Satellite Services Regulatory Issues and Broadband Internet

1 Role of Broadband According to the Director of ITU/BDT: Broadband: • has become a key priority of the 21st Century, • is an enabler for economic and social growth • is a tool for empowering people, • creates an environment that nurtures the technological and service innovation, • triggers positive change in business processes

2 What is broadband? (1/2)

• “Broadband”, also referred to as “wideband”, is used frequently to indicate some form of high-speed access. • Broadband is frequently used to indicate an Internet connection at 256 kbit/s in one or both directions.

3 What is broadband? (2/2)

For the purpose of this presentation, the term broadband refers to data rates that correspond to the user rate of 2 Mbit/s and higher.

4 Why satellites for broadband delivery? (1/2) • Penetration of broadband levels in developing countries remain low: 4 subscriptions per 100 people compared to 25 in developed countries

• The answer is to deploy a network that has wide coverage, is able to overcome long distances and inhospitable terrain and can be rapidly put in place. This is not an easy task. • Satellite technology is ideally suited to achieve this task.

5 Why satellites for broadband delivery? (2/2) • Compared with terrestrial installations, remote sites can be deployed very quickly with satellite access

• Satellite broadband enables new applications that provide services to mobile sites – for example, ships, trains, planes and vehicles.

6 Trends in user application devices

Increasingly, Broadband is required on mobile personal devices

Fixed Broadband Growth Mobile Broadband Growth

7 Broadband Satellite – Advantages (1/4) • Ability to provide access to large geographical areas not served by telecommunications infrastructure and to serve as a “local-loop” in such areas

8 Broadband Satellite – Advantages (2/4) • Ability to serve as a “local-loop”

The Internet Backbone

Hub VSAT User

9 Broadband Satellite – Advantages (3/4)

• Instant infrastructure

• independent of terrain or distance

10 Broadband Satellite – Advantages (3/4) • Flexible Services Delivery:

• Education

• Health

• e-government

• e-commerce

11 Broadband Satellite – Advantages (4/4) • global, regional or national coverage- no ‘last mile issues • very high availability (up-time) compared with terrestrial solutions like fibre/copper cable or terrestrial wireless • reliability is unmatched in situations when natural disasters or acts of terrorism knock out other modes of communication. • Although satellites are generally designed for a 15 year life they often provide service for periods of 18 years or longer. 12 Broadband Satellite – Some Disadvantages (1/2) High Cost

However…. New satellites with high capacity – of the order of 100 Gbit/s coupled with multiple beams and multiple gateways, is resulting in a 100 to 1 reduction in cost per Mbps when compared to the 1 Gbit/s Ku band conventional satellites.

13 Broadband Satellite – Some Disadvantages (2/2) High Latency ( when using GEO Satellite's)

However…. Since latency is due to the distance between the satellites and the earth, satellites in lower earth orbits have less latency than geostationary satellite networks.

14 Choice of Satellite System Configurations for Broadband

Depends on: • requirement of geographical coverage • type of service (IP broadband, broadcast or multi- casting, emergency communication, mobile satellite, fixed satellite, etc.) • look angle of the satellite from ground stations (higher look angle means less ground noise), • availability of spectrum orbit resource • cost and designed life-time of satellite network, etc.

15 Satellite Orbits

MEO

LEO

GEO

• GEO- 35,786 km above the earth, Large round trip delays • MEO- 9,600-19,200 km above the earth, Short round trip delay • LEO- 160-800 km above the earth , Very short round trip delay Global Broadband Satellite Network Scenarios Access Network Content Distribution Core Network (end user <>edge) to the edge (Trunk Interconnect)

Point-to-point e.g. Point-to-Point + Multicast Multicast ISP Links between continents

•

Content LMDS ADSL

PoP

ADL: A symmetric digital subscriber line LMDS: Local point multipoint distribution system PoP: Point of Presence Source: Recommendation ITU-R S.1709-1 17 Resources for Satellite Broadband (1/3)

Need for Regulation To ensure optimised of use of scarce segments resources: • Spectrum

• Satellite Power

• Orbital Slots

Need for investment

• Infrastructure: Hubs, VSATs

• Human Resource Development

• Technology Research

18 Satellite Technology for Broadband

Introduction of multiple narrowly focused spot beams and frequency reuse makes the satellite capable of maximizing the available frequency for transmissions. Increasing bandwidth by a factor of 20 or more, as compared to traditional satellites translates into better efficiencies. Despite the higher costs associated with spot beam technology, the overall cost per circuit is considerably lower compared to shaped beam technology.

19 Satellite Technology for Broadband(1/4) The new generation Ka band broadband systems deploy spot beam technology where satellite downlink beams illuminate a smaller area of the order of 100s of kilometres instead of 1 000s of kilometres. The coverage looks like a honeycomb or a cellular pattern. This enables frequency reuse that results in a drastic increase in the overall capacity of the satellite. This is analogous to comparing a direct-to-home (DTH) broadcast signal to a cellular phone signal. New generation satellite broadband is being customized to address target markets, reduce bandwidth costs, and increase capabilities to meet the growth in subscriber population. The system capacity increase is 30 to 60 times the capacity of the Ku band FSS approach. This is what makes the spot beam technology economically attractive and a viable business proposition to meet the growing bandwidth demand of end users.

20 Satellite Technology for Broadband(2/4) HTS: Key Design Decisions: • Spectrum • Throughput • Architecture • Coverage • Efficiency

21 Satellite Technology for Broadband(3/4)

HTS can be developed in any frequency band: C, Ku, Ka. The frequency selection is driven by many considerations: • Coverage and beam size • Atmospheric conditions in the region that is being served • Availability of a robust ecosystem of ground technologies

22 Satellite Technology for Broadband(4/4)

The demand for broadband is rapidly exhausting the available capacity of existing Ku band satellites. The high bandwidth available in the Ka spectrum and frequency re-use capabilities across multiple beams enables the delivery of more capacity at faster speeds to smaller dishes.

23 Case Studies of Satellite Broadband Initiatives (1/7)

Europe • At least 13 million households were still beyond the range of ADSL (Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line) in 2012 and 17 million users access the Internet at speeds below 2 Mbps. • A significant portion of the rural population all over Europe there is no access to terrestrial broadband. • Although terrestrial broadband technologies are expected to play a vital role in the fulfilment of Europe’s broadband policy objectives, satellite broadband technology and especially the use of high throughput satellites with the use of multi-beam technology would play a major role in meeting these objectives at a much faster rate than their terrestrial counterparts.

24 Case Studies of Satellite Broadband Initiatives (2/7) Europe For the provision of broadband Internet access services across Europe and also a small area of the Middle East, KA-SAT, owned by Eutelsat is an example of satellite based broadband system for IP services that deploys spot beam technology. Positioned at its geostationary orbit location at 9° East, KA-SAT features high level of frequency reuse enabling the system to achieve a total capacity of more than 70 Gbps. It represents 38 times the capacity of a standard telecommunications satellite operating in Ku band. Each spot beam generates an area of connectivity about 250 km wide having a capacity of 900 Mbps. KA-SAT has a 82 beam structure.

25 Case Studies of Satellite Broadband Initiatives (3/7) Africa: Africa had an Internet penetration of only 10.9 per cent in 2010. An intergovernmental commercial satellite organization called RASCOM (Regional African Satellite Communications Organization) through RascomStar-QAF 39 (a private company registered in Mauritius) implemented RASCOM's first communications satellite project. RASCOM-QAF1R’s Ku band (12/14 GHz) covering two zones over Africa (North and South) provides TV broadcasting and high-rate Internet and C-band covering one single zone over Africa is used for thin route trunking and bandwidth lease service. RascomStar-QAF TElecommunication Services gateways are the connection points of the service to terrestrial PSTN networks.

26 Case Studies of Satellite Broadband Initiatives (4/7) O3b Networks O3b Networks are expected to bring higher capacity, lower latency, lower cost broadband access to more than 150 countries across Asia, Africa, Latin America and the Middle East. O3b Networks (where O3B stands for the “other three billion,” a reference to nearly half of the world’s population that has little or no access to the Web) satellites will continuously circle the Earth. As each satellite passes a region, it will pick up the Internet traffic there and then pass it to the next satellite before going out of range. The O3b Satellite Constellation is designed for telecommunications and data backhaul from remote locations.

27 Case Studies of Satellite Broadband Initiatives (5/7) O3b Networks Scheduled for commercial service in early 2013, O3b’s network was to initially be made up of eight satellites with plans to extend this to 16. The constellation is owned and operated by O3b Networks, Ltd. O3b satellites are deployed in a circular orbit along the equator at an altitude of 8 063 km (medium earth orbit). The satellites shall Ka band and provide optimal coverage between 45° North/South latitudes. Use of medium Earth orbit (MEO) will reduce the latency from 250 milliseconds (for a geostationary satellite) to approximately 100 milliseconds.

28 Case Studies of Satellite Broadband Initiatives (6/7)

Intelsat Networks As of March 2011, Intelsat operates a fleet of 52 communications satellites. Intelsat enables management of customer’s network across multiple satellite and regions with the use of only one hub station. This arrangement supports a number of applications, including: Web browsing, digital media streaming, e-mail, multicasting, file transfers, Wi-Fi hotspots, VPN, VoIP, extranet/Intranet, e-commerce, video conferencing, and distance learning. Intelsat’s commercial grade broadband access, faster than DSL, provides converged voice, data and video applications anywhere in the world. Intelsat ONE infrastructure of the Intelsat, allows multiple scalable networks to be built with a common hub platform using C band (4/6 GHz) and Ku band (11/14 GHz) frequencies. Intelsat’s broadband network offers per-site data rates of up to 18 Mbps on the outbound and 5.5 Mbps on the inbound. 29 Case Studies of Satellite Broadband Initiatives (7/7)

Inmarsat: As of 2012, Inmarsat had a current fleet of 11-satellites that provided mobile voice and data communications globally – on land, at sea or in the air. In 2010, Boeing, the US aerospace manufacturer, was contracted to build three Inmarsat- 5 (I-5) satellites. The first is scheduled for completion in 2013, with full global coverage expected by the end of 2014. This is a new constellation of Inmarsat-5 satellites that will form part of a new USD 1.2 billion worldwide wireless broadband network called Inmarsat Global Xpress™. Each Inmarsat-5 will carry a payload of 89 Ka band beams – capable of providing capacity across the globe and enabling Inmarsat to adapt to shifting subscriber usage patterns over their projected lifetime of 15 years. The Inmarsat Global Xpress™ network will take advantage of the additional bandwidth available in the Ka band to offer download rates of 50 Mbps and upload speeds of 5 Mbps from mobile user terminals as small as 60 cms. Services will be tailored initially for the government, energy and maritime markets. The Inmarsat-5s will operate independently from the L band satellites offering complementary services for a wide range of mobile and fixed solutions. At present, Inmarsat’s Broadband Global Area Network – BGAN – provides both simultaneous voice and data, globally, on land. With its standard IP data service, it provides the user with a data connection speed up to 0.5 Mbits/s 30 END

Questions?

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