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Upper Volta/Burkina Faso Country Reader Table Of UPPER VOLTA/BURKINA FASO COUNTRY READER TABLE OF CONTENTS Parke D. Massey 1957-1958 Consul, Abidjan, Ivory Coast homas S. Estes 1961-1966 Ambassador, Upper (olta )alter J. Sherwin 1965-1967 USAID ,perations ,ffi.er, ,ugadougou ,wen ). 0oberts 1965-1968 Deputy Chief of Mission, ,ugadougou Elliott Per.ival Skinner 1966-1969 Ambassador, Upper (olta Allen C. Davis 1968-1971 Deputy Chief of Mission, ,ugadougou 2awren.e 2esser 1969-1971 E.onomi.3Commer.ial ,ffi.er, ,ugadougou )illiam E. S.haufele, Jr. 1969-1971 Ambassador, Upper (olta Donald 4. Easum 1971-1975 Ambassador, Upper (olta homas D. 4oyatt 1978-1981 Ambassador, Upper (olta 0obert S. 6igler 1982 Program ,ffi.er, USAID, ,ugadougou Julius ). )alker, Jr. 1988-1985 Ambassador, Upper (olta Joy.e E. 2eader 1988-1985 Politi.al3E.onomi. ,ffi.er, ,uagadougou 2eonardo Neher 1985-1987 Ambassador, 4urkina :aso Charles H. wining 1985-1988 Deputy Chief of Mission, ,ugadougou David Hamilton Shinn 1987-1991 Ambassador, 4urkina :aso 0obert M. 4ee.rodt 1988-1991 Deputy Chief of Mission, ,uagadougou Edward 4rynn 1991-1998 Ambassador, 4urkina :aso PARKE D. MASSEY Consul Abidj n, Ivory Co st (1957-195,- Parke D. Massey was born in New York in 1920. He graduated from Haverford Co ege with a B.A. and Harvard University with an M.P.A. He a so served in the U.S. Army from 1942 to 1946 overseas. After entering the Foreign Service in 1947, Mr. Massey was posted in Me-ico City, .enoa, Abid/an, and .ermany. 0hi e in USA1D, he was posted in Nicaragua, Panama, Bo ivia, Chi e, Haiti, and Uruguay. Mr. Massey was interviewed by Morris 0eis2 in 1992. MASSEY: :rom then I was transferred after a brief period in )ashington for training to Abidjan, Ivory Coast, as the Ameri.an Consul where I opened the first Ameri.an Consulate in the Ivory Coast and was responsible for the Ivory Coast and what was then Upper (olta, now 4urkina :aso. heoreti.ally be.ause that was still a :ren.h .olony I was a..redited to :ran.e and my boss was the Ameri.an Ambassador in Paris. o the best of my knowledge, he was totally unaware of my existen.e and I did nothing whatsoever to .hange that situation. Q: You reported direct y to 0ashington without going through Paris3 MASSEY: I reported dire.tly to )ashington with a .opy to Dakar and a .opy to Paris but without having to go through them and without them having any .ontrol over the .ontent of my reporting. In other words, I was a small, independent mission. hree people. Q: This wou d have been in the ear y 1960s3 MASSEY: No, this was the late 1951s, 1957 to 1958 approximately. T.OMAS S. ESTES Amb ss dor Upper Volt (1921-1922- Thomas Estes was posted to .reece, 0ashington, DC, and the Upper 6o ta as a Foreign Service officer. He was interviewed in 1988 by Ambassador Dwight Dickinson. Q: Abso ute y. 0e , Tom, did this administrative e-perience, as Deputy Assistant Secretary for 8perations, ead in some way to you being appointed to Upper 6o ta3 ES ES: ,h, I suppose it must have. I'd been assigned to the Senior Seminar in :oreign Poli.y-- the third one. It is something else now--the Exe.utive Seminar, I think. Mr. Carpenter, my immediate boss, had left the Department but had re.ommended me for that training before he resigned. I wel.omed it be.ause I wanted some kind of training on my re.ord while I was in the Department for the third time. It would be my last .han.e be.ause I had just been promoted to Class I. 0ight in the middle of my studies John Jova, who later would be Ambassador to the ,AS--,rganiAation of Ameri.an States, and to Mexi.o, telephoned me to say that I had to take a :ren.h examination. I was outraged. I told him I hadn't been asked to take a test in :ren.h sin.e my oral exams. He said, B om, don't ask Cuestions, just go take the damn examination.B I did but I was Cuite upset. I felt that I was being treated like a junior (i.e Consul. After I took the exam, Aaron 4rown... Q: You sound upset now9 ES ES: )ell, I was. As I said, Aaron 4rown, then the Deputy Assistant Se.retary for Personnel, .alled me to his offi.e after I took the exam. He told me that the President had approved my nomination as Ambassador to Upper (olta. I suppose it was at least partly my re.ord as Deputy Assistant Se.retary and perhaps my wartime experien.e that may have led to it. I didn't ask Dhow .ome'--I just expressed my appre.iation. Q: 0e , Tom, you were in Upper 6o ta for five years. 1 remember thinking that you were the Permanent Ambassador to Upper 6o ta. How did you happen to stay so ong, and how did you find the time, given my be ief that our government isn:t very interested in 0est Africa3 It shou d be, but it isn:t. ES ES: I think part of it may have been the .lose personal relationship I established with the President of Upper (olta, Mauri.e Yameogo--its first president--and partly the Salk va..ine proje.t--or partly be.ause Upper (olta was anti- .ommunist and usually voted with the United States in the United Nations. It was seated between the US and the USS0 in the UN and Ambassador :rederi.k Euirma used to tell me he was seated between two giants. As I said, the Salk va..ine proje.t may have been a major fa.tor. he Minister of Health had asked if I .ould help obtain the new Salk va..ine that prevented measles and smallpox. He wanted to va..inate the .hildren of Upper (olta. About three out of five .hildren between the ages of 1 and 5 died every year during the B.oldB season FNovember-January when night temperatures went down to 51 degrees :.). hey would be weakened by the measles or smallpox and then .at.h pneumonia or some other fatal illness. Q: But it a so was a Sa k3 ES ES: Dr. Salk also developed the polio va..ine and then this one whi.h had been used su..essfully in the US Naturally, I .onsulted with the Department whi.h let me know it would be my de.ision if the va..ine were to be used in Upper (olta. After .onsulting with experts from the )orld Health ,rganiAation, who agreed to undertake the proje.t if it were extended to all of Afri.a, I agreed provided that the teams doing the va..inations should in.lude (oltai., :ren.h and Ameri.an e.hni.ians. If the proje.t worked well in Upper (olta, the other Afri.an .ountries would wel.ome it. I wanted international representation, espe.ially the :ren.h. hey .ame and they used the then new air gun. I remember at the .eremony for the va..ination of the first .hild, President Yameogo said, BAmeri.a brings the only kind of guns we want in Afri.a.B About 811,111 .hildren were va..inated, as I remember it. )e had to send for more va..ine. he leftist press .alled me a poisoner of Afri.an babies and wrote that Afri.a didn't want Ameri.an poison. )e .ontinued the proje.t whi.h proved to be an outstanding su..ess--not a single .hild who had been va..inated died during the next .old season. :or the first time the government knew how many .hildren there were in the .ountry. It is interesting to re.all that a .ouple of years later (i.e President Nixon represented the US at a .eremony in Ehana marking the 2,511,111th Salk va..ination of a .hild. Nothing was said about that it was Upper (olta that started the program. oday smallpox and measles are almost unheard of anywhere in the world thanks to Dr. Salk--and Upper (olta. 0e.alling your .omment on another subje.t about the 0epubli. of China in the United Nations, the story of how Upper (olta .ame to re.ogniAe that .ountry may be of interest. here was no Chinese representation there then--neither mainland China nor aiwan. 4ut the 0epubli. of China sent a Charge, Mr. 4ernard Joei, and in spite of his best efforts, the president would not re.eive him. he Department instru.ted me to assist in any way possible to have the president re.ogniAe Mr. Joei. ,ur :ourth of July re.eption .ame along about that time and, of .ourse, the diplomati. .orps attended, in.luding Mr. Joei, and President Yameogo .ame. At an appropriate moment when I had the president alone, I asked Finno.ently) if he had met the Chinese Charge and be.koned to Mr. Joei to join us. he president gave me a dirty look but then he laughed and shook hands with the Charge. A few days later he was offi.ially re.ogniAed. It was good for Upper (olta whi.h re.eived a great deal of aid-- ri.e planters, medi.al supplies and, I have reason to believe, some dire.t finan.ial assistan.e. Q: 0e , Tom, you know something3 You and I are o d friends, as I said, I think, in my introduction.
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