By All Means.Pdf

“By All Means Necessary” is a documentary on how African countries gained independence against the colonial powers. The ideological battles that were fought between the Pan-Africanist, Casablanca group and the Monrovia group, the Francophonist - pro relationship with France, before the formation of the OAU and the Co-ordinating Committee for the Liberation Movements (CCLM). The film looks at the networks that were put in place to finance and arm the Liberation Movements. The problems that were encountered with a spate of coups’d’etats that created setbacks for the OAU and assassinations against liberation Movement leaders, the likes of Lumumba, Edouardo Mondlane and Cabral. The final objective of the OAU and CCLM’s “mission accomplished” with Mandela’s swearing in at Union Building in 1994, thus closing the Liberation Movements chapter.

Ahmed Ben Bella 1918 - 2012 President of the Democratic People’s Republic of Algeria 1963-1965

Nelson Mandela 1918 - 2013 President of South Africa 1994 - 1999 South Africa’s relationship with Algeria dates back to the early 60’s when Nelson Mandela, then 1st commander of Umkonto We Sizwe and Robert Reisha, underwent their 1st military training with Algerians in Morocco (Algerian border).

Miriam Makeba 1932 – 2008 Singer, civil-rights activist

To quote Miriam Makeba, this can be seen as a ‘thank you’ to the continent for having supported us in the dark days of Apartheid. The history of the liberation movements continently has unfortunately, never been dealt with. This imitative is an African one told by the African’s themselves, the role players. Haile Selassie 1892 - 1975 Emperor of Ethiopia – 1930 – 1974

Oliver Tambo 1917 – 1993 President of the African National Congress 1967 – 1991

South Africa’s spotlight alone in this documentary accounts for at least twenty five percent of visuals. Leaders profiled and their role in liberation politics include Nelson Mandela, Oliver Tambo, Johnny Makhatini and Miriam Makeba, who alone represents a liberation movement.

Thabo Mbeki President of South Africa 1999 - 2008

Johnny Makhathini 1932 – 1988 National Executive Committee Member of the African National Congress (ANC) 1974 - 1985 Natives At Large Tel: +27 (0)11 982 1552 Email: [email protected] Web: www.nativesatlarge.co.za 53 8th Street Linden Johannesburg 2194