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The Philippine Journal of Science 1 THE PHILIPPINE JOURNAL OF SCIENCE VOL. 58 SEPTEMBER, 1935 No.1 A REVISION OF THE PHILIPPINE LORANTHACEAE By B. H. DANSER Of the Botanical Laboratory of the University, Groningen, Netherlands TWO PLATES A revision of the Philippine Loranthaceae has already twice been given, though in a more concise form, by Merrill.1 The present revision is, in many respects, only an extension of Merrill’s. New are the keys for all genera and species; the complete descriptions for all species, usually after all materials available; the distribution lists as complete as possible; and many criticisms of the nomenclature. In many points, such as the synonymy of older Philippine literature, I have had to follow Merrill blindly; also it deserves to be mentioned that the careful labeling of the material in the Bureau of Science herbarium and the clear indication of good types are Merrill’s work. I am, however, also greatly indebted to Dr. Eduardo Quisumbing, curator of the Philippine National Herbarium, Bureau of Science, for his kindness in twice sending me the Philippine Loranthaceae - once to Buitenzorg and once to Groningen. Also to the directors of other herbaria, who kindly sent me Philippine Loranthacese to be taken up in my revision, I feel very thankful. The herbaria from which material was received are here listed: B; Herbarium of the Botanic Gardens, Buitenzorg, Java. Be; Herbarium of the Botanic Garden and Museum, Berlin-Dahlem. Br; Herbarium of the Botanic Garden of the University, Breslau. G; Herbarium of the Botanical Laboratory of the University, Groningen. L; The State Herbarium, Leiden. M; Philippine National Herbarium, Bureau of Science, Manila. NY; Herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden, New York. S; Herbarium of the Botanic Gardens, Singapore. U; Herbarium of the Botanical Laboratory of the University, Utrecht. UC; Herbarium of the University of California, Berkeley. As a result of my revision I can mention for the Philippines seventeen genera with eighty- six species of Loranthaceae, eleven of which are new to science. Only seventeen of these species are also found outside the Philippines, so that sixty-nine must be regarded as endemic. 1 Philip. Journ. Sci. § C 4 (1909) 129-153; Enum. Philip. Fl. PI. 2 (1923) 100-114. 2 To keep the revision as concise as possible, I have refrained from mentioning vernacular names and, except in a few cases, the host trees, as these are of no use, unless the author is well acquainted with Philippine languages and with the Philippine flora. For these I must refer to Merrill's revision or to further literature. For more-extensive synonymy of some species I have taken the liberty of referring to my own revision of the Loranthaceae of the Netherlands Indies. Key to the genera of the Philippine Loranthaceae. 1. Leafless ....................................................................................................................2. Leafy ............................................................................................................................3. 2. Internodes of each stem flattened in one plane; no bracts between the flowers .........................................................................................................XV. Korthalsella. Flattenings of the internodes alternating; bracts below the flowers. ...... XVII. Viscum. 3. Perianth 2 mm long or less, calyxlike; flowers unisexual .......................................4. Perianth longer than 3 mm, corolla-like; flowers hermaphrodite ................................6. 4. Young parts tomentose ................................................................... XVI. Notothixos. Young parts glabrous ...................................................................................................5. 5. Flowers in spikes ................................................................................ XIV. Ginalloa. Flowers single or crowded in the leaf axils XVII. Viscum. 6. Anthers dorsiflxed, versatile; corolla choripetalous. .................XIII. Phrygilanthus. Anthers basifixed .........................................................................................................7. 7. Flowers single or in sessile few-flowered umbels ............................... VII. Amyema. Flowers in capitate inflorescences ...............................................................................8. Flowers in simple peduncled umbels .........................................................................10. Flowers in simple racemes or spikes .........................................................................13. Flowers in umbels of triads (or rarely dyads) ............................................................16. Flowers in racemes or spikes of triads (or rarely dyads). ....................... I. Amylotheca. 8. Involucre not composed of bracts, cup-shaped ........................................... III. Cyne. Involucre composed of six small bracts placed in one whorl. .........VIII. Dicymanthes. Involucre composed of decussate, imbricate bracts, rarely, the innermost pair connate to a calyptra ......................................................................................................................9. 9. Flowers more than twelve, placed on a flat receptacle and surrounded by the involucral bracts, at least the outer flowers arranged in triads. ........................II. Lepeostegeres. Flowers four or less in number, in two decussate pairs. ......................... VI. Lepidaria. Flowers in triads in the axils of the bracts, each flower surrounded by three smaller bracts ..................................................................................................... IV. Thaumasianthes. 10. Corolla choripetalous ......................................................................... VII. Amyema. Corolla sympetalous ..................................................................................................11. 11. Below each flower three (or by concrescence two) bracts; flower 6-merous .............................................................................................................V. Macrosolen. Below each flower a single bract; flower 4-merous ..................................................12. 12. Calyx tube and fruit attenuate towards the base ................................. XI. Scurrula. Calyx tube and fruit not attenuate towards the base ................................. XII. Taxillus. 13. Corolla choripetalous ................................................................... IX. Helixanthera. Corolla sympetalous ..................................................................................................14. 14. Below each flower three (or by concrescence two) bracts; flower 6-merous .............................................................................................................V. Macrosolen. Below each flower a single bract; flower 4- or 5-merous ..........................................15. 15. Calyx tube and fruit not attenuate towards the base; fruit ovate; flower 5-merous 3 ........................................................................................................X. Dendrophthoe. Calyx tube and fruit attenuate towards the base; fruit clavate; flower 4-merous ................................................................................................................ XI. Scurrula. 16. Style breaking off at the base, leaving no beak or nipple on the fruit. VII. Amyema Style breaking off somewhat above the base, leaving a beak or nipple on the fruit; flower 6-merous, sympetalous; whole plant glabrous. .................................... I. Amylotheca. I. Genus AMYLOTHECA Van Tieghem, emended Amylotheca VAN TIEGH., Bull Soc. Bot. Fr. 41 (1894) 261; 42 (1895) 444; DANS., Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg III 10 (1929) 300; 11 (1981) 238; Verh. Kon. Akad. Wetensch. Amsterdam afd. Natuurk. § 2 29 6 (1933) 35. Treubella VAN TIEGH., Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. 41 (1894) 266; 42 (1895) 86, 435; non Pierre (1890). Aciella VAN TIEGH., Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. 41 (1894) 435; 42 (1896) 86, 446. Decaisnina VAN TIEGH., Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. 42 (1895) 435. Arculus VAN TIEGH., Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. 42 (1895) 444. Treubania VAN TIEGH., in Morot, Journ. de Bot. 11 (1897) 324. Inflorescentia plerumque racemus, rarius spica vel umbelIa, triadum (raro dyadum), floribus singula bractea suffultis. Flores plerumque 6-meres raro 5-meres, choripetali vel magis minusve sympetali, petalis vel laciniis corollae erectis supra insertiones staminum reflexis vel rarius recurvis. Antherae basifixae, angustae, acutae vel obtusae, loculis 4 vulgo continuis rarious locellatis. Stylus plerumque supra basin articulatus, fructui rostrum breve relinquens, raro basi articulatus. Amylotheca is distributed all over the Philippines. Outside the Philippines it is spread in a southern, and especially in a southeastern, direction to Australia and New Caledonia. The Philippine species of Amylotheca show more different forms than those of the eastern parts of the Malay Archipelago. Amylotheca viridis and A. pentagona together form an endemic section, restricted to Luzon; Amylotheca ovatifolia, A. saccata, and A. Aherniana constitute a second section, to which also A. duthieana, from the Malay Peninsula and the Lingga Archipelago, and A. borneana, from Borneo, belong; Amylotheca crassilimba unites characters of the already mentioned sections with those of the following one. Therefore, it is A. crassilimba that makes it impossible to split Amylotheca into smaller genera. The last section
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