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Review of Species Selected from the Analysis of 2004 EC Annual Report

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Review of Species Selected from the Analysis of 2004 EC Annual Report Review of species selected from the Analysis of 2005 EC Annual Report to CITES (Version edited for public release) Prepared for the European Commission Directorate General E - Environment ENV.E.2. – Development and Environment by the United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre May, 2008 Prepared and produced by: UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre, Cambridge, UK ABOUT UNEP WORLD CONSERVATION MONITORING CENTRE www.unep-wcmc.org The UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre is the biodiversity assessment and policy implementation arm of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), the world‘s foremost intergovernmental environmental organisation. UNEP-WCMC aims to help decision- makers recognize the value of biodiversity to people everywhere, and to apply this knowledge to all that they do. The Centre‘s challenge is to transform complex data into policy-relevant information, to build tools and systems for analysis and integration, and to support the needs of nations and the international community as they engage in joint programmes of action. UNEP-WCMC provides objective, scientifically rigorous products and services that include ecosystem assessments, support for implementation of environmental agreements, regional and global biodiversity information, research on threats and impacts, and development of future scenarios for the living world. The contents of this report do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of UNEP or contributory organisations. The designations employed and the presentations do not imply the expressions of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNEP, the European Commission or contributory organisations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or its authority, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Table of Contents 1. Introduction to the Analysis of the European Community Annual Report to CITES .......................... 2 2. Introduction to the species sheets ....................................................................................................... 2 SPECIES: Crocodylus novaeguineae novaeguineae .......................................................................... 10 SPECIES: Varanus niloticus ............................................................................................................ 19 SPECIES: Ptyas mucosus ................................................................................................................. 27 SPECIES: Polyodon spathula ........................................................................................................... 30 SPECIES: Galanthus elwesii ............................................................................................................ 41 SPECIES: Galanthus woronowii ...................................................................................................... 45 3. Introduction to the Cyclamen group: ............................................................................................... 51 SPECIES: Cyclamen cilicium ........................................................................................................... 54 SPECIES: Cyclamen coum ............................................................................................................... 57 SPECIES: Cyclamen hederifolium .................................................................................................... 61 SPECIES: Pericopsis elata ................................................................................................................ 65 1. Introduction to the Analysis of the European Community Annual Report to CITES UNEP-WCMC undertakes an annual Analysis of the European Community Annual Report to CITES. This Analysis examines patterns of trade into the European Community, trade in groups of particular note, possible transgressions of suspensions and negative opinions, exports of EU native species, etc. The Analysis of the 2005 annual reports identified species for which: Imports were considered to be high volume according to thresholds which were determined by taxonomic group and CITES Appendix (Table 1). Imports of wild specimens had increased sharply in 2005, compared with imports between 1996-2005. Species were taken to qualify on the basis of the ‗sharp increase‘ criterion if the volume of importer-reported wild-sourced imports during 2005 exceeded the upper 95% ‗confidence interval‘ (i.e. the mean plus 1.96 standard deviations of the mean) for the average trade volume during 1996–2005. In such cases, the 2004 trade level was taken to show an increase in excess of what might be expected under ‗normal‘ inter-annual fluctuations. Imports of wild specimens generally increased or decreased in 2003-2005, compared with the trade reported over the period 1996-2002. The overall increase criterion took into account more general trends over the period 1996–2005. This criterion compared the average volume of wild-sourced imports during 2003–2005 with that for preceding years, to highlight species that had experienced a significant increase or decrease over the ten-year period. Table 1. Minimum level of trade required for selection on the basis of high trade volume. Taxonomic group CITES Appendix I II III Mammals 100 10000 50000 Birds 100 10000 50000 Reptiles 100 50000 100000 Amphibians 100 50000 — Fish 100 50000 — Invertebrates 500 50000 100000 Plants (non-timber) 500 50000 100000 Plants (timber) — 1000 m3 5000 m3 All species initially identified by the criteria were subsequently inspected manually in order to exclude any for which the averages were disproportionately influenced by one or two atypical years. 2. Introduction to the species sheets On the basis of this analysis, 72 Appendix II taxa were initially considered as candidates for review (Table 2). Following discussion with the European Commission, and considering previous SRG and CITES discussions, 10 taxa were selected for in-depth review. The in-depth reviews for these species are presented in this report. Species were selected on the basis of particular patterns of trade in 2005. However, data for 2006 were available at the time of writing, and so were included in the species sheets. Trade data in this report were downloaded on 19/12/2007. Additional trade data were received on Galanthus woronowii from Georgia, and these data were updated on 29/04/2008. In the trade tables, ―main‖ imports are summarised. These exclude trade terms involving a very small volume of trade (e.g. specimens, teeth). ―Direct‖ exports are those where the origin and exporter are the same country. ―Indirect‖ exports are those where the origin and the exporter 2 are different countries. The table for direct exports to countries other than EU-27, may include trade included in the table for indirect exports to EU-27. Trade between EU-27 members is not included although some trade was reported from candidate countries to the EU during the pre- accession period of some Member States. Nine out of the ten species presented in this review were selected on the basis of the high volume of trade to the European Union in 2005. Polydon spathula also showed a sharp increase in trade in 2005, and trade in Cyclamen coum showed an overall increase, i.e. generally increased 2003-2005, compared with the trade reported over the period 1996-2002. Crocodylus novaeguineae novaeguineae was selected on the basis of an overall increase in trade. Status information focuses on the main trading partners, as highlighted in Table 2. 3 Table 2. Species considered for in-depth review Taxon EC IUCN Selection criteria Notes Rewiew? Annex Red List1 Acinonyx jubatus A VU High volume All exporting countries were within their No accepted quotas. Panthera onca A NT Sharp increase Increase due to imports of 20 skins for No exhibition purposes. Panthera pardus A LC High volume All exporting countries were within their No accepted quotas. Loxodonta africana A/B VU High volume Trade closely monitored through CITES No process Crocodylus porosus A/B LC High volume EC imports consisted almost exclusively of No captive-bred specimens. Crocodylus siamensis A CR High volume EC imports consisted exclusively of captive- No bred specimens. Scleropages formosus A EN High volume EC imports consisted exclusively of captive- No bred specimens. Araucaria araucana A VU High volume EC imports consisted exclusively of No artificially propagated specimens. Astrophytum asterias A VU High volume EC imports consisted exclusively of No artificially propagated specimens. Obregonia denegrii A VU High volume EC imports consisted exclusively of No artificially propagated specimens. Uebelmannia pectinifera A LC High volume EC imports consisted exclusively of No artificially propagated specimens. Saussurea costus A High volume EC imports consisted exclusively of No artificially propagated specimens. Euphorbia decaryi A EN High volume EC imports consisted exclusively of No artificially propagated specimens. Dendrobium cruentum A n/a High volume EC imports consisted exclusively of No artificially propagated specimens. Paphiopedilum armeniacum A EN High volume EC imports consisted exclusively of No artificially propagated specimens. Abies guatemalensis A VU Sharp increase Sharp increase was due to trade for No scientific purposes. Papio hamadryas B NT Overall increase Positive opinion formed for Ethiopia, No Kenya, South Africa, U. R. Tanzania and Zimbabwe at SRG 20. P. hamadryas from Ethiopia was reviewed for SRG 24 (positive opinion maintained).
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