Strategic Frameworks and Best Practice for Botanic Gardens

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Strategic Frameworks and Best Practice for Botanic Gardens EUROGARD VII PARIS THEME A : STRATEGIC FRAMEWORKS AND BEST PRACTICE FOR BOTANIC GARDENS 01. 43 TABLE ↓OF CONTENTS CULTIVATING OUR CONNECTIONS, BUILDING SUPPORT p.43 A1 AND INFLUENCE FOR BOTANIC GARDENS LIVING COLLECTIONS: THE ESSENCE p.46 A2 OF BOTANIC GARDENS HORTICULTURE Le Projet Scientifique et Culturel (PSC) dans les Bour Aurélien, Astafieff Katia p.46 collections tropicales des Conservatoire et jar- dins botaniques de Nancy (CJBN) The cultivation method of Welwitschia mirabilis Kazimierczak-Grygiel Ewa p.51 Hook.f. in rhizoboxes THEME A ACCESS TO GENETIC RESOURCES AND BENEFIT-SHARING : STRATEGIC p.58 A3 INTERNATIONAL, EUROPEAN AND NATIONAL LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORKS AND BEST APPROACHES AND THEIR IMPLICATIONS FOR BOTANIC GARDENS PRACTICE FOR BOTANIC GARDENS The International Plant Exchange Network (IPEN) Kiehn Michael, Löhne Conny p.58 and the Nagoya Protocol Where living collections and convention regula- van den Wollenberg Bert p.65 tions meet. A need for strengthening network- ing within the botanic garden community Implementing the Nagoya Protocol: developing Williams China, Sharrock Suzanne p.80 a toolkit for your botanic garden DATABASES AND BIODIVERSITY p.89 A4 INFORMATION MANAGEMENT A4A PLANT COLLECTION MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS 44 TABLE ↓OF CONTENTS MANAGING INFORMATION ON BIOLOGICAL p.89 A4B DIVERSITY AT ALL LEVELS World Flora Online mid-term update : Loizeau Pierre-André, Wyse Jackson Peter p.89 Flore Mondiale en Ligne pour 2020 The INPN (National Inventory of Natural Heri- Oulès Emeline, Robert Solène, Poncet Laurent, tage), a management tool for French biodiversi- Tercerie Sandrine p.99 ty knowledge dissemination and conservation: the example of Flora and habitat THEME A STRATEGIC FRAMEWORKS AND BEST PRACTICE FOR BOTANIC GARDENS 45 THEME A : STRATEGIC FRAMEWORKS AND BEST EUROGARD VII PRACTICE FOR BOTANIC GARDENS PARIS 01. LE PROJET SCIENTIFIQUE ET CULTUREL (PSC) DANS LES COLLECTIONS TROPICALES DES CONSERVATOIRE ET JARDINS BOTANIQUES DE NANCY (CJBN) Bour Aurélien & Astafieff Katia Collections botaniques tropicales, Conservatoire et Jardins Botaniques de Nancy, 100 rue du Jardin Botanique, 54 600 Villers-lès-Nancy [email protected] [email protected] Pierre-François Valk / CJBM Valk Pierre-François Photo credit : Photo credit 46 LE PROJET SCIENTIFIQUE ET CULTUREL > Mots-clefs EUROGARD VII (PSC) DANS LES COLLECTIONS TROPICALES DES CONSERVATOIRE PSC SERRES TROPICALES ET JARDINS BOTANIQUES DE NANCY (CJBN) COLLECTIONS VÉGÉTALES VIVANTES PARIS • CJBN COLLECTIONS SPÉCIALISÉES 01. Résumé • Bour Aurélien LES CONSERVATOIRE ET JARDINS BOTANIQUES DE NANCY • Astafieff Katia (CJBN) ONT ENTREPRIS EN 2009 L’ÉLABORATION D’UN PROJET SCIENTIFIQUE ET CULTUREL (PSC), DÉMARCHE INSPIRÉE DES MUSÉES (LOI RELATIVE AUX MUSÉES DE FRANCE). L’OBJECTIF ÉTAIT DE FAIRE UN BILAN DE LA SITUATION EXISTANTE SUR LE FONCTIONNEMENT DU JARDIN BOTANIQUE, À TOUS LES NIVEAUX : HISTORIQUE, GESTION, TERRAINS ET BÂTIMENTS, PERSONNEL, PUBLICS, MUSÉOGRAPHIE, ACTIVITÉS SCIENTIFIQUES ET CULTURELLES, PROGRAMMATION, PARTENARIATS, COMMUNICATION ET BIEN-SÛR AVANT TOUT COLLECTIONS. L’étape suivante dans la démarche PSC a consisté en la rédaction d’un doc- Chitelet, ainsi que les collections patrimoniales (herbiers et bibliothèques). ument définissant les orientations, les actions et moyens à mettre en œuvre Au niveau des collections tropicales, au bout de plus de 30 ans de fonctionne- pour réaliser les objectifs de l’établissement. ment, les serres des CJBN ont rassemblé plus de 6 000 accessions de plantes en culture. Une réflexion a donc été engagée pour déterminer l’intérêt de ces Concernant les collections, le travail s’est porté sur les collections de pleine collections, en lien avec d’autres grands jardins botaniques français, et cibler terre, les collections tropicales, les collections du jardin d’altitude du Haut des groupes particuliers qui font la spécificité des CJBN. 47 LE PROJET SCIENTIFIQUE ET CULTUREL > Mots-clefs EUROGARD VII (PSC) DANS LES COLLECTIONS TROPICALES DES CONSERVATOIRE PSC SERRES TROPICALES ET JARDINS BOTANIQUES DE NANCY (CJBN) COLLECTIONS VÉGÉTALES VIVANTES PARIS • CJBN COLLECTIONS SPÉCIALISÉES 01. Introduction • Bour Aurélien UNE COLLECTION PEUT SE DÉFINIR COMME UN • Astafieff Katia GROUPEMENT THÉMATIQUE DE PLANTES AYANT UNE VOCATION PARTICULIÈRE : SCIENTIFIQUE, PÉDAGOGIQUE, CULTURELLE, ESTHÉTIQUE, DE CONSERVATION OU SERVANT DE RÉSERVES POUR L’ENSEIGNEMENT OU LES EXPOSITIONS. Photo credit : Pierre-François Valk / CJBN Chaque collection doit avoir une raison d’être précise, et doit être en accord • des échanges de graines et de matériels avec d’autres jardins avec les missions du jardin botanique. Il ne s’agit pas en effet d’avoir le plus botaniques ou institutions de recherche grand nombre d’espèces possibles d’une même famille pour avoir une col- • des recherches réalisées à partir des plantes en collection lection complète. • des programmes de recherche sur la taxonomie, grâce aux herbiers Nous nous sommes basés sur les critères proposés par le BGCI (Botanic Nous nous sommes également basés sur les niveaux de reconnaissance Gardens Conservation International), qui doivent être remplis par une insti- du CCVS (Conservatoire français des Collections Végétales Spécialisées) qui tution pour être considérée comme jardin botanique : présente l’avantage de réaliser un recensement des collections importantes dans les différents jardins botaniques. • un degré de permanence des collections raisonnable • une base scientifique pour les collections • une documentation précise sur les collections Etat des lieux • un suivi des plantes en collections • un étiquetage adapté Trente-sept collections, d’importance variable, ont été initialement réper- • une ouverture au public toriées, correspondant soit à des familles de plantes (Marantacées, Broméli- • la communication des informations aux autres jardins botaniques, acées, etc.), soit à des thématiques particulières (plantes des îles de l’océan institutions ou au public indien, plantes insectivores, etc). 48 LE PROJET SCIENTIFIQUE ET CULTUREL > Mots-clefs EUROGARD VII (PSC) DANS LES COLLECTIONS TROPICALES DES CONSERVATOIRE PSC SERRES TROPICALES ET JARDINS BOTANIQUES DE NANCY (CJBN) COLLECTIONS VÉGÉTALES VIVANTES PARIS • CJBN COLLECTIONS SPÉCIALISÉES 01. Etat des lieux • Bour Aurélien Nous avons aussi identifié : Ces collections sont en elles-mêmes des points forts pour le jardin • Astafieff Katia botanique. Elles sont originales, riches et remarquables et ont un intérêt sci- • les collections spécialisées , de nature à être reconnues à l’échelle inter- entifique, pédagogique ou patrimonial important. nationale. Elles sont centrales pour le jardin et susceptibles de servir pour des projets de recherches. Pour celles-ci, l’exhaustivité est un objectif, et la Ces collections ont cependant parfois été insuffisamment mises en valeur maintenance de la collection est une priorité. auprès du public. Si certaines actions ponctuelles ont été réalisées (expo- sition Pélargoniums ou présentation d’Aracées), les collections ne sont pas • les collections non spécialisées , qui possèdent un nombre de taxons clairement identifiées auprès du public, faute de médiation spécifique à leur plus réduit. Elles contribuent à la diversité du matériel végétal disponible sujet. L’intérêt scientifique de certaines collections est encore à définir. Si un pour la pédagogie, la scénographie et les expositions. travail important a été réalisé au niveau des Aracées, les autres thématiques nécessitent encore une réflexion. La problématique de la conservation des • les collections thématiques ou transversales . Elles sont alimentées espèces particulièrement rares est aussi à approfondir. par les taxons issus des deux autres types de collection et constituent l’ossature des expositions permanentes et des parcours thématiques. Les collections thématiques sont les suivantes : • Les épiphytes • Les plantes utiles à l’homme Points forts et points faibles • L’évolution des plantes terrestres des collections • Les relations plantes-insectes. Ces collections constituent les piliers du jardin botanique. Leur potentiel Le bilan a permis de déterminer les points forts et les points faibles de col- pédagogique et scientifique nécessite d’être développé. lections. Les collections spécialisées sont les collections suivantes : Si les plantes utilitaires sont régulièrement utilisées à des fins pédagogiques, les autres thématiques sont encore sous-exploitées. • Les Aracées • Les Pélargoniums Les collections non spécialisées sont les Bégonias, les Marantacées, ainsi • Les fougères tropicales et les plantes alliées (sélaginelles) que les plantes succulentes et les Cactacées. Elles contribuent à la diversité • Les plantes des îles Mascareignes et des Seychelles des plantes cultivées au jardin botanique. Elles ont notamment un intérêt • Les Fuchsias Lemoine (inclus dans la collection des Obtenteurs lorrains) pédagogique et attractif pour le public (plantes des milieux arides). 49 LE PROJET SCIENTIFIQUE ET CULTUREL > Mots-clefs EUROGARD VII (PSC) DANS LES COLLECTIONS TROPICALES DES CONSERVATOIRE PSC SERRES TROPICALES ET JARDINS BOTANIQUES DE NANCY (CJBN) COLLECTIONS VÉGÉTALES VIVANTES PARIS • CJBN COLLECTIONS SPÉCIALISÉES Références 01. Actions Cheney J., Navarrete Navarro, J. & Wyse Jackson, Peter (edited and • Bour Aurélien Ce bilan a permis de réaliser un tri important dans les collections. compiled by), 2000. Action Plan for Botanic Gardens in the European Union, • Astafieff Katia Près de 1 500 accessions de collections non spécialisées
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