View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE

provided by CMFRI Digital Repository

DBTR-H D

Indian Council of Agricultural Research Ministry of Science and Technology Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute Department of Biotechnology

CMFRI Training Manual Series No.15/2018

Training Manual

In the frame work of the project: DBT sponsored Three Months National Training in Molecular Biology and Biotechnology for Fisheries Professionals 2015-18 Training Manual

In the frame work of the project: DBT sponsored Three Months National Training in Molecular Biology and Biotechnology for Fisheries Professionals 2015-18 2 Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute PB.No:1603, ErnakulamNorth P.O, Kochi-682018, India. Director, CentralMarineFisheriesResearchInstitute(ICAR-CMFRI) Dr AGopalakrishnan Published by CMFRI Training ManualSeriesNo.15/2018 ISBN 978-93-82263-24-1 Swetha DhamodharanPV Aditya Prabhakar Assisted by Dr. ReynoldPeter Dr. P. Vijayagopal Compiled &Editedby Dr. P. Vijayagopal Principal Investigator March 2018. Fisheries ResearchInstitute(CMFRI),from2 organized bytheMarineBiotechnologyDivisionofCentral in MolecularBiologyandBiotechnologyforFisheriesProfessionals” participants ofthe“DBT sponsoredThree Months National Training This isalimitededitionoftheCMFRITraining Manualprovidedto Training Manual nd February 2015-31 st st Adithya C.andMs.Swetha Damodharan P.V. fortheir supportforthepreparationofthismanual. contributed tothesuccessful preparationofthemanual.Thanksarealsoextendedto Dr. ReynoldPeter, Ms. contents. A special recognition and acknowledgment to allpersonnelwho,even not individually mentioned, Dr. P. Vijayagopalsupervised thepreparationofthismanualandcontributorsarementionedinTable of according toneeds.Thismanualaimscomplementexisting informationinthespecialisedliterature. in thediffusionanddisseminationofacquiredskills thecontextofdifferentworkingenvironments It isourhopethatthestructureandcontentofthismanual willhelpcourseparticipants(aswellasotherusers) of thetechniquesusedinourlaboratory. theoretical andpracticalinformationonmethodologies and protocolscurrentlyused,whichdescribessome developed thismanualasbackgroundinformationforcourseparticipantsandisintendedtoprovidethe Aware of the need for a permanent source of information, the Marine Biotechnology Division of CMFRI of theparticipants.Technical detailswereprovidedtotraineesasoralpresentations andbriefwrittenoutlines. applications ofmolecularmethodsinfisheries.Theemphasisisonhands-onexperienceandskilldevelopment specialized modulesbasedonareasofexpertise.ThecoursecontentatCMFRIisdesignedtocoverallkinds the coursealongwiththeirapplicationsinvariousaspectsofaquacultureandfisheries.Eachinstituteoffers work. Allbasicmolecularbiology, geneticengineeringandmoleculargeneticstechniquesareincludedin The 3 months training program comprises of theory classes with hands-on practical sessions and research in thisspecificdomain. techniques tolaboratorypersonnelwithagoodlevelofanalyticalknowledge,butnoorlittleexpertise of marine biology/fisheries/aquaculture. The contents of this training course are intended to teach molecular research personnelalreadyemployedinfisheriesInstitutes,UniversitiesandColleges,butworkingthearea applying molecularmethodologies.Theemphasisofthistrainingprogramistoenhancethecapabilities At present,mostlytraditionalmethodsarebeingusedinthefisheriessectorandonlyafewresearchers with worldwideregulatoryactsinthefieldofbiotechnology. and aquaculture,tohelpthemadaptsuchfacilitiesworkprogramsincludeanalysesthatcomply development oftrainedhumanresourceforapplicationmoleculartoolstoresearchproblemsinfisheries Molecular BiologyandBiotechnologyforFisheriesProfessionals”.Thescopeofthistrainingistopromote of Indiaorganizedaseriestrainingprogramsentitled“DBTsponsoredThreeMonthsNationalTraining in within the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) and Department of Biotechnology of Government Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (CMFRI), Kochi along with CIFE, Mumbai and CIFA, Bhubaneswar Foreword Dr. Gopalakrishnan A. Director, CMFRI 3 Training manual in Molecular Biology and Biotechnology for Fisheries Professionals 4 Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute V. SrinivasaRaghavan Selection Marker Assisted V. SrinivasaRaghavan Genetics Quantitative P. C.Thomas Polymerase Chain various and Reaction its modifications M. P. Paulton Principles ofIsolation, Purification Analysisand of Nucleic Acids M. P. Paulton Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) Molecular Biology M. P. Prabhakaran Diversity Seagrass P. Kaladharan Biotechnology Marine and Seaweeds N. NandiniMenon –TaxonomyBryozoa and Diversity Geetha Sasikumar, V. Venkatesan andK.S.Mohamed Diversity Molluscan S. LakshmiPillaiandG.Maheswarudu Diversity Crustacean Rekha J.NairandS.DineshKumar Overview oftheAn Fish ofIndian Diversity Waters K. MadhuandRema to Marine Aquariculture Introduction G. Gopakumar Mariculture to Introduction K. Joshi Biodiversity Marine to Introduction Marine Biology Contents

������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������

������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������

��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 104 109 129 135 116 113 99 67 29 35 92 76 21 11 Reynold Peter and Molecular CloningRecombinant technology DNA Sajeela K. A. in PopulationMolecular markers Genetics C. P. Suja Invertebrates Culture–Marine Tissue V. SrinivasaRaghavan Methods for examination ofCell Culture T. SwaminathanandV. Raja S.Basheer vitro In Vidya Jayasankar General Methods ofTissue Culture Sandhya Sukumaran,N.S.Jeena,ReynoldPeter andWilson Sebastian Packages used in PopulationSoftware Genetics Sandhya Sukumaran sequencing RAD and Sequencing Generation Next Sandhya Sukumaran Fishes of Genomics Population M. P. Paulton Genomics Functional Pradeep,S.R.KrupeshaSharmaandEshaArshad M. A. The science of‘omics’ –Genomics, Proteomics and Metabolomics Sandhya Sukumaran Molecular Systematics M. P. Paulton Aquaculture and Management Environment in Guardians Molecular as Genes PradeepandEshaArshad M. A. techniques chromatographic different by purification and Isolation Protein N. S.Jeena overviewAn ofthe basic concepts and principles ofPopulation Genetics Reynold Peter Molecular Taxonomy KumarandN.S.Nagpure Basdeo Kushwaha,Ravindra fishes in applications its and Cytogenetics V. Gopalakrishnan S.BasheerandA. Conservation and Aquaculture in Application its and fish of spermatozoa Cryopreservation Culture ofFinfish Cells – PrincipleApplications its and ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������

��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������

������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������

��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ������������������������������������������������������������������������

�������������������������������������������������������� . �������������������������������������������������� �������������������������������������������� ������������� 206 233 220 202 228 144 148 160 190 180 224 198 167 193 155 170 213 174 5 Training manual in Molecular Biology and Biotechnology for Fisheries Professionals 6 Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute Kajal Chakraborty Kajal to Marine Bio-prospecting Introduction Chakraborty Kajal Methodologies Biochemical General Chakraborty Kajal Hazards and Safety Laboratory- Marine Chemistry Anusree V. Nair Polyphasic Taxonomy as aConsensus Methodology Identification for Bacterial T. G.Sumithra Immunization ofFish: ATool for Aquaculture Health Management T. G.Sumithra Antibiotic Susceptibility Test -Applications in Fisheries Science K. Pani Prasad Hybridoma Technology Use and in its Disease Diagnosis and Therapy K. J.Reshma Techniques Immunological Fish N.K. Sanil Microscopy Electron N.K. Sanil Histopathology Pradeep S. R.KrupeshaSharmaandM.A. Techniques Staining Microbiological PradeepandN.K.Sanil S. R.KrupeshaSharma,M.A. Shellfish and Fish Marine of Diseases Viral PradeepandN.K.Sanil S. R.KrupeshaSharma,M.A. Shellfish and Fish Marine of Diseases Bacterial S. R.KrupeshaSharmaandN.K.Sanil Autopsy Procedure in Fish P. Rameshkumar Diseases in Fish Hatcheries K. V. Rajendran Aquaculture Techniques in Diagnostic Disease M. R.Gajendragad Surveillance Disease Livestock N. K.SanilandVijayan Management Fish Health Marine Microbiology ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ������������������������������������������������������������������������ ���������������������������������������������������������������� ������������������������������������������� 308 305 280 298 286 239 301 267 335 252 265 291 328 259 278 245 274 315 Kajal Chakraborty Kajal diseases and health in implications their and fish marine from acids Fatty Chakraborty Kajal diseases and health in implications their and fish marine from acids Amino Chakraborty Kajal minerals of Analysis spectroscopy: Atomic absorption D. LingaPrabuandS.Chandrasekar Calorimetry Bomb D. LingaPrabuandS.Chandrasekar Techniques Production Feed S. ChandrasekarandD.LingaPrabu Database and Ingredients Feed S. R.KrupeshaSharmaandP. Vijayagopal Pathology Nutritional D. LingaPrabuandS.Chandrasekar Broodstock Feeds and Nutrition J. SyamaDayal,K.AmbasankarandP. KumaraguruVasagam Shrimp Nutrition K. Ambasankar, J.SyamaDayal,K.P. KumaraguruVasagam andK.P. Sandeep Nutrient Requirement ofCultivable Brackishwater Fish and Aqua Processing Feed Techniques Nutrition Nair K. G.Ramachandran Applications their and Chitosan Chitin, I. Rajendran Bioassays –Types and Evaluation Chakraborty Kajal Spectroscopy and Chromatography Bioprospecting: in Methods Instrumental andP.I. Rajendran Vijayagopal General Methods ofIsolation Procedures and Separation Methods for Organic Compounds I. Rajendran Compounds Physical and Chemical Methods for Structural Elucidation and Identification of Organic I. Rajendran Classification of Organic Compounds with Reference to Natural Products andP.I. Rajendran Vijayagopal Marine Organisms –Treasure House ofValuable and their Products Chemical Perspectives Chakraborty Kajal ofMarine OrganismsImportance for ProspectingBio-molecules ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ ����������������������������������������������������������������������������� �������������������������������������������������������� ������������������������������������������������������ ��������������������������������������������������� ���������������������������������������������� ��������������� ������������ ������� 409 443 403 396 366 438 441 392 353 432 341 375 361 421 424 371 451 416 7 Training manual in Molecular Biology and Biotechnology for Fisheries Professionals 8 Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute Author Index Author Antibodies of Production Visualization of DNA in Polyacrylamide gels using silver staining Separation ofDNA in Polyacrylamide Gels (Tricine–SDS-PAGE) Electrophoresis Tricine–SDS Gel Poly Acrylamide (SDS PAGE) electrophoresis gel Sulphate-Polyacrylamide Dodecyl Sodium Ligation digestion Enzyme Restriction Minipreparation ofPlasmid DNA by Alkaline Lysis with SDS Cloning ofthe PCR amplified products Transformation ofcompetent Preparation ofcompetent Electrophoresis Gel Agarose Reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) strand for cDNA synthesis First Isolation by RNA oftotal modified guanidine thiocyanate method IsolationRNA Protocol –Using TRIZOL Polymerase Chain (PCR) Reaction Isolation ofDNA animal from tissue using Kits Isolation ofDNA animal from tissue using salting procedure out Isolation acid Nucleic Basic Tools in the Biotechnology Laboratory Protocols C. P. BalasubramanianandK.Vijayan shrimpspenaeid Reproductive endocrinology in Aquaculture with special reference to captive maturation of S. ChandrasekarandD.LingaPrabu Nutrigenomics ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������

������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� E coli . ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� E coli coli . cells ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ Cells ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������

������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� ���������������������������������������������������������������������������� ���������������������������������������������������������������������������

����������������������������������������������������������������������� ����������������������������������������������������������������������� ������������������������������������������������������������������ ������������������������������������������������������� 460 489 482 504 509 485 487 494 481 496 503 498 495 501 492 457 477 479 473 514 515 513 511 from the islands, at least 300 species belong to the from theislands,atleast300 speciesbelongtothe fishes belongingto126families thatarereported Laccadive archipelago.Ofthe 603speciesofmarine Kumaran (1980)recorded603species offishfromthe 86 newgeneraand200species tothelist.Jonesand and freshwaterfishesin1868.Later, Alcockadded 351 generaand1418speciesofmarine,brackishwater systematics ofIndianfishes forover20 years and listed from 1785 to 1789 AD. Sir Francis Day studied the the first systematic study of the Indian fish fauna in the River Ganges as early as 1785. Russell made then. Therewereevidencestoindicateover-fishing several evidencesoffishcaptureandculturesince Thereare grown inreservoirsasearly320BC. have beenparallel.Therearereportsthatfisheswere it is believed that the development of fishing must of aspeciesnowextinctgiantcatfish.InIndiatoo, these harpoonswerefoundassociatedwiththebones Congo, anddatingabout90,000years.Interestingly, far identifiedareharpoons,foundintheterritoryof tools andweapons.Theoldest fishing implements so the collectionofplantsandanimalstohuntingbyusing developed gradually, whenourancestorsmovedfrom Fishing isoneoftheoldesthumanactivitiesandit 1440 (65.45%)tothemarineecosystem. domain, 143(6.50%)tothebrackishwatersand regime, 544(24.73%)tothewarmfreshwaters far listed,73(3.32%)belongtothecoldfreshwater found inIndianwaters.Outofthe2200speciesso recorded intheworld;ofwhich,about11%are science. About22000speciesoffisheshavebeen new fishspeciescontinue tobe‘discovered’by worldwide, andinfreshwaterenvironmentsmany multitude ofdiversemarineaquaticecosystems There are 20,000-30,000 species of fish in a e-mail: [email protected] Demersal FisheriesDivision,CMFRI,Kochi Principal Scientist Rekha J.Nair*andS.DineshKumar Fish DiversityofIndianWaters ofthe An Overview Fish biodiversity from theAndamanandNicobarislands. org). Rao(2009)recorded1371speciesin77families species areknowntooccurinIndia(www. fishbase. 24,000 speciesoffinfishesintheworld,about2364 ornamental fishcategory. Atpresent,oftherecorded • • • • Important charactersoftheclassare infraclasses Holosteiand Teleostei. in turn,havebeendividedintothe subclasses actinopterygians have been divided into the the over30,000speciesoffish.Traditionally class of vertebrates,comprisingnearly99% Numerically, actinopterygiansarethedominant finned fishes Class Actinoptergyii-theray Classification andDiversity and 30orders. 2,415 speciesbelongingto902genera,226families region. TheIndianOsteichthyesarerepresentedby 67 genera,28familiesand10OrdersintheIndian Chondrichthyes arerepresentedby131speciesunder viz., ChondrichthyesandOsteichthyes.The The Indianfishfaunaisdividedintotwoclasses, Interopercle and branchiostegal rays usually present complex exceptinPolypteriformes Pectoral radialsattachedtothescapula-coracoid Spiracles usuallyabsent Scales ganoid,cycloid,orctenoid Chondrostei and Neopterygii. Neopterygii, 35 Training manual in Molecular Biology and Biotechnology for Fisheries Professionals 36 Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute or plankton. the fish(onsurfaceof water),suchasinsects which isdesignedtofeedon preythatswimsabove Superior: Thiskindoffishhasscoop-like mouth water columnofoceansorlakes. most ofthefishesinhabitingmiddlelevels mouth positionisthe“normal”offor or feedonwhatisseeninfrontofthem.Theterminal fish are mostly predators who either chasetheirfood a mouthinthemiddle,orcenterofhead.These Terminal: Fishwithaterminalmouthpositionhave Different mouthpatternsarenoticedinfish.They Mouth in thepartsoffish. Though teleostsareagroupwidevariationisnoticed of allthevertebrates Teleost are the most species rich and diversified group Infraclass teleostei 5 3 1 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. Protrusible Inferior Superior Sub Terminal Terminal 4 2 caniniform, incisiformandmolariform. fish basedontheirstructure-cardiform,villiform, Generally, fivetypes of teetharerecognisedin These serveasaveryimportanttaxonomiccharacter. Teeth has protrusiblemouth. Fishes whichfeedsonsmallinvertebratesinhidings a funnel-likespacefacilitatingtheuptakeoffood. protruded, thecavityofmouthisenlargedtoform the animaltoextendmouthatwill.Whenfully is astructuralarrangementofthejawsthatenables Protrusible: Protrusibleorprotractilemouthinfish on algae,molluscsorbottomdwellinginvertebrates. fishes headthatareadaptedforscavengingorgrazing or sub-terminal mouths. Mouths located under the Inferior: Bottom feeding fish generally have inferior the appearanceofvelvetor fine bristlesofabrush. they areverylong,slender andcrowdedhaving Villiform teeth:teethareelongated teeth generally foundinbottomdwelling fish. adapted forcrushingandgrindingshellfish.Theyare Molar teeth:Theseareblunt,rounded,broadtooth with chisellikeorsawedges. come invarietyofshapes.Theseareflattenedtooth Incisor teeth:Incisorsareusedforcuttingandthey examples offisheswithcanineteeth. used totearofffleshfromtheprey. Sharksarebest and holdpreyintheirsharpteeth.Theteetharealso seen inpredatoryfisheswhicharetoattack Canine teeth:Theyaresharp,highlypointedteeth encountered inthefishesseentropicalwaters. Teeth types:The followingteethpatternsare Dental plates:Teeth fusedtoformbeaklikeplates. stabbing anddirection. They aremorecommonondeepseefishesusedfor of bonyfishhavecycloidorctenoidscales. called ctenii,givingthemaroughertexture.Themajority those ofctenoidscaleshavetinyteeth-likeprotrusions of scales.Whiletheedgescycloidscalesaresmooth, This meansthattheyaremoreflexiblethantheothertypes carbonate, ratherthanbone,andbothareoverlapping. positioning. Botharecomposedofcollagenandcalcium have differentshapesbutthesamecompositionand Cycloid andCtenoidScales: Cycloid and ctenoid scales on sturgeons,bowfish,paddlefishesandgars. socket jointsthatarticulate.Ganoidscalesarefound interconnected. Betweenganoidscalesarepeg-and- ganoine andthattheyarediamond-shaped outer layerismade of aninorganicbonesaltcalled cosmoid scales.However, theydifferinthattheir similar tothatofcosmoidscales.andaremodified Ganoid Scales: scales haveabony base layer Lungfishes andcoelacanthshavecosmoidscales. from boneandnewisaddedasthefishgrows. composed ofvitrodentine.Thebaseplatesaremade scales havetwobaseplatesandsimilarexternalspines placoid scales fusing together. This is because cosmoid Cosmoid Scales:scaleshaveevolvedfrom and raysareexamplesoffishwithplacoidscales. However, almost all give the fish a rough texture. Sharks of thespinescanvarygreatlydependingonspecies. enamel-like substancecalledvitrodentine.Theshape fish's vascularsystem,whiletheoutsideismadeofan of thescaleisapulpthatreceivesbloodfrom of thefishandsomespineexternally. Theinterior rectangular baseplatethatisembeddedwithintheskin Placoid Scales: scales areformed of a their owncharacteristicsandvariations. There arefourdifferenttypesoffishscale,eachwith caudal peduncleandisused forpropulsion.Types of The caudalfinisthetailfin, locatedattheendof Caudal Fintypes Rhomboid: endinginrhomboidshape. Rounded: endinginroundshape Truncate: endinginverticaledge into two Deeply forked:with the caudal fin deeply cut Forked: endingintwoprolongededges Lunate: endingincrescentshape Emarginate: endinginaslightinwardcurve patterns, thefollowingsubpatternsarenoticed. are homocercal tailed fishes. In homocercal tail appears superficiallysymmetric.Mostmodernfishes distance intotheupperlobeoffin,butfin Homocercal: thevertebraeextendforaveryshort lobe ofthetail,makingitlonger. Eg.,sharks. Heterocercal: thevertebraeextendintoupper caudal finencounteredinthepresentstudyare was described.Johnson etal. (2011) reportsthat caudal finandmanyother primitivecharacters comprising asinglegenusand species,withaseparate In August2011,anewfamily, the Protoanguillidae, commercial fisheries. food fishand formthebasisofveryimportant eels andwormeels).Somespecies areexcellent Muraenidae (MorayEels)andOphichthidae(snake one ofthreefamiliesCongridae(Congereels), Most trueeelsarepredatorsandbelongto skin. Allhaveleptocephaluslarvae. absent, orif present, are cycloid and embedded in some groupslackpectoralfins.Scalesareusually most species.Allspecieslackfinsandskeletonwhile that arecontinuouswiththecaudalfin(ifpresent) in elongate andslender, with singledorsalandanalfins families andabout820species.Speciesare usually The OrderAnguilliformes,ortrueeels,contains20 Order: Anguilliformes(Apodes) Froese andPauly (2006) The list presented is tentative and adopted from Pointed: trailingtoafinalpoint. curves andacentralpoint. Notched ordoubleemarginate:withtwoinward 37 Training manual in Molecular Biology and Biotechnology for Fisheries Professionals 38 Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute • • • • • • • Species recordedfromIndia Subfamily Congrinaewithabout25genera. and Paraconger. Ariosoma, Bathymyrus,Chiloconger, Parabathymyrus Subfamily Bathymyrinaewithabout5genera- genera-Gorgasia andHeteroconger Subfamily Heterocongrinae(GardenEels)with2 species; 11speciesrecordedfromIndianwaters. Three subfamilieswith32generaandroughly160 on crustaceansandsmallfishdonotmigratetobreed. Body elongate,lackscales,possess pectoralfins.Thesefeed eels) Family Congridae (Congerandgarden • reported fromIndia genus, Body stubby, snout blunt, pectoralfinspresent.One Family Colocongridae(ShorttailEels) • • 2 specieshasbeenreported. body elongate,onegenuswith15species.InIndia, to breedoffshoreinthedeepwater(catadromous); Members inthisfamilyundertakelongmigrations Family Anguillidae(Freshwater eels) order Anguilliformes species is the most primitive living member of the based onmorphologicalandmoleculardatathis Xenomystax trucidans Uroconger lepturus-Slenderconger Promyllantor purpureus Gorgasia maculata-Whitespotted gardeneel Conger cinereus-LongfinAfricanconger Bathymyrus echinorhynchus Ariosoma anago Coloconger raniceps-Froghead eel shortfin eel Anguilla bicolor-Shortfineel,Indonesian eel, Indianmottledeel Anguilla bengalensis bengalensis-Indian longfin Coloconger withabout5 species; one species

Four genera, base. Teeth welldeveloped;conspicuouslateralline dorsal finoriginoverorslightlybeforethepectoral Elongated bodywithlargeeyes,coveredskin; Family Muraenesocidae(Pikecongers) • • • • Species recordedfromIndia tip oftail.Scalesabsent,eyessmallcoveredwithskin. moderately orveryelongate,cylindricalexceptnear Small eelswithamaximumsizeof50cm.Body Family Moringuidae(Worm orspaghettieels) • Species recordedfromIndia and Smaller sizedeelslikeGymnothoraxarereportedto Efficient predatorsonreefsandrockyshores. Family Muraenidae (Morayeels) • • • • Species recordedfromIndia recorded worldwide. Four species recorded from India. and Gymnomuraena, Gymnothorax, Siderea,Strophidon 11 genera,Echidna,Enchelycore,Enchelynassa, Uropterygius Anarchias, Channomuraena, Scuticaria sub familyUropterygiinaewithfourgenera Family Muraenidaeisdividedinto2subfamilies- worldwide; 35speciessaidtooccurinIndia. About 15generawithabout185speciesreported mainly planteatersfeedingonaparticularalgae. to beduetheeelsfeedingonaciguatoxicfish be involvedinciguaterafishpoisoning.Thisissaid Moringua microchir-Lesserthrusheel Moringua javanica-Javaspaghettieel Moringua bicolor-Bicolorspaghettieel Moringua abbreviata Anarchias allardicei-Allardice'smoray Muraenesox cinereus-Dagger-tooth pikeconger Congresox talabonoides-Indianpikeconger Congresox talabon-Yellow pikeconger Muraenesox bagio-Commonpikeconger, pikeeel Thyrsoidae Sauromuraenesox withabouteightspecies Congresox, Cynoponticus, Muraenesox and subfamilyMuraeninaewithabout and

Body elongatewithslendertail whichisregenerated Family Nettastomatidae (Duckbilleels) • Species recordedfromIndia Labicthys, Nemichthyswithaboutninespecies eyes. ThreegenerareportedinthefamilyAvocettina, extremely long,upperandlowerjawslarge occupy depthsof300-600m.Bodyelongatewith Snipe eelsarefoundineveryoceanandgenerally Family Nemichthyidae(Snipeeels) • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Nemichthys scolopaceus-Slendersnipe-eel Uropterygius marmoratus-Marbledreef-eel Uropterygius macrocephalus-Needle-toothmoray Uropterygius concolor-Unicolorsnakemoray giant moray Strophidon sathete-Gangetic moray, slender Scuticaria tigrina (native)Tigerreef-eel Gymnothorax undulatus-Undulatedmoray Gymnothorax tile-Freshwater moray Gymnothorax thyrsoideus-Greyfacemoray Gymnothorax rueppellii-Bandedmoray Gymnothorax richardsonii-Richardson'smoray Gymnothorax reticularis Gymnothorax punctatus Gymnothorax punctatofasciatus Gymnothorax pseudothyrsoideus-Highfinmoray Gymnothorax pictus-Peppered moray Gymnothorax monostigma-One-spotmoray Gymnothorax monochrous-Drabmoray Gymnothorax meleagris-Turkey moray Gymnothorax javanicus-Giantmoray Gymnothorax hepaticus-Liver-colored morayeel Gymnothorax flavimarginatus Gymnothorax fimbriatus-Fimbriatedmoray Gymnothorax favagineus-Lacedmoray Gymnothorax enigmaticus-Enigmaticmoray Gymnothorax buroensis-Vagrant moray Gymnomuraena zebra-Zebramoray Enchelynassa canina-Viper moray Echidna polyzona-Barredmoray Echidna nebulosa-Snowflakemoray Echidna leucotaenia-Whiteface moray Echidna delicatula-Mottledmoray Anarchias cantonensis-CantonIslandmoray -Red Sea whitespotted moray -Yellow-edged moray -Bars'n spots moray Benthenchelys, Ahlia,Asarcenchelys,Glenoglossa, subfamily Myrophinae(wormeels)with11genera, are their prey of crustaceans and small fish, but some bottom dwellers,hidinginmudorsandtocapture depths ofabove750 of habitats, from coastal shallows, and even rivers, to warm temperatewaters. Theyinhabitawiderange Ophichthids arefoundworldwidein tropicalto Family Ophichthidae(Snakeeels) • Species recordedfromIndia 38 species. Nettenchelys, Saurenchelys and by sixgenera,Facciolella,Hoplunnis,Nettastoma, when broken.Mouthlarge.Family represented The orderhassixfamiliesin 2 suborders- Order Atheriniformes • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Species recordedfromIndia Subfamily Ophichthinae(Snakeeels)with41genera Pseudomyrophis, SchismorhychusandSchultzidia Mixomyrophis, Muraenichthys,Myrophis,Neenchelys, Nettenchelys taylori Xestochilus nebulosus-Nebuloussnakeeel Skythrenchelys zabra-Angrywormeel Scolecenchelys macroptera-Slendersnakeeel Pisodonophis cancrivorus-Longfinsnake-eel Pisodonophis boro-Rice-paddyeel Ophichthus cephalozona-Dark-shoulderedsnakeeel Ophichthus apicalis-Bluntnosesnake-eel Ophichthus altipennis-Highfinsnakeeel Neenchelys buitendijki-Fintailserpenteel Myrichthys colubrinus-Harlequinsnakeeel Muraenichthys schultzei-Maimedsnakeeel Leiuranus semicinctus-Saddledsnakeeel Lamnostoma polyophthalma-Ocellatedsand-eel Oriental sand-eel Lamnostoma orientalis-Orientalworm-eel, Callechelys catostoma-Black-stripedsnakeeel Caecula pterygera-Finnysnake-eel Bascanichthys longipinnis eel Bascanichthys deraniyagalai pelagic. The family is supported by two subfamilies- m (2,460 ft).Most species are -Indian longtailed sand- Venefica , with about 39 Training manual in Molecular Biology and Biotechnology for Fisheries Professionals 40 Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute lensless spaceanteriorly. Ahermaphroditic species. Large eyewithteardrop-shaped pupilanddistinctive Family Chlorophthalmidae- from India) One speciesBathysauroidesgigas(notreported Family Bathysauroididae- includes 5families Suborder Chlorophthalmoidei Order Aulopiformes recorded worldwide. Seventeen generawith113species blue eyes Family Melanotaeniidae- • • • • • Species recordedfromIndia confined tofreshwater. circumglobal in distribution. A few species are strictly and euryhaline(livinginvariedsalinities)fishesthatis The Atherinidae is a large family of principally marine Family Atherinidae- Family Notocheiridae- Suborder Atherinoidei 11 genera and about 108 species in two subfamilies Family Atherinopsidae- Suborder Atherinopsoidei • Species recordedfromIndia Hypoatherina valenciennei-Sumatransilverside Hypoatherina barnesi-Barnes'silverside hardyhead silverside Atherinomorus pinguis-Narrow-banded Atherinomorus lacunosus-Hardyheadsilverside Atherinomorus duodecimalis-Tropical silverside Iso natalensis-Surfsprite Silversides Surf sardines new worldsilversides rainbow fishesand Bathysauroidids Greeneyes • • Species recordedfromIndia Bathymicrops, The family Ipnopidae includes five genera Family Ipnopidae- • • • Species recordedfromIndia 1998). Eyesminuteorplatelike,directeddorsally. between 476and6000m(McEachran&Fechhelm demersally intropicalandtemperateseas,atdepths deep-sea fishes(Nelson, 2006) distributed worldwide Discoverichthys andIpnops29speciesofslender • • • • • • • Species recordedfromIndia about 37species Two genera,SynodusandTrachinocephalus with Subfamily Synodontinae(LizardFishes) Harpadon, Saurida, In India22specieshavebeenreportedinthreegenera- been recorded. Worldwide, fourgenerawith about57specieshave of lizards. Theyhaveadioeciousmodereproduction. body and head that superficially resemble those These are generally small with a slender cylindrical Family Synodontidae- recorded fromIndianwaters. One genesParaulopus,with10species;nospecies Family Paraulopidae- Chlorophthalmus bicornis-Spinyjawgreeneye Chlorophthalmus agassizi-Shortnosegreeneye Bathypterois insularum Bathypterois guentheri-Tribute spiderfish Bathypterois atricolor-Attenuatedspiderfish Trachinocephalus myops Synodus variegatus-Variegated lizardfish Synodus macrops-Triplecross lizardfish Synodus macrocephalus Synodus jaculum-Lighthouselizardfish Synodus indicus-Indianlizardfish Synodus englemani-Engleman'slizardfish Bathypterois, Bathytyphlops, Trachinocephalus andSynodus Deepsea tripodfishes Cucumber Fishes Lizardfishes teeth. Two genera,Alepisaurus andOmosudisreported Slender elongatedbodywitha largemouthandstrong Family Alepisauridae(Lancetfishes) Odontostomps withsevenspecies Three genera,Coccorella,Evermannellaand Fishes) Family Evermannellidae (Sabertooth Rosenblattichthys, ScopelarchoidesandScopelarchus Pearleyes with four genera, Family Scopelarchidae Parenchodus, Rharbichthys,Saurorhamphus fivegeneraEnchodus, With Family Enchodontidae one genusCimolichthys Family Cimolichthyidae Lizardfishes) Family Pseudotrichonotidae (Sandiving Two generaAulopusandHime Family Aulopidae(Flagfins) • • • • • • • • • Species recordedfromIndia Two generaHarpadonandSaurida,withabout20species Bombay Ducks Subfamily Harpadontinae- (2015), onlyonegenusAlepisaurus hasbeenrecorded. worldwide (Nelson2006).However asperEschmeyer Saurida wanieso-Wanieso lizardfish Saurida undosquamis-Brushtoothlizardfish Saurida tumbil-Greaterlizardfish Saurida nebulosa-Cloudedlizardfish Saurida micropectoralis-Shortfinlizardfish Saurida longimanus-Longfinlizardfish Saurida isarankurai-Shortjawsaury Saurida gracilis-Gracilelizardfish Harpadon nehereus-Bombayduck Eurypholis, Palaeolycus, Benthalbella, • • • Species recordedfromIndia Family Adrianichthyidae(Ricefishes) Order Beloniformes • • Species recordedfromIndia Family Batrachoididae (Toadfishes) Order Batrachoidiformes • Species recordedfromIndia • • • • • • • • Species recordedfromIndia 5 generaarerecordedfromIndiawith9species the femaleonwavesastheymate. through mating and lay eggs. The male usually rides once the beak fully develops. Needlefish reproduce their lifecycle, theyeat plankton,switchingtofish but amuchsmallerupperone.Duringthisstageof half-beak appearance,withanelongatedlowerjaw, its full length in adulthood, so the juveniles have a fishes. In most species, the upper jaw only reaches are voraciouspredatorsandfeedmostlyonsmall very longjawsfilledwithsharpteeth.They Needlefishes haveslender, stream-linedbodies,and Family Belonidae (Needlefishes) Oryzias dancena Oryzias carnaticus Malabar ricefish Horaichthys setnai-Thready top-minnow, Austrobatrachus dussumieri (native)Flattoadfish Grunting toadfish Allenbatrachus grunniens Alepisaurus ferox-Longnoselancetfish Xenentodon cancila-Freshwater garfish Tylosurus crocodilus Tylosurus acusmelanotus-Keel-jawed needlefish Strongylura strongylura-Spottailneedlefish Strongylura leiura-Bandedneedlefish Strongylura incisa-Reefneedlefish Platybelone argalusplatyura-Keeled needlefish Ablennes hians-Flatneedlefish -Houndfish, Crocodile needlefish (native) Frog fish, 41 Training manual in Molecular Biology and Biotechnology for Fisheries Professionals 42 Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute • • • • • • • • • • • Species recordedfromIndia in Indianwatersby17species7genera. triangular upperjaw. Spinesabsentinfins.Represented Elongate fisheswithaprolongedlowerjawandshort Family Hemiramphidae (Halfbeaks) • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Species recordedfromIndia waters by18speciesin6genera. 8 genera has beenreported. Represented in Indian blunt. Worldwide, fivesubfamilieswith52speciesin flattened ventrallyinsomespecies.Headshort.Snout Elongate bodied fishes with cylindrical shape, Family Exocoetidae (Flyingfishes) Hyporhamphus sindensis -Sindhalfbeak Hyporhamphus dussumieri -Dussumier'shalfbeak Hyporhamphus balinensis -Balinesegarfish Hyporhamphus affinis -Tropical halfbeak Hemiramphus lutkei -Lutke'shalfbeak Hemiramphus far-Blackbarredhalfbeak Hemiramphus archipelagicus-Jumpinghalfbeak Euleptorhamphus viridis-Ribbonhalfbeak Wrestling halfbeak Dermogenys pusilla Dermogenys brachynotopterus -Gangetic halfbeak Prognichthys brevipinnis-Shortfinflyingfish Parexocoetus mento-Africansailfinflyingfish Parexocoetus brachypterus-Sailfinflyingfish Hirundichthys speculiger-Mirrorwingflyingfish Hirundichthys oxycephalus-Bonyflyingfish Coromandel flyingfish Hirundichthys coromandelensis- Exocoetus volitans-Tropical two-wingflyingfish Exocoetus monocirrhus-Barbelflyingfish Cypselurus oligolepis-Largescaleflyingfish Cypselurus naresii-Pharaoflyingfish Cheilopogon suttoni-Sutton'sflyingfish Cheilopogon spilopterus-Manyspottedflyingfish Cheilopogon nigricans-Africanflyingfish Cheilopogon intermedius Cheilopogon furcatus-Spotfinflyingfish Cheilopogon cyanopterus-Marginedflyingfish Cheilopogon abei-Abe'sflyingfish Hyporhamphus quoyi-Quoy'sgarfish Hyporhamphus limbatus-Congaturihalfbeak, -Freshwater halfbeak, • • in Indianwaters. species. Allspeciesaremarine.Four familiesrepresented The Orderhas7familieswith29generaand144 Order Beryciformes • • • • • • • • • • Species recordedfromIndia 18 speciesin4generahavebeenrecorded. genera with78specieshasbeenreported.InIndia, been studiedinsomespeciesonly. Worldwide, eight whose callsandsound-producingmechanismshave (squirrelfish and soldierfish) are vocal reef fishes soft rayedportiondividedbyanotch.Holocentrids Species withalongdorsalfinspinyportionand soldierfishes) Family Holocentridae (Squirrelfishes, • • • Species recordedfromIndia genera withabout9species. in lengthfromfirsttolast,and12-20softrays. 2 Dorsal finwithoutnotch,with4-7spinesincreasing Family Berycidae (Alfonsinos) • • • • Hyporhamphus unicuspis -Simpletoothhalfbeak Zenarchopterus buffonis-Buffon'sriver-garfish Rhynchorhamphus georgii -Longbilledhalfbeak micropterus -Bigwing halfbeak Oxyporhamphus micropterus Neoniphon argenteus-Clearfinsquirrelfish Myripristis murdjan-Pineconesoldierfish Myripristis hexagona-Doubletoothsoldierfish Myripristis botche-Blacktipsoldierfish Myripristis adusta-Shadowfinsoldierfish Centroberyx rubricaudus-Redalfonsino Beryx splendens-Splendidalfonsino Beryx decadactylus-Alfonsino Zenarchopterus striga -Hooghlyhalfbeak Zenarchopterus pappenheimi -Bangkokhalfbeak Zenarchopterus gilli -Viviparous halfbeak Zenarchopterus ectuntio -Ectuntiohalfbeak Feathered river-garfish Zenarchopterus dispar -Viviparous halfbeak, Rhynchorhamphus malabaricus Hyporhamphus xanthopterus -Red-tippedhalfbeak -Malabar halfbeak • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Family Carcharhinidae (Requiem sharks) Order Carcharhiniformes • Species recordedfromIndia one genushasbeenrecorded. with fourspeciesrecorded.InIndia,onein one ofwhichis monotypic.Worlwide twogenera The familycontainsjustfour speciesintwogenera, Family Monocentridae (Pinecone fishes) • • • • • • • • Rhizoprionodon oligolinx-Greydogshark Rhizoprionodon acutus-Milkshark Prionace glauca-Blueshark Negaprion acutidens-Sicklefinlemonshark Loxodon macrorhinus-Sliteyeshark Lamiopsis temminckii-Broadfinshark Galeocerdo cuvier-Tiger shark Carcharhinus sorrah-Sorrah,Spottailshark Carcharhinus sealei-Blackspotshark Carcharhinus melanopterus-Blacktipreefshark Carcharhinus macloti-Maclot'sshark Carcharhinus longimanus-Oceanicwhitetipshark Carcharhinus limbatus-Blacktipshark Carcharhinus leucas-Bullshark Carcharhinus hemiodon-Pondicherry shark Carcharhinus falciformis-Blackspotshark,Silkyshark Sargocentron punctatissimum-Speckledsquirrelfish Sargocentron microstoma-Smallmouthsquirrelfish Sargocentron caudimaculatum Ostichthys japonicus-Brocadeperch Ostichthys acanthorhinus Neoniphon sammara-Sammarasquirrelfish Neoniphon opercularis-Blackfinsquirrelfish Carcharhinus dussumieri-Whitecheek shark Carcharhinus brevipinna-Spinnershark Carcharhinus amboinensis-Pigeyeshark Carcharhinus amblyrhynchoides-Gracefulshark Carcharhinus altimus-Bignoseshark Monocentris japonica -Japanesepineconefish Sargocentron violaceum-Violet squirrelfish Sargocentron spiniferum-Sabresquirrelfish Sargocentron rubrum-Redcoat Sargocentron praslin-Dark-stripedsquirrelfish Sargocentron ittodai-Samuraisquirrelfish Sargocentron diadema-Crownsquirrelfish -Silverspot squirrelfish • • • • • • • Family Scyliorhinidae(Catsharks) • Family Proscylliidae(Finbackcatsharks) • • Family Hemigaleidae(Weasel sharks) Species recordedfromIndia Family Chirocentridae(Wolf herring) 216 speciesin66genera. in one genus and the Clupeidae with five subfamilies with 37 speciesin9genera,theChirocentridaewith2 16 genera,thePristigasteridaewithtwosubfamiliesand the Engraulidaewithtwosubfamilies139speciesin Nelson (2006),dividedtheClupeoideiintofourfamilies: herrings andtheirrelatives.Thecurrentclassificationby anchovies, herrings,sardines,shads,gizzardwolf fish mealforanimalfeeds.TheorderClupeiformesinclude fishes in many countriesandserving asa chief source of commercial fishes in the world, being important food Herrings arecertainlyamongthemostvaluable Order Clupeiformes • • Family Triakidae (Houndsharks) • • • • sharks) Family Sphyrnidae (Hammerhead Triaenodon obesus-Whitetip reefshark Scoliodon laticaudus-Spadenoseshark Halaelurus quagga-Quaggacatshark Halaelurus hispidus-Bristlycatshark Cephaloscyllium silasi-Indianswellshark Coral catshark Atelomycterus marmoratus-Marbledcatshark, Apristurus investigatoris-Broadnosecatshark Eridacnis radcliffei-Pygmyribbontailcatshark Snaggletooth shark Hemipristis elongata-Elliot'sgreyshark, Chaenogaleus macrostoma-Hooktoothshark Mustelus mosis-Arabiansmooth-hound Iago omanensis-Bigeyehoundshark Sphyrna zygaena-Round-headedhammerhead Sphyrna mokarran-Greathammerhead Sphyrna lewini-Scallopedhammerhead Eusphyra blochii-Winghead shark 43 Training manual in Molecular Biology and Biotechnology for Fisheries Professionals 44 Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute • • Species recordedfromIndia genus withtwospeciesarereported. Though two genera are recorded worldwide, one Family Dussumieriidae (Roundherring) • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Species recordedfromIndia The familyconsistsover31speciesin16genera. sardines) Family Clupeidae(Herring,shadsand • • Dussumieria elopsoides-Slenderrainbowsardine Dussumieria acuta-Rainbowsardine Tenualosa toli-Toli shad Tenualosa ilisha -Ilish Spratelloides gracilis -Silver-stripe roundherring Spratelloides delicatulus-Delicateroundherring Sardinella sindensis -Sindsardinella Sardinella melanura-Blacktipsardinella Sardinella longiceps -Indianoilsardine Sardinella jussieu -Mauritiansardinella Sardinella gibbosa -Goldstripesardinella Sardinella fimbriata -Fringescale sardinella Sardinella brachysoma-Deepbodysardinella Sardinella albella -White sardinella Opisthopterus tardoore -Tardoore gizzard shad Nematalosa nasus -Hairback,Bloch's Nematalosa galatheae-Galatheagizzardshad Hilsa kelee -Kelee shad quadrimaculatus -Bluestripe herring Herklotsichthys Gudusia chapra-Indianrivershad Gonialosa manmina -Gangesrivergizzardshad Escualosa thoracata -White sardine Ehirava fluviatilis-Malabarsprat Dayella malabarica -Day'sroundherring gizzard shad Anodontostoma chacunda -Chacunda Amblygaster sirm-Spottedsardinella Amblygaster leiogaster -Smooth-bellysardinella smoothbelly sardinella Amblygaster clupeoides-Bleeker Chirocentrus nudus-Whitefin wolf-herring Chirocentrus dorab-Dorabwolf-herring • • • • • • • • • Species recordedfromIndia from India. worldwide, five genera with 35 species are recorded Though 16generawith139speciesarerecorded like ashortpiglikesnoutinsomespecies. and areoverhungbytheupperjaw, whichprojects farther back,butareonthelowersideofhead, that theirmouthsaremuchlargerandgape are easilydistinguishablefromtheherringsbyfact The anchoviesaresmallherring-likefishes;butthey Family Engraulidae(Anchovies) • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Setipinna brevicepsShortheadhairfinanchovy Encrasicholina punctifer-Buccaneeranchovy Encrasicholina heteroloba-Shortheadanchovy Encrasicholina devisi-Devis'anchovy Coilia ramcarati-Ramcaratgrenadieranchovy Coilia neglecta-Neglectedgrenadieranchovy Coilia grayii-Gray'sgrenadieranchovy Coilia dussumieri-Goldspottedgrenadieranchovy Setipinna phasa Setipinna brevifilis (endemic)Short-hairfinanchovy Thryssa vitrirostris-Orangemouthanchovy Thryssa stenosoma-Slenderthryssa Thryssa spinidens-Bengalthryssa Thryssa setirostris-Longjawthryssa Thryssa purava-Oblique-jawthryssa Thryssa polybranchialis-Humpheadthryssa Thryssa mystax-Moustachedthryssa Thryssa malabarica-Malabarthryssa Thryssa kammalensoides-Godavarithryssa Thryssa hamiltonii-Hamilton'sthryssa Thryssa gautamiensis-Gautamathryssa Thryssa encrasicholoides-False baelamaanchovy Thryssa dussumieri-Dussumier'sthryssa Thryssa dayi-Day'sthryssa Thryssa baelama-Baelamaanchovy Stolephorus waitei-Spotty-face anchovy Stolephorus insularis-Hardenberg'sanchovy Stolephorus indicus-Indiananchovy Stolephorus dubiosus-Thai anchovy Stolephorus commersonnii-Commerson'sanchovy Stolephorus baganensis-Bagananchovy Stolephorus andhraensis-Andhraanchovy Setipinna tenuifilis-Commonhairfinanchovy Setipinna taty-Scalyhairfinanchovy (endemic) Gangetic hairfin anchovy Family Hexanchidae (Cowsharks) Order Hexanchiformes Chanos chanos (native)Milkfish Family Chanidae (Milkfish) • • • Family Pegasidae (Seamoths) Order Gasterosteiformes • • • • • • • • Family Macrouridae (Grenadiers orrattails) • Family Bregmacerotidae (Codlets) Order Gadiformes • • • • • • • • Family Pristigasteridae(Pristigasterids) • Family Megalopidae (Tarpons) • Family Elopidae (Tenpounders) Order Elopiformes Pegasus volitans (native)Longtailseamoth Pegasus laternarius (native) Eurypegasus draconis (native)Shortdragonfish Sphagemacrurus pumiliceps (native) Gadomus multifilis (native) Coryphaenoides woodmasoni (native) Coryphaenoides macrolophus (native) Coryphaenoides hextii (native) Caelorinchus parallelus (native)Spinygrenadier Caelorinchus flabellispinnis (native) Bathygadus furvescens (native) Bregmaceros mcclellandi (native)Spottedcodlet Pacific tarpon Megalops cyprinoides (native) Pellona ditchela-Indianpellona Pellona dayi-Day'spellona Ilisha striatula-Bandedilisha Ilisha melastoma-Indianilisha Ilisha megaloptera-Bigeyeilisha Ilisha kampeni-Kampen'silisha Ilisha filigera-Coromandelilisha Ilisha elongata-Elongateilisha Elops machnata (native)Ladyfish,tenpounder Oxeye tarpon,Indo- • • Family Odontaspididae (Sandtigers) • white shark) Family Lamnidae • • • Family Alopiidae (Threshersharks) Order Lamniformes • • • Family Lophiidae (Goosefishes) • Family Diceratiidae (Doubleanglers) • Family Chaunacidae (Seatoads) • • • • • • • Family Antennariidae (Frogfishes) Order Lophiiformes • Family Veliferidae (Velifers) • Family Lophotidae (Crestfishes) Order Lampriformes tiger, Indiansandtiger Carcharias tricuspidatus (native)Bluenursesand- Carcharias taurus (native),Sandtigershark Shortfin mako Isurus oxyrinchus (native) Shortfin shark, Alopias vulpinus (native)Thintailthresher Alopias superciliosus (native)Bigeyethresher Alopias pelagicus (native)Pelagic thresher sevengill shark Heptranchias perlo Lophiodes mutilus (native),Smoothangler Lophiodes gracilimanus (native) Diceratias bispinosus (native),Two-rod anglerfish Chaunax pictus (native),Pinkfrogmouth Histrio histrio (native),Sargassumfish Antennarius striatus (native),Striatedfrogfish Antennarius pictus (native),Painted frogfish Antennarius nummifer (native),Spotfinfrogfish Antennarius indicus (native),Indianfrogfish Antennarius hispidus (native),Shaggyangler Antennarius coccineus (native),Scarletfrogfish Velifer hypselopterus (native),Sailfinvelifer Eumecichthys fiski (native),Unicorncrestfish (Mackerel sharks or (native) Sharpnose 45 Training manual in Molecular Biology and Biotechnology for Fisheries Professionals 46 Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute • Family Carapidae (Pearlfishes) • Family Bythitidae (Viviparousbrotulas) Order Ophidiiformes • • • • Family Halosauridae (Halosaurs) Order Notacanthiformes • • • • • • • • • • Family Myctophidae (Lanternfishes) Order Myctophiformes • Family Oneirodidae (Dreamers) • • • • • Family Ogcocephalidae (Batfishes) • Carapus boraborensis (native),Pinheadpearlfish Dinematichthys iluocoeteoides Halosaurus parvipennis (native) halosaurid fish Aldrovandia phalacra (native),Hawaiian Aldrovandia mediorostris (native) Aldrovandia affinis (native),Gilbert'shalosauridfish lantern fish Symbolophorus evermanni (native),Evermann's Myctophum spinosum (native),Spinylanternfish Myctophum indicum (native) Golden lanternfish Myctophum aurolaternatum (native), lantern fish Myctophum affine lantern fish Hygophum reinhardtii (native),Reinhardt's Diaphus splendidus (native) Diaphus luetkeni (native) Benthosema petrotum Skinnycheeklanternfish Bolinichthys pyrsobolus (native) Lophodolos indicus (native) Halieutaea stellata (native),Starryhandfish Halieutaea indica (native),Indianhandfish Halieutaea coccinea (native) Halicmetus ruber (native) Dibranchus nasutus (native) Lophiomus setigerus (native),Blackmouthangler pigmy brotula (questionable), Metallic (native), Yellow • • • Family Ophidiidae (Cusk-eels) • • • • • • • • • • • • • Family Alepocephalidae (Slickheads) Order Osmeriformes • Family Stegostomatidae (Zebrasharks) • Family Rhincodontidae (Whaleshark) • • • • • Family Hemiscylliidae (Bamboosharks) • sharks) Family Ginglymostomatidae (Nurse Order Orectolobiformes Encheliophis homei (native),Silverpearlfish Encheliophis gracilis (native),Gracefulpearlfish Carapus mourlani (native),Starpearlfish Tauredophidium hextii (native) Porogadus trichiurus (native) Neobythites steatiticus (native) Monomitopus nigripinnis (native) Monomitopus conjugator (native) Holcomycteronus pterotus (native) Glyptophidium argenteum (native) Enchelybrotula paucidens (native) cusk eel Dicrolene introniger (questionable),Digitate Brotula multibarbata (native),Goatsbeardbrotula Bassozetus glutinosus (native) Bathytroctes squamosus (questionable) Aulastomatomorpha phospherops (native) Stegostoma fasciatum (native)Zebrashark,shark Rhincodon typus (native)Whaleshark,shark Brownbanded bambooshark Chiloscyllium punctatum (native), Whitespotted bambooshark Chiloscyllium plagiosum (native), Slender bambooshark Chiloscyllium indicum (native) Chiloscyllium griseum (native)Greybambooshark Arabian carpetshark Chiloscyllium arabicum (native), Tawny nurseshark Nebrius ferrugineus (native)Giantsleepyshark, • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • tangs, unicornfishes) Family Acanthuridae (Surgeonfishes, Order Perciformes • • Family Platytroctidae (Tubeshoulders) • Yellow tang Zebrasoma flavescens (questionable), Palette surgeonfish Paracanthurus hepatus (native), Naso vlamingii (native),Bignoseunicornfish Naso unicornis (native),Bluespineunicornfish Naso tuberosus (native),Humpnoseunicornfish Naso tonganus (native),Bulbnoseunicornfish Orangespine unicornfish Naso lituratus (misidentification), Naso brevirostris (native),Spottedunicornfish Humpback unicornfish Naso brachycentron (native), Spotted surgeonfish Ctenochaetus strigosus (questionable), Striated surgeonfish Ctenochaetus striatus (native), Yellowfin surgeonfish Acanthurus xanthopterus (native), Convict surgeonfish Acanthurus triostegus (native), Thompson's surgeonfish Acanthurus thompsoni (native), Doubleband surgeonfish Acanthurus tennentii (native), Bluelined surgeonfish Acanthurus nigroris (native), Brown surgeonfish Acanthurus nigrofuscus (native), Whitecheek surgeonfish Acanthurus nigricans (native), Acanthurus mata (native),Elongatesurgeonfish linned surgeonfish Acanthurus lineatus (native)Blue Powderblue surgeonfish Acanthurus leucosternon (native), Acanthurus gahhm,Blacksurgeonfish Platytroctes mirus (native),Leafsearsid Platytroctes apus (native),Leglesssearsid Narcetes erimelas (native) • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Family Ambassidae (Asiaticglassfishes) • • Family Acropomatidae (Lanternbellies, • • Family Apogonidae (Cardinalfishes) • • gouramies) Family Anabantidae (Climbing • Family Ammodytidae (Sandlances) • Zebrasoma xanthurum (native),Yellowtail tang Zebrasoma veliferum Parambassis ranga (native)Indianglassyfish Parambassis lala (native)Highfinglassyperchlet Parambassis dayi (endemic)Day'sglassfish Chanda nama (native)Elongateglass-perchlet perchlet, Banded-tailglassyperchlet Ambassis urotaenia (native)Banded-tailglassy Scalloped perchlet Ambassis nalua (native)Nalua-chanda, Flag-tailed glassperchlet Ambassis miops (native)Myopsglassyperchlet, glass perchlet Ambassis macracanthus (native),Estuarine perchlet, Freckled hawkfish Ambassis kopsii (native)Singaporeglassy perchlet, Long-spinedglassperchlet Ambassis interrupta (native)Interruptaglassy glassy perchlet Ambassis gymnocephalus (native)Bald glassy perchlet Ambassis dussumieri (native)Malabar Ambassis buton (native)Butonglassyperchlet glassy perchlet Ambassis ambassis Synagrops philippinensis (native) Acropoma japonicum (native),Glowbelly banded cardinalfish Apogon fasciatus (native),Broad- Apogon coccineus (native),Rubycardinalfish Anabas testudineus (native)Climbingperch Anabas cobojius (native)Gangetickoi Bleekeria kallolepis (native) glassy perchlett Pseudambassis baculis (native)Himalayan glassy perchlet Parambassis thomassi (endemic) Western Ghat (native) Commerson's 47 Training manual in Molecular Biology and Biotechnology for Fisheries Professionals 48 Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute • • • • Family Badidae Ariomma indica (native),Indianariomma Family Ariommatidae (Ariommatids) • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Badis kanabos (native) Badis blosyrus (native) Badis badis (native)Blueperch Badis assamensis (native) Luminous cardinalfish Rhabdamia gracilis (native), Swallowtail cardinalfish Rhabdamia cypselura (native), Gelatinous cardinalfish Pseudamia gelatinosa (native), Crystal cardinal Gymnapogon africanus (questionable), Fowleria aurita (native),Crosseyedcardinalfish Foa brachygramma (native),Weed cardinalfish lined cardinalfish Cheilodipterus quinquelineatus (native),Five- Cheilodipterus arabicus (native),Tigercardinal Orangelined cardinalfish Archamia fucata (native), Archamia bleekeri (native) Ocellated cardinalfish Apogonichthys ocellatus (native), flat cardinalfish Apogon taeniophorus (native),Reef- Apogon savayensis (native),Samoancardinalfish Apogon sangiensis (native),Sangicardinalfish Twostripe cardinal Apogon quadrifasciatus (native), finned cardinalfish Apogon poecilopterus (native),Pearly- Apogon oxina (native) Sevenstriped cardinalfish Apogon novemfasciatus, Moluccan cardinalfish Apogon moluccensis (native), Apogon leptacanthus Apogon kallopterus Copperstriped cardinalfish Apogon holotaenia (native), Apogon guamensis (native),Guamcardinalfish Apogon fraenatus (native),Bridledcardinalfish Apogon fleurieu (native),Cardinalfish (native), Iridescent cardinalfish (native), Threadfin cardinalfish • • • • • • • • • • • • Family Blenniidae (Combtooth blennies) • Family Bathyclupeidae • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Dario dario (native)Scarletbadis Badis tuivaiei (native) Cirripectes quagga (native)Squigglyblenny Cirripectes polyzona (native) Cirripectes perustus (native)Flamingblenny Blenniella leopardus (native) Aspidontus tractus (native) Andamia reyi (native)Suckerlipblenny Alticus kirkii (native)Kirk'sblenny Bathyclupea hoskynii (native) Parablennius thysanius (native)Tasseled blenny Omobranchus zebra (native)Zebrablenny Omobranchus punctatus (native)Muzzledblenny Omobranchus obliquus (native) Omobranchus ferox (native)Gossamerblenny Omobranchus fasciolatus (native)Arabblenny Omobranchus elongatus (native)Cloisterblenny Mimoblennius atrocinctus (native) Meiacanthus smithi (native)Discoblenny Istiblennius spilotus (native)Spottedrockskipper Istiblennius lineatus (native)Linedrockskipper Hirculops cornifer (native)Highbrowrockskipper Haptogenys bipunctata (native) Exallias brevis (native)Leopardblenny Vermiculated blenny Entomacrodus vermiculatus (native) Cirripectes filamentosus (native)Filamentousblenny blenny Cirripectes castaneus (native)Chestnuteyelash- dashed rockskipper Blenniella periophthalmus Antennablennius bifilum (native)Hornedrockskipper Petroscirtes mitratus (native)Floralblenny blenny mimic Petroscirtes breviceps (native)Stripedpoison-fang Istiblennius edentulus (native)Rippledrockskipper Istiblennius dussumieri (native)Streakyrockskipper Entomacrodus striatus (native)Reefmarginblenny Enchelyurus kraussii (native)Krauss'blenny Ecsenius pulcher (native) Ecsenius midas (native)Persian blenny speckled blenny Cirripectes variolosus (questionable)Red- Cirripectes stigmaticus (native)Red-streakedblenny (native) Blue- • • • • • • • • • • • pompanos) Family Carangidae (Jacksand • • • • • • • • • Family Callionymidae (Dragonets) • • • • • • • • • • Family Caesionidae (Fusiliers) • • • • Callionymus fluviatilis (native)Riverdragonet, Callionymus erythraeus (native),Smallheaddragonet deepwater dragonet Callionymus carebares (native),Indian Pterocaesio tile (native),Dark-bandedfusilier Pterocaesio tessellata (native),One-stripefusilier Pterocaesio pisang (native),Bananafusilier lined fusilier Pterocaesio digramma Pterocaesio chrysozona (native),Goldbandfusilier Gymnocaesio gymnoptera (native),Slenderfusilier Dipterygonotus balteatus (native),Mottledfusilier Xiphasia setifer (native)Hairtailblenny Scartella emarginata (native)Manedblenny Salarias reticulatus (sp.nov.)[6] Salarias fasciatus (native)Jewelledblenny Plagiotremus tapeinosoma (native)Pianofangblenny Bluestriped fangblenny Plagiotremus rhinorhynchos (native) Petroscirtes xestus Flap-gilled dragonet Eleutherochir opercularis (native)Indiandragonet, dragonet, Arrowdragonet Callionymus sagitta (native)Arrowheaded Callionymus megastomus (native) Margaret's dragonet Callionymus margaretae (native), Callionymus kotthausi (native) Callionymus japonicus (questionable) River dragonet Bathycallionymus kaianus (native) Caesio xanthonota (native),Yellowback fusilier Caesio varilineata (native),Variable-lined fusilier Caesio teres (native),Yellow andbluebackfusilier Caesio lunaris (native),Lunarfusilier Caesio cuning (native),Redbellyyellowtailfusilier Caesio caerulaurea (native),Blueandgoldfusilier Alepes kleinii (native),Razorbellyscad Alepes djedaba (native),Shrimpscad Alectis indicus (native),Indianthreadfish Alectis ciliaris (native),Africanpompano (native) Xestus sabretooth blenny (questionable), Double- • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Carangoides armatus (native),Longfintrevally Atule mate (native),Yellowtail scad Atropus atropos (native),Cleftbellytrevally Alepes vari (native),Herringscad Alepes melanoptera (native),Blackfinscad Carangoides malabaricus (native),Malabartrevally Duskyshoulder trevally Carangoides humerosus (native), Bumpnose trevally Carangoides hedlandensis (native), Carangoides gymnostethus (native),Bludger Yellowspotted trevally Carangoides fulvoguttatus (native), Carangoides ferdau (native),Bluetrevally Carangoides dinema (native),Shadowtrevally Coastal trevally Carangoides coeruleopinnatus Carangoides ciliarius (questionable) Carangoides chrysophrys Scomberoides lysan (native)Double-spotted Talang queenfish Scomberoides commersonnianus (native), Black pomfret Parastromateus niger Naucrates ductor (native),Pilotfish Megalaspis cordyla (native)Torpedo scad,Torpedo scad Gnathanodon speciosus (native),Goldentrevally Elagatis bipinnulata (native),Rainbowrunner Decapterus russelli (native),Indianscad Decapterus macrosoma (native),Shortfinscad Decapterus macarellus (native),Mackerelscad Caranx tille (native),Tilletrevally Caranx sexfasciatus (native),Bigeyetrevally Caranx papuensis (native),Brassytrevally Caranx melampygus (native),Bluefintrevally Caranx lugubris (native),Blackjack Giant trevally Caranx ignobilis (native)Giantkingfish, Crevalle jack Caranx hippos (questionable)Blacktailedtrevally, Caranx heberi (native),Blacktiptrevally Impostor trevally Carangoides talamparoides (native), trevally, Brownbacktrevally Carangoides praeustus (native)Brown-backed Carangoides plagiotaenia (native),Barcheektrevally Carangoides orthogrammus (native),Islandtrevally Carangoides oblongus (native),Coachwhiptrevally (native) Brown pomfret, (native), Longnose trevally (native), 49 Training manual in Molecular Biology and Biotechnology for Fisheries Professionals 50 Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Family Chaetodontidae (Butterflyfishes) • Family Cepolidae (Bandfishes) • Family Centrolophidae (Medusafishes) • Family Centrogenyidae • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Eightband butterflyfish Chaetodon octofasciatus (native), Chaetodon meyeri (native),Scrawledbutterflyfish Blackback butterflyfish Chaetodon melannotus (native), Chaetodon lunula (native),Raccoonbutterflyfish Chaetodon kleinii (native),Sunburstbutterflyfish Blackwedged butterflyfish Chaetodon falcula (native), vagabond butterflyfish Chaetodon decussatus Chaetodon collare (native),Redtailbutterflyfish Chaetodon citrinellus (native),Speckledbutterflyfish Chaetodon bennetti (native),Bluelashedbutterflyfish Chaetodon auriga (native),Threadfinbutterflyfish Chaetodon andamanensis (native) Acanthocepola indica (native) Psenopsis cyanea (native),Indianruff Centrogenys vaigiensis (native),False scorpionfish Uraspis uraspis (native),Whitetonguejack Uraspis secunda (native),Cottonmouthjack Uraspis helvola (native),Whitemouthjack Ulua mentalis (native),Longrakeredtrevally Trachinotus mookalee (native),Indianpompano Trachinotus botla (native),Largespotteddart Trachinotus blochii (native),Snubnosepompano Trachinotus baillonii (native),Smallspotteddart Seriolina nigrofasciata (native),Blackbandedtrevally Seriola rivoliana (native),Almacojack Seriola lalandi (native),Yellowtail amberjack Selaroides leptolepis (native),Yellowstripe scad Selar crumenophthalmus (native),Bigeyescad Selar boops (native),Oxeyescad Scomberoides tol (native),Needlescaledqueenfish Scomberoides tala (native),Barredqueenfish queenfish, Doublespottedqueenfish Chaetodon trifascialis (native),Chevronbutterflyfish Chaetodon speculum Spotband butterflyfish Chaetodon punctatofasciatus (questionable), (native), Mirror butterflyfish (native), Indian • • • • • • • • • • • • • Family Drepaneidae (Sicklefishes) • Family Datnioididae • Family Coryphaenidae (Dolphinfishes) • • • • Family Cirrhitidae (Hawkfishes) • • • • • • Family Cichlidae (Cichlids) • • Family Champsodontidae Chaetodon trifasciatus (native),Melonbutterflyfish Sixspine butterflyfish Parachaetodon ocellatus (native), Heniochus singularius (native),Singularbannerfish Phantom bannerfish Heniochus pleurotaenia (native), Heniochus monoceros (native),Maskedbannerfish Threeband pennantfish Heniochus chrysostomus (native), Pennant coralfish Heniochus acuminatus (native)Pennant coralfish, white butterflyfish Hemitaurichthys zoster (native),Brown-and- Longnose butterflyfish Forcipiger longirostris (native), Chelmon rostratus (native),Copperbandbutterflyfish Yellowhead butterflyfish Chaetodon xanthocephalus (native), Vagabond butterflyfish Chaetodon vagabundus (native), Drepane longimana (native),Concertinafish Datnioides polota (native)Four-barred tigerfish Coryphaena hippurus (native),Commondolphinfish Paracirrhites forsteri (native),Blacksidehawkfish Cirrhitus pinnulatus (native),Stockyhawkfish Cirrhitichthys bleekeri (native) Cirrhitichthys aureus (native),Yellow hawkfish Oreochromis niloticus (introduced),Niletilapia Mozambique cichlid Oreochromis mossambicus (introduced) Etroplus suratensis (native)Greenchromide Etroplus maculatus (native)Orangechromide Etroplus canarensis (endemic)Canarapearlspot Etroplus maculatusOrangeChromide Champsodon vorax (questionable) Champsodon capensis (questionable),Gaper • • • • • • • • • • • • Gerreidae (Mojarras) • • • • Gempylidae (Snake mackerels) • • batfishes andscats) Family Ephippidae (Spadefishes, • Family Emmelichthyidae (Rovers) • • • • • • • Family Eleotridae (Sleepers) • • • • • Family Echeneidae (Remoras) • • • Ruvettus pretiosus (native),Oilfish Rexea prometheoides (native),Royalescolar Rexea bengalensis (native),Bengalescolar Promethichthys prometheus Ophiocara porocephala (native)Flatheadsleeper Odonteleotris macrodon (native)Gangeticsleeper Incara multisquamatus (native) Eleotris melanosoma (native)Broadheadsleeper lutea (native) Luteasleeper Eleotris fusca (native) Dusky sleeperEleotris Butis amboinensis (native),Oliveflathead-gudgeon Phtheirichthys lineatus Drepane punctata (native)Spottedsicklefish Gerres longirostris (native)Strongspinesilver-biddy Gerres limbatus (native),Saddlebacksilver-biddy Gerres filamentosus (native)Whiptailsilver-biddy Gerres erythrourus (native),Deep-bodiedmojarra Neoepinnula orientalis (native),Sackfish Gempylus serpens (native),Snakemackerel Epinnula magistralis (native),Domine Platax teira (native),Tierabatfish Ephippus orbis (native),Orbfish Erythrocles schlegelli Butis humeralis (native)Blackspotsleeper Butis koilomatodon (native),Mudsleeper Butis gymnopomus (native) Butis butis (native)Duckbillsleeper Bostrychus sinensis (native),Four-eyed sleeper Remorina albescens (native),Whitesuckerfish Remora remora (native)Common Remora osteochir (native),Marlinsucker Echeneis naucrates (native),Livesharksucker Gerres oyena (native)Commonsilvery-biddy Gerres oblongus (native),Slendersilverbiddy Gerres macracanthus (native) (native), Slender suckerfish (native), Roudi escolar • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Gobiidae (Gobies) • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Pentaprion longimanus (native),Longfinmojarra Gerres setifer (native)SmallBengalsilver-biddy Awaous guamensis (native) Awaous grammepomus (native),Scribbledgoby Asterropteryx semipunctata (native),Starrygoby Apocryptodon madurensis (native) Apocryptes bato (native) Acentrogobius madraspatensis (native) Amblyotrypauchen arctocephalus (native) Amblygobius albimaculatus Masked shrimpgoby Amblyeleotris gymnocephala (native), green goby Acentrogobius viridipunctatus (native),Spotted Acentrogobius masoni (native) Acentrogobius griseus (endemic)Greygoby Acentrogobius cyanomos (native) Acentrogobius caninus (native),Tropical sandgoby Acentrogobius bontii (native) Pseudogobiopsis oligactis (native) Glossogobius mas (native) Glossogobius kokius (native) Glossogobius giuris (native)Tank goby Fusigobius neophytus sand goby Favonigobius reichei (native),Indo-Pacific tropical Exyrias puntang (native),Puntanggoby Eviota distigma (native),Twospot pygmygoby Pseudogobiopsis oligactis (native) Egglestonichthys melanoptera (native) Drombus globiceps (native)Bigheadgoby Paratrypauchen microcephalus (native)Combgoby Silverspot shrimpgoby Ctenogobiops crocineus (native), Callogobius seshaiyai (endemic) Callogobius hasseltii (native),Hasselt'sgoby Brachygobius nunus (native)Bumblebeegoby Brachyamblyopus brachysoma (native) Boleophthalmus dussumieri (native) Bathygobius smithi (native) Bathygobius petrophilus (questionable) Bathygobius niger (native),Blackminigoby Bathygobius fuscus (native),Duskyfrillgoby Bathygobius cyclopterus (native),Spotted frillgoby Awaous ocellaris (native) Awaous melanocephalus (native),Largesnoutgoby (native), Common fusegoby (native), Butterfly goby 51 Training manual in Molecular Biology and Biotechnology for Fisheries Professionals 52 Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Weber's mudskipper Periophthalmus weberi (questionable) Walton's mudskipper Periophthalmus waltoni (questionable), Pearse's mudskipper Periophthalmus novemradiatus Periophthalmus minutus (native) Periophthalmus chrysospilos (native) Atlantic mudskipper Periophthalmus barbarus (questionable), Barred mudskipper Periophthalmus argentilineatus (native), Periophthalmodon septemradiatus (native) Giant mudskipper Periophthalmodon schlosseri (native), Parapocryptes serperaster (native) Parapocryptes rictuosus (native) Redhead goby Paragobiodon echinocephalus (native), Parachaeturichthys polynema (native)Taileyed goby Aulopareia ocellatus (native) Oxyurichthys tentacularis (native) Oxyurichthys paulae (native)Jestergoby Eyebrow goby Oxyurichthys ophthalmonema (native), Oxyurichthys microlepis (native)Manedgoby Oxyurichthys formosanus (native) Oxyurichthys dasi (native) Oxuderces dentatus (native) Oligolepis cylindriceps (native) Oligolepis acutipennis (native)Sharptailgoby Rubicundus eelgoby Odontamblyopus rubicundus (native) Odontamblyopus roseus (native) Obliquogobius cometes (native) prawn goby Mahidolia mystacina (native)Smilinggoby, Flagfin Istigobius spence (native),Pearl goby Istigobius ornatus (native),Ornategoby Istigobius diadema (native) Hetereleotris zonata (native),Goggles Hemigobius hoevenii (questionable) Gobiopterus chuno (native),Glassgoby Gobiopsis woodsi (native) Gobiopsis macrostomu (native),Longjawgoby Gobiopsis canalis (native),Checkeredgoby Gobiodon rivulatus (native),Rippledcoralgoby Gobiodon citrinus (native),Poison goby (native) • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Haemulidae (Grunts) • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Scartelaos histophorus (native),Walking goby Scartelaos cantoris (native) Pseudotrypauchen multiradiatus (native) Pseudogobius poicilosoma (native) Pseudogobius gastrospinos Pseudogobius javanicus (native) Pseudapocryptes elongatus (native) Psammogobius biocellatus (native)Sleepygoby Priolepis inhaca (native),Brickgoby Priolepis eugenius (native),Noblegoby Pleurosicya bilobata (native),Bilobedghostgoby Taenioides gracilis (native),Slendereelgoby Taenioides cirratus (native)Hooghlygobyeel Taenioides buchanani (native)Burmesegobyeel Taenioides anguillaris (native)Anguillaeelgoby Stigmatogobius sadanundio (native) Stigmatogobius minima (native) Stenogobius laterisquamatus (questionable) Stenogobius gymnopomus (native) Silhouettea indica (native) Sicyopterus microcephalus (native) Sicyopterus griseus (native) Plectorhinchus pictum (native),Painted sweetlips Yongeichthys tuticorinensis (native) Yongeichthys nebulosus Valenciennea strigata (native),Bluebandgoby Valenciennea sexguttata (native),Sixspotgoby Valenciennea muralis (native),Muralgoby Trypauchenichthys sumatrensis (native) Trypauchen vagina (native)Burrowinggoby Schismatogobius deraniyagalai slender mudskipper Scartelaos tenuis (questionable),IndianOcean Pomadasys argyreus (native)Bluecheeksilvergrunt Pomadasys argenteus (native)Silvergrunt Plectorhinchus schotaf (native),Minstrelsweetlip Plectorhinchus picus (native),Painted sweetlip Yellowbanded sweetlips Plectorhinchus lineatus (native), Plectorhinchus gibbosus (native),Harryhotlips Striped sweetlips Plectorhinchus diagrammus (questionable), Plectorhinchus chubbi (native),Duskyrubberlip striped sweetlips Plectorhinchus albovittatus Trimma annosum (native),Greybeardedpygmygoby (native), Redneck goby (native), Two- • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Labridae (Wrasses) • • • Kyphosidae (Sea chubs) • Kurtidae (Nurseryfishes) • • Kuhliidae (Aholeholes) • Kraemeriidae (Sand darters) • • • • Istiophoridae (Billfishes) • • Pomadasys multimaculatum (native),Cockgrunter Pomadasys maculatus (native),Saddlegrunt Pomadasys kaakan (native),Javelingrunter Pomadasys guoraca (native) Pomadasys furcatus (native),Bandedgrunter Pomadasys commersonnii (native) Spottedgrunter Cirrhilabrus exquisitus (native),Exquisitewrasse Choerodon robustus (native),Robusttuskfish dotted tuskfish Choerodon anchorago Cheilio inermis (native),Cigarwrasse Cheilinus undulatus (native),Humpheadwrasse Cheilinus trilobatus (native),Tripletail wrasse Cheilinus oxycephalus (native),Snootywrasse Cheilinus fasciatus (native),Redbreastwrasse Cheilinus chlorourus (native),Floralwrasse Bodianus neilli (native),BayofBengalhogfish Anampses meleagrides (native),Spottedwrasse Bluespotted wrasse Anampses caeruleopunctatus (native), Kyphosus vaigiensis (native),Brassychub Kyphosus cinerascens (native),Blueseachub Kyphosus bigibbus (native),Greyseachub hump head Kurtus indicus (native)Indianhumphead, Kuhlia rupestris (native)Rockflagtail Kuhlia mugil (native)Barredflagtail Kraemeria samoensis (native),Samoansanddart Tetrapturus angustirostris (native), Shortbill spearfish Makaira mazara (native),Indo-Pacific bluemarlin Black marlin Istiompax indica (native)Shortnosedswordfish, Pacific sailfish Istiophorus platypterus (native)Sailfish,Indo- Pomadasys stridens (native),Stripedpiggy Pomadasys olivaceus (native),Olivegrunt (native), Orange- • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • wrasse Coris gaimard (questionable),Yellowtail coris Coris formosa (native),Queencoris Coris aygula (native),Clowncoris Hologymnosus doliatus Hologymnosus annulatus (native),Ringwrasse Hemigymnus melapterus (native),Blackeyethicklip Hemigymnus fasciatus (native),Barredthicklip Halichoeres zeylonicus (native),Goldstripewrasse Halichoeres timorensis (native),Timorwrasse Halichoeres scapularis (native),Zigzagwrasse Halichoeres nigrescens (native),Bubblefinwrasse Halichoeres nebulosus (native),Nebulouswrasse Halichoeres marginatus (native),Duskywrasse Checkerboard wrasse Halichoeres hortulanus (native), Gomphosus varius (native),Birdwrasse birdmouth wrasse Gomphosus caeruleus (native),Green Iniistius bimaculatus (native),Two-spot razorfish Choerodon typus (native),Blue-bandedwrasse Fivestripe wrasse Thalassoma quinquevittatum (native), Thalassoma purpureum (native),Surgewrasse Thalassoma lunare (native),Moonwrasse Thalassoma jansenii (native),Jansen'swrasse Thalassoma hardwicke (native),Sixbarwrasse Bluntheaded wrasse Thalassoma amblycephalum (native), lined rainbowfish Stethojulis trilineata (native),Three- Stethojulis strigiventer (native),Three-ribbonwrasse Stethojulis balteata (questionable),Beltedwrasse Stethojulis albovittata (native),Bluelinedwrasse Pteragogus flagellifer (native),Cocktailwrasse Pseudodax moluccanus (native),Chiseltoothwrasse Pseudocheilinus hexataenia (native),Sixlinewrasse Oxycheilinus digramma (native),Cheeklinedwrasse Oxycheilinus bimaculatus (native),Two-spot wrasse Rockmover wrasse Novaculichthys taeniourus (native), Blackspotted wrasse Macropharyngodon meleagris (native), spot wrasse Leptojulis cyanopleura (native),Shoulder- cleaner wrasse Labroides dimidiatus (native),Bluestreak Iniistius pavo (native),Peacock wrasse (native), Pastel ringwrasse 53 Training manual in Molecular Biology and Biotechnology for Fisheries Professionals 54 Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute • • • • • • • • • Lethrinidae (Emperors orscavengers) • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Latidae (Lates perches) • Lactariidae (False trevallies) • • • Lethrinus mahsena (native),Skyemperor Lethrinus harak (native),Thumbprintemperor spotted emperor Lethrinus erythracanthus (native),Orange- Lethrinus conchyliatus (native),Redaxilemperor Gymnocranius griseus (native),Greylarge-eyebream large-eye bream Gymnocranius grandoculis eye bream Gymnocranius elongatus eye bream Gnathodentex aureolineatus (native),Stripedlarge- Secutor ruconius (native)Deeppugnoseponyfish Deveximentum insidiator (native) Pugnose ponyfish Leiognathus striatus (native) Eubleekeria splendens (native),Splendidponyfish Aurigequula longispinis (questionable) E. lineolatus (native),Ornateponyfish Equuilites leuciscus (native),Whipfinponyfish Aurigequla fasciatus (native),Stripedponyfish Leiognathus equula (native)Commonponyfish Equuilites elongatus (native),Slenderponyfish Karalla dussumieri (native),Dussumier'sponyfish Nuchequula decorus (native)Shortnoseponyfish Leiognathus daura (native),Goldstripeponyfish Leiognathus brevirostris (native),Shortnoseponyfish Nuchequula blochii (native)Twoblotch ponyfish Photopectoralis bindus (native)Orangefinponyfish Leiognathus berbis (native),Berberponyfish Gazza rhombea (native),Rhomboidtoothpony Gazza minuta (native)Toothpony, Toothpony Gazza achlamys (native),Smalltoothedponyfish Leiognathidae (Slimys, slipmouths,or ponyfishes) Waigieu seaperch Psammoperca waigiensis (native)Waigeu seaperch, Lates calcarifer (native)Barramundi,Barramundi Lactarius lactarius (native)Big-jawedjumper Novaculops rajagopalani (native) Iniistius pentadactylus (native),Fivefingerwrasse Xyrichtys cyanifrons (native) ear emperor Lethrinus lentjan (native)Pig-facebream,Pink (native), Forktail large- (native), Blue-lined • • • Lobotidae (Tripletails) • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Lutjanidae (Snappers) Lethrinus microdon (native),Smalltoothemperor Lethrinus miniatus (questionable),Trumpet emperor Lobotes surinamensis (native)Tripletail eye bream Wattsia mossambica (native),Mozambiquelarge- eye bream Monotaxis grandoculis Lethrinus xanthochilus Lethrinus variegatus (native),Slenderemperor Lethrinus semicinctus (native), Black blotch emperor Spotcheek emperor Lethrinus rubrioperculatus (native), Lethrinus ornatus (native),Ornateemperor Lethrinus olivaceus (native),Longfaceemperor striped emperor Lethrinus obsoletus Lethrinus nebulosus (native),Spangledemperor bluestripe snapper Lutjanus kasmira (native),Common Lutjanus johnii (native)John'ssnapper Lutjanus guilcheri (native),Yellowfin redsnapper Lutjanus gibbus (native),Humpbackredsnapper Lutjanus fulvus (native),Blacktailsnapper Lutjanus fulviflamma (native),Dorysnapper Lutjanus erythropterus (native),Crimsonsnapper Lutjanus ehrenbergii (native)Blackspotsnapper Lutjanus decussatus (native),Checkeredsnapper flag snapper Lutjanus carponotatus (native),Spanish Lutjanus bohar (native),Two-spot redsnapper banded snapper Lutjanus biguttatus (native),Two-spot Lutjanus bengalensis (native),Bengalsnapper red snapper Lutjanus argentimaculatus Lipocheilus carnolabrum (native),Tang's snapper Etelis radiosus (native),Scarletsnapper Etelis coruscans (native),Flamesnapper Etelis carbunculus (native),Rubysnapper forktail snapper Apsilus fuscus (questionable),African Aprion virescens (native),Greenjobfish Aphareus rutilans (native),Rustyjobfish Aphareus furca (native),Smalltoothedjobfish (native), Yellowlip emperor (native), Humpnose big- (native), Orange- (native), Mangrove • • • • • Mugilidae (Mullets) • • fingerfishes) Monodactylidae (Moonyfishes or • Menidae (Moonfish) • Malacanthidae (Tilefishes) • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Planiliza mandapamensis (native),Indianmullet Planiliza macrolepis (native)Largescalemullet Planiliza klunzingeri (native),Klunzinger'smullet Planiliza carinata (native),Keeled mullet Crenimugil crenilabis (native),Fringelip mullet Monodactylus falciformis (native)Full moony Monodactylus argenteus (native)Silverymoony Mene maculata (native),Moonfish Hoplolatilus fronticinctus (native),Pastel tilefish Pristipomoides zonatus,Oblique-bandedsnapper Pristipomoides typus,Sharptoothjobfish jobfish Pristipomoides sieboldii (native),Lavender Goldbanded jobfish Pristipomoides multidens (native), Crimson jobfish Pristipomoides filamentosus (native), Pinjalo pinjalo (native), Pinjalo lewisi (native),Slenderpinjalo Paracaesio xanthura (native),Yellowtail bluesnapper Paracaesio sordida (native),Dirtyorduresnapper Macolor niger (native),Blackandwhitesnapper Lutjanus vitta (native),Brownstriperedsnapper Lutjanus sebae (native),Emperorredsnapper Lutjanus sanguineus (native),Humpheadsnapper Lutjanus russellii (native),Russell'ssnapper lined snapper Lutjanus rufolineatus (questionable),Yellow- Lutjanus rivulatus (native),Blubberlipsnapper lined snapper Lutjanus quinquelineatus (native),Five- Lutjanus monostigma (native),Onespotsnapper blood snapper Lutjanus malabaricus (native),Malabar Lutjanus madras (native),Indiansnapper Lutjanus lutjanus (native),Bigeyesnapper Lutjanus lunulatus (native),Lunartailsnapper Yellowstreaked snapper Lutjanus lemniscatus (native),

• • • • Mullidae (Goatfishes) • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Whiptail breams) Nemipteridae (Threadfin breams, • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • dot goatfish Parupeneus barberinus (native),Dash-and- Yellowstripe goatfish Mulloidichthys flavolineatus (native), Osteomugil speigleri (native)Speigler'smullet Crenimugil seheli (native)Bluespotmullet Osteomugil cunnesius (native)Longarmmullet Crenimugil buchanani (native)Bluetailmullet Sicamugil hamiltonii (questionable)Burmesemullet Minimugil cascasia (native)Yellowtail mullet Rhinomugil corsula (native)Corsulamullet Plicomugil labiosus (native),Hornlipmullet Mugil cephalus (native)Flatheadmullet Ellochelon vaigiensis (native)Squaretailmullet Planiliza tade (native)Tade mullet,Tade mullet Planiliza subviridis (native)Greenbackmullet Planiliza parsia (native)Goldspotmullet Otomebora mullet Planiliza melinoptera (native)Giantscalemullet, threadfin bream Nemipterus bipunctatus Upeneus vittatus (native),Yellowstriped goatfish Upeneus tragula (native),Freckled goatfish Upeneus taeniopterus (native),Finstripegoatfish Upeneus sundaicus (native),Ochre-bandedgoatfish Upeneus sulphureus (native),Sulphurgoatfish Upeneus moluccensis (native), Goldband goatfish Upeneus luzonius,Dark-barredgoatfish Upeneus japonicus,Bensasigoatfish Parupeneus trifasciatus (native),Doublebargoatfish Parupeneus pleurostigma (native),Sidespotgoatfish Manybar goatfish Parupeneus multifasciatus (native), Pearly goatfish Parupeneus margaritatus (questionable), Longbarbel goatfish Parupeneus macronemus (native), Parupeneus indicus (native),Indiangoatfish Cinnabar goatfish Parupeneus heptacanthus (native), Goldsaddle goatfish Parupeneus cyclostomus (native), Parupeneus ciliatus (native), Whitesaddle goatfish (native), Delagoa 55 Training manual in Molecular Biology and Biotechnology for Fisheries Professionals 56 Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute • Nomeidae (Driftfishes) • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Cubiceps whiteleggu (native),Indiandriftfish monocle bream Scolopsis xenochrous (native),Oblique-barred monocle bream Scolopsis vosmeri (native),Whitecheek monocle bream Scolopsis taenioptera (questionable),Lattice monocle bream Scolopsis taeniata (native),Black-streaked monocle bream Scolopsis margaritifera (questionable),Pearly Scolopsis lineata (native),Stripedmonoclebream Scolopsis ghanam (native),Arabianmonoclebream Scolopsis frenata (native),Bridledmonoclebream monocle bream Scolopsis ciliata (native),Saw-jawed monocle bream Scolopsis bimaculata (native),Thumbprint monocle bream Scolopsis bilineata (native),Two-lined monocle bream Parascolopsis inermis (native),Unarmeddwarf monocle bream Parascolopsis eriomma (native),Rosydwarf dwarf monoclebream Parascolopsis boesemani (endemic),Redfin monocle bream Parascolopsis aspinosa (native),Smoothdwarf threadfin bream Nemipterus zysron (native),Slender threadfin bream Nemipterus randalli (native),Randall's threadfin bream Nemipterus peronii (native),Notchedfin threadfin bream Nemipterus nemurus (questionable),Redspine threadfin bream Nemipterus nematophorus (native),Doublewhip threadfin bream Nemipterus mesoprion (questionable),Mauvelip filament threadfinbream Nemipterus marginatus (questionable),Red threadfin bream Nemipterus japonicus (native),Japanese threadfin bream Nemipterus furcosus (native),Fork-tailed • • • • Pinguipedidae (Sandperches) • • Percophidae (Duckbills) • • • • • Pempheridae (Sweepers) • • • • Polynemidae (Threadfins) • • Plesiopidae (Roundheads) • • • • • • • • • • • • • Psenes cyanophrys (native),Freckled driftfish Bembrops platyrhynchus (native),Natalduckbill Bembrops caudimacula (native) Pempheris oualensis (native),Silversweeper Pempheris molucca (questionable) Yellowthread threadfin Filimanus xanthonema (native), Filimanus similis (native) Acanthoplesiops indicus (native),Scottie Reticulated sandperch Parapercis tetracantha (native), Parapercis quadrispinosa (native) Parapercis punctata (native) Parapercis pulchella (native),Harlequinsandsmelt Parapercis maculata (native),Harlequinsandperch Speckled sandperch Parapercis hexophtalma (native), Parapercis alboguttata (native),Whitespotsandsmelt Pempheris vanicolensis (native), Vanikoro sweeper Pempheris mangula (native),Black-edgedsweeper Parapriacanthus ransonneti Eastern paradisefish Polynemus dubius (questionable)Borneothreadfin, Polydactylus sextarius (native)Blackspotthreadfin Polydactylus sexfilis (native),Sixfingerthreadfin Polydactylus plebeius (native),Stripedthreadfin Polydactylus mullani (native) mouthed threadfin Polydactylus microstoma (native),Small- Polydactylus macrochir (native),Kingthreadfin threadfin, Indianthreadfin Leptomelanosoma indicum (native)Indian Filimanus heptadactyla (native)Sevenfingerthreadfin salmon, Fourfinger threadfin Eleutheronema tetradactylum (native)White Plesiops corallicola (native),Bluegilllongfin Crimsontip longfin Plesiops coeruleolineatus (native), (native), Pigmy sweeper • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Pomacentridae (Damselfishes) • • • • • • • Pomacanthidae (Angelfishes) • Fusilier damselfish Lepidozygus tapeinosoma Dischistodus prosopotaenia (native),Honey-head damsel Dischistodus perspicillatus (native),Whitedamsel Dascyllus trimaculatus Dascyllus aruanus (native),Whitetaildascyllus Onespot demoiselle Chrysiptera unimaculata (native), Chrysiptera glauca (native),Greydemoiselle Chrysiptera cyanea (native),Sapphiredevil Chrysiptera brownriggii (native),Surgedamselfish Chrysiptera biocellata (native),Twinspot damselfish Chromis weberi (native),Weber's chromis Chromis viridis (native),Bluegreendamselfish Chromis ternatensis (native),Ternate chromis Chromis opercularis (native),Doublebarchromis Chromis dimidiata (native),Chocolatedipchromis Cheiloprion labiatus (native),Big-lipdamsel Amphiprion sebae (native),Sebaeanemonefish Amphiprion percula,Orangeclownfish Amphiprion ocellaris (native),Clownanemonefish Amphiprion nigripes,Maldiveanemonefish Amphiprion frenatus,Tomato clownfish Amphiprion ephippium (native),Saddleanemonefish Amphiprion chrysogaster,Mauritiananemonefish Amphiprion bicinctus,Twoband anemonefish Abudefduf vaigiensis (native),Indo-Pacific sergeant Abudefduf sordidus (native),Blackspotsergeant Abudefduf sexfasciatus (native), Scissortail sergeant Banded sergeant Abudefduf septemfasciatus (native), Abudefduf bengalensis (native),Bengalsergeant Semicircle angelfish Pomacanthus semicirculatus (native), Pomacanthus imperator Pomacanthus annularis (native)Ringedanglefish velvet angelfish Chaetodontoplus melanosoma (native),Black- Centropyge multispinis (native),Duskyangelfish Centropyge bicolor (native),Bicolorangelfish Yellowtail angelfish Apolemichthys xanthurus (native), Paradise threadfin Polynemus paradiseus (native)Paradise threadfin, (native), Threespot dascyllus (native), Emperor angelfish (native), • • • Priacanthidae (Bigeyes orcatalufas) • Pomatomidae (Bluefishes) • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Scaridae (Parrotfishes) • Rachycentridae (Cobia) • • Ptereleotridae • • • • Pseudochromidae (Dottybacks) • • • • • • Plectroglyphidodon dickii (native),Blackbardevil Freshwater demoiselle Neopomacentrus taeniurus (native), Pomatomus saltatrix (native),Bluefish Stegastes obreptus (native),Western gregory Stegastes nigricans (native),Duskyfarmerfish Stegastes lividus (native),Bluntsnoutgregory Stegastes albifasciatus (native),Whitebargregory Pristotis obtusirostris (native),Gulfdamselfish Spinecheek anemonefish Premnas biaculeatus (native), Pomacentrus pavo (native),Sapphiredamsel Plectroglyphidodon leucozonus (native),Singlebardevil Whitespotted devil Plectroglyphidodon lacrymatus (native), Hipposcarus harid Chlorurus sordidus (native),Daisyparrotfish Chlorurus oedema (native),Knotheadparrotfish Chlorurus gibbus (native),Heavybeakparrotfish Chlorurus enneacanthus (native),Captainparrotfish Calotomus viridescens,Viridescentparrotfish Calotomus spinidens (native),Spinytoothparrotfish Rachycentron canadum (native),Cobia Ptereleotris microlepis (native),Bluegudgeon Ptereleotris evides (native),Blackfindartfish Blackmargin dottyback Pseudochromis tapeinosoma Pseudochromis caudalis (native) Halidesmus thomaseni (native),Thomasen'ssnakelet Congrogadus subducens (native),Carpeteel-blenny Pristigenys niphonia (native),Japanesebigeye Priacanthus tayenus (native),Purple-spottedbigeye Priacanthus prolixus (native),Elongatebulleye Priacanthus macracanthus (native),Redbigeye Priacanthus hamrur (native),Moontailbullseye Heteropriacanthus cruentatus (native),Glasseye (native), Candelamoa parrotfish (native), 57 Training manual in Molecular Biology and Biotechnology for Fisheries Professionals 58 Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Sciaenidae (Drums orcroakers) • • Schindleriidae • Scatophagidae (Scats) • • • • • • • • • • • Johnius mannarensis (native),Mannarcroaker Johnius macrorhynus (native),Big-snoutcroaker Johnius macropterus (native),Largefincroaker Johnius glaucus (native),Pale spotfin croaker Johnius gangeticus (endemic)Gangeticbola Johnius elongatus (native),Spindlecroaker hammer croaker Johnius dussumieri (native)Sharptooth Johnius coitor (native)Coitorcroaker Johnius carutta (native)Karutcroaker Johnius carouna (native)Carouncroaker hammer croaker Johnius borneensis (native),Sharpnose Johnius belangerii (native)Belanger'scroaker Johnius amblycephalus (native),Beardedcroaker Dendrophysa russelii (native)Goateecroaker Bengal corvina Daysciaena albida (native)Two-bearded croaker, Chrysochir aureus (native),Reeve'scroaker Bahaba chaptis (native)Chaptisbahaba Atrobucca trewavasae (native) Atrobucca nibe (native),Longfinkob Atrobucca antonbruun (native) Atrobucca alcocki (native) Argyrosomus japonicus (native),Japanesemeagre Madagascar meagre Argyrosomus hololepidotus (misidentification), Argyrosomus amoyensis (native),Amoycroaker Schindleria praematura (questionable),Schindler'sfish Schindleria pietschmanni (questionable) Scatophagus argus (native)Spottedscat Scarus tricolor (native),Tricolour parrotfish Scarus scaber (native),Fivesaddleparrotfish Scarus russelii (native),Eclipseparrotfish Scarus rubroviolaceus (native),Emberparrotfish Scarus quoyi (native),Quoy'sparrotfish Scarus psittacus (native),Commonparrotfish Scarus prasiognathos (native),Singaporeparrotfish Scarus niger (native),Duskyparrotfish Scarus globiceps (native),Globeheadparrotfish Scarus ghobban (native),Blue-barredparrotfish Leptoscarus vaigiensis (native), Marbled parrotfish • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • fairy basslets) Serranidae (Sea basses:groupers and • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Scombridae (Mackerels, tunas,bonitos) Nibea soldado (native),Soldiercroaker Nibea maculata (native),Blotchedcroaker Kathala axillaris (native),Kathalacroaker Johnius plagiostoma (native),Large-eyecroaker Panna heterolepis (native)Hooghlycroaker Otolithoides pama (native),Pama croaker Otolithoides biauritus (native)Bronzecroaker Otolithes ruber (native),Tiger-toothed croaker Panna microdon (misidentification) Panna croaker Otolithes cuvieri Umbrina canariensis (native),Canarydrum Pterotolithus maculatus (native)Blotch Protonibea diacanthus (native)Spottedcroaker Pennahia ovata (native) Pennah croaker Pennahia macrocephalus (questionable),Big-head Pennahia anea (native),Greyfincroaker mourning croaker Paranibea semiluctuosa (native),Half- Aethaloperca rogaa (native),Redmouthgrouper Thunnus tonggol (native)Bluefintuna,Longtail tuna Thunnus orientalis (native),Pacific bluefintuna Thunnus obesus (native),Bigeyetuna Thunnus albacares (native)Yellow fintuna Scomberomorus lineolatus (native)Streakedseer mackerel, Indo-Pacific king mackerel Scomberomorus guttatus (native)SpottedSpanish Scomberomorus commerson (native)Kingseer Scomber japonicus (native),Chubmackerel Striped bonito Sarda orientalis (native)Orientalbonito, Rastrelliger kanagurta (native),Indianmackerel Rastrelliger faughni (native),Islandmackerel Rastrelliger brachysoma (native),Shortmackerel Katsuwonus pelamis (native),Skipjacktuna Dogtooth tuna Gymnosarda unicolor Shark mackerel Grammatorcynus bicarinatus (questionable), Euthynnus affinis (native)Mackereltuna,Kawakawa Auxis thazard (native),Frigate tuna Auxis rochei (native),Bullettuna Acanthocybium solandri (native),Wahoo (native), Lesser tigertooth croaker (native) Dogtooth tuna, • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • blotch grouper Epinephelus melanostigma Dusky grouper Epinephelus marginatus (questionable), Malabar grouper Epinephelus malabaricus (native)Malabar rockcod, Epinephelus maculatus (native),Highfingrouper Epinephelus macrospilos Cephalopholis sexmaculata (native),Sixblotchhind Cephalopholis miniata (native),Coralhind Cephalopholis leopardus (native),Leopardhind Cephalopholis formosa (native),Bluelinedhind Cephalopholis boenak (native),Chocolatehind Cephalopholis aurantia (native),Goldenhind Cephalopholis argus (native)Balufana,Peacock hind Slender grouper Anyperodon leucogrammicus (native), Epinephelus longispinis (native),Longspinegrouper Epinephelus latifasciatus (native),Stripedgrouper Giant grouper Epinephelus lanceolatus (native)Bridlebass, Starspotted grouper Epinephelus hexagonatus (native), marbled grouper Epinephelus fuscoguttatus (native),Brown- yellow grouper Epinephelus flavocaeruleus (native),Blueand Epinephelus faveatus Epinephelus fasciatus (native),Blacktipgrouper Epinephelus erythrurus (native),Cloudygrouper Epinephelus epistictus (native),Dottedgrouper Epinephelus diacanthus Coral grouper Epinephelus corallicola (questionable), spotted grouper Epinephelus coioides (native),Orange- Whitespotted grouper Epinephelus coeruleopunctatus (native), Brownspotted grouper Epinephelus chlorostigma (native), Epinephelus chabaudi (native),Moustachegrouper Epinephelus bleekeri (native),Duskytailgrouper Epinephelus areolatus (native),Areolategrouper Diploprion bifasciatum (native),Barredsoapfish Cromileptes altivelis (native),Humpbackgrouper Chelidoperca investigatoris (native) Cephalopholis urodeta (native),Darkfinhind Cephalopholis sonnerati (native),Tomato hind (native), Barred-chest grouper (native), Spinycheek grouper (native), Snubnosegrouper (native), One- • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Sillaginidae (Smelt- • • • • • • • • • • • • Siganidae (Rabbitfishes) Epinephelus morrhua (native),Cometgrouper Epinephelus merra (native),Honeycombgrouper Sillago ingenuua (native),Baysillago Sillago indica (endemic),Indiansillago Sillago chondropus (native),Clubfootsillago Sillago aeolus (native),Orientalsillago Variola albimarginata Variola louti (native),Yellow-edged lyretail Pseudanthias squamipinnis (native),Seagoldie Pseudanthias conspicuus (native) Pogonoperca sp. (native),Soapfish Spotted coralgrouper Plectropomus maculatus (questionable), coral grouper Plectropomus areolatus Epinephelus undulosus (native),Wavy-lined grouper Greasy grouper Epinephelus tauvina (native)Greasyrockcod, Epinephelus spilotoceps (native), Foursaddle grouper Epinephelus rivulatus (native),Halfmoongrouper banded grouper Epinephelus radiatus (native), Oblique- Epinephelus quoyanus (native),Longfingrouper Camouflage grouper Epinephelus polyphekadion (native), Epinephelus polylepis (native),Smallscaledgrouper dash grouper Epinephelus poecilonotus (native),Dot- Epinephelus octofasciatus (native),Eightbargrouper Siganus virgatus (native),Barheadspinefoot Vermiculated spinefoot Siganus vermiculatus (native), Siganus stellatus (native),Brownspottedspinefoot Siganus spinus (native),Littlespinefoot Goldspotted spinefoot Siganus punctatus (questionable), Siganus lineatus (native),Golden-linedspinefoot Siganus javus (native),Streakedspinefoot Siganus guttatus Siganus fuscescens (native),Mottledspinefoot Siganus corallinus (native),Blue-spottedspinefoot spotted spinefoot Siganus canaliculatus (native),White- Siganus argenteus (native),Streamlined spinefoot (native), Orange-spotted spinefoot whitings) (native), Squaretail 59 Training manual in Molecular Biology and Biotechnology for Fisheries Professionals 60 Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute Trichiuridae (Cutlassfishes) • • Toxotidae (Archerfishes) • • • • • Terapontidae (Grunters ortigerperches) • Symphysanodontidae • • • • • • • • • • Sphyraenidae (Barracudas) • • • • • • • • Sparidae (Porgies) • • • • • • Toxotes jaculatrix (native)Bandedarcherfish Toxotes chatareus (native)Spottedarcherfish Terapon theraps (native) Bandedgrunter Terapon puta (native)Smallscaleterapon Terapon jarbua (native) Jarbuaterapon lined trumpeter Helotes sexlineatus (questionable),Six- Pelates quadrilineatus (native)Fourlined terapon Symphysanodon andersoni (native) Pampus chinensis (native)Chinesepomfret Pampus argenteus (native)Silverpomfret Sphyraena qenie (native),Blackfinbarracuda Sphyraena putnamae (native)Sawtoothbarracuda Sphyraena obtusata (native),Obtusebarracuda Sphyraena jello (native),Pickhandlebarracuda Sphyraena forsteri (native),Bigeyebarracuda Sphyraena flavicauda (native),Yellowtail barracuda Sphyraena barracuda (native),Great Sphyraena acutipinnis Sparidentex hasta (native),Sobaityseabream Rhabdosargus sarba (native)Natalstumpnose Crenidens crenidens (native),Karenteenseabream Cheimerius nufar (native),Santerseabream Argyrops spinifer (native),Kingsoldierbream Acanthopagrus latus (native)Yellow seabream Twobar seabream Acanthopagrus bifasciatus (native), Picnic seabream Acanthopagrus berda (native)Riverbream, Sillago vincenti (endemic)Estuarinewhiting Sillago soringa (endemic),Soringasillago Sillago sihama (native)Silversillago scale sillago Sillago parvisquamis (questionable),Small- Sillago maculata Sillago intermedius (native),Intermediatesillago (questionable), Trumpeter sillago (native), Sharpfinbarracuda • • • • • Trichonotidae (Sand divers) • • • • • • • • • • Bothidae (Lefteye flounders) Pleuronectiformes • Zanclidae (Moorish idol) • Xiphiidae (Swordfish) • Xenisthmidae • • • Uranoscopidae (Stargazers) • • • • Tripterygiidae (Threefin blennies) Eupleurogrammus muticus (native), Eupleurogrammus glossodon (native),Longtoothhairtail rayed frostfish Benthodesmus oligoradiatus Trichonotus setiger (native),Spottedsand-diver Trichonotus cyclograptus (native) Trichiurus russelli (native),Short-tailedhairtail Trichiurus lepturus (native),Largeheadhairtail Trichiurus gangeticus (native)Gangeticribbonfish Trichiurus auriga (native),Pearly hairtail ribbon fish Lepturacanthus savala (native)Smallheaded Coromandal ribbonfish Lepturacanthus pantului (native) Silver scabbardfish Lepidopus caudatus (questionable), Smallhead hairtail leopard flounder Bothus leopardinus (questionable),Pacific Arnoglossus tapeinosoma (native) lefteye flounder Arnoglossus aspilos (native),Spotless Zanclus cornutus (native),Moorishidol Xiphias gladius (native),Swordfish Gobiopterus smithi (endemic) Uranoscopus guttatus (native) Uranoscopus crassiceps (native) Ichthyscopus lebeck (native),Longnosedstargazer Helcogramma ellioti (native) Enneapterygius pusillus (native),Highcresttriplefin Enneapterygius fasciatus (native) Enneapterygius elegans (native),Hourglasstriplefin (native), Sparse- • • Pleuronectidae (Righteye flounders) • • • • • • • • Paralichthyidae (Large-tooth flounders) • • • • • • • • • • • • Cynoglossidae (Tonguefishes) • • • • • body righteyeflounder Poecilopsetta praelonga (native),Alcock'snarrow- righteye flounder Poecilopsetta colorata (native),Coloured sopt flounder Pseudorhombus triocellatus (native)Three Natal flounders Pseudorhombus natalensis (native), Malayan flounder Pseudorhombus malayanus (native), Javan flounder Pseudorhombus javanicus (native), Pseudorhombus elevatus (native),Deepflounder Ocellated flounder Pseudorhombus dupliciocellatus (native), Pseudorhombus arsius (native)Largetoothflounder Cephalopsetta ventrocellatus (native) Paraplagusia blochii (native),Bloch'stonguesole Doublelined tonguesole Paraplagusia bilineata (native)Fingerliptonguesole, Cynoglossus semifasciatus (native)Malabarsole Speckled toungesole Cynoglossus puncticeps (native) Cynoglossus macrostomus (native)Malabar-sole Cynoglossus lingua (native)Longtonguesole Roughscale tonguesole Cynoglossus lida (native)Shoulderspottongue, Cynoglossus dubius (native),Carrottonguesole tongue sole Cynoglossus cynoglossus (native),Bengal Hooked tonguesole Cynoglossus carpenteri (native), Fourlined tonguesole Cynoglossus bilineatus (native), Cynoglossus arel (native),Largescaletonguesole Threespot flounder Grammatobothus polyophthalmus Largescale flounder Engyprosopon grandisquama (native), Chascanopsetta lugubris (native),Pelican flounder Bothus pantherinus (native),Leopardflounder Bothus myriaster (native),Indo-Pacific ovalflounder (native), • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Soleidae (Soles) • • Samaridae (Flounders) • Psettodidae (Psettodids) • • • • Dasyatidae (Stingrays) Rajiformes • • • Pristidae (Sawfishes) Pristiformes • • Polymixiidae (Beardfishes) Polymixiiformes Zebrias zebra (questionable),Zebrasole Zebrias synapturoides (native),Indianzebrasole Zebrias quagga (native),Fringefin zebrasole Zebrias keralensis (native) Zebrias annandalei (native) Zebrias altipinnis (native) Commerson's sole Dagetichthys commersonnii (native), Dagetichthys albomaculatus (native)Kaup'ssole Soleichthys heterorhinos (native) Solea ovata (native),Ovatesole Solea elongata (native)Elongatesole,sole Pardachirus pavoninus (native),Peacock sole Pardachirus marmoratus (native),Finlesssole Liachirus melanospilos (native) Heteromycteris oculus (native),Eyedsole Brachirus pan (native)Pan sole Brachirus orientalis (native)Oriental-sole Aesopia cornuta (native),Unicornsole Longfinned flounder Samariscus longimanus (native), righteye flounder Samaris cristatus (native),Cockatoo Psettodes erumei (native)Indianhalibut Dasyatis pastinaca Megatrygon microps (native),Smalleyestingray Negatrygon kuhlii (native),Bluespottedstingray Hemitrygon bennetti (native),Bennett'sstingray Pristis zijsron (native),Longcombsawfish Largetooth sawfish Pristis microdon (native)Smalltoothsawfish, Anoxypristis cuspidata (native),Knifetoothsawfish Polymixia japonica (questionable),Silvereye Polymixia fusca (native)

(questionable), Common stingray 61 Training manual in Molecular Biology and Biotechnology for Fisheries Professionals 62 Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute • • • Rajidae (Skates) • Plesiobatidae (Deepwater stingray) • • • • • • • • • • • • Myliobatidae (Eagle andmantarays) • • • • • Gymnuridae (Butterfly rays) • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Orbiraja powelli (native),Indianringedskate Fenestraja mamillidens (native),Pricklyskate Dipturus johannisdavisi (native),Travancore skate Plesiobatis daviesi (native),Deepwaterstingray Rhinoptera javanica (native),Javanesecownoseray Mobula mobular (questionable),Devilfish Mobula kuhlii (native),Shortfindevilray Mobula japanica (native),Spinetailmobula Mobula eregoodootenkee (native), Pygmy devilray Mobula birostris (native),Giantmanta Banded eagleray Aetomylaeus nichofii (native)Nieuhof'seagleray, Aetomylaeus milvus (native) Aetomylaeus maculatus (native),Mottledeagleray Aetobatus ocellatus (native) Aetobatus narinari (native)Spottedeagleray Aetobatus flagellum (native)Plaineagleray Gymnura poecilura (native), Longtailbutterflyray Gymnura japonica,Japanesebutterflyray Aetoplatea zonura (native),Zonetailbutterflyray Gymnura tentaculata (native),Tentacled butterflyray Urogymnus asperrimus (native),Porcupine ray Taeniura meyeni (native),Blotchedfantailray Taeniura lymma (native),Bluespottedribbontailray Cowtail stingray Pastinachus sephen (native)Feathertail stingray, Brevitrygon walga,Dwarfwhipray Himantura undulata (native),Leopardwhipray Honeycomb stingray Himantura uarnak (native)Leopardstingray, Himantura marginatus (native)Blackedgedstingray Pateobatis jenkinsii (native),Pointed-nose stingray Brevitrygon imbricata (native)Scalystingray Maculabatis gerrardi (native),Sharpnosestingray Himantura fai (native),Pinkwhipray Freshwater whipray Himantura chaophraya (questionable), Pateobatis bleekeri (native)Whiptailstingray Telatrygon zugei (native)Pale-edged stingray Gymnura micrura,Smoothbutterflyray • • Rhinobatidae (Guitarfishes) • • • Salmonidae (Salmonids) Salmoniformes • • • • • • • • • armored gurnards) Peristediidae • • • • Dactylopteridae (Flying gurnards) • • Caracanthidae (Orbicular velvetfishes) • • Aploactinidae (Velvetfishes) • Apistidae Scorpaeniformes • Rhina ancylostoma (native),Bowmouthguitarfish Salmo trutta (introduced),Seatrout Oncorhynchus mykiss (introduced)Rainbowtrout Giant guitarfish Rhynchobatus djiddensis (native), Stripenose guitarfish Acroteriobatus variegatus (native), G. thouin (native),Clubnoseguitarfish guitarfish G. obtusus (native),Widenose Glaucostegus halavi (native),Halavi'sguitarfish Sharpnose guitarfish Glaucostegus granulatus (native), Rhinobatos annandalei(native)Annandale'sguitarfish Satyrichthys laticeps (native) Scalicus investigatoris (native) Dactyloptena peterseni (native),Starryflyinggurnard flying gurnard Dactyloptena orientalis (native),Oriental flying gurnard Dactyloptena macracantha (native),Spotwing Dactyloptena gilberti (native) coral croucher Caracanthus unipinna (native),Pygmy coral croucher Caracanthus maculatus (native),Spotted Cocotropus roseus (native) Acanthosphex leurynnis (native) Apistus carinatus (native),Ocellatedwaspfish G. typus (questionable),Giantshovelnoseray Salmo truttafario (introduced)Browntrout Salvelinus fontinalis (introduced)Brooktrout (Armored searobins or • • • • • • • • • • • • • Platycephalidae (Flatheads) • • • • • Synanceiidae (Stonefishes) • Setarchidae • • • • • • • • • • • • • rockfishes) Scorpaenidae (Scorpionfishes or Choridactylus multibarbus (native), Thysanophrys chiltonae (native),Longsnoutflathead Sunagocia otaitensis (native),Fringelip flathead spined flathead Suggrundus macracanthus Rogadius tuberculata (native), Tuberculated flathead Rogadius serratus (native),Serratedflathead Rogadius asper (native),Olive-tailedflathead Platycephalus indicus (native)Bartailflathead Kumococius rodericensis (native),Spinyflathead Inegocia japonica (native),Japaneseflathead Grammoplites suppositus (native), Spotfin flathead Grammoplites scaber (native)Roughflathead Sunagocia carbunculus (native),Papillose flathead Cociella crocodilus (native)Crocodileflathead Minous inermis (native),Alcock'sscorpionfish Obliquebanded stingfish Minous dempsterae (native), Inimicus sinensis (native),Spottedghoul Inimicus caledonicus (native),Chineseghoul Orangebanded stingfish Setarches guentheri (native),Deepwaterscorpionfish Leaf scorpionfish Taenianotus triacanthus (native), Humpback scorpionfish Scorpaenopsis gibbosa (native), Lowfin scorpionfish Scorpaenodes parvipinnis (native), Pterois volitans (native),Redlionfish Plaintail turkeyfish Pterois russelii (native)Russell'sfirefish, Pterois radiata (native),Radialfirefish Pterois mombasae (native),Frillfin turkeyfish Pterois antennata (native),Broadbarredfirefish Pteroidichthys amboinensis (native) Parascorpaena picta,Northernscorpionfish Ebosia falcata (native) Shortfin turkeyfish Dendrochirus brachypterus (native), Brachypterois serrulata (native) (native), Large- • • • • • • • • Triglidae (Searobins) • • • • • • Tetrarogidae (Wasp fishes) • Echinorhinidae (Bramble sharks) • Dalatiidae (Sleeper sharks) • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Ariidae (Sea catfishes) Siluriformes Synanceia verrucosa (native),Stonefish Minous monodactylus (native)Greygoblinfish Lepidotrigla omanensis (native),Omangurnard Lepidotrigla longipinnis (native) Lepidotrigla faurei (native),Scalybreastgurnard Lepidotrigla bispinosa (native),Bullhorngurnard Tetraroge niger (native) Snyderina guentheri (native),Günther'swaspfish Whiteface waspfish Richardsonichthys leucogaster (native), Pseudovespicula dracaena (native),Dracowaspfish waspfish Wispy Paracentropogon longispinis (native), Ocosia ramaraoi (native) Stargazing stonefish Trachicephalus uranoscopus (native), Echinorhinus brucus (native),Brambleshark Centroscyllium ornatum (native),Ornatedogfish Batrachocephalus mino (native)Frog-headed catfish Arius venosus (native),Veined catfish Netuma thalassina (native),Giantseacatfish Plicofolis layardi (native)Thinspineseacatfish Hemiarius sumatranus (native),Goatcatfish Arius subrostratus (native),Shovelnoseseacatfish Hemiarius sona (native)Sonasea-catfish Hexanematichthys sagor (native)Sagorcatfish sea catfish Plicofollis platystomus (native),Flatmouth Arius parvipinnis (native) Nemapteryx nenga (native) Arius maculatus (native)Spottedcatfish Arius gagora (native)Gagoracatfish Plicofollis dussumieri (native),Blacktipseacatfish Plicofollis tonggol (native),Roughbackseacatfish Netuma bilineatus (native),Bronzecatfish Arius arius (native)Threadfinseacatfish Pterygotrigla hemisticta (native),Blackspottedgurnard 63 Training manual in Molecular Biology and Biotechnology for Fisheries Professionals 64 Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute • • • Syngnathidae • Solenostomidae (Ghost pipefishes) • Fistulariidae (Cornetfishes) • shrimpfishes) Centriscidae (Snipefishes and • Aulostomidae (Trumpetfishes) Syngnathiformes • • • • • • • • • Synbranchidae (Swamp-eels) Chaudhuriidae Synbranchiformes • • • • • Sternoptychidae • • Gonostomatidae (Bristlemouths) Stomiiformes Solenostomus cyanopterus (native),Ghostpipefish Fistularia petimba (native),Redcornetfish Centriscus scutatus (native),Groovedrazor-fish Aulostomus chinensis (native),Chinesetrumpetfish Ophisternon bengalense (native)Bengalmudeel Monopterus roseni (native) Monopterus indicus (endemic)Bombay swampeel eel Monopterus hodgarti (endemic)Indianspaghetti- Monopterus fossorius (endemic)Malabarswampeel Monopterus eapeni (endemic) Monopterus digressus (native) Monopterus cuchia (native)Cuchia Monopterus albus (native)Riceswampeel Stomias affinis (native),Günther'sboafish Chauliodus sloani (native),Sloane'sviperfish Chauliodus pammelas (native) Stomiidae (Barbeled dragonfishes) Polyipnus spinosus (questionable) bristlemouth fish Gonostoma elongatum (native),Elongated Showy bristlemouth Cyclothone signata (questionable), Doryrhamphus excisus Choeroichthys sculptus (native),Sculpturedpipefish bodied pipefish Choeroichthys brachysoma (native), Short- (Pipefishes and seahorses) (native), Bluestripe pipefish • • • • • • • • • Diodontidae (Porcupinefishes) • • • • • • • • • • • Balistidae (Triggerfishes) Tetraodontiformes • • • • • • • • • • • • • Trachyrhamphus serratus (native) Alligator pipefish Syngnathoides biaculeatus (native), Phoxocampus belcheri (native),Rockpipefish Microphis insularis (native)Andamanpipefish Cyclichthys spilostylus (native),Spotbaseburrfish Cyclichthys orbicularis (native),Birdbeakburrfish Yellowmargin triggerfish Pseudobalistes flavimarginatus (native), Odonus niger (native),Redtoothedtriggerfish Melichthys niger (native),Blacktriggerfish Balistoides viridescens (native),Titantriggerfish Balistes vetula,Queentriggerfish Balistes rotundatus (native) Abalistes stellaris (native),Starrytriggerfish Microphis cuncalus (native)Crocodile-tooth pipefish Microphis brachyurus (native)Short-tailedpipefish Longnose seahorse Hippocampus trimaculatus (native), Hippocampus kuda (native),Spottedseahorse Hippocampus kelloggi (native),Greatseahorse Hippocampus histrix (native),Thornyseahorse seahorse, Seapony Hippocampus fuscus (questionable) Chilka Hippichthys spicifer (native),Bellybarredpipefish Hippichthys penicillus (native),Beadypipefish spotted pipefish Hippichthys cyanospilos (native),Blue- Lophodiodon calori (native),Four-bar porcupinefish Diodon hystrix (native)Spottedporcupinefish fish, Long-spineporcupinefish Diodon holocanthus (native)Blochedporcupine Sufflamen fraenatum Halfmoon triggerfish Sufflamen chrysopterum (native), tail triggerfish Rhinecanthus rectangulus (native),Wedge- Rhinecanthus aculeatus (native),Blackbartriggerfish spotted triggerfish Pseudobalistes fuscus (native),Yellow- Balistoides conspicillum (native),Clowntriggerfish Balistapus undulatus (native),Orange-linedtriggerfish (native), Masked triggerfish • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Tetraodontidae (Puffers) • • • • • Ostraciidae (Boxfishes) Thamnaconus modestoides (native),Modestfilefish Paramonacanthus tricuspis (native) • • • • • • • • • Monacanthidae (Filefishes) • Molidae (Molas orOceanSunfishes) Lagocephalus inermis (native) Smooth- Diamondback puffer Lagocephalus guentheri (native), Malabar pufferfish Carinotetraodon travancoricus (endemic) Carinotetraodon imitator (endemic) Canthigaster margaritata (native) Canthigaster coronata (native),Crownedpuffer sharpnose puffer Canthigaster bennetti (native),Bennett's eye puffer Canthigaster amboinensis (native), Spider- Arothron stellatus (native)Starblaasop Arothron reticularis (native)Reticulatedblowfish blow fish Arothron nigropunctatus (native)Blackspotted Arothron meleagris (native),Guineafowlpuffer Arothron immaculatus (native) Immaculateblowfish White-spotted puffer Arothron hispidus Tetrosomus gibbosus (native),Humpbackturretfish Ostracion nasus (native),Shortnoseboxfish boxfish Ostracion meleagris Ostracion cubicus (native),Yellow boxfish Lactoria cornuta (native),Longhorncowfish finned filefish Paramonacanthus oblongus (native),Hair- Hairfinned leatherjacket Paramonacanthus japonicus (native), Pig facedleatherjacket Paramonacanthus choirocephalus (questionable) Paraluteres prionurus Oxymonacanthus longirostris (native),Harlequinfilefish Lalmohania velutina (native) Anacanthus barbatus Aluterus scriptus (native),Scrawledfilefish Aluterus monoceros (native),Unicornleatherjacket Mola mola (native),Oceansunfish (native) White spotted blow fish, (native), Bearded leatherjacket (native), Blacksaddle filefish (native), Whitespotted

• • Triacanthidae (Triplespines) • • • • • • • • • • Caproidae (Boarfishes) Zeiformes • • • Torpedinidae (Electric rays) • • • • • • Narcinidae (Numbfishes) Order Torpediniformes • • Triacanthodidae (Spikefishes) • • tripod fish Pseudotriacanthus strigilifer Tylerius spinosissimus (native),Spinyblaasop spotted toadfish Torquigener hypselogeneion Burmese pufferfish Dichotomyctere nigroviridis (native) Dichotomyctere fluviatilis (native) Green pufferfish Ocellated pufferfish Leiodon cutcutia Lattice blaasop Takifugu oblongus (native)Latticeblaasop, Lagocephalus spadiceus (native)Chineseblaasop Green rough-backedpuffer Lagocephalus lunaris (native)Moontailblaasop, Lagocephalus lagocephalus (native),Oceanicpuffer backed blowfish Antigonia indica (native) Torpedo sinuspersici Torpedo panthera (native), Panther electricray Torpedo fuscomaculata Black-spotted torpedo Narke dipterygia (native),Spottailsleeperray Narcine timlei (native),Blackspottednumbfish Narcine prodorsalis (questionable),Tonkin numbfish Narcine lingula (native),Chinesenumbfish Narcine brunnea (native),Brownnumbfish Benthobatis moresbyi (native),Darkblindray Triacanthodes ethiops (native),Shortsnoutspikefish Trumpetsnout spikefish Macrorhamphosodes platycheilus (native), tail tripodfish Tripodichthys oxycephalus (native),Short- Triacanthus nieuhofii (native),Silvertripodfish tripodfish, Short-nosedtripodfish Triacanthus biaculeatus (native)Short-nosed

(native) Ocellated pufferfish, (native), Marbled electric ray (native) Long spined

(native), Orange- 65 Training manual in Molecular Biology and Biotechnology for Fisheries Professionals 66 Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute Vishwanath, W. &K.NebeshwarSharma(2005)Anew Ali,S.Jadhav&N.Dahanukar(2013). Raghavan, R.,J.Tharian,A. Froese, R.andD.Pauly. Editors.2006.FishBase.World Web Wide Suggested readings • • Zeidae (Dories) • Parazenidae (Parazen) • Zenopsis nebulosa (native),Mirrordory Zenopsis conchifer (native),SilveryJohndory Cyttopsis rosea (native),Rosydory Pacific boarfish Antigonia rubescens (questionable), Indo- Nemacheiline fish of the genus doi:10.11609/JoTT. o3277.3921-34. Western Ghats,India.J.ThreatenedTaxa 5(5):3921-3934; Cypriniformes: Balitoridae)fromSilentValley, southern Balitora jalpalli,anewspecies ofstoneloach(Teleostei: electronic publication. [1],version(05/2006) Schistura McClelland Kosygin, L.andW. Vishwanath(2005)Validity andredescription Ng, HeokHee(2005) Amblycepscarinatum,anewspeciesofhill Fishbase Vishwanath, W. and K. S. Devi (2005) A new fish species of the Vishwanath, W and Linthoingambi I. 2005. A new Sisorid catfish of Vishwanath, WandLinthoingambiI.2005.AnewSisoridcatfishof Ralf Britz,Krishna Kumar & Fibin Baby, 2012. Kurup, B.M.,T. G.ManojkumarandK.V. Radhakrishnan. Ramachandran(2005)AnewspeciesofPuntius Beevi, K.S.J.andA. Chalakudy river, Kerala, SouthIndia.J.BombayNat.Hist. 2005. Nat. Hist.Soc.102(2):201-203 the genus 65 sinense (Regan) fromIndia.J.BombayNat.Hist.Soc.102(1):61- of Raffles Bull.Zool53(2):243-249 stream catfish fromMyanmar(Teleostei: Amblycipitidae).The Percomorpha: Pristolepididae).Zootaxa3345:59-68 rubripinnis, anewspeciesoffishfromsouthernIndia(Teleostei: Soc. 101(2):195-197 Hist. Soc.102(1):83-85 (Cyprinidae, Cyprininae)fromKerala, India.J.BombayNat. from Manipur, India.J.BombayNat.Hist.Soc.102(1):86-88 genus Nat. Hist.Soc.102(1):79-82 (Cypriniformes: Balitoridae)fromManipur, India.J.Bombay Glyptothorax manipurensis Garra Salarias reticulatus,anewfreshwaterblennyfrom Glyptothorax Hamilton-Buchanan (Cypriniformes:Cyprinidae) Blyth from Manipur, India. J. Bombay G. Menon and record of G. Pristolepis