INDEX

[In the alphabetic order q follows a, a follows e, c follows c, 1J follows n, s follows s, i follows z. In arranging words no distinction has been made between long and short vowels. Pahlavi anrllater forms are generally given in square brackets after the Avestan ones, ancl are entered separately only when there is a significant difference between the two.l Aban see Apas 273· A ban Niyayes 52; 271-2. Airyaman 56-7; his part at Fraso.kardaevas, 201; flees at the last day midnight, 124; under the guardianship of before the Saosyant, 283; the Arabs are the fravasis, 124, 259. of his seed, 288. Aka Manah 283. aethrapati [erbad, herbad] 12. Akhtya 161. Afrasiyab see FralJrasyan *Ala demon of purpureal fever, 87 n. 20. afrinagan an "outer" religious ceremony, Amahraspand see Amasa Spanta 168; legends connected with the offerings Amestris xog; 112. made at it, 281. amaratat ,..., Ved. amrtatva-, "long life" after-life pagan belief in it beneath the or "immortality" II5 n. 32. earth, xog-xo, II2, IIS; in Paradise, no- Amaratat [Amurdad] personification of 12; Zoroastrian beliefs, 235-42, 328. "Long Life" and "Immortality", one of the Agni identified with Apam Napat, 45-6; 7 great Amasa Spantas (q.v.), 203; dis­ the nature of his primary concept, 69-70. tributes essence of the first plant to all the Ahriman see Angra Mainyu earth, 138; guardian of plant creation, Ahuna vairya [Ahunvar] 260-1. 204; her relationship to it, 205-6; her ahura "lord" 23. relationship to man, 221; the yazatii Ahura used alone for *Vouruna Ap::tm Earth is her hamkiir, 267; her part at the Napat, q.v. miraculous conception of the prophet, ahuradata 49-50; 63. 278; respect for her incumbent while eat­ Ahura Mazda [Ohrmazd] the meaning of ing, 309, 315. his name, and his identity with the Asura amasa adjective, 1) "life-giving" 30 n. of the RV, 37-40; his position in the pagan 48; 2) "undying, immortal", one of the pantheon, 48-9, 50, 52-3; for Zoroaster the Indo-Iranian terms for a divine being, one uncreated Being worthy of worship, 23, 197· 19i ff.; chose asa, 193; anthropomorphi­ Amasa Spanta [Amahraspand, Amesas­ cally conceived, 198; constantly invoked pand] "Bounteous Immortal", gen­ as the Creator, 197-8; hence the gahiim­ eral Zoroastrian term for beneficent biirs all devoted to him, 260; the especial divine beings, 197; first encountered in guardian of the creation of man, 204, zn; YHapt., 264; often used specifically of comprehends in his person all the qualities the 7 great divinities of Zoroaster's rev­ of the individual Amasa Spantas, 222-3; elation, 194; these are independent be­ the kusti prayers addressed to him, 258; ings, not merely aspects of Ahura Mazda, no blasphemy intended in yast passages 202-3, 212-3; their names, 203; guardians representing him reverencing lesser yaza­ of the 7 creations, 204, 205 ff., 213-4; this tas, 269-70. link the basis of much of Zoroastrian ahurani 51, 272. ethic and observance, 208-g, 220-2, 228, Ahuras the three Lords of the Iranian 296 ff.; concepts of the 7 embody both pantheon, 23 ff. (Cf. Asuras) ancient and new elements, 2 I 2; invoked Airya one of five Iranian (Aryan) tribes, together with what they personify, 213; to which the "Avestan" people belonged, represented physically in the cult, 219-20; 104; 25o; the inhabitants of Airyanam confessional texts begin with acknowl­ VaeJah, 144; their khvaranahprotected by edgement of sins against them and the the Ahuras, 67-8; the term also used gen­ 7 creations, 321. erally of the Iranian peoples, who are Amsa 58. especially of the race of Gay6.maratan, Amurdad see Amaratat 140; non-Airyas necessarily wicked, 63 n. anaghra raoc~ the "endless light" of INDEX 335

Paradise, abode of Ahura Mazda, 141; great Ama§a Spantas (q.v.), 203; guard­ 278. ian of the creation of earth, 204, 256; her Anaghra RaoM. [Anerii.n] yazata of the relationship to it, 206-7; guardian also of "Endless Light", hamkar of Kh§athra, women, 207 n. 66; her hamkars, 267; her 267. feast-day especially that of farmers, 206; Anii.hid see Aradvi Sura Anii.hita khrajstras killed in celebration of it, 299; andom 163-4. ritual purification undergone by women Angra Mainyu [YAv. Aura Mainyu, Pahl. before it, 313; earth (q.v.) to be cherished Ahriman] "Hostile Spirit", the un­ in her honour, 300-1, 315; her name used created opponent of Ahura Mazda, 192; as a synonym for earth, 206, 328. lacks a physical being, 199; created the Adtat [Astad] personification of "Jus- daevas and "not-life", 201; his assault on tice", companion of Mithra, 59, 203; aids the creations, 139, 232, 286; his fate at Pasotanu, 290; an afrinagan dedicated Fraso.karati, 243-4. 245-6, 283; probably jointly to her and Rasnu on the 3rd night unknown before Zoroaster's revelation, after death, 330. 199. 255· Aryaman 55-6. (Cf. Airyaman.) Animals fifth of the 7 creations (q.v.), ash from wood fires in purification rites, 138-9; ancient classifications of them, 312 with n. 101, 323. 146; all spunta animals come from the Gav asman see sky aevo.data (q.v.), 139. I 50; they have souls Asman yazata of the Sky, 78; llfamkar of (urvan), II7, 149-50; are under the pro­ Khsathra, 267. tection ofVohu Manah (q.v.), hence care Ass with 3 legs 89. for them incumbent on man, -297-8. (For Assara Mazas 14 n. 52. daevic animals see khrajstra.) Assyrians 16-7. anthropomorphism 3 r ; 87; 198. astodan 327. Apaosa 74· Asto. vidhatu 87. A pas [A ban] the personified Waters, 71; Astvat.ar-ata proper name of the Saosy- 74; 160. ant (q.v.), 282, 283, 293. Ap~mNapat see *VourunaAp~mNapat. asura 23. Aptya 152-3. Asura, the in the Rigveda, 37-40, 48. Arachosia 71. asuras the three Lords of the Indo- Arang see RalJha Iranian pantheon, 4-5, 23, 48; the moral Ardasir the Kay 288. diguity of their concept, and its reflection Ardasir Papakii.n 68; 288. of a social pattern, 52-3; rulers of Para­ Arday Fravas, Arday Fravahr 122 n. 71. dise, 187. (See further under fravasi.) asa in the pagan religion, 5. 2]-8, 199; Arday Viraz Namag a part of Iranian chosen in the beginning by Ahura Mazda, mantic literature, 280 n. 14. 193; its dominant role maintained in Ardvahist see Asa Vahista Zoroastrianism, 212. Aradvi Siira Anii.hita [Ardvisiir] prob­ Asa Vahista [Ardvahist] one of the 7 ably ""' Indo-Iranian Sarasvati, person­ great Amasa Spantas (q.v.). 203; follow­ ification of the mythical river that gives ed by the righteous (see a§avan), 193; water to the world, 71-4; was later identi­ personification of a§a, and opponent of fied with the alien Anaitis and came to the Drug, 199-200, 242; guardian of the overshadow *Vouruna, 52; receiving creation of fire, 204; his relationship to it, sacrifices, 41; rescued Paurva, 100; 2II-2, 218; the most frequently invoked answered the prayer of Karasaspa, 102; by Zoroaster of all the Amasa Spantas, boons granted by her, 107, 151-2; restric­ 212; protects the watch of Rapithwa tions on partaking of her zaothras, r66; (q.v.), 259; his hamkars, 267; his part at these not to be offered at night, 170; the the miraculous conception of the prophet, cow-sacrifice especially hers, 173; feast of 277-8; at the conversion ofVistaspa, 280. the Waters now dedicated to her, 176; asavan [ardaw, arday] one who adheres hamktir of Armaiti, 267; the .Aban to a§a, righteous, 28; the a§avan attain Niyaye§ consists almost wholly of verses Paradise, 27 n. 31, II7; the purest of be­ from her hymn, 272; guards the seed of ings, 301. Zoroaster beneath Lake K~saoya, 285. Asaro vohii 262, 265. Arajat.aspa [Arjasp] 188; 249. asi "thing attained, reward, recompense" Arazahi [Arzah] 134; 135; 284. 65, 225-6. Armaiti [Spendarmad] personification of Asi [Ard] the pagan goddess personify­ "Devotion" or "Obedience", one of the 7 ing a§i, 65-6; in YHapt., 58, 59; verses in