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FILIPINOS in HISTORY Published by: NATIONAL HISTORICAL INSTITUTE T.M. Kalaw St., Ermita, Manila Philippines Research and Publications Division: REGINO P. PAULAR Acting Chief CARMINDA R. AREVALO Publication Officer Cover design by: Teodoro S. Atienza First Printing, 1990 Second Printing, 1996 ISBN NO. 971 — 538 — 003 — 4 (Hardbound) ISBN NO. 971 — 538 — 006 — 9 (Softbound) FILIPINOS in HIS TOR Y Volume II NATIONAL HISTORICAL INSTITUTE 1990 Republic of the Philippines Department of Education, Culture and Sports NATIONAL HISTORICAL INSTITUTE FIDEL V. RAMOS President Republic of the Philippines RICARDO T. GLORIA Secretary of Education, Culture and Sports SERAFIN D. QUIASON Chairman and Executive Director ONOFRE D. CORPUZ MARCELINO A. FORONDA Member Member SAMUEL K. TAN HELEN R. TUBANGUI Member Member GABRIEL S. CASAL Ex-OfficioMember EMELITA V. ALMOSARA Deputy Executive/Director III REGINO P. PAULAR AVELINA M. CASTA/CIEDA Acting Chief, Research and Chief, Historical Publications Division Education Division REYNALDO A. INOVERO NIMFA R. MARAVILLA Chief, Historic Acting Chief, Monuments and Preservation Division Heraldry Division JULIETA M. DIZON RHODORA C. INONCILLO Administrative Officer V Auditor This is the second of the volumes of Filipinos in History, a com- pilation of biographies of noted Filipinos whose lives, works, deeds and contributions to the historical development of our country have left lasting influences and inspirations to the present and future generations of Filipinos. NATIONAL HISTORICAL INSTITUTE 1990 MGA ULIRANG PILIPINO TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Lianera, Mariano 1 Llorente, Julio 4 Lopez Jaena, Graciano 5 Lukban, Justo 9 Lukban, Vicente 12 Luna, Antonio 15 Luna, Juan 19 Mabini, Apolinario 23 Magbanua, Pascual 25 Magbanua, Teresa 27 Magsaysay, Ramon 29 Makabulos, Francisco S 31 Malabanan, Valerio 35 Malvar, Miguel 36 Mapa, Victorino M. 39 Mariano, Patricia 42 Mascardo, Tomas 44 Mendiola, Enrique 47 Nakpil, Julio 49 Natividad, Mamerto 53 Ocampo, Alfonso de 55 Ocampo, Martin 57 Ola, Simeon 60 Ongpin, Roman 62 Ortigas, Francisco 65 Osmeria, Sergio S 68 Paez, Timoteo 71 Palma, Jose 73 Palma, Precioso 76 Palma, Rafael 77 Pan, Rafael del 82 Panganiban, Jose Ma. 84 Pardo de Tavera, Trinidad H. 87 Paterno, Pedro 89 Pelaez, Pedro Pablo 91 Pilapil, Mariano 93 Pilar, Gregorio del 94 Pilar, Marcelo H. del 99 Pilar, Pio del 102 Pilar, Toribio del 105 Pinpin, Tomas 106 Pira, Panday 108 Plata, Teodoro 111 Poblete, Pascual 114 Ponce, Mariano 115 Quezon, Aurora A 117 Quezon, Manuel 120 Quirino, Elpidio 123 Ramos, Anacleto 126 Recto, Claro M. 129 Regidor, Antonio Ma 132 Remigio, Tomas 135 Reyes, Isabelo De Los - 137 Reyes, Maximino De Los 140 Reyes, Ventura De Los 143 Reyes, Severino 147 Ricarte, Artemio 149 Riego, Mariano De Dios 151 Rivera, Jose Ma 154 Rizal, Dr. Jose 155 Rizal, Gen. Paciano 163 Rodriguez, Eulogio B. 166 Rodriguez, Eulogio Sr. 168 Roman, Francisco 171 Rosa ,Agustin De La 172 Rosa, Fabian De La 174 Rosario, Anacleto Del. 177 Roxas, Manuel . 180 Salamanca, Olivia • • 182 S alam at, Magat 184 Salas, Quintin • • 187 Sancianco, Don Gregorio 194 Sandiko, Teodoro •197 Santiago, Francisco 200 Santos, Epifanio De Los 202 Santos, Lope K. 205 Sevilla, Jose 207 Sevilla, Mariano • • • . 208 Sikatuna, Datu 210 Silang, Diego • .. 212 Silang, Gabriela .... 214 Silonga, Rajah . ... • • 216 Soliman, Rajah . 219 Sotto, Juan Crisostomo . 223 Sumulong, Juan 225 Tecson, Pablo .. 229 Tecson, Trinidad • . • 230 Tim o, Manuel 233 Tirona, Candido 237 Tolentino, Aurelio ... 240 Torres, Florentino 243 Torres, Gen. Isidolio Trias, Mariano 24747 Ubal, Datu . .. 250 Valenzuela, Pio . 252' Velarde, Aguedo 255 Ventura, Valentin 257 Veyra, Jaime De 258 Veyra, Sofia De 261 Villamor, Ignacio . .. • . , . 263 Vinzons, Wenceslao Q. • • 266 Yangco, Teodoro R. 268 Yengko, Flaviano . • .. • 270 Zamora, Jacinto • 273 Zulueta, Jose Clemente . • 275 MARIANO LLANERA (1855-1942) On November 9, 1855, in Cabiao, Nueva Ecija, Juana Nunez, wife of Enrique Llanera, gave birth to a boy who was baptized Mariano. Llanera studied briefly at the Colegio de San Juan de Letran. Although his formal education was limited, he became a cabeza de barangay. He later served for two terms as capitan municipal of his hometown. He was initially sympathetic to the Spaniards. Once, he pre- vented his townsmen from lynching a Spanish lieutenant. His transformation into a fiery revolutionary derived from his membership in the Masonry. The Spanish parish priest promptly ac- cused him of being a subversive. Most of his property was confiscated. His house was even stripped of furniture. He joined the Katipunan and was quick to stir the other towns to his cause. He had his own banner: a white skull drawn above two crossed bones and the letter K in a field of black. He mustered about 3,000 men in the assault of the San Isidro Spanish garrison. Only a few were armed with guns. The rest had bolos and sharpened bamboo stakes. They wore red bands around their heads and marched to the martial music furnished by the musikong bumbong. For three days, beginning on September 2, 1896, they laid seige on San Isidro. The town would have fallen but for the ar- rival of a Spanish reinforcement of some 200 men armed with rifles. As they were withdrawing, he managed to fatally shoot a captain of the Guardia Civil. Llanera participated in sporadic encounters in the provinces of Bulacan, Tarlac, Pampanga and Nueva Ecija. The American historian John Taylor said that he "raided along the railroad and the towns about Manila, plunderir.g and burning." 1 Mariano Llanera On December 1, 1896, he scored two successive victories in the battles of Baling Kupang and Sibul in the province of Bulacan. To force him to surrender, the Spaniards resorted to massacres of non-combatants in several towns in Nueva Ecija. His house was demolished, his pregnant wife abducted and incarcerated together with some relatives. She gave birth inside the Bilibid prison. In January 1897, the Spaniards attacked his forces in Bulacan, compelling him to take refuge in Nueva Ecija. Most of his followers surrendered, enticed by the amnesty proclamation. In disgust he threatened death to those who desisted from the struggle. After the death of Andres Bonifacio, Llanera was designated Lieutenant General in the assembly held in Puray, Montalban creating the Department Government of Central Luzon. Generals Mamerto Natividad and Isidoro Torres served under him. He had a chance to join at one time the forces of Aguinaldo in harassing the Spaniards in Bulakan and Nueva Ecija. He distinguished between Spaniards and other foreigners, as- suring Mr. Scott, manager of an Anglo-American-owned rice mill, that the revolutionists had no enmity against them. In October 1897, Llanera and the other revolutionary leaders assembled in Biak-na-bato, San Miguel de Mayumo, Bulacan where Aguinaldo established his seat of government. He was among the signatories of the Biak-na-bato Constitution drawn up on Novem- ber 1. Representing the army, he signed on November 5 the terms for the peace agreement Pedro Paterno was to present to Governor General Primo de Rivera. He helped prepare the schedule of activities for the implementation of the peace pact. He went into exile with Aguinaldo in Hongkong. Since both parties looked at the pact as an opportunity to re- furbish their strength, the truce was soon shattered. The exiles re- turned. Llanera was commissioned to organize the provincial and municipal governments in Nueva Ecija. He was also. involved in the 2 FILIPINOS IN HISTORY zoning of the province into military districts. By June 20, 1898 he was in command of the first zone composed of the towns of San Isidro, Cabiao, San Antonio, Jaen, Gapan and Peliaranda. On July 21, he was appointed General of Division with station in Nueva Ecija. He styled himself dictador provincial. He restored order by issuing circulars to the town heads. The functions of civil, military and religious officials were clearly defined. He requested that he be fur- nished a listing of arms and men capable of bearing them, the total finances in their treasury and the stock of palay. When the Filipino-American War broke out, he was Commandante Superior of the first battalion of Nueva Ecija and was stationed in the 4th zone of Manila by Gen. Antonio Luna. In the defense of the towns of San Isidro, Gapan and Cabiao drawn by Aguinaldo on May 12, 1899, the command was entrusted to him. Llanera was captured by the Americans. In prison he wrote a poem entitled "Sa Inang Bayang Filipinas" prior to his deportation to Guam. He returned to the Philippines on September 26, 1902 and stayed in his hometown. He was married twice: to Salome Siao-Paco in 1877 and Feliza Bala- jadia in 1919. From his two marriages, he had 15 children, one of whom, Eduardo, became also a leader during the revolution. He died on September 19, 1942. Honors accorded him have been sparing. Boac, Marinduque named a street after him in 1898. In 1899, Labayug, a sitio in Pozorrubio, Paligasinan, inhabited by Igorots and early Christian converts, was changed to Llanera. 3 JULIO LLORENTE (1863-1940) Julio Llorente was born in Cebu on May 22, 1863 to a Spanish merchant from Castile la Vieja. After his preparatory education in his hometown, he went to Manila and studied at the Ateneo where he excelled in various school competitions. On April 3, 1881, he left for Spain to study at the Universidad Central de Madrid. He obtained a doctor of laws degree in 1885. In the same year he got married in Madrid to Roquieria, a Spanish Senorita, by whom he had two daughters, Angelita and Jesusa. In Spain, he became an active propagandist. He believed that Spanish law should similarly be applied in the Philippines. In 1886 he was made president of a general autonomist organization whose aim was to collaborate with Puerto Ricans and Cubans in securing rights for Spain's overseas provinces.