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Flowers of Çoruh Valley

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Flowers of Çoruh Valley Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology, 5(13): 1785-1791, 2017 Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology Available online, ISSN: 2148-127X www.agrifoodscience.com, Turkish Science and Technology Flowers of Çoruh Valley Ramazan Çakmakçı1*, Rafet Aslantaş2, Yaşar Erdoğan3, Ümmügülsüm Erdoğan4 1Department of Agronomy, Section Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Faculty of Agriculture, Atatürk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey 2Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Osmangzi University, 26160 Eskişehir, Turkey 3Demirözü Vocational High School, Bayburt University, 69400 Bayburt, Turkey 4Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Bayburt University, 69000 Bayburt, Turkey A R T I C L E I N F O A B S T R A C T Coruh valley has an important biological diversity in term of plants, flora-fauna, wildlife and Research Articles ecosystems. These regions contain the landraces, wild and weedy relatives, other wild, herbaceous and flowering trees, herbaceous flowering plants, medicinal and aromatic and flowering and Received 10 November 2017 ornamental shrubs plants species which are especially economically important plant for floriculture, eco-tourism, botanical tourism and nature tourism. Many important medicinal and aromatic and Accepted 15 December 2017 ornamental plants species are found in this region and naturally grow. It is considered that Keywords:s Acantholimon, Achillea, Alkanna, Allium, Amygdalus, Angelica, Anemone, Anthemis, Arabis, Çoruh Valley Arctium, Artemisia, Asparagus, Asperula, Astragalus, Calamintha, Calendula, Calutea, Campanula, Biological diversity Capparis, Cardamine, Centaurea, Cephalanthera, Cephalaria, Chelidonium, Chenopodium, Herbaceous flowering plants Chysanthemum, Colchicum, Consolida, Coriandrum, Cornus, Coronilla, Cerasus, Cotoneaster, Crataegus, Crocus, Cyclamen, Dactylorhiza, Digitalis, Dianthus, Draba, Echinops, Equisetum, Flowering and ornamental shrubs plants Ferula, Filipendula, Fritillaria, Fumaria, Gagea, Galanthus, Galium, Genista, Gentiana, Geranium, Ornamental plants Geum, Gladiolus, Glychirrza, Helichrysum, Hesperis, Hypericum, İnula, İris, Isatis, Juniperus, Lilium, Linaria, Linum, lysimachia, Malus, Malva, Marrubium, Melissa, Mentha, Micromeria, *Corresponding Author: Morina, Muscari, Mysotis, Narcissus, Neotchichatchewia, Nepeta, Onobrychis, Orchis, Ornithogalum, Origanum, Paeonia, Papaver, Pedicularis, Peganum, Phelypaea, Platanthera, E-mail: [email protected] Plantago, Pilosella, Pelargonium, Potentilla, Polygonum, Polygala, Primula, Punica, Prunus, Pyrus, Ranunculus, Rhamnus, Rhododendron, Rhus, Rosa, Rubia, Rubus, Rumex, Salvia, Sambucus, Satureja, Scilla, Scorzonera, Scutellaria, Sedum, Sempervivum, Sideritis, Sophora, Sorbus, Stachys, Tanecetum, Teucrium, Thymus, Trigonella, Tulipa, Tussilago, Uechtriitzia, Vaccinium, Verbascum, Verbena, Veronica, Viburnum and Ziziphora species commonly found in the region may be may be evaluated economically. Türk Tarım – Gıda Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi, 5(13): 1785-1791, 2017 Çoruh Vadisinin Çiçekleri M A K A L E B İ L G İ S İ Ö Z E T Çoruh havzası bitki, flora-fauna, yaban hayatı ve ekosistemler bakımından önemli bir biyolojik AraştırmaMmakalesi çeşitliliğe sahiptir. Bu yöre, çiçekçilik, ekoturizm ve botanik turizmi bakımından önemli olabilecek yerel çeşitler, yabani ve otsu birlikler, yabani türler, otsu ve çiçekli ağaçlar, otsu çiçekli bitkiler, tıbbi Geliş 10 Kasım 2017 aromatik ve çiçekli ve çalımsı süs bitki türlerince zengindir. Bölgede birçok önemli tıbbi ve aromatik Kabul 15 Aralık 2017 ve süs bitkisi türü bulunmakta ve doğal olarak yetişmektedir. Bölgede yaygın olarak yetişen Achillea, Acantholimon, Alkanna, Allium, Amygdalus, Angelica, Anemone, Anthemis, Arabis, Arctium, Artemisia, Asparagus, Asperula, Astragalus, Calamintha, Calendula, Calutea, Campanula, Anahtar Kelimeler: Capparis, Cardamine, Centaurea, Cephalanthera, Cephalaria, Chelidonium, Chenopodium, Çoruh Vadisi Chysanthemum, Colchicum, Consolida, Coriandrum, Cornus, Coronilla, Cerasus, Cotoneaster, Biyolojik çeşitlilik Crataegus, Crocus, Cyclamen, Dactylorhiza, Digitalis, Dianthus, Draba, Echinops, Equisetum, Otsu çiçekli bitkiler Ferula, Filipendula, Fritillaria, Fumaria, Gagea, Galanthus, Galium, Genista, Gentiana, Geranium, Çiçekli ve çalımsı süs bitkileri Geum, Gladiolus, Glychirrza, Helichrysum, Hesperis, Hypericum, İnula, İris, Isatis, Juniperus, Süs bitkileri Lilium, Linaria, Linum, lysimachia, Malus, Malva, Marrubium, Melissa, Mentha, Micromeria, Morina, Muscari, Mysotis, Narcissus, Neotchichatchewia, Nepeta, Onobrychis, Orchis, Ornithogalum, Origanum, Paeonia, Papaver, Pedicularis, Peganum, Phelypaea, Platanthera, Plantago, Pilosella, Pelargonium, Potentilla, Polygonum, Polygala, Primula, Punica, Prunus, *Sorumlu Yazar: Pyrus, Ranunculus, Rhamnus, Rhododendron, Rhus, Rosa, Rubia, Rubus, Rumex, Salvia, Sambucus, E-mail: [email protected] Satureja, Scilla, Scorzonera, Scutellaria, Sedum, Sempervivum, Sideritis, Sophora, Sorbus, Stachys, Tanecetum, Teucrium, Thymus, Trigonella, Tulipa, Tussilago, Uechtriitzia, Vaccinium, Verbascum, Verbena, Veronica, Viburnum ve Ziziphora türleri ekonomik olarak değerlendirilebilir. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v5i13.1785-1791.1688 Çakmakçı et al., / Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology, 5(13): 1785-1791, 2017 Introduction Çoruh valley consist of Eastern Black Sea forests and higher parts of the Eastern Black Sea Mountains and in North-eastern Anatolian Steppe grasslands. The Çoruh the northern and north-eastern parts of Eastern Anatolia Basin is one of the most spectacular nature reserves in (Anon, 2007). Due to the Coruh River itself and the Turkey. Because the humid air from the Black Sea is geographical location of the region, the climatic blocked by the Kaçkar Mountains, the Çoruh Valley characteristics of the Black Sea, Mediterranean and enjoys the benefits of the rain shadow and brilliant Central Anatolian regions coexist along the valley. The sunshine. The Çoruh River carves deeply down between variety of climatic conditions due to the high mountain the Kaçkar Mountains to the north and the Mescit massifs, lowlands, plains, and the influence of the Euro- Mountains in the south. Kaçkar Mountains and landscape Siberian floristic region and Irano-Turanian floristic value Çoruh basin, plants, wildlife and ecosystems have region; these allow various vegetation elements to occur an important ecological richness in terms of biodiversity here. Besides, ecological factors change greatly over very (Çakmakçı et al., 2009a). The river experiences a short distances and for these reasons living things have transitional climate between Black Sea's mild and wet evolved and diversified richly and created a wealth of weather and East Anatolia's cold climate. The area is species. The valley is very rich in habitat diversity due to divided into two main valleys, namely the Valleys of the the diversity in its geomorphology, topography and True Coruh and the valleys brought by the side branches climate. As a result, Çoruh valley is very rich in plant of the Coruh River such as Ardanuç, Ortaköy, species. Altıparmak, aksu and barhal. In terms of average and There are Steppe grasslands, Forests ecosystem and in extreme temperatures, wide differences are also observed the area. Also Çoruh valley and region had low and high between regions and between village and local valley in altitude many mountain (mountain of Kaçkar 3937 m, the same region. The vegetation and plant cover is Altıparmak 3562 m, Dilek 3549 m, Güngörmez 3523 m, astonishingly diverse due to extreme variations in climate Demirdağ 3511 m, Karçal 3428 m, Deve 3363 m, Gül- within a very small area. While the lush green floors of Salval 3348 m, Kükürttepe 3348 m, Marsisi 3334 m, the valleys have an almost subtropical climate with rice Mescit 3240 m, Arsiyan 3164 m, Sandık 3186 m, Nevse paddies, olives, pomegranates and fig trees, the upper 3114, Çadır 3050 m, Kürdevan 3050 m, Asniyar 3040 m, parts of the side valleys are covered with a mixed forest Davut 3000 m, Parmak 3000 m, Dibe 3000 m, Kartal of coniferous and deciduous trees and alpine meadows. 3000 m, Mihrap 2950 m, Bozan 2924 m, Kop 2918 m, The Coruh River however shows high value in terms of Niyedik 2900 m, Akrevan 2900 m, Hasan 2900 m, Gemili biological diversity and hosts plenty of important species 2892 m, Pancarbayırı 2850 m, Arı 2850 m, Sahara 2799 and habitats. The river's valley is known for its rich flora m, Karyan 2790 m, Ziyaret 2752 m, Tozan 2700 m, with high endemism. Kargiyel 2790 m, Yassı 2500 m, Kazancık 2750 m, The region can be roughly divided into four separate Ayazöldüren 2500 m, Koçdağı 2500 m, Karadağ 2399 m, environments such as the bottom of the valley, which and mountain of Korga 2364 m). Mountain ecosystems receive humidity from the river, the arid hills, the tend to be important for biological diversity. Isolated subalpine hills and the alpine mountains. Following the mountain block is often rich in endemic. Regional various gushing streams in the side valleys, the grass is scattered geographic features, geographic differences brought about with wildflowers and in the shadow of magnificent pine by climatic diversity, mountains, forests, springs, avenue, trees. The transition between dry hills and lush meadows natural assets such as lakes and rivers; flora, fauna and is dramatic and varies from valley to valley. Steep slopes, canyons has a wealth of important. In the region 600-3900 scree and granite rocks
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