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Ambasciata D'italia Presso La Santa Sede 1929
Storia e Diplomazia Il presente volume è stato realizzato a cura dell’Unità per la Documentazione Storico- diplomatica e gli Archivi sotto la direzione del Capo della Unità, Professor Francesco Perfetti. Le opinioni espresse all’interno dei saggi contenuti nel volume sono esclusivamente degli autori e non rappresentano in alcun modo la posizione della struttura. Ministero degli Affari Esteri Segreteria Generale Unità per la Documentazione Storico Diplomatica e gli Archivi Storia e Diplomazia 2 Giugno 2009 SOMMARIO Premessa ............................................................................................................... pag. 7 SAGGI ............................................................................................ » 9 Cesare Maria De Vecchi di Val Cismon. Primo Ambasciatore d’Italia in Vaticano (giugno 1929 – luglio 1935) di Mario Casella ............................................................................ » 11 INVENTARI ..................................................................................... » 29 Il riordinamento delle carte dell’Ambasciata d’Italia presso la Santa Sede di Stefania Ruggeri ......................................................................... » 31 Titolario ...................................................................................... » 33 Inventario .................................................................................... » 35 Inventario delle carte dell’Ambasciata d’Italia presso la Santa Sede a cura di Michele Abbate ............................................................................ -
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Italy and the Sanusiyya: Negotiating Authority in Colonial Libya, 1911-1931 Eileen Ryan Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY 2012 ©2012 Eileen Ryan All rights reserved ABSTRACT Italy and the Sanusiyya: Negotiating Authority in Colonial Libya, 1911-1931 By Eileen Ryan In the first decade of their occupation of the former Ottoman territories of Tripolitania and Cyrenaica in current-day Libya, the Italian colonial administration established a system of indirect rule in the Cyrenaican town of Ajedabiya under the leadership of Idris al-Sanusi, a leading member of the Sufi order of the Sanusiyya and later the first monarch of the independent Kingdom of Libya after the Second World War. Post-colonial historiography of modern Libya depicted the Sanusiyya as nationalist leaders of an anti-colonial rebellion as a source of legitimacy for the Sanusi monarchy. Since Qaddafi’s revolutionary coup in 1969, the Sanusiyya all but disappeared from Libyan historiography as a generation of scholars, eager to fill in the gaps left by the previous myopic focus on Sanusi elites, looked for alternative narratives of resistance to the Italian occupation and alternative origins for the Libyan nation in its colonial and pre-colonial past. Their work contributed to a wider variety of perspectives in our understanding of Libya’s modern history, but the persistent focus on histories of resistance to the Italian occupation has missed an opportunity to explore the ways in which the Italian colonial framework shaped the development of a religious and political authority in Cyrenaica with lasting implications for the Libyan nation. -
Aiello Calabro (CS) Italy
Dr. Francesco Gallo OUTSTANDING FAMILIES of Aiello Calabro (CS) Italy from the XVI to the XX centuries EMIGRATION to USA and Canada from 1880 to 1930 Padua, Italy August 2014 1 Photo on front cover: Graphic drawing of Aiello of the XVII century by Pietro Angius 2014, an readaptation of Giovan Battista Pacichelli's drawing of 1693 (see page 6) Photo on page 1: Oil painting of Aiello Calabro by Rosario Bernardo (1993) Photo on back cover: George Benjamin Luks, In the Steerage, 1900 Oil on canvas 77.8 x 48.9 cm North Carolina Museum of Art, Raleigh. Purchased with funds from the Elizabeth Gibson Taylor and Walter Frank Taylor Fund and the North Carolina State Art Society (Robert F. Phifer Bequest), 98.12 2 With deep felt gratitude and humility I dedicate this publication to Prof. Rocco Liberti a pioneer in studying Aiello's local history and author of the books: "Ajello Calabro: note storiche " published in 1969 and "Storia dello Stato di Aiello in Calabria " published in 1978 The author is Francesco Gallo, a Medical Doctor, a Psychiatrist, a Professor at the University of Maryland (European Division) and a local history researcher. He is a member of various historical societies: Historical Association of Calabria, Academy of Cosenza and Historic Salida Inc. 3 Coat of arms of some Aiellese noble families (from the book by Cesare Orlandi (1734-1779): "Delle città d'Italia e sue isole adjacenti compendiose notizie", Printer "Augusta" in Perugia, 1770) 4 SUMMARY of the book Introduction 7 Presentation 9 Brief History of the town of Aiello Calabro -
Dai Rifiuti Al Re Nasce Il Regime Fascista Fatale Per L’Italia La Miopia Della Classe Dirigente 1 Dicembre 1919
Anno XXXVII – N. 2 Dicembre 2020 AVVISO ALLE POSTE Sped. in a.p. 70% In caso di mancata consegna inviare Poste Italiane Spa – Filiale di Milano TRIMESTRALE DI CULTURA E POLITICA al CMP di Roserio per la restituzione al mittente, che si impegna a pagare la relativa tassa. DAI RIFIUTI AL RE NASCE IL REGIME FASCISTA Fatale per l’Italia la miopia della classe dirigente 1 dicembre 1919. Dal discorso della Corona: “... Il Parlamento, presidio di ogni libertà, difesa e garanzia di tutte le istituzioni democratiche, deve essere oggi più che mai circondato dalla fiducia del Paese… Il nostro Paese raggiunge con la guerra quei confini che la natura gli diede…”. 11 giugno 1921. Dal discorso della Corona “… Perché quest’opera di riassestamento proceda nella concordia delle classi sociali, occorrerà che il Parlamento rivolga l’attività propria all’ordinato ascendere delle classi lavoratrici così delle officine come dei campi… Sarà vanto di questa assemblea… rafforzare gli istituti cooperativi… per consentire alle classi operaie di abilitarsi gradualmente al difficile governo dell’attività economica”. “La rivoluzione fascista si fermò davanti a un trono”* B. Mussolini Vittorio Emanuele III si oppone al fascismo 1918 L’Italia è compiuta 20 novembre 1918. Ore 14. Camera dei Deputati. Vittorio Emanuele Orlando, presidente della Camera: “Onorevoli colleghi! L’Italia è compiuta… Le nostre istituzioni, essenzialmente democratiche, consentono ogni sviluppo e ogni trasformazione. L’Italia, che si fece pari a sé stessa nella guerra, saprà sorpassare sé stessa nella pace”(1) Riprende la vita parlamentare, ma il Direttore del Cor- riere della Sera, Luigi Albertini, senatore e membro del Fascio parlamentare di difesa nazionale, raggruppamento patriottico di partiti durante la guerra, il 21 novembre scri- ve: “I fasci devono ora rappresentare la fine dei vecchi partiti”. -
The Photo-Text in the Mussolini Era
Athens Journal of Humanities & Arts - Volume 8, Issue 4, October 2021 – Pages 341-361 The Photo-Text in the Mussolini Era By Carla Rossetti In the 1930s, Fascism’s Mythopoeia found in propaganda photobooks a comfortable space in which to configure itself. The layout of the photobooks draws on the experiments carried out by the editors of “Campo Grafico” [1933 - 1939] and by eclectic personalities like Guido Modiano; with reference to photography, on the other hand, from the modernist style developed by the amateurs of photographic circles reworking the experience gained by the European avant-gardes since the previous decade. All these innovations led to a rethinking of the usual relationship between image and text, gaining a new and a much more dynamic interaction between visual and textual. Through the analysis of some of the most important photobooks of the Fascist Era, the following article aims to show some aspects of the verbal and visual rhetoric which the Fascist regime used to generate an articulated model of the world in which to believe, even if its appearance differed radically from what one saw with one's own eyes or experienced on one's own skin every day. In propaganda photo books, the facts are emphasized, even judged, in order to construct a specious argument that leaves no room for doubt. Introduction and Literature Review The history of Fascist propaganda photography is an emblematic story of how, in the 1920s and 1930s, photography participated in the political events of the Nation, contributing to the construction of an epic and heroic tale of the Italian totalitarianism. -
Storia Contemporanea 1922-1943 LO STATO FASCISTA 25 Luglio 1943
Dipartimento di Scienze umane e sociali CORSO DI LAUREA IN SCIENZE DELL’EDUCAZIONE a.a. 2018-2019 Storia contemporanea 1922-1943 LO STATO FASCISTA 25 luglio 1943 • Il re revoca dell’incarico di governo a Mussolini • arresto e confino Cronologia: IL REGIME FASCISTA / 1 LA FASE STATUTARIA 1922, ottobre: dopo la intrapresa, ma non completata ‘marcia su Roma’, Mussolini ottiene dal re l’incarico a formare il governo › governo Mussolini I, con pieni poteri su bilancio e amministrazione 1923: legge elettorale ‘Acerbo’ con premio di maggioranza alla lista che ottenga almeno il 25% dei voti 1924: elezioni, denuncia di Matteotti, assassinio di Matteotti / riconferma di Mussolini al governo LA COSTRUZIONE DELLA MONARCHIA FASCISTA 1925, gennaio: Mussolini chiude affare Matteotti e procede al introdurre ordinamenti dittatoriali 1925-1926 LEGGI FASCISTISSIME 1928 Nuova legge elettorale plebiscitaria: Lista unica 1929 Trasformazione del Gran Consiglio del Fascismo in organo costituzionale Patti Lateranensi 1936 Proclamazione dell’Impero, dopo la conquista dell’Etiopia Cronologia: IL REGIME FASCISTA / 2 FASE INVOLUTIVA E CRISI 1937 Mussolini si proclama ‘duce del fascismo’ 1938-39 LEGGI RAZZIALI 1939 Abolizione della Camera dei Deputati, sostituita da una Camera dei Fasci e delle Corporazioni non elettiva 1940, 10 giugno: l’Italia entra in GUERRA 1943, 9 luglio: sbarco in Sicilia degli angloamericani › inizia l’occupazione 1943, 25 luglio: il Gran Consiglio del Fascismo propone al re la destituzione di Mussolini; il re revoca l’incarico a Mussolini, -
Inventing the Lesser Evil in Italy and Brazil
Fascist Fiction: Inventing the Lesser Evil in Italy and Brazil by Giulia Riccò Department of Romance Studies Duke University Date:_______________________ Approved: ___________________________ Lamonte Aidoo, Supervisor ___________________________ Roberto Dainotto ___________________________ Nicola Gavioli ___________________________ Saskia Ziolkowski Dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Romance Studies in the Graduate School of Duke University 2019 i v ABSTRACT Fascist Fiction: Inventing the Lesser Evil in Italy and Brazil by Giulia Riccò Department of Romance Studies Duke University Date:_______________________ Approved: ___________________________ Lamonte Aidoo, Supervisor ___________________________ Roberto Dainotto ___________________________ Nicola Gavioli ___________________________ Saskia Ziolkowski An abstract of a dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Romance Studies in the Graduate School of Duke University 2019 Copyright by Giulia Riccò 2019 Abstract My dissertation, Fascist Fiction: Inventing the Lesser Evil in Italy and Brazil, accounts for the resilience of fascism by tracing the rhetoric of the “lesser evil”—a discursive practice constitutive of fascism—through contemporary politics and literature in Italy and Brazil. By invoking the looming presence of a graver, more insidious threat the rhetoric of the lesser evil legitimizes fascist violence against dissidents and vulnerable populations. Through an analysis of texts by fascist philosopher Giovanni Gentile and his Brazilian counterpart Miguel Reale, I reveal that the rhetoric of the lesser evil is a constitutive part of fascist discourse and that in Italy and Brazil this aspect of fascist doctrine met a favorable combination of subjective and objective conditions which has allowed it to thrive within democratic structures. -
Vedimento (ASP, PNF Di Mon- Tecatini Val Di Cecina, B
“La Spalletta”, 12 settembre 2015 DALLA MARCIA SU ROMA ALLA MVSN «Vittoria Fascista»: era questo il titolo di un articolo di fondo pubblicato il 5 novembre 1922 su “Il Corazziere” (a. XLI, n. 45): foglio che mai – occorre dirlo – aveva fatto mancare il suo sostegno al movimento fondato da Mussolini il 23 marzo 1919, prima, e poi al partito nato il 7 novembre del 1921: Il nostro giornale che ha seguito, con simpatia, con fiducia, con ammirazione fervida e sincera, il fascismo, fino dal suo sor- gere, ne celebra oggi la piena e assoluta vittoria con la più grande letizia e con la ferma sicurezza che esso saprà ottimamente ricostruire come efficacemente ha saputo compiere l’opera di santa demolizione. Alle Camice nere, al genio di Benito Mussolini – duce romanamente grande – l’Italia deve la sua salvezza e dovrà la sua rina- scita e il definitivo trionfo. I primi atti del nuovo Governo infondono un ritmo nuovo alla vita nazionale: il ritmo dei forti. Finalmente – dopo l’avvicendarsi di governi abulici, inerti, tentennanti, deboli – l’Italia – per merito di Vittorio Emanuele III – ha oggi alla sua testa un Uomo dal pugno di ferro e dalla mente superiore, un Uomo che è espressione pura e genui- na della nostra razza imperiale! Salutiamo in Benito Mussolini il continuatore dell’Italia di Vittorio Veneto; diamo a Benito Mussolini adesione piena, completa, entusiastica, incondizionata; stringiamoci concordi intorno al Fascismo trionfante: questo è il dovere di quanti hanno amore e rispetto per la Patria, affetto e devozione per il Sovrano: chi non sente questo dovere è un traditore. -
Repression of Homosexuals Under Italian Fascism
ªSore on the nation©s bodyº: Repression of homosexuals under Italian Fascism by Eszter Andits Submitted to Central European University History Department In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Arts Supervisor: Professor Constantin Iordachi Second Reader: Professor Miklós Lojkó CEU eTD Collection Budapest, Hungary 2010 Statement of Copyright Copyright in the text of this thesis rests with the Author. Copies by any process, may be made only in accordance with the instructions given by the Author and lodged in the Central European Library. Details may be obtained from the librarian. This page must form a part of any such copies made. Further copies made in accordance with such instructions may be not made with the written permission of the Author. CEU eTD Collection ii Abstract This thesis is written about Italian Fascism and its repression of homosexuality, drawing on primary sources of Italian legislation, archival data, and on the few existent (and in most of the cases fragmentary) secondary literatures on this puzzling and relatively under- represented topic. Despite the absence of proper criminal laws against homosexuality, the Fascist regime provided its authorities with the powers to realize their prejudices against homosexuals in action, which resulted in sending more hundreds of ªpederastsº to political or common confinement. Homosexuality which, during the Ventennio shifted from being ªonlyº immoral to being a real danger to the grandness of the race, was incompatible with the totalitarian Fascist plans of executing an ªanthropological revolutionºof the Italian population. Even if the homosexual repression grew simultaneously with the growing Italian sympathy towards Nazi Germany, this increased intolerance can not attributed only to the German influence. -
Mussolini's Ambiguous and Opportunistic Conception of Romanità
“A Mysterious Revival of Roman Passion”: Mussolini’s Ambiguous and Opportunistic Conception of Romanità Benjamin Barron Senior Honors Thesis in History HIST-409-02 Georgetown University Mentored by Professor Foss May 4, 2009 “A Mysterious Revival of Roman Passion”: Mussolini’s Ambiguous and Opportunistic Conception of Romanità CONTENTS Preface and Acknowledgments ii List of Illustrations iii Introduction 1 I. Mussolini and the Power of Words 7 II. The Restrained Side of Mussolini’s Romanità 28 III. The Shift to Imperialism: The Second Italo-Ethiopian War 1935 – 1936 49 IV. Romanità in Mussolini’s New Roman Empire 58 Conclusion 90 Bibliography 95 i PREFACE AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I first came up with the topic for this thesis when I visited Rome for the first time in March of 2008. I was studying abroad for the spring semester in Milan, and my six-month experience in Italy undoubtedly influenced the outcome of this thesis. In Milan, I grew to love everything about Italy – the language, the culture, the food, the people, and the history. During this time, I traveled throughout all of Italian peninsula and, without the support of my parents, this tremendous experience would not have been possible. For that, I thank them sincerely. This thesis would not have been possible without a few others whom I would like to thank. First and foremost, thank you, Professor Astarita, for all the time you put into our Honors Seminar class during the semester. I cannot imagine how hard it must have been to read all of our drafts so intently. Your effort has not gone unnoticed. -
Redalyc.MASONERÍA Y FASCISMO EN ITALIA: UNA RELACIÓN AMBIGUA (1922-1943)
Diálogos - Revista do Departamento de História e do Programa de Pós-Graduação em História ISSN: 1415-9945 [email protected] Universidade Estadual de Maringá Brasil Savarino, Franco MASONERÍA Y FASCISMO EN ITALIA: UNA RELACIÓN AMBIGUA (1922-1943) Diálogos - Revista do Departamento de História e do Programa de Pós-Graduação em História, vol. 13, núm. 1, 2009, pp. 167-184 Universidade Estadual de Maringá Maringá, Brasil Disponible en: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=305526877009 Cómo citar el artículo Número completo Sistema de Información Científica Más información del artículo Red de Revistas Científicas de América Latina, el Caribe, España y Portugal Página de la revista en redalyc.org Proyecto académico sin fines de lucro, desarrollado bajo la iniciativa de acceso abierto Diálogos, DHI/PPH/UEM, v. 13, n. 1 p. 167-184, 2009. MASONERÍA Y FASCISMO EN ITALIA: UNA RELACIÓN AMBIGUA (1922-1943) * Franco Savarino** Resumen. La formación de un régimen autoritario en Italia en 1922 (desde 1925 dictadura totalitaria), causó un enfrentamiento con la masonería. Inicialmente varias logias apoyaron la llegada al poder de Mussolini, y entre los fascistas había muchos masones. Sin embargo, existía una fuerte corriente antimasónica heredada del nacionalismo, que compartía personalmente el Jefe de los «camisas negras» y varios líderes importantes del nuevo régimen. La masonería fue primero prohibida en las filas del Partido y luego (1925) proscrita. Aquí me propongo indagar sobre los motivos que llevaron a este enfrentamiento y el significado de la oposición masonería-fascismo, frente al programa fascista de alianza con fuerzas liberales, acercamiento a la Iglesia católica y formación de una nueva «religión política» incompatible con la tradición masónica. -
Consensus for Mussolini? Popular Opinion in the Province of Venice (1922-1943)
UNIVERSITY OF BIRMINGHAM SCHOOL OF HISTORY AND CULTURES Department of History PhD in Modern History Consensus for Mussolini? Popular opinion in the Province of Venice (1922-1943) Supervisor: Prof. Sabine Lee Student: Marco Tiozzo Fasiolo ACADEMIC YEAR 2016-2017 2 University of Birmingham Research Archive e-theses repository This unpublished thesis/dissertation is copyright of the author and/or third parties. The intellectual property rights of the author or third parties in respect of this work are as defined by The Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 or as modified by any successor legislation. Any use made of information contained in this thesis/dissertation must be in accordance with that legislation and must be properly acknowledged. Further distribution or reproduction in any format is prohibited without the permission of the copyright holder. Declaration I certify that the thesis I have presented for examination for the PhD degree of the University of Birmingham is solely my own work other than where I have clearly indicated that it is the work of others (in which case the extent of any work carried out jointly by me and any other person is clearly identified in it). The copyright of this thesis rests with the author. Quotation from it is permitted, provided that full acknowledgement is made. This thesis may not be reproduced without my prior written consent. I warrant that this authorisation does not, to the best of my belief, infringe the rights of any third party. I declare that my thesis consists of my words. 3 Abstract The thesis focuses on the response of Venice province population to the rise of Fascism and to the regime’s attempts to fascistise Italian society.