Guide to Material at the LBJ Library Pertaining to Africa

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Guide to Material at the LBJ Library Pertaining to Africa LYNDON BAINES JOHNSON L I B R A R Y & M U S E U M www.lbjlibrary.org Revised December 2009 MATERIAL AT THE JOHNSON LIBRARY PERTAINING TO AFRICA [Note: The following related guides are also available: the Middle East; and Foreign Aid, Food for Peace and Third World Economic Development -- Asia, Africa, and Latin America. The United Arab Republic is not included in this guide. Anyone interested in the U.A.R. should consult the guide on the Middle East.] INTRODUCTION This guide lists the principal files at the Johnson Library that contain material on Africa, but it is not exhaustive. While most of the collections listed in the guide have been processed and are available for research, some files may not yet be available. Researchers should consult the Library’s finding aids to locate additional material and to determine whether specific files are available for research. Some of the finding aids are on the Library’s web site, www.lbjlib.utexas.edu, and others can be sent by mail or electronically. Researchers interested in Africa should also consult the Foreign Relations of the United States. This multi-volume series published by the Office of the Historian of the Department of State presents the official documentary historical record of major foreign policy decisions and diplomatic activity of the United States government. The volumes are available online at the Department of State web site which may be accessed at the “Related Links” button, under the “Research” button on the Johnson Library web site, www.lbjlib.utexas.edu. NATIONAL SECURITY FILE This file was the working file of President Johnson's special assistants for national security affairs, McGeorge Bundy and Walt W. Rostow. Documents in the file originated in the offices of Bundy and Rostow and their staffs, in the various executive departments and agencies, especially those having to do with foreign affairs and national defense, and in diplomatic and military posts around the world. More than two-thirds of the National Security File has been processed. Consult the finding aid in the Reading Room or borrow a copy by mail by writing to the Supervisory Archivist, LBJ Library, 2313 Red River Street, Austin, Texas 78705. Portions of the NSF finding aid, including the finding aid for the NSF, Country File, are available on the Johnson Library web site, www.lbjlib.utexas.edu. NSF, Country File The country file is arranged by geographic area and thereunder alphabetically by country. Memos, cables, intelligence reports, correspondence, and special studies were originally bound into heavyweight gray folders arranged in chronological order within each country. Each folder was assigned a volume number. The files have been refoldered and in most cases each volume is now in two folders labeled "Cables" and "Memos". Box # Africa 76-77 Africa, East 77 Africa, Union of South 78-79 2 Algeria 79 Angola 79 Botswana 80 Burundi 80 Cameroon 80 Box # Central African Republic 80 Chad 80 Congo 81-87 Dahomey 88 Ethiopia 88 Gambia 89 Gabon 89 Ghana 89-90 Guinea 90 Ivory Coast 91 Kenya 91 Lesotho (Basutoland) 92 Liberia 92 Libya 92-93 Malagasy 93 Malawi 94 Mali 94 Mauritania 94 Mauritius Islands 94 Morocco 94-95 Mozambique 95 Niger 95 Nigeria 96 Nyasaland 96 Rhodesia 97 Rwanda 98 Rwanda/Burundi 98 Senegal 98 Sierra Leone 98 Somalia 99 Somali Republic 99 Sudan 99 Swaziland 99 Tanganyika 100 United Republic of Tanganyika/ Zanzibar 100 United Republic of Tanzania 100 Tunisia 101 Togo 101 Uganda 101 Upper Volta 102 Zambia 102 Zanzibar 103 [The Country Files on Portugal (box 203) and the United Kingdom (boxes 206 through 216), include scattered material concerning Africa, especially Angola and Rhodesia. The files have been processed and are arranged chronologically.] 3 NSF, Country File, Vietnam “Special Intelligence Material (Codeword) 1967” [Africa general, Congo, Angola] 201 NSF, Head of State Correspondence: Included are formal and informal correspondence with Box # heads of state and heads of government arranged by country and thereunder chronologically. Congo 2 Dahomey 2 Libya 5 Sudan 6 Uganda 7 Upper Volta 11 NSF, Special Head of State Correspondence Algeria 2 Botswana 5 Burundi 7 Cameroon 7 Central African Republic 9 Chad 9 Congo 11-12 Dahomey 13 Equatorial Guinea 15 Ethiopia 15 Gabon 16-17 Gambia 17 Ghana 19 Guinea 20-21 Ivory Coast 29 Kenya 32 Lesotho 35 Liberia 35 Libya 35 Malagasy 36 Malawi 36 Mali 37 Mauritania 37 Mauritius 37 Morocco 39-40 Niger 42 Nigeria 42-43 OAU -- Organization of African Unity 43 Rhodesia 47 Rwanda 47 Senegal 49 Sierra Leone 49 Somali 50 South Africa 50 South West Africa People's Organization 50 Sudan 51 Swaziland 51 Tanzania 52 Togo 53 4 Tunisia 53-54 Uganda 54 Upper Volta 55 Zambia 61 Zanzibar 61 NSF, International Meetings and Travel File: Briefing material, memos, and cables are included on President Johnson's foreign travel, the travel of other administration officials, and international meetings. Box # “Africa, President's Proposed Trip (Adroit), 8/68” 25 “Africa, Vice President's Trip, Vol. I, 1/68” 27 “Africa, Vice President's Trip, Vol. II, 1/68” 27 “Africa, Harriman Trip, 3/64” 31 “Non-Aligned Nations, Conference in Cairo, 10/64” 33 NSF, Speech File: The chronologically-arranged file of speeches by President Johnson, mostly on foreign policy issues from 1964 to 1966, include memos, speech drafts, press releases, and a compilation of 1964 campaign speeches. See the President’s Speech on the Third Anniversary of the Organization for African Unity in Washington, 5/26/66, in box 5. NSF, Name File: The NSF Name File is composed primarily of folders on the members of the National Security Council staff during the Johnson administration. The file also contains folders on some Presidential aides, Senators, and former presidents who were involved in national security issues. This series includes memos from the President's national security staff, arranged by author, and correspondence with a few other individuals on national security matters. "Brubeck Memos" [1964] [CAB international air rights for Air Afrique] 1 “Chase, G.” [1964-1966] [Rhodesia] 1 “Eisenhower, Dwight D., General” [1954-1969] [Rhodesia] 2 "Hamilton Memos" [1965-1968] [Africa general] 3 "Haynes Memos" [1965-1966] [Africa general] 3 ”[Humphrey] "Vice President, Vol. II" [Morocco] 4 "Komer Memos, Vol. I" [Africa general] 6 "Komer Memos, Vol. II" [Africa general] 6 "Saunders Memos" [1965-1968] [Africa general] 7 “Wriggins Memos, 1967” [Algeria] 8 NSF, Intelligence File: “303 Committee” [Congo, Sudan, Bechuanaland, Kenya] 2 "CIA Report, 'Restless Youth' 9/68" [200-page CIA report on student unrest throughout 3 the world. Includes sections on the Congo, Ethiopia, Senegal, and the Arab world] “Codeword Material, Volume 1” [Ghana, the Congo, Africa general] 6 “Codeword Material, Volume 2” [Algeria, Somalia, Ethiopia, Congo, Burundi] 7 “Codeword Material, Volume 3” [Africa general, Congo, Sudan] 7 “Codeword Material, Volume 4” [Tanzania, Congo] 8 NSF, National Intelligence Estimates File: National Intelligence Estimates (NIEs) and Special National Intelligence Estimates (SNIEs) were originated by the Director of Central Intelligence and concurred in by the United States Intelligence Board. Material is arranged by the numerical-subject index applied to the documents at the time of origin. Folders contain from one to several estimates. “36.5, Libya” 6 “60/70, Africa” 8 “60, North and West Africa” “62, Algeria” 5 “64.1, Ghana” “64.2, Nigeria” “65, Congo” “69, Rwanda and Burundi” “70, South and East Africa” Box # “71, Angola and Mozambique” 8 “72, Rhodesia” “73, South Africa” “75/76, Horn of Africa” “76.1, Ethiopia” “78, Sudan” NSF, National Security Action Memorandums File: “NSAM 232 Follow-up on King Hassan's Visit, 4/5/63” 1 “NSAM 291 Libya Base Rights, 3/20/64” 3 “NSAM 295 U.S. Policy Toward South Africa, 4/24/64” 4 “NSAM 356 Implementation of Korry Report on Development Policies and Programs 9 in Africa (10/5/66)” NSF, National Security Council Meetings File: This two-box collection contains notes of meetings, attendance lists, agendas, briefing papers, and papers discussed at meetings. “Vol. 1, tab 7, Various topics, 4/3/64” [includes the Congo, Ghana and Libya] 1 “Vol. 3, tab 21, Congo, 8/11/64” “Vol. 3, tab 23, Congo, Cyprus, South Vietnam, 8/25/64” “Vol. 3, tab 43, Southwest Africa, 7/14/66” 2 “Vol. 4, tab 49, Southern Rhodesia, 1/25/67” “Vol. 4, tab 50, North Africa; bombing of North Vietnam, 2/8/67” “Vol. 4, tab 54, African Problems, 7/13/67” “Vol. 5, tab 73, The 23rd UN General Assembly, 9/25/68 [includes material on Biafra] NSF, Files of the Special Committee of the NSC: The Special Committee of the NSC was established by President Johnson on June 7, 1967, to coordinate the handling of the Middle East Crisis. McGeorge Bundy served as Executive Secretary. The Special Committee ended its formal work in August 1967. “Algeria” 3 “Libya” 6 “Morocco” 6 “Sudan” 6 “Tunisia” 7 NSF, National Security Council Histories: Compiled by the NSC staff in 1968, these collections of documents deal with twenty-one international crises or issues during the Johnson administration. The histories consist mainly of photocopies of key documents from the National Security File and other files, usually arranged in chronological order. Most of the histories also include introductory and background material, such as chronologies, document lists, and brief narrative overviews. President's Speech on Third Anniversary of Organization of African Unity 5/26/66 14 Congo C-130 Crisis, July 1967 15 NSF, Agency File: Material on Africa will be scattered throughout this collection; consult the finding aid for a complete folder title list. The following folders are known to contain relevant material: “State, Dept.
Recommended publications
  • Southern Africa
    339-370/428-S/80005 FOREIGN RELATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES 1969–1976 VOLUME XXVIII SOUTHERN AFRICA DEPARTMENT OF STATE Washington 339-370/428-S/80005 Foreign Relations of the United States, 1969–1976 Volume XXVIII Southern Africa Editors Myra F. Burton General Editor Edward C. Keefer United States Government Printing Office Washington 2011 339-370/428-S/80005 DEPARTMENT OF STATE Office of the Historian Bureau of Public Affairs For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512-1800; DC area (202) 512-1800 Fax: (202) 512-2250 Mail: Stop IDCC, Washington, DC 20402-0001 339-370/428-S/80005 Preface The Foreign Relations of the United States series presents the official documentary historical record of major foreign policy decisions and significant diplomatic activity of the United States Government. The Historian of the Department of State is charged with the responsibility for the preparation of the Foreign Relations series. The staff of the Office of the Historian, Bureau of Public Affairs, under the direction of the General Editor, plans, researches, compiles, and edits the volumes in the series. Secretary of State Frank B. Kellogg first promulgated official regulations codifying specific standards for the selection and editing of documents for the series on March 26, 1925. Those regulations, with minor modifications, guided the series through 1991. Public Law 102–138, the Foreign Relations Authorization Act, es- tablished a new statutory charter for the preparation of the series which was signed by President George H.W. Bush on October 28, 1991.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Publication
    44 Germany’s Security Assistance to Tunisia: A Boost to Tunisia’s Long-Term Stability and Democracy? Anna Stahl, Jana Treffler IEMed. European Institute of the Mediterranean Consortium formed by: Board of Trustees - Business Council: Corporate Sponsors Partner Institutions Papers IE Med. Publication : European Institute of the Mediterranean Editorial Coordinator: Aleksandra Chmielewska Proof-reading: Neil Charlton Layout: Núria Esparza Print ISSN: 2565-2419 Digital ISSN: 2565-2427 Legal deposit: B 27451-2019 November 2019 This series of Papers brings together the result of research projects presented at the EuroMeSCo Annual Conference 2018. On the occasion of the EuroMeSCo Annual Conference “Changing Euro-Mediterranean Lenses”, held in Rabat on 12-13 July 2018, distinguished analysts presented indeed their research proposals related to developments in Europe and their impact on how Southern Mediterranean states perceive the EU and engage in Euro-Mediterranean cooperation mechanisms. More precisely, the papers articulated around three main tracks: how strategies and policies of external actors including the European Union impact on Southern Mediterranean countries, how the EU is perceived by the neighbouring states in the light of new European and Euro-Mediterranean dynamics, and what is the state of play of Euro-Mediterranean relations, how to revitalize Euro-Mediterranean relations and overcome spoilers. This publication has been produced with the assistance of the European Union. The contents of this publication are the sole responsibility
    [Show full text]
  • Re Joinder Submitted by the Republic of Uganda
    INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE CASE CONCERNING ARMED ACTIVITIES ON THE TERRITORY OF THE CONGO DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO v. UGANDA REJOINDER SUBMITTED BY THE REPUBLIC OF UGANDA VOLUME 1 6 DECEMBER 2002 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page INTRODUCTION .................................................................... 1 CHAPTER 1 : THE PERSISTENT ANOMALIES IN THE REPLY CONCERNING MATTERS OF PROCEDURE AND EVIDENCE ............................................... 10 A. The Continuing Confusion Relating To Liability (Merits) And Quantum (Compensation) ...................... 10 B. Uganda Reaffirms Her Position That The Court Lacks Coinpetence To Deal With The Events In Kisangani In June 2000 ................................................ 1 1 C. The Courl:'~Finding On The Third Counter-Claim ..... 13 D. The Alleged Admissions By Uganda ........................... 15 E. The Appropriate Standard Of Proof ............................. 15 CHAPTER II: REAFFIRMATION OF UGANDA'S NECESSITY TO ACT IN SELF- DEFENCE ................................................. 2 1 A. The DRC's Admissions Regarding The Threat To Uganda's Security Posed By The ADF ........................ 27 B. The DRC's Admissions Regarding The Threat To Uganda's Security Posed By Sudan ............................. 35 C. The DRC's Admissions Regarding Her Consent To The Presetnce Of Ugandan Troops In Congolese Territory To Address The Threats To Uganda's Security.. ......................................................................4 1 D. The DRC's Failure To Establish That Uganda Intervened
    [Show full text]
  • A Case Comparison of Ghana, Kenya, and Senegal
    1 Democratization and Universal Health Coverage: A Case Comparison of Ghana, Kenya, and Senegal Karen A. Grépin and Kim Yi Dionne This article identifies conditions under which newly established democracies adopt Universal Health Coverage. Drawing on the literature examining democracy and health, we argue that more democratic regimes – where citizens have positive opinions on democracy and where competitive, free and fair elections put pressure on incumbents – will choose health policies targeting a broader proportion of the population. We compare Ghana to Kenya and Senegal, two other countries which have also undergone democratization, but where there have been important differences in the extent to which these democratic changes have been perceived by regular citizens and have translated into electoral competition. We find that Ghana has adopted the most ambitious health reform strategy by designing and implementing the National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS). We also find that Ghana experienced greater improvements in skilled attendance at birth, childhood immunizations, and improvements in the proportion of children with diarrhea treated by oral rehydration therapy than the other countries since this policy was adopted. These changes also appear to be associated with important changes in health outcomes: both infant and under-five mortality rates declined rapidly since the introduction of the NHIS in Ghana. These improvements in health and health service delivery have also been observed by citizens with a greater proportion of Ghanaians reporting satisfaction with government handling of health service delivery relative to either Kenya or Senegal. We argue that the democratization process can promote the adoption of particular health policies and that this is an important mechanism through which democracy can improve health.
    [Show full text]
  • Unity-Progress-Justice” Burkina Faso
    Burkina Faso Unity-Progress-Justice” The official flag of Burkina Faso The rural countryside Woman in Ouagadougou, the capital of Burkina Faso 1 Location and Geography Burkina Faso is a landlocked country in West Africa and is around 274,200 square kilometres in size. It is surrounded by six other nations: Mali to the north, Niger to the east, Benin to the southeast, Togo and Ghana to the south, and the Ivory Coast to the southwest. As of 2014, it had an estimated population of 17.3 million people. It is home to 42 people per square kilometer. The capital of Burkina Faso is Ouagadougou. This country is made up of two types of land. Majority of the country is covered by a peneplain, with a few isolated hills. However, the southwest of the country is the opposite. It forms a sandstone massif and houses the highest peak in Burkina Faso—Mount Tenakourou. At an elevation of 749 meters (or 2,457 ft), Mount Tenakourou stands out in the relatively flat country which averages an altitude of 400 meters. Mount Tenakourou The country we know as Burkina Faso was formerly known as the Republic of Upper Volta up until 1984. It owes its former name to the three rivers which run across it. The Black Volta, the White Volta, and the Red Volta. The Black Volta is one of only two rivers which flows year round and is a primary source of water to many animals, and sadly, people. Natives canoeing in the Black Volta Location of Burkina Faso 2 Climate and Environment Burkina Faso has a primarily tropical climate but has two very distinct seasons—the rainy season and the dry season.
    [Show full text]
  • Entanglements of Modernity, Colonialism and Genocide Burundi and Rwanda in Historical-Sociological Perspective
    UNIVERSITY OF LEEDS Entanglements of Modernity, Colonialism and Genocide Burundi and Rwanda in Historical-Sociological Perspective Jack Dominic Palmer University of Leeds School of Sociology and Social Policy January 2017 Submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy ii The candidate confirms that the work submitted is their own and that appropriate credit has been given where reference has been made to the work of others. This copy has been supplied on the understanding that it is copyright material and that no quotation from the thesis may be published without proper acknowledgement. ©2017 The University of Leeds and Jack Dominic Palmer. The right of Jack Dominic Palmer to be identified as Author of this work has been asserted by Jack Dominic Palmer in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would firstly like to thank Dr Mark Davis and Dr Tom Campbell. The quality of their guidance, insight and friendship has been a huge source of support and has helped me through tough periods in which my motivation and enthusiasm for the project were tested to their limits. I drew great inspiration from the insightful and constructive critical comments and recommendations of Dr Shirley Tate and Dr Austin Harrington when the thesis was at the upgrade stage, and I am also grateful for generous follow-up discussions with the latter. I am very appreciative of the staff members in SSP with whom I have worked closely in my teaching capacities, as well as of the staff in the office who do such a great job at holding the department together.
    [Show full text]
  • Increasing Agricultural Food Production Through Selected Tree Planting Techniques
    INCREASING AGRICULTURAL FOOD PRODUCTION THROUGH SELECTED TREE PLANTING TECHNIQUES A Summary Memorandum with Selected References By Frances A. Gulick, Consultant Office of Technical Resources Bureau for Africa U.S. Agency for International Development Washington, D. C. March 10, 1984 This memorandum and collation of selected references has been pre­ pared for use by US and other tech­ nicians interested in quantifying the contribution which selected tree pianting practices can make to the problem of increasing agricul­ tural food crop production in sub- Saharan Africa. Table of Contents Page Background The Link Between Tree Planting and Food Crop Production 2. Actions Proposed 3 Annex I: List of Studies Reporting Quant-itative Crop Yields Related to Intercropping with Selected Tree Species 5 Annex II: Preliminary List of Possible Sites for Testing Comparative Crop Yields with and Without Selective Tree Planting and Contact References 7 Annex III: Selected References 1. Els Bognetteau-Verlinden, Study on Impact of Windbreaks in Majjia Valley, Niger, February 1980, 77 pp plus annexes. (Excerpts) 13 2. Peter Felker, State of the Art: Acacia Albida as a Complementary Permanent Intercrop with Annual. Crops, April 1978 (Grant No. AID/afr-C-1361) University of California, Riverside, California, 133 pp. (Excerpts) 43 3. Direction des Eaux et Forets, Republ'c of Upper Volta. Secteur de Restauation de Sols de Ouahigouya, 1965, 25 pp. 71 4. Peter Wright, Projet Agro For estier (OXFAM): Rapport de Fin de Campagne 1982 at Yatenga, Haute Volta, March 1983, 24 pp. with tables. 107 5. J. B. Raintree, Bioeconornic Considerations in the Design of Aroforestry Intecropping Systems, International Council for Research in Agroforestry, Nairobi, Kenya, 18 pp.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 the Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training Foreign Affairs Oral History Project DAVID HAMILTON SHINN Interviewed
    The Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training Foreign Affairs Oral History Project DAVID HAMILTON SHINN Interviewed by: Charles Stuart Kennedy Initial interview date: July 5, 2002 Copyright 2004 A ST TABLE OF CONTENTS Background Born and raised in akima, Washington George Washington University Entered Foreign Service - 1964 American Foreign Service Association [AFSA, Beirut, -e.anon - Rotation Officer 1964-1966 0onsular 1ork Environment State Department - FS2 - S1ahili -anguage Training 1966-1963 Nairo.i, 5enya - Political Officer 1963-1968 Seychelles U.S. naval visits 85ikuyu domination9 Environment British Ethnicities North1estern University - African Studies 1968-1969 State Department - East African Affairs 1969-1931 Ethiopia Eritrea State Department - East African Affairs - Tan:ania-Uganda Desk Officer 1931-1932 American assassinated Dar es Salaam, Tan:ania - Political Officer 1932-1934 Relations 1 Economy 0hinese Nouakchott, Mauritania - D0M 1934-1936 Polisario French Environment Seattle, Washington - Pearson Program 1936-19?? Municipal policy planning State Department - State and Municipal Governments -iaison 19??-1981 aounde, 0ameroon - D0M 1981-1983 0had border N?Djamena, 0had - TD - 0harge d?affaires 198? President Ha.re Security Mala.o, Equatorial Guinea aounde, 0ameroon Acontinued) 1981-1983 Am.assador Hume Horan Anglo vs. French relations 5hartoum, Sudan - D0M 1983-1986 USA2D Relations Nimeiri Southern Sudan Neigh.or policies Falasha transit 0oup U.S. interests British Security State Department - Senior Seminar 1986-1983
    [Show full text]
  • The Iran Nuclear Deal: What You Need to Know About the Jcpoa
    THE IRAN NUCLEAR DEAL: WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW ABOUT THE JCPOA wh.gov/iran-deal What You Need to Know: JCPOA Packet The Details of the JCPOA • FAQs: All the Answers on JCPOA • JCPOA Exceeds WINEP Benchmarks • Timely Access to Iran’s Nuclear Program • JCPOA Meeting (and Exceeding) the Lausanne Framework • JCPOA Does Not Simply Delay an Iranian Nuclear Weapon • Tools to Counter Iranian Missile and Arms Activity • Sanctions That Remain In Place Under the JCPOA • Sanctions Relief — Countering Iran’s Regional Activities What They’re Saying About the JCPOA • National Security Experts and Former Officials • Regional Editorials: State by State • What the World is Saying About the JCPOA Letters and Statements of Support • Iran Project Letter • Letter from former Diplomats — including five former Ambassadors to Israel • Over 100 Ambassador letter to POTUS • US Conference of Catholic Bishops Letter • Atlantic Council Iran Task Force Statement Appendix • Statement by the President on Iran • SFRC Hearing Testimony, SEC Kerry July 14, 2015 July 23, 2015 • Key Excerpts of the JCPOA • SFRC Hearing Testimony, SEC Lew July 23, 2015 • Secretary Kerry Press Availability on Nuclear Deal with Iran • SFRC Hearing Testimony, SEC Moniz July 14, 2015 July 23, 2015 • Secretary Kerry and Secretary Moniz • SASC Hearing Testimony, SEC Carter Washington Post op-ed July 29, 2015 July 22, 2015 THE DETAILS OF THE JCPOA After 20 months of intensive negotiations, the U.S. and our international partners have reached an historic deal that will verifiably prevent Iran from obtaining a nuclear weapon. The United States refused to take a bad deal, pressing for a deal that met every single one of our bottom lines.
    [Show full text]
  • LETTER to G20, IMF, WORLD BANK, REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT BANKS and NATIONAL GOVERNMENTS
    LETTER TO G20, IMF, WORLD BANK, REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT BANKS and NATIONAL GOVERNMENTS We write to call for urgent action to address the global education emergency triggered by Covid-19. With over 1 billion children still out of school because of the lockdown, there is now a real and present danger that the public health crisis will create a COVID generation who lose out on schooling and whose opportunities are permanently damaged. While the more fortunate have had access to alternatives, the world’s poorest children have been locked out of learning, denied internet access, and with the loss of free school meals - once a lifeline for 300 million boys and girls – hunger has grown. An immediate concern, as we bring the lockdown to an end, is the fate of an estimated 30 million children who according to UNESCO may never return to school. For these, the world’s least advantaged children, education is often the only escape from poverty - a route that is in danger of closing. Many of these children are adolescent girls for whom being in school is the best defence against forced marriage and the best hope for a life of expanded opportunity. Many more are young children who risk being forced into exploitative and dangerous labour. And because education is linked to progress in virtually every area of human development – from child survival to maternal health, gender equality, job creation and inclusive economic growth – the education emergency will undermine the prospects for achieving all our 2030 Sustainable Development Goals and potentially set back progress on gender equity by years.
    [Show full text]
  • Conflict Prevention in the Greater Horn of Africa
    UNITED STATES INSTITUTE OF PEACE Simulation on Conflict Prevention in the Greater Horn of Africa This simulation, while focused around the Ethiopia-Eritrea border conflict, is not an attempt to resolve that conflict: the Organisation of African Unity (OAU) already has a peace plan on the table to which the two parties in conflict have essentially agreed. Rather, participants are asked, in their roles as representatives of OAU member states, to devise a blueprint for preventing the Ethiopian-Eritrean conflict from spreading into neighboring countries and consuming the region in even greater violence. The conflict, a great concern particularly for Somalia and Sudan where civil wars have raged for years, has thrown regional alliances into confusion and is increasingly putting pressure on humanitarian NGOs and other regional parties to contain the conflict. The wars in the Horn of Africa have caused untold death and misery over the past few decades. Simulation participants are asked as well to deal with the many refugees and internally displaced persons in the Horn of Africa, a humanitarian crisis that strains the economies – and the political relations - of the countries in the region. In their roles as OAU representatives, participants in this intricate simulation witness first-hand the tremendous challenge of trying to obtain consensus among multiple actors with often competing agendas on the tools of conflict prevention. Simulation on Conflict Prevention in the Greater Horn of Africa Simulation on Conflict Prevention in the Greater Horn
    [Show full text]
  • The Catholic Understanding of Human Rights and the Catholic Church in Burundi
    Human Rights as Means for Peace : the Catholic Understanding of Human Rights and the Catholic Church in Burundi Author: Fidele Ingiyimbere Persistent link: http://hdl.handle.net/2345/2475 This work is posted on eScholarship@BC, Boston College University Libraries. Boston College Electronic Thesis or Dissertation, 2011 Copyright is held by the author, with all rights reserved, unless otherwise noted. BOSTON COLLEGE-SCHOOL OF THEOLOGY AND MINISTY S.T.L THESIS Human Rights as Means for Peace The Catholic Understanding of Human Rights and the Catholic Church in Burundi By Fidèle INGIYIMBERE, S.J. Director: Prof David HOLLENBACH, S.J. Reader: Prof Thomas MASSARO, S.J. February 10, 2011. 1 Contents Contents ...................................................................................................................................... 0 General Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 2 CHAP. I. SETTING THE SCENE IN BURUNDI ......................................................................... 8 I.1. Historical and Ecclesial Context........................................................................................... 8 I.2. 1972: A Controversial Period ............................................................................................. 15 I.3. 1983-1987: A Church-State Conflict .................................................................................. 22 I.4. 1993-2005: The Long Years of Tears................................................................................
    [Show full text]