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Kapitelzahlen (In Römischen Lettern) Vorangestellt. Die Literaturangaben Fin- Sechziger Jahre — Weiterführung Der Untersuchu

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Kapitelzahlen (In Römischen Lettern) Vorangestellt. Die Literaturangaben Fin- Sechziger Jahre — Weiterführung Der Untersuchu ANMERKUNGEN Den Verweben auf andere Anmerkungen sind der Vermerk „Einl." bzw. die Kapitelzahlen (in römischen Lettern) vorangestellt. Die Literaturangaben fin- den sich ungekürzt auf S. 337—350. Zur Zitierwebe der ungedruckten Quellen vgl. S. 335—337- Deren Signaturen bzw. von uns verwendete Kürzungen sind kursiv gesetzt. EINLEITUNG 1 Schulz in: Bracher/Sauer/Schulz, S. 373; dazu u. D., S. 250. 2 Buchheim, SS und Polizei, S. 16 f. 3 der Nachdem Tatbestand schon auf Grund der Ergebnisse des Nürnberger Prozesses u. a. in Trevor-Roper, Hitlers letzte Tage, S. 8 ff. erörtert worden war, geriet er nicht zuletzt unter dem Einfluß der außenpolitischen Entwicklung der fünfziger und—frühen sechziger Jahre — durch das Vorherrschen der Totalitarismus-Theorie (der Verf. nur insoweit beistimmt, als der nationalsozialistische Anspruch an Staat und Individuum erklärtermaßen totalitär und in seiner Folge terroristisch war, vgl. S. 250 m. Anm. VI/48) fast in Vergessenheit. Die Frage, ob die Nationalsozialisten über eine einheitliche Herr- schaftskonzeption und überlegene Strategie verfügten, war der bis heute in breiteren Kreisen ebenso wie in manchen publizistisch wirksam auftretenden Komitees verkannte Hintergrund der sogenannten „Reichstagsbrand-Diskussion", die Hans Mommsen in Weiterführung der Untersuchungen von Fritz Tobias (Spiegel-Serie) Mitte der sechziger Jahre anregte (VJZG 12, 1964, S. 351—413). In die gleihe Richtung zielten Fest und Höhne. Ein weiterer, sehr entscheidender Grand für die Voraussetzung einer einheit- lichen Herrschaftskonzeption dürfte das nachhaltig empfundene Erlebnis der Diktatur bei zahlreichen Autoren gewesen sein (hier ist Höhne, S. 10, doch wohl zu ergänzen), das zudem ganz dem Bilde entsprach, das das Regime von seinem inneren Aufbau mit Absicht nah außen hin aufrechterhielt. Auf den „gewöhnlichen Staatsbürger" wirkte der Führer-Staat mit seiner ganzen Brutalität; die strukturelle Differenzierung hat diese Wirkung nicht vermindert (vgl. u. D., S. 153—235, 247—250). Die Befürchtung, durch Betonung auch der Instabilitäten einer Verharmlosung des NS-Systems Vorschub zu leisten, besteht aus diesen und anderen Gründen demnach wohl niht zu Reht, so sehr das moralische Gewicht solcher Einwände und Grandauffassungen zu würdigen ist. Viel- mehr ergeben sich aus der Aufdeckung der wahren Verhältnisse im „Staat Hitlers" (Broszat) neue Fragestellungen, denen über das hinaus, was etwa bis zum Abschluß der vorliegenden Untersuchung (1968) sichtbar wurde (S. 250), während der weiteren Dis- kussion, darunter in der gerade erneut und fruchtbar beginnenden, vergleichenden Faschismus-Forschung, mit nachgegangen werden könnte. 4 Mommsen, Beamtentum, S. 18; Broszat, Staat Hitlers, S. 9. Vgl. u. D., S. 14 mit Anm. EinL/24. 8 Bracher in: Bradber/Sauer/Shulz, S. 217. 8 Schulz, ebenda, S. 375—376. 7 Bracher, Stufen, S. 42. 8 Dazu S. 247. 8 Z Härtle, Z Koeppen, Z Beisel. Graf Beisel war seinerzeit Verwalter des Angelicums Banz. Er berichtete, daß etwa im Herbst 1944 der Leiter der Pariser Dienststelle des ERR, Baron Kurt v. Behr, mit Beutegut und großen Mengen Wohn- und Hausgerät für den persönlichen Bedarf im Kloster Banz eintraf. Ober Schlesien kamen im Frühjahr Bestände der Dienststellen aus Osteuropa hinzu. Behr schied nach dem amerikani- schen Einmarsch freiwillig aus dem Leben. Die im Keller des Klosters eingemauerten Akten sollen etwa im Juli 1945 aufgefunden worden sein. — Verf. muß annehmen, daß die eigentlichen Akten der DRbg. etwa im Januar 1945 aus Berlin nach Banz transpor- tiert wurden, da sie bb November 1944 in großer Dichte erhalten sind, während vom Januar nur einige wenige Stücke vorliegen; 118, 250. Von früheren Beständen wurde „ein großer Teil der Akten des Aufbauamtes" der Hohen Schule vernichtet (Dr. Wagner, 251 Zu S. 12—14 (Einl.) Rundschreiben Nr. 1, 351, über den Luftangriff vom 22. November 1943). Dabei wurde auch das seit 1941 als Hauptsitz der DRbg. dienende, umgebaute ehemalige „Hotel am Knie" (Bismarckstr. 1) zerstört. Vgl. Anm. H/92. 18 Billig (s. u. D., S. 335 und 343). 11 Mitt. DZA an Verf., 13. November 1965 ; Z tcGtv, Werner Krämer an Verf. 12 Der Familie Prof. Dr. Werner Buttlers (u. D., S. 199—211), die den Nachlaß zur Ver- fügung stellte, sowie Prof. Dr. Heinrich Harmjanz, der auf einen der Angehörigen Buttlers hinwies, ist sehr zu danken. 18 Vgl. Quellenverz. I, Nr. 9. 14 R., Letzte Aufzeichnungen, Vorwort des Verlages, S. 5. 15 Z Härtle (mündl. Mitt.). 18 R., Porträt. Dazu Textvergleieh mit R., Letzte Aufzeichnungen, bei Schubert, S. 99 ff. 17 Der Kampf gegen die Kirche. Aus unveröffentlichten Tagebüchern Alfred Rosenbergs. Von Robert M. W. Kempner. In: Der Monat 1 (1948), Nr. 10, S. 28—38. Vgl. Anm. EinL/18. Zit.: R., Tagebuch, ed. Kempner. 18 R., Das politische Tagebuch Alfred Rosenbergs 1934/3 J- Hrsg. von Hans-Günther Sera- phim. Göttingen 1956, Mündien 1964. Zit.: R., Tagebuch, ed. Seraphim. „Der Spiegel", Jg. 17, Nr. 5, S. 14, meldete am 30. Januar 1963, das „sowjetische Außenministerium" wolle im „kommenden Frühjahr ... zwei handgeschriebene Tagebücher" R.'s veröffent- lichen. Die Meldung wurde von keiner amtlichen Stelle bestätigt. Der Neuigkeitswert von unbekannten Teilen des Tagebuchs, die vielleicht einmal auftauchen könnten, dürfte durch die zur Verfügung stehenden Akten der DRbg. erheblieh gesunken sein. Verf. wird selbst zwei unabhängig voneinander ermittelte Eintragungen aus den Jahren 1938 und 1939, von denen eine von Dr. Robert M. W. Kempner in dessen Besitz aufgefunden und dankenswerterweise zur Verfügung gestellt wurde, veröffentlichen. Sie gehören in Saehzusammenhänge, die in der vorliegenden Untersuchung nicht mit dargestellt wer- den konnten. 18 Das Tagebuch ist von relativer Wichtigkeit für die Kirdienpolitik R.'s (u. D., S. 113—119) sowie dann gelegentlich auch einmal für entscheidende Zusammenhänge, z. B. für die Beurteilung der Kriegsschuld Hitlers durch einen Reichsleiter der Partei (u. D., S. 126 bis 128) und für den Verlauf eines symptomatischen EntScheidungsprozesses bei Hitler (u.D.,S.i34). 20 Beispiele: Die Eintragung vom 11. Juni 1934 enthält nichts über die Gründung der Dienststelle (6. Juni) und die vorausgegangenen krisenreichen Verhandlungen mit Ley (u. D., S. 61 ff., 66S.). Der Vermerk vom 26. Dezember 1934 besagt nichts über die Kün- digung des Etats durch Ley. Die Berichte vom 15. und 21. Januar 1935 enthalten nichts über die erneute Wendung der Ereignisse, obwohl diese die gesamte Existenz der Dienst- stelle berührten (u. D., S. 87 f.). 21 Ausdruck R.'s, 13. Februar 1934; vgl. u. D., S. 63. 22 Ähnlieh bereits die Bemerkungen Seraphims in R., Tagebuch, ed. Seraphim, S. 4. — Hitler vermied in den genannten Fällen gern entsprechend kontroverse Themen der Innen- politik: u. D., S. 98. 28 Vgl. u. D. S. 76—78 (betr. Furtwängler, Hindemith, Oncken und die Begünstigung W. Franks); S. 145—152 (Bewerbung R.'s um Vollmachten zur Kulturgut-Beschlagnahme bei wissentlicher Verletzung des Volkerrechts und Begünstigung der Selbstbereicherung Görings); für die aus Intoleranz, Uneinsiditigkeit und wissenschaftlicher Unfähigkeit entstandene Verfolgung von Wissenschaftlern und die Rechtfertigung der Ideologie vgl. etwa S. 22—24 m. Anm. I/44 und I/50, S. 157, S. 171 m. Anm. V/61 a, 215—220, 223. Es besteht nur ein scheinbarer Widerspruch zwischen dem Selbstmitleid, von dem R.'s autobiographische Schriften und zahlreiche Briefe aus seiner amtlichen Tätigkeit zeugen, und der empörenden Aggressivität seiner „theoretischen" Forderungen (u. D., S. 119 bis 122, 127—128) und deren praktischer Durchsetzung. Die Emotionalität R.'s erklärt sich gleicherweise aus der Irrationalität seines Denkens (u. D., S. 24) wie aus dem permanen- ten Frustrationserlebnis bei dem Versuch, es in die Realität zu übersetzen. Auch der dann sozusagen „erzwungene" Griff zum Mittel des Terrors konnte nur jeweils punktuell kompensierend wirken. Auch war er nur nach außen anwendbar und nicht, wenn R. im internen Machtkampf unterlag. 2J2 ZuS.i4-i8(Einl.lI) 24 Im Lit.-Verz. genauer aufgeführt sind die Arbeiten von Buhheim, Jacobsen, Krausnick, Mau, Broszat, Mommsen und Fest. Nicht mehr berücksichtigen konnte Verf. die neuen Untersuchungen von Diehl-Thiele und Hüttenberger (mit wenigen Ausnahmen). Zum folgenden vgl. die Ergebnbse von Höhne, Schäfer, Schumann und Boelcke. 28 Schubert: vgl. Anm. Einl7i6; Jacobsen, Außenpolitik, S. 45—89, 477—495, 634—645; vgl. u. D., Anm. I/16 a. 28 Verf. weicht von der Darstellung Frau Brenners in Einzelheiten und z. T. auch in der Gesamtauffassung ab. Vgl. u. D., S. 27—30, Anm. 11/1, S. 33 m. Anm. II/39, S. 37 m. Anm. II/60, S. 56 m. Anm. II/161 und III/90. Die Voraussetzung der Interpretation Frau Brenners war die Annahme einer einheitlichen Konzeption der nationalsozialistischen Führung. 27 Kater, Diss. phil. Heidelberg 1966 (Dbs.-Drack). Die für den Buchhandel vorgesehene Neufassung konnte Verf. in einer noch nicht endgültigen Fassung (1969) einsehen, aber nur noch an wenigen Stellen einarbeiten. Für die kollegiale Zusammenarbeit ist Herrn Kater, York-University, Toronto (Kanada), auch hier zu danken. 28 Rothfeder (s. Lit.-Verz.) verzichtete darauf, die Fragestellung seiner Arbeit zu formu- lieren. Der Ausgangsthese, Rosenberg sei berufen worden, um die ideologischen Krisen- erscheinungen in der NSDAP zu beseitigen, vermag Verf. nur mit starken Einschränkun- gen zuzustimmen (Rothfeder, S. III und 55—74, dazu u. D., S. 54—59). 28 Rothfeder, S. 410—411. 30 Die Auswirkungen auf die Vorgeschichtsforschung wurden von Rothfeder, S. 142 und 229—234, völlig unterschätzt. Dazu u. D., S. 153—235. 31 Rothfeder, S. 33—47 vgl. mit u. D., S. 28—39 und unten Anm. II/38, II/60, II/70, II/118. 32 Rothfeder, S. 47—54 vgl. mit u. D., S. 39—54. 38 Rothfeder, S. 53 vgl. mit u. D., S. 71—85. 34 Vgl. Rothfeder, S. 55—74 mit u. D., S. 45—60 und 113—119; Rothfeder, S. 76—103 vgl. mit u. D., S. 61—71; Rothfeder, S. 85—110 vgl. mit u. D., S. 85—103. Vgl. weiter u. D., Anm. II/103, 157, 164; III/i, 9, 27, 36, 119, 151, 159; IV/7, 41, 51, 56, 100, 119, 155, 159, 164,197; V/i. 38 Rothfeder, S.
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