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Boletín Del Instituto De Botánica ISSN 0187-7054 muG BOLETÍN DEL INSTITUTO DE BOTÁNICA Vol. 8 Núm. 1-2 8 de noviembre de 2000 Fecha efectiva de publicación 3 de abril de 2001 CUCBA UNIVERSIDAD DE GUADALAJARA RECTORÍA GENERAL DEPARTAMENTO DE BOTÁNICA Y ZOOLOGÍA Dr. Víctor Manuel González Romero Rector Dr. J. Antonio V ázquez García Jefe del Departamento Dr. Misael Gradilla Damy Vicerrector Ejecutivo INSTITUTO DE BOTÁNICA Lic. J. Trinidad Padilla López COMITÉ EDITORIAL Secretario General CENTRO UNIVERSITARIO Roberto González Tamayo DE CIENCIAS BIOLÓGICAS Coordinador de edición Y AGROPECUARIAS Adriana Patricia Miranda Núñez M. en C. Salvador Mena Munguía Responsable de edición Rector . Servando Carvajal H . M. en C. Santiago Sánchez Preciado Secretario Académico Laura Guzmán Dávalos M.V.Z. José Rizo Ayala Mollie Harker de Rodríguez Secretario Administrativo Jorge A. Pérez de la Rosa DIVISIÓN DE CIENCIAS' BIOLÓ- J. Jacqueline Reynoso Dueñas GICAS Y AMBIENTALES J. Antonio Vázquez García Dr. Arturo Orozco Barocio Director Luz Ma. Villarreal de Puga M. en C. Martha Georgina Orozco Medina Secretario Fecha efectiva de publicación 3 de abril de 2001 ~~1!}J ! 8 u<!;; CONTENIDO lft,\ lS~.:o r.... ~;tib)~~- LAS ESPECIES JALISCIENSES DEL GÉNERO FICUS L. (MORACEAE) .............. .................................................... Roberto Quintana-Cardoza y Servando Carvajal! MORFOLOGÍA DEL POLEN DE AMPHIPTERYGIUM SCHIEDE ex STANDLEY (JULIANIACEAE) •••••• Noemí Jiménez-Reyes y Xochitl Marisol Cuevas-Figueroa 65 FLORÍSTICA DEL CERRO DEL COLLI, MUNICIPIO DE ZAPOPAN, JALISCO, MÉXICO ............. Miguel A. Macias-Rodríguez y Raymundo Ramírez-Delgadillo 75 ESTUDIO PALINOLÓGICO DE ESPECIES DEL GÉNERO POPULUS L. (SALICACEAE) EN MÉXICO ................................................................................. .... .. .. .. .... .. ...... .. .. ... .. .. .. Rosa Elena Martínez-González y Noemí Jiménez-Reyes 1O 1 COMUNIDADES DE MACROALGAS EN AMBIENTES INTERMAREALES DEL SURESTE DE BAHÍA TENACATITA, JALISCO, MÉXICO ................................. .. .. ........... ... .... ...... .. .. .. ... ......... Rosalba Mire ya Hemández-Herrera, Ildefonso Enciso- Padilla, Adrián Ricardo López- González y María del Refugio Mora-Navarro 111 NUEVAS COMBINACIONES EN ESPECIES DEL GÉNERO FICUS L. SUBGEN. UROSTIGMA (MORACEAE) DE MÉXICO ........................................................... .................... Servando Carvajal, Rocío Rivera-Espinosa e Hilda Palacios-Juárez 127 LISTADO FLORÍSTICO PRELIMINAR DEL VOLCÁN CEBORUCO, NAYARIT, MÉXICO ....................................... Martha Cedano-Maldonado y Mollie Harker 137 FICUS AMERICANA AUBLET OR F. PERFORATA L. (MORACEAE) .................. .... .... ... .. ... .... .... .. .. .... .......... .... Servando Carvaj al169 UNA ESPECIE NUEVA DE MALAXIS (ORCHIDACEAE) DEL ESTADO DE MÉXICO .......... ................................................................................................. Roberto González Tamayo 175 NOTE TO MESO AMERICAN ORCHID NOVELTIES 4, HABENARIA .................... ......................................................................................... Robert L. Dressler 181 LAS ESPECIES JALISCIENSES DEL GÉNERO FICUS L. (MORACEAE) ROBERTO QUINTANA CARDOZA y SERVANDO CARVAJAL, Instituto de Botánica, Universidad de Guadalajara, apartado postal 1-139, Zapo pan, 45101, Jalisco, México [email protected] RESUMEN En el herbario del Instituto de Botánica de la Universidad de Guadalajara, se realizó un estudio de las especies nativas del género Ficus L. (Moraceae) del estado de Jalisco, México. Este documento incluye, además del análisis cualitativo, información sobre el hábitat y la distribución geográfica. Dicha investigación se basó en la revisión crítica de los especímenes depositados en los herbarios de Jalisco, Universidad Autónoma de Guadalajara (GUADA), Universidad de Guadalajara (IBUG) y Laboratorio Natural Las Joyas (ZEA). Asimismo, a la búsqueda de más datos, se consultaron los herbarios mayores del país, Colegio de Posgraduados de Chapingo (CHAPA), Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional (ENCB), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (MEXU) e Instituto de Ecología, A.C., (XAL). Durante el estudio se efectuaron muestreos en diferentes localidades con el objeto de fijar el límite de la distribución de ciertas especies. Se elaboró un banco de datos, ahora disponible en el IBUG, mediante el programa Quatro Pro (9.0); en él se capturó la información de 472 ejemplares, y fue útil para establecer el hábitat, la fenología, distribución altitudinal y geográfica de los !axones. Cada taxon se describe con detalle, se ilustra con sus caracteres de diagnóstico y se señala su distribución geográfica en la República Mexicana; para Jalisco se proporciona, además de la cita de especímenes consultados, un mapa con la ubicación de los ejemplares; se discuten sus posibles relaciones con las especies más afines, en cada caso. Como resultado del trabajo, se establece que Ficus en Jalisco comprende dos subgéneros (Urostigma y Pharmacosycea) y 14 especies. De ellas, cinco (Ficus cifrifolia, F. /entiginosa, F. petiolaris, F. pringlei y F. velutina) tienen distribución muy restringida en Jalisco y en estad0s adyacentes. Las otras (Ficus cotinifolia, F. glycicarpa, F. goldmanii, F. insípida, F. maxima, F. microchlamys, F. obtusifo/ia, F. padifo/ia y F. pertusa), son conocidas de muchas otras regiones del territorio mexicano. La mayoría se desarrollan en el bosque tropical subcaducifolio, aunque también se han encontrado algunas en el bosque de galería; otras medran en hábitats secos, pues crecen en las paredes rocosas de los acantilados (Ficus petiolarisy F. pring/ei). Muchas de ellas (sobre todo, del subgénero Urostigma) tienen el hábito estrangulador, i.e. inician su ciclo de vida como hemiepífitas. Se estudiaron ejemplares con siconos en diferentes etapas de desarrollo a lo largo de todo el año. En Jalisco los representantes de Ficus se encuentran desde el nivel del mar hasta los 2 200m. Ficus citrifolia, por la escasez de individuos en el campo, se ha colectado poco y, a excepción de ella, ninguna de nuestras especies parece estar amenazada. ABSTRACT In the Herbarium of the Instituto de Botánica of the University of Guadalajara (IBUG), a study was made of the genus Ficus L. (Moraceae) native to the state of Jalisco, México. This document includes a qualitative analysis as well as information with respect to habita! and geographical distribution. lt is based on a critica! revision of the exsiccatae in the herbaria of Jalisco (GUADA, 2 R. Quintana-C. y S. Carvajal: Las especies jalisciences del género Ficus ... IBUG and ZEA).In addition, the major Mexican herbaria (CHAPA, ENCB, MEXU and XAL) were consulted for other data from Jaliscan collections. During the course of the study, several locations were visited with the purpose of determining the limits of distribution for certain species. Labels information from 472 specimens including data related to habitat, phenology, altitude and locality were recorded in the databas e program Quatro Pro (9.0) accessible in IBUG. Each taxon is accurately describes giving limits of distribution in Mexico and illustrated with diagnostic characteristics. A map of Jalisco is provided showing points of collections as well as a list of the actual citations from the consulted specimens. Possible phylogenetic relations among species are also discussed. Result of this work, stablish that Ficus is representad by 2 subgenera, Urostigma and Pharmacosycea, and 14 species. Of these, 5 (F. citrifo/ia, F lentiginosa, F. petio/aris, F. pring/ei and F ve/utina) are restricted to Jalisco and adjacent states while the others (F. cotinifolia, F glycicarpa, F. goldmanii, F. insípida, F maxima F. microchlamys, F. obtusifo/ia, F padifo/ia and F pertusa) are widespread throughout the Mexican territory. Most of the species grow in tropical subdeciduous forest although sorne are riparian and other thrive in the dry habitats of rocky cliffs (F. petio/arisand F pringle!). Many species, specially of the subgenus Urostigma, are characterizetf as stranglers, i.e. they begin their life cycle as hemiepiphytes. Studies were made of specimenes with si con es in severa! stages of development throughout the year. In Jalisco Ficus are found from sea level to 2200 m. With the exception of F. citrifolia which han been poorly collected due to its scarcity, non of the species of Ficus seem to be threatened. INTRODUCCIÓN Ficus es uno de los elementos más característicos de todas las regiones tropicales de la Tierra. El conocimiento que se tiene de él, no obstante el volumen de información disponible, dista mucho de ser perfecto. Entre los miembros más conocidos en México de Ficus, se encuentran los «amates», cuya corteza se utiliza en la fabricación del llamado «papel amate»; los «higos» o «higueras» que producen frutos de sabor exquisito, los «hules» o «ficus» apreciados como plantas de sombra u ornamentales por la belleza de sus hojas y fácil propagación, y los «matapalos», que toman el nombre por su peculiar forma de vida que produce la muerte del árbol en el cual germinan sus semillas. En la actualidad, se considera que el género comprende de 750 a 1 000 especies en todo el mundo. Esta diferencia de opiniones en cuanto al número muestra las complejas particularidades de su delimitación. V arios estudiosos del género le atribuyen alrededor de 250 taxones americanos, pero la cantidad es especulativa y mientras no existan estudios detallados, no será posible dar una cifra que se aproxime a
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