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Pengaruh Pandemik Covid-19 Terhadap Wisatawan Mancanegara Dan Nusantara Serta Karyawan Perusahaan Penerbangan Di Indonesia

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Pengaruh Pandemik Covid-19 Terhadap Wisatawan Mancanegara Dan Nusantara Serta Karyawan Perusahaan Penerbangan Di Indonesia Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen Ubhara PENGARUH PANDEMIK COVID-19 TERHADAP WISATAWAN MANCANEGARA DAN NUSANTARA SERTA KARYAWAN PERUSAHAAN PENERBANGAN DI INDONESIA Soehardi1; Arlan Siddha2; Hardiyono3; Tutik Siswanti4; Nurfitri Eka Hardpamungkas5 Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Universitas Bhayangkara Jakarta Raya1,; Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani2; Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Hang Tuah3; Fakultas Ekonomi Universitas Dirgantara Marsekal Suryadarma4; Universitas Indraprasta PGRI5 [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pandemik covid-19 terhadap wisatawan mancanegara dan nusantara serta karyawan perusahaan penerbangan di Indonesia. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian kuanntitatif dengan analisis composite reliability, cronbach’s alpha, average variance extracted, t test, P value dan koefisien determinasi. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh karyawan penerbangan dengan menggunakan purposive sampling diperoleh data berjumlah 95. Pandemik covid-19 berpengaruh sgnifikan terhadap wisatawan mancanegara dan nusantara di Indonesia. Semakin banyak warga negera Indonesia yang meninggal dunia dan terinfeksi covid-19 berlangsung sejak Maret hingga Juli 2020, maka semakin banyak wisatawan mancanegara dan nusantara merasa khawatir penyebaran covid-19 di Indonesia, Hal ini berdampak pada penurunan kunjungan wisatawan mancanegara sebesar 58,80% dan 59,96% apabila dibandingkan pada bulan Januari hingga Juni 2018, 2019 dan 2020 berjumlah 7.498.378, 7.715.512 dan 3.089.659. Wisatawan nusantara yang berkunjung ke beberapa kota dan provinsi di Indonesia mengalami penurunan sebesar 71,98% dan 69,09% apabila dibandingkan pada bulan Januari hingga Juni 2018 berjumlah 303.403.888, 275.000.000 dan 85.000.000 orang. Pandemik Covid-19 berpengaruh signifikan terhadap karyawan perusahaan penerbangan di Indonesia. Semakin lama penutupan sementara hingga pembatasan penumpang pesawat terbang, maka semakin menurun pendapatan perusahaan yang selanjutnya berdanpak pada pengurangan jumlah karyawan perusahaan penerbangan di Indonesia. Hal ini berdampak pada berkurangnya pendapatan perusahaan penerbangan senilai 207.000.000.000 rupiah, perusahaan penerbangan Garuda Group semester pertama tahun 2020 menderita kerugian bersih senilai US$ 120.100.000, berdampak pula pada pengurangan 800 karyawan perusahaan penerbangan Garuda Group dan pengurangan 2.600 karyawan perusahaan penerbangan Lion Group. Kata Kunci: Pandemik Covid-19, Wisatawan Asing dan Domestik serta Karyawan Peruasahaan Penerbangan ABSTRACT This study aims to determine the effect of the Covid-19 pandemic on foreign and domestic 47 | Pengaruh Pandemik Covid-19 terhadap Wisatawan Mancanegara dan Nusantara serta Karyawan Perusahaan Penerbangan di Indonesia tourists and airline employees in Indonesia. The research method used is a quantitative research method with analysis of composite reliability, Cronbach's alpha, average variance extracted, t test, P value and coefficient of determination. The population in this study were all airline employees using purposive sampling data obtained amounting to 95. The Covid-19 pandemic has a significant effect on foreign and domestic tourists in Indonesia. The more Indonesian citizens who died and were infected with Covid-19 took place from March to July 2020, the more foreign and domestic tourists are worried about the spread of Covid-19 in Indonesia, this has an impact on reducing foreign tourist visits by 58.80% and 59.96% when compared to January to June 2018, 2019 and 2020 amounting to 7,498,378, 7,715,512 and 3,089,659. Domestic tourists visiting several cities and provinces in Indonesia experienced a decrease of 71.98% and 69.09% when compared to 303,403,888, 275,000,000 and 85,000,000 people in January to June 2018. The Covid-19 pandemic has a significant effect on airline company employees in Indonesia. The longer the temporary closure to the limitation of airplane passengers, the lower the company's revenue which in turn results in a reduction in the number of employees at airlines in Indonesia. This has an impact on reducing airline company revenues of IDR 207,000,000,000, Garuda Group airline company for the first half of 2020 suffered a net loss of US $ 120,100,000, it also resulted in the reduction of 800 employees of Garuda Group airlines and 2,600 employees of Lion Group airlines . Keywords: Covid-19 Pandemic, Foreign and Domestic Tourists and Airlines Employees Diterima: 17 September 2020; Direvisi: 21 September 2020; Diterbitkan: 1 Oktober 2020 PENDAHULUAN Pemerintah Indonesia memberlakukan Pembatasan Sosial Tim medis China menemukan Berskala Besar (PSBB) dengan melarang penyakit covid-19 pertama kali di Wuhan, wisatawan mancanegara untuk berkunjung China pada bulan Desember 2019. Penyakit ke Indonesia. Hal ini berdampak pada covid-19 ini selanjutnya menyebar ke penutupan sementara hingga pembatasan beberapa Provinsi di China dan juga penumpang rute penerbangan dan menyebar kepada wisatawan mancanegara pelayaran luar negeri dan dalam negeri yang yang sedang berkunjung di China. dilakukan oleh perusahaan-perusahaan Wisatawan mancanegara yang berkunjung penerbangan dan pelayaran baik milik ke China inilah yang membawa penyakit pemerintah dan swasta. Pertimbangannya covid-19 semakin meningkat adalah jumlah kasus kematian telah penyebarannya di negara-negaranya di meningkat dan meluas antar kota dan seluruh dunia. Sejak World Health provinsi di seluruh Indonesia hingga Organization (WHO) menyatakan covid 19 perbatasan antar negara dan lintas negara sebagai pandemik pada bulan Maret 2020, berdampak pada aspek ekonomi dan beberapa negara termasuk Indonesia perdagangan serta menurunnya melarang wisatawan mancanegara pendapatan dan kesejahteraan masyarakat berkunjung ke Indonesia dan menghentikan di Indonesia. Dampak tersebut, pemerintah sementara hingga pembatasan penumpang Indonesia perlu melakukan pencegahan dan rute penerbangan internasional. penanggulangan melalui Pembatasan Sosial Berskala Besar. 48 | Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen Ubhara, Volume 2 No 2, Oktober 2020. ISSN 1858 – 1358, E – ISSN 2684 – 7000 Pelarangan wisatawan mancanegara Pandemik Covid-19 ke Indonesia, pelarangan wisatawan nusantara ke luar negeri dan pelarangan Pandemik covid-19 adalah jenis wisatawan nusantara berkunjung ke penyakit baru yang disebabkan oleh virus tempat-tempat wisata di beberapa kota dan dan dapat menular kepada orang lain provinsi di Indonesia berdampak pada melalui udara dan kontak langsung. Wuhan penurunan jumlah penumpang dan Provinsi Hubei, Republik rakyat Tiongkok penurunan pendapatan perusahaan- merupakan pusat pertama kalinya perusahaan penerbangan yang dimiliki oleh ditemukan covid-19 oleh para dokter BUMN dan swasta seperti Garuda Tiongkok di bulan Desember 2019 (WHO, Indonesia, Citilink, Sriwijaya Air, Lion Air, 2020). Menurut World Health Batik, Air, Wings Air, NAM Air, Susi Air, Organization (WHO) karakteristik Covid- Aviastar, Xpress Air dan Trans Nusa. 19 antara lain sesak napas, mudah merasakan lelah, seringkali batuk-batuk Deklarasi WHO tentang pandemic kering dan seringkali deman slih berganti. covid-19 merupakan rujukan bagi Pada tanggal 11 Maret 2020 telah diumukan pemerintah Indonesia, Pemerintah oleh WHO bahwa Covid-19 menjadi Provinsi, Pemerintah Kabupaten, pandemik di seluruh Negara-negara Pemerintah Kota di Indonesia untuk didunia. COVID-19 ini sejak bulan Maret hingga Agustus 2020 ini menjadi pandemi membatasi lalu lintas orang, barang dan yang terjadi di seluruh dunia. jasa dengan membuat peraturan tentang Pembatasan Sosial Berskala Besar sejak Negara-negara di Benua Amerika, bulan Maret hingga Juli 2020. Pembatasan Eropa, Asia, Afrika dan Australia membuat Sosial Berskala Besar inilah berengaruh peraturan yang ketat tentang larangan bagi pada menurunnya wisatawan mancanegara Warga Negara Asing (WNA) untuk berkunjung ke Indonesia sehingga load berkunjung ke negaranya dan juga larangan factor penumpang dan kargo perusahaan bagi warga negaranya untuk berkunjung ke penerbangan mengalami penurunan seperti luar negeri sejak diberlakukannya Group Garuda dan Group Lion menutup pengumuman pandemik oleh WHO. Setelah sementara rute penerbangan luar negeri pengumuman resmi oleh WHO sejak bulan dan dalam negeri. Maret hingga Agustus 2020, pemerintah Indonesia juga melarang turis mancanegara berkunjung ke Indonesia, begitu pula Penutupan sementara rute pemerintah Indonesia melarang turis penerbangan luar negeri dan dalam negeri nusantara untuk melakukan perjalanan ke berdampak pada menurunnya pendapatan luar negeri dan melarang turis nusantara beberapa perusahaan penerbangan untuk berkunjungan ke tempat-tempat sehingga perusahaan penerbangan Group wisata di beberapa kota dan provinsi di Garuda dan Group Lion terpaksa Indonesia. mengeluarkan kebijakan yang begitu berat mulai dari work from home, pengurangan Pelarangan turis mancanegara gaji dan insetif hingga pemutusan berkunjung ke Indonesia dan pelarangan hubungan kerja sejak bulan Maret hingga turis nusantara berkunjung ke luar negeri Juli 2020. sesuai dengan Pembatasan Sosial Berskala Besar Dalam Rangka Percepatan LANDASAN TEORI Penanganan Corona Virus Disease 2019 49 | Pengaruh Pandemik Covid-19 terhadap Wisatawan Mancanegara dan Nusantara serta Karyawan Perusahaan Penerbangan di Indonesia (COVID-19) telah diberlakukan dengan dan kedatangan atau sampai tujuan. dikeluarkannya Peraturan Pemerintah
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