Alon Musical Instruments
ÔÂÎÈ˙‰†Á¯ÊÓ‰†≠†‰È‚†ÈÏÎ Musical Instruments of the Middle East
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The Land of Israel, cradle of the three monotheistic SPECIAL CANCELLATION†Ï·‰†˙ÚÙ‰φÚ¯ȇ†˙Ó˙ÂÁ religions, has always been the cultural meeting point of the Middle East, and especially in the realm of music. Many instruments are mentioned in our Book of Books, the Bible, as is the effect music has on people, as expressed in Samuel I 16, 23: “Whenever the evil spirit of God came upon Saul, David would take the lyre and play it; Saul would find relief and feel better, and the evil spirit would leave him”. When David played the lyre, Saul’s mood improved. An entire symphonic orchestral ensemble is alluded to in the Book of Daniel 3, 5-6. Western music drew most of its instruments from Eastern culture, developing and enhancing them to suit its needs. Musical instruments faithfully represent different cultures and the music and technology of the societies in which Oud and Guitar they were created. The oud is the most typical Arab instrument, but its origins are unclear. In most cases it has five strings and Darbuka and Drum in ancient times was played with an eagle feather. Today Not only is the drum probably one of the most ancient a pick is used. The oud is monophonic. Arab music instruments, it is also one of the most common theoreticians used the oud to explain their music. instruments in the world and music presumably originated The guitar is very common in Western folk and artistic as rhythm, with tone being added later. The world of music. There are many different types of guitars and Arab rhythms is complex and rich, and the repertoire the number of strings varies, although six strings are changes from one Arab culture to the next. customary. This instrument is known by many names The darbuka is a cone shaped drum and it is the most and has been a part of Western culture since the Middle common percussion instrument in Arab music, appearing Ages. The guitar may be played polyphonically. from North Africa to the Middle East. There is no Middle Eastern music without the darbuka. It is the central Rabbaba and Violin instrument that “deepens” Eastern music and lends it These two instruments represent very different worlds, its depth and rhythm. The snare drum is part of the although similar in construction: both have a sound box, percussion section used in light and modern classic strings and a bow. The Rabbaba is very popular among Western music, including jazz, and it appears in many nomadic Arab tribes and Bedouin tribes living in Israel, modern Western works of music. and accompanies the telling of ancient stories of love and heroism. The violin is a central instrument in Western Zurna and Oboe music. The secret formula to its construction in the 17th The zurna is a customary wind instrument among Kurds and early 18th centuries was lost, but instruments from and Iraqis, and there are similar instruments in Bulgaria that period remain. The Western violin worked its way and China. Zurna players developed a long winded into Middle Eastern music as well, and is now considered technique in which they play for an extended period one of its leading instruments. without stopping to take a breath. The Western oboe is Dr. Avi Eilam Amzallag similar to the zurna, and some Western oboe players Senior Lecturer, Haifa University have also mastered this technique. Both instruments Among the founders of the Israeli Andalusian Orchestra, have a double reed that vibrates when played. The Ashdod and served as its conductor for ten years zurna, which may be found in Israel among Kurdish Jews, is usually accompanied by a large drum that hangs on the drummer’s body as he stands in the center of a circle of dancers. The combination of a wind Description of the Stamps instrument and a drum was also popular in Western The main theme in each of the five stamps is an ancient culture during the Middle Ages and it continues to be Eastern instrument accompanied by a modern Western so today in various types of European folk music. instrument whose roots may be traced back to that Eastern instrument. The stamp tabs and lower sections feature Oriental rugs Qanun and Piano from the Middle East and Central Asia. The qanun has 50-100 strings and is popular from India to northwest Africa. It is very commonly used in Turkish music and came to Egypt through Turkish influence. The qanun, which is considered to be a precursor to the Western piano, is incorporated into modern Arab music and is considered, along with the oud, to be a focal instrument. The piano reached its peak in Western music in the early 18th century and in the 19th and 20th centuries. Issue: June 2010 Design: Igal Gabai Stamp Size: 40 mm x 30 mm ∞∑∂≠∏∏∑≥π≥≥†∫ψ≠†È‡Ï·‰†˙Â¯È˘‰ Plate no: 793 (one phosphor bar) ∂∏∞≤±†ÂÙÈ≠·È·‡≠Ï˙†¨±≤†ÌÈÏ˘Â¯È†˙¯„˘ Sheet of 10 stamps The Israel Philatelic Service - Tel: 972-76-8873933 Tabs: 5 12 Sderot Yerushalayim, Tel-Aviv-Yafo 68021 Printers: Joh. Enschede, The Netherlands www.israelpost.co.il * e-mail: [email protected] Method of printing: Offset