RSE Research Awards Programme 2016

The Royal Society of Edinburgh research awards reception

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monday 5 september 2016 Front cover images: 1. Dr Karen Brown, Scottish Government Arts & Humanities Small Grant p 14. Museums and Social Sustainability in Scotland and Costa Rica “each society needs to assess the nature and precariousness of its heritage resources in its own terms and determine contemporary uses it wishes to make of them, not in the spirit of nostalgia but in the spirit of development.” (UNESCO 1995, 176) 2. Dr Trevor Stack, CRF European Travel Fellowship – Visit to Europe p 10. Political Community: A Framework for Comparative Research and Inter-Disciplinary Debate 3. Karena Moore-Miller, Scottish Enterprise Enterprise Fellowship p 28. Top-to-toe technology, changing the way you see yourself 4. Dr Philip McParlane, Scottish Enterprise Enterprise Fellowship p 30. Scoop Analytics: Detecting breaking news in real time from social media streams 5. Ann Gunn, Scottish Government Arts & Humanities Workshop p 18. Printmaking in Scotland in the 18th Century. Engraving by Andrew Bell of 'Aphrodita' specimen found by the Firth of Forth. Encyclopaedia Britannica, 1st edition, 1771, Plate XXII, Fig. 4 6. Simon Edward Lamont, Scottish Enterprise Enterprise Fellowship p 27. The Iron Ocean “Centurion 3” More research images on facing page Dr Lara Kalnins, RSE Personal Research Fellowship p 12 Analysing directional variations in the Earth’s topography and gravity field to understand the strength of the lithosphere (right)

Chris Osborne, Cormack Vacation Research Scholarship p 6 Dr Nyree Finlay, Time-Varying Simulation of Gyrosynchrotron Scottish Emission from Solar Flares – simulated Government Arts brightness map of a flaring loop (above) & Humanities Small Grant p 16 The Avocational Archaeological Atelier (right)

Ann Gunn, Scottish Government Arts & Humanities Workshop p18 Printmaking in Scotland in the Simon Edward Lamont, Scottish Enterprise 18th Century. Enterprise Fellowship p 27 Participants at research The Iron Ocean “Centurion 3” (above) workshop at the National Gallery of Scotland, June 2016 (left)

James Maguire, Lessells Travel Scholarship p 8 A cut section of a 75mm thick Michael Tougher, Scottish Enterprise composite part made from novel Enterprise Fellowship p 29 Dots (above) Glass-fibre/Epoxy material; 50p used for scale (above)

Profesor Christopher Platt, Scottish Government Arts & Humanities Small Grant p 17 Modes of Dwelling (right)

Karena Moore-Miller Scottish Enterprise Enterprise Fellowship p 28 Top-to-toe technology, changing the way you see yourself (above) Welcome by Dame Jocelyn Bell Burnell The President of the Royal Society of Edinburgh

The annual Research Awards Reception is one of the highlights of the RSE’s calendar and it gives me great pleasure to host such a celebratory event this year. Bringing together the like-minded individuals who hail from a range of sectors and disciplines, this Reception provides an opportunity for us all to commend and acknowledge the important work being carried out across academia and business here in Scotland and beyond. Joining us tonight are members of the RSE Awards Selection Committees, funders, supporters and over 100 distinguished individuals who have been successful through a rigorous selection process. Their exciting and innovative work will not only enhance knowledge in their respective fields, but will also establish new international research connections, reinforce the strength of existing collaborations and invigorate the RSE’s 233-year history of supporting excellence across all areas of academic, public and business life in Scotland. I am delighted to see the breadth of research that is enabled through our various awards. The RSE’s awards are made possible through the continued support of our funding partners. For this, I want to extend my warm thanks to BBSRC, RSE Scotland Foundation, Scottish Enterprise, Scottish Funding Council, STFC and the Scottish Government. It gives me great pleasure to see these prestigious awards support an enormous range of research with far reaching impact. I congratulate each of the pioneering and inspiring awardees; their achievements reflect the high standard of work that typifies the RSE and Scotland’s research and business community.

Welcome by Professor Bonnie Webber Research Awards Convener

Welcome to the RSE’s annual Awards Reception. I am Professor Bonnie Webber, from the University of Edinburgh, and I am the new Research Awards Convener here at the RSE. I am delighted to be attending this annual celebration of the Society’s awards programmes. This evening affords us a chance to recognise and congratulate the 2016 Research Fellows, Enterprise Fellows, Arts and Humanities Network, Workshop and Small Grant awardees, as well as our Research Scholars and Students. You will find details and information about them and their projects in the following pages of this programme. The RSE is Scotland’s National Academy, covering a wide range of disciplines – science & technology, the arts, humanities, social science, business and public service. As such, the Society is in the fortunate position of being able to offer awards across all these disciplines, reflecting the founding aim of the Society, which is “the advancement of learning and useful knowledge.” We have recently reviewed the awards made by the Society with Scottish Government funding, and changes are likely in the future. The Society also welcomes the funding it receives from its partner organisations and is pleased to be able to offer awards to such deserving academics and entrepreneurs. Without the support of our partners, the majority of these awards would not be possible. The Arts and Humanities awards continue to be very competitive, with an upcoming deadline on 28 September. We continue our strong relationship with Scottish Crucible and, earlier this year, the RSE selection panel chose thirty Scottish Crucible participants who have now completed their career development “labs”. We will announce the winning group projects this evening and you will find more information about Scottish Crucible, and its participants, at the end of this programme. In addition to announcing our 2016 Awards this evening, we will also be presenting the RSE/Thomas Reid Medal to Dr Nasar Meer, a current RSE Personal Research Fellow, Member of the Young Academy of Scotland and a hugely inspiring social scientist. This is my first year as the Research Awards Convener and I look forward to implementing the new Research Awards Strategy for 2016-2020. I will say more about our new CRF-funded projects this evening, but first I would like to take this opportunity to wish all the 2016 awardees every success with their projects over the coming year and into the future. THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF EDINBURGH

RESEARCH AWARDS RECEPTION 2016

PROGRAMME

5.00 pm Guests arrive and seated by 5.30 pm

5.30 pm Welcome from the President: Dame Jocelyn Bell Burnell CBE

5.35 pm Professor Bonnie Webber – Report on 2016 Awards Programme – Presentation of the RSE Thomas Reid Medal: Awarded to Dr Nasar Meer – Announcement of Scottish Crucible Project Awards

5.55 pm President’s Concluding Remarks

6.00 pm Poster Displays and Buffet Supper

8.00 pm Finish Research Awardees 2016

Cormack Vacation Research Scholarships

Archie Cable Department of Physics, University of York Visiting: Institute of Astronomy, Royal Observatory, Edinburgh Modelling the Tidal Stripping of Satellite Dark Matter Haloes The objective of the project was to compare the DOVE simulation and the SALTSA model for a number of example orbits of a satellite dark matter halo about a host halo. The focus was on the SALTSA model, requiring the application of a statistical test to calculate several unknown parameters, fit these parameters to example orbits and then graph a comparison between the mass loss calculated by SALTSA against the simulation. The results showed that the general shape of the curves for each were similar, but there were larger fluctuations in the simulation, which was separate from noise. It was concluded that these fluctuations were due to the effect of the gravitational forces between satellite haloes, something that wasn’t accounted for in the SALTSA model.

Kate Gould Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of St Andrews An All-Sky Camera For the University of St Andrews Observatory Dark skies are an integral part of observing at visible wavelengths – yet the majority of observatories in the UK do not lie in dark sky reserves. The observatory in St Andrews is one of these; subject to light pollution from the town but also, more importantly, from the adjacent sports pitch floodlights. It is my goal to monitor the light pollution levels in St Andrews using an all-sky camera placed at the Observatory, by writing code which will analyse the sky brightness in data. This is done with the aim of providing evidence that the light pollution is detrimental to observations. This project will provide the evidence needed for a campaign starting this autumn to reduce light pollution in St Andrews, with the long term goal of achieving dark sky status for the Observatory site.

Chris Osborne School of Physics & Astronomy, University of Glasgow Time-Varying Simulation of Gyrosynchrotron Emission from Solar Flares Solar flares are the release of vast amounts of energy across the entire electromagnetic spectrum from active solar regions. It has been proposed that during the build up to a flare, parts of the chromosphere may reach sufficiently high temperatures and low densities to be conducive to strong emission of gyrosynchrotron radiation. Such emission occurs when mildly relativistic particles spiral through the strong magnetic field of a flare, with such particles suggested as being responsible for a recently discovered secondary peak above 100GHz. Radio emission from flaring loops has been investigated in different circumstances, such as coronal inhomogeneities and pitch-angle distributions. These models, however, assume a cool dense chromosphere, rather than recently suggested extreme plasmas. Our work builds on the hot flaring chromospheric model, and my Thyr volumetric ray-tracing tool developed in 2015, to provide a new model with improved resolution and provide gyrosynchrotron emission.

6 Research Awardees 2016

Cormack Vacation Research Scholarship

Alex Prokopyszyn School of Mathematics & Statistics, University of St Andrews Studying and Simulating Magnetic Avalanches in the Sun’s Corona Over the last 25 years, there have been a number of sophisticated computer models of the putative phenomenon known as solar magnetic avalanches. Many of these simulations, while computationally cheap, rely on arbitrary rules to govern their behaviour. This year, Professor Alan Hood of the University of St Andrews led a paper detailing the results of a simulation grounded very firmly in physics. The downside of this is the high computational demand of the simulation, the number of iterations that could be carried out, were orders of magnitude below the number required to compare the simulation’s results with actual observations of the Sun. The focus of my summer project was to analyse the results of the aforementioned paper to try to produce a simulation which is both physically and computationally cheap. A simulation that can achieve both of these aims would contribute to solving the ‘Coronal Heating Problem’.

Cormack Postgraduate Research Prizes

Graham Lee School of Physics & Astronomy, University of St Andrews Modelling the Local and Global Cloud Formation on HD 189733b The paper presents the first simulation of the 3D cloud structure for the widely studied extrasolar planet HD189733b. The work combines a detailed cloud formation model and a 3D radiative-hydrodynamics simulation. The application of a kinetic cloud formation model that consistently describes the seed formation, growth/ evaporation of cloud particles, element depletion and gravitational settling has allowed the calculation of cloud particle sizes, cloud material composition and number of cloud particles, which are essential input for opacity calculation. The work shows that cloud properties change across the globe and with atmospheric height. The results reproduce observations by Knutsen et al. which suggested the presence of clouds and an equatorial jet. All observation retrieval methods of transit spectra from extrasolar planets so far use cloud properties as independent fitting parameters. Graham's work provides the long needed theoretical support for such studies of the chemical composition of extrasolar planets on HST and warm Spitzer, and the upcoming missions CHEOPS, PLATO, JWST.

Shegy Parsa Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh The galaxy UV luminosity function at z ≃ 2-4; new results on faint-end slope and the evolution of luminosity density We apply the high dynamic range provided by combining the HUDF, CANDELS/ GOODS–South, and UltraVISTA/COSMOS surveys to robustly measure the evolving UV galaxy LF at z ≃ 2, 3, 4 via photometric redshifts. Our new determinations of the UV LF extend from M1500 ≃ -22 (AB mag) down to M1500 = -14.5, -15.5 and -16 at z ≃ 2, 3 and 4 respectively, reaching ≃ 3-4 mag fainter than previous blank-field studies at z ≃ 2,3. At z ≃ 2, 3, we find a much shallower faint-end slope than reported in previous studies. By z ≃ 4, the faint-end slope has steepened slightly and these measurements are consistent with the overall evolutionary trend from z = 0 to 8. Finally, we find that while characteristic number density drops from z ≃ 2 to z ≃ 4, characteristic luminosity brightens by ≃ 1 mag. This has the consequence that UV luminosity density peaks at z ≃ 2.5-3.

7 Research Awardees 2016

Cormack Small Research Grant Dr Paula Lingren School of Geographical and Earth Sciences, University of Glasgow The Art of the Early Solar System Our research uses high-resolution scanning electron microscopy to analyse chondrules, which are the earliest solids in our solar system. Chondrules are mm-sized rounded objects in primitive meteorites that formed by the quenching of melt droplets ~4.56 billion years ago, and they represent the initial building blocks of the planets. In this project, we have used colourful microscopy images of chondrules in artwork, posters and handouts, all for the public to see the beauty of these primitive objects and to learn more about how our solar system formed.

Lessells Travel Scholarships

Jimmy-John Hoste Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, University of Strathclyde Visiting: School of Mechanical and Mining Engineering, University of Queensland, Australia Development of a Modular Low-Fidelity Design Method to Assess Advanced Propulsion Systems for Surface to Orbit Aerospace Vehicles The recent retirement of the Space Shuttle has focused attention on the technological hurdles that must be overcome to sustain future access to Space, with the key goal being a singe-stage to orbit (SSTO), re-usable launch vehicle. Realisation of this relies on new advanced air-breathing propulsion systems, such as the supersonic combustion ramjet (scramjet) which is characterized by a higher fuel-efficiency compared to conventional rockets. A major challenge for propulsion systems operating at high speeds and altitudes is ensuring stable consistent combustion. The aim of this research is to use the extensive knowledge of the Centre for Hypersonics at the University of Queensland to model the combustion physics and injection process inside scramjet engines with CFD. The obtained information will then be translated into a low-fidelity model suitable for less costly design purposes, which will be used in trajectory analysis of SSTO vehicles.

James Maguire Institute of Materials and Processes, Mechanical Engineering, University of Edinburgh Visiting: Composites Manufacturing and Simulation Center, Institute for Advanced Composites Manufacturing Innovation, Purdue University, Indiana, USA Coupled resin flow and heat transfer modelling for the processing of thick-section composite parts The marine environment poses many challenges in the selection of material for tidal, wave and wind energy devices. The goal is to investigate novel composite materials that can provide large reductions in manufacturing costs, while ensuring component reliability over the life of a marine energy device. The material of interest for this research is a heat-activated, one-part epoxy which is infused into a reinforcing fabric of carbon, glass or basalt fibres. When combined with appropriate tooling, this material has already been used to manufacture 13-m wind turbine blades. The objective of the planned trip will be to develop an existing 1D process model for use in 2D/3D turbine blade geometries. By modelling both through-thickness resin flow and heat transfer for a thick laminate (> 100 mm), it should be possible to advance the development of this material and process larger, thicker wind and tidal turbine blades at reduced costs.

8 Research Awardees 2016

Lessells Travel Scholarships Dimitrios Tzelepis Electronic & Electrical Engineering, University of Strathclyde Visiting: Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China Advanced Travelling wave analysis techniques and their hardware implementation in HVDC (high voltage direct current) transmission grids for fault location and protection applications HVDC grids will play an increasing role in future energy systems for interconnection of the global power system, and for integration of renewable energy sources. However, protection methods for multi-terminal DC grids will be very different from those presently used in AC grids, and in the existing point-to-point HVDC connections. Travelling wave-based fault detection and location methods offer a potential solution to several of these challenges. In the UK, travelling wave-based methods are not commonly used and have only been applied on specific circuits, and certainly are not in HVDC transmission. However, in China, such technology is mature, has been used on several long AC circuits and the University of Tsinghua possesses world- leading expertise and knowledge in this field. My visit will focus on gaining deeper understanding of the practical application issues related to travelling wave methods, as well as issues related to hardware implementation of such concepts. I will benefit greatly from the knowledge and experience of the research team at Tsinghua and, in particular, from operating under the guidance of Professor Dong, a world-leading expert in this field.

Neil Macdonald Wight Institute of Mechanical, Process and Energy Engineering, Heriot-Watt University Visiting: Nanomaterials Processing Lab, School of Electronic Engineering, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland Temperature dependent defect evolution in Silicon nano-materials Silicon is a remarkably useful element. Its abundance, low cost and low toxicity, combined with vast practical know-how, means it is a leading material on which to base future technologies. Certain applications, thermoelectrics included, have to date under-utilised it, with good reason. Thermoelectric performance is governed by a material’s thermoelectric power factor and thermal conductivity. While highly-doped silicon has a desirably large power factor, this is negated by high thermal conductivity. As a consequence thermoelectric performance is relatively poor for bulk silicon – about 100-fold worse than for popular materials such as bismuth telluride. The investigation of the introduction of defects as a means to reduce thermal conductivity in silicon nano-materials, while preserving power factor, has shown exciting results. Understanding how these defects evolve in response to temperature will be key to further development and meeting the needs of applications.

Jiaying Zhang Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, University of Strathclyde Visiting: The Aeronautic Science Key Laboratory for Smart Materials and Structures, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, China Experimental methods to investigate the reconfiguration of smart structures This research project focuses on reconfiguring smart structures using heteroclinic connections in the phase space between equal-energy unstable equilibria. Potential applications of this concept can be found in the Aerospace, Energy and Marine sectors; e.g., use in MEMS-type devices for switching of compliant units to reduce power consumption and morphing an advanced aerofoil to generate additional lift-load. The central idea is to reconfigure smart structures through embedded sensors and actuators between different unstable states. It is proposed that transitions between such equal- energy unstable (but actively controlled) equilibria, in principle, require zero net energy input; compared to transitions between stable equilibria, which require the input and then dissipation of energy. A series of research tasks have been undertaken to model, through the use of modern dynamical system theory and mathematical modelling. Then, the next step is to translate these models to an experimental set-up for validation and verification. 9 Research Awardees 2016

CRF European Travel Fellowships – Visits to Europe

Professor Brian Girvin School of Political and Social Sciences, University of Glasgow Visiting: Department of Law and Government, Dublin City University, Dublin Political independence, pooled sovereignty and the impact of recession on the Republic of Ireland, 2007–2015 This research asks: does sovereignty matter in the 21st Century, especially in the case of small states such as the Republic of Ireland? I will test this empirically by investigating Ireland, because it lost its sovereign status in 2010 when it accepted a bail out by the European Union, the European Central Bank and the International Monetary Fund (The Troika). The Irish electorate has endorsed the elite view that EU membership is in the national interest and public opinion has been broadly supportive. However, more sceptical voices and attitudes have appeared in recent years, particularly after the application of austerity policies under pressure from the Troika. Sovereignty was the focus for considerable debate during the 2012 Referendum on the Fiscal Stability Pact. This Referendum will be the main focus of research and elite and mass opinion will be assessed in the context of the nature of Irish sovereignty.

Dr Adrian Haddock Department of Philosophy, University of Stirling Visiting: Institut für Philosophie, Universität Leipzig The Two Sides of Self-Consciousness In 1979, Charles Taylor spoke disapprovingly of “the objectivist orientation of much of contemporary philosophy”. Taylor had in mind a certain kind of philosophical understanding – one that seeks to understand its topic not from its own point of view, but from sideways on. A fundamental aim of my research is to explain what this comes to. As I see it, to seek to understand a topic without objectifying it is to seek to express the consciousness internal to it – the consciousness that certain philosophers call self-consciousness. I spent much of the the fellowship period studying the historical lineage of this idea – not just in Kant and the later German Idealists, but in even more traditional sources, notably Aristotle and Aquinas. Here, I benefitted greatly from the deep historical learning of the philosophers at the Forschungskolleg Analytic German Idealism (FAGI) at Universität Leipzig, where I was based.

Dr Trevor Stack Centre for Citizenship, Civil Society and Rule of Law, University of Aberdeen Visiting: Civic Constellations Project, Universidad de Málaga Political Community: A Framework for Comparative Research and Inter-Disciplinary Debate The idea of a self-governing people – a political community – dates back to the Greeks, but enjoys unprecedented salience in the world today. When Scotland voted on Independence in 2014, the debates were followed not only by the world’s nationalists, but by movements as different as the Spanish indignados (now Podemos Party), with their critique of conventional politics, and the Kurdish rojava cities in Syria, which claim to offer plural and hospitable democracy. Hopes for a ‘European people’ faded long before Brexit, but the standing of Europe’s ‘peoples’ will remain controversial as long as the EU exists. Scholars have followed suit with a series of debates on what it means to say that a people governs itself. I will spend a sabbatical semester at an important hub of these debates, the Universidad de Málaga’s Civic Constellations Project, completing a volume on Political Community: The Idea of the Self-Governing People.

10 Research Awardees 2016

CRF European Travel Fellowships – Visits to Scotland

Dr Ciara Breathnach Department of History, University of Limerick, Ireland Visiting: Department of Social Science, Media and Journalism, Glasgow Caledonian University Digital history, data protection and DNA Historic Irish medical records are not covered by statute and this lack of clarity presents problems for data owners, custodians and users alike. This project aims to identify the opportunities that this anomalous legal state offers. By showing the greater utility of historic medical records and, working with colleagues at GCU, the types of problems historians encounter when dealing with sensitive data types, the project hopes to propose policy change that protects and makes accessible these vulnerable collections. We are particularly interested in the potential uses of historic medical and mortality data, and whether they could enable a study of epigenetic change and mental health. Aspects of this on-going research will be presented at the Royal College of Physicians Ireland in November 2016 and at ‘Big Berks’ at Hofstra University in June 2017.

Dr Maria Gurova Prehistory Department, National Institute of Archaeology with Museum, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Visiting: School of History, Classics and Archaeology, University of Edinburgh The Use of Pitchstone in Neolithic Scotland Neolithic sites across Europe frequently contain artefacts made from siliceous rocks that originated in geological outcrops hundreds of kilometres away. Their occurrence is generally assumed to reflect some form of long-distance trade or exchange. In Bulgaria, obsidian (a naturally-occurring volcanic glass) occurs in archaeological sites up to 900 km from the nearest geological sources in the Carpathian Mountains. In Britain, pitchstone (a form of obsidian) is found up to 300 km from the only known geological outcrops on the Isle of Arran. During my visit to Edinburgh, I will conduct use-wear analysis of pitchstone artefacts from Neolithic sites in northern Britain in an effort to understand why Neolithic people went to the trouble of acquiring lithic materials from distant sources when alternative local materials were available – was the motivation purely practical (linked to the superior flaking properties of pitchstone), or were pitchstone artefacts used for special purposes?

Professor Hans Jacob Orning Department of Archaeology, Conservation and History, University of Oslo, Norway Visiting: Centre for Mediaeval and Early Modern Law and Literature, University of St Andrews The Reality of the Fantastic My project was to finish a book called The Reality of the Fantastic: The Magical, Geopolitical and Social Universe of Late Medieval Saga Manuscripts. It consists of an analysis of several manuscripts containing so-called legendary sagas inspired by the methods developed in New Philology. These sagas cannot be used as historical records, but they are largely unexplored treasure chests to the mentalities of the people who produced them and listened to them. Moreover, the handwriting of the manuscripts can be linked to diplomas, so that the historical context of them can be elucidated. The two-month visit at St Andrews made it possible for me to finish the book for publication, as well as to discuss methods and results with colleagues at the university.

11 Research Awardees 2016

CRF European Travel Fellowship – Visit to Scotland

Dr Géraldine Vaughan Department of English Studies, University of Rouen, Normandy, France Visiting: School of Divinity, University of Edinburgh Anti-Catholicism and British identities in the British World (1880s–1930s) Explorations of Britishness have been at the heart of historical debates since the 1970s. This research project aims at examining the relations between anti-Catholicism and British identities in Britain and in the Dominions (1880s–1930s). The study will thus encompass different historiographical perspectives, namely the social history of religion, the history of migrations and the New Imperial History.

RSE Personal Research Fellowships

Dr Lara Kalnins School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh Formation and evolution of isotropic and anisotropic strength in the oceanic lithosphere using frequency-domain and maximum-likelihood methods My project aims to increase our understanding of the lithosphere, the rigid outer part of the Earth; in particular, how strong it is and how that strength influences major tectonic events, from volcanoes and earthquakes to the opening of new oceans and sea-level change. Its first objective is to take techniques newly developed for the continents and extend them to the oceans, to increase our understanding of the type of lithosphere that covers two-thirds of our planet. Next, it aims to take current techniques to higher resolution and precision using a modern statistical technique called the maximum likelihood method. This new technique will let us create higher resolution maps not only of the oceans, but also of the continents, and even the Moon, Venus and Mars, hopefully giving us some clues about how these neighbouring worlds ended up looking so different, each evolving with its own tectonic style.

Dr Chih-Jen (Lance) Lin MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh Investigating the underlying mechanisms for paternal pronucleus formation and the development of a novel rescue strategy for abnormally developing zygotes. Assisted reproductive technology helps millions of couples to have children. However, pregnancy rates remain low. Following fertilisation, ‘normal’ zygotes (each possessing one maternal and one paternal pronucleus) are selected for embryo transfer. Studies show that 3–17% of procedures produce zygotes with only one pronucleus, although the underlying mechanisms that prevent these zygotes from progressing to the two-pronucleus stage are not well understood. I have previously demonstrated that the essential mechanism for the formation of a paternal pronucleus is a particular molecule. Mice lacking this molecule produce abnormal, one-pronucleus zygotes. This demonstrates the importance of the molecule to normal zygotic development, and may help to identify the cause and effects of the one-pronucleus phenotype in the IVF clinic. In this Fellowship, I will further investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms implicated in paternal pronucleus formation, and develop new methodologies for potential therapeutic strategies. 12 Research Awardees 2016

RSE Personal Research Fellowship

Dr Kitty Meeks School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Glasgow Exploiting realistic graph structure Many important large datasets are most naturally represented as a network, or graph; examples I will be considering include livestock trades between farms, compatibility of donors and patients in the National Living Donor Kidney Sharing Scheme, and candidates’ preferences in centralised job allocation schemes. Algorithms are needed to extract useful information from all of these datasets, but in many cases it is known that, if we try to design an algorithm that does not make additional assumptions about what the dataset looks like, then adding just twenty more objects to the network could increase the running time of from one minute to more than a year. To address this problem, my research involves identifying structural properties of the networks arising from specific real-world applications, and exploiting these properties to devise much more efficient algorithms to extract the information that is needed in each case.

CRF Health, Happiness and Wellbeing Initiative

Dr Joanne McLean Mental Health Foundation Scotland Systematic Literature Review of Population Interventions to Improve Health Happiness and Wellbeing in the Transition from Adolescence to Adulthood. Successful transition to adulthood is vital for young peoples’ mental health and wellbeing and, as such, is a key public health issue for them and those who care about them. This research is a systematic review of interventions designed to improve the health and wellbeing of ‘average’ populations of young people. We will review international evidence to define what works at a population level to reduce inequalities and equip all young people with the skills, characteristics and resilience to successfully navigate their transition experience. A panel of Scottish adolescents are working with us to ensure that the review takes account of the outcomes that indicate successful transition from the perspectives of young people in Scotland today. The review covers interventions addressing nine key problem areas: active living; healthy eating; mental health; tobacco; drugs and alcohol; sexual and reproductive health; injury and violence; obesity; and general health.

Dr Kathryn Skivington Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow Systematic Literature Review of Individual Interventions to Improve Health, Happiness and Wellbeing in the Transition from Adolescence to Adulthood. The Scottish Government’s policy ‘Supporting young people’s health and wellbeing’ advocates for extra support for ‘at risk’ young people. ‘At risk’ or ‘vulnerable’ young people describes those who are at higher risk of poor health outcomes, and have the potential to benefit from additional support to successfully and healthily transition into adulthood. Providing appropriate and relevant support, however, is a challenge, because vulnerable young people are associated with adversity and disadvantage, and therefore mainstream interventions such as those provided within educational settings are unlikely to meet the needs of this group. By conducting a systematic review of existing research, this project synthesizes the current state of knowledge regarding non-clinical interventions intended to improve the mental health, happiness, or mental wellbeing of vulnerable adolescents. Where possible, it will highlight gaps in evidence; the most promising strategies; and the utility of the results in informing an intervention for vulnerable adolescents in Scotland.

13 Research Awardees 2016

Scottish Government Arts & Humanities Small Grants

Dr Arianna Andreangeli Edinburgh Law School, University of Edinburgh Visiting: Faculty of Law, University of Toronto, Canada Making markets work in the interest of public health: the case of the Alcohol (Minimum Pricing) (Scotland) Act 2012 The project investigates Scotland's system of minimum prices for alcoholic beverages. The study examines the relationship between the Alcohol (Minimum Pricing) Act (Scotland) 2012 and the competition and free movement of goods principles enshrined in the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU). Examining the issues arising from the interplay between the demands of open and competitive markets and the pursuit of goals of public interest, such as the need to limit the social and health harm arising from hazardous alcohol consumption, is especially important. The applicant obtained funding to support a research visit in Canada, where minimum alcohol pricing systems are relied upon as part of liquor control frameworks, in the interest of public health and safety, to explore the policy and judicial practice concerning the identification of a legal justification, especially in competition law terms, for similar legislation, currently in force in six Canadian provinces

Dr Maud Anne Bracke School of Humanities, University of Glasgow European Feminisms: Comparative perspectives on trade union feminism (Italy, France, Scotland and England) Funding is sought for a project centred on trade union feminism in Europe from historical and contemporary perspectives. I aim to contribute to a deeper and wider debate on the strategies and effectiveness of feminist campaigning on questions of equality in work, reflecting on recent history and the contemporary situation, involving scholars and historical and contemporary campaigners, and widening the discussion to a European and comparative level. I am seeking funding to pay for the translation of my recent monograph on Italian ‘second-wave’ feminism into Italian (the original: Bracke, M A. Women and the Reinvention of the Political: Feminism in Italy (1968-1983), Routledge 2014). Further, I wish to organise a relatively small-scale, but strongly focused and potentially impactful, one-day workshop in cooperation with scholars at the Universita’ di Bologna and the Biblioteca italiana delle donne (Italian Women’s Library), both in Bologna.

Dr Karen Elizabeth Brown School of Art History & Museum and Gallery Studies, University of St Andrews Museums and Social Sustainability in Scotland and Costa Rica Recent literature, policy and news coverage reveal that ‘cultural heritage and sustainability’ is an urgent field of enquiry. Menawhile the topic of ‘museums and communities’ is gaining momentum in a multicultural world. The objective of my RSE-funded research is to bring this scholarship to bear on museums and communities in Scotland and Costa Rica through three key topics: ecomuseology; policy and practice of inclusion; and sustainability. Since the 1980s, Latin America has, in many ways, been a leader in promoting community cohesion through museums. Socio-politicaly, they aim to preserve local distinctiveness and create sustainable relations between the state and local communities, empower the rural poor through a sense of cultural identity, and resist homogenising forces of globalisation. Scotland has much to learn from such initiatives, while sharing concepts and experiences developed here, including social inclusion policies, ecomuseum practice and the recent “Cantie” or “Happy” Museum.

14 Research Awardees 2016

Scottish Government Arts & Humanities Small Grants

Dr Rhona Brown Scottish Literature, University of Glasgow The Edinburgh Gazetteer: Radical Networks and Journalism in 1790s Scotland The Edinburgh Gazetteer: Radical Networks and Journalism in 1790s Scotland will analyse the networks of 1790s Scotland, as evidenced via the short-lived Edinburgh Gazetteer. The Gazetteer, which was printed in the capital from November 1792 to January 1794, is a radical, post-French Revolution journal which offer a lens through which to read the turbulent Scottish 1790s. As well as covering high-profile cases, including the trials of Louis XVI and Maurice Margarot, the journal features contributions by Robert Burns; detailed accounts of Scottish sedition trials, especially those of Thomas Muir and William Skirving; reporting on reform societies, including the Friends of the People; and radical responses to the abolition debate. This project brings the radical reporting of the Edinburgh Gazetteer into clear focus and will yield a new online edition of the Gazetteer which will be accompanied by notes and illustrative material, as well as at least one scholarly article.

Dr Hannah Burrows Centre for Scandinavian Studies, University of Aberdeen Censored and Censuring: Humour, Laughter and Identity in Early Scandinavian Society The project probes the multifaceted connections between humour, laughter and identity in early Scandinavian society. In particular, it seeks to provide a historical perspective on concerns that still resonate strongly today: those of the censorship of humour and the use of humour as a tool of censure; and it considers the impact of these issues on individual and group identities. Using medieval Scandinavian law codes, poetry and sagas, it investigates instances when humour (especially mockery and that which provokes laughter at a target) is censored by law; when people (especially women) are censured for laughing in particular social contexts; and when laughter itself aims to censure and control certain kinds of social behaviour.

Tom Collins Communications, Media and Culture, Faculty of Arts and Humanities, University of Stirling The Papers of Alastair Hetherington Alastair Hetherington (1919–99) was one of the major figures in 20th-Century British journalism. He helped establish the post-war press in Germany as Managing Editor of Die Welt, after working for The Glasgow Herald. He moved to The Guardian where he was a Leader Writer, Defence Correspondent, Foreign Editor and then Editor from 1956 to 1974. A fearless Editor, he took a lonely and principled stand against Britain’s involvement in the Suez invasion and established The Guardian as a national newspaper, overseeing its move to London. Hetherington later became a controversial controller of BBC Scotland, and was Professor of Journalism at the University of Stirling, where many of his personal papers are now stored. This project will produce more extensive documentation of his papers in Stirling and the London School of Economics, and help scope more detailed research on his work and its impact on journalism practice in the press and broadcasting.

15 Research Awardees 2016

Scottish Government Arts & Humanities Small Grants

Dr Nyree Finlay Archaeology, University of Glasgow The Avocational Archaeological Atelier Adapting archaeological techniques used in the recovery of Francis Bacon’s Reece Mews studio, this project documented the collecting practice of Fiona Gorman. An avocational archaeologist on Arran and the artist wife of a local painter, she amassed a substantial collection of archaeological objects, geological specimens and an extensive documentary and photographic heritage archive. Treating her intact workrooms as ‘sites’, complete with abandoned artefact analysis table, it used traditional and multi-media techniques to record her work environment for future exhibition and digital outputs. The project presented a rare opportunity to capture in situ work practices revealing an intimate portrait of a female collector and offering insights into 20th–21st–Century collaborative recreational research and intergenerational networks. Salvaging this extensive archive also highlighted urgent legacy issues around voluntary archaeological research, enabling better anticipation of future heritage sector needs in light of national government ambitions for expanding public involvement in heritage.

Dr Iain Macdonald School of Arts & Creative Industries, Edinburgh Napier University Improving Malaria Education Through Graphic Interventions The objective of this research project is to design different methods of communication that will improve malaria education in East Africa. In collaboration with UNICEF Mozambique, we established a campaign group of young communicators and educators in Nampula, Mozambique, which we hope will spawn similar groups through social media. Building on the success of our previous design projects in Mozambique, we returned with four undergraduate BDes (Hons) Graphic Design students, who worked alongside a group of Mozambican students in Nampula to co-design ways and forms of improving communication about malaria. The initial design process was led by the Mozambican students and then developed by Napier students, by testing designs with local people in the coastal city of Ilha, a UNESCO World Heritage site, and in the rural coastal town of Mossuril. The entire process was recorded for a future film by the lead researcher and filmmaker Dr Iain Macdonald.

Dr Elaine Moohan Music Department, The Open University in Scotland The Collected Works of Robert Johnson The aim at this stage in my project is to visit research libraries, primarily in London, Oxford and Cambridge, and consult all of the manuscripts containing works by the sixteenth-century Scottish composer, Robert Johnson (d.c.1560). As a direct result of these visits, I will be able to prepare an edited transcription of his music from obsolete white mensural notation into modern music notation, ready for publication in the Musica Scotica series of scholarly editions. This volume will comprise 36 works, some regrettably incomplete due to loss of some partbooks across the centuries, preserved in 108 books copied between 1560 and 1630, as well as some contemporary printed volumes. Consulting the manuscripts and early printed books first hand is key to eliminating the risk of transcription errors that occur when relying entirely on digital images, which present confused readings where there is damage to the written space.

16 Research Awardees 2016

Scottish Government Arts & Humanities Small Grants

Dr Stephen Mullen Department of History, University of Glasgow Scottish Adventurers in Trinidad, 1797–1838 Scots were a vitally important group across the West Indies in the colonial period, yet the subject has attracted relatively little academic work. The study of Scots in Trinidad (after the island was absorbed into the British Empire in 1797) has been especially neglected. This research project will rectify that; the results will constitute a key element of a wider study of Glasgow–West India merchants, planters and sojourners in the West Indies, 1776–1846. In May 2016, I spent a month in Trinidad engaged in archival work, which focused on patterns of settlement, slave-plantation ownership and wealth accumulation, as well as on the exportation of Scottish Presbyterianism to the island. The collated evidence will form the first detailed examination of Scots on the island and will increase understanding of their role across the West Indies in the period leading up to the emancipation of Caribbean slavery in 1834.

Dr Richard Niland English Studies, University of Strathclyde The Culture and Politics of Paraguay in the Writings of R B Cunninghame Graham This project investigates the importance of Paraguay in the work of the Scottish writer, traveller and politician R B Cunninghame Graham (1852–1936), exploring how his travels in the 1870s shaped his attitude to politics and empire. An outspoken opponent of imperialism, Graham’s engagement with Paraguayan culture in the aftermath of the Triple Alliance War (1865–70), which saw Argentina, Brazil and Uruguay inflict a devastating military defeat on the country, significantly informed his response to global imperialism and to regional imperialism in Latin America. Cunninghame Graham was a master of impressionistic and politically incisive literary sketches that documented the transformative effects of imperialism on indigenous communities and emerging nation states. This project will examine in detail Graham’s experience of Paraguay, through both his published writings and archival material in Spain, the US and Paraguay in the late 19th Century and its place in his writing and politics.

Professor Christopher Platt Mackintosh School of Architecture, The Glasgow School of Art Modes of Dwelling The aim of the project is to explore diverse design approaches in the creation of dwellings at the beginning of the 21st Century. The project focus is a group of significant independent architects, all based in Scotland, who combine architectural practice with research-informed teaching at the Mackintosh School of Architecture at The Glasgow School of Art. The project aims to draw out ideas and preoccupations which inform their designs and design methodologies in creating individual and multiple-occupancy dwellings. The ambition is to set out the nature of ‘dwelling’ from the perspective of the Mackintosh School of Architecture. It will identify trends and different themes in the work whilst also exploring shared values and approaches, implicitly asking the question, “What identifies an MSA-inspired dwelling?”

17 Research Awardees 2016

Scottish Government Arts & Humanities Small Grant

Dr Richard Whitecross The Business School – Law, Edinburgh Napier University Consideration of abuse in Child Welfare Hearings: S.11(7A-E) Children (Scotland) Act 1995. The study examines s.11 (7A – E) of the Children (Scotland) Act 1995. The provisions, introduced by the Family (Scotland) Act 2006, state that the court “shall have regard in particular to the need to protect the child from abuse”. Abuse is broadly defined and includes specific reference to “domestic abuse”. In Scots law, the “best interests of the child” are generally taken as a “paramount consideration”. Recent studies on Child Welfare Hearings, court-ordered contact and domestic abuse have focused on the experiences of parents and children. These studies identified a range of challenges and recommendations. Among the suggested problems was a perception that legal professionals are failing to use the provisions set out in s.11(7A-E). This study examines the understanding of the provisions and experience of their use in the legal context, from the perspective of lawyers and sheriffs, in the context of Child Welfare Hearings.

Scottish Government Arts & Humanities Workshops

David Cameron Cowley Aerial Survey & Remote Sensing, Historic Environment Scotland Digital Archaeological Topography – observation, visualisation and understanding There is a tension in archaeological practice for recording earthworks preserved in surface topography. Developments in laser scanning and photogrammetry are ensuring greater availability of detailed landscape-scaled digital 3D data that can be visualised in many ways. Less attention has been paid to procedures for archaeological interpretation of such data, and to the communication of such understanding. In contrast, traditional archaeological survey of earthworks draws on over 100 years of practice and an established means of codification (hachures). This project aims to bridge this gap by exploring synergies between expertise in traditional survey and the challenges of working with digital topographic data, exploring workflows and interpretational scenarios and working towards a framework for codifying interpretation and depiction within explicit common conventions. This is fundamental to ensuring that future use of digital topographic data draws on expertise honed in traditional ground survey and that archaeological survey maintains a forward-looking perspective.

Ann Gunn School of Art History, University of St Andrews Printmaking in Scotland in the 18th Century This collaboration between the School of Art History, University of St Andrews, the Hunterian at the University of Glasgow, and the National Gallery of Scotland is investigating printmaking as a graphic art and its development in 18th-Century Scotland. Engravers worked in many fields, from map-making to music publishing, medical studies to antiquarianism, and much scholarship on prints and engravers is subsumed into research on book publishing. Little is yet known about the relationships between artists, printmakers, publishers and collectors in Scotland. The workshops gathered scholars and curators from universities, museums, libraries and other organisations to pool knowledge, share expertise, identify both existing resources and gaps in information, and consider research models to address this deficit. One aim will be a website, accessible to scholars and the wider public, providing a hub for information, to which scholars, print experts and students can contribute.

18 Research Awardees 2016

Scottish Government Arts & Humanities Workshops

1707 and 2014: The National Press, Civil Society and Constitutional Identity This project offers both a unique public forum in Scotland and sets up a research network between historians of the Scottish press, constitutional experts,scholars of the nation’s contemporary media, civil society activists, policy makers and media industry stakeholders in order to: 1. facilitate exchange about the relationships between constitutional change, civil society debate and national identity in Scotland’s press following two key historical events: the Acts of Union in 1707 and the Independence Referendum in 2014; 2. host two interdisciplinary seminars featuring the complementary expertise of researchers, practitioners and stakeholders on the distinctive historical, constitutional and civic roles of Scotland’s national press; 3. begin a process of knowledge exchange between policy makers, journalists and researchers concerning the relationship between past and Dr Alex Benchimol Professor Philip Schlesinger FRSE present constitutional debates, and the School of Critical Studies/Centre Centre for Cultural Policy Research, changing anatomy of Scotland’s public sphere for Cultural Policy Research University of Glasgow and national press. University of Glasgow

Rip It Up and Start Again? Radical Music Education in Scotland The International Society of Music Educators held their annual global conference at the Royal Conservatoire of Scotland from 24–29 July 2016 and, in anticipation of this event, a cross- institutional team of early-career researchers devised a series of complementary workshops under the theme of 'Radical Music Education in Scotland.' The workshops provide an open space where debate, practice and research can be shared across all disciplines, levels and geographic areas of music education in Scotland. If we were literally able, as the Scottish indie pop group Orange Juice once put it, to 'rip it up and start again,' how would we design the music education curriculum for the 21st Century? What skills we would prioritise? How would the various stakeholders in music education – schools, community music groups, universities, conservatoires, self- organised Dr Matt Brennan Dr Jo Collinson-Scott music-making cultures, industry and regulatory Reid School of Music, Edinburgh School of Media, Culture bodies – work together to create a joined-up College of Art, and Society, vision of music education? University of Edinburgh University of the West of Scotland

19 Research Awardees 2016

Scottish Government Arts & Humanities Workshops

Reworking Walter Scott As we continue to celebrate the 200th anniversaries of the publication of many of Walter Scott’s major works, including Waverley (2014), Rob Roy (1817) and Ivanhoe (1819), this project asks: How have writers, musicians, artists and other creators responded to Scott’s writings? How might we encourage new types of creative reworkings in the 21st Century, particularly in fields in which Scotland is a world leader, such as comics and film? Building on the research and teaching expertise of the principal investigator and his collaborators, in such areas as Scottish literature and history, and the theory and practice of authorship and adaptation, Reworking Walter Scott seeks new ways to bring the author’s iconic characters and scenes out of his often lengthy novels and narrative poems and, through wide-ranging and innovative research and knowledge transfer, Dr Daniel Cook Dr Paul Barnaby open them up to different audiences, including School of Humanities Archives Team, Library educators, schoolchildren and non-native University of Dundee University of Edinburgh speakers across the world

The Philosophical Life

These workshops explore the idea of the philosophical life. Our objective is to ask two questions, and try to relate the answers we get to them. The questions are: 1) how does one write the lives of philosophers? and 2) how does one live philosophically? These questions are probably best answered by different sets of people – the first by people who have written or are writing biographies of philosophers, or who study the biographies of philosophers; the second by people who are attempting to put philosophy into practice in life, or who study such attempts. The purpose of this series of three workshops is to bring together these different groups of people to share historical and practical perspectives on what a philosophical life is and how to live it. Dr Tom Jones Professor James Harris School of English Department of Philosophy University of St Andrews University of St Andrews

20 Research Awardees 2016

Scottish Government Arts & Humanities Workshops

Scotland’s Stories by Word and Screen: the Neuroscience of Narrative This programme explores the cognitive differences between hearing or reading stories, and seeing them as film or video. Reading for pleasure is correlated with educational attainment and wellbeing. Fewer young Scots read for pleasure than in the past, and competition with screen-based entertainment is one possible explanation for this. The project considers one of these areas where screen and word are in competition – narrative. In recent years, we have learned more about the neuroscience of imagination, and how it relates to our ability to remember episodes from our own lives. This gives us new opportunities to understand the nature of narrative processing. We are a group of academics from neuroscience, literature, film studies and psychology, Dr Elspeth Jajdelska Dr Christopher Butler working with our partners, The Scottish Book School of Humanities Nuffield Department of Clinical Trust and the Glasgow Women's Library, on University of Strathclyde Neurosciences these questions: Oxford University • How far do we process film and text different ways? • Why might these differences matter?

Beyond the Creative City

Beyond the Creative City aims to promote deeper understanding and foster new research and knowledge exchange partnerships amongst scholars, practitioners and organisations involved with the creative industries in Scotland’s remote and rural areas. Through a series of collaborative workshops across the Highlands and Islands, co-hosted by academic and creative industries partners, the project will co-develop a new research agenda to inform the participants’ own strategies and priorities; generate specific new research and innovation projects; and inform individual and collaborative funding bids.

Professor Robin MacPherson Joe Lockwood Centre for Rural Creativity Institute of Design Innovation University of the Highlands and Islands Glasgow School of Art

21 Research Awardees 2016

Scottish Government Arts & Humanities Workshops

Venetian Renaissance prints, drawings and illustrated books in Scottish collections Interest in Venetian Renaissance art has always been strong in Scotland. Since the early 19th Century, masterpieces by painters such as Titian, Veronese, Tintoretto and their contemporaries have been acquired to adorn the residences of private collectors such as the 10th Duke of Hamilton, the 4th Earl of Aberdeen, Sir William Forbes of Pitsligo, and Archibald McLellan. Since the end of WW2, the National Gallery of Scotland has held a collection of Venetian paintings of outstanding international importance, on long-term loan from the former Bridgewater Collection. Public awareness of the richness of these holdings was further heightened by major exhibitions held in Edinburgh in 2004 and Glasgow in 2012. Building on these experiences, this project intends to extend research to prints, drawings and illustrated books, in order to deepen the understanding of the role played Dr Laura Moretti Dr Linda Borean by Venetian Renaissance art in the Scottish School of Art History Dipartimento di storia e tutela dei culture of the past and of the present. University of St Andrews beni culturali Università degli Studi di Udine

Commissioning Creativity and Funding Film Commissioning Creativity and Funding Film explores commissioning processes, public funding models and the role and practices of funders in the screen industries in smaller Northern European countries today. From policy to production, it investigates how screen funders ensure that they fund the best productions and foster creative industries and ecologies. Over three workshops, this project brings together academics and screen funders to discuss different funding frameworks and strategies for investing in, assessing and nurturing creative projects. The project seeks to address some of the challenges facing commissioning and funding today, and identify best practice in film, TV and screen funding and commissioning. The project is a collaboration between the Centre for Cultural Policy Research, University of Glasgow and Department of Film & Media, Dr Inge Ejbye Sørensen Dr Eva Novrup Redval Copenhagen University; as well as a Knowledge Centre for Cultural Policy Research Department of Film & Media Exchange with screen funders in Scotland University of Glasgow University of Copenhagen (Creative Scotland), Denmark (Danish Screen), the Netherlands (Screen NL) and Sweden (Swedish Film Institute).

22 Research Awardees 2016

Scottish Government Arts & Humanities Workshop

Professor James Loxely Department of English Literature, University of Edinburgh “Tales for Travellers, and Travellers’ Tales”: Exploring Renaissance and Contemporary Stories of Place and Journey This project builds on the monumental walk in 1618 between London and Edinburgh undertaken by the poet Ben Jonson. The full story of Jonson’s journey and adventures only recently resurfaced – it belongs with the voluminous travel literature written during the Renaissance. But it also reveals something of the stories Jonson was told by his hosts in the places he visited. This project explores how Renaissance habits of telling stories about place might connect with the contemporary interpretation of historic sites and routes for both communities and visitors. Academics, heritage organisations, storytellers and walking groups, have come together to explore resources, models and good practice; we have devised and are implementing a programme of trial events, working with Historic Scotland, schools and walkers in Fife.

Scottish Government Arts & Humanities Network

Scottish Migration to London c.1660–1815 This project explores the history of Scottish migration to early modern London from c.1660 to c.1830. Despite the city constituting the most important and consistent destination for Scots over the whole of this period, far more is currently known about migration patterns to continental Europe, Ireland, the West Indies and North America. Given the scale and socially diverse nature of this particular stream of Scottish human mobility, the project focuses on professional, commercial and artisan immigration to London. In doing so, it will help chart general trends and the scale of human movement and identify relevant sources and future collaborative partners. It does so in order to assess how London shaped the socio-economic integration of Scotland into the British Union. The subject matter speaks directly to a number of contemporary debates on Scotland’s relationship Dr Andrew Mackillop Professor Stana Nenadic with the British metropolis, as well as pressing Department of History School of History, Classics & Archaeology, themes of economic migration, integration University of Aberdeen University of Edinburgh and assimilation

23 Research Awardees 2016

Scottish Government Arts & Humanities Networks

Mal Burkinshaw Fashion Design, Edinburgh College of Art at the University of Edinburgh The Diversity Network: Designing new cultures of communication for Fashion industries The fashion industries promote images of digitally ‘perfected’ bodies, combined with the use of underweight, youthful models in fashion campaigns. This is blamed for promoting narrow concepts of beauty, lowering the self-esteem of their audiences, and affecting the mental health of key populations. To challenge the diversity deficit, this project allows the Diversity Network to fully engage with the spectrum of Scottish HEIs, fashion businesses, charities and government. This two-year structure of networking events will culminate in the Diversity Network Fashion Forum 2018, uniting network collaborators to engage with non-specialist public audiences to demonstrate the positive ways fashion can be used to celebrate and enhance public self-esteem. To date, the Network's Edinburgh events have included the Body Talks symposium, talks and catwalk shows at ECA, and the major exhibition, Beauty by Design: Fashioning the Renaissance, at the Scottish National Portrait Gallery.

Professor Willy Maley English Literature, School of Critical Studies, University of Glasgow Contested Identities: Cultural Dialogues between Small Nations The Contested Identities network is envisaged as a forum for debate and cultural exchange relating to the ‘small nations’ of the British Isles and Spain, focusing on Scotland, Ireland, Wales, Catalonia, the Basque Country and Galicia. Its comparative and multidisciplinary approach to questions of identity aims to foster dialogue between researchers, cultural practitioners and institutions with a wide variety of backgrounds. The objective is to provide a space for genuinely productive collaboration, resulting in traditional academic outputs (an edited collection and further grant applications) and direct public engagement (mainly through our collaboration with Beyond Borders Scotland).

Dr Minna Törmä School of Culture and Creative Arts (History of Art), University of Glasgow China Art Research Network (CARN) CARN is a new and ground-breaking enterprise, bringing together for the first time stakeholders from HEI institutions and the non-HEI art world to discuss and formulate a model for best practice in Knowledge Exchange. It has been initiated by Scottish institutions: the University of Glasgow, National Museums Scotland and the Burrell Collection. In addition, the Core Network is formed of UK and Chinese consultants. The latter will ensure an open communication with the custodians of Chinese cultural heritage. CARN’s objective is to develop a pioneering code of practice which will guide and enhance cooperation between stakeholders in order to promote and ensure effective research on Chinese art, particularly in the UK. It will facilitate access to material in object-based research disciplines such as art history and archaeology. This is significant, as there are extensive and often under-researched collections containing Chinese art in Scotland and in the UK.

24 Research Awardees 2016

Scottish Government Arts & Humanities Networks

Relations between Britain and France in World War Two This network will contribute substantially to understanding the wider long-term significance of the relationship forged between the UK and France during the Second World War. The network will inform current debates about contemporary international, diplomatic, military and security challenges, offering a source of expertise to interested stakeholders. The network’s distinctiveness lies in its close engagement with officials from the foreign policy community, including serving and past diplomats and the Foreign Office, as well as French and British defence policy-making and military staff. The central theme of the network is to explore the tensions, influences and experiences that shaped and defined the relationship between the UK and France during the War. As allies and as states with similar democratic traditions, levels of military and Dr Rogelia Pastor-Castro Dr Karine Varley economic strength and global interests, the School of Humanities School of Humanities relationship between Britain and France was University of Strathclyde University of Strathclyde critical to the survival and future of both countries.

The Unthought in Islam? The contemporary period challenges all religions: advances in technology, developments in knowledge, and shifting boundaries and contexts result in the questioning of previously taboo subjects or the “unthought”. In the Western world, the challenges facing the Muslim communities are highlighted on a regular basis within the media. Examples include constructs of gender (both male and female) and sexuality, spaces for female-only worship, denominational conflict and Muslim sectarianism. These issues are surfacing with increasing regularity in Scotland and, with Muslims becoming an increasingly vocal and significant community in Scotland and the UK, this project addresses a range of controversial topics through a series of workshops and talks. The participants will include both academics from UK institutions as well as invited guests from further afield, and representatives from faith communities. It is Dr Lloyd Ridgeon Dr Andrew Newman planned that a selection of the talks and Theology and Religious Studies Department of Islamic & Middle presentations will be available as pod-casts University of Glasgow Eastern Studies online. The project also has a website: University of Edinburgh http://www.shii-ews.imes.ed.ac.uk/projects/the- unthought-in-islam/

25 Research Awardees 2016

Scottish Government Arts & Humanities Network

Professor Gavin Little Dr Graeme Macdonald Dr Hannes Stephan Stirling Law School English & Comparative Literary Studies Division of History & Politics University of Stirling University of Warwick University of Stirling

Connecting with a low-carbon Scotland The network brings together panels of scholars from across the humanities – including literature and theatre, politics, law, visual arts and media – to facilitate the creation of a low-carbon society in Scotland through the development of shared interdisciplinary understandings of the challenges posed for Scotland by climate change, energy use and the process of transition. The objective is to share culturally powerful narratives from the different disciplines to develop fresh thinking on how these complex issues can be approached and made accessible for decision makers and citizens. The network is engaging with Scottish cultural institutions and will result in an interdisciplinary academic conference, public engagement events, a research monograph and an AHRC grant application to develop the network and themes further.

Scottish Enterprise Enterprise Fellowship (April 2016)

Aboubakry Diallo Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University Turning under-utilised resources from the food and drink Industries into higher-value, high-quality products Horizon Proteins Ltd, a spin-out company from Heriot-Watt University, has developed a process for using malt whisky distilleries’ by-products to produce a sustainable, nutritionally-suitable protein feed ingredient for salmon feed. Traditionally, whisky by-products have been used directly as animal feed. However, as the global population grows and the demand for food increases, emerging protein markets require protein of far higher quality and of a consistent composition. By adapting techniques more usually applied to high-value pharmaceutical products, and taking advantage of a unique process engineering skillset within our team, we have developed and patented a cost-effective process, that operates under mild conditions and is readily scalable, to recover protein nutritionally suited for salmon. This technology adds significant value to a traditionally under-utilised by-product, improves performance of downstream operations such as anaerobic digestion and, therefore, has significant benefits when integrated into a distillery.

26 Research Awardees 2016

Scottish Enterprise Enterprise Fellowships (April 2016)

Paula Fox Duncan of Jordanstone College of Art & Design, University of Dundee Nixvis Ltd Visibility is key on the mountain; skiers and snowboarders are at risk of being lost or injured during hazardous conditions. Nixvis develops innovative, advanced performance and visual safety apparel using integrated Nixvis ; technology, the wearer will be able to convey distress, upcoming hazards and different types of visual coding which could potentially save a life. Nixvis integrated technology can also be adapted for several different applications from different sports to emergency services, roadside assistance, oil rig safety and children’s safety apparel.

Simon Edward Lamont Duncan of Jordanstone College of Art & Design, University of Dundee The Iron Ocean “Centurion 3” Between 1976 and 2016, there have been 26 commercial helicopter crashes, claiming the lives of 51 people. Current legislation requires all people travelling via commercial helicopters in the oil and gas industry to wear three layers of clothing under a protective safety suit. This aims to add extra protection from cold temperatures of, for example, the North Sea, where hypothermia and shock are major causes of death. Iron Ocean Ltd have been developing a three layer upper body product which would increase the present 10–12 minute exposure to over one hour. This could mean the difference between living or dying while waiting to be rescued from the sea. The key to this garment, and what sets it apart from any other garment, is the proposed material which will retain heat through its thermal plate design and increase the likelihood of survival for the wearer.

James McIlroy School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Aberdeen EuroBiotix CIC Faecal microbiota transplantation (also known as FMT or a stool transplant) is the term used to describe the transfer of faecal material from a healthy donor into a patient suffering from diseases associated with the gastrointestinal tract. FMT has gained significant attention due to its remarkable efficacy in treating recurrent C.difficile infection (rCDI), with cure rates of around 90%, as well as showing promise as a treatment for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and metabolic syndrome. EuroBiotix CIC is a multi-award winning community interest biotechnology company that was incorporated on November 5th 2014 (SC490561). The company is developing and commercialising a highly scalable stool collection and production platform that incorporates state of the art microbiology techniques and technology to produce highly characterised, frozen faecal microbiota products for use in FMT.

27 Research Awardees 2016

Scottish Enterprise Enterprise Fellowships (April 2016)

Dr Salman Malik Edinburgh Research & Innovation, University of Edinburgh MicroSpray Technologies – High-throughput Particle Production MicroSpray Technologies’ mission is to revolutionise particle manufacturing for pharmaceutical and research industries using an innovative, simple and cost-effective spray technology. Currently, pharmaceutical firms use chemical methods to manufacture microscopic particles/spheres, which poses substantial challenges, owing to their formulation complexities and associated costs. Through the Enterprise Fellowship, MicroSpray Technologies will aim to bring to market multiplexed atomisation devices that enable the manufacture of particles at a rate 16x more rapidly and cheaper than current methods. This process is safer, sustainable and economical, with dramatically reduced size complexity. Our device enables reproducible control over particle size and production rates are unmatched by any other aerosol generation technique. Its supreme control over particle size (up to monodispersity) will allow clinicians to administer the rate at which drugs are delivered to patients, cutting down on repeated administrations currently costing the NHS £700M/year.

Karena Moore-Miller Design Manufacture & Engineering Management (DMEM), University of Strathclyde Top-to-toe technology, changing the way you see yourself! Karena Moore-Millar is a product designer based at the University of Strathclyde. Her work looks at products to promote positive body image for those who’ve experienced loss; either of a limb or scalp hair (alopecia). She is looking at adopting mass manufacturing technologies to create semi-tailored products. She wants to set new standards in affordable prosthetic covers and wigs for people with medical hair loss.

Callum Murray Edinburgh Research & Innovation, University of Edinburgh Amiqus Resolution: Intelligent data driven resolution of commercial disputes online The cost of accessing legal expertise and traditional court process is, for most SMEs and consumers, complex, lengthy and not financially viable. Accessing civil justice is, however, fundamental to civil society. We’re building an online platform to quickly and affordably resolve commercial disputes, without appearing in court or tribunal, by harnessing open data. By integrating machine learning and intelligent data analysis to our system, we are able to provide specific and relevant case material, allowing users to make informed decisions based on their circumstances and statistical likelihood of success. We’ve built an initial prototype scoped to consumer legislation, which text mines user content, links to legislation then provides relative case law suggestions. In parallel, we’ve also now built anti-money laundering and identity steps for legal and financial services, which are revenue generating and engage with our target market. 28 Research Awardees 2016

Scottish Enterprise Enterprise Fellowship (April 2016)

Michael Tougher Product Design Engineering, Glasgow School of Art Dots Music is wonderful, but for young children traditional instruments are not suitable, engaging or creative. Age seven is when most children learn a traditional instrument. It is at this age that they possess the physical skills to do so. Despite this, musical products below this age range are smaller replicas of these instruments. Dots utilised innovative technology to create musical building blocks which can be arranged in various ways and stacked on top of each other. Dots is open, creative and free, encouraging the children to explore and experiment, leading to long-lasting play value and strong educational learning. There will also be an option to connect to a smart device to provide a range of options to further engage and educate children. The goal is to empower and enable musical play. Scottish Enterprise Enterprise Fellowships (October 2016) Amanda Louise Day Design Manufacture & Engineering Management (DMEM), University of Strathclyde The AllDay Travel system All Day Designs is a Product Design and Manufacture house revolutionising the 0–4-years-old child travel equipment market. The first innovation – AllDay Excite – creates one versatile product that removes the need for parents to carry multiple items to cater for a child’s differing activity levels on a day out and also reduces the number of equipment purchases, saving up to £400. The company’s vision is to revolutionise child travel products by combining multiple functionality with convenience, high performance and inspiration. In order to provide the market with well engineered, seemingly simple, and robust products, the majority of components required for the unique additional functions are custom designed. In addition, in order to reduce the ability for a competitor to copy the products, custom components and mechanisms provide a clear differentiator not only from an aesthetic standpoint, vastly increasing market impact, but more importantly, allowing protection of the design.

Michael Harkins Research & Enterprise Services, Heriot-Watt University Turtle Pack “40% of children in the UK cannot swim” and “Drowning is the 3rd highest accidental death in Britain”. Despite being a very popular leisure activity, the importance of learning to swim is often forgotten about. Introducing Turtle Pack, a national award- winning flotation device, designed to revolutionise the ‘learn to swim’ market. Turtle Pack triumphs over existing products with its four key concepts: 1. Arms free 2. Correct Horizontal Body Position 3. Progressional Aspect 4. And most importantly it is FUN! Turtle Pack is best described as a progressional swimming stabiliser. As the child’s confidence and coordination improves in the water the buoyancy can be easily reduced. As swimming advocates and budding entrepreneurs, we desire to reduce these alarming statistics by integrating Turtle Pack into swim schools and swimming establishments all across the country and, one day, the world. But ultimately, we want to emphasise that swimming is so much more than a sport but a lifelong skill, which could inspire a nation to a healthier and safer future.

29 Research Awardees 2016

Scottish Enterprise Enterprise Fellowships (October 2016)

Dr Philip McParlane School of Computing Science, University of Glasgow Scoop Analytics: Detecting breaking news in real time from social media streams Combining ten years of research, Scoop automatically monitors social media to give instant alerts to breaking news stories as they happen, and before they hit mainstream media. Scoop addresses the need to react quickly to breaking news, as evidenced by several markets, by providing a web-based dashboard that alerts the user when a new story is breaking, filtering the noise from traditional social media streams. Specifically, Scoop Analytics provides journalists, financial traders and marketers with early warnings on news or events related to their investments / brands that are breaking on social media. We operate ahead of mainstream media news sources, of trends, and of retrospective social media analytics tools, enabling traders to capitalise on early intelligence by moving ahead of the rest of the market on investment transactions, and news agencies to drive increased traffic and associated ad revenue from their websites.

Manuel Peleteiro School of Computing, Edinburgh Napier University Inbest, customer acquisition and engagement platform for the financial industry Consumer patterns in the financial industry are changing rapidly and bank branches are seldom visited by customers. As a result, it is harder to engage with customers and sell them value-added financial products. Moreover, banks’ competitive position is being weaken by comparison sites that push them to compete on price. Investment Solver offers to financial providers Inbest, an end-to-end digital platform to acquire new customers and increase products’ cross-selling. This platform consist of: • Financial apps that help clients to respond to the most common financial planning questions through the different stages of the buying journey. • Data-driven display ads to place the financial apps on websites whose audiences match target customers’ behavioural and demographic profiles. • Analytics solution that delivers insights on customers’ behaviours and their financial needs. In addition, it help banks to understand their sales channels performance and the structure of their book of business.

Corien Staels Adam Smith Business School, University of Glasgow WheelAir by Staels Design Staels Design Ltd was formed to meet unmet needs in rehabilitation product design and mobility equipment. The company’s award-winning flagship product, WheelAir®, seeks to alleviate a number of pain points currently faced by wheelchair users. Staels Design identifies three key pain points for which it provides solutions with WheelAir: (1) comfort; (2) pressure sore development; and (3) spinal cord Injury temperature regulation. The research to be fulfilled throughout this fellowship consists of the creation of a high quality, safe to use product that provides solutions to all three of these issues experienced by wheelchair users.

30 Research Awardees 2016

BBSRC Enterprise Fellowships (April 2016)

Dr Brian Miller Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University uFraction8; fast, flow-through liquid particle processing Liquid–particle separation and concentration is prevalent in a number of industries and applications, from filtration to collect environmental samples to high throughput centrifugation for algae and bacterial dewatering in biomanufacture. uFraction8 has developed a novel technology for overcoming many of the limitations inherent in these currently adopted technologies. Specifically, offering a near-threefold increase in recovery of samples for Cryptosporidium monitoring in treated drinking water, when compared to filtration. Enhancing scalability and energy efficiency in biomanufacture, as well as eliminating complications related to high shear effects when compared to centrifugation. Our technology provides a platform enabling new processes and efficiencies across a number of applications. Our initial target market of drinking water monitoring has gained support from Scottish Water and the Drinking Water Quality Regulator of Scotland. We aim to validate our technology's performance against the established protocols to gather the evidence required for regulatory approval.

Dr Daniel Stabler Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University Commercialisation of a pollen substitute for honeybee colonies Every year, commercial beekeepers in the US spend over £35 million on supplementary feed for their colonies when natural forage is unavailable. However, none of the existing products available is suitable as a substitute for pollen and bees can only be sustained on these diets for a maximum of eight weeks before colonies die. At Apix Nutrition we have developed a pollen substitute that is balanced in all the essential nutrients found in the foods that bees would naturally eat. Following a series of exploratory and experimental research, we quantified the chemical composition of honey and hive-stored pollen using accurate analytical techniques, including HPLC, HPIC and GCMS. We incorporated these chemical data with behavioural assays in which bees were able to regulate their consumption. The result of this work has led to the development of a pollen substitute that improves survival and cognition of honeybees.

Dr Shelby Temple School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol Commercial development of a device to assess macular pigment density in the eye as an indicator of risk of developing age-related macular degeneration. Macular pigments are molecules in the retina that improve our vision and protect the eye from high-energy visible (blue) light and oxidants, both of which cause deterioration of vision and lead to degenerative diseases such as age-related macular degeneration. We get our macular pigments only from our diet, but most of us don't know if we are getting enough because there is no clinically suitable method of measuring them. Azul Optics has developed a way of assessing macular pigments based on the ability of humans to see polarized light (phenomenon called Haidinger's brushes). The approach enables the rapid assessment of macular pigments on a device costing a fraction of the price of existing technologies. We are working towards making macular pigment testing with our approach part of every eye exam, to help promote better vision and prevent disease.

31 Research Awardees 2016

BBSRC Enterprise Fellowships (October 2016)

Dr Andrei Constantinescu Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University Alginate encapsulation for hypothermic storage of stem cells and cell-based products Our alginate cell encapsulation technology can provide novel ambient temperature storage of live cells for short-term storage and transport (up to two weeks). This technology is based on encapsulation by alginate hydrogels and is aimed at several markets. The cell therapeutics market can benefit from an efficient, safe and cheap short-term storage and transport technology that does not involve the use of cryogenics (reduced therapeutic value, high costs, difficult to maintain). Also, the alginate cell encapsulation can target the laboratory supply market by development/ integration of cell-based assays for drug discovery and toxicity testing, which ensures the health and consistency of cells. We intend to bring our hypothermic storage technology to the commercial sector by engaging companies involved in transport of therapeutic cell samples and research cell lines, as well as implementing hydrogel hypothermic storage for cell-based assays used in drug discovery and toxicity testing.

Dr Tom Simmons Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge Industrial biotechnology exploitation of glycan analysis technology Glycan analysis is crucial to for the development of the industrial biotechnology sector and a green bio-based economy. For example this glycan analysis technology is important for assessing different biomass sources for use as biofuel feedstock, as well as in the discovery and development of new glycan-active enzymes, which are used in biofuel production in addition to detergents and food processing. We have developed a novel technology for analysis of glycans, which, during lab tests with commercial partners, has been proven to be faster and cheaper than competing technologies. Further, our core team are world-leading academic experts in biomass use for biofuels, with many years combined expertise in the area. We will exploit this commercial opportunity in the industrial biotechnology sector, focusing on enzyme discovery and development.

STFC Enterprise Fellowship (October 2016)

Dr Sakari Ihantola Department of Physics, Imperial College London Direction-sensitive neutron spectrometer The threat of terrorism is the most pressing current issue for worldwide security services. As terrorist groups become more organised, better financed and more sophisticated, the threat of nuclear terrorism becomes ever more real. At the same time, countries are forced to look for alternative technologies for the detection of nuclear and radioactive materials out of regulatory control, due to limited resources and shortages of He-3 currently used in neutron detectors. The proposed business would tackle these issues by bringing a novel neutron detector with world-leading capabilities to market. The detector is based on our recent breakthroughs in the combined use of information from different radiation-sensitive materials. Unlike any detector commercially available, it can measure both the energy and direction of the incoming neutrons. Therefore, it is capable of both identifying and locating the source of radiation. These features are also crucial for neutron field characterisation for radiation protection purposes.

32 Scottish Crucible Leadership & Development Proogramme fforor Scotland’’ss Research Leaderss of the Future 20099-2016

27 50:550 741 Research Gender ratioo on 243 institutions the programme mme Applications Participants represented

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www.ScottishCruciible.org.uk @S@ cotCruccible ScottishCruccible@h@ w.ac.uk

Scottish Crucible is an award-winning leadership and development programme for Scotland’s ‘Research leaders of the future’. Over the past eight years, the programme has selected 243 highly talented researchers representing all academic disciplines, universities and research organisations across Scotland to take part in its prestigious programme. Each annual cohort goes on to join the Scottish Crucible Alumni Network, continuing to work together to forge new ideas for pan-Scotland collaboration in research and innovation. Scottish Crucible aims to foster development of four key attributes: collaboration; interdisciplinarity; innovation; and leadership, inspiring researchers to be more ambitious, creative and innovative in their research and interdisciplinary collaborations. The programme runs via a series of intensive, two-day workshops (called ‘Labs’) held between April and June each year, comprising a wealth of guest speakers, seminars, skills sessions, tours and informal discussions. Participants gain a unique opportunity to broaden their networks with senior colleagues from different sectors, including the Royal Society of Edinburgh, Scottish Government, Scottish Parliament, business and industry.

33 Research Awardees 2016

Participants in Scottish Crucible 2016

Dr Robert Barker Dr Lisa Boden Dr Alexander Brownlee Dr Pablo Casaseca Dr Silvia Casini School of Science School of Veterinary Computing Science School of Engineering Department of Film & Engineering Medicine & Mathematics & Computing & Visual Culture University of Dundee University of Glasgow University of Stirling University of the West of University of Aberdeen Scotland

Dr Linda Ferrington Dr Daniel Friedrich Dr Katherine Hayden Dr Amanda Jarvis Dr Karen Johnston School of Health Sciences Institute for Energy Centre for Evolutionary School of Chemistry Department of Chemical Queen Margaret Systems Plant Health University of St Andrews & Process Engineering University University of Edinburgh Royal Botanic Garden University of Strathclyde Edinburgh

Dr Ferry Melchels Dr Filippo Menolascina Dr Karen Meyer Dr Richard Orton Dr Adrian Quarterman Institute of Biological Institute for School of Arts, Media Centre for Virus Research School of Science Chemistry, Biophysics Bioengineering & Computer Games University of Glasgow & Engineering & Bioengineering University of Edinburgh Abertay University University of Dundee Heriot-Watt University

34 Research Awardees 2016

Participants in Scottish Crucible 2016

Dr Stella Chan Dr Caitlin Cottrill Dr Neeraj (Bean) Dhaun Dr Kristofer Erickson Dr Alessandro Fedrizzi Department of Clinical Centre for Transport Department of CREATe, School of Law Institute of Photonics Psychology Research Cardiovascular Sciences University of Glasgow & Quantum Sciences University of Edinburgh University of Aberdeen University of Edinburgh Heriot-Watt University & NHS

Dr Suk-Jun Kim Dr Yunhyong Kim Dr Timm Krueger Dr Poppy Lamberton Dr Tiziana Lembo School of Language, Humanities Advanced School of Engineering Institute of Biodiversity, Institute of Biodiversity, Literature, Music & Technology & Information University of Edinburgh Animal Health & Animal Health & Visual Culture Institute Comparative Medicine Comparative Medicine University of Aberdeen University of Glasgow University of Glasgow University of Glasgow

Dr Melanie Stefan Dr Nick Taylor Dr Martine van de Weg Dr Szu-Han Wang Dr Matthew Warden Centre for Integrative Duncan of Jordanstone Owner & Consultant Centre for Clinical Brain Fraunhofer Centre for Physiology College of Art Off Road Consulting Sciences Applied Photonics University of Edinburgh & Design University of Edinburgh Glasgow University of Dundee

35 The Royal Society of Edinburgh (RSE) is Scotland’s National Academy of Science & Letters. It is an independent body with charitable status. The Society organises conferences and lectures for the specialist and for the general public. It provides a forum for informed debate on issues of national and international importance.

Its multidisciplinary Fellowship of men and women of international standing provides independent, expert advice to key decision-making bodies, including Government and Parliaments.

The Society’s Research Awards programme annually awards well over £2 million to exceptionally talented young researchers to advance fundamental knowledge, and to develop potential entrepreneurs to commercialise their research and boost wealth generation.

Among its many public benefit activities, the RSE is active in classrooms from the Borders to the Northern Isles, with a successful programme of lectures and hands-on workshops for primary and secondary school pupils.

The Royal Society of Edinburgh, working as part of the UK and within a global context, is committed to the future of Scotland’s social, economic and cultural wellbeing.

The Royal Society of Edinburgh

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