Cover Design by: Arnold A. Villar Printed & Produced by: PHIVOLCS Publication Copyright: DOST – PHIVOLCS 2003

The ash ejection on 05 April induced related damage in the of the ” under a manned seismic stations. To rose to 1.5 km and deposited province. The earthquake was grant-aid of the Japan Interna- ensure continuity of providing traces of ash in the downwind associated with an 18-km long tional Cooperation Agency basic S & T services should HH iigghhlliigghhttss areas near the crater. On 7 ground rupture onland, which (JICA). The said JICA project the PHIVOLCS main office October, a faint crater glow, transected several barangays is now in its Phase II of im- operation be disrupted in the which can be seen only with of Dimasalang, Palanas and plementation. For future, a mirror station has Two volcanoes, continued for months that a the use of a telescope or night Cataingan. The team verified monitoring, it involves installa- been established in the Ta- and showed signs of total of forty-six (46) minor vision camera, was observed. the reported ground rupture, tion of radio telemetered gaytay seismic station. This unrest in 2003 prompting ash ejections occurred from 7 On 09 October, sulfur dioxide conducted intensity survey, seismic monitoring system in will house all equipment and PHIVOLCS to raise their Alert March to 23 July 2003. These emission rates rose to 2,386 disseminated correct informa- 8 active volcanoes. In addi- software required to record Level status. Both volcanoes explosions were characterized tonnes per day (t/d) from the tion regarding the event and tion to the regularly monitored and process earthquake data produced ash explosions al- by steam emission with minor previous measurement on 01 installed additional seismo- 6 active volcanoes (Pinatubo, during such emergency. though no damage was in- amounts of ash that rose from October of 1,616 t/d. Because graphs to monitor the after- Taal, Mayon, Bulusan, flicted on the surrounding set- 100 to 1,500 meters above of these observations, shocks of the M 6.2 earth- Kanlaon and Hibok-Hibok), PHIVOLCS implemented tlements. A major earthquake the active crater. The Alert PHIVOLCS raised the vol- quake. Some school build- new seismic stations were in- 12 internally-funded and 9 ex- with magnitude 6.2 occurred Level status remained until cano’s status to Alert Level 2 ings, roads, bridges and river stalled in Mt. Parker in South ternally-funded and collabora- at Masbate and caused dam- the end of the year as vol- on 11 October 2003. This flood control structures sus- Cotabato and Mt. Matutum in tive research projects. In its age to structures in the prov- canic earthquakes conti-nued alert status, which indicates tained damages estimated to Saranggani. information dissemination ince. to occasionally occur which that the activity is of magmatic be about nine million pesos. A campaign, PHIVOLCS ac- still signify the possibility of origin that could eventually comprehensive QRT Report For earthquake monitor- tively organized 6 seminar- Kanlaon Volcano in sudden steam and ash explo- lead to an eruption, was of Investigation with recom- ing, the JICA Phase II in- workshops and trainings for exhibited epi- sions. hoisted throughout the re- mendations to the local gov- volves the establishment of teachers, local government sodes of unrest throughout mainder of the year. ernment of Masbate was remote seismic stations and officials in the year. The initial activity The 2003 activity of Mayon submitted by PHIVOLCS to whose data will be transmitted Metro , Infanta, Batan- started on 20-22 January began on 30 January when a A relatively strong earth- the Province of Masbate after to the Data Receiving Center gas City, Lingayen and Ba- 2003 with increase in the brief episode of volcanic quake, with magnitude of 6.2, the 10-day investigation. at the Main Office in very near colod City. number of volcanic earth- tremor occurred. This event struck the southern part of real-time using satellite com- quakes. This activity was was followed by a small Masbate Island on February For the year, the Philip- munication. This type of short-lived that by 23 January, steam ejection in the after- 15, 2003. The epicenter of the pines’ 34-station network re- setup is the most efficient the earthquake count dropped noon of 31 January. No earthquake was about 28 km corded a total of 8,915 earth- method to conduct seismic to zero level. However, on 7 marked increase in the vol- southeast of Masbate City. It quakes, for an average of 24 monitoring since it will allow March, Kanlaon began exhib- cano’s activity was observed was felt at Intensity VII in the earthquakes recorded per PHIVOLCS to implement its iting small phreatic explosions until an explosion again oc- Masbate towns of Dima- day. The parameters (epicen- mandate of issuing earth- characterized by emission of curred from the crater on 17 salang, Palanas and Uson, In- ter, magnitude and depth) of quake information at a much steam with minor ash content. March 2003. The explosion tensity VI in Batuan and 1,001 detected earthquakes faster time thereby enabling This was again followed by produced an ash and steam Cataingan, Masbate, Intensity were determined. the Institute to serve the pub- another explosion that pro- column that rose to about one V in Masbate City, Irosin in lic better. At the same time, it duced a grayish steam col- kilometer above the summit. Sorsogon and Legaspi City, While Mayon and Kanlaon allows PHIVOLCS to upgrade umn on 17 March, which sug- Alert Level 1 was raised on Intensity IV in Palo, Leyte, were spewing ash, and a its instrumentation setup to gested that Kanlaon has en- the same day to remind the Naga City and Roxas City, In- magnitude 6.2 earthquake levels at par with more devel- tered a low-level episode of public of ongoing activity and tensity III in Cebu, Intensity II with minimal but significant oped countries minus the ex- unrest. Because of this, the to reiterate the restriction of in Anini-y, Antique and Inten- damage occurred in Masbate, pensive manpower and oper- Alert Level was raised from 0 entry into the 6-km Permanent sity I in Lezo, Aklan. A Quick PHIVOLCS was also busy in- ating and maintenance costs to 1 and the public was re- Danger Zone around the vol- Response Team (QRT) was stalling new observation sta- required for this kind of en- minded not to venture inside cano. Three more episodes of deployed to Masbate Island tions under the project “Im- deavor. In addition, broad- the 4-km Permanent Danger ash explosions occurred on on 18 February to evaluate provement of Earthquake and band seismographs were also Zone. The mild unrest 05 April and 06 & 14 May. the extent of the earthquake- Volcano Monitoring Network established in several

Table 1. Kanlaon Volcano’s Activities in 2003 Chronology of Events VV oollccaannoo MMoonnii ttoorriinngg HEIGHT ACTION DATE TIME OBSERVATIONS (m) TAKEN/REMARKS The year 2003 was a very busy and brief and small, the ash column rose only to Fig. 1. January 2001 ash explosion at Mayon Vol- 07 March 1250H – 1300H 500 - 1000 Mild ash ejection; drift: SW; Advisory issued on 08 fruitful year for PHIVOLCS. Timely volcano less than 100 m. above the crater rim. Only cano. A similar event oc- 2003 traces of ash at Cabagnaan March 2003 alerts were hoisted over Kanlaon in Negros trace ash deposits were observed along curred last 17 March 2003 17 March 0400H – 0600H 300 Ash ejection; drift: SE Advisory issued (0800H) and Mayon Volcano in Albay. Both volca- downwind areas NW & SW of the crater. 2003 Traces of ash at Cabagnaan Alert Level 1 raised (1400H) noes produced ash explosions although no 23 May 2003 1351H – 1405H 300 – 500 Dirty white steam damage was inflicted partly because of dili- On 7 October, faint crater glow seen 01 June 2003 0846H – 0858H 500 Dirty white steam drifting SE-NW gent monitoring and enhanced awareness to only with telescope or night vision camera 03 June 2003 1002H - 1015H 500 – 700 Dirty white steam drifting NW avoid the danger areas. While Mayon and was observed (Figure 2). The glow was per- 04 June 2003 0515H – 0600H 300 – 700 Dirty white steam drifting NW 07 June 2003 0519H – 0530H 500 – 1000 Ash ejection; drift SE Kanlaon were spewing ash, PHIVOLCS was sistent and appeared to be sourced from 08 June 2003 0601H – 0605H 500 – 1000 Ash ejection; drift: SE; Alert Level 1 reiterated also busy outfitting new radio-telemetered lava deposits inside the crater. Sulfur Diox- 0637H – 0645H traces of ash at City seismic stations in 8 active volcanoes. In ide emission rates on 9 October rose to proper, Upper Mananawin, Masu- log, Linothangan, Alebabay & Lu- addition to the regularly monitored 6 active 2,386 tonnes per day (t/d) from the previous cap volcanoes, new seismic stations were em- measurement of 1,616 t/d of 1 October 09 June 2003 0604H – 0605H 500 – 1000 Dirty white steam drifting SE placed at Mt. Parker in South Cotabato and (Figure 3). As a result of these observations, 0637H – 0645H 0843H – 0854H Mt. Matutum in Saranggani as part of the PHIVOLCS raised the volcano’s status to 10 June 2003 0607H – 0612H 500 – 1000 Dirty white steam drifting SE improvement of earthquake and volcano Alert Level 2 on 11 October 2003. 0705H – 0710H monitoring system (Phase II) project as- 1421H – 1435 sisted by JICA. Electronic tiltmeter readings at both 11 June 2003 0551H – 0600H 1000 Dirty white steam drifting SSE 1804H – 1825H 500 – 1000 Dirty white steam drifting SE Buang Junction (elevation 250 m and 7.5 Fig. 2. Mayon Volcano’s crater glow in March 2003 12 June 2003 0730H, 0750H, 500 – 1000 Dirty white steam drifting SE km NNW of crater) and Mayon Rest House as taken by a night vision 0900H, Volcanic Activities 1754H – 1805H (elevation. 790 m) showed slow and mild in- camera 2109H – 2130H flationary trends. Seismic activity was Mayon Volcano 13 June 2003 0519H – 0530H 500 – 1000 Ash ejection; drift: SE slightly above normal. However, volcanic 0647H – 0756H 500 Ash ejection; drift: SSE, ESE; Alert Level 1 reiterated

earthquakes and tremors rarely occurred traces of ash SW of Canlaon Vol- The 2003 activity of Mayon began on towards the yearend. cano, Masulog (8 km from the 30 January when a brief episode of volcanic crater), Biaknabatao (7 km), Ca- bagnaan (11 km), Old Fabrica (6 tremor occurred. This event was followed by km), Upper Mansalanao (7 km) & a small steam ejection in the afternoon of 31 Sag-ang (10 km) January. No marked increase in the vol- 0733H – 0740H 100 – 150 Ash ejection; drift: SE cano’s activity was observed until an explo- 0751H – 0758H 14 June 2003 0601H – 0607 300 Dirty white steam drifting SSE sion again occurred on 17 March 2003. The 17 June 2003 0820H – 0835H 100 – 200 Ash ejection; drift: NNE explosion produced an ash and steam col- 1115H – 1130H Kanlaon Volcano umn that rose to about one kilometer above 18 June 2003 0701H – 0712H 100 – 200 Ash ejection; drift: NE; 0743H reflected as LFVQ (SX) with 4 the summit (Figure 1). This event was re- On 7 March 2003, a mild ash and 1420H – 1430H 100 – 400 mm MDA corded as a high-frequency type seismic steam emission occurred at Kanlaon. The 01 July 2003 0641H – 0650H 100 - 150 Dirty white steam drifting SW signal signifying a sudden release of pres- 03 July 2003* 1543H – 1548H 700 - 1000 Dirty white steam drifting SE-SW steam clouds rose up to 1,000 meters above sure. No significant increase in the vol- 1549H – 1557H 500 - 700 Dirty white steam drifting SW its summit (Figure 4). Traces of ash were 04 July 2003* 0515H – 0522H 700 – 900 Ash ejection; drift: NW cano’s seismicity level was noted prior to the observed at Cabagnaan located 5.5 kilome- 10 July 2003 1735H – 1748H 1000 Ash ejection; drift: SW-NE, NW explosion although the sulfur dioxide emis- 11 July 2003 0620H – 0624H 1000 –1300 Dirty white steam drifting SW ters south of the crater. PHIVOLCS issued sion rate was measured at 890 tonnes per 0658H – 0705H 600 - 800 an advisory the following day notifying the 13 July 2003 0555H – 0604H 1300-1500 Ash ejection; drift: NW, SW day – a value above the normal level. Alert public of the volcano’s growing unrest. An- 0613H – 0650H 600 - 800 Ash ejection: drift: NW Level 1 was raised on the same day to re- other small ash ejection followed on 17 14 July 2003 0506H – 0510H 800 – 1100 Ash ejection; drift: SW mind the public of ongoing activity and reit- 0615H – 0622H 600 - 800 March 2003. These developments erated the 6-km Permanent Danger Zone 19 July 2003 0803H – 0810H 500 - 800 Dirty white steam drifting SE & prompted the raising of the alert status of NE around the volcano. Kanlaon Volcano to Level 1. After a brief 20 July 2003 1515H – 1525H 800 - 1000 Ash ejection; drifting SE & NE 1526H – 1540H 500 - 700 Ash ejection; drifting SE & NE lull, a minor ash explosion again occurred Three more episodes of ash explosions 23 July 2003 1418H - 1425 600 - 800 Ash ejection; drift: NW & SE on 23 May. This was followed by a series of occurred on 5 April and 6 & 14 May. The mild explosions in June and July (Table 1). *Moderate dirty white steam rising 700-900 m & drifting NW was observed from 1513H (03 July) – 0520H (04 July) ash ejection on 5 April rose to 1.5 km. On Some of these ash explosions produced at Cabagnaan station. the other hand, the 14 May event was very

Fig. 3. 2003 Sulfur Dioxide Emission Rate, Mayon Volcano

vertical ash-laden steam columns as high as 1,500 meters above the volcano’s summit. The volcano’s latest explosion on 23 July also produced a similar-sized ash column. This event was followed by a decline in the volcano’s activity.

Seismic activity remained slightly above normal, dominated by low frequency- type earthquakes. An increase in the daily occurrence of volcanic earthquake counts was noticed from mid January to July 2003. Epicenters of some high frequency type events were located near the active crater and occurred from shallow depths to 18 kilometers. From June to July, an increase in the number of recorded low frequency- type volcanic earthquakes and low fre- quency short duration tremor dominated the seismic activity of the volcano. This marked Fig. 4. Ash explosion at Kanlaon Volcano on 07 March 2003. The ash column rose to increase coincided with the episodes of as high as 1000 m above the summit. phreatic explosions from 01 June to 23 July 2003. After the 23 July ash explosion, seis- mic and steaming activities returned to low Temperatures from the Main Crater levels. Pinatubo Volcano were constantly within the baseline level, usually from 29 to 300C. The color of Pinatubo Volcano was quiet throughout the Crater Lake did not change indicating 2003. Volcanic earthquakes rarely occurred the absence of agitation at the lake’s floor or In summary, forty-six (46) minor ash and steaming was not observed. Also, no turnover. Only minor bubbling was ob- ejections occurred in 2003. These explo- significant lahar flow event was also de- served along the northern shore. Thermal sions were characterized by steam emission tected or reported. activity at the 1999 reactivated vent, located with minor amounts of ash that rose from at the NE sector of the Main Crater Lake, 100 to 1,500 meters above the active crater. Bulusan Volcano was unremarkable as only very weak steam The prevailing wind dispersed traces of ash emission was observed. Thermal values ob- mainly to the southwest and southeast sec- Bulusan Volcano remained quiet during tained from ground probe holes #1 to #6 at tors and settled predominantly over the mid- the entire 2003. Steaming activity varied Mt Tabaro eruption site were also within the dle and upper slopes of the volcano. Only from wispy to weak and temperature read- usual values measured during quiet and traces of ashes were observed at ings of hotsprings were within baseline level. normal periods (260C to 300C). Kanlaon City proper, Masulog, Upper Seismic activity was also unremarkable as Mananawin, Alibabay, Lucap, Biak-na-bato, no significant volcanic earthquake occurred Cabacungan, Sitio Old Fabrica, Cabagnaan, and very low seismicity prevailed. Hibok-Hibok Volcano Upper Mansalanao, Sag-ang, Guinpanaan, Manghagnoy, Guintubdan, and Linothangan Hibok-Hibok Volcano in Camiguin Is- (Figure 5). land, Northern Mindanao was also very Taal Volcano was quiet and normal all quiet. As in previous years, the volcano ob- throughout the year. Monitoring data indi- servatory seismograph rarely detected vol- Throughout the end of the year, the cated that Taal Volcano’s level of activity canic earthquakes. No unusual volcano- alert status of Kanlaon Volcano remained at remained low. These were shown by low related activity was also observed or re- Level 1. Although seismic activity had de- levels of local seismicity and stable thermal ported. Steam emission at the volcano's up- clined to low levels since October, low fre- values of the Main Crater Lake and Mount per southeast slope and at Kanangkaan quency volcanic earthquakes occasionally Tabaro Eruption Site. Other monitored pa- Lava Flow was generally weak to nil. occurred which signify the possibility of sud- rameters also did not show any significant den explosions. changes. Fig. 5. Extent of areas affected by ashfalls from Kanlaon Volcano in June 2003

M 6.6 Can-Avid Eastern Samar, 19 quake similar to the 15 February 2003; November 2003 • Identification of evacuation sites and MMaassbbaattee EEaarrtt hhqquuaakkee evacuation routes so that local inhabi- The second biggest earthquake hap- tants would know where to go in case E arthquake M onitoring of major earthquakes or whenever the Earthquake Monitoring pened on November 19. This damaged the town of Can-Avid in Eastern Samar. Its epi- QQRRTT IInnvveessttii ggaattiioonn need arises that they have to evacuate For the year 2003, the 34-station M 6.8 Earthquake SW Cotabato, 26 center was about 69 km NE of Borongan, their residence. seismic network of PHIVOLCS recorded a May 2003 Samar. Its depth was shallow-seated at 45 A Ms 6.2 earthquake struck Masbate Dimasalang, Palanas and Cataingan. Some total of 8,915 earthquakes for an average of km. Its magnitude (Ms) was 6.6. It was also province at 7:01 PM of 15 Feburary 2003. school buildings, roads, bridges and river 24 earthquakes recorded per day. The biggest earthquake in terms of size felt at Intensity VII in Can-Avid, Samar, In- The earthquake was located offshore at flood control structures sustained damages for the year was on May 26. This event had tensity VI in Borongan, Samar, Intensity V in Magcaraguit Island (12.2N, 123.8E), ap- estimated to be about nine million pesos. The year also marked the installation of a surface magnitude (Ms) of 6.8 and its epi- Catbalogan and Calbayog, also in Samar is- proximately 28 km east of Masbate City with remote seismic stations and provision of central location was at about 114 km SW of land, Intensity IV in Catarman, Samar and in depth of 28 kilometers. The quake was felt A comprehensive QRT Report of Inves- broadband sensors in selected manned- Cotabato City. Its depth was 562 km and Palo, Leyte, Intensity II in Legaspi and Lapu- all over the island of Masbate including the tigation was submitted by the team to the seismic stations as part of the JICA assisted hence, was felt only at a maximum of Inten- lapu Cities. According to the OCD, one per- nearby provinces of Bicol, Leyte, Panay, Province of Masbate after the 10-day inves- project. sity III in the town of Sulu in Jolo province. son died and 17 others were injured. OCD Cebu, Negros and Romblon. tigation. also estimated its damage cost to be about Seismicity for 2003 and Significant 23 million pesos. With the initial report of damages sub- Some of the recommendations in the Earthquakes mitted by Masbate Seismic Station, a Quick report are the following: Response Team (QRT) was deployed to The network recorded a total of 8,915 Masbate Island on 18 February to evaluate • Detailed mapping of the whole Febru- earthquakes for an average of 24 earth- the extent of earthquake-related damages in ary 2003 ground rupture and continu- quakes recorded per day. The parameters the province. The team verified and mapped ous measurements of the horizontal (epicenter,magnitude and depth) of ap- the reported ground rupture, conducted in- and vertical displacements to monitor proximately 11% of this number were de- tensity survey, disseminated correct infor- possible post earthquake deformation; termined. Figure 6 shows the seismicity of mation regarding the event and installed ad- • Installation of permanent benchmarks the Philippines for the year 2003 as deter- ditional seismographs to monitor after- along the Masbate Segment where fu- mined by the PHIVOLCS seismic network. shocks of the Ms 6.2 earthquake. ture movement will be measured more 147 earthquake bulletins were also issued to extensively; the public. The three strongest earthquakes The earthquake was associated with • Encourage the local populace to mark (with magnitude 6 and above) for 2003 oc- an 18-km long ground rupture onland, which the location of the ground rupture as a curred in Masbate, southwest Cotabato and transected several barangays of reminder of the active fault location and Samar. prevent future inhabitants in con- structing houses within the 5m- M 6.2 Masbate Earthquake, 15 Febru- buffer zone from the active fault ary 2003 or from the deformation caused by the ground rupture; A magnitude (Ms) 6.2 earthquake • More intensive information cam- struck the southern part of Masbate Island paign in Masbate Island to allay on February 15. It was associated with a 18- fears of future large magnitude km long ground rupture onland. The epicen- earthquakes; ter was about 27 km SE of Masbate, Mas- • Establish links with local baran- bate. It was felt at Intensity VII in the Mas- gay officials in noting time and bate town of Dimasalang, Intensity VI in the date of felt earthquakes in their towns of Masbate, Intensity V in Irosin, Sor- localities; sogon and Legaspi City, Intensity IV in Palo, • Immediate and thorough study Naga, Intensity III in Cebu, Intensity II in An- on the structural soundness of all ini-y, Antique and Intensity I in Lezo, Aklan. structures, both engineered and The Office of Civil Defense (OCD) estimated non-engineered, by the con- damage cost of about nine million pesos cerned authorities; (see inset report on Masbate QRT). • Active participation of the Disas- ter Coordinating Councils from all

levels in terms of disaster pre- Displaced coconut tree found in Bgy. Matug- paredness prior to large events naw, Palanas (above photo, looking SE). Also Epicenter of the main shock and rapid damage assessment manifested along the ground rupture in this Fig. 6. 2003 seimicity and signicant earthquakes after a large magnitude earth- area were mole tracks (below photo)

Operation and Maintenance of the Digital Seismic Telemetry Network of PHIVOLCS-JICA – Project on the Improvement of the Earthquake and Volcano Monitoring Net- Metro Manila, as the country's premier political and economic capital, is also prone work of the Philippines (PHASE II) to earthquake hazards. At present, the population of Metro Manila is 10 million and The Phase II of the JICA-supported project “Improvement of the Earthquake and this continues to rise. An active fault, the Volcano Monitoring Network of the Philippines” continued this year. This project aims Valley Fault System (VFS), cuts it in an al- to upgrade the seismic and volcano monitoring network of the Philippines. Unlike most northerly fashion. Other earthquake Phase I, which concentrated on the improvement of the regional seismic network, source zones that caused past damages surround the metropolis, too. Thus, a radio- Phase II includes a major augmentation of the country’s volcano monitoring systems. telemetered seismic network in Metro Ma- nila was established in 1992 and is being Earthquake Monitoring maintained by PHIVOLCS. With this teleme- tered network for Metro Manila, it is hoped This project directly benefits the seismic monitoring network as it will increase that PHIVOLCS will be able to detect possi- significantly the number of seismic stations within one year’s time. From 1990 to ble foreshocks that may originate from any 2000, the number of manned station rose only from 12 to 34. With the JICA Phase II of the nearby earthquake source zones project, the total number would almost double from 34 to 64. Aside from this, no ad- JICA Phase II seismic moni- around Metro Manila. Hopefully, before any torin g system at El Nido, ditional manpower would be needed as the new seismic stations will be unmanned of these earthquake source zones especially Palawan the VFS move in the future, the stations will and data will be sent out automatically via satellite communications. To ensure be able to detect these foreshocks and safety of the instruments, memoranda of agreement between PHIVOLCS and the PHIVOLCS can use this information to give appropriate lot owners were prepared and finalized in the early part of the year. By sound advise and warning to the public. end of 2003, 26 remote stations had been installed and had started to transmit seis- The remote stations are located at Norzaga- mic data to the Data Receiving Center (DRC) of the Main Office. The JICA project ray, Bulacan, Mt. Natib, Puerto Azul, Los also established additional broadband stations. By end of 2003, new broadband in-

Banos with a central receiving station at the struments had been established in seven, manned seismic stations (Pasuquin, Tag- Main Office. For the year, the network data bilaran, Puerto Princesa, Bislig, Palo, Cagayan de Oro and Roxas City). Several were also used in the parameter determina- trainings were held in various aspects of seismology, data processing, management tion to augment the data of the national and analysis and in instrumentation operation and maintenance. More importantly, to seismic network.

ensure that PHIVOLCS will continue to deliver its mandates to the public even if the Main Office building is damaged by any disaster in the future, a mirror station was Operation and maintenance of Com- prehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty developed at Seismic Station that shall contain seismic equipment and software similar to the setup at the Data Receiving Center. (CTBTO) Auxilliary Station JICA Phase II volcano moni-

toring system at Kanlaon For the year 2003, PHIVOLCS oper- Volcano Monitoring Volcano ated and maintained the 2 seismic stations and 1 radio-relayed station for the Compre- Project Phase IIA was highlighted by the delivery of a package comprised by hensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBTO) to which thirty sets of 3-component short-period seismometers, 10 electronic tiltmeters and 10 the Philippines is a signatory. The Tagaytay dual-frequency GPS receivers. Included in this project phase was the outfitting of one Seismic Station maintains the STS-2 broad- seismic observation point each for the active volcanoes Mt. Parker and Mt. Matutum band seismograph and a VSAT antenna from CTBTO. in Mindanao. However, the major activity for Phase IIB was the establishment of a basic three-seismic station monitoring system for Taal, Pinatubo, Mayon, Bulusan,

Kanlaon and Hibok-Hibok. Each new monitoring network is complemented by a com-

plete data acquisition, reduction and processing system in the respective volcano ob-

servatories. Among the many new features of this sophisticated volcano data proc-

essing system is the employment of spread spectrum radio-telemetry effectively con-

figured as a wireless Local Area Network. Each volcano observatory has modern computer facilities designed to be reliable, automated, energy-saving and environ-

mentally-friendly.

Seminars/Trainings/ Workshops on Dis- Table 2. PHIVOLCS LECTURES FOR 2003 Publications aster Preparedness: Seminar-Workshop for Teachers No. of Total The PHIVOLCS Publication group pro- lectures no. of duced and printed the following new materi- SS&& TT SSeerrvviicceess A Seminar-Workshop for School Regions Field Stations at- lec- als: (1) Taal Volcano Flyer (500 copies); (2) tended/S tures/R occurrence certifications. Furthermore, a to- Teachers: Understanding Natural Hazards tation egion Earthquake! What to do before, during and tal of 301 certifications related to lahar and was held at the PHIVOLCS Receiving Room National Capital Region Main Office, UP Campus Diliman Q.C. 136 136 after an earthquake flyer (5,000 copies); (3) PHIVOLCS continued to provide ser- active faults were issued. on May 22-23, 2003. Twenty eight (28) high Pasuquin Seismic Station 12 Safeguard Life and Investments by Under- Region I Ilocos 14 vice to the public by continuing with its school teachers from Metro Manila and one Santa Seismic Station 2 standing Geologic Hazards (5,000 copies); seismic data management. For 2003, 147 Promotion of Geologic Hazards science teacher from partici- Callao Seismic Station 1 (4) Kanlaon Profile (500 copies); (5) Moni- Region II Cagayan Valley 1 earthquake bulletins and 89 volcano bulle- Awareness and Preparedness pated in the seminar-workshop. The work- Basco Seismic Station 0 toring Philippine Active Volcanoes: Kanlaon tins were issued. A total of 32 request lec- shop was organized to (1) help strengthen CAR Cordillera Administrative Region Seismic Station 23 23 Volcano (500 copies) and (6) Volcanic Haz- tures were attended to by PHIVOLCS tech- The year 2003 is another active year the role of teachers in the promotion of dis- Region III Central Palayan Seismic Station 7 7 ards at Kanlaon Volcano (500 copies). The nical personnel. aster awareness, preparedness and mitiga- production of information materials for for the promotion of hazards awareness and Guinyangan Seismic Station 4 preparedness. PHIVOLCS continued with its tion among students, (2) familiarize partici- Lucban Seismic Station 3 Kanlaon was supported by the Grant from Seismic Data Processing and Man- thrust and mandates on public education pants on the concepts of natural hazards, Region IV Southern Tagalog Puerto Princesa Seismic Station 0 12 National Disaster Coordinating Council agement and Volcano and Earth- through various activities that include the disaster, disaster awareness, preparedness Tagaytay Seismic Station 4 (NDCC) (Figure 10). Puerto Galera Seismic Station 1 quake Hazards Assessment organization of one internally-funded semi- and mitigation; (3) familiarize the partici- nar-workshop for teachers, production of six pants with basic underlying concepts and Region V Bicol Masbate Seismic Station 12 12 Aside from these, the following materi- Antique Seismic Station 13 PHIVOLCS continued with its man- (6) new printed materials and reprinting of theories about geologic and meteorologic 25 als were reprinted: (1) Earthquake and Region VI Western Kalibo Seismic Station 3 hazards; and (4) to develop strategies and Earthquake Hazards (3,000 copies); (2) agement and processing of seismic data various previously produced PHIVOLCS Roxas Seismic Station 9 with the following aims: (1) determine earth- materials. In addition, four new sets of ex- ways of teaching natural hazards (Figure 8). PHIVOLCS Flyer (3,000 copies); (3) Philip- Lapu-Lapu Seismic Station 1 pines’ Six most active Volcanoes (2,000 quake parameters (epicenter, depth and hibits about earthquakes and volcanoes Region VII Sibulan Seismic Station 0 6 magnitude) using data from the Philippine were put up. Tagbilaran Seismic Station 5 copies). As a regular undertaking, the publi- cation group also produced the PHIVOLCS seismic network; (2) maintain an updated Region VIII Eastern Visayas Palo Seismic Station 11 11 Lectures/ Film showing on Disaster Pre- Annual Report 2003 (50 copies) and earthquake catalog; (3) attend to earthquake Dipolog Seismic Station 4 Region IX Western Mindanao 11 PHIVOLCS Observer Volume 14 no. 1 (300 data requests and maintain seismic data ex- paredness Zamboanga Seismic Station 7 copies), Vol 14 no. 2 is for final printing. In change with international seismological insti- Davao City Seismic Station 27 Region X Northern Mindanao 45 addition the PHIVOLCS publication group tutions. This acitivity ensures the systematic The PHIVOLCS main office hosted 114 Cagayan Seismic Station 18 in-house lectures, attended by a total of was tapped to produce the Program and and efficient processing and management of Region XI Southern Mindanao General Santos City Seismic Station 10 10 the data generated by the PHIVOLCS seis- 7,484 students and teachers from various Abstracts Volume for the Geological Society Region XII Central Mindanao Kidapawan Seismic Station 5 5 mic monitoring network. The processed schools in and outside Metro Manila. In ad- of the Philippines (GSP) GEOCON 2003. Bislig Seismic Station 0 data are stored in a systematically formatted dition, PHIVOLCS Staff from the main office Fig. 8. Teachers’ seminar on Natural Hazards. Region XIII Caraga 5 PHIVOLCS also provided technical support Surigao Seismic Station 5 earthquake catalog for easy sorting and re- attended to 22 requests for lectures on vol- for this activity. ARMM Autonomous Region of Muslim Cotabato Seismic Station 0 0 trieval by future users. cano and earthquake preparedness. Mean- Exhibits Mindanao while, 187 requests for lectures were at- Library Services and documentation and TOTAL 323 323 For 2003, PHIVOLCS attended to 134 tended to by our personnel from various For the year 2003, the following exhib- reproduction of information materials data requests. Ninety one percent (91%) of field stations (Table 2). its were put up: the data requests were for seismicity maps The PHIVOLCS S&T Library continued and catalogs while 19% were for certifica- 1. National Science and Technology to provide information needs to various re- tions of earthquake occurrences. In terms Week Exhibit (NSTW) (Philippine Trade searches. In the year 2003, the library enter- of clientele, 52% came from the private Training Center, 14-18 July) tained 505 researchers. Only subscriptions companies, 25% were from students and 2. Permanent Exhibit at the Masbate Sta- to two international journals on volcanology 23% were from government agencies (Fig- tion (Figure 9) and seismology were made. To enrich the ure 7). The project also produced a hard- 3. Mini-exhibit at Palo, Leyte Station databank of the Institute, books and journals bound compilation of earthquake data which 4. Davao-DOST Exhibit were catalogued and database of the library includes phase readings, earthquake loca- collection was encoded. tions and solutions, seismicity maps and fo- The exhibit group refurbished the dis- cal mechanism solutions for the Philippines. play set at Taal Volcano Buco Station and For the year, PHIVOLCS attended to A CD-ROM of seismic waveforms has also participated in NSTW Fair Exhibit for Min- 346 requests mostly from students who are been compiled for use of future researchers. danao Cluster (October 2003). In addition, doing projects for their school, for duplica- PHIVOLCS attended to six (6) requests to tion of significant photographs on earth- In addition, PHIVOLCS also attended borrow our mobile exhibit set for school sci- quake impacts and volcanic eruptions, and to 148 requests for earthquake catalogue ence fairs and other institutions or agencies video features on volcanoes and earth- and maps, as well as 24 earthquake such as United Nations Development Pro- quakes. Fig. 7. Distribution of SOEPD clientele for 2003. gramme among others. Fig. 9. PHIVOLCS exhibit at Masbate Station

sible due to peace and order situation in Mindanao.

A spot survey of the geologic condition, RR&& DD PPrroojjeeccttss examination of the water chemistry and in- terviews were made to determine the cause a INTERNALLY-FUNDED both volcanoes were closely monitored and of hot water discharge in some wells at RESEARCH PROJECTS evaluated all throughout the year. Barangay Tabon, Talim Island located inside the . QRT investigation was Ground Deformation Studies of Ac- also conducted to determine the nature and For the year 2003, PHIVOLCS carried f tive Volcanoes possible cause of the observed damages to out 12 internally-funded research projects some of the school buildings at Balon Ele- on volcano, earthquakes and disaster miti- Ground deformation studies were mentary School, Balon , Mariveles, d e gation. mainly centered on Mayon Volcano. Elec- Bataan. Technical paper in the form of ROI

tronic tiltmeters and precise level instru- were written for the QRT investigations. Gas Geochemistry studies on volca- ments were used to monitor a growing un- noes rest. The electronic tiltmeter located at the Identification and Characterization of northwest upper slope (Buang) and at Active and Potentially Active Volca- The frequency of measurements of S02 Fig. 10. Various flyers produced by PHIVOLCS in 2003 include (a) Taal Volcano Profile; (b) MHRO reported mild and slow changes in noes in the Philippines emission rate using Correlation Spectrome- Safeguarding Life and Investments by Understanding Geologic Hazards; (c) Kanlaon Profile; ground tilts, probably related to new magma (d) Monitoring Philippine Active Volcanoes: Kanlaon Volcano; (e) Volcanic Hazards at ter or COSPEC was intensified at Mayon intrusion. Precise leveling survey also indi- Kanlaon Volcano and (f) Earthquake! Don’t Panic… You must know What to do BEFORE, On the long-term, the program aims to Volcano after its status was assessed to be cated slight inflation. However, precise level- generate volcano-geologic maps, not only DURING and AFTER an earthquake. at Alert Level 1 on 17 March 2003. Sulfur ing survey conducted from 03 - 14 Decem- for active volcanoes in the Philippines but Dioxide (SO2) flux output increased to 890 ber indicated slight deflationary trend based also for the 22 potentially active volcanoes tonnes per day (t/d). Since then SO2 emis- on previous reading. in the Philippines. Eleven geologic maps out PHILIPPINE c sion rate further increased and persistently of the 22 active volcanoes and 9 out of the INSTITUTE OF remained at high levels with values of up to b Hazards Mapping of Active Volca- 22 potentially active volcanoes have been more than 3,000 t/d in May. Sulfur Dioxide noes in the Philippines generated since the start of the program. (SO2) flux output showed values of >2,000 For 2003, Suiro () and Banahaw vol- t/d until early December then decreased to GIS Laboratory Development and Development and Operation of Man- improve much of the speed of Internet ac- The long-term objective of the program canoes were selected as the focus of activi- 636 t/d by 29 December 2003. Maintenance for Disaster Mitigation agement Information System cess. A proxy server is defined as a server is to generate hazard maps for all the active ties since preliminary mapping activities

Applications that sits between a client application, such volcanoes in the Philippines. For 2003, the were conducted in 2002. Studies on water wells and springs The Management Information System as a web browser, and a real server. It inter- two main output of the program were: 1) Under this program, the project, “Mod- Group (MIS Group) was formally reorgan- cepts all requests to the real server to see if around Mayon Volcano generation of GIS-based database for Taal The revision of the geologic map of eling Lake Breakout Using TOPSAR DEM: a ized this year. The improvement of the it can fulfill the requests itself. If not, it for- with proper input of the existing hazards in Banahaw Volcano was completed in 2003 case study of Parker Crater Lake” was pro- PHIVOLCS web site was the priority activity wards the request to the real server. PHIVOLCS continued with its regular the event of an eruption, and 2) the revision (Fig. 12). This map was based on topog- posed for the PCASTRD- Project. Full im- of the group. The website was designed ac- monitoring of water wells around Mayon. raphic map and SAR image interpretations, As a replacement of dial up Internet of the hazard map of Parker Volcano. plementation of the project is expected in cording to the specifications of DOST for all The water level and/or flow rate of reference review of published literatures and field in- connection, the Digital Subscriber Line 2004. DOST-attached agencies. The first upload- wells and water springs located around vestigation. The map generated shall be the (DSL) was used. The DSL is cheaper, more The Taal database project produced ing of improved web site was done in the Mayon Volcano were periodically measured, basis for future mapping activities including reliable and faster. This service no longer four preliminary maps showing the elements The collaboration with the Hawaii Insti- middle of the year. The web site address is but data revealed no considerable relation- sampling, and for initial hazard assessment required expensive equipment or a second at risks and lifeline data (Figs. 11 a-d). Once tute of Geophysics and Planetology (HIGP), www.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph and it contains ship between the on-going volcanic activity in the event of any volcanic unrest in the fu- phone line. The DSL is "always on" service completed, the database will facilitate quick University of Hawaii at Manoa resulted to much useful information about felt earth- to the ground water. ture. The field mapping activities for Suiro that provide instant access and do not re- identification and assessment of risks in- the acquisition of available satellite data quakes, Philippine volcanoes, programs and (Biliran) was cancelled due to budgetary quire a connection to be established for volved around Taal and vicinity. It will also from HIGP in July and November and utili- outputs of the Institute. Spot Seismic Monitoring at unmoni- constraints that prompted streamlining and each session. This gives greater reliability be used in disaster mitigation and manage- zation of these data for various research in- tored active and inactive volcanoes prioritization of projects to be carried out. and flexibility, and has led to the ease of ment planning down to the barangay level. volvement at PHIVOLCS. Some areas were The Internet protocol (IP) addresses of Internet connection sharing by office net- pre-processed using ENVI and cartographi- the computers of the institute were changed The project was focused on seismic In spite of the restrictions posed by the work. This DSL connection will act as a back The geospatial data and statistical in- cally enhanced using Adobe Photoshop. to private IP’s because of the installation of monitoring of active volcanoes showing scarcity of financial resources and the peace up in case the PREGINET connection is formation used were gathered from munici- Printouts of image files were made and ana- a proxy server. Instead of all the client com- signs of unusual activity. Outputs are in the and order situation in the field areas se- down. In order for the DSL to be shared to pal and provincial governments of lyzed. The data was archived in CDs. Like- puters accessing the Internet together, the form of Reports of Investigation and Data lected for 2003, accomplishments were many computers, a DSL proxy server was and . Graphical and tabular data wise, an assessment of the usefulness of proxy server will act as’storage’ of frequently Reduction Reports. Because of the activities still generated. A preliminary deposit map of configured. were processed using ArcInfo and MapInfo the satellite data provided by HIGP was ini- accessed web sites, so that it will not be manifested by both Kanlaon and Mayon, for Kitanglad Volcano was generated using software to form a GIS relational database tiated in 2003. It is hoped that the satellite necessary for the client computers to con- year 2003, project activities were centered 1:50,000 topographic map and SAR images system. Final revision of the existing hazard data will be useful for volcano- and earth- nect to the real origin servers. Since it is on the seismic monitoring at Kanlaon and in response to the current seismic swarms map for Parker Volcano will be completed in quake-related activities planned for 2004. more time consuming to connect to the real Mayon volcanoes. The seismic activities of 2004 because field verification was not pos- being recorded in Cagayan de Oro which servers, the presence of a proxy server will

Field surveys were conducted in June and December 2003 at selected river sys- tems draining from Pinatubo Volcano in or- der to reassess lahar and related hydrologic hazards with the intention of revising the lahar and flood hazards maps. Three river systems were investigated namely Pasig- Potrero, Sacobia-Bamban, and Sto-Tomas- Marella. One of the most significant geo- morphic change noted along the Pasig- Potrero River was the migration of the apex of the alluvial fan 5 km downstream as reck- oned from the June 2003 field survey. This information is important in assessing the rate and degree of stabilization of the river’s gradient. No significant changes were ob- served along the Sacobia and Sto. Tomas- Marella river systems except of continuing heavy siltation along the river channels. Ad- ditional investigations will be conducted along the Bucao River during the 1st quarter of 2004 in order to finalize reassessment and revision of the lahar anf flood hazards maps, as well as to conduct more detailed mapping of the deposits from the crater lake breakout.

Another important research in 2003 was the evaluation of lahar hazards on two adjacent but hydrologically distinct water- sheds in Mayon Volcano. The research was aimed at understanding how lahars at Mayon can be initiated and where they are Fig. 12. Banahao geological map likely to flow by studying two adjacent river channels, Mabinit-New Bonga and Buyuan. The conclusion drawn was that erosion of source sediments (mainly pyroclastic flow was related to movement along the Ca- during each eruptive activity. Identification deposits) is faster in Buyuan due to the fol- banglasan Fault. With the potential for trig- and assessment of lahar-prone areas done lowing conditions, as validated by evidence gering volcanic unrest of the nearby Kitang- through detailed field mapping can graphi- in the field: 1) variability in depositional con- lad Volcano, a potentially active volcano, cally be represented by lahar and flood haz- ditions (e.g. emplacement of eruptive prod- there was a need to identify volcanic haz- ards maps. These hazards maps "...strives ucts) played a significant role in the process ards and possible extent of these hazards. to present severe but reasonable predictions and rates of initiation; 2) Buyuan has [of areas that may be affected] for planning steeper slope (both pyroclastic flow surface National Lahar Mapping Program purposes" (Pierson and others, 1992). and active channel) than Mabinit-New Bonga; 3) the Mabinit pyroclastic deposits Lahars at Pinatubo and Mayon brought had poorer sorting and greater mean grain In the past, death, destruction of struc- about by the recent eruptions in 1991 and size than those at Buyuan; and 4) the de- tures, and disruption of lifelines resulted 2000-2001, respectively, resulted in devas- posits at Mabinit had faster infiltration rates from major lahar events during and after tations. These events were generally trig- than in Buyuan. The results of the research major eruptions of some of the active vol- gered mainly by intense rainfall brought by could be crucial information for the evalua- canoes in the Philippines. Moreover, with monsoon rains and passing typhoons. To tion of short- and long-term lahar hazards Fig. 11. Elements at risks maps of Taal Volcano rainfall occurring in varying degrees this day, the PHIVOLCS lahar team is com- and risks of areas adjacent to Mayon. In the throughout the year, low- to large-magnitude pelled to conduct investigations and reas- future, the same factors tested for the study lahars are expected to pose threat to com- sessment of the threat of lahar occurrences could be applied to the other river channels munities adjacent to affected river channels and flooding in these volcanoes. at Mayon or in other volcanoes. Further infil-

tration tests and period geodetic surveys and 5) as resource persons in various local successfully negotiated, thus saving Tsunami Hazards Awareness and possible seismic hazards and the severity of strict enforcement of the building code and along these two channels could be done in and international fora. PHIVOLCS more than P300,000 in fund Preparedness the impacts to population, buildings, life- retrofitting of critical structures. To realize order to validate the results of the study. cost. A technical report is currently in pro- lines, road networks and other elements at the above objectives, the simulation tool Hazard Mapping of Active Faults gress and will be completed in 2004. The project aims to determine the level risks, which is highly needed to generate should be developed in such a way that it Coordination and continuing dialogue of awareness on earthquake-related haz- necessary information for guiding civil de- will be simple and easy to use. For this year, with local government units (LGUs), and The main objective of this program is to Program for the Conservation of Cul- ards of key officials as well as residents of fense officials and disaster managers in the modeling of four seismic hazards were non-government organization (NGOs) were delineate the active fault systems in the tural Heritage Sites identified tsunami vulnerable areas in Metro making quick, timely and reliable decisions continued as well as the building up of the also an important function of the program. A country. The main output will be an updated Manila. For the year, collection of available for deploying rescue and relief operations. risk database was conducted. Figure 13 dialogue with Bacolor municipal officials and active faults map of the Philippines with cor- This project is a collaborative project socio-economic information was under- The second objective is the minimization of shows REDAS ground shaking results for a businessmen on the current and projected responding paleoseismic database. between PHIVOLCS and the National Cul- taken and a key informant survey was con- seismic risk by convincing land use July 16, 1990 scenario earthquake. lahar hazard status of Bacolor, Pampanga tural Center for the Arts (NCCA). The pro- ducted at the coastal areas of Las Pinas, planners, policy makers and city planners was conducted upon the invitation of the For 2003, the activities undertaken in- to consider hazards in their planning and ject aims to evaluate the seismic hazards of Paranaque and Pasay. A total of 10 key in- PCASTRD-funded Project: “Estab- Mayor. cluded: 1) mapping of the Philippine Fault the four UNESCO heritage sites in the Phil- formants, mostly social welfare officers, city development efforts. The provision of this Zone (PFZ) (/Masbate), 2) pa- ippines (San Agustin Church, Paoay engineers and health officers were inter- simple and easy to use simulation tool will lishment of a GPS Ground control Seismic Hazards Identification Pro- leoseismic study for the Valley Fault System Church, Santa Maria Churchand Miag-ao viewed using a prepared set of question- give them a deeper understanding and ap- Network and a Continuous Base Ref- gram (VFS), 3) preparation of technical papers Church) as well as of the 26 Philippine colo- naires. All the disaster coordinating councils preciation of the earthquake hazards and erence Station for Monitoring Ground showcasing results of the mapping done, nial churches in the country. Aside from the revealed that typhoons and floods are the risks and will thus motivate them to prepare Deformation at Mayon Volcano The program is aimed at identifying and 4) participation in local and international site evaluation, the project also taps primary hazards that they are more familiar and do more serious planning and intensive and evaluating earthquake-related hazards. conferences. The new mapping data gener- PHIVOLCS to conduct ambient vibration of with in terms of experience because of its formulation of effective disaster prevention As part of an effort to establish state-of- Two projects were conducted for 2003, ated for the PFZ in central Luzon and Mas- these structures to evaluate integrity of more common occurrence in their area. Al- policies such as serious land use regulation, the-art monitoring capabilities for Mayon, a mapping and assessment of liquefaction bate will be incorporated in the existing ac- these valuable and sometimes, fragile struc- though earthquake hazards are included in hazards and tsunami hazards mapping and tive faults map of the Philippines while the tures. For 2003, a strong motion instrument the their actions plans and preparedness assessment. The main objectives of the liq- new set of dates for the VFS will help im- was installed at San Agustin Church and a measures, the awareness of residents and uefaction project include: 1) identifying the prove our understanding of the behavior of review of historical earthquakes that af- official,ls need to be determined. Detailed direct and potentially damaging conse- this active fault. All of these data are valu- fected these structures was conducted. survey will be conducted in year 2004. quences of earthquakes on the ground, par- able in seismic hazards and risk assess- ticularly those due to liquefaction, and gen- ment efforts of the Institute. On the other Seismic Hazard and Risk Assess- erate a digital liquefaction hazard map for hand, participation in local and international ment of Laoag City EXTERNALLY-FUNDED and conferences and similar venues enable re- the Philippines; 2) establishment of a data- COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH base of borehole and water-well information searchers to interact with other geoscientists The project “Seismic Hazard and Risk PROJECTS that will be used to map the distribution of and promote international collaborative pro- Assessment of Laoag City” is a collaborative various soil cover and their geotechnical jects. project between the University of Hongkong characteristics; and 3) summary report of (UHK), Mines and Geosciences Bureau PHIVOLCS-Indiana University- the results. As part of the PHIVOLCS-Kyoto Uni- (MGB) and PHIVOLCS. This project aims to UNAVCO Taal Global Positioning versity Collaborative Project on Mapping of conduct seismic hazard and risk assess- System Important accomplishments for the pro- the Philippine Fault Zone in Luzon Island, ment of Laoag City. Laoag City was se- ject are: 1) preliminary Liquefaction hazard Philippines, airphoto interpretation and field lected as it is one of the more seismically The GPS monitoring network at Taal is map for General Santos City, including digi- mapping were conducted in August and De- active regions in northern Luzon, has been a continuing collaborative project between tal geologic map; 2) digitized geologic maps cember 2003. One of the significant output affected by damaging earthquakes several PHIVOLCS, Indiana University and of Cebu City, Laoag City, Davao City, Cota- was the mapping and documention of previ- times in the past, and it is proximal to sev- UNAVCO. There are 12 GPS stations on bato City for REDAS; 3) digitized strati- ously unrecognized evidence for the fault eral active earthquake source zones. To Taal Volcano Island and a master GPS sta- graphic logs of MMEIRS borehole and inter- extensions between the Digdig and San study possible site response, three strong tion in Tagaytay. This fruitful collaboration pretation of depositional environment. Jose Faults and between the San Jose and motion accelerographs were installed at has already generated one major research San Manuel Faults. Two trenching sites Laoag Elementary School, Barangay Zam- publication on the magma dynamics and For the tsunami hazards mapping and were identified, 1) north and south of , boanga and in the Ilocos Norte Water Dis- ground deformation published last October assessment, the main accomplishments for Nueva Ecija along the Digdig Fault and 2) trict office. The stations recorded 17 events, in the Journal of Geophysical Research. 2003 were: 1) an update of the tsunami southern extension of the San Jose Fault. five of which had felt intensities. hazard map for Eastern Mindanao, 2) tech- Establishment of a Rapid Earthquake nical paper on the Davao del Sur Tsunami Mapping of the on land extension of the Geotechnical boring were also con- Damage Assessment of the Philip- Philippine Fault Zone in Masbate island was of 1991 that was revised for publication, 3) ducted for seven sites in the city to know the pines (REDAS) technical paper entitled Tsunami Simulation documented and completed in 2003. thickness of sediments necessary for con- that was accepted for publication in a refe- ducting site response and liquefaction stud- A DOST-GIA project called “Establish- reed journal, the Journal of the Geological Under the VFS Mapping Project, exter- ies. ment of a Rapid Earthquake Damage As- Society of the Philppines, 4) production and nal funding of the C14 processing of 10 sessment System” (REDAS) continued to be distribution of tsunami posters at various samples from the trenching site along the implemented. REDAS aims to develop a field stations for information dissemination, West Valley Fault in Rodriguez, Rizal was Fig. 13. REDAS ground shaking results for a July 16, 1990 earthquake scenario. system that can give rapid estimate of the

Grants-In-Aid (GIA) project is presently (UNDP). The project has twofold aims: one the proper response to earthquake replicate these workshops were among the under implementation by PHIVOLCS. The is to study possible correlation between shaking while in a grocery, fast food and most suggested follow up activities. Table 3 project is entitled “Establishment of a GPS variations in crustal stress values and occur- movie houses had to be addressed by this shows the seminars conducted on the Ground control Network and a Continuous rences of earthquake. This aim is consid- module. The project thought of a TV/movie CSCAND project. Base Reference Station for Monitoring ered to be in the research stage. The sec- plug to accomplish this task. The script was Ground Deformation at Mayon Volcano, ond aim is to tap community participation in conceptualized by the PHIVOLCS staff and Philippines” and is funded by the Philippine earthquake observation. To achieve the first this went through a series of editing together Council for Advanced Science and Technol- aim, PHIVOLCS and the Chinese scientists with the Philippine Information Agency ogy R&D, Department of Science and Tech- from the United Nations Global Programme (PIA). Film shooting was done using the nology (DOST). The project mainly supplies for the Integration of Public Administration earthquake simulator located inside the logistical support for setting up GPS stations for the Science of Disasters (UNGP-IPASD) PHIVOLCS compound. The simulator was and requisite data retrieval. Equipment for installed in ten communities in Luzon Island designed to look like the background of the the project already exists in PHIVOLCS, in 2000 a crustal stress monitoring setup three scenarios presented in the plug. The courtesy of the JICA-PHIVOLCS project. consisting of sensors and recorders TV/movie plug was shown for several The objective is to surround Mayon with a (PHIVOLCS Annual Report, 2000). Instead months for more than 220 movie houses na- dense network of GPS receivers to accu- of scientists doing the daily crustal stress tionwide and in three government TV chan- rately detect ground deformation which may readings, local volunteers were tapped and nels. accompany volcanic unrest. Traditional trained on how to conduct the readings geodetic methods, mainly by manual meas- themselves. They were also taught how to The CSCAND project also conducted urements are painstaking and tedious. The relate possible changes in their environment four earthquake awareness and prepared- use of GPS provides a distinct advantage by with occurrence of earthquakes. The first ness workshops for schools in the National Fig. 15. Participants of the Earthquake Awareness Seminar-Workshop for Local and Barangay Officials of Lingayen are shown assessing one of providing three-dimensional (X-Y-Heights) two years of the project, from 2000 to 2002, Capital Region (NCR) and three CSCAN the buildings during the town watching exercise. positions of predetermined points with great was concentrated on imparting the crustal communities. The target audience for the precision and accuracy. Each site need not stress technology, specifically how earth- NCR consisted of school superintendents be in line of sight of each other which pro- quake parameters are determined from the and disaster action officers of the Depart- vides flexibility in layout of the stations. At crustal stress data, through the holding of a ment of Education school superintendents present, the network layout is nearly com- series of technology transfer workshops from the NCR. Unlike other earthquake plete and 9 of about 11 stations are already among PHIVOLCS and local volunteer ob- preparedness workshops, the workshop for logging position data. Temporal changes in servers by the Chinese scientists. the DepEd school superintendents was Fig. 14. Mr. Narag demon- strates to the student the Earthquake Disaster Mitigation Pro- position of these predetermined points conducted to encourage them to conduct proper way of protecting ject on the Development of Earth- around the volcano, in combination with This year, the CSCAN has evolved into earthquake drills more regularly by teaching herself during an earth- other geodetic and geophysical data should a new phase through a project called “Col- them how simple and doable the procedure quake. This is called the quake and Tsunami Mitigation Tech- provide scientists with a better picture of lective Strengthening of Community for actually is (Figure 14). The venue of the “duck and cover” tech- nologies and Their Integration in the nique. what is happening beneath the volcano. Natural Disasters (CSCAND)”. The main workshop and which was also the target of Asia-Pacific Region (EdM-EqTAP) This information shall be used to make im- development is that CSCAND is now in- the earthquake drill was the Bago Bantay proved assessments of the ongoing Mayon volved in harnessing community awareness Elementary School in Bago Bantay, The project “Development of Earth- unrest. A downstream benefit to the com- for all kinds of natural disasters. To institu- City. quake and Tsunami Mitigation Technologies munity from this project is to provide local tionalize this, the National Disaster Coordi- and Their Integration in the Asia-Pacific Re- governments accurate ground control points nating Council (NDCC) made CSCAND a Three other community awareness gion (EqTAP) is being implemented through for their municipal/city planning. In addition, subcommittee of the Preparedness Commit- workshops were held in three CSCAN sites: a collaborative project with the Earthquake with one station to be made permanent, re- tee of the NDCC through order no. 25 dated Batangas City, Lingayen, Pangasinan and Disaster Mitigation Research Center (EdM), searchers will be able to make differential September 30, 2003. Under the newly- Infanta, Quezon. The target audience a research center of the National Research GPS corrections by accessing the evolved CSCAND, PHIVOLCS continued consisted of city/municipal officials, disaster Table 3. Seminars conducted on the CSCAND project Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Pre- PHIVOLCS GPS reference data. This data the operation and maintenance of the coordinating council members, barangay of- vention (NIED) of Japan. The main aim of should be useful to researchers involved in crustal stress network. Data were sent by ficials and local school heads. The work- Title of Seminar Location, Date Number of Participants EqTAP is to develop disaster reduction mapping and remote sensing. local volunteers and continuously analyzed. shops were designed in such a way that it Earthquake Awareness Seminar- Villa Elena Resort, In- 86 - Barangay leaders, city disaster co- technologies for the Asia-Pacific regions and For the community awareness part, a series will both give information lectures about Workshop for Local and Barangay fanta Quezon, ordinating council members (CDCC) and to integrate them into “Master Plan for of community awareness activities were earthquakes but at the same time, teach Officials of Infanta September 17-18, 2003 school heads Earthquake and Tsunami Disaster Mitigation Collective Strengthening of Commu- National Teachers Con- Earthquake and Volcano Awareness 168 - Barangay leaders, city disaster co- nity Awareness for Natural Disasters conducted. The first was the production of a them simple steps on how to observe their ference Center, Batan- appropriate to the Asia-Pacific Region”. Seminar-Workshop for Local and ordinating council members (CDCC) and movie/TV plug on earthquake preparedness environment for possible changes before gas City, EdM has chosen Metro Manila as a case (CSCAND) Barangay Officials of Batangas City school heads inside a crowded place such as a shopping earthquakes, how to identify hazardous October 27-28, 2003 study for using EqTAP technologies in a Gulf Restaurant at Bod- mall. The aim is to create a public education places in the their communities and identify Earthquake Awareness Seminar- 99 - Barangay leaders, city disaster co- project aptly called the Metro Manila Case The project Crustal Stress and Com- jie’s. Lingayen, Pangasi- Workshop for Local and Barangay ordinating council members (CDCC) and module that will inform mallgoers on the possible solutions through an embedded ac- nan November 17-18, Study (MMCS). Since Metro Manila is a munity Awareness Network (CSCAN) is a Officials of Lingayen school heads collaborative project between PHIVOLCS, proper steps to take once earthquake shak- tivity called “town watching activity” (Figure 2003 large area, three cities have so far been the ing occurs. Since the purpose of a typical 15). For Batangas City, volcano-related top- Bago Bantay Elementary focus of EqTAP studies. These are Manila, selected local government units and the Preparing our School Children for 134 - superintendents and officials in the School, Quezon City No- Marikina and . United Nations Development Programme Filipino family or group of friends when they ics especially related to Taal Volcano were Earthquake: Workshop NCR region visit a mall is to eat, shop or watch a movie, included in the lecture list. Activities that will vember 25, 2003

Seismic Vulnerability of Manila events were recorded by the 12-station net- work for the year. This is the highest Studies conducted in Manila are seis- number of data gathered during the net- mic vulnerability using remote sensing, mi- work’s six year operation which started in crotremor observations of Intramuros and 1998. This brings the total number of earth- San Agustin Church, ground motion model- quake events to 55 and the number of ing near active faults, seismic vulnerability of waveform records to 159. school buildings and development of digital strong motion database in Metro Manila. NDCC-CALAMITY FUND-sponsored Since, risk management framework being activities for Kanlaon and Mayon adopted by EqTAP follows a procedure that Volcanoes and Masbate necessitates the need to communicate and consult with stakeholders of a given area, Frequent ash explosions in Mayon Vol- Fig. 16. EDM-EqTAP Stakeholders Workshop participants (photo by P Reniva) two workshops were held in March and Sep- cano starting January 2003 prompted tember 2003 that aimed to inform and con- PHIVOLCS to intensify monitoring activities, sult with local government officials, school and deploy more instruments and experts. teachers and other important stakeholders (UP Geography) and PHIVOLCS. The the Metro Manila Development Author- These activities were quickly followed by a of the city of Manila about the studies being first draft of survey questionnaire was fin- ity (MMDA). MMDA is the co-implementor magnitude 6.2 earthquake in Masbate. To done for making their city safe from the ished and presented in of this project. PHIVOLCS participated ac- Fig. 17. Ms. Lynn Melosantos of PHIVOLCS lectured community participants at Nofuente Compound at augment its limited operational budget, negative effects of future earthquakes. The September 2002 during the EDM-EqTAP tively in various activities of this project spe- Bry. Cupang, Muntinlupa City PHIVOLCS sought the assistance of the Na- workshops also gathered from them other meeting held at the Mandarin Hotel, Makati. cifically in the development of the ground tional Disaster Coordinating Council (NDCC) studies they think are important and culled shaking model, site response study, dam- for a calamity fund to finance not only the implement activities such as earthquake drill some areas are more frequently damaged suggestions on how these results can be As initial activity prior to the survey, a age assessment, GIS-development and required expenditure to properly monitor the that could raise earthquake awareness and that other places. In order to obtain the in- better be used by the city and its various workshop for the student-enumerators was community-based disaster management ef- volcanic situation and issue timely warning ensure that these residents will respond ap- herent characteristics of these frequently stakeholders. Figure 16 shows the partici- conducted on 10-11 April 2003 at forts. to the concerned public in Mayon and propriately when earthquakes occur. damaged sites and compare them with more pants of the September 9, 2003 workshop. PHIVOLCS in order to orient the 20 student Kanlaon but also the cost of the needed Proper action when earthquakes occur may stable areas, 12 instruments were installed enumerators to the objectives of the project, Most of the activities of the Community documentation and public awareness cam- save lives. Figure 18 shows one of the and have been operating in the metropolis Development of a Space-Time GIS sys- its expected outcomes, as well as give im- Based Disaster Management (CBDM) under paign. The project could be subdivided into multi-storey mass housing buildings being for the last five years in cooperation with the tem for the city of Makati. portant points on how to administer the the MMEIRS project, performed during the smaller activities as presented below: planned to be studied and taught proper Tokyo Institute of Technology (TITECH). questionnaire to get the desirable results. last quarter of 2003, focused mainly on earthquake response. To formalize the col- Fifty-four waveform data from 15 earthquake Another EqTAP study is the develop- Coordination by the UP Geography with lo- measures undertaken by participants that laborative undertaking, a Memorandum of ment of a Space-Time GIS system for the cal government and barangay officials would develop or enhance their capability Agreement was signed between city of Makati. This study aims to develop a helped in the conduct of the survey. The ac- for earthquake disaster management plan- PHIVOLCS and NHA. GIS system that adds time as an added tual survey was conducted starting May until ning. These activities consisted of the fol- component in its analysis. The software June 2003 with 1,000 target samples from lowing: 1) General assembly; 2) Community called DIMSIS, which was developed by the 12 chosen barangays in Marikina. The re- watching and resource mapping; and 3) Strong Motion Accelerograph Net-

Kakumoto Laboratory of EdM, can be used sponses from the 1,000 samples were im- Disaster imagination game (DIG). The work in Metro Manila (MM-STAR) to conduct seismic hazard and risk assess- mediately encoded by enumerators as soon CBDM component of the JICA-MMEIRS ment. The software will include risk element as each were completed. A group from the project is being implemented in three study This project “Operation of a Strong Motion data available at different time period Philippine counterparts composed of 2 from areas, namely: Barangay 741 (Manila City); Accelerograph Network in Metro Manila thereby providing the fourth element to the PHIVOLCS and 2 from the Department of Nofuente Compound at Barangay Cupang (MM-STAR)” aims to generate a strong

GIS system. In 2003, Makati cadastral Geography-UP visited the EDM office at (Muntinlupa City); and Barangay Ugong ground motion database by operating a maps were digitized and made available to Kobe, Japan on 22-30 June to discuss the (Pasig City) (Figure 17). network of digital accelerographs in Metro the GIS system. Building footprints using data analysis with EDM-EqTAP counter- Manila. The output can be used for realistic

QuickBird remote sensing technology will parts. Raising the Earthquake Awareness ground motion hazard modeling/simulation. also be included soon after. Aside from and Preparedness of Residents of The results can serve as inputs to proper

PHIVOLCS, the city government of Makati Earthquake Impact Reduction Study Multi-storey mass housing residents planning and development of an earthquake and the Office of Civil Defense are provided of Metro Manila (MMEIRS) safe Metro Manila. The database will also the software and similar sets of data. A collaborative project with the National be made available to researchers doing

The Earthquake Impact Reduction Housing Authority (NHA) was initiated this earthquake engineering-related studies.

Marikina Risk Perception Study Study of Metro Manila (MMEIRS) is a JICA- year that aims to increase the level of Metro Manila is an interesting study area

supported development study that aims to earthquake awareness and preparedness of because it is underlain by differing lithologic

In the middle of year 2002, a collabora- formulate a master plan for earthquake im- residents of multi-storey mass housing pro- units. Records show that places underlain tive study entitled “Risk Perception Study pact reduction of Metro Manila and to jects in the National Capital Region. The by differing lithologies and varying thickness on Earthquake Hazards Among Marikina carry out technology transfer to Philippine project will conduct seismic hazard of soft deposits have had varying levels of Fig. 18. This multi-storey mass housing project in Mandaluyong City was being planned as one of the

City Residents” was initiated by the EDM- counterpart personnel of PHIVOLCS and evaluation, risk perception survey and finally earthquake damages in the past. Historical buildings where a project on determining the level of awareness and preparedness of residents of multi- EqTAP, UP Department of Geography-UP damages to Metro Manila have shown that storey mass housing projects can be conducted.

Kanlaon and Mayon Volcanoes the Leyte network, and (3) the smaller Ton- gonan network, which covers the transfer Seismic network augmentation, ground zone where the Philippine Fault separates deformation studies and other monitor- into three individual sub-parallel faults. ing activities at Kanlaon Volcano These networks were repeatedly measured between 1991 and 2002: 5 times for Mas- Before Kanlaon’s unrest, there were bate, 6 times for Leyte and 7 times for Ton- only three seismographs monitoring the gonan. seismic activity. These are Kanlaon Volcano Observatory, Cabagnaan and Guintubdan In Masbate, displacement vectors stations. Ground deformation monitoring in- showed that the Philippine Fault in Masbate cludes measuring tilt using an electronic has an average slip rate of 2.3 + 0.2 cm/yr tiltmeter and GPS for accurate position of measured in 11 years. The fault on this re- control points to be monitored. To better gion has an intermediate mechanical behav- understand the nature of unrest and explo- ior, with a part of its movement absorbed sions, additional seismographs and tiltme- Fig. 20. Participants on the Forum on Kanlaon Volcano held at Kundutel Hotel, City, 15 October 2003. through creeping (≈ 60%) and a part ab- ters are needed so that appropriate alert sorbed during 6-magnitude earthquakes (≈ level can be emphasized and proper warn- 40%), whose recurrence is from 15-20 ings can be issued. Fig. 19 a. EDM instrument at LHO Fig. 19 b. Electronic tilt station at Lower Anoling years. This intermediate behavior character- Municipal/City Disaster Coordinating Coun- opened an opportunity for PHIVOLCS to izes a transition zone between the creeping Increasing seismic activity observed at cil; (2) The need to make the MDCC/CDCC undertake a detailed field mapping when the zone in Leyte in the south and the locked Kanlaon beginning January 2003 and the proactive in updating their current plans and event produced a ground rupture of at least zone in Bondoc Peninsula and Ragay Gulf ash explosion it exhibited starting 7 March structed: (a) Buang precise leveling line, (b) and were oriented on how to collect the ash encourage the key actors to participate in 20 kilometers long. The mapping activity re- in the north, whose movement is released 2003 had obliged PHIVOLCS to rapidly Lidong precise leveling line; and (c) Anoling from the pans. various disaster-related seminars/trainings; sulted to (1) detailed map of the Masbate only during large seismic events (Ms> 7). conduct repair and maintenance works of precise leveling line. (3) Continued public information campaigns segment of the Philippine Fault Zone (PFZ); The GPS results also revealed the existence Kanlaon’s existing seismic network. Site ne- Forum on Kanlaon Volcano to be carried out by PHIVOLCS so that the (2) updated the active faults map of the Phil- of a rigid or semi-rigid block SW of Masbate gotiations were facilitated and the three Risk Assessment for Mayon Volcano public is always aware of PHIVOLCS moni- ippines and (3) updated paleoseismic data- Island. It appears also that the Sibuyan Sea spread spectrum radio-telemetry seismic A one-day forum-seminar sponsored toring activities and updated status of the base of active faults. Fault is active and has a slip rate of 2.3 + monitoring stations were installed, with the Data were collected from the municipal by the National Disaster Coordinating Coun- volcano; and (4) Continued provincial-level 0.2 cm/yr. A 2.5+ 0.6 cm/yr has also been aim of using the new set up in monitoring and provincial government of Albay. Spatial cil, was organized and conducted by support to the undertakings of identified vul- GPS campaign at Masbate calculated in the Legazpi Lineament. Kanlaon’s ongoing unrest. The La Calota and statistical data were extracted mostly PHIVOLCS on October 15, 2003 at Kun- nerable and affected municipalities down to City College “Power House” building was from the socio-economic profile of each mu- dutel Hotel, Bacolod City (Figure 20). Sixty barangay level in order to develop a sound Under the Calamity Fund Program, the In North of Leyte, results showed that repaired and used to temporarily serve as nicipality. Most of the data are in paper form, five (65) participants mostly disaster action and effective disaster preparedness plan or Masbate Global Positioning System (GPS) the bulk of the 3.6 + 0.2 cm/yr slip rate Kanlaon Volcano’s receiving and processing although some GIS files were also gathered officers, barangay officials, social workers, strengthen the existing plans. Project was undertaken in 2003. The project (10 years) is absorbed just along the fault. station until the new Kanlaon Volcano Ob- from the Provincial Planning and develop- police officers, from La Castellana, Canlaon was aimed at estimating the post-seismic This movement is essentially through creep- servatory will be constructed. In addition, ment Office and Legaspi City Planning and City, San Carlos City, La Carlota, Moises Participants of the forum consisted of slip rate of the PFZ Masbate segment. The ing since no important seismic activity was appropriate sites for installing the electronic Development Office. Included in the output Padilla, Bago City, Murcia, Hinigaran, Pon- disaster action officers, social workers, po- GPS campaign was conducted in October recorded during the GPS campaigns. tiltmeters were selected. of the project are digital file of available haz- tevedra, Bacolod City, provincial disaster of- lice officers and local officials in the provin- 2003. Processing of data is still ongoing and ard maps/boundaries and tables of socio- ficers from and Oriental, cial, municipal/city and barangay levels. will be completed in 2004 with correspond- On the other hand, the results in Ton- Seismic network augmentation, ground economic profile/data, including municipality representatives from various NGOs, in- Representatives from non-government or- ing technical report. Another GPS campaign gonan network showed that the movement deformation studies and other monitor- and barangay boundary maps and lifeline cluding PHIVOLCS Staff attended the fo- ganizations also attended. Eleven in relation to the PHIVOLCS-Kyoto Univer- in this transfer zone is partitioned along the ing activities at Mayon Volcano data. rum. The forum was organized in order to PHIVOLCS staff and technical personnel sity Collaborative Project was conducted in 3 branches sub-parallel to the Philippine have a venue for PHIVOLCS to present and were present led by the Director, Dr. Renato November 2003. Fault. In 10 years of measurement, 20% is Before the 2003 unrest, Mayon is moni- Ashfall characterization for Kanlaon and highlight the recent studies on Kanlaon Vol- U. Solidum. absorbed by the SW branch (0.7 + 0.2 tored by a small network of seismometers Mayon Volcanoes cano that are deemed necessary in updating During the forum, the following informa- Another important focal area for the ac- cm/yr) and 30% along the NE branch (1.2 + and two tiltmeters installed to help deter- the Provincial and Municipal Disaster Plan, tion materials were distributed to the partici- tive faults program was the estimation of the 0.2 cm/yr). The remaining 50% is absorbed mine occurrences of magmatic intrusions As part of the campaign to characterize and to help the local disaster planners in the pants: (1) Kanlaon Profile Flyer; (2) Monitor- slip rate of the Philippine Fault in the by the external eastern branch (2.0 + 0.5 (Figure 19a-b). The said monitoring configu- the volcanic products and better understand concerned municipalities within the hazard ing Philippine Volcanoes: A general view of Visayas Region, including characterization cm/yr), measured in 5 years. One of the ration involved sensors that are installed at the eruptions from Mayon and Kanlaon Vol- zone to enhance its respective disaster Surveillance technique and (3) Volcanic of the mechanical behaviour of the fault and most important results in this study showed fairly low elevations, thus the lower detec- canoes, materials for ash sampling were plans in order to take the necessary action Hazards at Kanlaon Volcano. understanding deformational mechanisms that what appears to be a creeping move- tion sensitivity. To optimize the monitoring prepared. Pans wherein ash can be col- on specific issues and concerns on disaster associated with the fault. Three GPS net- ment in Leyte, if viewed in a more detailed network at Mayon, two digital seismic te- lected in case of future eruptions from management. Masbate Activities works were installed in the Central Philip- scale in Tongonan, is only a succession of lemetry were installed at (a) Upper Masa- Kanlaon and Mayon Volcanoes were dis- pines, with the objective of analyzing the periods in which the Philippine Fault in this rawag (W, elevation 415 m ASL) and (b) tributed around the two volcanoes in Octo- Different concerns of local officials Detailed Fault Mapping and Trenching kinematics of the Philippine Fault in this re- region is either blocked or slipping with vary- Upper Mayon Resthouse (NW, elevation ber. Most of the pans were given to baran- were raised during the open forum, and gion, namely (1) the Masbate network, in- ing displacement rates. 1500 m ASL). In addition, the following pre- gay captains or councilors around the area. some of the major issues identified were as The 15 February 2003 Earthquake stalled in the transfer zone between the Phil- cise levelling benchmarks were recon- They were also given sample bags follows: (1) The need to reactivate the along the Masbate Segment of the PFZ ippine Fault and the Sibuyan Sea Fault, (2)

chance to undergo a process of self- examination, self visualization and analysis of realities and truths. Table 4. Continued…

HH uummaann RReessoouurr cceess On the otherhand, the GST was under- Title Of Activity Name of Participant/s Venue Duration taken 1) To raise the level of awareness of PHIVOLCS continued to provide oppor- March 19-21, March 26-29 and April 2-4. the participants on gender issues and con- Arturo S. Daag Remote Sensing Workshop and Jessie A. Daligdig tunities for its personnel to attend foreign This activity was undertaken in coordination cerns and be able to address them accord- the Cities on Volcanoes III (CVO3) Kathleen L. Papiona Hawaii, USA July 11-18 and local seminars and trainings to meet the with the Civil Service Commission (CSC). ingly, 2) For the participants to know and Conference. Rowena B. Quiambao demand for technical expertise and keep understand the different manifestations of Julianita S. Rañola abreast of latest development in the field of Second, was a Gender Sensitivity gender inequalities and to understand the Benjamin H. Santos volcanology and seismology. Tables 4 and 5 Training (GST) which was held last August GAD program of the government, and 3) To Outreach and Education are the list of trainings and seminars availed 27-28, and was attended by 29 personnel train the participants to become gender sen- Workshop and the Cities on Renato U. Solidum, Jr. Hawaii, USA July 13-19 of by PHIVOLCS officials and staff for the including the GAD focal point. All the divi- sitive planners in formulating the Institute’s Volcanoes III (COV3) Conference year 2003. Tables 6 and 7 are the listings of sions were equally represented. project, programs and activities (PPAs). The Workshop on Development of Vulnerability Assessment Ma. Leonila P. Bautiesta Hawaii, USA July 27- Aug. 2 PHIVOLCS personnel with advanced de- training is a basic step that will serve as a Methods Applicable to the Asian Pacific Region grees, while Table 8 are those who are pur- The VOW is a program designed by vehicle to a systematic force to effect the suing advanced degrees. CSC which focuses on developing, enhanc- gender mainstreaming in the Institute. The Sea Floor Geodesy Tsunami Hazards Mitigation Program Glenda M. Besana Nagoya, Japan July 27 – Aug. 2 ing and reinforcing the values of an individ- next step will be GAD planning and proper GTC on Seismology Joan C. Salcedo Tokyo, Japan Aug. 26 – July 18 In line with PHIVOLCS’ program to ual. This program gives an opportunity for budgeting that will totally promote gender develop and strengthen its human re- the employees to review their values and equality with its laws and legal policies in Workshop on Strategy of Volcanic Disaster Mitigation Renato U. Solidum, Jr. Tsukuba, Japan Sept.. 24-27 sources, two (2) in-house activities were how these values could blend with those of the workplace, family, religion and in our conducted for main office personnel. First, others to reach common goals daily lives. Third East Asia Cluster Cities Meeting Renato U. Solidum, Jr. Kobe, Japan Oct. 6-7 was a series of Values Orientation Work- and aspirations. It was hoped that through Second Int’l Conference on Early Warning (EWC III) Norman M. Tungol Bonn, Germany Oct. 16-18 shop (VOW) held on March 12-14, the program, the participants will have the JICA Counterpart Training Program on Seismology (Seismic Oct. 14, 2003 – Vilma C. Hernandez Japan Data Processing) March 13, 2004

Table 4. Foreign Trainings 2003 International Training Program for Seismic Design of Struc- Angelito G. Lanuza Taipei, Taiwan Oct. 13-17 tures Title Of Activity Name of Participant/s Venue Duration Ronaldoa A. Arboleda th Rudy A. Lacson, Jr. 30 Remote Sensing of Environment Ma. Lynn P. Melosantos Honolulu, Hawaii Nov. 10-14 Alejandro A. Martinez Ma. Hannah T. Mirabueno Florenette B. Garcia Training on Management of Seismological and Volcanologi- nd Evelyn B. Serenado Japan Jan 7 to March 21 2 International Training Course on Earthquake Disaster and cal Observation System of the Republic of the Philippines Rhommel N. Grutas Beijing, China Nov. 3-15 Ramil B. Atando Disaster Mitigation for Developing Countries

Jose Eucel L. Talisic 24th Asian Conference on Remote Sensing and 2003 Interna- Allan R. Labayog Rowena B. Quiambao Busan, North Korea Nov. 2-8 Myra P. Dolina tional Symposium on Remote Sensing

Joint research work with Japanese Scientist in the NIED Bartolome C. Bautista Miki, Japan Jan. 26- Feb. 16 Renato U. Solidum, Jr. Bartolome C. Bautista 6th Multi-Lateral Workshop on Development of Earthquake Ma. Leonila P. Bautista International Symposium on Mitigation of Earthquake and and Tsunami Disaster Technologies and their Integration for Ise-Kashikojima, Japan Dec. 1-2 Bartolome C. Bautista Japan March 15-17 Angelito G. Lanuza Tsunami Hazards in Western Pacific Region the Asia Pacific Region Ishmael C. Narag Study & Management of Geological Risks Raymond Patrick R Maximo Switzerland April 28 to June 19 Ma. Mylene M. Villegas

Third International Workshop on Seismic Risk Management CSAV International Course in Volcano Hazards Monitoring Maricel P. Lendio Hawaii, USA June 9 to July 18 Bartolome C. Bautista Bangkok, Thailand Dec. 7-8 for Countries of the Asia Pacific Region International Training Course on Total Disaster Risk Man- Ernesto G. Corpuz Japan June 10-13 agement Meeting on Future Activities of the Working Group on Sub- Raymond R. Maximo San Francisco, California Dec. 8-12 duction Zones located in the developing Counties Training of data analysis methodology and usage of data Sheila I. Insauriga June 22-30 Kobe, Japan software. Regina B. Quiambao

Bartolome C. Bautista XXIII General Assembly of the International Union for Geod- Ma. Leonila P. Bautista esy and Geophysics. (IUGG) Rhommel N. Grutas Japan June 30 to July 11 Ishmael C. Narag

Baby Jane T. Punongbayan

Raymond Patrick R. Maximo

Table 5. Local Trainings 2003 Table 5 continued…

Title of Activity Name of Participants Venue Duration Title of Activity Name of Participants Venue Duration

Emmanuel G. Ramos Julio P. Sabit Workshop on the Development and Integra- Nanette V.A. Melosantos Teodorico A.Sandoval tion of a Module on the Protection of Human Ma. Mylene Villegas Angels Hill Retreat August 19-21 Bartolome C. Bautista Edgardo U. Villacorte Rights of Children During Emergencies – Celestino Saquilon House, Tagaytay Ma. Leonila P.Bautista Rene A. Arante UNICEF-NDCC-OCD Baby Jane T. Punongbayan Arturo S. Daag Esmeralda L. Banganan Dindo V. Javier Ma. Leonila P. Bautista* Erlinton Olavere Myleen E. Carlos Paolo D. Reniva Glenda Besana* Robert Tiglao EMSEV Workshop for Initiating Seismic & Janila B. Deocampo Celestino S. Saquilon Jessie Daligdig* Imelda Guanio Volcanic Electromagnetic Monitoring in Asian Mechor P. Lasala Arnold A. Villar PHIVOLCS Auditorium Jan. 13-17 Bartolome Bautista Ma. Lynn Melosantos Countries Ishmael C. Narag Mylene M. Villegas Norman Tungol Julianita Rañolal Edmund F. Olaveria Glenda M. Besana Mylene Villegas Ma. Hanna Mirabueno EDSA Plaza Shan- Earthquake Impact Reduction Study for Metro Henremagne C. Penarubia Jessie A. Daligdig Janila DeOcampo Arturo Daag gri-la Hotel, Manda- August 26 Manila (MMEIRS) 2nd Workshop Joan C. Salcedo Ma. Lynn P. Melosantos Narciso Diongzon Sheila Insauriga luyong City Dante S. Soneja Ma. Hannah T. Mirabueno Myla Panol Regina Quiambao Maricel R. Lendio Renato U. Solidum, Jr. Ishmael Narag Celestino Saquilon Allan R. Loza Norman M. Tungol Angelito Lanuza Rolly Rimando Alejandro F. Ramos Baby Jane Punongbayan Paolo Reniva Esmeralda Banganan Renato U. Solidum, Jr. Potential and Application of Microwave Re- PhilRice Munoz, Benjamin H. Santos February 3-7 mote Sensing Nueva,Ecija Mylene M. Villegas Ma. Lynn P. Melosantos Regina B. Quiambao Renato J. Garduque Information System Strategic Plan Anabelle F. Ringor DOST, Bicutan, March 4-7 Ma. Isabel T. Abigania] Rolly E. Rimando Sheila I. Insauriga Benjamin H.Santos Lowella A. De Guzman Ma. Leonila P. Bautista* Ma Lyn P. Melosantos Maricel R. Lendio Dindo V. Javier EdM-EqTAP Stakeholders' for Bartolome C. Bautista Esmeralda L.Banganan Janila B. Deocampo Celestino S. Saquilon an Earthquake-Safe City of Norman M. Tungol Manila Pavilion Hotel, Ma- Joan C. Salcedo March 5 Ishmael C. Narag Edgardo U. Villacorte Manila. Mylene M. Villegas nila Regina B. Quiambao Gender Sensitivity Training Corazon D. Abadilla Esfeca Del T. Mundo PHIVOLCS, Q.C. Aug. 27-28 Arturo S. Daag Paolo Reniva Ma. Rosmarie J.Bautista Nora R. Campita Ishmael C. Narag Renato U. Solidum, Jr. Narciso F. Diongzon Shirley I. Masangkay Sheila I. Insauriga Geraldine A. Gelido Ma. Leonila P. Bautista Sheila I. Insauriga Leah M. Pinca Manolo L. Gelido Bartolome C. Bautista Angelito Lanuza Baby Jane T Punongbayan Eleanor E. Manuel EdM-EqTAP Metro Manila Case Study Work- Norman M. Tungol Ishmael C. Narag Makati Shangri-la Hotel, Reynaldo Macaspac Myla D. Panol March 7 shop Mylene M. Villegas Baby Jane Punongbayan Makati City Vilma C. Hernandez Marilou V. Del Rosario Glenda Besana* Rolly Rimando Jessie Daligdig* Renato U. Solidum, Jr. Mylene M. Martinez Imelda V. Guanio Ma. Leonila P. Bautista Kathleen L. Papiona DOST Angelito G. Lanuza Computerization in records management Rosalia U. Santos March 13-14 Sheila I. Insauriga Bicutan, Taguig. Ishmael C. Narag EDM-EqTAP Stakeholders’ Workshop for Renato A. Arante Arturo S. Daag Making E-Procurement Work for good Gov- Charlita L. Mariano Manila Galeria Earthquake-Safe City of Manila: Learning Melcario D. Pagtalunan Manila Pavillon Ho- April 28 Ma. Lynn P. Melosantos Sept. 09 ernance Edgardo S. Balbuena Manila About Hazard and Elements at Risks in my Paolo D. Reniva tel, Manila Esmeralda L. Banganan Community Celestino S. Saquilon Bartolome C. Bautista PREGINET 1st network/system Administra- College of Sci. Narciso F. Diongzon Arnold A. Villar Raymond R. Maximo tion Luzon Leg U.P.Diliman, May 12-16 Myla D. Panol Edgardo S. Balbuena Regina B. Quiambao Q.C. Renato U. Solidum, Jr. Janila B. Deocampo Local Community Level Disaster Risk Man- Glenda M.Besana City Garden Hotel, Makati March 17-18 Bartolome C. Bautista Ester B. Garrido agement Courses Ma. Leonila P. Bautista* Felomina F. Cayabyab Villa Elena Beach Earthquake Awareness Workshop for Local & Bartolome C. Bautista Ma. Mylene M. Villegas Dindo V. Javier Resort, Infanta, Qu- Sept. 17-18 Supervisory Development Course 2: Powerful Barangay Officials of Infanta Norman M. Tungol MIRDC, Bicutan June 3-4 Teresito C. Bacolcol Myleen E.Carlos ezon Coaching Technique Mylene M. Villegas Ishmael C. Narag Rhommel N. Grutas Instructional Briefing on the preparation of the Ma. Rosemarie J. Bautista Teatro ng GSIS, Government Website Development Work- Sept. 18 Dante S. Soneja NCC Bldg. Diliman, Q.C. July 30 GSIS Electronic Remittance Marlon R. Lumanog Pasay City shop Seminar on the Implementing Rules and Charlita L. Mariano NIA Convention Hall, Renato U. Solidum, Jr. Regina B. Quiambao Regulation of R.A. 9184-Government Pro- Sept. 29 Kick-Off Activity Community-Based disaster Ma. Leonila P. Bautista Dindo V. Javier Edgardo S. Balbuena EDSA, Q.C. Manila Pavillion August 5 curement Reform Act Management JICA-MMEIRS Mylene M. Villegas Paolo Reniva Sheila Insauriga Rey Javier Julianita S. Ranola Manila Galeria 2003 Philippine ESRI-GSIS Conference Oct. 15 Benjamin H. Santos Suites

5th Cooperation on the Exchange of Informa- FNRI Training tion on Science & Technology in South East Leah M. Pinca Room, FNRI Bldg., Oct. 16-17 Asia Bicutan, MM

Table 5 continued… Table 7. PHIVOLCS Personnel with MS Degree

Title of Activity Name of Participants Venue Duration Name Degree/Course Year Obtained School Attended Bartolome C. Bautista Myla D. Panol Ma. Mylene M. Villegas Ma. Mylene M. Villegas MS in Geology 1997 Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA Arnold A. Villar Ma. Leonila P. Bautista Earthquake and Volcano Awareness Semi- Felomina F. Cayabyab Teachers’ Confer- Julio P.Sabit MS in Integrated Map and Geo-information Produc- International Aerospace Survey and Geophysics Sci. nar-Workshop for Local & Barangay Officials Madonna L. Ramos ence Hall, Batangas Oct. 28-29 Rowena B. Quiambao 1997 Norman M. Tungol tion. Enschede, The Netherlands of Batangas City Dindo V. Javier City Ishmael C. Narag Rhommel N. Grutas University of the Philippines, U.P. Campus, Diliman, Ma. Lynn P. Melosantos Esmeralda L. Banganan MS in Materials Science Eng'ng 1997 Myleen E. Carlos Q.C. Ester B. Garrido Nemesio M. Canete MS in Management 1996 Leyte Normal Univesity, Leyte Nora R. Campita Sample Preparation by Fusion for Analysis by Galeria Suites, Orti- Ma. Hannah T. Mirabueno Oct. 21 XRF, ICP and AAS gas, Pasig City Sheila I. Insauriga MS in Public Administra tion 1999 University of Sto. Tomas, Espana, Manila Raymond Patrick R.Maximo

DOST Exec. Ramil B. Atando MS in Public Management 1999 University of the Philippines, Visayas, Iloilo City Training Course for Finance and Property Of- Alfredito D. Aguilar Lounge, Bicutan, Nov. 11 ficers Charlita L. Mariano MM Nanette V.A. Melosantos MS in Public Management 2001 University of Sto. Tomas, Espana, Manila

Rebecca E. Valenzuela MS in Public Administration 2002 Wesleyan University, Taft Avenue, Manila DOST Exec. Ma. Rosemarie J. Bautista Success and Motivation Training-Workshop Lounge, Bicutan, Nov. 14 Lowella A. De Guzman Ma. Hannah T. Mirabueno MS in Geology 2002 University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand MM

Ma. Mylene M. Villegas Myla D. Panol Ma. Leonila P. Bautista Arnold A. Villar Gulf Restaurant, Earthquake Awareness Workshop for Local Ishmael C. Narag Felomina F. Cayabyab Lingayen, Pangasi- Nov. 19-20 Table 8. PHIVOLCS Personnel who are currently pursuing Advanced Degree and School Officials of Lingayen Angelito G. Lanuza Angelito C. De Guzman nan Baby Jane T. Punongbayan Myleen E. Carlos Name Degree/Course School Attended

Norman M. Tungol Dev’t Academy of 1st National Congress on (LakeCon Teodorico A. Sandoval MS in Geology University of the Philippines, U.P. Campus, Diliman, Quezon City Ma. Hannah T. Mirabueno the Phils., Tagaytay Nov. 25-26 2003) Ma. Isabel T. Abigania City Dante S. Soneja MS in Computer Science University of the Philippines, U.P. Campus, Diliman, Quezon City

Kathleen L. Paniona Ma. Isabel T. Abigania Felomina F. Cayabyab MS in Community Development University of the Philippines, U.P. Campus, Diliman, Quezon City Baby Jane Punongbayan Renato A. Arante Regina B. Quiambao Teresito C. Bacolcol Bureau of Soils Con- Janette S. Manahan MS in Seismology Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan Emmanuel G. Ramos 2003 Geological Convention (GEOCON ’03) Jessie A. Daligdig vention Hall, Quezon Dec. 08-10 Norman M. Tungol Ma. Hannah Mirebueno City Winchelle Ian G. Sevilla MS in Geophysics Pennsylvania State University, Pennsylvania, USA Arnold Villar Melcario Pagtalunan Ma. Mylene Villegas Myla D. Panol Perla J. Delos Reyes MS in Geology University of the Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealland Renato U. Solidum, Jr.

Consultation on Guidelines and Tools for Sus- MS in Environmental Management and Infrastructure Renato U. Solidum, Jr. Bayview Hotel, Ma- Jeffrey F. Perez Saitama University, Saitama, Japan tainability in Community-based Disaster December 17 Dev't. Eng'ng. Ma. Mylene Villegas nila Management UNCRD-PNRC Ma. Carmencita A. Arpa MS in Geological Science Michigan State University, Michigan, USA

Ma. Antonia V. Bornas MS in Earth and Planet ary Sciences Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan Table 6. PHIVOLCS Personnel with PhD Degree Mon Pierre Menguito MS in Remote Sensing University of the Philippines, U.P. Campus, Diliman, Quezon City

Name Degree/Course Year Obtained School Attended Ma. Isabel Abigania MS in Geology University of the Philippines, U.P. Campus, Diliman, Quezon City

Renato U. Solidum, Jr. Ph D in Earth Sciences 2002 University of California, San Diego, California, USA Marilou V. Del Rosario MS in Public Administration. Polytechnic Universtity of the Phils., Sta. Mesa, Manila

Emmanuel G. Ramos Ph D in Geophysics 1994 Indiana University, Indiana, USA Rornaldo A. Arboleda MS in Environmental Science University of the Philippines, U.P. Campus, Diliman, Quezon City Ernesto G. Corpuz Ph D in Geology 1992 University of Canterbury, New Zealand Celestino Saquilon MS in Environmental Science University of the Philippines, U.P. Campus, Diliman, Quezon City Bartolome C. Bautista DSc in Earth and Planet ary Sciences 1999 Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan Regina B. Quiambao MS in Women and Development University of the Philippines, U.P. Campus, Diliman, Quezon City Babyjane T. Punongbayan Ph D in Geophysics 2001 Louis Pasteur University, Strasbourg, France Rolly E. Rimando Ph D in Geology 2001 State University of New York, Binghamton, USA Arnold A. Villar MS in Information Technology STI College, Cubao, Quezon City Norman M. Tungol Ph D in Engineering Geology 2002 University of Canterbury Christchurch, New Zealand

Teresito C. Bacolcol Ph D in Geology 2003 Perrie et Marie Curie, Universite, Paris, France

Arturo S. Daag Ph D in Applied Geomorphology 2003 Utrecht University, ITC, The Netherlands

FFii nnaanncciiaall RReessoo uurrcceess

PHIVOLCS 2003 Budget For FY 2003, the PHIVOLCS was Percent Distribution of Expenditures by S&T Activity given a total operating budget of P159 M (In Thousand Pesos) from the GAA and GIA sources. Of this total R&D allotment, P152M was obligated consisting GASS of 36% which went to Personal Services, 6.84% 53% to MOOE, and 11% to Equipment Out- 19.04% lay. In terms of S&T activity, the following S&T Educ. are the distribution of expenditures: 74% for S&T Services, 7% for R&D, 0.31% for S&T Education and Training and 19% for GASS. .31% The budget expenditure breakdown is shown in the table below. Total: P 152,380.0 73.82%

By S&T Activity, Source of Funds and Expenses Classification

S&T Services

Table 9. Distribution of PHIVOLCS Expenditures, CY 2003

Total Expenditure Expenditure by Source of Funds S&T Activity Total (Regular +Other Sources) Regular Appropriation (GAA) Other Sources

Total P.S. M.O.O.E. C.O. Total P.S. M.O.O.E. C.O. Total P.S. M.O.O.E. C.O. Total 152,380.00 56,036.00 80,276.00 16,068.00 147,882.00 55,910.00 77,841.00 14,131.00 4,498.00 126.00 2,435.00 1,937.00

1. Research and 10,419.00 5,450.00 3,962.00 1,007.00 6,881.00 5,324.00 1,557.00 - 3,538.00 126.00 2,405.00 1,007.00 Development 2. Technology

Delivery 3. S&T Services a. Information 6,805.00 4,793.00 1,082.00 930.00 5,845.00 4,793.00 1,052.00 960.00 - 30.00 930.00 Services b. Technical Ser- 105,677.00 29,504.00 62,042.00 14,131.00 105,677.00 29,504.00 62,042.00 14,131.00 - - - - vices 4. S&T Education 465.00 265.00 200.00 - 465.00 265.00 200.00 - - - - - & Training 5. Development, Integration & Co- ordination of the

National Re- search or S&T System

6. General Ad- ministration and 29,014.00 16,024.00 12,990.00 - 29,014.00 16,024.00 12,990.00 - - - - - Support Services

*TAPI (In Thousand pesos)

KEY OFFICIALS 2003

RENATO U. SOLIDUM, JR Director

USEC. FLORENTINO O. TESORO OIC, Office of the Director (January 2003)

EMMANUEL G. RAMOS Deputy Director

ERNESTO G. CORPUZ Chief, Volcano Monitoring and Eruption Prediction Division (VMEPD)

BARTOLOME C. BAUTISTA Chief, Seismological Observation and Earthquake Prediction Division (SOEPD)

NORMAN M. TUÑGOL OIC, Geology and Geophysics Research and Development Division (GGRDD)

MA. MYLENE M. VILLEGAS Chief, Geologic Disaster Awareness and Preparedness Division (GDAPD)

NANETTE V.A. MELOSANTOS Chief, Finance and Administrative Division (FAD)