Fishes of the eastern part of the

Indo-Australian Archipelago with remarks on its zoogeography

BY

\y\ L. F. de Beaufort

EERBEEK.

(With Plate II and 8 figures in the text).

13 PRAEDA ITINERIS

a L. F. de Beaufort in Archipelago indico facti

annis 1909-1910.

X.

Fishes of the eastern part of the Indo-Australian

Archipelago with remarks on its zoogeography

BY

D*. L. F. DE BEAUFORT,

EERBEEK.

(With Plate II and 8 figures in the text).

The collection in the of fishes, brought together during my voyage eastern part of the

Indo-Australian Archipelago in 1909—1910, consists of about 1700 specimens belonging to of 9 to of these nearly 270 species, which were apparently new science. 7 I have described

Rhombatractus catherinae Zool. XXXVI. previously, viz.: in: Anz. p. 250, while the following have been described in: Zool. Anz. XXXIX. 136: Gobius gobies p. (Cryptocentrus) stigmatophorus, Sicyop-Gobius (Rhinogobius) scapulopunctatus, Schismatogobius bruynisi, Sicyopus multisquamatus, terus brevis, Sicyopterus longifilis.

Doryrhamphus brevidorsalis and Gobius oyensi are described here for the first time.

far the of' the collected and By greater part fishes were by my wife myself, but valuable

additions were presented to me Dr. P. Th. Justesen, at that time by military surgeon at But Messrs. M. J. Baarcla on, van and G. A. Maan, missionaries at Halmahera, and Mr. L. de Bruyne,

to "posthouder" at Sorong, New Guinea. I hereby express my thanks these gentlemen. In working out these collections I had not only the advantage of being able to consult Prof. Max Weber's manuscript on the fishes of the Siboga Expedition, but this able ichthyo- with useful logist helped me most kindly, many suggestions out ot his rich experience, which little added through not a was to my ichthyological knowledge and I became better

trained to collaborate to the work "Fishes of the Indo-Australian Archipelago", in which Prof.

and I Weber are now engaged.

I am glad to have an opportunity of thanking my esteemed master for his help and

which makes the of our in friendship, prospect working together coming years a pleasant one. I will begin this paper with a systematic list of the species collected, and discuss in the

the fishfauna of the islands visited and its sequal bearing upon the zoogeography of that part ot the Indo-Australian Archipelago.

In the the literature is which systematic part only quoted so far, as to leave no doubt

is meant. in critical the literature is species Only cases given more fully. 96

I. Systematic part.

ELASMOBRANCHII

SELACHII

Chiloscyllium Müller & Henle.

1. Chiloscyllium freycineti (Q. G.)

et Poiss. 192. Scyllium freycineti Quoy Gaimard, Voy. Uranie, p.

llium malaisianum Zool. II 94. Scy Lesson, Voy. Coquille, p.

210—470 from Dec. 3 spec. mm, Saonek, 1909, January 1910.

This species is only known from the specimens described by the above named authors from Waigeu. Bleeker recorded Ch. malayanum from Batjan and Java, but Günther (Cat. Mus. 412 and that Ch. Brit. VIII p. 413) proved Bleeker's specimens were indicum (Gm. L.)

Ch. is and punctatum M. H. As has already been stated by Günther (I.e. p. 411), freycineti closely allied to Ch. occellatum (Gm. L.) and Ch. trispeculare Rich, from Australia, differing above the In from these species by the absence of a black, white-edged ocellus pectoral.

dark much the above my specimens there are two brown spots, darker than those on body,

the that fin, but they are not edged with white. These spots are not shown in figure given In by Lesson, which is otherwise correct, except in the outlines and position of the gill-slits.

the fourth fifth are as the other members of the my specimens and slits close together in

The second is wider than the first which is much the orbit. genus. slit one, wider than

Richardson's Ch. of the dorsal fin is According to figure of trispeculare the upper border more

in with the in concave Ch. freycineti, forming a very acute angle hindborder, specially

is also the larger specimen, as described by Quoy & Gaimard and figured by Lesson. The

is in Australian lip of the lower jaw not continuous in the middle, as is also the case the species.

TELEOSTOMI

Clupeidae

Stolephorus Lac.

1. Stolephorus indicus (v. Hass.).

indicus 1823. 329. Engraulis van Hasselt, Algem. Konst- en Letterbode p.

VI 32. Stolephorus indicus Bleeker, Atl. Ichth. p.

Ambon, 3 96—69 December 1909 fishmarket, spec. mm, 7. 3 70 —64 1910. spec. mm, February,

2. Stolephorus heterolobus Rüpp.

heterolobus Wirbelt. Stolephorus Rüppell, Neue Fische p. 79.

heterolobus Atl. Ichth. VI. 126. Stolephorus Bleeker, p.

4 60—64 from the Dec. 3. 1909 spec. mm, fishmarket at Briton,

3. Stolephorus zollingeri (Blkr.).

Journ. Ind. Arch. II. 73. Engraulis zollingeri Bleeker, p. Atl. 127. Stolephorus zollingeri Bleeker, Ichth. VI. p.

2 spec. 58 and 70 mm, from the fishmarket at Buton, Dec. 3. 1909. 97

Clupea L.

1. Clupea (Harengula) atricauda Gthr. V 245 C. Harengula melanurus Bleeker, Nat. Tijd. Ned. Ind. p. (nee V.). VII 426. Clupea atricauda Günther, Cat. Brit. Mus. p. VI 106. Clupea (Harengula) atricauda Bleeker, Atl. Ichth. p.

9 —155 W. Ceram. March 1910. spec. 139 mm, from Kairatu, 1,

2. Clupea (Harengula) moluccensis (Blkr.). Nat. Indië IV 609. Harengula moluccensis Bleeker, Tijdschr. Ned. p. moluccensis Atl. Iehth. YI 107. Clupea (Harengula) Bleeker, p.

kunzei Atl. Iehth. Yl 107. Clupea (Harengula) Bleeker, p.

B 130—135 December 1909. spec. mm, Saonek,

7 52—132 1910. spec. mm, Ambon, January

2 1. spec. 120 mm, Kairatu, W. Ceram, March 1910.

3. Clupea (Harengula) schrammi (Blkr.).

schrammi Verh. Bat. XXII. Bali 11. Alosa Bleeker, Gen. Bydr. iehth. p.

schrammi Atl. YI 109. Clupea (Harengula) Bleeker, Iehth. p.

2 circa 74 and 140 from the rishmarket at Ambon. December 7. 1909 spec, mm mm,

and February 1910.

4. Clupea (Amblygaster) sirm Riipp.

sirm Neue Fische Clupea Rüppell, Wirbeith. p. 77.

VII 255. Sardinella leiogastroides Bleeker, Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Indië p.

Atl. Iehth. YI 102, Clupea (Amblygaster) leiogastroides Bleeker, p. sirm VIII 383. Clupea Günther, Fische der Südsee, Heft p.

7 circa 50— 3. spec, 150 nun, Buton, fishmarket, December 1909.

Siluridae

Paraplotosus Blkr.

Elongate, tail tapering, head depressed, mouth transverse, rounded in front. Lips thick,

with papillae and vermiculated folds. Upper lip very prominent, perforated at its underside near the mouth opening by the anterior nostrils, which look downward and a are surmounted anteriorly by very prominent caniculated lip.

nostril slit between and in front of which Posterior a eye upper lip, a

of nasal barbel. A supramaxillary barbel near the end the upper lip, a

rnandibulary barbel below the corner of the mouth, two mental barbels

between the rnandibulary barbels. Eye not covered by skin. A short

behind with and dorsal, beginning the origin of pectorals, few rays a

A second united with the and spine. dorsal, caudal, the mouth strong long beginning Fig. 1. View of

and of albi- before origin of ventrals. It is many-rayed as well as the long anal lips Paraplotosus labris (C.V.) from below. which is with the Ventrals 12—13 fin, also united caudal. with rays. n nostril. Pectorals with a spine and 12— 13 rays. Maxillary teeth conical, with t teeth. barbel. md mandibnlary rounded tips and arranged in two rhombic patches with rounded lateral barbel. m mental edges. Inframaxillary ones in two aproximated semi-crescentic patches, teeth the anterior row strong and conical, the posterior ones molars. Vomerine molar, on the a crescentic patch, hinclermost the stronger. First branchial arch with a finely crenulated

membrane along the innerside of the horizontal branch, which bears 22 gillrakers. The

third branchial second and arches with a series of long cartilaginous processes, covering the confluent base of the gill-laminae 011 the sides facing each other. Gillmembranes in the middle, 98

only the anterior portion of their confluent part connected with the isthmus. Branchiostegals

9—11. A dendritic anal. very conspicuous organ between anus and

albilabris The genus Paraplotosus was proposed by Bleeker for Plotosus C.Y. with the la following words : „Cette espèce est remarquable par

position des narines dans la lèvre supérieure même au

milieu des clés papilles labiales, par la disposition dents

intermaxillaires, très convexe et la par son profil par gran- deur des bien yeux. L'ensemble de ces caractères pourrait

conduire à voir y un genre distinct, qu'on pourrait nom-

mer Ichth. II Paraplotosus". (Atl. p. 100).

Bleeker never a of' and con- gave diagnosis the genus tinued in his later papers to call the species Plotosus

2. Inner view of second branchial arch Fig. albilabris, as was done by most other authors. of Paraplotosus albilabris (C.V.). Günther however Brit. Mus. V (Cat. p. 26) included this in his he in the of species genus Copidoglanis, although says diagnosis the genus: in He did of the of "nostrils as Plotosus". so evidently on account presence a membrane along the first branchial arch. By the pecular position of the anterior nostrils and by the

of a dendritic behind the is from the known presence organ vent Paraplotosus distinguished species of Copidoglanis. By the last named character it approaches Plotosus and Cnidoglanis.

It differs both of Plotosus however from genera by the position the anterior nostrils; from

the by presence of cartilaginous processes on the second and third branchial arch and from

Cnidoglanis by the gillmembranes being free from the isthmus. Moreover it differs from

with which of Plotosus, genus it is most related, by the situation the second dorsal fin, which originates before the origin of the ventrals and not behind it as in Plotosus.

1. Paraplotosus albilabris (C.V.).

Plotosus albilabris Cuvier & XY Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss. p. 427.

Plotosus albilabris Atl. Ichth. II 99. Bleeker, p.

albilabris Brit. Mus. V 26. Copidoglanis Günther, Cat. p.

One 340 specimen, mm, from Sorong. New Guinea. Jan. 1910. (L. de Bruyne leg.)

Plotosus Lacépède.

1. Plotosus anguillaris (Bi.).

Platystacus anguillaris Bloch, Ausländ. Fische VIII p. 61.

Plotosus arab Atl. Ichth. II 98. Bleeker, p.

Plotosus Cat. Brit. Mus. anguillaris Günther, V p. 24.

2 82 and 87 spec. mm, Saonek. December 1909.

1 84 L. de spec. mm, Sorong, New Guinea, Bruyne leg. 5 spec. 65—70 mm, Buton, Dr. Justesen leg.

Anguillidae.

Genus Anguilla Cuvier.

1. Anguilla celebesensis Kp.

celebesensis Cat. Anguilla Kaup, Apodal Pish, p. 42.

celebesensis Max 39. Anguilla Weber, Siboga-Exp. Fische, p.

1 170 mm. course of the river Ceram. spec. Upper Tuba, W. February 27. 1910 (fresh water).

2. Anguilla mauritiana Beim.

mauritiana Bennet, Proc. Comm. Zool. Soc. London 1831 Anguilla p. 128 mauritiana Anguilla Mas Weber, Siboga-Exp. Fische, p. 37.

One 810 river specimen, mm, from a near Kajeli, Buru (fresh water). Dec. 9. 1909. 99

8. Anguilla spec. juv.

1 69 Waiu December 25. 1909. spec. mm, River waigé, Waigeu,

5 45—60 River spec. mm, Waihâ, Waigeu (fresh water).

Muraenichthys Bleeker.

1. Muraenichthys schultzei Blkr.

schultzei Nat. Ned. Ind. XIII 366. Atl. Ichth. IV 88. Muraenichthys Bleeker, Tijdschr. p. p.

schultzei Günther. Brit. Mus. VIII 52. Muraenichthys Cat. p.

663. Muraenichthys schultzei Day, Fishes of India 4°, p.

from Ambon. 1910. One specimen, 75 mm, coralreef at February

Leiuranus Bleeker.

I. Leiuranus semicinctus (Lay & Benn.). Blossom, 66. Ophisurus semicinctus Lay & Benuett, Zool. Voy. p.

Leiuranus colubrinus Bleeker, Atl. Ichth. IV p. 43 (S. Syn.).

Liuranus semicinctus Günther, Cat. Brit. Mus. VIII p. 54.

Leiuranus semicinctus Jordan & Proc. IT. S. Nat. Mus. XXIII 866, Snyder, p. Fische der Südsee. Heft Liuranus semicinctus Günther, IX p. 396.

One spec., 470 mm, from Saonek, December 1909.

are while this has 25—35 bands There only 21 bands in my specimens, normally species

and tail. The 2 on the head are connected the sides on body first bands irregularly along is of the head, the fourth and fifth band do not encircle the body as the case with all the

the is the following bands, none of which are interrupted along ventral side, as commonly

in this case species.

I don't think that these differences are of any importance. It is known that the number

Bleeker 1. of' bands decreases with age (-vide c.).

Aphthalmichthys Kaup.

1. Aphthalmichthys javanicus Kp. I Aphthalmichthys javanicus Kaup, Arch. Naturg. XXII, p. 68.

AtL Ichth. IY 16. Aphthalmichthys javanicus Bleeker, p. Cat. Brit. Mus. VIII 92. Fische der Heft IX 405. Moringua javanica Günther, p. Südsee, p.

270 from the reef at Jan. 1910. One specimen, mm, Saonek, 21,

2. Aphthalmichthys abbreviatus Blkr.

abbreviatus Ned. Dierk. I 163. Atl. Ichth. IY 17. Aphthalmichthys Bleeker, Tijschr. p. p.

abbreviata Cat. Brit. Mus. VIII 92. Fische der Heft IX 406. Moringua Günther, p. Südsee, p.

abbreviatus Jordan & Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. XXIII 877. Aphthalmichthys Snyder, p.

at and Two specimens, 250 and 300 mm, from the reef Saonek, Dec. 1909 Jan. 1910.

from March 1910. One Specimen, 195 mm, Ambon,

x The last named has a shorter head, a little more than of' the total specimen /10 length.

it is I that it A. abbreviatus and to As a young specimen, don't doubt belongs to not A. ma-

head is of the total Günther 1. des crocephalus, where the Vo length, as says c. „Die Länge Kopfes is 12 —-13 in etwa niai in der Totallänge enthalten." mal, jungen 10'/2

Sphagebranchus Bloch, Schneider.

1. Sphagebranchus mindora (Jord. & Eich.). mindora Jordan & Bull. Bur. Fish. 239. Caecula Richardson, XXVIT p.

Deceinb. 20. 1909. One specimen, 380 mm, Waigeu, river Waihâ, fresh water above rapids,

it This species is related to Sphagebranchus macrodon Blkr, from which differs in having

and a extent of the cleft of the mouth. a longer snout, a smaller eye larger 100

Mu raenidae.

Grymnothorax Bloch.

1. Gymnothorax brummeri (Blkr.). XVII 1S7. Muraena Brummeri Bleeker, Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Ind. p.

Brummeri Atl. Strophidon Bleeker, Iehtl. IY p. 109.

Atl. Ichth. IY 109. Strophidon polyodon Bleeker, p.

IX Muraena brummeri Günther, Fische der Südsee Heft p. 420.

One specimen, circa 550 mm long, from Ambon, February 1910.

with Bleeker's I think My specimen quite agrees description of Strophidon polyodon, but

Günther is right in uniting this species with S. brummeri. I don't think there is reason to

the the adopt genus Strophidon as given by Bleeker, only difference with Gymnothorax

being the greater length of body and tail compared to height of body and length of head.

2. Gymnothorax richardsonii (Blkr.). Nat. Ind. Muraena Richardsonii Bleeker, Tijdschr. Ned. III p. 296.

IY 100. Gymnothorax Richardsonii Bleeker, Atl. Ichth. p.

Gymnothorax ceramensis Bleeker, Atl. Ichth. IV p. 101.

Muraena Richardsonii Fische der Heft IX 414. Günther, Siidsee, p.

Three 1909. specimens, 100— 350 mm, Saonek, reef, Dec.

3. Gymnothorax polyuranodon (Blkr.).

Muraena Nat. Ned. Ind. Y 248. polyuranodon Bleeker, Tijd. p.

Atl. Gymnothorax polyuranodon Bleeker, Ichth. IY p. 89.

Muraena Cat. Brit. Mus. YIII Fische der Heft polyuranodon Günther, p. 114, Südsee, IX p. 421.

One 330 specimen, mm, Batu merah, Ambon (brackish), February 1910.

4. Gymnothorax monochro us (Blkr.) ?

Muraena monochrous Nat. Ned. Ind. X 384. Bleeker, Tijdschr. p.

monochrous Atl. Ichth. IY 106. Gymnothorax Bleeker, p.

of circa 100 mm from coralreefs A young specimen length, at Ambon, may possibly belong to the above named species.

5. Gymnothorax? spec. juv.

4 small from the reef at very specimens Saonek, Decemb. 1909

Echidna Forster.

1. Echidna nebulosa (Ahl.).

Muraena N. De Mur. nebulosa J. Ahl, et Ophichth. p. 5.

IV Echidna variegata Bleeker, Atl. Ichth. p. 80.

Muraena nebulosa Fische der Heft IX 423. Günther, Südsee, p.

1 430 Saonek. spec. mm,

2. Echidna delicatula (Kp.).

I. Poecilophis delicatulus Kaup, Arch. Naturg. XXII, p. 67.

Echidna delicatula Atl. Ichth. IV 78. Bleeker, p.

Muraena Günther, Cat. Brit. Mus. VIII 132. amblyodon p. pro parte. Echidna delicatula Jordan & Bull. Bur. Fish. XXV Seale, p. 201.

350 450 from December 1909. 2 spec. ancl mm, Saonek, 101

3. Echidna spec. juv.

Two small 65 and 67 from the reef at Saonek. specimens mm, Possibly they are young E. polyzona Rich.

Anarchias Jordan & Seale ¹).

1. Anarchias allardicei Jord. & Seale r).

& Bull. Bur. Fish. XXY 204. Anarchias allardicei Jordan Seale, p.

Bull. Bur. Fish. XXY 205. Anarchias knighti Jordan & Seale, p. Fische der 421. Muraena allardicei Günther, Südsee, Heft IX p.

77— 138 from in all allardicei 2 specimens, mm, Ambon, agree respects with A. except

the length of the snout, which is like that of A. knighti. These two species however have

been, according to me rightly, united by Günther.

Myctophidae.

Saurida Cuvier & Valenciennes.

1. Saurida tumbil (Bl.) Salmo tumbil Bloch, Ausländ. Fische, IX p. 112,

Saurida tumbil Bleeker, Atl. Ichth. VI p. 155.

One from the fishmarket specimen, 104 mm, at Ambon, Dec. 7. 1909.

Synodus Gronovius.

1. Synodus variegatus (Lac.).

Hist. Salmo variegatus Lacépède, Nat. Poissons, Y p. 157.

Atl. Ichth. YI Synodus synodus Bleeker, p. 154 (nee L.).

One specimen, 142 mm, from the reef at Saonek, December 1909.

Centriscidae.

Aeoliscus Jordan & Starks.

1. Aeoliscus strigatus (G-thr.) Cat. Brit. Mus. III 528. Amphisile strigata Günther, p.

Aeoliscus Max 98 strigatus Weber, Siboga-Exp. Fische, p.

1910. 18 specimens, 75—97 mm, Beo, Majalibit-bay, Waigeu, January

3 Dr. specimens, 14—23 mm, Buton, Justesen leg.

Fistularidae.

Fistularia Linné.

1. Fistularia depressa Gthr.

Fistularia Shore 69. depressa Günther, Challenger Report, Fishes, p.

820 December 7. 1909. 1 spec. mm, Ambon, fishmarket,

480 1 spec. mm, Saonek, January 10. 1910.

The well as the two cited here Jordan & Seale under the 1) genus, as species are described by heading: “Anarchias & where Jordan & Starks, new As there is no to work of Jordan Starks, descriptions of genus." reference any this genus and I it correct to mention Jordan & Seale and not Jordan & Starks as the authors. species occur, think 102

Aulostomidae.

Aulostomus Lac.

1. Aulostomus valentini (Blkr.).

IV 608. Polypterichthys valentini Bleeker, Nat. Tydschr. Ned. Indië, p.

Aulostoma chinense Cat. Brit. Mus. III 538 Günther, p. (nee L.).

2 and 250 1910. specimens, 160 mm, Ambon, February

Both at intervals the It specimens show lighter cross bars, running regular on body. is that bars fact worth mentioning these are continued on the elongated snout, which may be regarded as one evidence more against the lately advocated theory, that cross bars are correlated with the segmentation of the body.

Syngnathidae.

Syngnathus Artedi.

1. Syngnathus brevirostris Biipp. 144. Syngnathus brevirostris Rüppell, Neue Wirbelthiere, Fische, p. XV 465. Syngnathus andersonii Bleeker, Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Ind. p. Ned. Ind. XY 467. Syngnathus tetrophthalmus Bleeker, Nat. Tijdschr. p.

brevirostris Cat. Brit. Mus. Syngnathus Günther, VIII p. 167.

Brit. VIII Syngnathus tetrophthalmus Günther, Cat. Mus. p. 169.

562. Syngnathus brevirostris Hunzinger, Synopsis Fische Roth. Meer. p.

Max Syngnathus brevirostris Weber, Siboga-Exp. Fische, p. 106.

2 24—26 December 1909 1910. specimens, mm, from the reef at Saonek, and January

the head I find these Both specimens show distinct filaments on as well as on the body. too in much older specimens from the Malay Archipelago.

2. Syngnathus spicifer Riipp.

Neue 143. Syngnathus spicifer Rüppell, Wirbelthiere, Fische, p. Cat. Syngnathus spicifer Günther, Brit. Mus. VIII p. 172.

Fische Roth. 650. Syngnathus spicifer Hunzinger, Synopsis Meeres, p.

One 91 from 1909 specimen mm, river Rabiai, Waigeu, December 81. (fresh water). One 63 specimen nun, from Kairatu, West-Ceram, February 17. 1910.

3. Syngnathus haematopterus Blkr.

Bat. 20. Syngnathus haematopterus Bleeker, Yerh. Gen. XXV p.

Fische d. Heft IX 431 Syngnathus haematopterus Günther, Südsee, p.

8 spec., 50—57 mm, Saonek, reef. December 1909, January 1910.

Doryrhamphus Kp.

1. Doryrhamphus brachyurus (Blkr.).

Syngnathus brachyurus Yerh. Bat. Gen. XXV 16. Bleeker, p.

Cat. Brit. 184. Doryichthys brachyurus Günther, Mus. VIII p. Fische der Südsee, Heft

IX p. 433.

126 from 2 specimens, 108 and mm, a freshwater brook near Kajeli, Buru, December 9.1909.

5 specimens, 74—183 mm, from Kairatu, West-Ceram, February 16. (brackish).

2. Doryrhamphus mento (Blkr.).

Act. I Syngnathus mento Bleeker, Soc. Indo-Neerl. p. 75.

One specimen, 62 mm long, river at Kajeli, Burn, Dec. 9. 1909 (fresh water). 103

3. Doryrhamphus caudatus (Pet.)

Akad. Microphis caudatus Peters, Mcraatsber. Wiss. Berlin, 1868, p. 276. IX 482. Doryichthys caudatus Günther, Fische der Südsee, Heft p.

2 20. fresh water. spec. 60 —67 mm, river Waihâ, AVaigeu- December 1909,

2 West Ceram, Febr. spec. 140 mm long, upper course of the river Tuba, 27. 1910.

9 mm W. Febr. 20. spec. 110—115 long, from a brook near Kairatu, Ceram, 1910.

A small M specimen, mm, from Kajeli, Buru (fresh water), probably belongs to this species too.

4. brevidorsalis Doryrhamphus n. sp. D. 24. P. 17. Cingulum 16 + 28. Body higher than broad, its height almost 20 times in

the total length. Head 65 in total length, almost 8 in length of head and trunk. Tail slightly than longer trunk and head together. Upper profile of snout concave. Snout about equal to

of head and median postorbital part twice as long as eye, with a ridge, ending before the

Orbital continued of the but eyes. ridges on the postorbital part head, not continuous with

the dorsal of the A median behind the and edges body. slightly scalloped ridge begins eyes

is and continued to the second body-ring. Operculum with a strong median ridge radiating

striae. of the serrated the those the Edges body very slightly between rings, of tail almost

The of the with of the smooth. dorsal edges body are not continuous those tail and end on

,h the 5 caudal ring. The dorsal edges of the tail begin on the last body-ring. The lateral

and in the tail. The median line bends downward passes the ventral edges of ventral ridge

of the is The dorsal fin the last body not very prominent. begins on body-ring and dark band ends on the beginning of the sixth tail-ring. Colour light brown. A runs from the the and is continued the where snout through eye and the operculum on body, it

A becomes indistinct. light ocellus with dark border on each caudal ring along its ventral

margin.

One specimen, 42 mm long, from a stream near Kajeli, Buru, December 9. 1909

(fresh water).

D. in This species seems to be allied to caudatus (Pet.), from which it differs the shorter

dorsal which has a smaller of fin, number rays.

Coelonotus Peters.

1. Coelonotus leiaspis (Bleek er).

Syngnathus leiaspsis Bleeker, Verh. Bat. Gen. XXY p. 20.

Cath. Fish. Brit. Mus. 61. Hemithylacus leiaspis Kaup, Lophobr. p.

Cat. Brit. Mus. VIII 188. Coelonotus leiaspis Günther, p.

Hist. Nat. Poiss. II 572. Syngnathus leiaspis Duméril, p.

1. c. 599. Hemithylacus leiaspis Duméril, p.

Coelonotus Jordan & Bull. Bur. XXVII 246. leiaspis Richardson, Fisheries, p.

94 at One 9? mm long, from a river Kajeli, Buru, Dec. 9. 1909 (fresh water).

159 river Dec. 81. One d% mm long, from the Rabiai, Waigeu, 1909 (fresh water).

This species was described as Syngnathus leiaspis by Bleeker after two female specimens

from Java. who able Kaup, was

to examine males of this species,

the also from Java, founded genus

Hemithylacus for this species, on account ofthe abdominal egg-pouch and other characteristics. Günther

Fig. 3. Coelonotus leiaspis (Blkr.) united this genus with Peter's genus of which males but in Coelonotus, based on a species were unknown, agreeing its generic

in Hemithylacus. characters every respect with 104

the and Coelonotus leiaspis was hitherto only known from Java, Philippines Madagascar. in By previous authors the coloration of this species is described as uniform, which is not

in the accordance with my well-preserved specimens, as may be seen accompanying figure. the under side In the Waigeu-specimen the upper sides of the body and tail are brown, yel- the of lowish. A dark brown stripe running from the hinder margin of the eye along sides

tk the trunk. The anal and the 2nd 4th 5th 7 th 10 th 18th 15th 18th 22 nd and 26 tailring ring, , , , , , , , ,

with brown the ventral to the tortoiseshell-like are speckled on side, giving rings a appear-

In the brown ance. the Buru-specimen the markings on the tail-rings are not visible, and

pigment of the sides of trunk and tail is concentrated along the margins of the rings and brown- the intersutural plates. These last, being round and almost white, form a row of

edged ocelli.

Gasterotokeus Heckel.

1. Gasterotokeus biaculeatus m

biaculeatus Ausl. Fische IY 10. Syngnathus Bloch, p. Mus. VIII Fische der Gasterotokeus biaculeatus Günther, Cat. Brit. p. 194. Südsee, Heft

IX p. 484.

4 at spec., 160—200 mm, fishmarket Ambon, December 7. 1909.

146 1 spec., mm, fishmarket at Macassar, March 11. 1910.

Hippocampus Rafinesque.

1. Hippocampus kuda Blkr.

kuda Nat III 82. Hippocampus Bleeker, Tijdschr. Ned. Ind. p.

Cat. Brit. Hippocampus guttulatus Günther, Mus. VIII p. 202 (partim).

kuda & 15. Hippocampus Jordan Snyder, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. XXIV p.

Fische der Heft IX 435 Hippocampus guttulatus Günther, Südsee, p. (S. Syn.).

One 165 from specimen, mm, Ambon, February 1910.

Scomberesocidae.

Hemirhamphus Cuv.

1. Hemirhamphus far (Forsk.).

Anim. Esox far Forskâl, Descript. p. 67.

Atl. Iclith. VI 54. Hemirhamphus far Bleeker, p.

d. Hemirhamphus far Günther, Fische Südsee II p. 357.

One 240 at the of specimen, mm, obtained fishmarket Ambon. Dec. 7, 1909.

2. Hemirhamphus quoyi C. V.

Cuvier & Hist. Nat. Poiss. XIX 35. Hemirhamphus quoyi Valenciennes, p. Ichth. VI Hemirhamphus quoyi Bleeker, Atl. p. 57.

154-—203 10 specimens, mm. Beo, Majalibit-bay, Waigeu. January 1910.

3. Hemirhamphus (Zenarchopterus) buffonis C. V.

Cuvier & Hist. Nat. Poiss. 48. Hemirhamphus Buffonis Valenciennes, XIX p.

Atl. VI 62. Zenarchopterus Buffoni Bleeker, Ichth. p.

One specimen, 83 mm (beak damaged), Saonek, Dec. 19. 1909.

126 One specimen, mm long, Bajon, .Majalibit-bay, Waigeu (salt water)

4. Hemirhamphus (Zenarchop terus) dispar C. V.

Cuvier & Hist. Nat. XIX 58. Hemirhamphus dispar Valenciennes, Poiss. p.

63. Zenarchopterus dispar Bleeker, Atl. Ichth. VI p.

Fische II Zenarchopterus dispar Günther, der Südsee, p. 358. 105

One <ƒ, 140 mm long, Saonek, December 19. 1909.

B 14. 1910. cfcf, 150—170 mm, Mirdika-river, Ambon, February

Atherinidae.

Atherina Artedi.

1. Atherina forskåli Rtipp. Forskåli 132. Atherina Rüppell, Neue Wirbeith. p. V 504. Atherina lacunosa Bleeker, Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Indie, p. III Atherina Forskåli Günther, Cat. Brit. Mus. p. 397.

345. Atherina Forskåli Day, Pishes of India, 4° p.

213 Atherina lacunosa Günther, Fische der Südsee, p. (p. p.).

130. Atherina Forskåli Klunzinger, Fische des Roten Meeres, p.

3 82—86 December 1909. spec. mm, Ambon, fishmarket, 7,

with the of A. The band the My specimens agree descriptions forskåli. silvery along

narrower than it to be, not sides however, is, as mentioned under A. pinguis, slightly ought quite reaching the middle of the fourth row of scales.

2. Atherina pinguis Lac.

Atherina Nat. V 372. pinguis Lacépède, Hist. Poissons, p. Nat. X 447. Atherina pectoralis Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Poissons, p.

Atherina Soc. Sc. Ind. Neerl. VIII 85. pinguis Bleeker, Act. p.

Atherina Cat. Brit. Mus. III 339. pinguis Günther, p. Fische 213 Atherina lacunosa Günther, der Südsee, II p. (partim).

Atherina 4° 344. pinguis Day, Fishes of India, p.

Atherina Fische d. Roten 130. pinguis Klunzinger, Meeres, p.

Atherina Hist, de 409. pinguis Sauvage, Madagascar, Poissons, p. Atherina pinguis Max Weber, Siboga-Exp. Fische, p. 135.

1 spec. 83 mm, from Saonek. December 1909.

am that to the above-named the I not quite sure my specimen really belongs species,

most important discrepance being the broad silvery band along the sides, which covers

the half of the fourth lateral of is in broader than the band in upper row scales, fact, my

I A. In it of specimens which refer to forskåli. other respects agrees with the descriptions

at of the A. pinguis, notably in the presence of a dusky blotch the end pectoral.

Mus. I. Note. Ogilby's recent investigations on these species (Mem. Queensl. 1912, p. 36)

too late in hands in the came my to use them determination of my specimens.

3. Atherina temminckii Blkr.

Atherina Temminckii Bleeker, Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Ind. V p. 506

1910. One specimen, 76 mm, from Kairatu, W. Ceram, Febr. 28,

shows of black under the lateral in My specimen two longitudinal rows spots line, as

A. endrachtensis duodecimalis. In all other it and in some of my specimens of A. respects

agrees with Bleeker's description.

4. Atherina duodecimalis C.V.

duodecimalis Hist. Nat. X 458, Atherina Cuvier & Valenciennes, Poissons, p.

Atherina duodecimalis Ind. II 485. Bleeker, Nat. Tydschr. Ned. p. 406. Atherina duodecimalis Sauvage, Hist. Madagascar. Poissons, p.

3 67 —105 Jan. 1910. spec. mm, Majalibit-bay, Waigeu,

band have The two longitudinal rows of scales beneath the silvery more or less distinct 106

black dots, a feature not in accordance with the descriptions of the above-named authors,

the Last-named and giving to my specimens appearance of A. endrachtensis. species, as shown

two smaller A. duo- by my specimen from the same locality and of the same length as the

decimalis is almost as from my collection, differs by its longer pectoral, which long as the

as well as the much wider interorbital than the diameter head, by space, which is greater of the difference between the eye, whereas it is less than eye in A. duodecimalis. Another

two 1. that in first dorsal is these species, mentioned by Sauvage c., is, A. duodecimalis the

at distance from the base of the caudal and of the an equal from the hindmargin eye,

while in A. endrachtensis it is nearer to the caudal.

5. Atherina endrachtensis Q.G.

Atherina endrachtensis Quoy & Graimard, Uranie et Voyage Physicienne, Zoologie, p. 334. Atherina endrachtensis Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poissons, X p. 456. II 638. Atherina bimanensis Bleeker, Journ. Ind. Archipel, p.

Atherina endrachtensis Hist. 406. Sauvage, Madagascar. Poissons, p.

Max Atherina endrachtensis Weber, Siboga-Exp. Fische, p. 136.

63 Jan. 1910. 1 spec. ram, Majalibit-bay, Waigen,

1 spec. 113 mm, from Kairatu, West Ceram, February 28. 1910.

I have but little doubt that the described species shortly by Bleeker as A. bimanensis, belongs to A. endrachtensis.

I have made some remarks on this species under A. duodecimalis.

5. Atherina spec. juv.

One 24 specimen, mm, from Kairatu, W. Ceram, February 16. 1910.

Melanotaeniidae.

Rho m batractus Gill.

1. Rhombatractus catherinae de Bfrt. (Plate II, fig. 1).

Rhombatractus catherinae de Zool. Ariz. XXXVI 250. Beaufort, p.

11—IB I. D. I. 4 (rarely B or 5). I. (generally 12). A. 19—23 (generally 20) P. 13—14. V. I. 5. L.l. 32—35 (generally 34). L. t. 12 (111).

Dorsal Strongly compressed. profile almost straight from first dorsal to point of snout, in than in small sloping more rapidly large specimens; horizontal from first to second

from here to dorsal and down the tail. Ventral profile convex. sloping very Height in spe-

cimens 100 mm and —3, in smaller of longer 21 specimens 3—31 times in the total length, and 21—2k and 21 —31 times in the length without caudal. Length of head 4- 41 times in

the total, 3|—-3f in the length without caudal. Head Diameter of moderately pointed. eye in the and 1 ' times in fiat 3—3s times length of the head the or even slightly convex inter- orbital Snout rather 2| space. short, to almost 3 times in length of head. Gape of mouth

horizontal in the first of its oblique, more 1 length. Upper jaw covered by praeorbital when closed. The the mouth is intermaxillary does not reach below the of the frontmargin eye. covered its whole It is swollen and on surface with several rows of conical small teeth. The swollen in front mandibles are also and have similar teeth, which decrease in number

A narrow band of teeth on the vomer. on posteriorly. No teeth the palatines. Teeth on the

edentulous. Scales with pterygoids present. Tongue cycloid, partly feeble indentations; dorsally reach to the the cheeks in 3 they eyes; on longitudinal rows, reaching under the eyes. Pectorals longer than head without snout. Base of ventrals below that of pectorals in large smaller backward. The ventrals specimens, in specimens more reach to the second or third

anal first of the first dorsal is about ray. The spine opposite to that of the anal and equal 107

of to that of the second dorsal, both beiug about 1 of the length the head. In small specimens it is about 16 scales between comparatively longer. There are rows of the vertex and first

dorsal The anal is curved backward and is to the spine. spine equal diameter of the eye.

Dorsal and anal fin of about the same height. Caudal incised, less so and with the lobes

Peduncle tail than in more rounded in large specimens. of scarcely longer high large specimens. brown the Colour in spirits or yellowish brown on back, ventrally whitish. A broad from base black lateral band runs the hinder border of the eye over the of the pectoral to

the caudal, at least as broad as one scale. For colours in fresh state see fig. 1, on Plate II.

in fresh in in the All specimens were captured water, most cases uppercourse of the

rivers and brooks, where the ground is rocky and the water clear. They live in shoals.

59—119 river Dec. Bl. 1909. 15 spec. mm, Babiai, Waigeu.

10 Jan. spec. 18—90 mm, brook Wai Semi, Waigeu. 1910.

226 Wai Jan. 1910. spec. 12—89 mm, brook Menil, Waigeu.

1 river Jan. 1910. spec. 96 mm, Bajon, Waigeu.

I have after who named this species my wife, accompanied me on my travels and had

share the a great in collecting of zoological specimens.

Mugilidae.

Mugil L. 1. Mugil rossi Blkr,

Nat. Ned. Ind. YII id. XVI Mugil rossi Bleeker, Tijdschr. p. 45. p. 276.

rossi Max 1B8. Mugil Weber, Siboga-Exp. Fische, p.

69 1910. 1 spec. mm, Saonek, January

1 spec. 92 mm, Sorong, New Guinea, January 1910, L. de Bruyne leg.

2 51 Batu March spec. —61 mm, Ambon, merah, 1910.

I under M. on account of the of the the range my specimens rossi position dorsal, origin

of which is situated nearer to the base of the caudal than to the tip of the snout.

in the of this which I am somewhat doubt about validity species, may be a variety of

M. waigiensis, as has been suggested by Günther.

2. Mugil sundanensis Blkr.

sundanensis Nat. Ned. Mugil Bleeker, Tijdschr, Indië, IV p. 265.

Nat. Ned. Mugil brachysoma Bleeker, Tijdschr. Indië, IX p. 399.

sundanensis Nat. Ned. XVI Mugil Bleeker, Tijdschr. Indië, p. 276. Ac. Soc. Sc. Indo-

45 Neerl. YIII p.

One specimen, 235 mm, from mouth of river at Baton, isle of Buton, Dec. 3, 1909 (brackish). -

3. Mugil subviridis C. Y.

subviridis Cuvier & Hist. Nat. Poiss. XI 115, Mugil Valenciennes, p. subviridis Fishes 4° 353. Mugil Day, of India, p.

215 Dec. 1909 One specimen, mm, Ka/jeli, Buru, 9, (fresh water),

4. Mugil bleekeri Gthr ?

bleekeri Cat. Brit. Mus. III Mugil Günther, p. 445.

M borbonicus idem 375. ugil Bleeker, Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Indië, XYI p. 279, XVIII p.

7 57—110 mm, Saonek, December 1909 and 1910. spec. January Halmahera, Maan. 1 spec. 98 mm, Buli, collected by Mission.

7 69 —80 Batu Merah, March 1910. spec. mm, Ambon,

M. seheli Forsk. axillaris The following East-Indian Mugil-species: (= Blkr.), bleekeri 108

Gt.hr., suppositus Gthr. (= borbonicus Cant.) and caeruleomaculatus (Lac.) Blkr. have the fol-

in The membrana not attain attains lowing points common: palpebralis does or scarcely

the almost There is iris. The maxillary is entirely or hidden by the praeorbital. an elongated

pointed scale in the axil and a black spot at the upperside of the base of the pectoral. The

second and fin to number of scales in the dorsal anal are opposite eachother. The lateral

line is not far from 40, being 40 —45 in M. seheli and 38, 38—39, and 40 in the three

other species.

in the table : The chief differences between these species are recorded following

M. seheli M. suppositus M. bleekeri M. coeruleomaculatus

thick Upperlip (thin?) thin thin thick

of first D. as far from snout far to of Position as from snout nearer base as far from snout

from than to snout as base of caudal as from base of caudal tail as from base of caudal

Anal III 9—10 III 8 III 9—10 III 9—10

Pectoral shorter than head shorter than head shorter than head longer than head

Lin. lat. 40—45 40 38—39 38

to M. caeruleomaculatus be its According this table may easily distinguished by long

The differences between three salient. is pectoral. the remaining are not so M. suppositus characterised anal number of these chiefly by its small number of soft rays. Although the

is constant in I went far in rays fairly Mugil, think Günther too creating a new species,

known from a while it in moreover single specimen only, upon this characteristic, agrees all other points with M. seheli. Last named species differs from M. bleekeri only in having

1—6 scales more in the lateral line and in the fact that the first dorsal is as far from the

snout as from the base of the caudal. Considering the great number of common points I don't

think that the two named differences are sufficient to separate them, and I think it very pro-

bable when and M. bleekeri that, more material will be available, M. seheli, M. suppositus may be the material at I will them united. For moment, having no my disposal, keep apart.

in all with M. but the My specimens agree respects bleekeri, for lips, which are thick and even slightly papillatecl in the specimens caught at Saonelt in December. Max Weber

Fische (Siboga-Exp. p. 139) has mentioned thick lips in his specimens of M. bleekeri. I cannot

that lay much stress on this fact, as f. i. Bleeker states of M. axillaris (= M. seheli) the lips

are thick, while Günther (Südseefische) calls them thin, as is also done by Hunzinger (Fische des Eothen Meeres).

Jordan and Seale axillaris and (Bull. Bur. Fish. XXY p. 217) unite M. caeruleomaculatus,

I think wrongly, as the pectoral is stated to be longer than the head in last-named species

by Cuvier & Valenciennes, Bleeker and Günther.

5. Mugil ceramensis Blkr.

ceramensis IN at. Ned. III 699. id. Act, Mugil Bleeker, Tijdschr. Indië, p. XVI p. 277.

48. Soc. Sc. Indo-Neerl., VIII p.

5 177—247 specimens, mm, Kajeli, Buru, Dec. 9. 1909 (fresh water).

6. Mugil borneensis Blkr.

borneensis II id. XVI Mugil Bleeker, Nat. Tijd. Ned. Indië, p. 201, p. 278,

One 235 specimen, mm, Kajeli, Buru, Dec. 9. 1909 (fresh water)

7. Mugil crenilabis Forsk.

crenilabis Forskâl, Descr. Aminal. 73. Mugil p.

? macrocheilos Nat. Ned. YII Mugil Bleeker, Tijdschr. Indië, p. 43.

Mugil crenilabis Günther, Fische der Südsee, p. 219.

crenilabis Fische Roth. Meer. 4°. 132. Mugil Klunzinger, p. 131,

1 100 December 1909. spec. mm long, from Saonek, 109

As part of the scales had fallen off, I could not ascertain the exact number of them

in the but in the fish with the Günther 1.1., other respects so closely agrees descriptions of and of I Klunzinger, that 1 have no doubt about the correctness my determination. am not

sure that Günther is right in uniting M. macrocheilos Blkr. with crenilabis, as Bleeker states

uniserial etc. that the head is smaller, the fringe on the upper jaw

8. Mugil spec. juv. (borneensis Blkr. 1)

3 37 —43 from Kairatu, W. Ceram, possibly belong to young specimens, mm, Mugil I find however differences in and in the borneensis Blkr. some the length of the head place

of the anal fin, which may be due to their juvenile age.

A specimen of 35 mm from the reef at Saonek, December 1909, probably also belongs to this species.

9. Mugil? spec. juv.

A larva of 11 mm from the reef at Saonek, 1910, to this January possibly belongs genus.

Polynemidae.

Polynemus L.

1. Polynemus zophomus Jordan & Mc Greg.

Jordan Proc. IT. S. Nat, XXX Polynemus zophomus & McGregor, Mus. p. 814.

Jordan & Bull. Bur. Fish. 11. Polydactylus zophomus Seale, XXVI p.

Max 142. Polynemus zophomus Weber, Siboga-Exp. Fische, p.

One 195 from the fishmarket at specimen, mm, Ambon, Dec. 7. 1909.

Sphyraenidae.

Sphyraena Artedi.

1. Sphyraena commersonii C.V. commersonii Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss. Ill 352. Sphyraena p. Gen. XXVI Sphyraena commersonii Bleeker, Verh. Bat. p. 15. Oat. Brit. Mus. II 338. Sphyraena commersonii Günther, p. of 4°. 343. Sphyraena commersonii Day, Fishes India, p.

One specimen, 110 mm long, from Saonek, December 18. 1909. One 87 from Buton specimen, mm, (Dr. Justesen leg.).

I not last-named am quite sure of the determination of specimen, as the maxillary does far border of this however by not reach below the front the eye; may be due to the youth of the specimen.

the A Sphyraena of 44 mm, from reef at Saonek, may possibly belong to this species, I but it has the markings of Sphyraena jello C.V. However, can't count more than about.

80—90 scales in the 1.1.

Ophiocephalidae.

Ophiocephalus Bloch.

1. Ophiocephalus striatus Bl.

striatus VIII 141. Ophiocephalus Bloch, Ausländ. Fische p. striatus XIX Ophiocephalus Bleeker, Verh. Akad. Amsterdam p. 42.

from March 1910 Many young specimens, 15—47 mm, Telaga Tihu, Ambon,

15 110

Holocentridae.

Holocentrum Artedi.

1. Holocentrum tiereoides Blkr.

V 334. Ned. Holocentrum tiereoides Bleeker, Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Ind. p. Tijdsehr.

IY 228. Dierk. p.

3 specimens, 136—152 mm, Ambon, March 1910

2. Holocentrum rubrum (Forsk.).

rubra Animal, 48. Sciaena Forskâl, Descript. p.

Dierk. Holocentrum rubrum Bleeker, Ned. Tijdschr. IV p. 224

Saonek. 1 spec. 102 mm,

1 143 1910. spec. mm, Ambon, February

3. Holocentrum sammara (Forsk.).

Sciaena 48. sammara Forskâl, Descript. Animal, p.

Ned. Holocentrum sammara Bleeker, Tijdschr. Dierk. IY p. 213,

109 One specimen, mm, from Saonek.

Myripristis Cuv.

1. Myripristis adustus Blkr. adustus Indië 1Y 108. Myripristis Bleeker, Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. p. Ned. Tijdschr. Dierk.

IY p. 193.

1 specimen from Buton, December 3. 1909.

1 it It is with some hesitation that range my specimen under this name, as lacks the

black markings characteristic of this species. It has however the axil and the hindborder

M.of the operculum black. There are no teeth onma-the chin, as stated to be the case in crolepis, with which species M. adustus is closely related (cf. Max Weber, Siboga-Exp. Fische

p. 187).

Centrarchidae.

Kuhlia Gill.

1. Kuhlia marginata (C. V.).

Dules Cuvier & Ill marginatus Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss. p. 116,

Atl. Ichth. YII Moronopsis ciliatus Bleeker, p. 120.

Kuhlia Cat. Brit. Mus. ed. I marginata Boulenger, sec. vol. p. 38.

1 Dec. 9. spec. 190 mm, Kajeli, Buru, 1909. (fresh water).

2 150 and stream at 11. spec. 170 mm, Batjan, Dec. 1909 108 1 spec. mm, Buli, Halmahera (Mission. Maan leg.). 1 82 river spec. mm, Lam-lam, Fofak Bay, North Waigeu, January 5. 1910. river 8 spec. 83—210 mm, Ème, W. Ceram, February 20 and 24. 1910.

2 70 —79 spec. mm, upper course of river Tuba, West Ceram, February 27. 1910.

2. Kuhlia rupestris (Lac.).

Hist. Nat. Poiss. IY 252 Centropomus rupestris Lacépède, p. and 273.

Atl. Ichth. 121. Moronopsis rupestris Bleeker, VII p.

Kuhlia Cat. Brit. Mus. 2ad ed. 36. rupestris Boulenger, - vol. I p.

2 270 and 290 from a river spec. mm, near Kajeli, Buru, December 9. 1909 (fresh water). 111

Kyphosidae.

Kyphosus Lac.

1. Kyphosus cinerascens (Forsk.).

Sciaena cinerascens 53. Forskâl, Descript- Anim. p.

tahmel Brit. I 499. Pimelepterus Günther, Cat. Mus. p.

15. Pimelepterus cinerascens Bleeker, Atl. Ichth. IX p.

Kyphosus cinerascens Jordan & Thomson, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. XLI p. 596.

10. 1909. One specimen, 390 mm, from Sanana, Sula islands, Dec.

Toxotidae.

Toxotes Cuvier.

.1. Toxotes jaculator Pall.

Toxotes Phil. Transact. LYI jaculator Pallas, p. 186.

Toxotes 4. jaculator Bleeker, Atl. Iehth. IX p.

3 specimens, 193—137 mm, Majalibit-bay, Waigeu.

Serranidae.

Centrogenys Richardson.

1. Centrogenys waigiensis (Q. Gr.),

& Gaimard. Zool. Uranie et Scorpaena waigiensis Quoy Voy. Physicienne, p. 324. Atl. Centrogenys waigiensis Bleeker, Ichth. YII p. 68.

A specimen of 73 mm, from the fishmarket at Macassar, March 11. 1911.

Epinephelus Bloch.

1. Epinephelus pachycentrum (C.V.).

Serranus Cuvier & Hist. Nat. Poiss. II 295. pachycentron Valenciennes, p.

Cat. Brit. Mus. 2 nd Epinephelus pachycentrum Boulenger, ed. I p. 178.

One specimen, 47 nam, from the reef at Saonek, December 1909.

One 56 from 1910. specimen, mm, Ambon, February

2. Epinephelus fasciatus (Forsk.).

Perca fasciata Forskal, Descr. Animal, p. 40.

Atl. Ichth. 66, Epinephelus fasciatus Bleeker, YII p.

Cat. Mus. 2nd ed. I Epinephelus fasciatus Boulenger, Brit. p. 238.

One specimen, 175 mm, from the fishmarket at Ambon, March 1910,

3. Epinephelus summana (Forsk.).

Perca 42 summana Forskal, Descript. Animal, p.

2lld Epinephelus summana Boulenger, Cat. Brit. Mus. ed. I p. 248,

6 25 the spec. —155 mm, from reef at Saonek.

Paracanthistius Bleeker.

1. Paracanthistius maculatus (Bl.)-

Bodianus IY maculatus Bloch, Ausländ. Fische, p. 48. Paracanthistius leopardinus Bleeker, Atl. Ichth. YII p. 25. Paracanthistius maculatus Bleeker, Atl. Ichth. YII p. 26.

maculatum Cat. Brit. Mus. 2nd ed. Yol. I 160. Plectropoma Boulenger, p-

2 220 and 260 to the maculatus from the fishmarket specimens, mm, belonging variety , at Macassar, March 12. 1910. 112

Anyperodon Günther.

1. Anyperodon leucogrammicus (C.V.). II Serranus leucogrammicus Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss. p. 259.

Atl. Anyperodon leucogrammicus Bleeker, Ichth. VII p. 28.

2nd 270. Anhyperodon leucogrammicus Boulenger, Cat. Brit. Mus. ed. I p.

One specimen, 280 mm, from the fislimarket at Ambon, Febr. 12. 1910.

Plesiops Cuvier.

1. Plesiops nigricans (Rüpp.).

Atlas Pharopteryx nigricans Rüppell, Reise Afrika, p. 15.

Neue Wirbeith. 5. Plesiops nigricans Rüppell, p.

coeruleolineatus Neue Wirbeith. Plesiops Rüppell, p. 5.

Nat. Ned. Ind. IV Plesiops corallicola Bleeker, Tijdschr. p. 280.

& Bureau Pharopteryx nigricans Jordan Seale, Bull. Fish. XXY p. 260.

Plesiops nigricans Max Weber, Siboga-Exp. Fische, p'. 212.

9 spec. 14—138 mm, reef at Saonek, Dec. 1909, Jan. 1910.

2. Plesiops melas Blkr.

melas Verh. Bat. Gen. XXII 9 Plesiops Bleeker, p.

melas & Fish. 261 Pharopteryx Jordan Seale, Bull. Bur. XXV p.

melas Max 213. Plesiops Weber, Siboga-Exp. Fische, p.

52—67 from the reef at Saonek. i spec. mm,

3. Plesiops? spec. juv. I small fish of 19 with doubt to this the membrane refer a mm length some genus, as between the clorsal spines is only slightly incised.

Gr r ammi s te s Artedi.

1. Grammistes sexlineatus (Thunb.).

Perca Yetensk. Ac. Handl. Stockh. 142. sexlineata Thunberg, XIII p.

YII Grammistes orientalis Bleeker, Atl. Ichth. p. 70.

2ad Grammistes sexlineatus Boulenger, Cat. Brit. Mus. ed. I p. 346.

at One specimen, 39 mm, from the reef Saonek, December 27. 1909.

Priacanthus Cuvier.

1. Priacanthus hamrur (Forsk.)

Sciaena hamrur Forskâl, Descr. Animal, p. 45.

Priacanthus Atl. YII 13. hamrur Bleeker, Ichth. p.

Priacanthus hamrur Cat. 2 nd Boulenger, Brit. Mas. ed. I p. 355.

Three specimens, 200—210 mm, A.mbon, February 1910.

Ambassis C.V.

1. Ambassis urotaenia Blkr.

Ambassis Nat. Ned. Ind. III urotaenia Bleeker, Tijdsehr. p. 257. Atl. Ichth. YIII p. 185.

Fishes of 55. Ambassis urotaenia Day, India 4°. p. Bull. XXVI Priopis lungi Jordan & Seale, Bur. Fish. p. 18.

Ambassis & Seale, Bull. Bur. Fish. XXVI urotaenia Evermann p. 75.

Ambassis Evermann & Seale, Bull. Bur. Fish. XXVI 75. lungi p. 113

72 Dec. Bl. 1909 1 spec. mm, mouth of the river Rabiai, Waigeu, (brackish).

6 the Batu and March 1910. spec. 80—96 mm, from Ambon, partly from river merah, February

2 70 and 88 from the mouth of the river W. 16. 1910. spec. mm, Riuapa. Ceram, February

of than with that of My specimens agree better with the description Day Bleeker, having

scales Bleeker's collection too I find only one row of on the cheeks. In a specimen of only this of 2 I am of' that difference is not one row, in stead a3 mentioned by Bleeker. opinion has been done sufficient to separate the forms with one row as A. lungi, as by Jordan and

difference. It is true that these Seale, as I am not aware that there is another noteworthy broken lateral line characteristic authors as well as Seale and Evermann also mention a as a

and of A. lungi. This does not hold good however, as on one of my specimens from Ambon on at another from Ceram the lateral line is continuous on one side, whereas it is interrupted the other side.

2. Ambassis buruensis Blkr.

Ambassis Nat. Ind. XI B96 buruensis, Bleeker, Tijdschr. Ned. p.

Ambassis buruensis Nat. Vei'h. Holl. d. Wetensch. 3 ,le Deel , Bleeker, Mpij Verz., II,

n° Atl. 2, p. 98. Ichth. VIII p. 137.

& Bull. Bureau Fisheries Priopis buruensis, Jordan Seale, XXVI, 1906, p. 18.

river Mirdika 19 75—63 Febr. Ambon, spec. mm, 14. 1910.

river Batu Ambon, Merah 6 spec. 78—66 mm. Febr. March, 1910.

Ambon, sea 1 spec. 75 mm.

1 62 Burn, Kajeli, spec. mm, Dec. 9. 1909.

My specimens agree with Bleeker's description, but the orbital is serrated below,

in others. As I can not find other differences slightly some specimens, very conspicuously in

and the serrations almost obsolete in I do not hesitate to as are some individuals, bring my specimens to the above-named species.

29 25—44 the to young specimens mm, from river Mirdika, Ambon, probably belong this species too.

3. Ambassis commersoni C. V.

Nat. Poiss. II 176. Ambassis commersonii Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. p.

YIII 136. Ambassis commersonii Bleeker, Atl. Ichth. p.

Fishes of 4° 52. Ambassis commersonii Day, India, p.

170 Dec. 9. 1909 One specimen, mm, Kajeli, Burn, (fresh water).

but for In every respect my specimen agrees with the description given by Bleeker, is the number of scales in a row between the vertex and the first dorsal, which about 16 or

in states. this number of 17 my specimen, and not about 13 as Bleeker By higher

which is said have scales my specimen agrees with Ambassis batjanensis Blkr., species to 2 the lateral but to allied to A. only scales above line otherwise seems be very closely com-

been mersoni, as has already remarked by Day 1. c.

4. Ambassis dussumieri C. V.

181. Ambassis dussumieri Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1828. II p.

& v. Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1830. VI 378. Priopis argyrozona (K. H.), p.

Chanda dussumieri Cantor, 1850. Cat. Mai. Fishes, p. 988.

Ambassis gymnocephalus Bleeker (nee Lacép.), jSfatuurk. Verh. Holl. Mpij cl. Wetensch.

99. Atl. YIII 138. 3.10 Yerz. II. n° 2 p. Ichth. p.

Ambassis of 4° 54. gymnocephalus Day (nee Lacép.) Fishes India, p.

25 Njanjef Waigeu, Dee. 1910. 1 spec. 55 mm.

9 Majalibit-bay, Waigeu, Jan. 1910. spec. 55-—45 mm.

Bleeker considered Lutjanus gymnocephalus of Lacépède to be the above-named species 114

saying I.e.: "On reconnaît aisément l'espèce dans la figure du Lutjan gymocéphale de Lacé-

pède". Day followed Bleeker's consideration in his "Fishes of India". However, when we consult

the fish with unbroken lateral line figure given by Lacépède (III pl. 23, fig. 3), we see a an

and with a much longer dorsal fin than that of. A. dussumieri. Moreover, Lacépède states

in the text "Huit et articulés à la du (IV p. 181): rayons aiguillonés treize rayons nageoire dos". II It is clear that this fish never can be A. dussumieri. Cuvier & Valenciennes p. 131,

fish to be identical founded his suppose Lacépède's with A. commersonii, because Lacépède made species on a drawing by Commerson, the discoverer "of A. commersonii. They suppose that a mistake in the number of of rays the dorsal fin was made in the drawing. Günther,

Fishes I also A. (Cat. p. 223) placed Lutjanus gymnocephalus among the sinonyms of com-

without however its mersonii, acknowledging priority. I think it best to put Lutjanus gymno- the list of doubtful cephalus in species of Ambassis. In this list Günther also places Priopis

& G. a fish described Cuvier argyrozona (K. v. H.) V, by and Valenciennes after a drawing of Kuhl and the who later van Hasselt, who named species. Bleeker, on got possession of this drawing, states that it represents his A. gymnocephalus.

Apogon Lacépède.

1. Apogon orbicularis C. Y.

& Hist. Nat. Poiss. II 155. Apogon orbicularis Cuvier Valenciennes, p.

Amia orbicularis Bleeker, Atl. Ichth. YII p. 79.

2 and 100 from the spec. 87 mm, Majalibit-bay, Waigeu, Jan. 1910.

1 spec, probably from Ambon, 70 mm.

2. Apogon novemfasciatus C. Y.

Cuvier & Hist. Nat. II 154. Apogon novemfasciatus Valenciennes, Poiss. p.

novemfasciatus Max 224. Apogon Weber, Siboga Exp. Fische p.

11 spec. 44—70 mm, from the reef at Saonek, Dec. 27. 1909

B. Apogon ceramensis Blkr.

ceramensis Nat. Ned. Apogon Bleeker, Tijdschr. Indië, III p. 258

ceramensis Atl. Ichth. YII 91. Apogon Bleeker, p.

Batu 8. 5 spec. 80—90 mm, mouth of mera, Ambon, Dec. 1909.

5 71 —80 1911. spec. mm, Majalibit-bay, Waigeu, January

4. Apogon aureus (Lacép.).

Centropomus aureus Lacépède, Hist. Nat. Poiss. IV p. 253, 278.

Apogon aureus Bleeker, Atl. Ichth. VII p. 92.

12 14—85 1909 spec. mm, Saonek, December

5. Apogon sangiensis Blkr.

sangiensis dr. Ichth. Nat. T. Ind. XIII Apogon Bleeker, Bij Sangi, Ned. p. 375 sangiensis Fische d. I 20. Apogon Günther, Südsee, p.

Fishes of 4°. XVII Apogon sangiensis Day, India, p. 64, Plate fig. 3.

Amia Atl. sangiensis Bleeker, Iclith. VII p. 95.

—44 Beo, Majalibit-bay, Waigeu, January 1910, 92 spec. 70 mm.

In the of this fish, Bleeker that his original description says single specimen was in a rather bad state of and that the ocelli preservation pearl-blue on the anal fin seem to

be on the second dorsal and caudal present too (Bleeker says: dorsal and anal, but this is a for dorsal and This is the surely misprint caudal). case in a of good number my in specimens, others the ocelli are less distinct. 115

All dorsal which mentioned my specimens have the front part of the first black, is not by Bleeker, who states: "dorsali spinosa fusco-arenata". Day says: "Upper half of first dorsal while in accordance with mine: "Der vordere black", Günther's specimens of Yap are

Rand der ersten Rückenflosse schwarz".

there is "a, minute the close behind the base of the Day says that black spot on back, last dorsal All show this and besides have ray". my specimens spot clearly they a similar spot in front of the first dorsal and between the two dorsal fins.

In Bleekers The and ventrals other respects my specimens agree with diagnosis. pectorals

be only seem to slightly shorter.

6. Apogon savayensis Grthr.

Pr. Zool. Soc. Fische der Südsee, 21 Apogon savayensis G-ünther, 1871, p. 656, lp. Amia Sitzb. Akad. CXY 1879. savayensis Steindachner, Wien, p.

Jordan & Bull. Amia savayensis Seale, Bur. Fish. XXY p. 239.

Saonek, 12 specimens, 85—14 mm.

Bleeker identified this species with his A. bandanensis, probably on account of Day's

be with the A. savayensis, which seems to me not to identical Grünther's species of same

went still farther and united A. and with name. Klunzinger moluccensis, hoevenii monochrous the two named above.

7. Apogon margaritophorus Blkr. Nat. Ned. YII 363, Apogon margaritophorus Bleeker, Trjdschr. Indië, p. Atl. Ichth. YII 91. Amia margaritophora Bleeker, p.

One 45 fishmarket at 11. specimen, mm, from the Macassar, March 1910.

8. Apogon amboinensis Blkr. amboinensis Vierde dr. iehth. Nat. sehr. Ned. Apogon Bleeker, by Amboina, Tijd Indië, V p. 829.

Atl. Iehth. YII 90. Amia amboinensis Bleeker, p.

in fresh still under influence of the 2 River Waiu waigé, Waigeu, water but tide, spec.

76—69 mm. 25 Dec. 1909.

have besides the to this black My specimens markings, peculiar species, two spots on the praeoperculum, not mentioned by Bleeker. On the figure in the Atlas Iehth., where erroneously the first dorsal has 7 spines, a reddish band is drawn on the preaoperculum,

not mentioned in the text.

9. Apogon melas Blkr. melas Ind. Arch. I 635. Apogon Bleeker, Contr. iehth. Sumbawa, Journ. p.

Amia melas Bleeker, Atl. Iehth. YII p. 94.

—115 Waigeu, Majalibit-bay, Jan. 1910, 5 spec. 101 mm.

Bleeker does not mention in his description of this fish an oblique black stripe, running from the hind of the of the margin eye to the intramarginal crest praeoperculum, although

it is visible in the figure of the fish on Plate 348, fig. 1 of the Atl. Iehth. It is clearly

visible in all my specimens.

10. Apogon polystigma (Blkr.).

Apogonichthys polystigma Bleeker, Nat. Tijschr. Ned. Ind. VI p. 484,

Amia A Ichtb. VII 101. polystigma Bleeker, tl. p.

31 1 spec. mm, Ambon, February 1910.

11. Apogon spec. juv.

about 10 mm long, from brackish water at W. 16. 7 spec., Kairatu, Ceram, February 1910.

D. YI. I 9. A. II 9? 116

dark The body being pigmented is brown, the tail and head are colourless. First dorsal these fishes under brown, a black spot at base of caudal. I am not able to range young any

of the known species.

Cheilodipterus Lacépède.

1. Cheilodipterus lineatus (Forsk.).

42. Perca lineata Forskal, Descript. Animal, p.

lineatus Fische Roth. Meer. 4° 23 Cheilodipterus Klunzinger, p.

2 60 and 63 from collected Dr. spec., mm» Buton, by Justesen.

The two characterized the not to below the specimens are by maxillary reaching hindborder of well canini in the and in rather the eye, by having developed jaws being slender, its the height of the caudal peduncle being k- of length. The specimens are coloured as

C. quinquelineatus, having a black spot at the base of the tail and 5 well defined longitudinal bands there smaller and bands; but between these are lighter ones, so that there are about

8 bands each side. It is that C. with which on possible quinquelineatus, species my specimens

is of C. lineatus. about this agree otherwise, only a variety Hunzinger says question: „Diese

—110"' für Form (C. quinquelinea tus) würde ich, wenn nicht Bleeker 54 als Grösse angäbe,

die Zähnen." Hitherto Ch. Jugend von Ch. lineatus halten, mit nog weniger entwickelten lineatus has not been recorded from the indo-australian archipelago.

2. Cheilodipterus singapurensis Blkr. Ned. XX 452 Cheilodipterus singapurensis Bleeker, Natuurk. Tijdschr. Indië, p. Paramia Wetensch. 3de Yerz. II 78. Atl. singapurensis Bleeker, Nat. Yerh. Mpij v. p. YII 106. Ichth. p.

21 165—65 1910. spec., mm, Beo, Majalibit-bay, Waigeu, January

My specimens only differ from Bleeker's description in the coloration. They are all dark brown, with four still deeper brown longitudinal stripes, the first running from the beginning

lateral it is fin. of the line to the caudal fin, where continued on the upper margin of the The

second from the snout the to the middle of the base of the caudal where runs through eye fin,

it ends in a black distinct. The third the patch, not always begins also at snout, runs over

the dorsal part of the maxilla, through the base of the pectoral fin to the lower margin of

the caudal where it be traced on the lower The fourth is rather fin, may faintly rays. in-

and the mouth the anal fin. In the half of distinct, runs from corner of the to my specimens

is white between the second and the third there a silvery patch on the opercle, longitudinal

stripe. First dorsal, basal half of second dorsal, caudal and ventrals dark.

Lutjanus Bloch.

1. Lutjanus ehrenbergi (Pet.).

Monatsber. Akad. Berlin 704. Mesoprion Ehrenbergi Peters, 1869, p. 48. Lutjanus oligolepis Bleeker, Atl. Ichth. VIII p. 4° 13. Mesoprion Ehrenbergi Klunzinger, Fische Roth. Meeres. p.

62 from March 1910. One specimen mm, Batu merah, A mbon,

2. Lutjanus biguttatus (C. V.).

Serranus Cuvier & Hist. Nat. Poiss. "VI biguttatus Valenciennes, p. 507 Cat. I 208. Lutjanus Bleekeri Günther, Brit. Mus. p.

Atl. Ichth. 54. Lutjanus biguttatus Bleeker, VIII p. Fishes of India. 4° 34. Lutjanus biguttatus Day, p.

12 80 —120 from the spec. mm, Majalibit-bay, Waigeu, January 1910. Batu 2 spec. 162—165 mm, Ambon, inerah, February 1910. 117

3. Lutjanus kasmira (Forsk.). Sciaena kasmira Forskâl, Deser. Anim. p. 46.

Atl. 55. Lutjanus bengalensis Bleeker, Ichth. YIII p. 56. Lutjanus quinquelineatus Bleeker, Atl. Ichth. YIII p.

kasmira Max 248 Lutjanus Weber, Siboga-Exp. Fische, p.

1 191 1909. spec., mm, from the fishmarket at Baton, December 3.

158—170 2 spec., mm, Ambon, February—March 1910.

4. Lutjanus gibbus (Forsk.).

Sciaena Forskâl, Animal, 46. gibba Descript. p.

butonensis Atl. YIII Lutjanus Bleeker, Ichth. p. 59.

1 spec., 74 mm. from the fishmarket at Ambon, December 7. 1909.

5. Lutjanus fulviflamma (Forsk.).

Sciaena 45. fulviflamma Forskâl, Descript. Animaliurn, p.

Lutjanus fulviflamma Bleeker, Atl. Ichth. YIII p. 65.

2 218 and 235 spec., mm, from Sanana, Sula Islands, December 10. 1909.

6. Lutjanus marginatus (C. V.).

Cuvier & Hist. Nat. 425. Diacope marginata Valenciennes, Poiss. II p.

68. Lutjanus flavipes Bleeker, Atl. Ichth. YIII p.

69. Lutjanus marginatus Bleeker, Atl. Ichth. YIII p.

Max 252. Lutjanus marginatus Weber, Siboga-Exp. Fische, p.

1 from Sula December 10. 1909, spec., 270 mm, Sanana, Islands,

190 from 1 spec., mm, Ambon, February 1910.

7. Lutjanus monostigma (C. Y.).

Cuvier & Hist. Nat. II. 446, Mesoprion monostigma Valenciennes, Poiss. p.

Atl. th. VIII Lutjanus lioglossis Bleeker, Ich p. 70.

173 from Saonek and another one of 48 from the reef A specimen, long mm, young mm, at the same island.

76 from Batu merah, Ambon, mm to this A specimen long, may belong species. It shows dark from the however a baud, running snout through the eye to the blotch under the soft

and continued from there the caudal. Parallel dorsal, to to and below this band runs another

under the Another band runs from the hindborder of the one, beginning eye. eye to the

of the soft above which band from the of the beginning dorsal, runs a upperborder eye to the middle of the dorsal. The between the spinous space two lower bands is margaritaceous, as well as a ring round the blotch under the soft dorsal. Upperborder of dorsal blackish.

The is not well and the exact number of scales specimen very preserved on the praeo- perculum could not be ascertained, but in general shape etc. it closely resembles L. monostigma. of I that it is a this as another from 45 suppose variety species, specimen Ambon, long mm, shows a band through the eye, continued on the operculum, but has the body without bands as in L. monostigma.

8. Lutjanus rivulatus (C. V.).

Diacope rivulata Cuvier & Hist. Nat. II 414. Valenciennes, Poiss. p. rivulatus Lutjanus Bleeker, Atl. Ichth. VIII p. 78.

1 88 from the spec., mm, fishmarket at Macassar, March 11. 1910.

9. Lutjanus argentimaculatus (Forsk.).

Sciaena argentimaculata Forskal, Descript. Animal, p. 47.

74. Lutjanus argentimaculatus Bleeker, Atl. Ichth. VIII p.

16 118

3 —142 Batu 1910. spec., 31 mm, merah, Ambon, February

102 Maan 1 spec., mm, Buli, Halmahera, fresh water (Mission. leg.).

Two of 25 from Ambon, Dec. 7. and a young specimens mm, the river Mirdika, 1909,

mm Kairatu, still younger one, 20 long, from the mouth of the Riuapa river, Ceram, probably

to this at the of the belong species. They are characterised by a long slender spine angle

praeoperculum, which is longer in the smaller specimen than in the two other ones.

Lutjanus spec, juv.

28 from the reef at 1 spec., mm, Saonek, January 1910.

T h Cuvier. erapon

1. Therapon jarbua (Forsk.).

Sciaena Animal, 50. jarbua Forskal, Descript. p.

Cat. Mus. I Therapon servus Günther, Brit. p. 278.

Atl. Ichth. YII 112. Therapon (Datnia) jarbua Bleeker, p.

Fishes of Therapon jarbua Day, India 4°. p. 69.

Fische Roth. 4°. 26. Therapon jarbua Klunzinger, Meer. p.

3 140—185 1. spec., mm, Kairatu, W. Ceram, March 1910.

1 Batu spec., 70 mm, merah, Ambon, March 1910.

2. Therapon puta C. V.

Cuvier & Hist. Nat. Poiss. Ill 131. Therapon puta Valenciennes, p.

vittatus Cat. Brit. I B. Therapon Günther, Mus. p. 280 (vittatus H. ?)

Atl. VII Therapon (Datnia) puta Bleeker, Ichth. p. 112.

Fishes of India 4°. Therapon puta Day, p. 68.

Fische Roth. 4°. 26. Therapon puta Klunzinger, Meeres p.

15 93—112 spec., mm, Majalibit-bay, Waigeu, January 1910.

3. Therapon argenteus (C. V.).

Datnia Cuvier & Hist. Nat. Poiss. Ill 139, argentea Valenciennes, p. Cat. Brit. Mas. Ill Therapon argenteus Günther, p. 283.

Atl. Ichth. YII 111. Therapon (Datnia) argenteus Bleeker, p.

Datnia Fishes of India 4°. 71. argentea Day, p.

1 235 Kai W. 1910, spec., mm, from ratu, Ceram, March 1.

4. Therapon rosenbergii (Blkr.).

Datnia Nat. Indië Rosenbergii Bleeker, Tydschr. Ned. XXII p. 237

Atl. YII Therapon (Datnia) Rosenbergii Bleeker, Ichth. p. 116

1 spec., 215 mm, river Batu Merah, Ambon, December 7. 1909, fresh water.

1 180 at fresh water. spec., mm, river Batjan, December 11. 1909,

Both better of specimens are in accordance with the description Th. rosenbergii than of Th. cancellatus. The first mentioned much specimen has, however, stronger spines on the angle of the than the other and praeoperculum smaller specimen agrees in this respect with

Th. cancellatus. The differences between these are two species very slight and I have little doubt the that, at hand of more material than 1 dispose of at present, both species could be united.

The of the is much marked in than in carnosity upperlip more my specimens the figure of Bleeker in It the snout the Atlas Ichthyologique. gives a pig-like appearance, quite different from that of of other species the genus. 119

Pseudochromididae.

Opisthognathus Cuv.

1. Opisthognathus (Gna thypops) spec.

from 1909. 1 spec., 29 mm, the reef at Saoiiek, December

to the scales are still on It is impossible determine the species, as invisible, except the tail.

Pseudochromis Rüppell.

1. Pseudochromis fuscus Müll. Troseh.

Pseudochromis & Ill 23. fuscus Müller Troschel, Horae ichthyol. p.

Ned. Indië VIII Y Pseudochromis xanthochir Bleeker, Nat. Tydschr. p. 443. erb. Akad.

Amsterdam, XY, Pseudochromidoïdes, p. 17.

Pseudochromis fuscus Bleeker, Verh. Akad. Amsterdam XY, Pseudochromidoïdes, p. 16.

8 —36 1910. spec., 65 mm, Ambon, February

The smaller specimen misses the dark band at the caudal and at the base of the pectorals

calls P. this the and should therefore be what Bleeker : xanthochir. As is only difference

P. xanthochir as a between both species, I think that one may look at synonym of P. fuscus.

2. Pseudochromis melanotaenia Blkr.

Pseudochromis Dierk. melanotaenia Bleeker, Ned. Tydschr. 1, p. 273. Yerh. Kon. Akad.

Amsterdam, XV, Pseudochromidoïdes, p. 20.

1 34 from 1910. spec., mm, Ambon, February

of does not with that of Bleeker's The coloration my specimen quite agree 2 specimens,

from and other dorsal is (one Timor the from Ambon). The black stripe on the continuous with that of the caudal and is prolonged in front on the head, so that the whole system of coloration be described as follows : Head and with may body yellowish, minutely spotted to brown, more densely on some of the scales on the side, so as form brown patches. A dark

black band at the snout the intraorbital and brown almost beginning covers space runs backward along the dorsal fin, leaving only its upperpart hyalin, continued on the dorsal

the of the caudal where it descends the side of the tail and upper margin fin, to lower margin in the form of a semicircle, which touches the nearly straight hinder margin of the caudal fin. The band, running forward along the lower margin of the caudal fin, ends at the hinder margin of the anal.

P s eudo g r amm a Bleeker.

1. Pseudogramma polyacanthus (Blkr.). Nat. Ned. Indië X 375. Pseudochromis polyacanthus Bleeker, Tijdschr. p.

Pseudochromis Verh. Kon. Akad. Wetensch. XV 25. polyacanthus Bleeker, v. p.

3 28 and 43 from and in corals. spec., mm long, Ambon, January February 1910,

Sillaginidae.

S illago Cuvier.

1. Sillago sihama (Forsk.).

Animal, Atherina sihama Forskal, Descript. p. 70. 67. Sillago sihama Bleeker, Verb. Akad. Amsterdam XIV, Sciénoid. et Sillag. p.

6 —133 Ambon, Batu and March 1910. spec., 79 mm, merah, February 120

2. Sillago macrolepis Blkr. XVIII 166. Verh. Akad. Sillago macrolepis Bleeker, Nat. Tijdsein'. Ned. Indië p.

Amsterdam, XIV p. 72.

1 90 spec., mm, Saonek, January 1910.

2 93 and 112 spec., mm, Ambon, February 1910.

Gerridae.

Equula Cuvier.

1 Equula edentula (Bl.), Ausländ. IX Scomber edentulus Bloch., Fische p. 108.

Cuvier & Hist. Nat. Poiss. X Equula ensifera Valenciennes, p. 66.

Equula ensifera Bleeker, Yerh. Bat. Gen. XXIV" Makveel. p. 80.

Equula edentula Günther, Gat. Brit. Mus. II p. 498.

2 112 and 125 at December 3. 1909 spec., mm, from mouth of river Buton, (brackish)

2. Equula splendens Cuv.

Equida splendens Cuvier, Règne Animal II p. 212.

Ouvier & Equula gomorah Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss. X p. 80.

Verh. Bat. Gen. XXIV. 82. Equida gomorah Bleeker, Makreel, p.

Equula splendens Günther, Cat. Brit. Mus. II p. 501.

6 11. spec., 70—80 mm, from the fishmarket at Macassar, March 1910.

3. Equula daura Cuv.

daura Animal II Equula Cuvier, Règne p. 212.

Equula dacer Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss. X p. 83,

dacer Verli. Bat. Gen. 81 Equula Bleeker, XXIV. Makreel, p.

daura Brit. Mus. II Equula Günther, Cat. p. 50?.

48—110 Many specimens, mm, from Amboina, February 1910.

1 about 60 from Buton spec., mm, (Dr. Justesen leg.).

4. Equula oblonga C. V.

Cuvier & Poiss. X Equula oblonga Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. p. 85.

Verh. Bat. Gen. XXIV. Makreel, 84. Equula oblonga Bleeker, p.

II Equula oblonga Günther, Cat. Brit. Mus. p. 502.

1 from the spec., 74 mm, fishmarket at Macassar, March 11. 1910.

Gazza Rüppell.

1. Gazza argentaria (Forster).

Zeus Descr. 288. argentarius Forster, Anim. p.

Gazza Max argentaria Weber, Siboga-Exp. Fische, p. 270.

18 —95 spec., 50 mm, from the Majalibit-bay, Waigeu. January 1910. 1 100 from spec., mm, Ambon, February 1910.

G erres Cu vier.

1. Gerres filamentosus C. V.

Gerres filamentosus Cuvier & Hist. Nat. Poiss. Valenciennes, VI p. 4-82.

Diapterus filamentosus Bleeker, Atl. Ichth. VIII p. 124.

1 115 1910. spec., mm, from Bajon, Waigeu, January 9. 121

2. Gerres macracanthus Blkr.

Gerres VI 195, macracanthus Bleeker, Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Indië, p.

YIII 125. Diapterus macracanthus Bleeker, Atl. Ichth. p.

2 spec., from Ambon, Batu merah, March 1910.

this the and that it was restricted to Bleeker never got species from Moluccos thought

of the however the the western part Indo-Australian Archipelago. My specimens prove reverse.

the transversal bands and accord in Both show mentioned by Bleeker very clearly every other respect with Bleeker's description.

3. Gerres macrosoma Blkr.

Gerres macrosoma Nat. Ned. VI 56 Bleeker, Tijdschr. Indië, p. Atl. Ichth. VIII 126. Diapterus macrosoma Bleeker, p.

3 10—95 December 18. 1909 spec., mm, Saonek,

4. Gerres oyena (Forsk.).

Descr. Anim. 35. Latrus oyena Forskâl, p.

Atl. Ichth. VIII 129, Diapterus oyena Bleeker, p.

about 100 1910, 2 spec., mm, Majalibit-bay, Waigeu, January

Pristipomatidae.

E mm elic h t hys Richardson.

1. Emmelichthys leucogrammicus (Blkr.).

Ill — Dipterygonotus leucogrammicus Bleeker, Journ. Ind. Arch. 1849 p. 71. Atl. Ichth.

VIII 42. p.

2 67 and 70 from the fishmarket at Buton, December 3. 1909. spec., mm,

Pentapus C.V.

1. Pentapus nemurus (Blkr.). Ned. Heterognathodon nemurus Bleeker, Nat. Tijdschr. Indië, III p. 754, Cat. Brit. I Heterognathodon nemurus Günther, Mus. p. 865. Ichth. VIII 103. Pentapus nemurus Bleeker, Atl. p.

16S from 21. 1910. 1 spec., mm, Saonek, January

In life this specimen was bright lilac, lighter below; the upper part of the head bright the head bands extend to the yellow. From the yellow of two longitudinal tail, both are

the runs above margined with brown. The upper one, which is narrower, the lateral line

just below the base of the dorsal fin, and does not extend farther than the tail. The lower

in line from head to base of which is also in the one runs a straight caudal, yellow middle.

Plectorhynchus Lacépède.

1. Plectorhynchus chaetodonoides Lac.

chaetodonoides Hist. Nat. Poiss. Ill 185. Plectorhynchus Lacépède, p. chaetodonoides Cat. Brit. Mus. I 826. Diagramma Günther, p. chaetodonoides Atl. Ichth. VIII 17. Plectorhynchus Bleeker, p.

and 845 from Ambon, 1910. 2 spec., 82 mm, February 122

2. Plectorhynchus goldmanni Blkr. Indië IV 602. Diagramma Goldmanni Bleeker, Nat. Tijdsehv. Ned. p. 21. Plectorhynchus Goldmani Bleeker, Atl. Ichth. YIII p.

1 460 from Sala December 10. 1909. spec., mm, Sartana, Islands,

3. Plectorhynchus orientalis (Bl.).

Ausländ. Fische VII 10. Anthias orientalis Bloch, p.

22. Plectorhynchus orientalis Bleeker, Atl. Ichth. VIII p.

1 142 from 1910. spec., mm, Ambon, February

Scolopsis Cuvier.

1. Scolopsis ciliatus (Lac.).

Holocentrus ciliatus Hist. Nat. Poiss. 338. Lacépède, IV p.

ciliatus Atl. Ichth. YIII 6. Scolopsis Bleeker, p.

77 from the fishmarket 1 spec., mm long, at Macassar, March 11. 1910.

2. Scolopsis temporalis C. V.

Poiss. V Scolopsis temporalis Cuvier & "Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. p. 341.

Mus. I 360. Scolopsis temporalis Günther, Cat. Brit. p.

Atl. Ichth. YIII 12. Scolopsis temporalis Bleeker, p.

1 spec., about 240 mm, from Ambon, February 1910.

in My specimen differs from Günther's description the following points: there are only

5 scales above the lateral line, the snout is somewhat longer thanthe diameter of the eye, which

is equal to the height of the praeorbital. The characteristic markings of this species as well

as the peculiar scaleless supraorbital space leave no doubt that my specialen belongs to the

It to be from the above-named species. seems rare, as Bleeker never saw a specimen Indo-Australian Archipelago.

3. Scolopsis elongatus M. Web. Max 281. Scolopsis elongatus Weber, Siboga-Exp. Fische, p.

3 80 spec., —114 mm, from Saonek.

Synagris Günther.

1. Synagris ruber (C. V.).

Dentex ruber Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss. VI p. 247.

Pl. XXXI 2. Dentex ruber Lesson, Voyage Coquille p. 187. fig.

ruber Atl. Ichth. VIII 84. Synagris Bleeker, p.

1 from the fishmarket at March 11. spec., 90 mm, Macassar, 1910,

My specimen has the praeorbital formed as on the figure of Lesson, the free border

is scaled last dorsal of the praeoperculum smaller than the part and the two spines- are

shorter than the preceding ones. The combination of these characters makes it probable that

to my specimen belongs the same species as those that were examined by Cuvier & Valen-

and Lesson and did this ciennes called Dentex ruber. Bleeker not see species. Future research

will have to make out, if it is different from Synagris taeniopterus (C. V.).

Caesio Comm.

1. Caesio maculatus C. V.

Caesio maculatus Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss. VI p. 439.

Caesio maculatus Cat. Brit. I 391. Günther, Mus. p.

maculatus Atl. Ichth. VIII Caesio Bleeker, p. 38.

Caesio maculatus Max Weber, Siboga-Exp. Fische, p. 285. 123

1 105 1910. spec., mm, Majalibit-bay, Waigeu, January

1 141 1910. spec., mm, Ambon, February

Caesio 2. spec.

A of 55 from to above-named small, badly preserved specimen mm, Buton, belongs the C. species or to the allied caerulaureus Lac.

Gymnocaesio Bleeker.

1. Gymnocaesio gymnopterus (Blkr.).

Caesio Indië X gymnopterus Bleeker, Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. p. 372.

VIII 34. Gymnocaesio gymnopterus Bleeker, Atl, Ichth. p.

1 from the fishmarket December spec., 114 mm, at Ambon, 7. 1909.

Lethrinus Cuvier.

1. Lethrinus moensi Blkr.

Lethrinus Moensi Nat. Ned. 435. Bleeker, Tijdschr. Indië IX p.

Lethrinus moensi Fische der Südsee I 64. Günther, p.

Atl. Lethrinus Moensi Bleeker, Ichth. YITI p. 115.

2 218 and spec., 250 mm, Sanana, Sula-Islands, December 9. 1909.

2. Lethrinus opercularis (C. V.) Blkr.

? Lethrinus Cuvier & Hist. 289. opercularis Valenciennes, Nat. Poiss. II p.

Lethrinus 119. opercularis Bleeker, Atl. Ichth. VIII p.

] 115 from spec., mm, Saonek.

1 92 spec., mm, fishmarket at Macassar, March 11. 1910.

Mullidae.

Upeneus (Cuvier) Blkr.

1. eus C. Y Upeneus sulphur .

Cuvier & Hist. Nat. Poiss. Ill 450. Upeneus sulphureus Yalenciennes, p.

Upeneus sulphureus Verh. Akacl. Amsterdam Révis. 4. Bleeker, 1874, Mulloïdes, p.

1 146 W. spec., mm, Kairatu, Ceram, February 28. 1910.

2. Upeneus vittatus (Forsk.).

Mullus vittatus Anim. Forskal, Descript. p. 31.

vittatus Verh. Akad. Amst. Upeneus Bleeker, 1874. Rév. Mulloïdes, p. 6.

9 87—100 W. spec., mm, Kairatu, Ceram, February 28. 1910.

1 57 spec., mm, Ambon, February 1910 (bad condition). 1 81 spec., mm. Buton, Dr. Justesen leg.

3. Upeneus sundaicus (Blkr.).

sundaicus Act. Soc. Scient. Ind. Neerl. Upeneoides Bleeker, Achtste bijdr. vischf. Ambon, p. 47. sundaicus Bleeker, Verh. Akad. Amst. vis. 10. Upeneus 1874. Ré Mulloïdes, p.

110 fish 1 spec., mm, market at Makassar, March 11. 1910.

has the lower lobe as lobe of the caudal fin My specimen well as the upper banded. In all with other respects it agrees the description given by Bleeker. 124

4. Upeneus tragula Rich. 15th Brit. Assoc. 220. Upeneus tragula Richardson, Rep. Ichth. China, Rep. Meeting p. Upeneus tragula Bleeker, Verh. Akad. Amst. 1874. Révis. Mulloïdes, p. II.

1 135 from N. Gruinea. spec., mm, probably Sororig,

Mu lloides Bleeker.

1. Mulloides samoensis Gthr.

Fische der Mulloides samoensis Günther, Stidsee, p. 57.

Mulloides samoensis Jordan & Evermann, Bull. Fish. Comm. XXIII p. 253.

samoensis Max 294. Mulloides Weber, Siboga-Exp. Fische, p.

1 spec., 185 mm, from the fishmarket at Ambon, December 7. 1909.

Parupeneus Bleeker.

1. Parupeneus indicus (Shaw)

Mullus indicus Shaw, Gen. Zool. IV", 2 p. 614.

indicus Cat. Brit. Mus. I Fische der 57. Upeneus Günther, p. 406, Stidsee, p. der 58. — Fische Upeneus malabaricus Günther, Cat. Brit. Mus. I p. 407. Südsee, p.

Révis. 28. Parupeneus indicus Bleeker, Verh. Akad. Amst. 1874. Mullo'ides, p.

indicus Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. XXXII 93. Pseudupeneus Snyder, p.

One about 250 from has the situated in the specimen, mm, Ambon, February 1910, eye hinderpart of the head as in P. malabaricus (Günther), but has the short barbels of

P. indicus.

Chaetodontidae.

Scatophagus Cuvier.

1. Scatophagus argus (BL).

Chaetodon argus Bloch, Ausländ. Fische III p. 86.

Ephippus argus Bleeker, Verh. Akad. Amsterdam XVII p. 26. Atl. Ichth. IX p. 21.

1 63 river spec., mm, Batu merah, Ambon, December 6. 1909. 3 17—19 Kairatu, West Ceram, brackish water. spec., mm,

remains of The last-named specimens are still in larval condition, having the Tholichthys

stadium.

Chaetodon L.

1. Chaetodon auriga Forsk.

Chaetodon auriga Forskâl, Descript. Animal, p. 60.

Atl. IX Tetragonoptrus auriga Bleeker, Ichth. p. 47.

1 119 spec., mm, Sorong, New Guinea, January 1910 (L. de Brayne leg.).

2. Chaetodon kleinii Bl.

Ausländ. Chaetodon Kleinii Bloch, Fische IV p. 7.

Kleinii Atl. Ichth. IX 45 Tetragonoptrus Bleeker, p.

2 from the fishmarket at December 7. spec., 50 —65 mm, Ambon, 1909,

3. Chaetodon vagabundus L. Nat. ed. 10a 276. Chaetodon vagabundus Linné, Syst. p. IX 48, Tetragonoptrus vagabundus Bleeker, Atl. Ichth. p.

8 Ill —126 New 1910 spec., mm, Sorong, Guinea, January (L. cle Bruyne leg.). 125

Parachaetodon Bleeker.

I. Parachaetodon ocellatus (C. V.).

Platax ocellatus Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss. VII p. 229.

Parachaetodon ocellatus Atl. Ichth. IX 24. Bleeker, p.

1 from the spec., 57 mm, fishmarket at Ambon, March 11. 1910

Chelmon Cuvier & Valenciennes.

1. Chelmon rostratus (L.).

Chaetodon rostratus Linné, Mus. Ad. Fried. I p. 61.

Chelmo rostratus Bleeker, Atl. Ichth. IX p. 22.

2 125 JSlew 1910. L. spec., mm, Sorong, Guinea, January de Bruyne leg.

Heniochus Cuvier & Valenciennes.

]. Heniochus acuminatus (L.).

acuminatus ed. X Chaetodon Linné, Syst. Nat. p. 272.

Atl. IX 29. Heniochus acuminatus Bleeker, Ichth. p.

2 125 New 1910. L. de spec., mm, Sorong, Guinea, January Bruyne leg.

Holacanthus Lacépède.

1. Holacanthus semicirculatus G. V.

& 148. Holacanthus semicirculatus Cuvier Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss. "VII p.

Acanthochaetodon semicirculatus Bleeker, Nat. Verh. Ak. Amsterdam, XY1I p. 146. Atl.

Ichth. IX 69. p.

1 spec., 19 mm, Saonek, reef.

has besides the medial between the two My very young specimen stripe eyes, only more

head and two on the in accordance with Bleeker's of the stripes on the body, description juveniles of this species. The soft part of the dorsal and anal has a white margin, and the caudal is quite white, without stripes or bands.

Acanthuridae.

Acanthurus Bl. Schn.

1. Acanthurus blochii C. V.

& Hist. Poiss. 209. Acanthurus blochii Cuvier Valenciennes, Nat. X p.

blochii Fische der Südsee I Acanthurus Günther, p. 109.

1 Ambon. spec., 52 mm, Batu merah, March 1910.

An Acronurus, from the same locality, possibly belongs to this species.

Nas eus Commerson.

1. Naseus spec. juv. (Keris-stadium).

Keris amboinensis Nat. Indië III Bleeker, Tijdschr. Ned. p. 272.

amboinensis III 356. Keris Günther, Cat. Brit. Mus. p.

2 60 —75 Ambon, December 7. 1909 spec., mm, flshmarket, 38—61 Amboü, 8 spec., mm, February 1910.

17 126

if identical I am not sure the young Naseus mentioned above are with Bleeker's Keris

The smaller of the described and amboinensis. ones, being same length as those by Bleeker (44

in but the less a difference 52 mm), fully agree measurements, larger ones are high, very

due to is in soft dorsal fin. In possibly age. There some diversity the colouring of the some

individuals: „dorsali radiosa et anali fuscis vitta longitudinali media grisea" in others the fin three has has a light colour with two or parallel darker bands. One specimen a dark

and clear white band dorsal and anal as well submarginal a marginal along the fin, as a

bright white marginal band along the caudal.

2. Naseus spec. juv. (Keris-stadium).

1 spec., 54 mm, Ambon, February 19]0.

D. VI. 27. A. II. 27.

This specimen may be at once distinguished from the different Keris, hitherto described,

3 its form,- the contained B times in the total or 3 times in by elongate height being / 5 length, the without caudal. The length head is as as of the total caudal long high, '/4 length (the The is far included). eye placed backwards, much nearer to the hinder margin of the operculum

2 than to the tip of the snout. Its diameter is / of the length of the head. Colour yellowish 5 brown, the dorsal, anal and ventral fins dark. The caudal has a broad, curved white band at

its in base, the form of a B, followed by some smaller black and white bars, which are not very distinct.

Zanclus Lacépède.

1. Zanclus cornutus (L.),

Chaetodon cornutus Nat. ed. X 243, Linné, Syst. p. Atl. Ichth. IX Zanclus cornutus Bleeker, p. 77

1 spec., 74 mm, Ambon, February 1910.

Amphacanthidae.

Amphacanthus Bl. Sch.

1. Amphacanthus javus (L.).

Teuthis javus Linné, Syst. Nat. ed. XTT p. 507.

Cuvier & Hist. Nat. Poiss. X Amphacanthus javus Valenciennes, p. 118.

Amphacanthus javus Bleeker, Verh. Bat. Gen. XXIII p. 9.

Teuthis Cat. Brit. Mus. III 815. javus Günther, p.

2 152 and spec., 158 mm, Beo, Majalibit-bay, Waigeu, January 1910.

2. Amphacanthus vermiculatus C. V.

vermiculatus Cuvier & Hist. Poiss. X 126. Amphacanthus Valenciennes, Nat. p.

Amphacanthus vermiculatus Verh. Bat. Gen. XXIII 11. Bleeker, p.

Teuthis vermiculata Cat. Brit. Mus. Günther, III p. 317.

270 1 spec., mm, Buli, Halmahera, December 15. 1909.

1 130 Batu spec., mm, merah, Ambon, February 1910.

3. Amphacanthus striolatus (Gthr.).

Teuthis striolata Cat. Günther, Brit. Mus. III p. 319.

Teuthis striolata Fische der 89. Günther, Sfidsee, p.

Two 117 157 specimens, and mm, from Saonek, probably belong to this species, although they differ slightly in colour with Günther's My description. specimens are of a deep chocolate- with brown, indistinctly vermiculated whitish. Region between pectorals and ventrals white, 127

if these and as parts were covered with chalk. Cheeks, operculum under surface of head also

tinged with white. Tail chocolate-brown in the basal half, yellowish, with indistinct bars in

the outer half. Anal and soft dorsal the with darker brown. yellow, rays brown, spotted

Pectorals their base. Ventrals yellow, brown at brown, with the same „chalked" appearance of the as the surrounding parts body.

Pomacentridae.

Pom acentrus Lacépède.

1. Pomacentrus melanochir Blkr.

dc Pomaoentrus melanochir Bleeker, Vers!. Kon. Akad. Amsterd 2 R. X p. 384. Natuurk.

Verh. Holl. 3ie Mpy. Verz. Deel II, n". 6, p. 49

3 69—54 the at spec., mm, from fishmarket Ambon, December 7. 1909.

2. Pomacentrus moluccensis Blkr.

Pomacentrus Nat. IV moluccensis Bleeker, Tijdschr. Ned. Indië p. 118.

Pomacentrus moluccensis Cat. Brit. Mus. IV 30. Günther, p.

moluccensis Holl. 3'lc n°. 56. Pomacentrus Bleeker, Verh. Mpij. Verz. Deel II, 6, p.

13 and March spec., 19—55 mm, Ambon, February 1910.

3. Pomacentrus amboinensis Blkr.

amboinensis Versl. Kon. Akad. 2 Je Reeks II Pomacentrus Bleeker, Amsterdam, p. 334

Holl. 3 do Verz. II n°. 58 Natuurk. Verh. Mpij. Deel 6, p.

I mm on the fishmarket at Ambon, December 7. 1909 got one specimen, 90 long,

4. Pomacentrus trilineatus G. V.

Hist. Nat. Poiss. Y 428. Pomacentrus trilineatus Cuvier & Valenciennes, p.

d ® 61 Pomacentrus trilineatus Bleeker, Yerh. Holl. Mpij. 3 Verz. II n°. 6, p. (S. Syn.).

110—125 mouth of the Batu merah S Dec. 1909. February 1910. 7 spec., mm, Ambon, river, 57 1910. 1 spec., mm, Ambon, February

69 January 1910. 1 spec., mm, Majalibit-bay, Waigeu, Halmahera 1 spec., 90 mm, Buli, (Maan leg.).

34 from that has partly lost his A young specimen, mm long, Ambon, scales, probably

belongs to this species.

5. Pomacentrus fasciatus C. Y. V 426. Pomacentrus fasciatus Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss. p. ,le Deel II n°. Dischistodus fasciatus Bleeker, Nat. Verh. Holl. Mpy. 3 Verz. 6, p. 86.

2 118 and 127 mm from Saonek. spec., long,

Cheiloprion Max Weber.

1. Cheiloprion labiatus (Day).

India 381. Pomacentrus labiatus Day, Fishes of 4°. p.

Cheiloprion labiatus Max Weber, Siboga-Exp. Fische, p. 342.

48 1910. 1 spec., min long, from Ambon, February

Abudefduf Forskäl.

1. Abudefduf saxatilis saxatilis (L.). X Chaetodon saxatilis Linné, Syst. Nat. ed. p. 276 128

dc II Glyphidodon coelestinus Bleeker, Yerh. Holl. Mprj. B Verz. n°. 6, p. 101. Mus. XXIY Glyphisodon saxatilis Jordan & Snyder, Proc. U. S. Nat. p. 608.

1 170 New Guinea. L. de spec., mm, Sorong, Bruyne leg. 20 2B—85 young specimens, moi, Saonek, January 21. 1910.

2. Abudefduf saxatilis coelestinus (C. V.). 464. Glyphisodon coelestinus Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss. V p.

coelestinus ,le 101. Glyphidodon var. b Bleeker, Yerh. Holl. Mpij. 3 Verz. II n°. 6, p.

1 23 21. 1910. spec., mm, Saonek. January

8. Abudefduf plagiometopon Blkr.

III Glyphisodon plagiometopon Bleeker, Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Indie p. 67.

Bleeker, Yerh. Holl. do 103. Glyphidodon plagiometopon Mpij. 3 Verz. II n°. 6, p.

150 1910. 1 spec., mm, from Saonek, January

As I differences between and those of Bleeker to found some my specimen according

his description, I compared it with the type in the Leyden Museum. This examination

proved that it certainly belongs to the above-named species, but that the scales on the

In of the vertical praeoperculum are not so strictly biserial as in the type. my specimen some bone does not show rows in the hinder portion consist of 3 scales. The inferior pharyngeal

described less the hinder the peculiar shape by Bleeker, but is more or triangular, with margin

concave. I don't know if much value has to be attached to the characteristics of the pharyn-

bones. It that geal seems Bleeker is the only ichthyologist who makes use of them as specific

characters. At all events I don't think I am justified in making a new species only on this

difference the The colour of is much darker than in with typical specimina. my specimen

those of Bleeker, but the light stripes and dots on the scales of the back and along the sides

are clearly visible.

tail is in and Bleeker. The The rounded my specimen not emarginate as described by

in the also the tail less rounded. two typical specimens Leyden Museum however have more or

4. Abudefduf melas (0. V.).

melas & Hist. Nat. Poiss. Y Glyphisodon Cuvier Valenciennes, p. 472.

melas Yerh. Holl. 3de II n°. Paraglyphidodon Bleeker, Mpij. Verz. 6, p. 128.

1 149 from spec., mm long, Saonek, January 1910.

5. Abudefduf brownriggii (Benn.). Fishes of 8, Chaetodon brownriggii Bennett, Ceylon, p.

Yerh. Holl. 3 Je Yerz. II n°. 134, Glyphidontops antjerius Bleeker, Mpij. (5, p.

zonatus ibid. Glyphidontops Bleeker, p. 138.

unimaculatus ibid. 140. Glyphidontops Bleeker, p.

der 232 Glyphidontops brownriggii Günther, Fische Südsee p. (S. Syn.).

I 16 of different the reef which got specimens ages on at Saonek. December 1909, clearly

how the colour fused. show variations, on which several species ha"ve been built, are

3 smallest 19—32 show blue My specimens, mm long, two narrow bright stripes between

in front at a backwards the black the eyes, meetiûg sharp angle and continued to ocellus second smaller on the dorsal. A ocellus at the axil of the dorsal (A. antjerius).

—68 but Nine specimens, 51 mm long, belong to A. unimaculatus, one of them, long

the in of A. 58 mm, shows clearly supra-ocular stripes, meeting front, antjerius, while another,

cross-bar as Of this 65 mm long, shows a light on the body in A. zonatus. last named form

I and 85 mm while the two the have two specimens, 75 long, remaining ones belong to form described by Günther I.e. sub 2 and figured Plate 127 fig. A.

The different colour varieties don't live separately on the reef, the above-mentioned

found unimaculatus with a crossbar was together with two typical unimaculatus in a very

small rock pool. 129

6. Abudefduf spec. jnv.

1910, 2 spec., 20 and 28 mm long, from Ambon, February

Tetradrac hm um Cantor.

1. Tetradrachmum reticulatum (Rich.).

15th meet. Brit. Ass. 254. Heliases reticulatus Richardson, Rep. p. do II Tetradrachmum reticulatum Bleeker, Verb. Holl. Mpij. 3 Verz. n°. 6, p. 145

from Ambon, 44—93 December 1909 and 1910. 4 spec., mm, February

2. Tetradrachmum aruanum (L.).

Chaetodon Naturae X 275. aruanus Linné, Systema p. Tetradrachmum de 147. arcuatum Bleeker, Verh. Holl. Mpij. 3 Verz. II n". 6, p.

27 1910. spec., 22—66 mm, from Ambon, among corals. February

3. Tetradrachmum melanurus (Blkr.).

VI 109. Dascyllus melanurus Bleeker, Nat. Tijd sehr. Necl. Indië, p.

de Verz. II n°. 150. Tetradrachmum melanurus Bleeker, Verb. Holl. Mpy. 3 6, p.

15 —40 from corals. 1910. 17 spec., mm, Ambon, among February

Chromis Cuvier.

1. Chromis caeruleus (C. V.).

Nat. Poiss. V Heliases caeruleus Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. p. 497.

Heliases lepisurus Cuvier & Valenciennes, op. cit. V 498.

Heliases frenatus Cuvier & Valenciennes, op. cit. p. 498.

238 Heliastes lepidurus Günther, Fische der Südsee, p.

Chromis Verh. Holl. 3 do Verz. II n°. 164. lepidurus Bleeker, Mpij. 6, p.

Heliastes Fishes of India 4°. 389. lepidurus Day, p.

Chromis caeruleus Jordan and Seale, Bull. Bureau Fisheries XXV p. 290.

54 56—26 from Ambon, corals. February 1910. spec., mm, among

and The identity of Chr. caeruleus, lepisurus frenatus is discussed by Bleeker I.e.: "Tous

Chromis ont 12 fait mes individus (of lepisurus) épines dorsales, ce qui douter que les Heliases

dont il frenatus et coeruleus, est dit qu'ils en auraient 18, soient de la même espèce". Jordan

and Seale I.e. however declare the three species doubtless identical and continue: "The type of caeruleus is said to have 13 dorsal spines, while Chromis lepisurus has 12. No other difference

in the The authors don't make further mention of this difference appears description". any

the number of dorsal it an in the in rays, although seems to me important point discussion,

know that the number dorsal is constant as we of spines very among the Pomacentridae.

Vaillant wrote in response to a request of the above-named American authors to re-examine

that he three the original types, agrees with their view and thinks the species to be the

but too not in same, he does mention the number of dorsal rays his letter, published by

Seale 1. c. Therefore it is that 54 there Jordan and important among my specimens was one

exactly like the others except for the fact of having 13 dorsal spines in stead of 12, as is the

in the 53 I think that draw the conclusion that case remaining specimens. we may safely

13 and occasionaly individuals with spines occur it seems even that the number is still more

I.e. variable, as Day states that their are 11—12 spines in this species.

Labridae.

Cheilinus Lacépède.

1. Cheilinus chlorurus (Bl.)>

Ausländische Sparus chlorurus Bloch, Fische Y p. 24. 130

Cheilinus chlorurus Atl. Ichth. I 65. Bleeker, p.

Cheilinus Brit. Mus. chlorurus Günther, Cat. IV p. 128.

Cheilinus chlorurus Day, Fishes of India 4°. p. 393.

1 86 spec., mm, from Saonek.

2. Cheilinus ceramensis Blkr.

Cheilinus ceramensis Nat. III 290. Atl. Ichth. I 69. Bleeker, Tijdschr. Ned. Indie p. p.

188—60 1910. 4 spec., mm, Ambon, February

Cheilio Lacépède.

1. Cheilio inermis (Forsk.).

Labrus inermis Animalia 34 Forskâl, Descript. p.

A Cheilio inermis Bleek er, tl. Ichth. I p. 82,

1 spec., 284 mm, Saonek, January 1910.

Julis C. V.

1. Julis dorsalis Q. G.

Julis dorsalis Quoy & Gaimard, Zool. Yoy. Astrolabe III p. 713,

Atl. I 94 Julis dorsalis Bleeker, Ichth. p.

1 spec., 133 mm, from Saonek.

Platyglossus Klein.

1. Platyglossus notopsis (C. Y.).

Julis Cuvier & Hist. Nat. Poiss. XIII 485. notopsis Valenciennes, p.

Atl. Ichth. I 111. Platyglossus notopsis Bleeker, p.

Fische der Heft VIII Platyglossus notopsis Günther, Südsee, p. 258.

A young specimen, 18 mm, from the reef at Saonek, December 1909.

2. Platyglossus schwarzi(Blkr.). Schwarzi Verh. Julis (Halichoeres) Bleeker, Bat. Gen. XXIII p. 7.

Schwarzi Atl. Ichth. I Halichoeres Bleeker, p. 117.

Schwarzii Cat. Brit. Mus. IV Platyglossus Günther, p. 149.

Platyglossus (Halichoeres) Doleschalli Steindachner, Ichth. Mitth. VI, Verh. Zool. bot.

XIII Gesellsch. p. 1190.

3 93—85 1910. spec., mm, Saonek, January

3. Platyglossus bicolor (Bl. Sch.). Labrus bicolor Bloch, Schneider, Syst. Ichth. p. 267.

Halichoeres bicolor Atl. Ichth. I Bleeker, p. 118.

bicolor Günther, Cat. Brit. Mus. IV 145, Platyglossus p.

1910. 8 spec., 95—112 mm, Majalibit-bay, Waigeu, January

My specimens are a little higher and have the head slightly longer than those of Bleeker, black base of the while there is a triangular spot at the pectoral. The colour-pattern Bleeker and agrees with the description and figure given by as I don't find other differences,

I doubt that the above-named have no ray specimens belong to species.

from This species was hitherto only known the Western part of the Archipelago. 131

4. Platyglossus binotopsis (Blkr.). Julis XXIII (Halichoeres) binotopsis Bleeker, Verh. Bat. Gen. p. 7.

Halichoeres Bleek Atl. Ichth. I 120. binotopsis er, p. Cat. 153. Platyglossus binotopsis Günther, Brit. Mus. IV p.

2 62 49 reef. spec., and mm, Saonek, December 1909.

two I at small 22 which is Besides these obtained Saonek a very fish, mm long, uniformly

the base and green excepting a dark stripe behind the eye, a spot at of caudal two spots

of the as those in P. of which on the dorsal, same size and in the same position binotopsis, however that it species I suppose this specimen to be the young. It is possible belongs to the related P. leparensis Blkr.

5. Platyglossus kawarin (Blkr.).

Julis Ned. III (Halichoeres) kawarin Bleeker, Nat. Tijdsehr. Indië p. 172.

I Halichoeres kawarin Bleeker, Atl. Ichth. p. 121.

kawarin Fische II Platyglossus Günther, Cat. Brit. Mus. IV p. 152. der Südsee p. 266.

India Platyglossus kawarin Day, Fishes of 4°. p. 400.

1 84 spec., mm, Saonek, January 1910.

and The lines on the head follow another course than those figured by Bleeker Günther, but I don't think that this is of the two mentioned differ inter any importance, as figures

and seinen the Notizen weist se too moreover Günther says: „In (Garett's, collector) er ausdrücklich auf Variabilität der hin". This is known die grosse Körperfärbung rare species from the Andamans, Celebes, Timor, the Society- and Kingsmill Isles.

6. Platyglossus hyrtli (Blkr.). Julis Soc. Scient. Ind. Neerl. I 60. (Halichoeres) Hyrtli Bleeker, Act. Beg. p.

121. Halichoeres Hyrtli Bleeker, At], Ichth. I p.

Cat. Brit. Mus. IY 149. Platyglossus hyrtelii Günther, p.

7 spec., 99 —82 mm, Majalibit-bay, Waigeu, January 1910.

7. Platyglossus chloropterus (BL).

? Labrus Ausländ. Fische Y 149. chloropterus Bloch, p. Oat. Brit. IY 144. Platyglossus chloropterus Günther, Mus. p.

Halichoeres Atl. Ichth. I 125. chloropterus Bleeker, p.

A single specimen, 139 mm, from Saonek, agreeing with Bleeker's „var. macula media

infra lineam dorso latissima nigra usque lateralem descendente".

8. Platyglossus scapularis (Benn.).

Julis Proc. scapularis Bennett, Zoo). Soc. 1881, p. 167.

Julis caeruleovittatus Neue Wirbeith. 14. Rüppell, Fische, p.

Güntheria coeruleovittata Atl. Ichth. I Bleeker, p. 137.

Mus. IY 146. Platyglossus scapularis Günther, Cat. Brit. p.

144 Saonek. 1 spec., mm,

1 1909. spec., 75 mm, Ambon, fishmarket. December

9. Platyglossus spec. juv.

19 15—35 reef. December 27. 1909 spec., mm, Saonek,

Diproctacanthus Bleeker.

1. Diproctacanthus xanthurus (Blkr.). xanthurus 52. Labroides Bleeker, Act. Soc. Reg. Scient. Incl. Neerl. I p.

xanthurus Atl. Ichth. I 156. Diproctacanthus Bleeker, p.

1 36 from 1910. spec., mm, Ambon, February 132

from the two This beautiful little species was hitherto only known type-specimens from Menado. is with Bleeker's The snout a little than My specimen quite agrees description. only longer

and 35 the Bleeker states: circa the eye, there are only scales in lateral line, whereas 40.

Stethojulis Günther.

1. Stethojulis interrupta (Blkr.).

Julis 252, (Halichoeres) interrupta Bleeker, Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Ind. II p.

Atl. Ichth. I 132. Stethojulis interrupta Bleeker, p.

1 92 the fishmarket at 1909. spec., mm, from Ambon, December 7.

Carangidae.

Chorinemus C. V.

1. Chorinemus lysan (Forsk.).

Scomber Descr. Anim. 54. lysan Forskâl, p.

Chorinemus commersonianus Bleeker, Verb. Bat. Gen. XXIV Makreel, 44. p. 471. Chorinemus lysan Günther, Cat. Brit. Mus. II p.

8 120— 130 from 1910. spec., mm, Beo, Majalibit-bay, Waigeu, January

Caranx Lacépède.

1. Caranx affinis Rüpp.

49 Caranx affinis Rüppell, Neue Wirbeith. p.

Selar Hasseltii Bleeker, Yerh. Bat. Gen. XXIV Makreel, p. 53.

hasseltii 234:. Caranx Günther, Cat. Brit. Mus. II p.

Roth. 4°. Caranx (Selar ) affinis Klunzinger, Fische Meer. p. 97.

2 130 spec., mm, Majalibit-bay, Waigeu, January 1910

2. Caranx macrophthalmus Rüpp.

Atl. 97. Caranx macrophthalmus Rüppell, Fische, p

Caranx Cat. Brit. Mus. It 429 crumenophthalmus Günther, p. (partim).

Caranx Fische Roth. Meer. 4°. 97. (Selar) macropthalmus Klunzinger, p.

6 143—190 December 1910. spec., mm, Saonek, 1909, January

2 163 from Batu March 1910. spec., mm, Ambon, merah,

3. Caranx hoops C. V.

Cuvier & Hist. Nat. Poiss. IX Caranx boops Valenciennes, p. 46

Selar Yerh. Bat. Gen. XXIV Makreelacht. 51. boops Bleeker, p.

Caranx boops Günther, Cat. Brit. Mus. II p. 431.

70 1 spec., mm, Buton, December 3. 1909.

6 99 —200 spec., mm, Saonek, December 1909.

4. Caranx melampygus C. Y.

Caranx Cuvier & Hist. Nat. Poiss. IX melampygus Valenciennes, p. 116, Caranx VI melampygus Bleeker, Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Indië p. 58.

Caranx Cat. II 446. melampygus Günther, Brit. Mus. p.

Meeres Caranx melampygus Klunzinger, Fische Roth. 4°. p. 99.

Caranx Fishes of India 4°. 214. melampygus Day, p. Caranx Fische melampygus Günther, der Südsee I p. 133.

1 spec., 188 mm, from Ambon, February 1910. 133

Caranx b. carangus (Bl.). Scomber Ausländ. Fische carangus Bloch, VII p. 69.

Caranx Verh. Bat. XXI 59. ekala Bleeker, Gen. Y Makreel, p.

Caranx Cat. Brit. Mus. II carangus Günther, p. 448.

1 from December spec., 180 mm, Buton, 3. 1909

6. Caranx hippos (L.).

Caranx Ed. XII 494. hippos Linné, Syst. Naturae p.

Cat. Brit. II 449. Caranx hippos Günther, Mus. p.

Fishes of India 4°. 216. Caranx hippos Day, p.

63—76 December 1909 and 1910. 4 spec., mm, Ambon, February

1 spec., 125 mm, Majalibit-bay, Waigeu, January 1910.

3 —111 from W. March 1. spec., 107 mm, Kairatu, Ceram, 1910.

1 at spec., about 65 mm, fishmarket Macassar, March 11. 1910.

7. Caranx (Carangoides) spec.

One specimen, from Batu merah, Ambon, March 1910, too badly conserved to make out the species.

Scyris C. V.

1. Scyris ciliaris (BL).

Zeus ciliaris Bloch, Ausländ. Fische VI p. 29

Verh. Bat. Gen. XXIV Makreel, 67. Carangoides blepharis Bleeker, p. Brit- Mus. II 454. Caranx ciliaris Günther, Cat. p.

ciliaris Roth. 4°. 101. Scyris Klunzinger, Fische Meeres p.

138 fishmarket at December 1909. 1 spec., mm, Ambon,

2. Scyris gallus (L.).

Zeus Naturae Ed. X 267. gallus Linné, Systema p. Verh. Bat. Gen. XXIV. Makreel, 68. Carangoides galeichthys Bleeker, p. Cat. Brit. Mus. II 455. Caranx gallus Günther, p.

Fische Roth. Meeres 4°. 101. Scyris gallus Klunzinger, p.

fishmarket at December 1909. 1 spec., 210 mm, Ambon,

Seombridae.

Scomber L.

1. Scomber australasicus C.V.

Hist. Nat. VIII Scomber australasicus Cuvier & Valenciennes, Poiss. p. 49.

Cat. Brit. Mas. II 359. Scomber australasicus Günther, p.

from Buton. Dr. Justesen 2 specimens, 98—132 mm, leg.

The description of this species by Cuvier & Valenciennes and Günther is too scanty to

of aware that a give certainty to the identification my specimens. I am not better description

been this has times. Bleeker has given later on, although species been recorded several seems

to have seen this it has been recorded Günther from Ambon and never species, although by by A. B. Meyer from North Celebes. differ This species seems to be allied to S. moluccensis Blkr. My specimens however farther from lastnamed by the fact that the maxillary is shorter, its hindborder not reaching

the anterior In the number of teeth backwards than to below part of the eye. consequence

and than in the jaws is less, moreover those of the upper jaw are conspicuously stronger

the is the in moluccensis to those of the lower jaw, whereas reverse case S. according Bleeker. 134

There is a slight discrepance between the formules of the dorsal fin given by the

cited 9 in authors above and those of my specimens, as I find only spines the first dorsal of both. The greater specimen has 5, the smaller 6 dorsal finlets.

Triehiuridae.

Trichiurus L.

1. Trichiurus haumela (Forsk.).

haumela Animal, Clupea Forskal, Descript. p. 72.

Brit. Mus. II Trichiurus haumela Günther, Cat. p. 348.

Trichiurus haumela Fische Roth. 4°. 121. Klunzinger, Meer. p. 120,

1 spec., 295 mm, from Kairatu, West Ceram.

Pleuronectidae.

Pseudorhombus Blkr.

1. Pseudorhombus polyspilus (Blkr.). Rhombus polyspilus Bleeker, Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Indië IV p. 503.

Iehth. Pseudorhombus polyspilus Bleeker, Atl. p. 7.

1 spec., 139 mm, mouth of river near Buton, island Buton, brackish water. December 3. 1909.

h Platop rys Swainson.

1. Platophrys pantherinus (Rüpp.).

Rhombus Atl. Reise Nördl. 121. pantherinus Rüppell, Afrika, Fische p.

Atl. VI Platophrys pantherinus Bleeker, Ichth. p. 11.

1 147 1910. spec., mm, Saonek, January 1910. 7 spec., 44—>250 mm, Ambon, February

Achirus Lacépède.

1. Achirus poropterus Blkr.

Achirus Nat. Ned. Indië 1 410. poropterus Bleeker, Tijdschr. p.

Achirus Atl. Ichth. poropterus Bleeker, Vf p. 24.

brackish water. 11 68 —19 Kairatu, West-Ceram, specimens mm.

with Bleeker's in all the two My specimens agree descriptions points excepting following : The scales the in contrast 1) on blind side are only slightly ctenoid, to those of the other

which The chin is side, are strongly so. 2) provided with very conspicuous cirri, some of them

the and the snout is villose on almost attaining length of the eye, the blind side aud has a tubular nasal aperture.

Cynoglossus Ham. Buch.

1. Cynoglossus bilineatus (Lac.). Achirus bilineatus Lacépède, Hist. Nat. Poiss. V p. 659, 66B.

Atl. VI Cynoglossus quadrilineatus Bleeker, Ichth. p. 32.

bilineatus Max Fische 443. Cynoglossus Weber, Siboga-Exp. p.

2 186 and 261 from the lishmarket at spec., mm, Macassar, March 1910. 135

Gobiidae.

Eleotris (Gron.) Cuvier.

1. Eleotris gyrinoides Blkr. Eleotris Nat. Ned. Indië IV 272. gyrinoides Bleeker, Tijdschr. p. Amsterdam XI 20. Eleotris gyrinoides Bleeker, Versl. Akad. (2) p.

der I 188. Eleotris gyrinoides Günther, Fische Südsee p.

Eleotris Max Nova, Guinea V 254. gyrinoides Weber, p.

1 320 December 9. 1909 spec., mm, from a stream near Kajeli, Buru, (fresh water).

1 spec., 310 mm, river Waisa, Waigeu, January 18. 1910 (fresh water).

3 Eme and brook W. spec., 69—166 mm, from river a near Honitetu, Ceram, February

1910 (fresh water).

2. Eleotris (Oxyeleotris) aruensis Max Web.

Abh. 32 Eleotris (Oxyeleotris) aruensis Max Weber, Senckenb. Xatuvf. Ges. XXXIV p.

2 52—85 1910 spec., mm, Beo, Majalibit-bay, Waigeu, January (brackish).

3 spec., 69 —78 mm, Wai Menil, Waigeu, January 5. 1910 (fresh water).

3. Eleotris (Ophiocara) porocephalus C. V

Eleotris porocephalus Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss. XII p. 237.

Versl. Akad. Amsterdam XI Ophiocara porocephalus Bleeker, (2) p. 30.

2 226—266 a stream December 9. 1909 spec., mm long, from near Kajeli, Buru, (fresh water).

The longer of the two specimens showed, when fresh, two greenish yellow transverse bands below and bands in the behind the second dorsal. These are mentioned by Bleeker young only.

4:. Eleotris Blkr. (Ophiocara) aporos Nat. Ned. Eleotris aporos Bleeker, Tijdschr. Indië VI p. 59.

Eleotris Novara- Reise, Fische 183. aporos Kner, p. Yersl. Akad. Amsterdam XI 33, Ophiocara aporos Bleeker, (2) p.

Eleotris Max Nova Guinea V, 1908 252. aporus Weber, p.

8 spec., 266—24 mm, Lake of Galela, Halmahera, December 13> 1909 (fresh water), nom.

indig. : „Lèbo".

According to the missionary van Baarda, who procured the 6 largest specimens of the

8 this is the fish known inhabit the lake. The is said Kükenthal. mentioned above, only to same by

The collected specimens by last-named are recorded by Steindachner (Abh. Senckenb.

Naturf. Gesell. XXV p. 431) as E. macrolepidota {Bl.) Gthr., which is not surprising, as Günther considers E. Blkr. to be of this aporos a synonym species.

5. Eleotris (Ophiocara) hoedti Blkr. [Plate II]. Nat. VI Eleotris Hoedti Bleeker, Tijdschr. Ned. Indië p. 496.

Hoedti Versl. Akad. Amsterdam XI 35. Ophiocara Bleeker, (2) p.

Eleotris 1908 253. Hoedti Max Weber, Nova Guinea V, p.

2 215—250 River 9. 1909 spec., mm, near Kajeli, Burn, December (fresh water).

125 river 1909 1 spec., mm, Waiha, Waigeu, December 20. (fresh water).

205 —220 29 —30. 2 spec., mm, brook at Mumes, Waigeu, December 1909 (fresh water).

4 66 —136 18. 1910 spec., mm, river Waisa, Waigeu, January (fresh water).

— 120 2 spec., 106 mm, Ambon, February 1910.

The figures 6 and 7 on Plate II represent two male specimens, caught together in the Buru. this river near Kajeli, They clearly show the variety of coloration in species. Most duller than those specimens are much figured here aud miss the purple spots on the body 136

in dress. both are which makes me suppose that my Buru-specimens are nuptial Although the vertical the males, there is a marked difference in the colouring of fins, caudal being

the has freckled with spotted in larger specimen, which moreover an orange-red anal, yellow,

hand the caudal of the and a black soft dorsal with yellow markings, while on the other

and two smaller specimen is unspotted, the anal is blackish, with yellowish rays red bars,

between at the in the second with a yellow one them, the base of fin. While red is wanting

is of of the dorsal of the larger specimen, there a row bright red spots between the bases

of that fin the smaller rays in specimen.

6. Eleotris (Culius) fuscus (Bl. Schn.).

Poecilia Ichth. 453. fusca Bloch, Schneider, Syst. p.

Culius Versl. Akad. Amsterdam XI fuscus Bleeker, (2) p. 40.

26 —86 river freshwater 29 spec, mm, Waihä, Waigeu, above rapids, December 20. 1909.

3 —95 brook at 29. 30. spec, 81 mm, Mumes, Waigeu, fresh water, December 1909.

37 —84 river fresh December 8 spec., mm, Rabiai, Waigeu, water, 31. 1909.

2 77 —105 small branch of river Bajon, fresh spec., mm, Waigeu, water, January 9. 1910. 7 river fresh spec., 53 —87 nam, Waisa, Waigeu, water, January 18. 1910.

100 — 124 1910. 2 spec., mm, Ambon, February

57 river Batu March 1910. 1 spec., mm, merah, Ambon,

7. Eleotris (Culius) melanosoma Blkr.

Eleotris melanosoma Nat. Ned. lndië III 705. Bleeker, Tijdschr. p.

Culius melanosoma Yersl. Akad. 43. Bleeker, Amsterdam (2) XI p.

45 from 1 spec., mm, river Waihä, Waigeu, fresh water above rapids. December 20. 1909.

A 23 mm from the river Waiu young specimen, long, waigé, Waigeu, possibly belongs to this species.

8. Eleotris (Belobranchus) belobrancha C. V.

Eleotris belobrancha Cuvier & Hist. Nat. Poiss. XII Valenciennes, p. 243.

Belobranchus Yersl. Akad. Amsterdam XI 5B. Quoyi Bleeker, (2) p.

1 River West spec., 77 mm, Riuapa, Ceram, February 22. 1910 (fresh water). B 38 —50 of the spec., mm, upper course river Tuba, West Ceram, February 27. 1910 (fresh water).

This species seems to be confined to the Malay Archipelago. Recently (Ann. Mag. Nat.

Hist. I it has been recorded from New Guinea Tate (8) p. 153) by Regan.

9. Eleotris (Butis) butis (Ham. Buch.),

butis Cheilodipterus Hamilton Buchanan, Fish. Gang. p. 57.

Butis butis Yersl. Akad. XI Bleeker, Amsterdam (2) p. 62.

1 102 fresh spec., mm, river Waiu waigé, Waigeu, water but under tidal influence.

December 24. 1900.

has My specimen only squamulae at the base of a few scales of the trunk, which points to E. amboinensis. The dentition however is of as described 1. typical butis, by Bleeker c.

10. Eleotris (Butis) amboinensis Blkr.

Eleotris amboinensis Nat. Indië Y Bleeker, Tijdschr. Ned. p. 343.

Versl. Butis amboinensis Bleeker, Akad. Amsterdam (2) XI p. 66.

Eleotris amboinensis Max Weber, Nova Guinea Y p. 253.

2 spec., 45—47 mm, Kajeli, Buru, December 4. 1909 (fresh water).

6 West spec., 22—84 mm, Kairatu, Ceram, February 16. 1910 (brackish water). 137

Rhiacichthys Boulenger.

1. Rhiacichthys aspro (C. V.). Cuvier & Hist. Nat. Poiss. XII 321. Platyptera aspro Valenciennes, p. Bleeker, Nat. IX 310. Platyptera aspro Tijdschr. Ned. Indië p.

1 from the river West Ceram. spec., 157 mm long, a streamlet running into Erne,

Gobius L.

1. Gobius echinocephalus Rüpp.

Gobius Atl. Reise nach Fische 136. echinocephalus Rüppell, Afrika, p. Gobius XII 135. amiciensis Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss. p.

Gobius Ned. III 703. xanthosoma Bleeker, Nat. Tijdschr. Indië p.

Gobius melanosoma Bleeker, ibid.

Gobius Fische 457. echinocephalus Max Weber, Siboga-Exp. p.

15 19—35 spec., mm, Ambon, between corals. February 1910.

2. Gobius variabilis Steind.

variabilis Naturf. 430. Gobius Stein dachner, Abh. Senckenb. Gesellsch. XXV p.

Gobius variabilis Max Fische Weber, Siboga-Exp. p. 458.

8 28 from spec., —47 mm, the reef at Saonek, December 1909.

3 69—72 spec., mm, Batu merah, Ambon, March 1910.

3. Gobius javanicus Blkr.

Gobius Nat. Indië XI 88. javanicus Bleeker, Tijdschr. Ned. p.

2 46—55 of river West Ceram. 27. 1910 spec., mm, Upper course Tuba, February (freshwater).

with the Bleeker. I find however My specimens closely agree description given by one

less in the second while the is banded with brown. Two bands ray dorsal, body longitudinally running parallel to eachother along the middle of the sides are darker than the other ones.

These bands are united at distances by dark blotches, formed by the dark margins of two or three the bands consecutive scales of the longitudinal row, between which run.

4. Gobius oyensi n. sp.

nd D. VI. I. 6. A. I. 6. P. 17. L. 1. 26. 1. tr. 7 (between anal and 2 dorsal).

Moderately compressed. Profile slightly sloping down from the beginning of the first

where the has its dorsal, body greatest height, to the eyes and from those running downwards to the snout, the tip of which is

much below the level of the lower

4 in border of theeye. Height length

without caudal. Head about 3 l in /3

3 length without caudal, its width 1 / 5

in its length, which is more than

its height. Eyes more than 4 times

in length of head, about equal to

snout and about 2 times in the

postorbital part of head. They are

in the placed high head, looking Gobius oyensi n. up Fig. 4. sp. upwards and sidewards and only

in about of their diameter Posterior nostril just front of ; anterior nostril '/2 apart. tubular, eye with below and a little in front of nostril a valve. posterior and provided Gape very oblique, below hindborder of thick Swollen muciferous reaching to eye; lips and swollen; jaws subequal. 138

These canals form parallel rows on the chin, between the two mandibles. muciferous canals

visible the above and on the swollen are also on snout, the posterior nostril faintly cheeks. The Gillmembranes united with and separated from eachother by the isthmus. head is destitute and the of of scales, excepting some large scales on the operculum in about 2 rows, upper part

the is the head behind the eyes, which covered with scales and conspicuously separated from

hindborder of the to naked cheeks by a deep farrow, running on each side from the eye the

the There 8 in front of the dorsal. These upperborder of operculum. are about rows of scales is scales, as also those on the opercle and those of the abdomen, are cycloid, the rest ctenoid, all the 4th first dorsal much than the and much are of about same size. ray of longer others not longer than length of head. Second dorsal higher behind than in front, its longest ray

Anal the and about to much shorter than head. pointed, middle rays being the longest equal

Caudal its little than head without snout. longest ray of first dorsal. truncated, length a more

than 4—5 Pectorals acutely rounded, about as long as the head and a little longer ventrals.

in the the strong, curved canini on each side fore part of upper jaw, forming one continuous band the front the mouth. the the of teeth in of Behind those and along sides of upper jaw small without canini behind the canini teeth, or caninoids, in several rows. Teeth in the

mandible small and a broad band at the but pointed, forming symphysis, only a stripe (of

one row?) along the sides. On both sides of the mandible laterally 2 canini, which are not so strong as those of the upper jaw. Tongue not notched. Colour yellowish brown, with fine

above brown blotches along the sides and indications of an alternating row those. Three

brown transversal bands on the belly, hidden by the ventral-disk; the hindermost running

the dark through the anus. Two scales behind operculum brown as well as a stripe running

the the middle the and caudal from eye to of upper lip. Second dorsal banded with brown, first dorsal with an indication of a black band through its upper part and a black spot

and between the third, fourth, fifth ray.

1 26 9. 1909. spec., mm, from the river near Kajeli, Burn, December

1 65 1910. spec., mm, from the upper course of the river Tubah, W. Ceram, February 27.

The diagnosis given, above is based on the larger specimen of the two, as the pecularities

the not to be made in the smaller which of dentition were out specimen, moreover only shows vestiges of the colour pattern. I have examined another specimen, .of 35 mm length,

from the island of Babber, taken in the Jer (river) Toilela, near Tepa, at 500 M. of the mouth by Mr. F. A. H. Weckherlin de Marez Oyens, to whom I dedicate this species. This

which is Gobius Max Weber and in list of fishes specimen, mentioned as spec, by myself 1 ) our from is similar in but misses the bands on the Babber, to the type every respect, belly. characterised maxillaries and the small number of in This species is by the long rays the dorsal and anal fin.

5. Gobius (Gnatholepis) knighti (Jord. & Everm.). Comm. XXll 204. Gnatholepis knighti Jordan & Evermann, Bull. U. S. Fish. p.

XXIII 487. Gnatholepis knighti Jordan & Evermann, Bull. U. S. Fish. Comm. p. Bull. Bur. Fish. 395. Gnatholepis knighti Jordan & Seale, XXY p.

21 —28 the 1909. 3 spec., mm, from reef at Saonek, December

is allied Blkr. and This species to G. cauerensis (= ophthalmotaenia) G . capistratus Peters. the in the It differs from former by having no free silk-like rays pectoral, at least this

in is said about this in the of is the case my specimens. Nothing point description this fish,

mention under the of the but Jordan & Evermann characteristics genus Gnatholepis : „pectoral with In the the silky rays". accompanying plate however, pectoral rays are represented as united. The tongue is notched, as has already been observed by Jordan and Seale.

de Zoetwatervisseheii van Timor Amsterdam. 1) Max Weber & L. F. cle Beaufort, Over en Babber, Verslag Akad.

133. 1912. p. 139

6. Gobius ornatus Rüpp.

Gobius ornatus Atl. Reise Afrika 135. Rüppell, p.

Gobius interstictus Richardson, Voy. Erebus & Terror, Fishes p. 3.

Gobius Nat. Ned. Ind. I 249. periopthalmoides Bleeker, Tydschr. p.

Gobius ornatus Günther, Cat. Brit. Mus. III p. 21. Fische der Südsee p. 172.

Gobius ornatus Day, Fishes of India 4°. p. 294.

22—77 27 spec., mm, Saonek, reef, December 1909.

1 68 spec., mm, Sorong, New Guinea, January 1910.

4 spec., 48—57 mm, Batu merah, Ambon, March 1910,

One of the has instead 6 in the first dorsal, specimens of Ambon 7 rays of

7. Gobius semidoliatus C. V.

Cuvier Hist. XII Gobius semidoliatus & Yalenciennes, Nat. Poiss. p. 67.

Gobius semidoliatus Klunzinger, Synopsis Fische Roth. Meer. p. 475. Gobius Akad. 326. semifasciatus Kner, Sitzb. Wien LYI1I p.

Gobius semidoliatus Fishes of India 4°. 295. Day, p.

semidoliatus Jordan & Bull. Bur. Fisher. XXY 897. Zonogobius Seale, p.

Gobius semidoliatus Max Weber, Siboga-Exp. Fische p. 462.

One specimen, 23 mm long, from the reef at Saonek, December 1909.

8. Gobius ophthalmicus M. Web.

Gobius Max Notes XXXI 150. 463. ophthalmicus Weber, LeydenMus. p. Siboga-Exp. Fische, p.

12 1909. spec., 12—38 mm, reef at Saonek, December

My specimens quite agree with those described by Prof. Weber. In my largest specimen

however I find a strong curved canine tooth in the lower jaw.

9. Gobius melanocephalus Blkr.

Bat. XXII 33 Gobius melanocephalus Bleeker, Verh. Gen. p.

Gobius t. A. personatus Bleeker, e. p. 3

Gobius 34. grammepomus Bleeker, t c. p. Gobius Nat. 200. grammepomus Bleeker, Tijdschr. Ned. Indië IX p. 280. Gobius litturatus Steindachner, Sitzb. Akad. Wien XLII p.

Gobius Cat. III grammepomus Günther, Brit. Mus. p. 64, p. 554.

Gobius Fishes of India 4°. 292. personatus Day, p.

Gobius Ann. Mus. Civ. Genova IX melanocephalus Vinciguerra, (2) p. 173.

Max Gobius melanocephalus Weber, Siboga-Exp. Fische, p. 465.

1 spec., IIS mm, upper course of river Rabiai, Waigeu, fresh water, December31. 1909.

1 spec., 105 mm, upper course of river Riuapa, West Ceram, fresh water, February 22. 1910. fresh 1 spec., 109 mm, upper course of river Tuba, West Ceram, water, February 21. 1910.

the in There are not only scales on operculum, the manner described Max Weber 1. by c., of scales but there are several rows on the cheeks too. In one of longitudinal my specimens these and 6 in ventral rows are very clearly visible number, leaving the part of the cheeks naked. Bleeker and the later authors doubtlessly overlooked these scales. Prof. Max Weber pointed out to me a marked sexual difference in this species. The head

the male is much less leaden above of darker, more or grey and below, as also the pectorals the and the ventrals. In female on the contrary, there exists a black spot on the hinder half

of the first dorsal, which is wanting in the male.

10. Gobius puntang • Blkr.

ISTat. II Gobius puntang Bleeker, Tydschr. Ned. Indië p. 486.

Gobius Bleeker, Nat. V puntangoides Tijdschr. Ned. Indië p. 242. 140

19. Gobius puntangoides Günther, Cat. Brit. Mus. III p. III 171. Gobius puntangoides Günther, Fische der Südsee p. 405. Exyrias puntangoides Jordan & Seale, Bull. Bur. Fish. XXY p.

9 104—141 1910 brackish). spec., mm, Majalibit-bay, Waigeu, January (strongly

2 125—165 spec., mm, Ambon,"Batu-merah, February 1910.

11. Gobius (Glossogobius) giuris Ham. Buch. Fishes 51. Gobius giuris Hamilton Buchanan, Ganges p. 468. Gobius giuris Max Weber, Siboga-Exp. Fische p.

1 288 from stream December 9. 1909 spec., mm, a near Kajeli, Bnru,

12. Gobius (Glossogobius) celebius C. Y.

Gobius celebius Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss. XII p. 56.

Gobius celebius Max Weber, Siboga-Exp. Fische p. 468.

Halmahera Maan. 1 spec., 140 mm, Buli, (Mission. leg.).

IB. Gobius reticularis Max Web.

Gobius reticularis Max Abh. Senckenb. Naturf. Gres. XXXIY 38. Weber, p.

1 14 river Rabiai, December 31. 1909. spec., mm, Waigeu, river December 20. 1910 above 21 spec., 16—22 mm, Waihä, Waigeu, (fresh water, rapids).

1 15 river W. spec., mm, (bad condition) upper course of Tuba, Ceram, February 27.

1910 (fresh water).

14. Gobius rouxi M. Web.

Gobius rouxi Max Weber, Abh. Senckenb. Naturf. Ges. XXXIY p. 40,

16 mm from the mouth of the river W. 1 spec., long, Riuapa, Kairatu, Ceram, February 16. 1910 (brackish water).

15. Gobius (Rhinogobius) scapulopunctatus de Bfrt.

de Zool. Anz. Gobins (Rhinogobius) scapulopunctatus Beaufort, XXXIX, p. 137.

D. VI. 8(9). A. 8. 1.1. ±27. l.tr. 8.

Body compressed, with the head slightly depressed, the height of the head being slightly

less than its breath. The of the is of the total ('/ of the height body % length 4 length

without caudal). The length of the head

J 3 is of the total of the /4 length ( /10 length

without caudal). The dorsal profile gently

from the first dorsal to the slopes eye, from here it bends rather abruptly down

to the snout. The eyes are very close 5. Gobius (Rhinogobius) scapulopunctatus de Bfrt. Fig. together, prominent above the dorsal

profile and situated in the first half of the

head. Their diameter is —3 times the of the head. The snout is 2'/2 length rather obtuse and

than the shorter eye. Anterior nostrils tubular. Sides of head and opercles naked. Crown of

head and neck covered rather in by large scales, partly inbedded the skin and not easily

visible. A between the and behind each well as on pore eyes eye as the hinder margin of the Rictus Maxilla praeoperculum. somewhat oblique. Jaws almost equal. reaching under the front border of the thick. with rounded eye. Lips Tongue truncated, edges and the frontmargin curved inwards. Outer of teeth in both slightly row jaws enlarged, lancet-like. Scales ctenoid, than those on the fore part of the body slightly smaller the rest. First dorsal lower than the in the in the male middle body female, the rays are prolonged and exceed the height of Second the lower the body. dorsal beginning above vent, than the body. Anal beginning behind the second dorsal, lower than the body and with the hindermost rays the longest. 141

the silk-like. V not Pectorals as long as the head, none of rays free and entrais short, reaching the the the border of the fin a festooned vent, the rays prolonged beyond membrane, giving total appearance. Caudal rounded, % of the length.

5 the back. first Colour in spirits whitish, with saddle-like brown bands on The on the neck, the second under the first dorsal, the third and fourth under the second dorsal and the

reach where fifth on the tail. Yentrally they to the middle of the body, they are partly

of blotches. A dark brown confluent with a longitudinal row somewhat darker brown elongate

and an indistinct the to the patch under the eye stripe running forward from eye mouth.

the sides four small black Brown patches on and on the under surface of the head. Three or in the middle of spots above the origin of the pectoral. A black spot on the dorsal side and tail base of caudal. The has black the of the at male some scattered spots along sides body

the and, along back, similar to those above the pectoral. Two indistinct black bands on first dorsal, of second and anal with black dark fins. Rays dorsal spots, forming bands on the

Pectorals, ventrals and anal dusky, darker in the male.

3 —24 the reef at Saonek. December 1909. spec. (2 55, one cf) 20 mm, from

This species is allied to Ctenogobius hadropterus Jorcl. & Snyd. from Japan, from which it differs and the by having a shorter snout, a larger eye (age differences?) by having second

be dorsal placed more in advance, besides other small differences. It may easily distinguished by the three or four black spots above the pectoral.

16. Gobius (Cryptocentrus) stigmatophorus de Bfrt.

Gobius de Zool. Anz. XXXIX 136. (Cryptocentrus) stigmatophorus Beaufort, p.

D. VI. 12(13). A. 13(14). P. 16. 1.1. ±80, l.tr. ± 20.

Body elongate, laterally compressed. Its height is contained 6 times in the total length,

5 times in the length without caudal. The length of the head is contained 4 times in the total length, more than 3 times in the length without C. The height of the head is a little

than the half of its The close situated in more length. eyes are very together, the first half of' the head and their diameter is contained 3 2 times in the of the latter. The obtuse / s length

than snout is shorter the eye. The rictus is oblique. The maxilla reaches not quite as far

the centre of There 8 canini each side in the back as a vertical from eye. are on upper jaw

outer and 5 or 6 on each side, in the lower jaw. The ones of those in the mandible are stronger than the others and curved backwards. The scales are ctenoid, especially so on the sides of the body and on the tail, where they are larger than on the fore part of the

The head is the scales in front of the dorsal fin. The 3ld body. naked, beginning just ray of the 1 st dorsal is the and about i of the of the The second is longest js height body. dorsal

first Its close to the one. length is not quite twice that of the first dorsal and a little more than that of the anal. is than that the first dorsal. The Its height less of pectorals are rather pointed, their length is equal to the distance from the posterior margin of the operculum to the of', the free. The than the middle the eye ; none of' rays ventrals are slightly shorter pectorals and do not reach the vent. The caudal is obtusely pointed and '/o of the total length.

bands Colour in spirits greyish brown, with about 14 vertical narrow light on the body. Cheeks and operculum spotted with light blue ocelli, surrounded by deeper blue. Most of the scales of and the body have a blue vertical stripe. Besides these light spots stripes there are black

the and the the spots on sides of the head on the sides of body. Some larger spots behind

and where and form eye above the hinder margin of the operculum, they are confluent a first 3 of conspicuous dark patch. A black band crosses the basal portion of' the dorsal, rows black the dorsal. band and dark at spots on second Anal with a submarginal dusky a spot the base between formed between each ray. Caudal crossed by about 5 dark bands, by spots Pectorals the rays. dusky at base, ventrals pigmented with dusky.

One specimen, 31 mm long, from the reef of Saonek, December 1909.

This species is closely allied to Gobius arabicus L., which has a similar pattern of colo-

Akad. ration. When we compare the measurements given by Steindachner (Denkschr. Wien,

19 142

G. arabicus with those of G. we flncl that in the LXXI, p. 147) for a juvenile stigmatophorus, In of coloration this has latter the head is longer and the eye larger. its mode species some resemblance with Cryptocentrus octofasciatus Tate Regan.

Callogobius Bleeker.

1. Callogobius hasseltii (Blkr.).

Eleotris Hasseltii Bleeker, Nat. Tijdsei* Ned. Tndië I p. 253.

Eleotris Hasseltii Bleeker, Nat. Trjdschr. Necl. Indië XI p. 412.

hasseltii Fische 480. Callogobius Max Weber, Siboga-Exp. p.

4 19—51 from the reef' at December 1909. spec., mm, Saonek,

Gobiodon Bleeker.

1. Gobiodon quinquestrigatus (G. V.). Cuvier & Hist. Nat. Poiss. Gobius quinquestrigatus Valenciennes, XII p. 134.

Gohiodon Archiv. Neerl. X 117. quinquestrigatus Bleeker, p.

26 —38 1910, 3 spec., mm, Ambon, among corals, February

2. Gobiodon hypselopterus Blkr.

Archiv. Gobiodon hypselopterus Bleeker, Neérl. X p. 120.

1 42 the coral-reefs at 1910. spec., mm, from Ambon, February

Schismatogobius de Bfrt.

Anz. (Zool. XXXIX p. 139).

Body elongate, naked. Teeth fixed, long, needle-like, curved backwards at the end, widely

in several in both behind the Vertical set rows jaws. Maxilla produced far eye. fins well

developed, first dorsal with six spines.

Yentrals united, forming a well deve- loped disk.

Gobiosoma longipinnne Steind. from the Gulf of California may possibly in this find a place genus, besides the de Fig. 6. Schismatogobuis bruynisi Bfrt. type Sch. bruynisi, described below.

of N. Steindachner's in the Jordan & Evermann (Fishes America) placed species genus Ever-

however the that it mannia, making (p. 2256) remark, may be the type of a distinct genus.

Sch. in the fact of a naked It agrees with bruynisi, having body combined with a produced features the chief maxilla, these being characteristics of the new genus. It differs however in

a much second dorsal and anal, with 16—17 while has having longer rays, my species only fins. The of G. 9 rays in those teeth longipinne are described by Steindachner as follows:

1 „die beiden Kiefer tragen seitlich zwei, vorn 3 Eeihen kleiner Zähne '. . .. spitzer According the teeth to in to this description seem be much smaller than Sch. bruynisi and probably Steindachner they are not curved backwards, as does not mention anything of that kind.

1. Schismatogobius bruynisi de Bf'rt. (Plate II fig. 2).

de Zool. An/. XXXIX 139 Schismatogobius bruynisi Beaufort, p.

D. VI. 9. A. 9.

the neck and the of Body naked, elongate, compressed, head depressed, crown the head snake-like flattened, giving to the latter a appearance. The height of the body is contained

than times in the total 6 in the without more 7 length, times, length caudal. Profile sloping

gradually from the first dorsal to the point of* the snout. The latter is pointed, slightly 143

hinder shorter than the eye. Eyes situated much nearer to the end of the snout than to the margin of the operculum, close together. Their longest diameter is contained 4 times in the

length of the head. The latter is contained a little more than 4 times in the total length,

3 times in caudal. Rictus Praemaxilla Maxilla '/a the length without oblique. protractile. very long, extended backwards far behind the eye, longer than the postorbital part of the head. Lips moderately thick. Teeth fixed, long, needle-like, curved backwards at tip, widely set, in

the front. In the the teeth in the back-row upper jaw in three rows in lower jaw are strongly

tooth-row in the much than that of the inclined backwards. The upper jaw longer lower

row half the of the rictus. Isthmus broad. The jaw, the latter extending way length very

first dorsal is lower than the body. The distance between the fitth and sixth ray is much

than that between other The second dorsal is in front the more the ones. as high as body, and diminishes in height backwards. The anal begins scarcely behind the second dorsal and

is less high than the body. The pectorals are pointed, -as long as the head without snout.

The ventrals united and shorter than the Their are are pectorals. length is slightly more than that of the postorbital part of the head. Caudal rather pointed, equalling the ventrals in length.

Colour yellow, reticulated all over with brown. Under the first and the second dorsal

these reticulations are broader, deep black and partly confluent, forming two transversal

dark bands the Distal end of tail well the which irregular on body. black, as as caudal fin,

and the has three yellow spots, one terminal two others dorsally and ventrally. The black

of the tail is united by a fine longitudinal black band with the black under the second

The two dorsal. dorsal fins are deep black, the first one crossed by two, the second by three longitudinal yellow bands. Anal yellow, blackish along its base. Pectorals with an irregular

black band. Ventrals with a sub terminal black bar.

One 89 from the river West Ceram specimen, mm, Eme, Honitetu, (fresh water), February 24. 1910.

Named in honour of Lt. J. Bru officer of the at y nis, commanding military post Honitetu,

who helped us in every possible way.

Microsicydium Bleeker.

1. Microsicydium gymnauchen (Blkr.).

Act. Soe. Sc. Ind. neerl. III 11 Sicydium gymnauchen Bleeker, p.

Versl. Akad. 2 dc reeks IX 15. Microsicydium gymnauchen Bleeker, Amsterdam, p.

Max Abh. Senckenb. Naturf. Gesellsch. Bd. XXXIV 46. Microsicydium gymnauchen Weber, p.

1 39 West 20. 1910 spec., mm, river Eme, Ceram, February (fresh water).

This is than specimen longer either the 300 specimens examined by Bleeker or those

mentioned by Max Weber. I cannot find the canines in the mandible, described by the latter

The of author. colouring of my specimen is somewhat different to those Bleeker. There are

no traces of transversal bands, but there exists a black longitudinal line, running from the

under the base fin and the upper lip backwards eye, over the of the pectoral along sides

of to the caudal fin, on the base which the line ends in a dark spot.

Stiphodon Max Weber.

1. Stiphodon elegans (Steind.) (Plate II flg. 4 & 5).

Akad. Wien 152. Sicydium elegans Steiüdaehner, Sitzungsber. p. Pr. Zool. Soc. 1884 162. Sicydium elegans Ogilvie Girant, p.

Max Semon. Y Stiphodon semoni Weber, Forschnngsr. p. 270.

Jordan Bull. Bur. Fish. XXV Microsicydium elegans & Seale, p. 411.

Semoni Max Nova-G-uinea V 261. Stiphodon Weber, p.

December 1909. 1 spec., 19 mm, Batjan, 11. 144

—43 river West-Ceram 1910. 37 spec., 29 mm, Erne, (fresh water), February

1 34 river West-Ceram 22. 1910. spec., mm, Riuapa, (fresh water), February

14 25—30 river West-Ceram 27. 1910. spec., mm, Tuba, (fresh water), February

Max the small Weber established genus Stiphodon for a gobioid from Ambon, allied to

Sicydium iu its dentition, but differing by having a free ventral disk, not adherent to the Steindachner belly as in the latter genus. Previously however had described the same fish

It is Steindachner this as Sicydium elegans. incomprehensible why ranged fish — without any remark — in the genus Sicydium, as he states in his diagnosis: „Ventrale frei". In his revision of the Grant S. the other members of the genus Sicydium Ogilvie placed elegans among genus.

a of that of As his description is copy Steindachner, I suppose that he did not see specimens.

Jordan and Seale, who neither saw specimens, mention the species under the name of' Micro-

of the Bleeker that "it sicydium elegans, saying genus Microsicydium of may be provisionally

from the scales". Bleeker however has distinguished Sicyopterus by large given a complete

of Med. Akad. 2Jo IX diagnosis Microsicydium (Verb, en Kon. Amsterdam reeks p. ,15), which

with the under discussion. The genus has nothing to do species scales are not large as supposed by Jordan and Seale, but the small number of scales in the linea lateralis is due to the fact that the first part of the body is naked.

Max Weber has already drawn attention to the remarkable sexual dimorpbismus in this While the females the males of a dark species. are longitudinally banded, are brown or blackish colour in In life however there is spirits, lighter on the belly. a splendid, shining blue line the which almost along side, disappears immediately after death. Some of my larger female shaded with carmin the II specimens are strongly along sides (Plate fig. 5). Two other

carmin all much smaller specimens are bright over, the vertical fins included. Along the back there are traces of a brown band. The head is blue (with exception of the occiput)

II I can't find — besides the these differences — (Plate fig. 4). any colour between specimens and A bluish head with a be in several the other ones. black light brown occiput may seen other male specimens so that it seems to me not improbable that these are specimens of in It is the same species nuptial dress. not easy to make out the sex of the two small

without them. The be specimens destroying genital papilla seems to only slightly different in the of this and two sexes species, being truncated slightly emarginated or bicorned in the female and in the male. If this holds of in obtusely pointed good, one the two specimens

dress would be a the other which has nuptial female, one, the rays of the first dorsal

a male. If this the would be much elongated, were true, sexes more alike in the nuptial dress than in the dress. At all events the females they are ordinary have a tendency to

in is shown become carmin the fraying period, as by one of the above-mentioned females with carmin shades the which had the ovarium Max on sides, filled by almost ripe eggs.

Weber described a male specimen (with elongated first dorsal) with two yellowish cross bars,

one in front and the other behind the second dorsal, the body being brown in spirits. Great

of not in colour but also in the be range variation, only pattern, seems to a characteristic of this species.

Stiphodon elegans is known from the Society-islands (Stein dachner), Ne.w Guinea, Ambon,

and Ceram. Moreover there at (Max Weber) Batjan are specimens in the museum Amsterdam from

Nias. It have Java and seems to a wide distribution but being rather rare at the same time.

semoni I have compared one of' the typical Stiphodon Max Weber with Steindachner's description and I cannot find difference. of Sicydium elegans any I found this species at Ceram and Batjan in clear mountain streams.

Gen. Sicyopus Gill.

When Bleeker described Ned. Ind. XII (Fat. Tijd. p. 296) Sicydium zosterophorum and he it with balinense, remarked that was only hesitation that he brought these two species

under the as had no labial and the teeth genus Sicydium, they teeth, as in the upper jaw

not bristle-like but formed in the same in the mandible. In 262 were way as a footnote on p. 145

of the Proc. Aeacl. Philadelphia 1868, Grill created for these species (apparently without having

the We that he seen them), genus Sicyopus. can scarcely say gave a diagnosis of the genus,

as be seen the footnote, which runs as "The may from above-quoted follows: Sicydiina e are four represented by genera Sicydium (old world), Sicyopterus (new world), Sicyopus (without labial teeth, &c., and embracing Sicydium zosterophorum Blkr., and S. balinease Blkr.), and

1 Sicyogaster Gill.' . In his „Esquisse d'un système naturel des gobioides", (Arch. JSTeerl. IX),

Bleeker the but did it the Latrunculini. adopted genus, not place among Sicydiini but among the

The short diagnosis given there was enlarged in the „Révision des Sicydiini et Latrunculini

de rinsulinde" Akad. 2*30 reeks Bleeker the from the (Versl. Amsterdam, IX). removed genus

Sicydiini because he restricted the Sicydiini to forms with labial teeth. Besides the two species

of three in it that no of the found. Bleeker, specimens all, seems specimen genus was ever collected Among my material, in the mountain streams of West Ceram, are two well-preserved

specimens of S. zosterophorum, besides a new species, with a considerable greater number of

scales (about 55) in the lateral line. As Bleeker mentions in the diagnosis of thegenus: "Squamae...

in serie it will be to the in this 32 circ. longitudinali", necessary change diagnosis respect. habitus like. Head This new diagnosis may run as follows: Body elongate, Sicydium-

naked, body scaled, with ctenoid scales, 32—55 in the 1.1. No labial teeth. Teeth in both cleft of' jaws in a single row, pointed and more or less apart. Lips thick, the mouth horizontal.

Isthmus broad. Ventrals round, formed as in Sicydium but free from the belly. D. YT. 10—11.

A. 10—11.

has certain affinities with in the of the The genus Stiphodon, specially shape ventrals, but it differs from this genus by the absence of' labial teeth.

1. Sicyopus zosterophorum Blkr. (Plate II fig. 3). Ned. Indië XII Sicydium zosterophorum Bleeker, Nat. Tijdschr. p. 296. Versl. Akad. Amsterdam 2 do IX 287.' Sicyopus zosterophorum Bleeker, reeks, p.

20. 1910 2 spec., 38—45 mm, river Erne, West-Ceram, February (fresh water).

above with of The two specimens mentioned quite agree the description the single

specimen hitherto known and described by Bleeker. The colour of the hind part of the body the and is brick-red in life, as well as the second dorsal, anal the upper margin of the first

dorsal. The smaller of the two specimens has a large blue spot on the first dorsal, between

the two last rays.

2. Sicyopus multisquamatus de Bfrt. Zool. XXXIX Sicyopus multisquamatus de Beaufort, Anz. p. 142.

D. VI. U.A. 10. 1.1. about 55, l.tr. about 14.

Body elongate, rather more depressed than compressed. The height of the body is con-

in total almost in tained a little more than 8 times the length, 7 times the length without

caudal. Head flattened above, the upper profile horizontal from the first dorsal to the eye,

then to the of the snout. The of the head is contained 4'/ times in the sloping point length 2

total almost 3 3 times in the length, / 4 length without caudal. The diameter of the is to the of eye equal length

x the snout and of the of the / 4 length

is rather head. The interorbital space

more than times the diameter of l'/2 Fig. 7. Sicyopus multisquamatus de Bfrt. of the mouth is low the eye. The cleft

The and the sides of' the lower and horizontal, as in Sicyopterus. entire upper lip lip are of thick and swollen. The maxilla reaches a vertical through the middle the eye. A single row

the of about 20 strong yellow-tipped teeth in upper jaw. These teeth stand wide apart; the,y

and curved inwards. A similar of' teeth in the but here are pointed strongly row mandible, 146

the teeth are much smaller and not curved. Isthmus broad. The first dorsal is short and much the it is The first of' the lower than second one, from which widely separated. rays second dorsal are as the much shorter. high as body in front, but the last rays are

The as the The caudal anal is not so high the second dorsal, the first rays are longest.

1 is its is a little more than of the total The rounded are truncated, length /0 length. pectorals shorter than The the centre of the the head. ventrals are shaped as in Sicyopterus, but only disk is adnated to the belly. Its length is almost equal to half the length of the head. Scales

and and the of the and the tail on neck belly cycloid small, on hinderpart sides on large and strongly ctenoid. Head naked; the scales reach to the sides of the occiput, but they are here almost hidden in the skin and scarcely perceptible. Colour in spirits yellowish. A triangular blackish A dark band the sides. of the fins dark. spot on the operculum. along Rays dorsal

Anal colourless.

1 19. 1910. spec., 58 mm, from a brook in the mountains near Honitetu, W. Ceram. February

This species is easily distinguished from the other species of the genus by the great

number of scales in the 1.1. and l.tr.

Sicyopterus Grill.

1. Sicyopterus longifilis de 13frt.

de Zool. Anz. XXXIX 140. Sicyopterus longifilis Beaufort, p.

D. VI". 11. A. 11. P. 19. 1.1, about 66, l.tr. 17.

the is contained 6 times in total The height of body the length, 5 times in the length

3 3 without caudal. The of the head is contained 4 — 5 times in the length /5 total 3 —4 length, /4 the without caudal. The is situated times in length eye nearly in the middle of the length

Its is of the head. of the head. diameter % —% of the length The eyes are 2 times their

diameter apart. The rounded snout is

2 times as as long the eye. The maxilla

reaches under the front border of the

eye. Upperlip without median cleft.

Teeth in the upper jaw tricuspid. There 8 are strong teeth on each side in the

lower jaw, besides two canines in front.

The head is naked, except the occiput. Scales of occiput, neck and belly cycloid,

therest Fig. 8. Sicyopterus longifilis de Bfrt. ctenoid. There are about 25 scales

in front of' the first dorsal. These scales

ancl those the shoulder and on the smaller than along belly are those on the sides of the

the tail. The dorsals close nd ld body and on two are very together. The 2 3 and 5 th , , - ray of the first dorsal filamentous and are excessively long, being rather more than half the

caudal. The is length of the body without second dorsal higher than the body and pointed

behind. The anal is like the dorsal, but much lower, its height being less than that of the

Caudal rounded, than head. Pectorals body. longer pointed, as long as the head. The diameter

of the ventral disk is the half of the length of the pectoral.

Colour in brownish, whitish, on and spirits the belly at the underside of the head, the

chin however blackish. 7 or 8 indistinct dark being transverse bands on the back. A black

from the to the corner of the mouth. First dorsal stripe running eye whitish, with an indistinct

dusky spot between the third and fifth ray. The hinderpart of the first dorsal and the whole

of' the second dorsal with dots. Caudal variegated dusky blackish, its upper and under margin

broadly edged with white. Pectorals blackish, with a broad clear white margin, narrowing towards the tip. Ventrals white. 147

49— 97 of river W. ö spec., mm, upper course Tuba, Ceram, February 27. 1910.

This from all other Tndo-australian the species differs Sicyopterus bj enormous development of its dorsal fins. It seems to be closely allied to S. pugnans 0. Grant from Savaii, from which it differs in teeth in being less elongate, in having tricuspid in stead of bicuspid the upper

and in number of jaw having a greater scales in the linea lateralis and transversalis. According

the there is is to figure also a difference in the place of the eye, which represented as being nearer to the tip of the snout than to the hind margin of the operculum.

1. Sicyopterus brevis de Bf'rt.

brevis de Anz. 141. Sicyopterus Beaufort, Zool. XXXIX p.

D. YI. 11 —12. A. 12. 1.1. about 62, l.tr. about 16.

The height of the body is contained 5'/ times in the total length, 43/ , times in the 2 r length without caudal. The length of the head is contained times in the total length, 4'/2

3 3 / in the without caudal. The is situated in the middle of the of the head. 4 length eye length

The diameter of the is '/ of the of' the head. The are times their diameter eye 4 length eyes 1'/2

without median cleft. No the beneath the Teeth apart. Upperlip papillae on gum upper lip. in the upper jaw tricuspid. The first and the two last mandibular teeth caninoid, the middle

minute. The maxilla does the middle of the ones not reach quite so far as a vertical through Head the eye. naked, except the occiput. The cycloid scales on the occiput and neck and on

smaller than the ctenoid sides the and the belly are ones along the of body on tail. The

of the third and of the dorsal is of the length longest ray first equal to the height body. Second dorsal and anal much shorter than the height of the body. The pectoral is shorter

The than the head. longitudinal diameter of the ventral disk is more than the half of the length of the head. Colour in spirits yellowish. A dark longitudinal band along the sides of

at the body, and another interrupted zig-zag-shaped one, which is less distinct, each side

the back. An indistinct between the third and fourth of the first dorsal. along dusky spot ray

Second dorsal with dark snbterminal band obliquely striped blackish, anal white with a

Caudal with an indistinct median stripe (a continuation of the band along the sides of the from the body) and with traces of a horse-shoe-shaped submarginal band. A dark stripe runs

the of mouth. e_ye to corner the

2 44 and 45 W. spec., mm, upper course of river Tuba, Ceram, February 27. 1911.

This species is distinguished by its short body. It seems to be allied to S. taeniurus Gthr.,

but differs in having smaller scales, in having a shorter pectoral etc.

Periophthalmus Bl. Schn.

1. Periophthalmus koelreuteri (Pall.),

Gobius koelreuteri Pallas, Spicil. VIII p. 8.

UI Periophthalmus koelreuteri Günther, Cat. Brit. Mus. p. 97.

42 1909. 16 spec., — 103 mm, Saonek, December 18.

1 50 N. spec., mm, Sorong, Guinea, January 1910 (L. de Bruyn leg.).

W. 16. 13 spec., 63—82 mm, Kairatu, Ceram, February 1910.

11 Ambon. spec., 42—72 mm,

Taenioides Lac.

1. Taenioides spec.

2 20—34 W. brackish 16. 1910, spec., mm long, Kairatu, Ceram, water, February

These two small specimens seem to be allied to Taenioides urolepis Blkr., they have

however no trace of scales. 148

Scorpaenidae.

S eb astes C. V.

1. Sebastes (Sebastopsis ) guamensis (Q. G.).

et Gai 325. Scorpaena guamensis Quoy raar d, Voyage Uranie, Zool. p. 74. Scorpaena guamensis Günther, Fische der Südsee, p.

Verh. Kon. Akacl. Amsterdam XVI 21. Sebastopsis polylepis Bleeker, p. XXV Sebastopsis guamensis Jordan & Seale, Bull. Bar. Fish. p. 374.

2 88 and 20 from the at December 1909 and spec., mm, reef Saonek, January 1910.

Scorpaena Artedi.

1. Scorpaena novae-guineae G. V. ?

Novae-Guineae Cuvier & Scorpaena Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss. IV p. 820.

Novae-Guineae Verh. Scorpaenopsis Bleeker, Akad. Amsterdam XVI p. 35.

2 juvenile specimens, 23 and 33 mm long, from Saonek, probably belong to this species.

Gymnapistus Swainson.

1. Gymnapistus niger (C. V.).

Cuvier & Hist. Nat. Poiss. IV Apistus niger Valenciennes, p. 415.

Verh. Kon. Akad. Amsterdam XVI 86. Gymnapistus niger Bleeker, p.

One of 18 from W. Ceram. young specimen mm, Ivairatu, February 16. 1910.

Platycephalidae.

Patycephalus Bl. Schn.

I. Platycephalus bobossok Blkr.

bobossok Nat. Ned. Platycephalus Bleeker, Tijdschr. Indië IV p. 461.

Platycephalus bobossok Bleekev, Yerh. Kon. Akad. 23. XIX, Platycephahis, p.

1 73 from fishmarket spec., mm, the at Macassar, March 11. 1910.

Triglidae.

Parapercis Bleeker.

1. Parapercis cylindrica (BI.).

AuslÊind. Fische VI 42. Sciaena cylindrica Bloch, p.

Percis Mus. II 239. cylindrica Günther, Cat. Brit. p.

3 spec., 83—102 mm, Saonek, December 1909.

Blenniidae.

Salarias Cuvier.

1. Salarias amboinensis Blkr.

Salarias amboinensis Bleeker, Act. Soc. Scient. Ind. II p. 67

2 —110 spec., 57 mm, Saonek, December 1909,

1 103 1910. spec., mm, Ambon, February 149

2. Salarias sumatranus Blkr.

Salarias sumatranus I 256. Bleeker, Nat. Trjdschr. Ned. Inclië p.

Salarias 531 sumatranus Max Weber, Siboga-Exp. Fische p.

1 100 from the reef 1909. spec., mm, at Saonek, December

3. Salarias striatomaculatus Kner & Steind.

Salarias striatomaculatus & Stein ber. Akad. Wien. LIV 368. Kner dachner, Sitz. p.

2de XII 6. Salarias striatomaculatus Bleeker, Yersl. Akad. Amsterdam Reeks, p.

Salarias Max Fische 531. striatomaculatus Weber, Siboga-Exp. p.

1 99 1910. spec., mm, from Sorong, New Guinea. L. de Bruyne leg. January

Max with which I My specimen differs from that mentioned by Weber, was able to

characteristic of compare it, in the fact of having a crest on the head (probably the male) and in having the dorsal and anal broadly margined with brownblack.

4. Salarias interruptus Blkr.

Salarias XIII 68, interruptus Bleeker, Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Indië p.

4 spec., from the reef at Saonek, December 1909.

5. Salarias lineatus C. V.

Salarias lineatus Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss. XI p. 314,

Salarias lineatus Bleeker, Yerh. Bat. Gen. XXIII p. 18.

332. Salarias lineatus Day, Fishes of India 4°. p.

5 46—88 from the reef December specimens, mm, at Saonek, 1909.

6. Salarias rivulatus Rüpp.

Salarias rivulatus Rüppell, Atl. Reise Nordl. Afrika p. 114.

Salarias quadricornis Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss. XI p. 329.

15 24—69 the at December 1909. spec., mm, from reef Saonek,

7. Salarias bilitonensis Blkr.

Nat. Indië XY 231 Salarias bilitonensis Bleeker, Tijdschr. Ned. p.

2 44—63 the reef 1909. spec.. mm, from at Saonek, December

8. Salarias spec.

2 34 and 33 the reef at spec., mm, from Saonek, December 1909

I am not able to these two under of the known range young specimens one species. to lack nasal They show some affinity S. periophthalmus, but canini, have simple tentacles, while of the dorsal and some caudal rays are produced.

I think it safer not to these in describe half-grown specimens as a new species, order not to create still confusion in the of the Salarias. Prof. Weber and I more species genus Indo-australian of Salarias for will have to work out the species the genus our „Fishes of the Indo-australian Archipelago" therefore I will postpone further reseach to the future.

Petroscirtes Rüppell.

1. Petroscirtes grammistes (C. V.) XI Blennechis grammistes Cuvier & Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss. p. 284. III Petroskirtes anem aBleeker, Nat. Tijdschr. Ned. Indië p. 273.

Fishes Brit. Mus. III Petroscirtes anemaGünther, Cat. p. 236.

Petroscirtes grammistes Günther, Südseefische, p. 197.

20 150

18 spec., 32—55 mm long, river Batu merah. Ambon, March 1910.

25 21 spec., —74 mm long, river Mirdika, Ambon, December 1909, February 1910.

W. 16. brackish. 2 spec., 21—47 mm long, Kairatn, Ceram, February 1910,

the and the smaller the All larger specimens a good deal of ones differ from descriptions of the authors cited above in the following points : Presence of small suborbital tentacles, in 8 interorbital tentacles, four of which are situated a row in front, the four others placed

in of A of small tentacles in front of the more backwards the corners a square. pair

a each side dorsal fin on the vertex, and half dozen on along the outer edge of the prae-

the chin. The middle of fin operculum. Two small barbels on ray the ventral mostly pro- duced, sometimes very much so. The head dark violet, without traces of the lower of the

the three longitudinal dark bands. This band is diffuse on body, of a violet colour, sometimes

It tail. between the bands almost absent. reappears however on the The light interspace yellow. Dorsal fin with its outermargin greyish, separated from the bi'oad black band along the

nd base of' the fin by a white interspace, obsolated in front between the 2 to the 6th spine, but

reappearing between the first and second spine, where the outermargin of the fin is deep

A subterminal black band the anal and a its base. black. along fin, dusky one along

that the fishes with the described above the males and the I suppose pecularities are dissected two of each other ones the females. I specimens variety which proved to be of

in the expected sex these four cases.

and but of The females agree with the descriptions given by Bleeker Günther, some them

undersurface head. have a diamond-shaped black marking on the of the

Batrachidae.

Batrachus Bl. Schn.

1. Batrachus grunniens (L.) Mus. Fried. Cottus grunniens, var. B. Linné, Acl. II p. 65 Batrachus Cat. Brit. Mus. III 168. grunniens Günther, p. Fishes of India 4° 270. Batrachus Gangene Day, p.

1 200 from the at March 12. 1910. spec., mm, fishmarket Macassar,

2. Batrachus diemensis (Lesueur).

diemensis Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. Batrachoides Lesueur, Philadelphia, III p. 402.

& Batrachus diemensis Richardson, Voyage Erebus Terror, Fishes p. 17.

Mus. III 170. Batrachus diemensis Günther, Cat. Brit. p.

4 —108 spec., 78 mm, Beo, Majalibit-bay, Waigeu, January 1910.

Antennariidae.

Antennarius Commerson.

1. Antennarius spec, juv

1910 One specimen from Ambon, long 22 mm, February

Triacanthus Cuvier.

1. Triacanthus blochi Blkr.

Nat. Ned. III Atl. Ichh. V 89. Triacanthus blochi Bleeker, Tijdschr. Indië, p. 81. p.

Tate Proc. Zool. 182. Triacanthus blochi Regan, Soc. 1903 p.

95 and 89 fishmarket, March 11. 1910. 2 spec., mm, Macassar, 151

Balistes L.

1. Balistes viridescens Bl. Selm.

477. Balistes viridescens Bloch, Schneider, Syst. Ichth. p.

Balistes (Pseudobalistes) viridescens Bleeker, Atl. Ichth. V p. 112.

2 65 and 130 1910. spec., mm, from Ambon, February

2. Balistes undulatus Mungo Park.

Trans. Linn. Soc. Ill 37. Balistes undulatus Mungo Park, p.

Atl. V Balistapus lineatus Bleeker, Ichtli. p. 118.

Cat. Brit. Balistes undulatus Günther, Mus. VIII p. 226.

1 15. 1910. spec., 155 mm, from Saonek, January

3. Balistes aculeatus L.

X 328. Balistes aculeatus Linné, Syst. Nat. Bd. p.

aculeatus Atl. Iclitli. Balistapus Bleeker, V p. 102,

1 spec., 139 mm, from Saonek.

4. Balistes verrucosus L.

Nat. 328. Balistes verrucosus Linné, Syst. Eel. X p.

r verrucosus Atl. Ichth. A 120. Balistapus Bleeker, p.

1 152 from Saonek. spec., mm, 94 and 118 from Ambon. 2 spec., mm,

Monacanthus Cuvier.

1. Monacanthus tomentosus (L.).

Nat. Ed. 328. Balistes tomentosus Linné, Syst. X p.

Monacanthus Atl. Ichth. Y 126. hajam Bleeker, p.

Monacanthus tomentosus Bleeker, Atl. Ichth. Y p. 127.

tomentosus Cat. Brit. Mus. YITI 238. Monacanthus Günther, p.

2 52 and from at Ambon. spec., 82 mm, the fishmarket

24 70—106 from the 1910. spec., mm, Majalibit-bay, Waigeu, January 65 New 1910 de 1 spec., mm, from Sorong, Guinea, January (L. Bruyne leg.).

2. Monacanthus chinensis (Bl.).

Balistes chinensis Bloch, Ausl. Fische II p. 29.

Atl. Y 125. Monacanthus chinensis Bleeker, Ichth. p.

1910 de 1 spec., 122 mm, from Sorong, New Guinea, January (L. Bruyne leg.).

1 71 from the fishmarket at March 11. 1910. spec., mm, Macassar,

Ostracion L.

1-. Ostracion cornutus L.

Ostracion Nat. Ed. X 331. cornutus Linné, Syst. p.

V 35. Ostracion arcus Bleeker, Atl. Ichth. p.

Brit. VIII 265. Ostracion cornutus, Günther, Cat. Mus. p.

] 155 spec., mm, Ambon, February 1910.

1 61 March 1910. spec., ram, Macassar, fishmarket, 152

Tetraodontidae.

Tetraodon L.

1. Tetraodon hispidus L.

Nat. Ed. X 333. Tetraodon hispidus Linné, Syst. p.

V Crayracion implutus Bleeker, Atl. Iehth. p. 71.

VIII 297. Tetraodon hispidus Günther, Cat. Brit. Mus. p. Fishes India 4° Tetraodon hispidus Day, of p. 706.

der Bd. III 467 Tetraodon hispidus Günther, Fische Südsee, p.

1 spec., 145 mm, Saonek.

1 1910. spec, 173 mm, Majalibit-bay, Waigeu, January

3 32—165 spec, mm, Ambon.

Both specimens have a black anal ring. This is not in accordance with Bleeker's state-

nullo". Günther however this in ment „ano annulo nigro (Fische d. Südsee) mentions ring some of his varieties.

2. Tetraodon immaculatus Bl. Schn.

Tetrodon immaculatus Bloch, Schneider, Syst. Ichth. p. 507.

immaculatus Atl. Ichth. V 75. Crayracion Bleeker, p.

manillensis Atl. Ichth. V 69. Crayracion Bleeker, p. Cat. Brit. Mus. VIII Tetrodon immaculatus Günther, p. 291.

6 1910. spec., 150—95 mm, Majalibit-bay, Waigeu, January

Guinea 1 spec., 90 mm, Sorong, New (L. de Bruyne leg. January 1910).

of the manillensis is to be the All my specimens are striped variety ( ), which considered juvenile dress of T. immaculatus.

3. Tetraodon erythrotaenia Blkr.

Nat. Ned. Indië Y Tetraodon erythrotaenia Bleeker, Tijdschr. p. 174.

Bleeker, Atl. Ichth. V 68. Crayracion erythrotaenia p. Tetrodon Max Abh. Naturf. erythrotaenia Weber, Senckenb. Gesellsch. XXXTY p. 48.

10 52—74 from the river Ambon, spec., mm, Mirdika, February 1910.

4. Tetraodon patoca Ham. Buch.

Tetrodon Fish. patoca Hamilton Buchanan, Ganges, p. 7.

Leiodon Atl. Ichth. Y patoca Bleeker, p. 76.

Brit. Tetrodon patoca Günther, Cat. Mus. YIII p. 288

River Waiu 1 spec., 55 mm, waigé, Waigeu, freshwater under influence of tide,

Dec. 25. 1910.

200—68 1910. 2 spec., mm, Majalibit-bay near Beo, Waigeu, January

5 62—14 West brackish 16. spec., mm, Kairatu, Ceram, water, February 1910,

4 spec., Ambon, February 1910.

3 spec., Batu merah, Ambon, March 1910. 153

II. General part.

The chief importance of the collection, described above, lies in the fact that it contains

of Indo-Australian a number of freshwater-fishes from different islands in the eastern part the archipelago, viz. from Bum, Ceram, Batjan, Ilalmahera, Ambon and Waigeu.

the hours to The fishes collected at Batjaü, during few of our visit, belong only three species : Kuhlia marginata (0. Y.)

Therapon rosenbergii Blkr. Stiphodon elegans (Steind.)

flows into the the They were caught in a mountain-stream, which bay of Batjan. Only first three has been recorded from this island who one of these previously by Bleeker, gave two lists of freshwater-fishes from Batjan ')■ The two others are not mentioned either by

Max Weber in his table of the distribution of the freshwater-fishes of the Indo-Australian

2 in collected Kükenthal that archipelago ) or by Steindachner the record of the fishes by on

3 island ).

4 which Max Weber ) has given a list of the freshwater-fishes of Ambon. Among the fishes

I collected there in freshwater and estuaries, the following do not occur in that list: 1. Hemirhamphus dispar C. V. 2. Mugil rossi Blkr. 3. Platophrys pantherinus (Rüpp.)

4. Lutjanus biguttatus (C. V.) 5. Lutjanus ehrenbergi (Pet.) 6. Lutjanus argentimaculatus (Forsk.)

7. Apogon ceramensis Blkr. 8. Therapon rosenbergii Blkr.

9. Sillago sihama (Forsk.) 10. Caranx macrophthalmus Riipp.

11. Acanthurus blochii C.V.

12. Gobius puntang Blkr.

13. Gobius variabilis Steind.

14. Petroscirtes grammistes (C. V.). 15. Tetraodon hispidus L.

collection the from the I have in my following species Halmahera, presented to me by missionary Gr. A. Maan and obtained in a stream near Buli: 1. Mugil bleekeri Gthr. ?1

2. Lutjanus argentimaculatus (Forsk.)

3. Gobius celebius C. Y.

of Max None of them are either recorded in the list Weber or by Steindachner from

Kiikenthal's collection.

the I of From lake Galela got by the kind assistance the missionary van Baarda the only species of fish, which is said to inhabit it:

Eleotris Blkr. aporos

5 Not much is known of the fish-fauna of Buru. Quoy & Gaitnard ) mentioned some marine species from Buru as well as Cuvier & Valenciennes in the „Histoire naturelle des

Nat. Ned. Indië 359—378 and IX. 191—202. 1) Bleeker, Tijdschr. VII, 1854, p. 1855, p.

Max einer Reise nach O. Indien. 447. 2) Weber, Zoolog. Ergeb. Ill, 1894, p.

Abhandl. Senckenb. Gesellsch. 413. 3) Steindachner, Naturf. XXV, 1901, p.

Max Zool. 440 and in Zool. in Australien und dem 4) Weber, Ergeb. Ill, p. Semon, Forschungsreisen Malay. Archipel

260. 1895, p.

5) Quoy & Gaimard, Voyage de l'Uranie et de la Physicienne, Zool. Poissons. 1824. — Voyage de l'Astrolabe. Zool.

674. Ill, 1834, p. 154

Poissons". Bleeker ') has published several papers on the fishes of Buru, but it is not specially

stated the if specimens were caught in freshwater; generally nothing is said about habitat, in other cases there is only stated that they came from the sea and estuaries near Kajeli.

2 Lastly Forbes ) mentions a species of eel as the only fish inhabiting the lake Wokolo in

the interior of the island. This is about all that is known about the fish-fauna of this island.

The fishes which I collected in a stream near Kajeli not far from its mouth, will add but

* little to our knowledge. In the following list of the fishes obtained there, those with an

have not yet been recorded from Buru.

1. Anguilla mauritiana Benn. *2. Coelonotus leiaspis (Blkr.) *3. Doryrhamphus mento (Blkr.) i. Doryrhamphus brachyurus (Blkr.) *5. Doryrhamphus brevidorsalis de Bf'rt. *6. Doryrhamphus caudatus (Peters). *7. Mugil borneensis Blkr. *8. Mugil ceramensis Blkr. *9. Mugil subviridis C. Y. 10. Kuhlia marginata (C. V.). 11. Kuhlia rupestris (Lac.)

12. Ambassis buroensis Blkr.

*13. Ambassis commersoni C.V.

*14. Eleotris gyrinoides Blkr. *15. Eleotris porocephalus C.V.

16. Eleotris hoedti Blkr.

17. Eleotris amboinensis Blkr.

18. Gobius giuris H. B. *19. Gobius oyensi de Bfrt.

Little is also known with certainty about the freshwater-fishfauna of Ceram. Although

Bleeker 3 has contributions ) given many to our knowledge of the fishfauna of that island,

the 7 are collected only following ones specially recorded as freshwater fishes. They were

by von Rosenberg in the river Ruwata, which flows in the Elpaputih-bay, at the south

coast of the island.

1. Mugil heterocheilos Blkr. 2. Agonostoma oxyrhynchum C. V. 8. Gymnothorax polyuranodon (Blkr.)

4. Lutjanus fuscescens (C. Y.) 5. Kuhlia marginata (C. Y.) 6. Therapon rosenbergii Blkr. 7. Eleotris porocephalus C. Y.

The which I fishes, collected at Ceram, are all from one river-system, viz. the Riuapa,

which flows near Kairatu southern It into the part of the Piru-bay. cornes from the moun- tains near Honitetu, where I visited its uppercourse, which has the character of a rapid

on a several mountain-torrent, rushing down rocky bed. Here it receives brooks, which run in deep ravines and unite in the torrent Eme, which again flows in the Riuapa. Another of its tributaries, the river Tuba, mixes its water with that of the Riuapa lower down. I also

of had an opportunity of fishing in the Tuba in that part its course, where it leaves the mountain.

Nat. Ned. Ind. XI. 383 —414. ibid. XIII. 55—82. ibid. XXII. 109—114. 1) Bleeker, Tijdschi-. 1856, p. '1857, p. 1861, p.

Dierk. II. 141—151. Ned. Tijdsch. '1865, p.

eines Naturforschers im II. 1886. 2) Forbes., Wanderungen Mala}'. Archipel. p. 115.

Nat. Ned. Ind. III. ibid. V. 233—248. ibid. XI. 3) Bleeker, Tijdschr. 1852, p. 229—309, p. 689—714. 1853, p. -1856,

486—487. ibid. XII. 508. ibid. XXII. 228—238. Ned. Dierk. I. 252—261. II. p. 1856—1857, p. 1861, p. Tijdschr. 1863, p. ibid.

182—193. -1865, p. 155

In the accompanying table the distribution of the fishes collected in the Riuapa and its

from tributaries is shown. Certainly the list of fishes is very far being complete, especially of

the the where I its those of lower part of river, only collected during an hour or so near

mouth and in a clear, gently flowing brook in the lowland, the Krikua, a left tributary of

the Riuapa.

Out of this table be that the Gobiidae ascend the rivers farthest and may seen especially

those with a well-developed ventral disk, as the different species of Sicyopterus and Sicyopus

well as and which as Stiphodon elegans, Microsicydium gymnauchen Rhiacichthys aspro, are all probably able to resist the rapid current by attaching themselves to the stones in the bed of the river.

Riuapa Riuapa SPECIES Krikua Tuba Èmé (mouth) (uppercourse)

* Anguilla celebesensis Kp + Atherina spec +

Mugil spec +

* Achirus poropterus Blkr +

Syngnathus spicifer Rüpp +

* Doryrhamphus brachyurus (Blkr.) . . . +

* Doryrhamphus caudatus (Pet.) .... + +

Kuhlia marginata (0. V.) + +

* Therapon argenteus (CV.) +

Therapon jarbua (Forsk.) +

Blkr. Scatophagus argus ...... +

Lutjanus argentimaculatas (Forsk.) . . +

Apogon spec +

Ambassis urotaenia Blkr +

Caranx hippos L +

* Gobius melanocephalus Blkr + +

* Gobius reticularis M.Web +

* Gobius javanicus Blkr +

* Gobius rouxi M.W +

* Gobius oyensi de Bfrt /+

* Rhiacichthys aspro (CY.) +

* Eleotris gyrinoides Blkr +

* Eleotris amboinensis Blkr +

Eleotris belobrancha CV +

* Sicyopterus longifilis de Bfrt +

* Sicyopterus brevis de Bfrt +

de . . * Sicyopus multisquamatus Bfrt. . +

* Sicyopus zosterophorum (Blkr.) .... +

*

. Microsicydium gymnauchen ('Blkr.) . . +

* Stiphodon elegans (Steind.) + ') + + +

* Schism de Bfrt. . . atogobius bruynisi . +

Taenioides spec +

koelreuteri Pall Periophthalmus T

* Petroscirtes grammistes (CV.) +

Gymnapistus niger CV +

Tetraodon patoca H.B +

of where Kuhlia marginata however was also met with in the highest parts the rivers,

it to the from one to the other. was actually seen leap through rapids pool

In these wild streams eels and sea-needles were not found, but Anguilla celebesensis Kp.

ascend the be and Doryrhamphus caudatus (Peters) as far as where rapids begin, as may

demonstrated by their capture in the river Tuba. Freshwater-fishes from Waigeu where not known with certainty before I visited the

fauna this island the island. In fact all that was known of the ichthyological of were

2 Lesson from the of and & Gaimard species reported by ) voyage „La Coquille" by Quoy

not 1) Only seen, captured. 2) Lesson, Voyage autour du monde sur La Coquille, Zoologie 1830. 156

as mentioned Cuvier from that of „L'Uranie" et „la Physicienne", well as some species

1 Bernstein & Valenciennes and by Bleeker ), who published the list of fishes collected by on

the visited fishes that that island. Lastly Siboga-expedition Waigeu, and some of locality fishes are mentioned in Max Weber's report on the of that expedition.

of them however All of None are from freshwater. the fishes mentioned by Lesson were

captured „dans la baie d'Offach". Those described by Quoy & Graimard are only stated to be

at indication whether the fresh- caught Waigeu, without they came from sea, estuaries or collected water and the same can be said of those by Bernstein. It is however probable that

freshwater at least the following species came from or estuaries: 1. Eleotris fusca BI. (= Eleotris niger Q. G.)

2. Eleotris hoedti Blkr.

Anguilla marmorata of Quoy & Gaimard ought perhaps to be mentioned here too, but it doubtful if is very the species described by these authors from Waigeu really is an Anguilla

Max Weber. Zool. Jahrb. I. (cf. Suppl. 1912, p. 580).

The rivers aud which I have in the brooks explored Waigeu are following:

1°. which into the The I River Waiu waigé, flows bay Tip waigé. place where collected was

not far from its mouth, where the river flows a rather in which through swampy forest,

here and there isolated rocks arise. The species collected are:

1. Anguilla spec. juv.

2. Apogon amboinensis Blkr. 3. Eleotris (Butis) butis H. B.

4. Eleotris (Culius) spec. juv.

2°. River at south coast the the it finds Waihä, the of island. For greater part its way to

the sea through limestone-rocks, which here come down to the coast. Its course is thus

short and steep. All the species were collected above the rapids. 1. Sphagebranchus mindora Jord. & Rich.

2. Anguilla spec. juv.

3. Gobius reticularis M. Web,

4. Eleotris hoedti Blkr.

5. Eleotris fusca Bl. Sehn.

6. Eleotris melanosoma Blkr.

8°. River also at the south Waisa, coast and of about the same condition as the foregoing. 1. Eleotris gyrinoides Blkr.

2. Eleotris hoedti Blkr.

3. Eleotris fusca Bl. Schn.

4°. A several small rapidly flowing brook, forming waterfalls, near Mum es, south coast of Waigeu.

1. Eleotris hoedti Blkr.

2. Eleotris fusca Bl. Schn.

The rivers all flow into following the Maj alibit-bay, which almost divides Waigeu in two communicates parts and only by a rather narrow the passage with open sea. Notwith-

the which make one standing circumstances assume that the water of this bay, which has

the aspect of a lake, is more or less fresh, this is not the and its quite case water is strongly brackish. I collected of the several fishes in the end bay, near the island Beo, which all provft the brackish character of their be from the habitat, as may seen following list: 1. Atherina duodecimalis C. Y.

2. Atherina endrachtensis Q. G.

3. Hemirhamphus quoyi C. Y. 4. Hemirhamphus buffonis C. Y. 5. Aeoliscus strigatus (Gtlir.) 6. Apogon melas Blkr.

Yersl. Akad. Amsterdam II. ibid. 331—335, I) Bleeker, (2) '1868, p. 295—301, p. 157

7. Apogon sangiensis Blkr. 8. Apogon ceramensis Blkr. 9. Apogon orbicularis Blkr. 10. Cheilodipterus singapurensis Blkr.

11. Ambassis dussumieri C. Y.

12. Lutjanus biguttatus (C. V.)

13. Caesio maculatus C. Y.

14. Therapon puta 0. Y.

15. G erres oyena (For.sk.)

16. Gazza argentaria (Forst.) 17. Amphacanthus javus L.

18. Platyglossus hyrtli (Blkr.) 19. Platyglossus bicolor (Bl. Sclin.)

20. Pomacentrus trilineatus C. V.

21. Caranx hippos L. 22. Caranx affinis Rüpp. 23. Chorinemus lysan (Forsk.)

24. Blkr. Gobius puntang

25. Eleotris aruensis M. Web.

26. Batrachus diemensis Lesueur

27. Monacanthus tomentosus (L.)

28. Tetraodon H. patoca B. 29. Tetraodon hispidus L. 30. Tetraodon immaculatus Bl. Sehn.

The following rivers, which flow into the Majalibit-bay, were explored.

5°. a in eanion-like River Rabiai, flowing on gravel-bed a narrow valley. 1. Syngnathus spicifer Rüpp. 2. Coelonotus leiaspis (Blkr.)

3. Rhombatractus catherinae de Bfrt.

4. Ambassis urotaenia Blkr. (mouth, of river).

5. Gobius reticularis M. Weber.

6. Gobius melanocephalus Blkr. 7. Eleotris fusca Bl. Schn. 6°. River Bajon (gravel-bed.)

1. Rhombatractus catherinae de Bfrt.

2. Gerres filamentosus C. Y. (near mouth). 3. Eleotris fusca Bl. Schn.

7°. Wai-semi, a side river of the Kaiawat (gravel-bed, flowing through rather level forest).

1. Rhombatractus catherinae de Bfrt.

8°. Wai-menil (uppercourse torrent-like, undercourse on gravel-bed). 1. Rhombatractus catherinae de Bfrt. (upper and undercourse).

2. Eleotris aruensis M. Web. (undercourse).

The only locality from the north coast, where I collected, was :

9°. river Lam-lam, a clear brook in level forest, which flows into the Fofak-bay. 1. Kuhlia marginata (C. Y.)

In 158 I all known to inhabit the table on page have given a list of the fishes now the freshwater of the islands which I visited and those in the neighbourhood, in fact including the principal islands between the Greater Sunda-islands and New Guinea, only

Celebes. I have excluded this island from contributions to the excepting iny list, as new freshwater fish-fauna of this island will shortly be published by Prof. Max Weber.

As a base for this table I have used that given by Weber (1. c. antea), but I have only recorded here those species, which are known from freshwater and excluded from the list those which are found in brackish water and been found the sea only, or have accidently 158

in freshwater. The list is farther brought up to date by entering the fishes recorded by

from Aru- and Kükenthal (1. c. antea) Batjan, Halmaliera, by Max Weber ') from the Kei-

2 3 islands, by Miss Popta ) from Lombok and Sumbawa and by Max Weber and myself ) from

Timor and as well those recorded in this from the islands mentioned above. Babber, as paper

major Remarks on the distribution SPECIES ba or of the m sol genera Lombok Sumbawa Flores ra Ceram Ambon Batjan Halmahera Babber Waigeu Bali Su Kotti Ti Burn Obi Kei Aru Mi

Barbus maculatus CV Asia, Europe, Africa, fresh water. Rasbora argyrotaenia Blkr Asia, Africa, fresh water. Rasbora elberti Popta Clarias batrachus (BI.) ■+■ + + 1 Asia, Africa, fresh water. Copidoglanis brevidorsalis (Gthr.) . . . New Guinea, Australia.

Copidoglanis ater (Perugia) ..... z-j-zzzzzzzz^z+zz Anguilla mauritiana Berm + H 1 h + ++—+++ h — Katadrom !

—-— --- Anguilla celebesensis KP + + + + — ~ + — Anguilla australis Rich + Gymnothorax polyuranodon (Blkr.) . . i Chiefly marine. •— _ Sphag ebranchus mindora Jord. & Rich. + __ Chiefly marine.

Aplocheilus javanicus Blkr — + p Asia, Africa, fresli and brackish Aplocheilus celebensis M. Web + water. Syngnathus spicifer Rüpp Chiefly marine.

Syngnathus retzii Blkr — —I Doryrhamphus brachyurus (Blkr.)". . . Chiefly marine. mento Doryrhamphus (Blkr.) .... 1

caudatus — Doryrhamphus (Peters) . . . —i h —f ++ g +- Doryrhamphus brevidorsalis de Bfrt. . .

Coelonotus leiaspis (Blkr.) ...... Philippines, Madagascar.

Pseudomugil novae guineae M. Web. . . New Guinea, Australia, fresh

water. Pseudomugil gertrudae M.Web. . . .

Web — Rhombatractus patoti M. + New Guinea, Australia, fresh

Rhombatractus M. — senckenbergianus Web. , + water.

catherinae de Bfrt . . — _ Rbombatractus . I—- sundanensis Blkr. - Fresh and of all Mugil ...... -I + water coasts Mugil subviridis CV —I —I—|. — the temperate and tropical Mugil borneensis Blkr regions.

Mugil ceramensis Blkr + + + + —

Mugil troschelii Blkr _( —

Mugil oligolepis Blkr ——+ —

Blkr - — Mugil heterocheilos —f -f—I—- — Mugil labiosus CV C. "V. . Agonostoma oxyrhynchum . . West India, Central America, New Zealand, Australia, Mau- ritius, Comora islands. Fresh

water.

.... Aeschrichthys goldiei Macleay h 4 - New Guinea, New Caledonia,

fresh water.

Ophiocephalus striatus BI + + + + + - + + Asia, Africa, fresh and brackish water.

Anabas scandens (Dald.) +++++++ —+-++—— South Asia, fresh and brackish

water.

Kuhlia rupestris (Lac.) East Africa, islands of Indie and

Kuhlia North fresh marginata (CV.) H H b + + H r H i b + Pacific, Australia, Kuhlia taeniura (CV.) ■ I and brackish water. Toxotes CV....'.... jaculator + + + + + — South Asia, N. Australia, Poly- nesia, New Zealand, fresh water

and coast.

Lutjanus argentimaculatus (Forsk.) . . -| 1 f -f j_ 1 Chiefly marine. Lutjanus fuscescens (CV.) Lutjanus lemniscatus (CV.) h Lutjanus marginatus (CV.) j Epinephelus pantherinus Blkr Chiefly marine.

corallicola —. Epinephelus (C. V.) .... I CV Epinephelus crapao Ambassis urotaenia Blkr Indian region, N. Australia, fresh

-- Ambassis nalua CV. . water , + and brackish and sea. Ambassis commersonii CV I—+ —+ Ambassis interrupta Blkr Ambassis buroensis Blkr

Ambassis dussumieri cv

1) Max Weber, Abhandl. Naturf. Gesellsch. XXXIV. 1. Senckenberg. 1911, p.

Notes Museum XXXIV. Note III 2) Popta, Leyden 1911, p. 9—16. — Verhandl. d. 83. Versamml. Deutsche Naturf.

Aerzte 1911. II. 1. 418. — la Dr. J. Elbert: »Die II. u. Hälfte, p. Sunda-Expedition". p. 315.

Max Weber & L. F. de Versl. Akad. Amsterdam 133. 3) Beaufort; 1912, p. 159

wa major Remarks on the distribution SPECIES ba ba of the ra genera li Ilalmahera Bali Lombok Flores Sum Rotti Timor Buru Ceram Ambon Obi Batjan Babber Kei Aru Waigeu Misol S

Ambassis batjanensis Blkr +— + + + +|- + -[+ + : Blkr . marine. Apogon hyalosoma , Chiefly Apogonbeauforti M. allied known Apogon beauforti Web I and species only Theraponrosen-cancellatus C. V. (+ from fresh -water ofNew Guinea. bergi Blkr.) _ I j_u_t I Chiefly marine. Sparus datnia (H. B.) Chiefly marine. C.V marine. Scatophagus argus +++++ + -+ + Chiefly Rich. Scatophagus multifasciatus . . . I Equula splendens Cuv Chiefly marine. Gobius baliuroides Blkr The taken in _| genus Gobius, a celebius is done Gobius C.V h H h H 1 1 1- H larger sense, as here,

Gobius giurus H. B I- + + H is almost cosmopolite. Species Blkr of the in the Gobius chrysosoma j genus occur sea,

Gobius grammepomus Blkr + + h +!— + - + + 1 brackish as well as in fresh

Gobius puntangoides Blkr +!+ + + water.

Gobius melanocephalus Blkr + - + + Gobius spectabilis Gthr Gobius javanicus Blkr -+-++ + + + 1 + Gobius tambujon Blkr + ; Gobius römeri Blkr - + Gobius hoeveni Blkr j _) Gobius cavifrons M. Web. (+) +

Gobius mertoni M. Web. j

G obius reticularis M. Web. + + + - Gobius rouxi M. Web I —• —H i Gobius leptochilus Blkr 1 i Gobius oyensi de Bfrt

Gobius zurstrasseni Popta - + + Schismatogobius bruynisi de Bfrt. . . . h With certainty only known from Ceram.

Sicyopus balinense Blkr _i Indo-Australian Archipelago. Blkr Sicyopus zosteroph orum H f Sicyopus multisquamatus de Bfrt. . . . j . Indo-Australian Microsicydium gymnauchen (Blkr.) . . Archipelago, fresli and brackish water. Stiphodon elegans (Steind.) Indo-Australian Archipelago and West Pacific fresh Sicyopterus cynocephalus Blkr h + H + islands, water.

Sicyopterus macrostetholepis Blkr. . . +■ 4 Asia to Pacific islands, fresh and Sicyopterus micrurus Blkr occasionly brackish water, M. : Sicyopterus wichmanni Web. . . . + + Sicyopterus brevis de Bl'rt j 1

de Bfrt. i Sicyopterus longifilis .... Blkr and Eleotris aporus Circumtropical subtropical. _J fresh Eleotris hoedti Blkr + _ + + _+ + - + Sea, brackish and water.

Eleotris porocephalus C. V H —I1 —I—l I—l1—I 1

Eleotris gyrinoides Blkr 1 [__j —j 1 1 Eleotris urophthalmoides Blkr. . . . . + Blkr Eleotris gymnopomus _l Eleotris melanosoma Blkr 1 (_ ++ — j 1 1 Eleotris melanostigma Blkr

Eleotris fusca Bl. Sehn ~l—I—I—I—I —I—I— f- + H~H I—l~ "I—I —I—I—"

Eleotris butis H. B ++++ + + -

Eleotris helobrancha C. V H + --++ + H

Eleotris aruensis M. Web 1 _j I— j Eleotris mertoni M.Web Eleotris mogurnda Rich Eleotris macrocephalus Blkr brackish Bostrychus sinensis Lac Asia, New Guinea. Sea, and fresh water. Bostrychus aruensis M. Web

" Indo-Australian Rhiacichthys aspro(CV.) Archipelago, Solomons islands, fresh water. marine. Tetraodon erythrotaenia Blkr + Chiefly Tetraodon patoca H. B + +!+ + +;+! +-

authors An examination of this list will lead us to the same result as to which previous

and which follows: 1° The freshwater-fishfauna of the islands came, is best expressed as

between the Greater Sunda-islands and New Guinea is chiefly constituted of marine fishes, 2° True fresh which took possession of the available freshwater as invaders from the sea.

but indian scandens water fish-families are lacking, some forms (Anabas (Dald.), Ophiocephalus less striatus BL, Aplocheilus javanicus Blkr.) have been able to extend their range more or 160

eastward. 3° Some islands in the neighbourhood of New Guinea have an australian element in their freshwater-fishfauna (Rhombatractus both members of the Melanotae- , Pseudomugil, I will in niidae and Copidoglanis). now proceed to a closer examination of these 3 elements the fishfauna of these islands and with the 3rd Max Weber has out the begin . ') pointed

the in significance of occurrence of Melanotaeniidae New Guinea. The members of this family, probably derived from marine Atherinidae, are true freshwater fishes, and their occurrence in Australia as well as on New Guinea is a confirmation of the opinion, that New Guinea

Mas it and Australia have been connected by a landbridge. The reason why Weber thought probable that this connection existed in the pliocene, whereas it disappeared in the pleistocene,

the In this the author the may be found for in paper quoted. paper expressed probability that the Aru- and Kei-islands as well as Waigeu in view of what was known of their fauna would yield Melanotaeniidae. The confirmation of this prophecy was brought shortly after- wards Weber himself for the Aru-islands a 11 but in the by ) and by myself for Waigeu ), case of the Kei-islands the result turned out to be otherwise. The collections made by Dr. H.

Merton and J. in Aru- and 4 the Dr. Roux the Kei-islands gave Weber ) opportunity of showing the marked difference in the fishfauna of these islands. In the case of the Aru-islands a

not account of the but also of the strictly papuan fauna, only on Melanotaeniidae on that

and shown Siluridae (Copidoglanis) even perceivable in the Gobiidae was to exist, whereas the scanty brooks and rivers on the Kei-islands are only inhabited by marine invaders of a more western (indian) character.

This marked difference between the fauna of the Aru- and Kei-islands is also apparent in of animals. Hartert r> it in to the islands. other groups ) expressed reference birds of these

7 Roux °) and Barbour ) pointed out the occurrence of an indian element in the reptilian fauna of the Kei-islands, which is wanting in that of the Aru-islands. At a meeting of the „ISTeder- landsch Natuur- in 1911 8 read en geneeskundig Congres" I ) a paper on the zoogeography of

of the Indo-Australian in which I the table the eastern part Archipelago, gave following on the distribution of the birds, migrants, sea-birds etc. being excluded:

SPECIES ALSO FOUND SPECIES WITH AFFINITIES SPECIES OF ENDEMIC SPECIES

IN NEW GUINEA. TO THE ORIENTAL REGION WIDE DISTRIBUTION

O r—! CO CO . 66.6% Waigeu . 14% O Batanta 0°/o . . 9°/o 63% 28%

o o Salawatti O CO 0°/O 16% . o o

O r— CO H Misol. . . . 2% 83% 2% O

Aru-Islands 7°/ 78% 2% 13% ■ 0 Kei-Islands 30% 14% 32.5% 23.5%

o Ceram r— R- 2.2 . . . ! 56.4°/ o 0 24% %

o Halmahera OL ' 20% 3°/o o 23%

difference between the birdfauna of the Aru- and Kei-islands This table shows the very

rather with those derived from the table clearly. My figures agree well given by von Ber-

9 the constitution of the birdfauna of the Aru-islands lepsch ), who expresses as follows: 112

Max Nova Guinea II. 'J 201. '1) Weber, Y, Livraison 908, p.

401. 2) Max Weber, Zool. Anz. XXXII. 1907, p.

De Zool. Anz. XXXVI. 249. 3) Beaufort, 1910, p.

Max Abhandl. Naturf. Gesellsch. XXXIV. 1. 4) Weber, Senckenberg. 1911, p.

On the birds of the and South-east Novit. VIII. 1. 5) Key Islands, Zoologicae 1901, p.

Jean und der Aru- und Kei-Inseln. Senckenb. Naturf. XXXIII. 211. 6) Roux, Reptilien Amphibien Gesellsch. 1910, p.

7) Thomas Barbour. A contribution to the zoogeography of the east indiau islands. Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard

Coll. XLIV. n" 1. 1912.

10 De XIIF Nederl. Natuur- en Geneesk. 242. 8) Beaufort, Handelingen Congres. 1911, p.

Von Abh. Senckenb. Naturf. Gesellsch. XXXIV. 9) Berlepsch. 1911, p. 55. 161

species (66 ) occur also on New Guinea, 21 (12%) are there local 88 °/0 represented by races,

11 which do This species (22 °/ ), of are endemic, not occur on New Guinea. would on 0 give table Aru-islands in stead of 7 my in the two first columns tor the 6,4% % and 77,1 % in stead of 78%.

The difference between my results and those of von Berlepsch are mainly due to different

I out in conceptions of the value of some subspecies. As pointed my paper quoted above,

there is a great difference between the birdfauna of the 5 first islands in the table and the

3 following. The 5 first have a fauna of a mainly papuan character, the percentage of the

have in Guinea 83 and whereas western species they common with New being 66.6, 63, 84, 78,

affinities are scarce or absent (1.1%, 0%, 0 %, 2%, 2%). Endemic species of' Salawatti are

and this island remained connected Guinea. The unknown, certainly longest with New occur-

rence here of a species of Zaglossus (Proechidna), while the genus is otherwise restricted to

New is of in this to Guinea, some significance respect. Although so very close Salawatti,

has birdfauna 9 which endemic. of Batanta a % of are None these, however, are strictly

also and This close endemic, but they are found on Waigeu nowhere else. shows the connection

between Batanta and Waigeu, which islands have surely only been separated in recent times,

and then long after the separation between them Salawatti, which probably still formed a

part of New Guinea. The deep Pitt strait (strait Saguwin) between Batanta and Salawatti is of much older date than the shallow Dampier strait, scattered with reef, between Batanta

and Waigeu. This is not expressed here for the first time, but has already been stated by

Guillemard '), and with the same arguments taken from the birdfauna of these islands.

The number of endemic of the birdfauna of Misol is 2 °/ 83 of the species only 0 °/ , 0 This shows that is species being also found on New Guinea. Misol too nothing else but a

part of that great island, separated in recent times. The papuan character of the birdfauna

2 has already been stated by Rothschild and Hartert' ). It is noteworthy that the reptilian fauna

show such that of New Barbour 3 has laid does not a strong affinity to Guinea. ) stress upon

this fact, and pointed out that several oriental forms have been recorded from this island.

The distribution of the birds, shown in our table, made me conclude that a line, running

from north to south westward of Waigeu and Misol, deflected here in south eastern direction

and leaving Ceram to the west of it, and then running between the Kei- and Aru-islands

to Australia, would show the probable northwestern outline of the australian continent in M. tertiary times. This line coincides with that of 200 depth on the chart, and an upheval of 200 M. of the sea-bottom would produce the old conditions, Waigeu, Batanta, Salawatti,

Misol and the Aru-islands forming part of the mainland, which would be separated by sea

from Halmahera, Ceram and the Kei-Islands. We have seen that the occurrence of Melano-

taeniidae in the Aru-islands and Waigeu confirms this opinion. The freshwater of Salawatti,

Batanta and Misol has not yet bien explored, but I think it probable, that Melanotaeniidae

will be found there.

We of the fishfauna mentioned sub 2 above. will now shortly consider the element

This is formed by species belonging to true freshwater fish-families : Barbus maculatus, Ras-

bora and members of the argyrotaenia elberti as Cyprinidae, Ophiocephalus (Ophiocephalidae),

Anabas scandens (Anabantidae) and Clarias (Siluridae), although lastnamed genus belongs to

also in of a family, some of the members of which occur the sea. The species Clarias however

are restricted to freshwater, or at most descend rivers to their mouth. Aplocheilus javanicus

and celebius be restricted to form here may mentioned here too. Although not freshwater, they the most eastern outskirts (Timor) of the family Cyprinodontidae and constitute an oriental

element in the fauna of the islands where they occur.

There is well that the Greater communis opinio among zoogeographers as as geologists

Sunda-islands formed part of the asiatic continent in tertiary times. The distribution of the

270. 1) Guillemard, The Cruise of the Marchesa, vol. II. '1886, p.

and n° 1. 56. 2) Rothschild Hartert, Novitates zoologicae VIII. 1901, p.

40 and 3) Barbour, op. c. p. 41. 162

and other Cyprinidae many freshwater-fishfamilies have contributed to establish this opinion.

Since Max Weber stated of that their ') the occurrence Cyprinidae on Lombok and showed

distribution be the believers in of can no longer maintained as an argument which the „line

Wallace" of an of view be can bring forward, out ichthyological point the possibility may

considered that this tertiary asiatic continent was prolonged eastward in a peninsula, which

later on broke into several islands.

batrachus The occurrence of Rasbora elberti and Clarias on Sumbawa, as mentioned by

which the of the and of this asiatic of Siluridae Popta, through boundary Cyprinidae genus

is to the lead us to that this even more shoven east, may suppose asiatic peninsula even

far island. it is reached so as lastnamed However not my intention to consider this problem here at length.

indian Anabas scandens and Ophiocephalus striatus are the only freshwater-fishes which extended their asiatic continent. The range east of the supposed tertiary probable reason

and these of the inhabit the rivers and lakes of the why these, only many others which yet Greater able Sunda-islands, were to penetrate so far eastward, will be mentioned lower down.

After exclusion of the australian element (Copidoglanis, Rhombatractus, Pseudomugil) and the indian of element (Barbus, Rasbora, Clarias, Ophiocephalus, Anabas, Aplocheilus) of our list, their remains a of. which form the mentioned 159 and quantity species group sub 1 on page islands which largely contributes to the freshwater-fauna of the now under consideration..

In fact on of them 110 others than these marine invaders are known inhabit many to freshwater. It will be the In the table I have noted the distribution of each genus.

that of them of which seen many are formed by species genera are chiefly marine, e. g-

the of of these in Epinephelus, Gymnothorax, Tetraodon, and occurrence some species genera freshwater be accidental and had better been left out of the as may only perhaps they list,

and in many other species which have been found in estuaries the undercourse of rivers, could claim equal right to be recorded here (e.g. Hemirhamphus, several Carangidae, Gymna-

Pleuronectidae what has been stated Max pistus niger, some etc.). They prove already by Weber, that the invasion of marine species into the freshwater is still going on. On the other hand, the of the mentioned in the list to the members of which rest species belong genera, are in the chiefly to be found freshwater and some of species seem to have completely adopted themselves to this element e. of while other seem g. species Kuhlia, Eleotris, Gobius, genera

be restricted to freshwater as to completely Agonostoma, Aeschrichthys, Toxotes, Sicyopterus,

Sicyopus, Stiphodon, Rhiacichthys, or at most descend the rivers to the estuaries. in the freshwater-fauna They all participate of these islands as well as of those to the

of the a wide west and east of them, some genera having range. Many of the species are

the rivers of Sumatra the found here as well as to the west and east, inhabiting or even

continent the West Pacific islands. asiatic as well as brooks of many of the They form what might be called the neutral shade of the freshwater-fishfauna of the islands of the Indo pacific, obsolete on the Greater Sunda-islands by the strong asiatic colouring of the fishfauna here, slightly altered on New Guinea and neighbouring islands by an australian tint and

in the Molucco coming into fullest development even islands, where they have not to com- pete with „true" freshwater-fishes.

here there are a few, which could be called Among the genera which occur endemic,,

restricted this of the world. These are : Aeschrichthys, as they are to part genera Sicyopus Stiphodon, Micros icydium and Rhiacichthys, possibly also Schismatogobius. Now it is noteworthy that the species of all these genera are particularly found in mountain streams. In the table

distribution of the fishes in the river of Ceram it given of the Riuapa (see page 155), may

that exclu- be seen species of Sicyopus, Stiphodon, Microsicydium, Rhiacichthys are chiefly or sively found in the higher parts of the streams. By their rounded ventral disk Sicyopus, well be suited live the Microsicydium and Stiphodon (as as Sicyopterus) seem to well to at

Introduction — Der Indo-australische und die Geschichte seinem 1) Max Weber, Siboga-Exp. 1902, p. 16. Archipel

Tierwelt. Fischer. Jena. 26. 1902, p. 163

bottom of rapidly flowing torrents and Rhiacichthys may even said to be especially adapted

to such a mode of life. I must add, however, that Microsicydium has also been recorded from brackish water. As just these genera, which show a special predilection to torrents, are

the only ones which seem to have originated here (with the exception of Aeschrichthys goldici, which has only twice been recorded, once from New Guinea and once from Timor, and which cannot be said to be specially adapted for the life in mountain streams, although the Timor-

be allowed make the specimens came from an altitude of about 700 m), one may to supposition that in times when the invasion into the freshwater of these islands in other began or words when these islands were formed themselves, the fishes found circumstances which favoured the adaption to torrent-life. This means that these islands must have been small or at least narrow and mountainous and that they rose steeply out of the sea.

No lowland of extent and the rainwater these islands great was present, falling on was carried along rapidly flowing brooks to the sea and dit not find conditions favourable to assemble in lakes, marshes or ponds of any importance.

In out later these brooks the above-named genera developed of marine Gobiidae. Only on, when the streams had deposed the materials, carried from the mountains into lowland and a and gently flowing undercourse was formed with ponds marshes, a new invasion of marine forms took but this recent to forms. Thus place; invasion was too produce new may be explained why the lakes, ponds and undercourses of the rivers in the Moluceo-islands do not such dirived from marine posess any special fish-genera or even species (whereas forms, invaders are present as well on the Greater Sunda-islands as on New Guinea e. g. Lycothrissa,

Datnioides, the Melanotaeniidae etc.), while at the other hand such „endemic" forms are now

in the found uppercourse of the rivers.

New Narrow landbriclges connecting Celebes with the Molucco's and Guinea as well

as with the Lesser Sunda-islands have been postulated to explain the fauna of this island 2 by the Sarasins '), and van Kampen ), led by the distribution of the Amphibia, has pointed out that these landconnections must have been poor in freshwater. In this respect he draws the attention to the distribution of Anabas scandens and Ophiocephalus striatus as well as of Symbranchus bengalensis and Monopterus albus. All these species are able to stand

their habitat live in to remain drying up of or to mud, generally spoken they can manage alive where not much water is available. This explains why they only among the many freshwater-fishes of the Great able to eastward. This Sunda-islands, were penetrate postulation

is in I I of scantity of freshwater quite accordance with that to which came above. should only be inclined to add that the landbridges, which formed temporary connections between

but also in Java, Celebes, the Molucco's and New Guinea were not only narrow, steep, other words, that the islands, which by their successive and various connection with each other formed not for instance low risen the these bridges, were coral-islands, slightly above sea

but level, on the contraiy were high and rising abruptly out of the sea.

1) P. & F. Sarasin, Ueber die geologische Geschichte der Insel Celebes auf Grund der Thierverbreitung. Wiesbaden. 1901.

P. Nova Guinea IX. Livraison I. 46 and 47. 2) N. van Kampen, 1911, p. EXPLANATION OF PLATE II.

Fig. 1. Rhombatractus catherinae de Bfrt. nat. size. River Rabiai, Waigeu.

2. obius Bfrt. Eme. Ceram. Fig. Schisma tog bruynisi de X lé- River Fig. B. Sicyopus zosterophorum (Blkr.) X l.j. River Eme. Ceram. Fig. 4. Stiphodon elegans (Steind.) cf X H. River Eme. Ceram. Fig. 5. Stiphodon elegans (Steind.) Q X 1|. River Eme. Ceram. Fig. 6, 7. Eleotris hoedti Blkr., c?> uat. size. River at Kajeli, Burn. II impr. Pl. Trap

M.

W.

P.

Fa.

dierkunde. de

tot del. Obbes

Bijdragen F. J.