DOCSLIB.ORG

Entanglements of Modernity, Colonialism and Genocide Burundi and Rwanda in Historical-Sociological Perspective

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Entanglements of Modernity, Colonialism and Genocide Burundi and Rwanda in Historical-Sociological Perspective UNIVERSITY OF LEEDS Entanglements of Modernity, Colonialism and Genocide Burundi and Rwanda in Historical-Sociological Perspective Jack Dominic Palmer University of Leeds School of Sociology and Social Policy January 2017 Submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy ii The candidate confirms that the work submitted is their own and that appropriate credit has been given where reference has been made to the work of others. This copy has been supplied on the understanding that it is copyright material and that no quotation from the thesis may be published without proper acknowledgement. ©2017 The University of Leeds and Jack Dominic Palmer. The right of Jack Dominic Palmer to be identified as Author of this work has been asserted by Jack Dominic Palmer in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would firstly like to thank Dr Mark Davis and Dr Tom Campbell. The quality of their guidance, insight and friendship has been a huge source of support and has helped me through tough periods in which my motivation and enthusiasm for the project were tested to their limits. I drew great inspiration from the insightful and constructive critical comments and recommendations of Dr Shirley Tate and Dr Austin Harrington when the thesis was at the upgrade stage, and I am also grateful for generous follow-up discussions with the latter. I am very appreciative of the staff members in SSP with whom I have worked closely in my teaching capacities, as well as of the staff in the office who do such a great job at holding the department together. I would also like to say a huge thanks to my friends Emma Bimpson, Ben Hirst, Robert Lee, Emily Maddox and Jenny Read for their companionship, humour and support. There are things I won’t miss about doing a PhD but I will certainly miss seeing you all regularly. As ever, I am grateful for the unconditional love and support of my family in the South: Mum, Dad, Luke, Holly, Tegan, Tasmin and the newest addition, Aurelia. I am grateful too to my surrogate West Yorkshire family, the Stokoes. I am also extremely thankful to Muhammad Sajjad, whose kindness and dignity in spite of everything he’s been through have been sobering and inspiring. I am very grateful that mine and Jean-Marie Ninziza’s biographies became entangled here in Leeds, and that he traced his so candidly on an unforgettable trip around Burundi in 2013. I thank him and Joy for their hospitality, and all who greeted and hosted us so warmly. I also thank JM for his intelligent and engaging conversation, which has had a profound bearing on the direction of this project - agashingura cumu! Finally, I am more appreciative than words can express for the love, support and intellect of my partner, Yoshiko. She has grounded me in my flighty moments and pulled me out of pits of despair. This thesis is dedicated to her. iv ABSTRACT This thesis explores two lines of critique of social theories of modernity by way of a historical sociological analysis of Burundi and Rwanda. Firstly, it engages with arguments about the Euro-/Western-centric assumptions which are suggested to have underpinned many conceptualisations of modernity. Secondly, it considers the notion that the processes of modernity move gradually, if precariously, towards more peaceable forms of cohabitation within and between societies. In doing so, it draws on and develops the theoretical framework of entanglement, which emphasises the existence of a variety of intertwined historical routes to and through modernity. Central to the analysis is a critique of both the idea that modernity entails a progressive ‘detraditionalisation’ or destruction of traditional societal forms, and the idea that tradition provides a repository of cultural resources upon which are founded distinct, plural ‘modernities’. In the case of Burundi and Rwanda, I argue that colonial modernity, in its indirect rule format, in important respects ‘solidified’ tradition in racial terms. In the transition to independence, the colonial legacy both enabled and delimited autonomous societal self- understandings and political movements. In the postcolonial period, the tension between the modern commitment to autonomy on the one hand and seemingly traditional legacies on the other has been realised in profoundly destructive and violent ways. I conclude that the historical experiences of extremely violent social conflict in Burundi and Rwanda are situated within a specific route to and through modernity. The original contribution of the thesis is twofold. Firstly, it presents a new substantive case study to the analysis of non-Western experiences and interpretations of modernity. Secondly, in doing so, it offers a theoretical contribution to debates concerning the multiplicity of modernity which have arisen principally in the paradigm of ‘multiple modernities’ and postcolonial sociology. v Contents Acknowledgements ........................................................................................................................ iii Abstract .......................................................................................................................................... iv Glossary of terms and acronyms ................................................................................................... vii PART ONE ............................................................................................................................................. 1 CHAPTER ONE – INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................... 1 Original Contribution ...................................................................................................................... 2 Audience ......................................................................................................................................... 4 Why Burundi and Rwanda? ............................................................................................................ 5 Research Questions ......................................................................................................................... 9 Structure of the Thesis .................................................................................................................... 9 Chapter Synopsis .......................................................................................................................... 11 CHAPTER TWO – GENOCIDE AND COLONIALISM: PRELIMINARY CONCEPTUAL AND DEFINITIONAL PROBLEMS......................................................................................................... 15 Genocide ....................................................................................................................................... 15 Colonialism ................................................................................................................................... 34 Genocide and Colonialism ............................................................................................................ 42 CHAPTER THREE – THEORISING THE MULTIPLICITY OF MODERNITY: TOWARDS ENTANGLED HISTORICAL ROUTES TO AND THROUGH MODERNITY ............................ 48 Modernity, Modernisation, Modern Society ................................................................................. 49 Modernity, Colonialism and Eurocentrism ................................................................................... 52 Modernity as a Time-Orientation .................................................................................................. 55 Multiple Modernities .................................................................................................................... 59 Entangled Historical Routes to and through Modernity ............................................................... 68 CHAPTER FOUR – UNDERSTANDING ENTANGLEMENTS: HERMENEUTICS, HISTORICAL SOCIOLOGY, AND METHOD .............................................................................. 82 Problems of Global and Historical Understanding ....................................................................... 83 Philosophical Hermeneutics, Historical Sociology and Area Studies ........................................... 86 Using Primary and Secondary Documentary Sources .................................................................. 98 Limitations, Reflexivity and Ethics ............................................................................................ 105 PART TWO ........................................................................................................................................ 108 CHAPTER FIVE – PRECOLONIAL BURUNDI AND RWANDA: A HISTORICAL SURVEY ........................................................................................................................................................ 108 The Great Lakes Region ............................................................................................................. 110 Rwanda ....................................................................................................................................... 115 Burundi ....................................................................................................................................... 124 Intermediate Reflections ............................................................................................................. 129 vi CHAPTER SIX – THE COLONIAL ENTANGLEMENT,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • A Matter of Comparison: the Holocaust, Genocides and Crimes Against Humanity an Analysis and Overview of Comparative Literature and Programs
    O C A U H O L S T L E A C N O N I T A A I N R L E T L N I A R E E M C E M B R A N A Matter Of Comparison: The Holocaust, Genocides and Crimes Against Humanity An Analysis And Overview Of Comparative Literature and Programs Koen Kluessien & Carse Ramos December 2018 International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance A Matter of Comparison About the IHRA The International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance (IHRA) is an intergovernmental body whose purpose is to place political and social leaders’ support behind the need for Holocaust education, remembrance and research both nationally and internationally. The IHRA (formerly the Task Force for International Cooperation on Holocaust Education, Remembrance and Research, or ITF) was initiated in 1998 by former Swedish Prime Minister Göran Persson. Persson decided to establish an international organisation that would expand Holocaust education worldwide, and asked former president Bill Clinton and former British prime minister Tony Blair to join him in this effort. Persson also developed the idea of an international forum of governments interested in discussing Holocaust education, which took place in Stockholm between 27–29 January 2000. The Forum was attended by the representatives of 46 governments including; 23 Heads of State or Prime Ministers and 14 Deputy Prime Ministers or Ministers. The Declaration of the Stockholm International Forum on the Holocaust was the outcome of the Forum’s deliberations and is the foundation of the International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance. The IHRA currently has 31 Member Countries, 10 Observer Countries and seven Permanent International Partners.
    [Show full text]
  • Christians and Jews in Muslim Societies
    Arabic and its Alternatives Christians and Jews in Muslim Societies Editorial Board Phillip Ackerman-Lieberman (Vanderbilt University, Nashville, USA) Bernard Heyberger (EHESS, Paris, France) VOLUME 5 The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/cjms Arabic and its Alternatives Religious Minorities and Their Languages in the Emerging Nation States of the Middle East (1920–1950) Edited by Heleen Murre-van den Berg Karène Sanchez Summerer Tijmen C. Baarda LEIDEN | BOSTON Cover illustration: Assyrian School of Mosul, 1920s–1930s; courtesy Dr. Robin Beth Shamuel, Iraq. This is an open access title distributed under the terms of the CC BY-NC 4.0 license, which permits any non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided no alterations are made and the original author(s) and source are credited. Further information and the complete license text can be found at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ The terms of the CC license apply only to the original material. The use of material from other sources (indicated by a reference) such as diagrams, illustrations, photos and text samples may require further permission from the respective copyright holder. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Murre-van den Berg, H. L. (Hendrika Lena), 1964– illustrator. | Sanchez-Summerer, Karene, editor. | Baarda, Tijmen C., editor. Title: Arabic and its alternatives : religious minorities and their languages in the emerging nation states of the Middle East (1920–1950) / edited by Heleen Murre-van den Berg, Karène Sanchez, Tijmen C. Baarda. Description: Leiden ; Boston : Brill, 2020. | Series: Christians and Jews in Muslim societies, 2212–5523 ; vol.
    [Show full text]
  • The History of Modern Rwanda Through Photos
    The History of Modern Rwanda through Photos PHOTO LINKS WITH HISTORICAL DESCRIPTIONS DIRECTIONS: The photo URLs and accompanying historical descriptions listed below are the basis for the photo/ time line activity in The History of Modern Rwanda through Photos lesson plan. See Procedure 1 in the lesson plan for procedural options for student use of the photos/descriptions. 1. Ethnic Differentiation between Hutus and Tutsis, 1920’s http://modernhistoryproject2012.wordpress.com/history-of-hutu-tutsi-relations/ (First illustration, right side) The racist eugenics movement was popular in the United States and Europe in the 1920’s and 1930’s. It is this racism by European powers that influenced the interactions with Africans. Racism was the filter by which Bel- gian scientists, interested in understanding the nature of the relationship between the Hutu (75% majority) and the Tutsi (15-20% minority), measured heads, noses, skin color, height and body shape in an attempt to explain “scientifically” why the Tutsis were a “superior” tribe. The Belgian scientists concluded after their “re- search” that the Tutsis had European features, and this explained why they held the power despite being in the minority. This process brought institutional racism into Rwanda. 2. Tutsis Fled Ethnic Violence After Independence, 1959-1962 http://bengal.missouri.edu/~smwgz8/history.htm (Second image, first photo on page) Tutsis fled Rwanda after the Hutus rose to power and the resulting violence between the two groups when the Tutsi-led monarchy was overthrown. Over 150,000 Tutsis fled the country to Uganda and Burun- di, and those remaining in Rwanda were barred from political office after the 1962 constitution.
    [Show full text]
  • Accepting the End of My Existence: Why the Tutsis Did Not Respond More Forcefully During the Rwandan Genocide
    The Alexandrian II, no. 1 (2013) Accepting the End of my Existence: Why the Tutsis Did Not Respond More Forcefully during the Rwandan Genocide Theo M. Moore On April 6, 1994, in Rwanda, one of the most horrific events in human history took place, known as the Rwandan Genocide. This act of violence was planned and carried out by Hutu extremist with an objective to exterminate all Tutsis. The Hutu motives behind this act of violence dates back to the nineteenth century when the Tutsis ruled over Rwanda. Under Tutsi rule, the Hutu claimed to have been mistreated by the Tutsi. The conflict between the two ethnic groups would escalate when Europeans began colonizing countries in Africa. In 1916, under Belgium occupation of Rwanda, the Belgians supported the Tutsis until they began pursuing an attempt to become independent. In result, the Belgians began supporting the Hutu to assist them in overthrowing Tutsi rule. In the early 1960s, The Hutus came to power and used drastic measures to sustain their power. Throughout the Hutu reign, they displayed ominous signs of a possible genocide against the Tutsi. However, the Tutsi gave a minimum effort of resistance toward the Hutus. This paper questions why there was a limited effort of response from the Tutsi in the Rwandan Genocide in 1994.The goal is to answer the question with evidence to support reasons why the Tutsis did not respond effectively. Genocide is an effort to directly kill a group of people or indirectly by creating conditions such as starvation and rape.1 The majority of genocides consist of destroying national, ethnic, or religious groups.
    [Show full text]
  • The Rwanda Catastrophe : Its Actual Root-Cause and Remedies to Pre
    The International Centre for Le Centre International pour les Peace and Conflict Reconciliation Initiatives de Paix et de Initiative for Africa Résolution des Conflits en Afrique (ICPCRIA) (ICPCRIA) THE RWANDA CATASTROPHE: Its Actual Root-Cause and Remedies to Pre-Empt a Similar Situation in Rwanda , 1 A MEMORANDUM Submitted to: H.E. DR. BOUTROS BOUTROS - GHALI SECRETARY-GENERAL THE UNITED NATIONS ORGANIZATION NEW YORK H.E. DR. SALIM A. SALIM SECRETARY-GENERAL T HE ORGANIZATION OF AFRICAN UNITY ADDIS ABABA H.E. CHIEF EMEKA ANYAOKU SECRETARY-GENERAL THE COM MONWEALTH SECRETARIAT LONDON AND Other World Leaders: HEADS OF STATE And HEADS OF INTERNATIONAL NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS WITH INTEREST IN PEACE AND HUMAN RIGHTS FOR NATIONAL RECONCILIATION AND RECOVERY IN RWANDA BY The International Centre for Peace and Conflict Reconciliation Initiative for Africa (ICPCRIA), P.O. Box 47288, Tel. Nos.565366, Fax No. 214127, Nairobi. Prof. Agola Auma-Osolo PRESIDENT/ICPCRIA 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS PREAMBLE PAGE CHAPTER ONE: PURPOSE AND METHODOLOGY OF THE MEMORANDUM.............................................6 I. PURPOSE .....................................................................................................................................................6 II. METHODOLOGY........................................................................................................................................6 CHAPTER TWO: IS THE RWANDA CATASTROPHE ALSO GENOCIDE?......................................................8 I. GENOCIDE DEFINED................................................................................................................................8
    [Show full text]
  • Understanding African Armies
    REPORT Nº 27 — April 2016 Understanding African armies RAPPORTEURS David Chuter Florence Gaub WITH CONTRIBUTIONS FROM Taynja Abdel Baghy, Aline Leboeuf, José Luengo-Cabrera, Jérôme Spinoza Reports European Union Institute for Security Studies EU Institute for Security Studies 100, avenue de Suffren 75015 Paris http://www.iss.europa.eu Director: Antonio Missiroli © EU Institute for Security Studies, 2016. Reproduction is authorised, provided the source is acknowledged, save where otherwise stated. Print ISBN 978-92-9198-482-4 ISSN 1830-9747 doi:10.2815/97283 QN-AF-16-003-EN-C PDF ISBN 978-92-9198-483-1 ISSN 2363-264X doi:10.2815/088701 QN-AF-16-003-EN-N Published by the EU Institute for Security Studies and printed in France by Jouve. Graphic design by Metropolis, Lisbon. Maps: Léonie Schlosser; António Dias (Metropolis). Cover photograph: Kenyan army soldier Nicholas Munyanya. Credit: Ben Curtis/AP/SIPA CONTENTS Foreword 5 Antonio Missiroli I. Introduction: history and origins 9 II. The business of war: capacities and conflicts 15 III. The business of politics: coups and people 25 IV. Current and future challenges 37 V. Food for thought 41 Annexes 45 Tables 46 List of references 65 Abbreviations 69 Notes on the contributors 71 ISSReportNo.27 List of maps Figure 1: Peace missions in Africa 8 Figure 2: Independence of African States 11 Figure 3: Overview of countries and their armed forces 14 Figure 4: A history of external influences in Africa 17 Figure 5: Armed conflicts involving African armies 20 Figure 6: Global peace index 22 Figure
    [Show full text]
  • |||GET||| Genocide a World History 1St Edition
    GENOCIDE A WORLD HISTORY 1ST EDITION DOWNLOAD FREE Norman M Naimark | 9780199765270 | | | | | War & genocide : a concise history of the Holocaust Japan's native people, the Ainu, have, however, been the object of a particularly cruel hoax, because the Japanese have refused to accept them officially as a separate minority people. The act was amended with the Egyptians Actwhich directed that they abandon their "naughty, idle and ungodly life and company" and adopt a settled lifestyle. You're Genocide A World History 1st edition creating it. Raphael Lemkin referred to the Albigensian Crusade as "one of the most conclusive cases of genocide in religious history". On 6 June the Cambodian government and the United Nations reached an agreement to set up the Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia ECCCwhich would focus exclusively on crimes committed by the most senior Khmer Rouge officials during the period of Khmer Rouge rule from to Under General Roca, the Conquest of the Desert extended Argentine power into Genocide A World History 1st edition and ended the possibility of Chilean expansion there. International offences such as the crimes against humanity and war crimes that have been committed in Darfur may be no less serious and heinous than genocide. Peter Robinson: The historical monuments. The Economist. Return to Russia. Why do people seek to exterminate other cultures and Any and all aid and food was prohibited from entering the Ukrainian republic. Super Express. Research by Pavel Polian from Russian Academy of Sciences on the subject of forced migrations in Russia shows that more than 45, Cossacks were deported from the Terek province to Ukraine.
    [Show full text]
  • [Sample B: Approval/Signature Sheet]
    GRASS-ROOTSPATHS TN THE LAl'lD OF ONE THOUSAND HILLS: WHAT RWANDANS ARE DOING TO TAKEPEACEBUILDING AND GENOCIDE PREVENTION It"TO THEIR OWN I-lANDS AND ITS IMPACT ON CONCEPTS OF SELF AND OTHER by Beth Robin Mandel AThesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of George Mason University in Partial Fulfillment of The Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts Anthropology Director Department Chairperson Dean, College of Humanities and Social Sciences Date: Summer Semester 2014 George Mason University Fairfax, VA Grass-roots Paths in the Land of One Thousand Hills: What Rwandans are Doing to Take Peacebuilding and Genocide Prevention into Their Own Hands and Its Impact on Concepts of Self and Other A Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts at George Mason University By Beth Robin Mandel Graduate Certificate George Mason University, 2009 Bachelor of Arts George Washington University, 1992 Director: Jeffrey Mantz, Professor Department of Sociology and Anthropology Summer Semester 2014 George Mason University Fairfax, VA Copyright 2014 Beth Robin Mandel All Rights Reserved ii DEDICATION I have never been a fan of dedications, but I almost always read them as it provides a chance to glimpse something personal about the author. As for me… the people I love the most –who also loved me dearly, who would have done anything for me, and who influenced my life in the most profound ways –are no longer living in this world. What I owe to my grandparents and my parents as positive influences in my life is immense, and dedicating this unfinished work to them seems insufficient.
    [Show full text]
  • Genocide and Media
    Genocide and Media A presentation to the Summer Program on Genocide and Reconstruction, organized by the Interdisciplinary Genocide Studies Center (IGSC) from 24 to 30 June 2013. CNLG, 26/06/2013. By Privat Rutazibwa1 Introduction I have been requested to make a presentation on Genocide and media. The topic is a bit broad and a number of aspects could be discussed under it. These aspects include: - The role of Rwandan media during the 1994 genocide against the Tutsi. The infamous contribution of RTLM, Kangura and other hate media to the 1994 genocide against the Tutsi has been widely commented on by authoritative authors and other scholars. Jean-Pierre Chrétien (sous la direction de) (1995). Rwanda. Les Medias du Génocide, Paris : Karthala, is the main reference in this respect. - The role of foreign media during the 1994 genocide against the Tutsi in the form of lack of sufficient coverage is another interesting aspect of this topic. Allan Thompson (edited by) (2007). The media and the Rwanda Genocide, London: Pluto Press, highlights the negative impact of the “vacuum of information” by foreign media in the 1994 genocide in Rwanda. - The use of the “hate media” precedent as an excuse for media censorship by the post-genocide Rwandan government is another aspect of the topic mainly developed by Human rights and media freedom activists. Lars Waldorf, “Censorship and Propaganda in Post-Genocide Rwanda”, in Allan Thompson, op.cit., pp 404-416, is an illustration of that sub-topic. I will discuss none of these aspects, though they may appear of great interest; mainly because they have been widely discussed elsewhere.
    [Show full text]
  • Burundi: T Prospects for Peace • BURUNDI: PROSPECTS for PEACE an MRG INTERNATIONAL REPORT an MRG INTERNATIONAL
    Minority Rights Group International R E P O R Burundi: T Prospects for Peace • BURUNDI: PROSPECTS FOR PEACE AN MRG INTERNATIONAL REPORT AN MRG INTERNATIONAL BY FILIP REYNTJENS BURUNDI: Acknowledgements PROSPECTS FOR PEACE Minority Rights Group International (MRG) gratefully acknowledges the support of Trócaire and all the orga- Internally displaced © Minority Rights Group 2000 nizations and individuals who gave financial and other people. Child looking All rights reserved assistance for this Report. after his younger Material from this publication may be reproduced for teaching or other non- sibling. commercial purposes. No part of it may be reproduced in any form for com- This Report has been commissioned and is published by GIACOMO PIROZZI/PANOS PICTURES mercial purposes without the prior express permission of the copyright holders. MRG as a contribution to public understanding of the For further information please contact MRG. issue which forms its subject. The text and views of the A CIP catalogue record for this publication is available from the British Library. author do not necessarily represent, in every detail and in ISBN 1 897 693 53 2 all its aspects, the collective view of MRG. ISSN 0305 6252 Published November 2000 MRG is grateful to all the staff and independent expert Typeset by Texture readers who contributed to this Report, in particular Kat- Printed in the UK on bleach-free paper. rina Payne (Commissioning Editor) and Sophie Rich- mond (Reports Editor). THE AUTHOR Burundi: FILIP REYNTJENS teaches African Law and Politics at A specialist on the Great Lakes Region, Professor Reynt- the universities of Antwerp and Brussels.
    [Show full text]
  • A Critical Analysis of Presidential Term Limits in Africa: a Mixed-Methods Case Study of Causes of Political Violence in Burundi Foday Darboe [email protected]
    Nova Southeastern University NSUWorks Department of Conflict Resolution Studies Theses CAHSS Theses and Dissertations and Dissertations 1-1-2018 A Critical Analysis of Presidential Term Limits in Africa: A Mixed-Methods Case Study of Causes of Political Violence in Burundi Foday Darboe [email protected] This document is a product of extensive research conducted at the Nova Southeastern University College of Arts, Humanities, and Social Sciences. For more information on research and degree programs at the NSU College of Arts, Humanities, and Social Sciences, please click here. Follow this and additional works at: https://nsuworks.nova.edu/shss_dcar_etd Part of the Arts and Humanities Commons, and the Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons Share Feedback About This Item NSUWorks Citation Foday Darboe. 2018. A Critical Analysis of Presidential Term Limits in Africa: A Mixed-Methods Case Study of Causes of Political Violence in Burundi. Doctoral dissertation. Nova Southeastern University. Retrieved from NSUWorks, College of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences – Department of Conflict Resolution Studies. (108) https://nsuworks.nova.edu/shss_dcar_etd/108. This Dissertation is brought to you by the CAHSS Theses and Dissertations at NSUWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Department of Conflict Resolution Studies Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of NSUWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A Critical Analysis of Presidential Term Limits in Africa: A Mixed-Methods Case Study of Causes of Political Violence in Burundi by Foday Darboe A Dissertation Presented to the College of Arts, Humanities, and Social Sciences of Nova Southeastern University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Nova Southeastern University 2018 Copyright © by Foday Darboe June 2018 July 6th, 2018 Dedication This dissertation is dedicated to all the research participants in this study.
    [Show full text]
  • Trends and Changes Detection in Rainfall, Temperature and Wind Speed in Burundi Agnidé Emmanuel Lawin, Célestin Manirakiza and Batablinlè Lamboni
    852 © IWA Publishing 2019 Journal of Water and Climate Change | 10.4 | 2019 Trends and changes detection in rainfall, temperature and wind speed in Burundi Agnidé Emmanuel Lawin, Célestin Manirakiza and Batablinlè Lamboni ABSTRACT This paper assessed the potential impacts of trends detected in rainfall, temperature and wind speed Agnidé Emmanuel Lawin (corresponding author) Laboratory of Applied Hydrology, National Water on hydro and wind power resources in Burundi. Two climatic stations located at two contrasting Institute, University of Abomey-Calavi, regions, namely Rwegura catchment and northern Imbo plain, were considered. Rainfall, P.O. Box 2041, Calavi, temperature and wind speed observed data were considered for the period 1950–2014 and future Benin E-mail: [email protected] projection data from seven Regional Climate Models (RCMs) for the period 2021–2050 were used. Célestin Manirakiza The interannual variability analysis was made using standardized variables. Trends and rupture were Batablinlè Lamboni – – Institute of Mathematics and Physical Sciences, respectively detected through Mann Kendall and Pettitt non-parametric tests. Mann Whitney and University of Abomey-Calavi, Kolmogorov–Smirnov tests were considered as subseries comparison tests. The results showed a 01 BP 613, Porto-Novo, Benin downward trend of rainfall while temperature and wind speed revealed upward trends for the period 1950–2014. All models projected increases in temperature and wind speed compared to the baseline period 1981–2010. Five models forecasted an increase in rainfall at northern Imbo plain station while four models projected a decrease in rainfall at Rwegura station. November was forecasted by the ensemble mean model to slightly increase in rainfall for both stations.
    [Show full text]