REGION IV-A (CALABARZON)

REGIONAL PHYSICAL FRAMEWORK PLAN 2004-2030 (Volume 2 - Physical and Socio-Economic Profile and Situational Analysis)

Philippine Copyright @ 2008 National Economic and Development Authority Regional Office IV-A (CALABARZON)

Printed in Quezon City, Philippines Table of Contents

List of Tables List of Figures List of Acronyms Acknowledgement Other Sources of Data/Information

A. PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT

1 PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS

1.1 Location and Political Subdivision 2 1.2 Land Area and Land Classification 3 1.3 Topography 4 1.4 Slope 5 1.5 Soil physiology and suitability 6 1.6 Rock type and their distribution 9 1.7 Climate 9 1.8 Water Resources 10 1.9 Mineral Resources 10 1.10 Volcanoes 13

2 LAND USE

2.1 Production Land Use 14 2.1.1 Agricultural Land 14 a. Existing Agricultural Land Use in the NPAAAD b. Existing Land Use of the SAFDZ

iii Table of Contents

2.1.2 Livestock and Poultry Production Areas 18 2.1.3 Fishery Resources 20 a. Major Fishing Grounds b. Municipal Fishing c. Municipal Fisherfolks 2.1.4 Highlight of Agricultural Performance and 21 Food Sufficiency a. Crops, Livestock and Poultry b. Fishing Production Performance c. Food Sufficiency Level\Feed Sufficiency 2.1.5 Agrarian Reform Areas 23 a. Land Acquisition and Distribution b. Agrarian Reform Communities (ARCs) 2.1.6 Mineral Resources 25 a. Metallic Minerals b. Non-Metallic Minerals c. Mining Permits Issues 2.1.7 Industrial Development Areas 28 a. Industrial Center b. Ecozones 2.1.8 Tourism 34 a. Tourism Areas b. Foreign and Domestic Tourist Travel Movements

2.2 Protection Land Use 40 2.2.1 National Integrated Protected Areas System (NIPAS) 40 a. NIPAS Initial Components • Taal Volcano Protected Landscape • Mts. Banahaw-San Cristobal Protected Landscape • Quezon Protected Landscape • Buenavista Protected Landscape • Maulawin Spring Protected Landscape • Mts. Palay-palay/Mataas na Gulod National Park • Alibijaban Wilderness Area iiiiii Regionial Physical Framework Plan Volume 2

• Alabat Watershed Forest Reserve • Binahaan Watershed Forest Reserve • Calauag Watershed Forest Reserve • Lopez Watershed Forest Reserve • Mulanay Watershed Forest Reserve • Marikina Watershed Forest Reserve • 4Kaliwa River Watershed Forest Reserve • 5Unnamed National Park, Game Preserve and Wildlife Sanctuary • Infanta Watershed Forest Reserve • Polillo Watershed Forest Reserve • Tibiang-Domagondong Watershed Forest Reserve • Hinilugang Taktak National Park • Additional Sites > Pamitinan Protected Landscape > Minasawa Island Game Refuge and Bird Sanctuary > Maricaban Strait and Adjacent Waters of Balsuran and Batangas Bays > Mt. Lobo > Umiray River Watershed Forest Reserve > Panukulan Watershed Forest Reserve > Kanan River Watershed Forest Reserve > Ragay Gulf > Mapanghi Cave > Sumuot Cave > Masungi Rock 2.2.2 Non-NIPAS 48 a. Wetlands b. Other Critical Basins • Laguna de Bay • Taal Lake • Balayan and Adjacent Bays • Manila Bay

iiiiiiiii Table of Contents

2.2.3 Ancestral Domain Areas 51 2.2.4 Environmentally Constrained Areas 51 a. Earthquake/Seismic Hazards b. Volcanic Hazards c. Hydrologic Hazards d. Erosion

3 URBANIZATION AND SETTLEMENT PATTERN

3.1 Urban Barangays 63

3.2 Urban Population 64 3.3 Built-Up Areas 66

3.4 Existing Hierarchy of Settlements and Settlements Patterns 67

3.4.1 Urban Growth Clusters (UGC) 68 3.4.2 Large Towns and Medium Towns 69

3.4.3 Small Towns and Central Business Districts (CBDs) 70 3.5 Criteria Used in Identifying the Hierarchy of Centers in the Region 70

3.6 Accessibility Analysis 70

3.7 Implication of Urbanization 70

4 INFRASTRUCTURE AND OTHER PHYSICAL FACILITIES

4.1 Transportation 74

4.1.1 Road 74

4.1.2 Ports 76 4.1.3 Airports 79

4.1.4 Railways 79

4.2 Communication 82 4.2.1 Telephone Services 83

4.2.2 Postal Communication 84

4.3 Water Resource Management 84 iviviv Regionial Physical Framework Plan Volume 2

4.3.1 Irrigation 84

4.3.2 Potable Water Supply 86 4.3.3 Water Supply (Household Level) 87

4.3.4 Summary of Issues/Concerns on Water 88

4.3.5 Flood Control 88 4.4 Power/Electricity 88

4.4.1 Power Generation 88

4.4.2 Energization of Municipalities and Cities 91 by Service Provider

4.4.3 Energization of Barangays 91

4.4.4 Households Using Electricity for Lighting 92 and Cooking

4.5 Social Infrastructure 93

4.5.1 Health Facilities 93 4.5.2 Basic Education Facilities and Manpower 93

4.5.3 Technical and Higher Education Facilities 97 4.5.4 Housing Facilities 97

4.5.5 Social Welfare Institutions 98

5 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT

5.1 Air Quality 99 5.2 Water Ecosystem 99

5.3 Forest and Upland Ecosystem 99

5.3.1 Forest Land 99 5.3.2 Forest Cover 101

5.3.3 Reforestation Program 102

5.4 Biodiversity 102 5.5 Solid Waste Disposal 107

5.6 Use of Solid Fuels 107

5.7 Toilet Facilities 108

vvv Table of Contents

B. DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE AND REGIONAL ECONOMY

1 POPULATION DIMENSION

1.1 Trends in Population Size 110

1.2 Population 110

1.2.1 Population Size by Province 110 1.2.2 Population Size by Catchment Area/ 111

Urban Growth Cluster

1.2.3 Urban and Rural Population Distribution 112 1.3 Population Growth Rate and Density 112

1.4 Age-Sex Structure 113

1.5 Fertility and Its Proximate Determinants 115 1.6 Migration 116

1.7 Population Momentum 117

1.8 Future Growth 117 1.9 Issues/Concerns 119

2 REGIONAL ECONOMY AND EMPLOYMENT

2.1 Regional Growth and Share to National Economy 120 2.2 Sectoral Distribution of GRDP 121

2.2.1 Industry Sector 121

2.2.2 Service Sector 121 2.2.3 Agriculture Sector 122

2.3 Economic Specialization 122

2.4 Employment Situation 123 2.5 Family Income and Poverty Situation 127

2.6 Income Classification of LGUs 129

vivivi List of Tables

PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS

3 2.1 Political Subdivisions CALABARZON, 2000 2.2 Land Classification by Province (In hectares) 4

CALABARZON, 2002

2.3 Forest Land Classification by Province (In hectares) 4 CALABARZON, 2002

2.4 Distribution of Slope Range (Area in hectares) 6 CALABARZON, 2000 9 2.5 Distribution of Rocks by Type and by Province

CALABARZON Region, 1998 10 2.6 Climatic Type, Rainfall, Temperature and Relative Humidity, by province

CALABARZON, 2000 13 2.7 Main Features of Principal Volcanoes in CALABARZON, 1998

PRODUCTION LAND USE

2.8 Total Land Area, Certified A & D and NPAAD Areas by Province 14

CALABARZON, 1998 & 2002 2.9 A & D and Agricultural Lands Distributed by Province and Agency 15

CALABARZON 1987-2004* 16 2.10 Status of Land Conversion CALABARZON, 1984-1999

2.11 Croplands by Major Crops and Province 17 CALABARZON, 2001 viiviivii List of Tables

2.12 Total Agricultural Lands/NPAAD, Total Croplands 17 and Utilization Rate by Province CALABARZON, 2002

2.13 Distribution of SAFDZ Areas and Remaining 18

NAPAAD Areas by Province CALABARZON, 2001

2.14 Area Occupied by Livestock and Poultry Industry 18

CALABARZON, 2002 2.15 Fishery Resources 20

CALABARZON, 1998

2.16 Sufficiency Levels of Major Food Commodities by Province 22 CALABARZON, 2002

2.17 Yellow Corn Feed Commodity Sufficiency Levels 23

CALABARZON Region, 2002 2.18 Land Acquisition and Distribution Target by Year (In has) 23

CALABARZON, 2004-2010 2.19 Agrarian Reform Communities Launched by Province 25

CALABARZON, 2004

2.20 Selected Non-Metallic Minerals / Volume of Production 28 CALABARZON Region, 1998- 2002 29 2.21 Existing Mineral Permitees by Province

CALABARZON Region, 2003 31 2.22 Status of Ecozones

CALABARZON, 2003

2.23 Growth Rate of Economic Zones 33 CALABARZON Region, 1993-2003 39 2.24 Foreign and Domestic Tourist Travel Movements by

Region(In thousands)Philippines, 1990-2002 2.25 Distribution of Travelers by Province (In thousands) 39

CALABARZON, 2000-2002 viiiviiiviii Regionial Physical Framework Plan Volume 2

PROTECTION LAND USE

2.26 Erosion Classes by Province 61 CALABARZON Region, 1990-1991

URBANIZATION AND SETTLEMENTS PATTERN

2.27 Number and Percentage of Urban Barangays and Population 64 CALABARZON, 2000

2.28 Total Land Area, A & D, Estimated Built-Up Areas and 67

Percentage of Built-up Areas from A & D CALABARZON Region, 20002

2.29 Scalogram of Development Clusters 71 2.30 Population Growth Rate by Urban-Rural and 72 Urban-Rural Growth Differential (URGD)

CALABARZON Region, 1970-2000

INFRASTRUCTURE AND UTILITIES

2.31 Road Sections with Estimated Annual Estimate 75 Average Daily Traffic (ADDT) >10,000)

CALABARZON, 1999 2.32 Road Densities and Paved Road Ratio by Province CALABARZON, 2000 76

2.33 Number and Length of Existing National Bridges by Province/City

CALABARZON, 2002-2003 (Length/span in kilometers)

2.34 Distribution of Ports by Province, Classification and Status 77 CALABARZON Region, 1999

2.35 Inventory of Airport as of 30 June 2000 79 CALABARZON Region, 2000

2.36 Installed Telephone Lines vs. Subscribed Telephone Lines 82 CALABARZON, 1999 and 2002 2.37 Number of Municipalities/Cities with Telephone Service 83 CALABARZON, 1995-1999

ixixix List of Tables

2.38 Postal Indicators 84 CALABARZON, CY 2000 – CY 2002

2.39 Palay Area Harvested , Production and Yield by Farm Type 86 CALABARZON, 1997 – 2002

2.40 Water Supply Coverage Targets by Province 87

CALABARZON, 2000 2.41 Households by Main Source of Water Supply 87

for Drinking and/ or Cooking

CALABARZON Region, 1990 & 2000

2.42 Summary of Water Issues/Problems of CALA Covered LGUs 88

2.43 Flood Prone Areas in 89 CALABARZON 2.44 Power Plan by Location, Type and Capacity 91

CALABARZON Region, 2004 92 2.45 Status of Energization by Service Provider CALABARZON, 2000 92 2.46 Percentage Households who are using Electricity for

Lighting and Percentage of Households who are using Electricity, Kerosene & LPG for Cooking

CALABARZON Region, 1990 & 2000

2.47 Number of Schools in Elementary and Secondary Level 93 CALABARZON Region, SY 1996 - 1997, SY 2001 – 2002

2.48 Elementary Class-Classroom Ratio by Division 95 CALABARZON Region, SY 1994-1995 to 1999-2000 2.49 Secondary Class-Classroom Ratio by Division 95

CALABARZON Region, SY 1996-1997 to 1999-2000

2.50 Number of Barangays Without Public Elementary Schools (ES) 97 And Municipalities without Public High Schools (HS)

CALABARZON Region, SY 2004 xxx Regionial Physical Framework Plan Volume 2

2.51 Households to Occupied Housing Units 98 CALABARZON Region, 1960-2000 2.52 Household Population to Occupied Housing Units by 98

Type of Building and City/Municipality

CALABARZON Region, 1990 & 2000

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT

2.53 Land Area Classification by Province 99 CALABARZON Region, 2004

2.54 Change in Certified Alienable and Disposable and Forest Lands 100 CALABARZON: 1990 and 2004

2.55 Percentage Forest Cover by Province 101 CALABARZON, 2004

2.56 Distribution of Forest Cover by Land Classification and Province 102 CALABARZON, 2005

2.57 Proportion of land area covered by forest based on area 103 reforested by the DENR IV-A and private sectors

Philippines and CALABARZON: 1976-2005 2.58 Area reforested by the DENR IV-A and Private Sector 103

CALABARZON Region, 1976-2005

2.59 Total Protected Areas by Province (in Hectares) 103 CALABARZON Region

2.60 NIPAS Components that Overlapped with Conservation 104

Priority Areas in CALABARZON 107 2.61 Households by Usual Manner of Garbage Disposal

CALABARZON Region, 1990 & 2000

2.62 Proportion of Households Using Solid Fuels for Cooking 108 CALABARZON, 1990 and 2000

2.63 Households by Kind of Toilet Facility Being Used 108

CALABARZON Region, 1990 & 2000

xixixi List of Tables

POPULATION DIMENSION

2.64 Total Population by Selected Regions and Percentage Share 110 Philippines and Selected Regions, 1970-2000

2.65 Total Population and Percentage Share by Province 111 CALABARZON Region, 1970-2000

2.66 Total Population and Percentage Share by 111 Major Cathchment/Cluster Areas CALABARZON Region, 1970-2000

2.67 Percentage Distribution of Urban-Rural Population 112

CALABARZON Region, 1970-2000 113 2.68 Population Growth Rate

CALABARZON Region, 1970-2000

2.69 Population Growth Rate and Density by Province and Cluster 114 CALABARZON Region, 1970-2000

2.70 Median Age, Sex Ratio and Age Dependency Ratio 115 CALABARZON, 1990, 1995 AND 2000

2.71 Selected Fertility Indicators by Selected Regions 115 Philippines, 2003 2.72 Percentage of Household Population Five Years Old and 116 Over who Remained in the Same City/Municipality

and Province Five Years Ago CALABARZON Region, 1990 and 2000

2.73 Female Population Below 20 Years Old by Selected Regions 117

Philippines, 2000

2.74 Estimated Population Doubling Time of 117 CALABARZON Provinces and Catchment Areas

2.75 Actual and Projected Population by Province and 118 Catchment Areas

CALABARZON. 2000-2030 xiixiixii Regionial Physical Framework Plan Volume 2

REGIONAL ECONOMY AND EMPLOYMENT SITUATION

2.76 Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) and 120

Growth Rates Philippines,

Southern Tagalog, 1992-2002 and CALABARZON, 2002-2005At Constant Prices (1985=100)

2.77 Average Share to GDP, GVA and GRDP by Sector 121 Southern Tagalog and CALABARZON Region, 1992-2005

2.78 Population 15 Years Old and Over by Sex and Employment Status, 124 Urban-Rural, CALABARZON Region, 1994-2002

2.79 Labor Force and Employment 125 CALABARZON Region, 1993-2002 125 2.80 Employment by Industry (in thousands)

CALABARZON Region, 1994-2003

2.81 Poverty IncidencePhilippines, 127 CALABARZON and Provinces, 1991-2000

APPENDIX TABLES 131 1 Selected Non-Metallic Minerals/Volume of Production by Province

CALABARZON Region, 1998-2002

2 List of Special Economic Zone 135 CALABARZON Region, 2004

3 Ecozone Investments by Industry (In Million Pesos) 136

CALABARZON, 1997

xiiixiiixiii List of Figures

PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS

2 2.1 Location Map and Provincial Delineation, CALABARZON Region

2.2 Region’s Percentage Share to the Philippines Total Land Area 3 2.3 Slope Map, 7 CALABARZON Region

2.4 Climate Map, 8 CALABARZON Region 2.5 Map of Lakes, 9 CALABARZON Region

2.6 Distribution of Active and Inactive Volcanoes 12 CALABARZON Region

PRODUCTION LAND USE

16 2.7 Agricultural Croplands by Major Crops

CALABARZON Region, 17 2.8 NAPAAD and SAFDZ Map

2.9 Distribution of Municipal Fishery Production by Province (in MT) 12

CALABARZON Region, 2000-2003

2.10 Value of Agricultural Production 21 CALABARZON, 2003

2.11 Agrarian Reform Communities 24 CALABARZON Region

2.12 Mineral Resources Map (Metallic) 26 xixixivvv Regionial Physical Framework Plan Volume 2

CALABARZON Region 27 2.13 Mineral Resources Map (Non-Metallic) CALABARZON Region

2.14 Map of Ecozones 32

2.15 Natural Tourism Areas 35

2.16 Cultural/Historical Tourism Areas 36

2.17 Man-Made Tourism Areas 37

PROTECTION LAND USE

2.18 National Integrated Protected Areas System (NIPAS)CALABARZON Region 41

2.19 Preliminary Geohazard Map 53 2.20 Distribution of Active Faults in CALABARZON 54 2.21 Photo Taal Volcano 56

2.22 Taal Volcano Base Surges Hazard Map 57 2.23 Taal Volcano Ballistic Projectiles Hazard Map 58 2.24 Taal Volcano Seiches/Lakewater Oscillation and Fissuring Hazard Map 60

2.25 Erosion Map 62

URBANIZATION AND SETTLEMENTS PATTERN

2.26 Number and Percentage Distribution of Urban-Rural Barangays 63 CALABARZON, 2000

2.27 Urban-Rural Classification of Barangays 65

CALABARZON Region, 2000

2.28 Built-Up Areas 66 CALABARZON Region

2.29 Existing Hierarchy of Settlements 68 CALABARZON Region, 2000 69 2.30 Urban Development Cluster/Corridor

CALABARZON Region

xvxvxv List of Figures

2.31 Actual and Projected Proportion of Urban 71 and Rural Population CALABARZON Region, 1970-2030

2.32 Change in Population Density by City/Municipality 73

CALABARZON Region, 1980-2000

INFRASTRUCTURE AND UTILITIES

2.33 Number of Vehicles Registered and Annual Growth Rate 75

CALABARZON Region, 1995-2002

2.34 Batangas Port Statistics 78 CALABARZON Region, 1998-2002

2.35 PNR Train Operations 80

CALABARZON Region, 1999-2003 2.36 Existing Road Network 81

CALABARZON Region, 2004

2.37 Teleledensity by Province 82 CALABARZON Region, 2002

2.38 Telephone Main Line Density 83 ALABARZON Region, 1999-2002

2.39 Irrigation Status by Province 85 CALABARZON, 1996 and 2002

2.40 CALABARZON’s Power Contribution to the Luzon Grid 89 2.41 Power Generation Mix by Province 89 2.42 Distribution of Power Plans by Type 90 2.43 Distribution of Tertiary Hospitals 94 CALABARZON, 2002

2.44 Distribution of Higher Education Institutions 96 CALABARZON, 2002

xvixvixvi Regionial Physical Framework Plan Volume 2

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT

2.45Distribution of Forests by ProvinceCALABARZON, 2004 100

POPULATION DIMENSION

2.46 Percentage Urban-Rural Population by Selected Regions (in Percent) 112 Philippines and Selected Regions , 2000

2.47 Age-Sex Population Pyramid 114 CALABARZON, 2000

REGIONAL ECONOMY AND EMPLOYMENT SITUATION

2.48 Distribution of Manufacturing Establishments 123 CALABARZON Region, 2000

2.49 Economic Specialization of Cities and Municipalities 126 2.50 Income classification of Cities and Municipalities 128 CALABARZON, 2003

xviixviixvii List of Acronyms

A & D Alienable and Disposable AFMA Agriculture and Fisheries Modernization Act APIS Annual Poverty Indicator Survey ARC Agrarian Reform Community ARI Acute Respiratory Infection ATO Air Transportation Office

BAS Bureau of Agricultural Statistics BFAR Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources BPO Barangay Post Office BSWM Bureau of Soils and Water Management

CALA Cavite, Laguna CALABARZON Cavite, Laguna, Batangas, Rizal, Quezon CARP Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program CBD Central Business District CEPZ Cavite Export Processing Zone CHED Commission on Higher Education CLUP Comprehensive Land Use Plan CMTS Cellular Mobile Telephone Services CPH Census of Population Housing CvSU Cavite State University

DA Department of Agriculture DAR Department of Agrarian Reform DENR Department of Agrarian Reform DEPED Department of Education DILG Department of Interior and Local Government DOE Department of Energy DOH Department of Health DOJ Department of Justice DOLE Department of Labor and Employment xviiixviiixviii Regionial Physical Framework Plan Volume 2

DOST Department of Science and Technology DOT Department of Tourism DOTC Department of Transportation and Communication DPWH Department of Public Works and Highways DTI Department of Trade and Industry EMB Environmental Management Bureau EO Executive Order EPZ Export Processing Zone

FAB Fernando Air Base FDI Foreign Direct Investment

GDP Gross Domestic Product GNP Gross National Product GRDP Gross Regional Domestic Product GVA Gross Value Added

HDI Human Development Index HEI Higher Education Institution HLURB Housing and Land Use Regulatory Board HU Housing Unit HUDCC Housing and Urban Development Coordinating Council HYV High Yielding Variety

ICC Investment Coordination Committee ICT Information Communication Technology IEs Industrial Estates IPs Indigenous People IRRI International Rice Research Institute

JICA Japan International Cooperation AGency

LA CASSA Cuenca, Agoncillo, Alitagtag San Nicolas, Santa Teresita LDP Local Development Plan LGU Local Government Unit LLBC Laguna Lakeshore and Banahaw Corridor LLDA Laguna Lake Development Authority LRT Light Railway Transit

ixxixxixx List of Acronyms

LTO Land Transportation Office LSPC Laguna State Polytechnic College LWUA Local Water Utilities Administration

MGB Mines and Geosciences Bureau MIMAROPA Mindoro Oriental, Mindoro Occidental, Marinduque, Romblon, Palawan MMUTIS Metro Manila Urban Transport Integration Study MRT Manila Railway Transit MSME Micro-Small-Medium Enterprise MSR Manila South Road MTPDP Medium-Term Philippine Development Plan MTRDP Medium-Term Regional Development Plan MWSS Manila Waterworks and Sewerage System

NAIA Ninoy Aquino International Airport NAMRIA National Mapping and Resource Information Authority NDHS National Demographic and Health Survey NCIP National Commission on Indigenous People NCR National Capital Region NEDA National Economic and Development Authority NES National Ecotourism Strategy NFPP National Framework for Physical Planning NGOs Non-Government Organizations NIPAS National Integrated Protected Areas System NLUC National Land Use Committee NPAAAD Network of Protected Areas for Agricultural and Agro Industrial Development NSCB National Statistical Coordination Board NSO National Statistics Office

PA Protected Area PAGASA Philippine Atmospheric Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration PAWB Parks and Wildlife Bureau PCA Philippine Coconut Authority PEMC Professional Environmental Management Corporation PEMSEA Partnership in Environmental Management for the Seas of East Asia xxxxxx Regionial Physical Framework Plan Volume 2

PEZA Philippine Economic Zone Authority PGR Population Growth Rate PHILPOST Philippine Postal Corporation PHIVOLCS Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology PNR Philippine National Railway PPA Philippine Ports Authority PPDO Provincial Planning and Development Office PPFP Provincial Physical Framework Plan PO People’s Organization PTMP Philippine Tourism Master Plan

RA Republic Act RBADC Resource-Based Area Development Cluster RDC Regional Development Council R & D Research and Development REINA Real, Infanta, and General Nakar RICALA Rizal Cavite Laguna RLUC Regional Land Use Committee RPFP Regional Physical Framework Plan RRTS Road Roll-On-Roll-Off (RoRo) Terminal System RSC Rural Service Center

SAFDZ Strategic Agriculture and Fisheries Development Zones S & T Science and Technology SLEX Southern Luzon Expressway SLPC Southern Luzon Polytechnic College SME Small-Medium Enterprise SRNH Strong Republic Nautical Highway

TFR Total Fertility Rate

UCBATC Upland Cavite-Batangas Agri-Tourism Center UGC Urban Growth Cluster UGCC Urban Growth Cluster Center URGD Urban-Rural Growth Differentials URS University of Rizal System

ZOMAP Zonal Map

xxixxixxi Acknowledgment

A. REGIONAL LAND USE COMMITTEE (RLUC)

1. Dir. Severinco C. Santos - Chairman, NEDA IV-A

2. Dir. Belen G. Ceniza - Co-Chairwoman, HLURB IV-A

3. Dir. Dennis B. Araullo - DA IV 4. Dir. Dominador B. Andres - DAR IV-A

5. Dir. Antonio C. Principe - DENR IV-A

6. Dir. Roberto C. Abejero - DILG IV-A 7. Dir. Louella C. Jurilla - DOT IV-A

8. Dir. Lina L. Estrada - DOTC IV-A 9.. Dir. Marilou Q. Toledo - DTI IV-A

10. Dir. Bonifacio O. Seguit - DPWH IV-A

11. Dir. Rosa Macas - BFAR IV-A 12. Dr. Rogelio Concepcion - BSWM

13. Dir. Jesse A. Obligacion - HLURB-ENCR

14. Dir. Ronald Fontamillas - HUDCC 15. Dir. Arnulfo V. Cabantog - DENR-MGB IV-A

16. Dir. Belino P. Osingat, Sr. - NCIP IV

17. Dir. Teresa Mondita S. Lim - PAWB 18. Engr. Alex T. Calicanto - PPA

19. Mr. Arsenio M., Cay, Jr. - Batangas

20. Ms. Eden V. Austria - Cavite 21. Mr. Valentin P. Guidote, Jr. - Laguna

22. Engr. Irma P. Garde - Quezon

23. Ms. Gertie A. Sison - Rizal xxiixxiixxii Regionial Physical Framework Plan Volume 2

B. RLUC TECHNICAL WORKING GROUP

1. Ms. Maribeth H. Ramos - BFAR IV-A 2. Mr. Joven P. Espineli - BSWM

3. Mr. Angelito P. Gonzales - DA IV-A

4. Mr. Edeltrudes C. Flores - DTI IV-A 5. Mr. Arvin Vinluan - DILG IV-A

6. Mr. Ramil R. Limpiada - DENR-LEP

7. Ms. Ronita A. Undayao - DENR-PAWD 8. Mr. Mario R. Daga - DOT IV-A

9. Ms. Lilia J. Lumbera - HLURB IV-A

10. Ms. Nora Diaz - HLURB-ENR 11. Ms. Sailani Bassig - HUDCC

12. Ms. Virginia R. Malantic - LTO/DOTC

13. Mr. Elmer B. Billedo - MGB 14. Ms. Sandy P. Padilla - NCIP IV

15. Ms. Mariden E. Maranan - PAWB 16. Mr. Antonio L. Bayani - PPA IV

17. Ms. Socorro R. Perez - Batangas

18. Ms. Lorena C. Cron - Cavite 19. Mr. Ariel P. Peñaranda - Laguna

20. Mr. William R. Arjona - Quezon

21. Ms. Leila C. Reynes - Rizal

C. RESOURCE PERSON AND DATA/INFORMATION PROVIDERS

1. Dr. Arturo Corpuz - Ayala Land, Inc.

2. Director Rosalinda P. Bautista - National Statistics Office (NSO)

3. Ms. Pamela Lapitan - National Statistics and Coordination Board (NSCB)

xxiiixxiiixxiii Acknowledgement

D. OVERALL COORDINATION, REVIEW AND ADMINISTRATIVE SUPPORT COMMITTEE Dir. Severino C. Santos

OIC ARD Liberty A. Abellon

Plan Formulation Group, NEDA IV-A 1. Mr. Donald James Gawe, Spvg. EDS/OIC

2. Mr. Antonio P. Robles, Sr. EDS

3. Ms. Agnes A. Daantos, Sr. EDS 4. Mr. Jedel Ervin M. Tabamo, Sr. EDS

5. Ms. Elisa I. Pandela, EDS II

6. Mr. Roc Escosio, EDS II 7. Ms. Antonina De Chavez, EDS I

Program and Project Group, NEDA IV-A

8. Fidel T. Udarbe, Chief, EDS 9. Ms. Rebecca A. Salangsang, Spvg. EDS

10. Ms. Emilinda S. Evangelista, Sr. EDS 11. Mr. Cesar M.R. Palacio, Sr. EDS

12. Engr. Josephine D. Hapil, Sr. EDS

13. Engr. Alan T. Del Socorro, EDS II Administrative Support

14. Ms. Arlita E. Lopez

15. Ms. Alicia C. Billutes 16. Mr. Lorenzo F. Tamayo

17. Ms. Flordeliza G. Lagdameo

18. Ms. Norayda N. Ragasa 19. Ms. Nelia C. Villaflor

20. Ms. Kathleen Melendrez

21. Ms. Richeal M. Jastive 22. Mr. Farhad E. Ali Asgari 23. Mr. Tomas Q. Lipit 24. Mr. Francis P. Que 25. Mr. Pepito R. Ponce xxivxxivxxiv Other Sources of Data/Information

1. ATO 6. DOST 11. NSO 2. BAS 7. DPWH 12. PCS 3. DAR 8. LWUA 13. PEZA 4. DOE 9. NAMRIA 14. PHILVOCS 5. DOLE 10. NSCB 15. PNR

References

State of the Philippine Forests: The National Forest Assessment of 2003 by Mr. Romeo T. Acosta

Way Forward Action Plan for Sustainable Forest Development of the Philippines by Sec. Victor O. Ramos and Usec. Florentino O. Tesoro

Philippine Agenda 21

Philippine Biodiversity Conservation Priorities

Cavite-Laguna Urban Development and Environmental Management Study

Manila Bay Coastal Strategy

Laguna de Bay Region Master Plan and the Zone Management Plan

The Environment and the Millenium Development Goals

CALABARZON MDG

National Framework for Physical Planning

Philippine Forestry Statistics

Protection Land Use by Mr. Candido A. Cabrido, Jr.

Strategic Environmental Plan for the Batangas Bay Region, ENRO, Batangas

Taal Volcano Island Natiional Park “World’s Lowest and Deadliest Volcano”, DENR

Philippine Statistical Year Book

Southern Tagalog Regional Socio-economic Trends

Provincial Physical Framework Plans (Cavite, Batangas, Laguna, Quezon, Rizal)

Provincial Socio-Economic Profile (Cavite, Batangas, Laguna, Quezon, Rizal)

xxvxxvxxv

Physical 1 Characteristic

1.1 Geographical Location and Political is bounded on the north by Central Luzon provinces Subdivision (i.e. Bulacan and Aurora), on the east by the Philippine Sea, southeast by Bicol Peninsula, on the CALABARZON is situated Southeast of Metro south by Tayabas Bay-Lubang Verde Island Passage, Manila, Region IV-B (MIMAROPA) and Region V (Bicol and on the west by South China Sea and the Metro Region), and North of Region III (Central Luzon). It Manila.

Figure 2.1 Location Map and Provincial Delineation CALABARZON Region, Philippines

222 Regionial Physical Framework Plan Volume 2

CALABARZON consists of five TableTable A.1.1 2.1 Political Subdivisions provinces, 19 congressional CALABARZON, 2000 districts, 11 cities, 131 municipalities and 4,009 barangays Number2/ Provincial Congres- (Figure 2.1, Table 2.1). The eleven Province Munici- Capital sional Cities Barangays palities cities of the region are Cavite City, Districts Trece Martirez City, Tagaytay City Trece (Cavite), Calamba City, San Pablo Cavite Martirez 3 3 20 828 City, Sta. Rosa City (Laguna), City Batangas City, Lipa City, Tanauan Laguna Sta. Cruz 4 3 27 674 City (Batangas), Antipolo City (Rizal) Batangas Batangas 4 3 31 1,078 and Lucena City (Quezon). Among City the cities, Lucena City is the only Rizal Pasig City 4 1 13 187 highly urbanized city. Quezon has the most number of municipalities and Quezon Lucena City 4 1 40 1,242 barangays while Rizal province has Total 19 11 131 4009 the least.

1.2 Land Area and Land Classification

The region has a total land area of 1,622,861 Of the total land area of the region, more than hectares or 5.4 percent of the country’s total land one half or 64.6 percent is A & D while only 34.4 area of 30 million hectares (Figure 2.2). The region percent is forestland. Quezon Province has the is the 6th smallest in terms of land area among the biggest area classified as alienable and disposable 17 administrative regions of the country. Quezon has at 474,439 hectares. Rizal has the least at 63,889 the largest land area with 870,660 hectares, while hectares. Quezon accounts for the biggest forest area the province of Cavite has the smallest with 128,755 of 396,221 hectares followed by Batangas at 48,821 hectares. hectares, and Laguna at 41,253 hectares. Cavite has the smallest forestland of only 21,022 hectares.

Figure 2.2 Three fourths of the region’s forest are classified as Timberland while only 0.005 are classified as Civil Reservation. Among the provinces, Quezon has the most number of national parks with 9,541 hectares followed by Batangas with 8,537 hectares. Laguna accounts only for 2,754 hectares of national parks while Cavite and Rizal did not have any data. It is also noticeable that among the three provinces data on forest reserve, Quezon province accounts for the most number with 72,606 hectares. The province also has the most number of unclassified lands with 6,887 hectares.

333 1. Physical Characteristic

is mostly elevated lands; rolling hills, small TableTable A.1.2 2.2 Land Classification by Province (In hectares) low flat lands with scattered mountainous CALABARZON, 2002 areas. The province has seven principal rivers and five mountains. Certified Forest Province Total Area A & D Lands Boundaries: North-Cavite; South-Verde Region IV-A 1,622,861 1,048,541 574,320 Island Passage; East-Laguna and Quezon; West- Batangas 316,581 267,760 48,821 South China Sea. Cavite 128,755 107,733 21,022 Laguna 175,973 134,720 41,253 CAVITE Quezon 870,660 474,439 396,221 Topography: Situated at the entrance of Manila Rizal 130,892 63,889 67,003 Bay; Cavite is characterized by rolling SOURCE: Department of Environment and Natural Resources hinterlands punctuated by hills; shoreland fronting Manila Bay at sea level; and rugged

TableTable A.1.3 2.3 Forest Land Classification (In hectares) CALABARZON, 2002

National Military & Forest Established Civil Fish Province Total Unclassified Total Parks Naval Reserve Timberland Reser-vation Pond GRBS/ WA Reservation Region IV-A 574,320 16,811 557,509 98,825 432,379 20,832 3,688 28 1,757 Batangas 48,821 5,777 43,044 34,137 8,537 51 319 Cavite 21,022 4,147 16,875 14,076 2,799 Laguna 41,253 41,253 3,637 34,588 2,754 274 Quezon 396,221 6,887 389,334 72,606 305,721 9,541 28 1,438 Rizal 67,003 67,003 22,582 43,857 564 SOURCE: Department of Environment and Natural Resources

1.3 Topography portion at the boundary of Batangas where Dos Picos mountains are located. The province has The region has one of the most varied two principal rivers and two mountains. landforms in the country, consisting of flat coastal area, upland interior areas of slightly moderate Boundaries: Northeast-NCR and Laguna; rolling or undulating plains and hills, and mountains. Southwest-Batangas; West- South China Sea; Northwest-Manila Bay. BATANGAS LAGUNA Topography: Located at the southwestern part of Luzon; Batangas’ terrain Topography: Situated at the southern end of

444 Regionial Physical Framework Plan Volume 2 the province of Rizal, Laguna is an inland Metropolitan Manila. It has undulating hills and province though not totally landlocked, as most a few rugged slopes that make-up the southern of its northwestern portion is along Laguna de foothills of the Sierra Madre ranges. Eastern Bay while the hinterlands of the Sierra Madre portion is composed of gently rolling hills Mountain ranges from level to steep. The area’s broken only a few ridges; western part is low highest peak is Mount Makiling. The province and flat. has seven principal rivers and ten mountains. The province has two principal rivers and 36 Boundaries: North-Laguna de Bay; mountains. South-Batangas; East-Quezon; West- Batangas and Cavite. Boundaries: North-Bulacan; South- Laguna de Bay; East-Quezon; West- NCR. QUEZON 1.4 Slope Topography: Located along the eastern portion of the Luzon seacoast, Quezon has a rugged Slope is one of the most important land terrain with few plains, valleys and swamps. characteristics being considered in land use Only narrow strips of land along the coast and suitability evaluation. Slope controls the direction river valleys are available for growing crops. and often the quantity of surface drainage (or run- The undulating lowlands along the coast are off) and influences soil erosion susceptibility and well drained. The Sierra Madre range runs along rainfall infiltration into the soil. It also determines the entire length of the province. Mount the ultimate use of the land. Banahaw towering with 2,169 meters above sea level is the most prominent peak of the Lands with 0-18 percent slope are best suited range. for agricultural use, urban and rural settlements, industrial, institutional and infrastructure The province is very narrow, averaging about development. Those areas with 9-50 percent slope 30 kilometers in its width, small coastal are suited to perennial crops, pasture and agro- lowlands rimmed by rugged highlands in the forestry; and those areas with slope gradient of more interiors. There are also several islands, which than 50 percent are solely for forest development. are part of the province. The largest among the islands is Polillo Island. The province has The region has a 59.73 percent land area with five principal rivers and 26 mountains. slopes ranging from 0-18. This presents opportunity for agricultural use, urban and rural settlements, Boundaries: North-Aurora and Bulacan; industrial, and institutional and infrastructure Southeast-Camarines Norte and Camarines Sur; development. Slope distribution by province is East-Philippine Sea and South Tayabas Bay; presented in Table 2.4 and Figure 2.3. West- Batangas, Laguna and Rizal The province of Quezon provides more RIZAL opportunity for agriculture and agri-industrial- related production activities and for settlement Topography: Situated at the Northern purposes, and the province of Rizal provides the least part of Luzon, Rizal province surrounds opportunity.

555 1. Physical Characteristic

TableTable A.1.42.4 Distribution of Slope Range (Area in hectares) CALABARZON, 2000

Slope range (%)

Strongly Level to Gently Moderately Very steep sloping to Steep hills Province nearly sloping to sloping to hills and Total moderatel and mts. level undulating rolling mountains y steep (30-50 %) (0-3 %) (3-8 %) (8-18 %) (>50 %) (18-30 %)

Batangas 25,253 54,624 118,490 12,810 17,750 87,654 316,581

Cavite 26,603 30,438 40,330 7,644 6,154 17,586 128,755

Laguna 47,194 24,460 50,487 10,558 18,658 24,616 175,973

Quezon 141,976 73,360 289,044 16,314 139,026 210,940 870,660 Rizal 7,330 6,448 33,232 332 33,950 49,600 130,892

CALABARZON 248,356 189,330 531,583 47,658 215,538 390,396 1,622,861 Percent to total land area 15.30 11.67 32.76 2.94 13.28 24.06 100

Source: ALMED, Bureau of Soils and Water Management

1.5 Soil Physiography And Soil Suitability

There are three types of soil commonly found to upland crops (i.e. upland rice, corn, vegetable in the region. These are: (a) clay (clay loam, loam and fruit orchards). In the lower areas of these prov- and sandy loam); (b) fine sandy loam (silt loam, inces, the soil is of clay loam type with fine sandy adobe and sandy clay loam); and (c) the soil of fresh materials good for rice farming. In Laguna, the hy- water marshes, hydorosol found around the Laguna drosol type plus clay loam type soil with fine sandy lakeshores. Approximately two-third of the total land materials found in the lakeshore has given rise to area is characterized by well-drained, deep, low fairly homogenous lowland rice farming pattern in fertility acid soils, considered best for root crops the province. and agro-forestry. Soil types in the upland plains of Quezon and In most part of Batangas, Cavite, including the Laguna are characterized by the clay, clay loam Western part of Rizal and Laguna, the types of soil and sandy loam suited to coconut agricultural pat- range from sandy loam to clay, loam generally suited terns.

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777 1. Physical Characteristic

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1.6 Rock type and their distribution

Different kind of rocks can be found in the Region (Table 2.5). Among these are quarts, limestone, sandstone, granite and volcanic rocks.

Table 2.5 Distribution of Rocks by Type and by Province CALABARZON, 1998

Province Location/Distribution Rock Type Batangas Greatest part of Batangas Andesite, limestone, agglomerate Tuff, alluruim, quartz- diorite, Metavolcanics and metasediments Cavite Greatest part of Cavite Volcanic materials, tuff, cinders, Basalt, breccia, agglomerate and interbeddings of shales and sandstones Laguna Southern shores of Laguna de Bay, Western side Alluruim conglomerate sandstone, Tuffite, andesite basalt of Mount Makiling, Nagcarlan and Mt. Lagula and volcanic Breccia Quezon Bondoc Peninsula, Polillo Island and other parts of Limestone, diorite, andesite Quezon Rizal The whole area Metavolcanic, diorite, sedimentary Rocks and limestone

SOURCE: Bureau of Mines and Geo-Sciences

1.7 Climate

Based on the data gathered and analyzed from the thirteen (13) of the Philippine Atmospheric, Geo-physical & Astronomical Services Administra- Type I Characterized by a distinct dry season tion (PAGASA) climatological stations all over the from November to April and wet season region, CALABARZON has four types of climate, during the rest of the year. This type of climate covers the whole provinces of namely: Cavite and Batangas, western parts of Laguna and Rizal. Figure 2.4 shows the Climatic type of the re- Type II Characterized by a very pronounced gion while Table 2.6 shows the Climatic Type, maximum rainy period from November to amount of Rainfall, Temperature and Relative Hu- January, with no distinct dry season. The midity by province. areas covered by this type of climate are the easternmost part of Quezon province including the Polillo group of islands. The general climate condition in the region The mean annual rainfall received by promotes agricultural activities except for some these areas exceeds 3,500 millimeters. areas in Quezon, particularly for Polillo Island, Type III Characterized by a relatively dry season which is classified as Type II. Most parts of Quezon from January to April and wet during the is conducive to farming. However, despite having a rest of the year. The areas covered by this type of climate are the eastern part large land area that can be devoted for agricul- of Batangas, Laguna and Rizal. tural activities, Quezon’s terrain is almost equally Type IV Characterized by an even distribution of mountainous and sloping. Some areas in Rizal could rainfall throughout the year, covering also be promoted for agricultural use. However, the central part of Quezon, including the Rizal is similar to Quezon as most of its areas are islands of Alabat. mountainous and sloping.

999 1. Physical Characteristic

TableTable A.1.6 2.6 Climatic Type, Rainfall, Temperature and Relative Humidity, by Province CALABARZON, 2000

Rainfall Temperature Province Type of Climate Max Min Mean Max Min Mean Type I – two pronounced seasons, dry from Batangas 317.6 3.5 152 37 18.5 28 November to April and wet during the rest of the year Type III – no distinct dry season Type I – two pronounced seasons, dry from Cavite 401.6 6.6 161 36.9 20.3 28 November to April and wet during the rest of the year Type III – no distinct dry season Type I – two pronounced seasons, dry from Laguna November to April and wet during the rest of the year Type III – no distinct dry season The climate affecting 80% of the province belongs to Quezon the type no. II, while the rest of the province belongs to type IV Type I – The Western part of the province has distinct dry and wet seasons, the first from December to April and latter from May to November. The eastern portion has rainfall evenly distributed throughout the Rizal year. The mild and pleasant climate of the province is 891 7.2 258 35.5 19.3 27.09 due to the breeze coming from Manila Bay and Laguna Lake with the cooling effect of the green hills and mountains. The Sierra Madre ranges protect it from strong typhoons from the Pacific Source: Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration

1.8 Water Resources

There are nine lakes in the region, seven of and Lamon Bay which is found in Quezon. Large which are found in San Pablo City, Laguna. The seven amount of underground waters are found in the flat lakes in San Pablo City are Bunot, Calibato, Mohicap, areas around Laguna de Bay. Palakpakin, Pandin, Sampalok, and Yambu. Close to 12 percent of the total lake area of the seven lakes is utilized for aquaculture. The two other major lakes 1.9 Mineral Resources are Laguna Lake and Taal Lake (Figure 2.5). CALABARZON has a variety of mineral re- There are also bays found in the region which sources, both metallic and non-metallic. Among the are: Manila Bay which covers Rizal and Cavite and metallic minerals found in the region are gold, cop- shared with NCR, Balayan and adjacent Bay which per, chromite (both the refractory and metallurgi- is found in Batangas and composed of 12 munici- cal types), iron, manganese, and nickel. Non-me- palities, Laguna de Bay which is found in Laguna tallic minerals present in the region are andesite, and covers some areas of Rizal, and Tayabas Bay basalt, clay, gravel and sand, marble, limestone,

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MAP OF LAKES CALABARZON Region

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111111 DISTRIBUTION OF ACTIVE AND INACTIVE VOLCANOES CALABARZON Region

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121212 Regionial Physical Framework Plan Volume 2 clay, feldspar, silica sand, and rock aggregates. 1.10 Volcanoes

Gold, copper, iron, nickel and manganese can There are three volcanoes found in the re- be found in the provinces of Quezon, Batangas and gion, namely: Mt. Banahaw (located between the Rizal. Mineral resources in the province of Cavite provinces of Laguna and Quezon), Mount Makiling are concentrated mostly in the coastal municipali- (found in Laguna) and Taal Volcano (in Batangas). ties. In Rizal, mineral resources are concentrated in (Figure 2.6) Antipolo, Rodriguez, and Tanay. In Batangas, Laguna and Quezon, mineral resources are spread through- Table 2.7 provides a detailed description about out the province. the principal volcanoes.

TableTable A.1.7 2.7 Main Features of Principal Volcanoes CALABARZON, 1998

Classification Mt. Banahaw Mt. Makiling Taal

Province Laguna and Quezon Laguna Batangas

Status Active Inactive, solfateric Active

Type of Volcano Strato-volcano, complex Strato-volcano Strato-volcano

Latitude 14 04.0’N 14 08.0’N 14 00.1’N

Longitude 121 29.0’E 121 11.0’E 121 59.6’E

Height from the sea 2169 meters asl. 1090 meters asl. 400 meters asl.

Height of Edifice 960 n 295 M

Main Rock Type Andesite Basalt, Andesite, Dacite Olivine-Basalt, Andesite

Type of Activity Central Crater Eruption Solfataric Mainly phreatic to phreatomagmatic; rarely stromobolian (first recorded in 1968)

Known Eruptions 1730 As of 1984, Taal volcano has had 34 recorded eruptions since its earlier outburst in 1572

SOURCE: Philippine Volcanology Station

131313 Production and 2 Protection LandUse

2.1 Production Land Use a. Existing Agricultural Land Use in the NPAAAD 2.1.1 Agricultural Land All agricultural lands have been mapped Agricultural land is defined as lands devoted and classified by the DA-BSWM into a Network to or suitable for agricultural activities such as cul- of Protected Areas for Agricultural and Agro- tivation of the soil, planting of crops, growing of Industrial Development (NPAAAD). Lands fruit trees, livestock and poultry raising, and fisher- within this category are highly suitable for ies and aquaculture development. Croplands, agriculture and agro-industrial production pasturelands and fishing grounds comprise these activities. For CALABARZON, about 41 percent agricultural lands. or 669,715 hectares of the region’s total land

Table 2.8 Total Land Area, Certified A & D and NPAAD Areas by Province CALABARZON, 1998 & 2002

Percentage Share Certified Alienable Agricultural Lands/ Percentage NPAAD Province Total Land Area of NPAAD Areas by & Disposable Land NPAAAD Areas by Province Province Batangas: 2000 (Has.) 316,581 267,760 133,485 42.16 19.93 1988 (Has.) 265,419 119,437 37.73 24.30 Growth Rate, 1998-2002/ Percentage 0.13% 1.57% -4.43 4.37 Points Diff. Cavite 128,755 107,733 64,690 50.24 9.66 1988 (Has.) 100,550 41,075 31.90 8.36 Growth Rate, 1998-2002/ Percentage 1.04% 6.57% -18.34 -1.30 Points Diff. Laguna 175,973 134,720 97,255 55.27 14.52 1988 (Has.) 134,720 49,032 27.86 9.98 Growth Rate, 1998-2002/ Percentage 0% 10.06% -27.41 -4.54 Points Diff. Quezon 870,660 474,439 350,405 40.25 52.32 1988 (Has.) 472,361 270,746 31.10 55.08 Growth Rate, 1998-2002/ Percentage 0.07% 3.68% -9.15 2.76 Points Diff. Rizal 130,892 63,889 23,880 18.24 3.57 1988 (Has.) 63,889 11,246 8.59 2.29 Growth Rate, 1998-2002/ Percentage 0% 11.12% -9.65 -1.28 Points Diff. CALABARZON 1,622,861 1,048,541 669,715 41.27 100 1988 (Has.) 1,036,939 491,536 30.29 100 Growth Rate, 1998-2002/ Percentage 0.17% 4.43% -10.98 Points Diff.

SOURCE: PENRO Report, 1988, * 2002 ENR Information and Statistics, **SAFDZ Handbook, DA-BSWM, 2001 141414 Regionial Physical Framework Plan Volume 2 area of 1.6 million hectares comprise the Table 2.9 NPAAAD or agricultural lands, as of 2002. A & D and Agricultural Lands Distributed by Province and Agency CALABARZON, 1987 – 2004* More than half of Laguna’s total land area or 55.3 percent is classified as NPAAD Province DENR DAR Total areas a stark contrast with Rizal which has Batangas 4,499 27,421 31,920.84 18 percent. On the distribution of NPAAD areas Cavite 3,428 6,599 10,027.10 by province, more than half or 52 percent of Laguna 2,480 11,716 14,196.87 these lands are located in Quezon, 20 percent in Batangas, 15 percent in Laguna and the Quezon 26,920 72,771 99,691.30 remaining 13 percent is shared by Rizal and Rizal 1,239 13,787 15,026.52 Cavite provinces. CALABARZON 38,795.31 132,294 170,862.64

* Status of re/distribution as of August 2004 for DAR and Between 1987 and 2002, aggregate area September 2004 for DENR for agricultural lands in the region increased SOURCE of basic data: DAR Region IV-A and DENR IV-A LMS-LMD by 4 percent from 491,536 hectares to 669,715 hectares. In contrast, the A & D In addition, an increasing hectarage of increased only by 0.17 percent during the land was made available for agricultural same period. Rizal registered the highest production activities through the government’s increase of agricultural lands at 11 percent comprehensive agrarian reform program or while Batangas had the least at 1.6 percent. CARP. Under the CARP, the government was able to distribute a cumulative 116,695 hectares of The increase in A & D for cultivation is agricultural lands to agrarian reform partly attributed to the programs of beneficiaries in the region from the period 1988 Department of Environment and Natural to 2001. However, the conversion of agricultural Resources (DENR) and Department of Agrarian land to other uses is a common occurrence in Reform (DAR). During this period, an some provinces of the region which are estimated 38,796 hectares of alienable and considered as producers of major agricultural disposable (A&D) lands were opened up for commodities such as corn, coconut, swine and cultivation and were released by the DENR poultry, among others. for distribution to farmer beneficiaries under the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program The expansion of industrial activities (CARP) of the government particularly in beginning late 1980s and the consequent Batangas, Quezon and Cavite. Under the same movement of population from rural areas program, the DAR also was able to redistribute towards the urban centers of the region are a total of 132,294 hectares of agricultural widely seen to have influenced the increasing lands. land requirements for settlement, industrial and commercial areas, particularly in the DAR and DENR are the frontline provinces of Batangas, Laguna, Rizal and government agencies tasked with the Cavite. Hence, the incidence of agricultural acquisition and distribution of agricultural land converted to residential, industrial and land the flagship program for agrarian reform, commercial use is relatively high in these the CARP. provinces.

151515 2. Production and Protection Land Use

Table 2.10 The principal agricultural land use Status of Land Conversion in CALABARZON is basically devoted to CALABARZON, 1984-1999 crop production, utilizing close to 99

Agricultural Distribution of Agricultural Lands Converted to Other percent or about 663, 823 hectares of its Use by Major Category (%) Province Land Converted total agricultural land. About half of this (ha) Commercial Industrial Residential Others area is located in Quezon province while Batangas 4,705.4080 7.47 16.61 66.90 9.03 Rizal has the lowest percentage share of Cavite 4,081.9611 1.86 18.84 57.84 21.46 the total cropland at only 3.6 percent. Laguna 2,325.3478 14.09 31.41 50.67 3.83 Quezon 532.9240 7.70 0.47 60.57 31.26 Coconut is planted in more than one Rizal 961.6671 27.73 1.24 68.71 2.31 half or 376,760 hectares of the total Total 12,607.3080 8.43 18.21 60.84 12.52 cropland area, while rootcrops use the SOURCE of Basic Data: DAR CLUPPI least area of 0.21 percent. The total land Note: • Categories for commercial, industrial and residential includes mix and related use. area used to produce palay in the region Residential category includes resettlement and socialized housing. is 19.67 percent or 130,597 hectares, • Others category includes agriculture, aquaculture, eco-tourism, memorial parks and SHOPC while corn, mostly grown as feed for the region’s hog and poultry industry utilized In a span of fifteen years from 1984 to about 3.6 percent. Production of fruit crops/ 1999, more than 12,000 hectares of trees in the region utilizes 52,211 hectares or agricultural lands were converted mostly for 7.87 percent, pasture lands use 3.46 percent residential purposes indicating a quickening or hectares, and vegetables use 0.28 percent pace of growth in the region’s urban and or 1,880 hectares of total cropland (Figure industrial centers (Table 2.10). 2.7).

Figure 2.7 Agricultural Croplands by Major Crop CALABARZON, 1998

376,760 has. Coc onut 130,597 has (56.8 %) Palay (19.7 %) Fruit Crops/Mixed Fruit Trees 52,211 has. (7.9 %)

Corn 23,643 has (3.6 %)

Pasture Land 22,959 has. (3.5 %)

Banana 19,638 has. (3.0 %)

Sugarcane 15,192 has. (2.3 %)

Coffee 10,610 has. (1.6 %) Diversified Crops 8,921 has. (1.3 %)

Vegetables 1,880 has. (0.3 %)

Rootcrops 1,412 has. (0.2 %)

0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0

Source of basic data:SAFDZ Handbook, BSWM; ST MTADP, DA RFU4

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Table 2.11 Croplands by Major Crops and Province CALABARZON, 2001

Total Croplands Percentage Distribution of Cropland by Province Major Crops (Has.) Batangas Cavite Laguna Quezon Rizal Total Coconut 376,760 16.4 7.2 14.8 61.1 0.5 100 Palay 130,597 32.1 17.6 17.0 28.6 4.7 100 Fruit Crops/Mixed 52,211 50.8 18.0 10.9 3.1 17.2 100 Fruit Trees Corn 23,643 18.6 12.3 0.0 69.0 0.1 100 Pasture Land 22,959 6.5 5.3 1.4 62.9 23.9 100 Banana 19,638 5.0 14.6 0.0 75.3 5.0 100 Sugarcane 15,192 24.1 75.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 100 Coffee 10,610 4.7 44.3 0.2 50.8 0.0 100 Diversified Crops 8,921 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 100 Vegetables 1,880 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 100 Rootcrops 1,412 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100 Total Croplands 663,823 21.3 12.7 12.9 49.6 1003.6

SOURCE of Basic Data: SAFDZ Handbook, BSWM; ST MTADP, DA RFU4

Table 2.11 shows the Table 2.12 Total Agricultural Lands / NPAAD, Total Croplands and distribution and utilization of Utilization Rate by Province croplands for the production of CALABARZON, 2002 specific major agricultural crops Total Total Croplands by province. The data show that Agricultural Utilization Rate Provinces Percentage most of the region’s productive Lands/NPAAAD Hectares (%)* (Has.) Share agricultural lands are already Batangas 133,485 141,405 21.3 106 fully utilized (Table 2.12) Total Cavite 64,690 84,134 12.7 130 Agricultural Lands/NPAAD, Total Laguna 97,255 85,658 12.9 88 Croplands and utilization Rate by Quezon 350,405 328,991 49.6 94 Province, CALABARZON, 2002). Rizal 23,880 23,635 3.6 99 CALABARZON 669,715 663,823 100 99 Batangas and Cavite * Total Cropland (Ha) / Total Agricultural Lands/NPAAAD provinces have surpassed their capacity levels indicating that crop production Strategic Agriculture and Fisheries activities may already be utilizing marginal Development Zones (SAFDZ) intended mainly lands and even upland areas. On the other for agriculture and agri-industrial related hand, Laguna province has at least 12 percent production activities. For CALABARZON, of cropland not yet fully utilized. agricultural lands comprising the SAFDZ account for almost 60 percent or 401,304 b. Distribution of the SAFDZ hectares of the total agricultural land area (NAPAAD areas) of the region (Table 2.13 and Within the NPAAAD, lands were further Figure 2.8). The proportion of SAFDZ areas vis- delineated and categorized into their best à-vis the total NAPAAD areas vary significantly classes and have been placed under the by region with Quezon recording the lowest

171717 2. Production and Protection Land Use

proportion at 31 percent and Laguna with 2.1.2 Livestock and Poultry Production Areas almost all or 98 percent of its NAPAAD areas are also classified as SAFDZ. Under the SAFDZ, 4.7 percent or 18,844 hectares are used for livestock and poultry Eighty-one percent of the total prime production activities. For 2002, based on an agricultural lands in the SAFDZs can be found inventory of 20.34 million heads of swine, in the provinces of Batangas, Quezon and poultry, ducks, goat, cattle and carabao, the Laguna. Cavite and Rizal account only for 19 total area utilized and required for this percent of the total SAFDZ area of the region. purpose was estimated to total 1,163 Specifically, Rizal has the lowest percentage hectares. Chicken poultry inventory had the share with only 5.5 percent. biggest share in total inventory of about 85 percent and swine inventory of 8 percent; On the remaining NAPAAD areas, Quezon occupy 44 percent and 40 percent province has the biggest share, (242,945 respectively of the total land area. hectares) comprising 90.5 percent of the region’s total. Laguna and Rizal recorded less than one percent. Almost all of the NAPAAD areas of the two provinces are classified as SAFDZ areas.

Remaining NPAAAD lands are intended for future expansion of agricultural production activities. Intensification/Expansion of agricultural production activities in the region therefore can be focused in these areas. It shall be noted, however, cropland areas is much bigger than the SAFDZ areas indicating that the remaining NAPAAD lands are almost utilized.

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2.1.3 Fishery Resources Table 2.15 Fishery Resources CALABARZON, 1998 a. Major Fishing Grounds Major Fishing Location Dominant Marine Species The region is rich in marine Grounds resources. It has nine identified fishing Manila Bay Cavite/ Bataan Roundscad (Galunggong) Frigate Tuna (Tulingan) areas, namely: Manilay Bay, Balayan Bay, Balayan Bay Batangas Slipmouth (Sapsap) Batangas Bay, Batangas Coast, Verde Batangas Bay Batangas Anchovies (Dilis) Island Passage, Tayabas Bay, b. Batangas Coast Batangas Grouper (Lapu-lapu) Ragay Gulf, Labat Sound and Lamon Bay. Verde Island Passage Batangas Threadfin Bream (Bisugo) Tayabas Bay Quezon Indian Mackerel (Alumahan) b. Municipal Fishing Ragay Gulf Quezon Labat Sound Quezon Municipal fishery activities are Lamon Bay Quezon traditionally centered in Rizal because of the Laguna Lake, particularly on its SOURCE: Bureau of Agricultural Statistics northeastern shore bordered by the municipalities of Binangonan, Morong, Baras, Bondoc Peninsula. These coastal towns have Tanay, Pilillia and Jala-jala. The average share significant numbers of municipal fisherfolk of municipal fishery harvest in this province population, including the province’s northern constitutes more than half of the total coastal towns of Infanta and Real. In Batangas municipal fishery output in the region (Figure province, major municipal waters utilized for 2.9). fishing are the Balayan and Batangas bays, and Taal Lake. Other municipal fishing activities concentrate along Quezon’s southeastern coast The region’s coastal and inland waters of Tayabas Bay and Ragay Gulf particularly in comprise the municipal waters, covering 95 the coastal towns of Sariaya and Pagbilao, and municipalities and 879 coastal barangays. the coastal towns of Pitogo, Gen. Luna, Unisan, Macalelon, San Francisco and San Andres in the c. Municipal Fisherfolks

The region has an estimated total Figure 2.9 municipal fisherfolks population of 73,071. Distribution of Municipal Fishery Production by Province (in MT) Most municipal fisherfolks are considered poor CALABARZON, 2000-2003 and directly depend on municipal fishery activities for their livelihood. Ninety percent Cav ite Laguna Quezon 1% 12% of the municipal fisherfolks can be found in 21% Batangas the provinces of Quezon, Rizal and Batangas. 14% Quezon hosts the most number of fisherfolks in the region with about 45 percent of total municipal fisherfolks. These are concentrated in the province’s southern tip of the Bondoc Rizal Peninsula and REINA (Real, Infanta and General 52% Nakar) municipalities.

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2.1.4 Highlight of Agricultural Performance second to Region III in hog and chicken and Food Sufficiency inventory and first in egg production. Overall the value of the livestock and poultry a. Crops, Livestock and Poultry subsector in the region is estimated at 13 billion pesos in constant prices. As an important economic sector of the region, the agriculture sector is composed of b. Fishery Production Performance three major production subsectors; crops, livestock and poultry, and fishery. CALABARZON region ranks fifth among the country’s major fishery producing regions The combined production value of these led by ARMM in 2003. During the period 2000- three subsectors in 2003 was estimated at 27 2003, total regional production averages billion pesos (at constant prices). The livestock 334,945 metric tons with an estimated value and poultry subsector contributed half of this of P 7.6 billion (at constant prices). Among total, while fishery and crops subsectors provinces, the combined fishery harvests of contributed 27 percent and 22 percent, Rizal and Quezon constitute three fourths of respectively. the region’s average annual production.

In 2003, the production value of The bulk of fish harvested in the region agricultural crops reached an estimated 6 is contributed by the municipal fishery billion pesos (at constant prices). The volumes subsector, averaging 40 percent of regional of production in the crops subsector were fishery output, while period 31 percent and dominated by sugarcane, coconut, palay, 29 percent have been contributed by banana, mango, pineapple, rootcrops and aquaculture and commecial fishery, corn. respectively.

CALABARZON is Figure 2.10 one of the leading Value of Agricultural Production producers of swine, CA LA BA RZON, 2003

chicken and chicken 80,000 71,46 1 eggs in the country. In 70,000 2003, data showed 60,000 that about 13 percent of total hog inventory 50,000 in the country, 24 40,000 27,261 percent of total 30,000 19 , 6 6 9 21,292 chicken, and 28 16 , 52 4 13 , 9 76

(In Million Pesos) 20,000 8,891 7,66 1 percent of total eggs 6,223 4,486 10,000 was contributed by the 0 region. Compared to Constant Prices Current Prices the country’s major producing regions, A GRICULTURA L CROPS LIVESTOCK POULTRY FISHERY Total CALABARZON places

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c. Food Sufficiency high considering that per capita consumption Levels is relatively low due to taste preference and that current laws restrict/regulate the killing CALABARZON is a net importer of major of carabao for meat purposes. On the other food and feed commodities, except carabeef. hand, despite being as a major producer of Rice is among the commodities, which the swine and chicken, including eggs, the region region imports at a relatively high quantity. is also deficit in supply for these food To meet the supply deficit for rice of almost a commodities. This suggests that production is million metric tons, it is estimated that more unable to keep pace with an increasing than two million hectares of land to be devoted population, including a relatively high per to rice production alone. capita consumption and extraction rate for this particular food commodity. The supply of grain commodities is largely sourced from the neighboring Mindoro d. Feed Sufficiency provinces in the MIMAROPA region, Region III, and Mindanao. Importation from outside the The region’s swine and chicken industry country also been resorted regularly to meet with an estimated total inventory of 18.88 the chronic and irregular supply from domestic million heads consumes a large amount of corn- sources. based feed to sustain and support commercial production. In 2002, an estimated 630,872 Food supply for carabeef is exceptionally metric tons of yellow corn was required to meet industry demand. Local Table 2.16 production of corn however Sufficiency Levels of Major Food Commodities by Province can only supply less than 10 CALABARZON, 2002 percent (or 57,882 metric Total Total Available Total Per tons) of total feed for Capita Surplus / Sufficiency Commodity Production Consumption Consumption Deficit (Mt) Levels (%) requirement. The balance or Supply (Mt) (Mt) /Demand (Mt) 90 percent represents the Palay 377,513 177,763 1,006,701 -828,938 18 unmet demand or supply Corn/White 7,261 6,172 58,310 -52,139 11 deficit of the industry. Fruits 386,072 249,074 263,337 -14,263 95 Rootcrops 105,529 43,445 40,347 3,097 108 Only Quezon meets the Vegetables 52,735 44,983 366,791 -321,808 12 yellow in corn feed demand Fish 310,715 198,858 338,577 -139,719 59 for its hog and poultry Beef * 211,476 9,516 17,117 -7,601 56 industry. This is mainly Carabeef * 116,198 13,944 940 13,003 1,483 attributed to the province’s Pork * 1,558,220 34,359 122,264 -87,905 28 relatively small poultry Chicken * 17,325,415 9,979 76,556 -66,576 13 population Overall, the region Chicken Eggs 56,090 56,090 61,269 -5,179 92 ** is only 5 percent sufficient in yellow corn. Utilized as feed SOURCE of basic data: NSCB, BAS, FNRI, Soils/Land Resources Evaltn. Project -DA/BSWM mainly for the hog and poultry Note: * 2002 Inventory of livestock (beef, carabeef, pork and chicken) in heads; 2002 projected total population for CALABARZON industry (Table 2.17). ** 2003 production of eggs in metric tons; 2003 projected total population for CALABARZON

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Table 2.17 Yellow Corn Feed Commodity Sufficiency Levels CALABARZON, 2002

Estimated Land Total Available Livestock / 2002 Total Corn Total Per Capita Current Requirement for Corn for Surplus / Deficit Poultry Production Consumption / Sufficiency Corn Consumption (Mt) Commodity Supply (Mt) Demand (Mt) Levels (%) Production (Mt) (has) Hog Inventory 34,048 28,941 476,815 -447,875 6.07 730,035 Broiler Inventory 34,048 28,941 55,243 -26,302 52 42,873 Layer Inventory 34,048 28,941 75,658 -46,718 38.25 76,150 Native/Improved 34,048 28,941 32,155 -3,215 90.00 5,240 All Poultry 34,048 28,941 163,057 -134,116 17.75 218,609 Hog and Poultry 34,048 28,941 639,872 -581,991 4.52 948,645 SOURCE of basic data: NSCB, BAS, FNRI, Soils/Land Resources Evaltn. Project -DA/BSWM

2.1.5 Agrarian Reform Areas Of the DAR target of 4.29 million hectares, CALABARZON’s share has to a. Land Acquisition and Distribution distribute 160,660 hectares or 4 percent. Quezon and Batangas have account for at 54 Of the total targeted 8.06 million and 20 percent respectively; Rizal and Laguna, hectares nationwide, DAR is to distribute 4.29 at 12 and 9 percent respectively and Cavite million hectares (53%) while DENR is to with the least share at 5 percent. distribute 3.77 million (47%). Of these, the two agencies have distributed a total of 5.44 As of August 2004, 132,294 hectares or million hectares (57 percent). 82 percent has been distributed out of DAR’s target of 160,660 hectares for the region. More DAR has distributed 3.102 million than three-fourths of the lands were hectares (72%) to some 1.735 million agrarian distributed in the provinces of Quezon (55%) beneficiaries. About 1.646 million hectares are and Batangas (21%). The remaining balance of private agricultural lands. DENR has distributed 30,111 hectares, half of which is in Quezon 2.341 million hectares (62% of its scope) to province, is expected to be completed for some 1.46 million agrarian beneficiaries. As distribution by 2010 (Table 2.18). of December 2000, the Table 2.18 total remaining area for Land Acquisition and Distribution Targer by Year (In Has) distribution under the CALABARZON, 2004-2010 Comprehensive Agrarian Year Province Total Reform Program (CARP) is 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2.62 million hectares. Out Batangas 850 500 678 678 678 678 653 4,715 of these total, DAR is to Cavite 200 350 442 442 386 1,820 distribute 1.19 million Laguna 800 600 600 504 2,504 hectares, while DENR is to Quezon 2,650 3,050 1,986 1,986 1,986 1,986 2,080 15,724 distribute 1.43 million Rizal 400 300 969 969 969 969 772 5,348 hectares. Total 4,900 4,800 4,675 4,579 4,019 3,633 3,505 30,111 SOURCE: DAR IV-A

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AGRARIAN REFORM COMMUNITIES CALABARZON Region

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b. Agrarian Reform Table 2.19 Communities (ARCs) Agrarian Reform Communities Launched by Province CALABARZON, 2004 The Comprehensive Agrarian Total ARCs Municipalities Barangays Province Reform Program (CARP) prescribes Launched Covered Covered that package of support services Batangas 22 14 53 must be provided to agrarian Cavite 11 11 39 reform beneficiaries (ARBs) and Laguna 12 10 19 their communities. Due to limited resources, the Agrarian Reform Quezon 54 34 144 Community (ARC) approach was Rizal 6 6 24 adopted as the geographical focus Total 105 75 279 for the delivery of support SOURCE: DAR IV-A (Data as of August 2004) services. Support services however, have been invested in non-ARC areas are concentrated in Antipolo, Rodriguez, and considering that most (ARBs) in the region are Tanay. For Batangas, Laguna and Quezon, outside the ARC coverage. ARCs were further mineral resources are spread throughout the expanded to include ARBs in non-ARC areas. province.

In 1993, 105 ARCs were launched in all b. Non-Metallic Minerals provinces of the region, covering a total of 75 municipalities and 279 barangays. A significant In the Southern Tagalog Region, mining number of ARCs launched were mostly and quarrying contributed an average of 0.05% concentrated in Quezon (Table 2.19 and Figure to the regional economy from 1990 to 2000. 2.11). From 1999 to 2000, 75% of Gross Value Added in Mining and Quarrying came from the 2.1.6 Mineral Resources CALABARZON region.

a. Metallic Minerals Significant production of non-metallic minerals supports the construction industry. Metallic mineral resources in the Notable is the increasing production of CALABARZON region include gold, copper, iron, aggregates especially in Rizal, limestone in nickel and manganese. These minerals can the provinces of Quezon, Rizal and Batangas. be found in the provinces of Quezon, Batangas While the construction industry had generally and Rizal (Figure 2.12). Major non-metallic declined, there are still on-going projects minerals in the region include andesite, basalt, that demand quality construction materials, limestone, rock aggregates, gravel and sand, i.e., aggregates. On the other hand, the clay, silica sand and marble (Figure 2.13). production of sand and gravel has been Mineral resources in the province of Cavite are decreasing. Below is the production data concentrated mostly in the coastal for non-metallic minerals (See details at municipalities. In Rizal, mineral resources Appendix Table No.1).

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Table 2.20 Selected Non-Metallic Minerals / Volume of Production CALABARZON, 1998-2002

Unit 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Aggregates (Cu.M.) 1,515,280 2,023,719 855,438 1,259,932 3,869,005 Ball Clay (Cu.M.) 2,520 1,440 1,200 600 Basalt (Cu.M.) 425,388 210,178 1,579,683 842,854 Base Course (Cu.M.) 70,384 51,949 40,886 104,142 Blasted Rock (Cu.M.) 132,221 203,685 176,883 83 121,726 Cascajo (Cu.M.) 274 28,101 103,626 60,637 Cement Bags 8,016,050 16,050,503 13,328,787 28,937,030 Cinder Black M.T. 8,160 32,805 9,300 4,090 1,900 Filling Materials (Cu.M.) 155,266 159,41 85,090 107,897 86,940 Limestone (Cu.M.) 35,918 1,090,599 1,551,330 2,731,394 2,783,433 Sand and Gravel (Cu.M.) 1,413,580 1,179,810 827,171 938,802 126,540 Selected Barrow (Cu.M.) 4,355 4,945 218 25,680 352 Shale M.T. 9,294 75,070 297,264 96,242 Silica M.T. 50,757 6,996 111,272 26 Silicious Clay M.T. 77,997 32,540 Soil (Cu. M.) 25,523 5,731 5,966 11,085 30,299 Stones, Cobbles, (Cu. M.) 41,111 24,313 10,650 28,434 22,356 Boulders SOURCE: Summary of Non-Metallic Mineral Production, CY 1998-2002 MGB Region IV-A

c. Mining Permits Issues Meanwhile, mining permits for metallic minerals in the provinces of Batangas (for The Department of Environment and copper, gold and silver) and in the province of Natural Resources (DENR) issues mining permits Quezon (for copper) have expired in 2002. In for areas covering five hectares and over, while Buenavista, Quezon, an area consisting 4,332 the PMRB issues mining permits for areas less hectares has been declared by the PMRB- than five hectares. For the CALABARZON Quezon on February 10, 2004 as People’s Small region, the bulk of existing mining/quarrying Scale Mining Area under RA 7076. Applications permits and mineral agreements issued by the for permits by small-scale operators are DENR for non-metallic minerals are in the currently being processed. As of March 2004, provinces of Rizal, Batangas and Quezon (Table there are 247 mining tenements under process 2.21). There are only about 20 permittees by the DENR covering an area of 538,745 granted rights to operate more than 100 hectares. hectares each of mineral land. Thirteen of these permittees operate in Rizal, specifically 2.1.7 Industrial Development Areas in Antipolo, Tanay, Baras, Rodriguez, and Teresa. In Batangas, five permittees operate The unique physical location and in Calatagan, Taysan, Nasugbu and Batangas configuration of the CALABARZON region City. contributed to its establishment as one of the

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Table 2.21 Existing Mineral Permitees by Province CALABARZON, 2003

Number of Permits and Commodities Type of Permit Batangas Cavite Laguna Quezon Rizal Industrial Sand and 10 9 65 2 Gravel Permit Commercial Sand 9 and Gravel Permit Mining Lease Contract 4 3 3 3 Silica, Pyrite Bentonite Silica, Feldspar Silica, Filling materials Basalt Bull Quartz Volcanic Shale Rock Phosphate White Clay Andesite Silica Sand Mineral Production 3 1 1 19 Sharing Agreement Limestone Basalt Marble Basalt Diorite Shale, Tuff Andesite Basalt Limestone Silica, Andesite, Andesite Shale, Silica, Aggregates Basalt, Gold, Base Metal Filling Materials, Marbelized Limestone Placer Lease Contract 2 Gypsum, Clay Quarry Permit 14 8 4 16 24 Boulders, Aggregates Andesite Limestone Basalt Basalt Basalt Basalt Filling Materials, Andesite Andesite Cinder Basalt, Filling Materials Andesite Lastillas Barrow Small Scale Mining 1 4 Permit Filling Materials Red Clay Gold

Source: DENR IV - Directory of Mines and Quarries, CY 2003

premier industrial centers in the Philippines. These physical attributes positioned the region as a major investment area and The Master Plan Study on the Project consequently encouraged the development and CALABARZON conducted by JICA affirms the growth of industrial centers. region’s designation as comprising the country’s industrial core, with Metro Manila a. Industrial Center as the hub of industrial activities. CALABARZON’s proximity to the National In the CALABARZON region, a range of Capital Region gives the region comparative industrial and manufacturing activities are access to the country’s largest market base in commonly found in specific contiguous areas terms of available skilled manpower comprising of cities and municipalities. These requirements, consumer demand, transport areas currently identified as the region’s access and other built-in physical factors. industrial centers are the following: Rizal,

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Cavite-Laguna and Carmona-Trece Martirez stretch along the portion of Batangas City, San areas, which are contiguous with Metro Manila; Pascual, Mabini, Bauan and Calaca. This portion Greater Batangas Industrial Center and Upland is considered as the province’s major industrial Industrial Center composed of Sto. Tomas, zone and currently hosts a number of medium Tanauan, Canlubang, San Pablo and Lipa City. to heavy industries ranging from oil refineries, shipbuilding, flour and feed milling, The existence of major road networks warehousing and garment manufacturing. traversing the contiguous municipalities and cities in the Cavite and Laguna area has further The development and operation of encouraged the proliferation and Batangas port provided the impetus for concentration of industry-related activities in industrial activities to intensify in terms of the industrial centers of these provinces. It trade and transport access for major industries should be noted that most industrial estates of the region. In fact, the total value of trade in these provinces are located along or near passing Batangas port is the highest in the these major roads, which have direct access country’s foreign trade output recording more to the National Capital Region. than 40% at US$26.2 billion in 2001. Value of export and import trade volume is similarly In the Cavite area, major arterial road the highest at $16.2 and $ 9.9 billion networks (Aguinaldo Highway and Governor’s respectively, during the same year. Drive) connect and provide access to the province’s ten towns (Bacoor, Imus, b. Ecozones Dasmariñas, Silang and Tagaytay City, and Trece Martirez City, General Trias, Dasmariñas, The passage of the Ecozone Act of 1995 General Mariano Alvarez and Carmona) with opened the avenue for ecozones to proliferate Metro Manila and Laguna area (Biñan) thru the in the CALABARZON region. A significant Laguna National Highway (Manila South Road) number of these ecozones located in the and the South Luzon Expressway. region’s industrial centers. Ecozones are specialized industrial enclaves with highly In the Laguna area, the portion of the developed areas or those with potential for Laguna National Highway running along the industrial, tourist, recreational, commercial eastern lakeshore and east bay of the Laguna and investment purposes de Bay provides access to the municipalities south of the province towards Metro Manila Except for the Cavite Export Processing (from Calamba to San Pedro). About six towns Zone (CEPZ), most CALABARZON ecozones (San Pablo, Biñan, Santa Rosa, Cabuyao, were established through private initiative (See Calamba and Los Baños) are served by this Appendix Table No. 2). road. The bulk of ecozone activity is mostly On the other hand, the existence of deep concentrated in Cavite, Laguna and Batangas, coastal waters in Batangas and Balayan Bays indicating that these provinces are the prime have encouraged port-oriented industries to location for industrial operation (Table No. locate operations in the strategic coastal 2.22) Most ecozones in Cavite and Laguna hosts

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light to medium industries ranging from semi- the national total. These CALABARZON conductors, electronics to car assembly. operating ecozones occupied 36 percent of Batangas ecozones meanwhile tend to host total national operating ecozone area of medium to heavy industries such as petroleum 5,694.62 has. These are mostly concentrated and oil refineries (Appendix Table No. 3). in Batangas, Cavite and Laguna.

From 19 industrial estates prior to the On the other hand, 25 ecozones with declaration of the Ecozone Act of 1995, the total available 3,671.82 hectares of factory sites are proclaimed ecozones in the CALABARZON has under development indicating prospective reached 64, which is more than a third (40%) of industrial area expansion in the coming years. the 161 currently proclaimed ecozones in the Of these, 63 percent are located in Batangas country (Table 2.22). The 64 ecozones and Cavite. (operating, proclaimed and development in progress) occupy an aggregate industrial space Overall, ecozones continue to grow in the of 6,668.97 hectares representing 30% of the region in terms of numbers and area covered. national total hectarage allocated for ecozones. The 19 ecozones established by1993 increased to 64 in 2003. This corresponds to an increase Of the 64 proclaimed CALABARZON of 9 percent in ecozone area (Table 2.23 and ecozones, 26 were operating or 45 percent of Figure 2.14).

Table 2.22 Status of Ecozones CALABARZON, 2003

TOTAL AREA Province / Ecozone No. of Ecozones Ha. / Eocozone (hectares) A. Operating 26 2,039.44 78 Batangas 6 632.38 105 Cavite 7 578.44 83 Laguna 13 828.62 64 B. Proclaimed 13 957.21 74 Cavite 4 352.11 88 Batangas 5 481.64 96 Laguna 3 96.78 32 Rizal 1 26.68 27 C. Development Progress in 25 3,672.32 147 Batangas 6 1,299.88 217 Cavite 10 1,019.34 102 Laguna 5 452.50 91 Rizal 2 352.60 176 Quezon 2 548.00 274 Total 64 6,668.97 104

SOURCE: PEZA

* As of March 14, 2003

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Table 2.23 Growth Rate of Economic Zones CALABARZON, 1993-2003 Industrial Estates / Ecozones* % Change Province / 1993 2003** Municipality No. of Total Area No. of Total Area No. of Total Area No. of Mun. No. of Mun. No. of Mun. Ecozone (ha) Ecozone (ha) Ecozone (ha) Laguna 6 6 1,824.20 21 5 1,377.90 13.35 -1.81 -2.77 Cavite 11 7 945.30 21 10 1,949.89 6.68 3.63 7.51 Batangas 0 0 0.00 17 9 2,413.90 - - - Rizal 2 1 4.20 3 3 379.28 4.14 11.61 56.88 Quezon 0 0 0.00 2 2 548.00 - - - Total 19 14 2,773.70 64 29 6,668.97 12.91 7.55 9.17

* Includes Private and Government -Owned Economic Zones, Information Technology Parks/buildings. Ecozone expansion areas of less than 25 hectares are also included. ** List of approved, proclaimed ecozoneas as of 14 March 2003

SOURCE of Basic Data: PEZA, RPFP STR

At the provincial level, the development concentrated in the production of electronics of Batangas Port, which started in 1994 was and semiconductor products, which are the seen as a major contributing factor in the leading export commodity of most export- emergence of ecozones in Batangas. Although based ecozones in Laguna, Cavite and the Tabangao Special Ecozone was approved Batangas. In fact, 86 percent (P40.9 billion for development in the 1980s, most of the pesos) of manufacturing investments went to province’s ecozones were established and the electronics/electrical machinery and operated in the 1990’s. semiconductor commodities.

On the other hand, the 2 percent Among the ecozones, the Laguna Technopark, decrease in ecozone area in Laguna may be Inc. contributes almost half (44 percent) of attributed to ecozone locators consolidating the investments poured into the manufacture on export-based industries comprising mostly of electronics and semiconductor of electronics and semi-conductors. Average commodities. area of operating ecozones in Laguna is the least compared to the other operating In contrast, the manufacture and processing of ecozones in Batangas and Cavite. food commodities does not receive much investment attention from locators in the ECOZONES INVESTMENTS ecozones. The national government through the BOI attached high preference for investment Manufacturing is the dominant industrial on the food industry since this is intended to activity in the ecozones. In 1997 alone, more provide the needed linkages to enhance the than P 47 billion pesos of investments were development of upstream and downstream devoted to new and expansion manufacturing industries such as primary agricultural projects. Manufacturing industry is largely production and SMEs, among others.

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In summary, ecozone investments continue to families mostly from other provinces outside provide sizeable share in the region’s the CALABARZON. The influx of migrant investment, expanding from 28 percent in 1996 population usually creates additional demands to 73 percent in 2000. for social basic services provided by the host LGUs such as housing facilities. CONTRIBUTION OF ECOZONES TO EXPORT OUTPUT 2.1.8 Tourism

In the area of foreign trade, the region’s role a. Tourism Areas in the attainment of the national export target became prominent in 1996 when The CALABARZON is gifted with a diverse, export oriented ecozones began to operate natural, historical, cultural and man-made in the region. Prior to these the region attractions as well as general and special contributed measly average of 2 percent to interest products attractive to domestic and the country’s export output. Regional share international tourist markets (Figures 2.15, to total export output dramatically increased 2.16 and 2.17). from 11 percent in 1996 to 49 percent in 2000, which constitute almost half of the The Philippine Tourism Master Plan national export. (PTMP) (1991-2010) identified tourism development areas in the country, which can The main bulk or 74 percent of the region’s serve as the focus of investments in tourism export revenue of US$18 billion is contributed estates, leisure and recreation complex and by ecozone export industries. At the ecozone other tourism related activities. Tagaytay/ level, Laguna Technopark is the top single Taal, Aplaya Laiya and Hacienda Looc located ecozone exporter generating a value of US$ in San Juan and Nasugbu, Batangas 4.6 billion in 2000. On the average ecozones respectively, have been selected as tourism in CALABARZON contribute 78 percent of the development areas for the CALABARZON region region’s total export output during the period in the PTMP. 1998-2002 Tourism development in Tagaytay EMPLOYMENT IN ECOZONES includes the zoning by the Tagaytay City government of the tourism-strip along the From 1998-2000, CALABARZON ecozones Tagaytay ridge for urban-tourism with employed an average of 165,079 persons restaurants, entertainment and recreational representing 19 percent of the total facilities. High-cost, week-end housing employment generated by the industry sector. projects suited for rest and relaxation have Employment generation continued to expand been increasing in the area. High-end resort in the ecozones with an average growth rate estates have proliferated in Tagaytay City and of 11 percent annually from 1998-2002. its adjacent highland towns with similar view of the Taal Lake and Volcano. The tourism area Locator firms, mostly manufacturing and has been made more accessible with the services-related, operating in the ecozones are completion of the Tagaytay-Sta. Rosa Road to strong generators of employment opportunities complement the Tagaytay-Alfonso-Batangas that attract migrant workers including their Road and Gen. Aguinaldo Highway.

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For the Aplaya Laiya, the Department of Tourism has an on-going project for the In the province of Quezon, tourist flock formulation of a tourism master plan. Beach to Mount Banahaw, a 7,382-foot extinct resorts exist in the area, its access road, the volcano famous for its mystical attributes. The San Juan-Lobo road is nearly completed. For beach of Sariaya abounds with resorts for the Hacienda Looc, which covers 1,378 domestic tourists. A yearly attraction in the hectares, its conversion from agricultural to province is the celebration of the Pahiyas, a tourism area is on-going. traditional thanksgiving for a bountiful harvest celebrated in several towns. The Regional Tourism Master Plan for Southern Tagalog formulated in 1997 has In Rizal province, The Shrine of Our Lady identified the following sites as tourism priority of Antipolo draws thousand of Filipino travelers development areas. The centerpiece to pay homage to Our Lady of Peace and Good attraction of the CALABARZON region, the Taal Voyage. Along the way to the Shrine is the Lake and Volcano is found in Batangas. The Sumulong Highway where the overlooking view Taal Volcano is said to be the smallest volcano of Metro Manila can be seen while enjoying in the world. The coastline from Nasugbu to the facilities offered by food establishments Calatagan is a favorite of water sport operating in the area. The province is also enthusiasts. It is generally used for swimming, known for the Hinulugang Taktak and Daranak/ boating, yachting, fishing and skin-diving. Batlag Falls. National shrines and landmarks also abound in the province being home and birthplace of the b. Foreign and Domestic Tourist Travel country’s nationalist. Movements

The tourism center of Cavite is Tagaytay Table 2.24 shows the over-all distribution City, which is known as the “town on the of foreign visitors and domestic tourist travel ridge”. The ridge is the viewing area of the movements to the various areas of the Taal Lake and Volcano. Tagaytay is also Philippines. The data confirmed the dominance considered the second summer capital of the of Southern Tagalog as a tourist destination. country because of its crisp and cool climate. Moreover, there may be underestimation of Cavite also boasts of leisure estates and golf travel movement statistics from the NCR to courses. The Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo Shrine the region. Many tour options situated and other historical landmarks are present in especially in the CALABARZON region can be the province. accessed in less than half a day with visitors undertaking short trips to the region but stay Laguna is known as the resort province in NCR for the night. The proximity of the of the Philippines with its bodies of water such region to Metro Manila, the high level of as hot springs, lakes and waterfalls. The infrastructure development and the existence Pagsanjan Falls, Lake Caliraya and the of a wide range of accommodation and tourism innumerable hot springs that abound in the oriented establishment are factors that attract province are the favorite of tourists. trips to the Region.

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Table 2.25 shows the number of average the CALABARZON region contributed travelers to the region on a per province basis 93 percent of travelers to Region IV from for the period 2000 to 2002. Of the total 2000-2002. Report from DOT reveals that travelers that visited the CALABARZON region, seven out of the 14 most visited places in the 45 percent visited Cavite while 30 percent Luzon, seven are found in Region IV, five of visited Laguna. It is surprising to note that which are in the CALABARZON region namely: the statistics shows only 2.5 percent visited Pagsanjan, Los Baños, Ternate, Tagaytay and Batangas for the period 2000-2002. On the Batangas.

Table 2.24 Foreign and Domestic Tourist Travel Movements by Region (In Thousands) CALABARZON, 1990-2002

Region 1990 1993 1997 2000 2001 2002 CAR 259 752 1,139 1,240 1,278 NCR 1,328 2,164 4,068 I 307 166 512 289 344 355 II 44 161 284 443 545 582 III 53 61 481 234 262 350 IV 260 133 387 3,146 4,483 4,065 V 151 116 266 356 367 389 VI 218 257 261 570 629 836 VII 350 486 1,212 1,005 1,013 1,063 VIII 93 85 130 135 175 175 IX 122 164 260 243 233 200 X 296 329 581 546 506 550 XI 274 202 553 560 638 540 XII 117 111 208 203 317 425 XIII 250 252 280 277 ARMM 597

SOURCE of Basic Data: Study on Regional Travel in the Philippines

Table 2.25 Tourism activities play a major Distribution of Travelers by Province role in the development of an area. CALABARZON, 2000-2001 (In Thousands) It has far reaching relationship with Province 2000 2001 2002 Total other sectors such as manufacturing, Batangas 40 64 169 273 environment, agriculture and Cavite 1,071 1,890 2,022 4,983 infrastructure. Tourism contribution Laguna 60 2,027 1,208 3,295 to the economy comes in the form of Quezon 1,767 246 327 2,340 investment in tourism facilities and Rizal 7 26 33 travelers expenditure on CALABARZON 2,945 4,253 3,726 10,924 accommodation, food and beverage, MIMAROPA 201 230 339 770 sightseeing, entertainment, local TOTAL STR 3,146 4,483 4,065 11,694 transport, shopping, and other personal services. SOURCE: Department of Tourism Regional Office IV

393939 2. Production and Protection Land Use

2.2 Protection Land Use a. NIPAS Initial Components

Protection land use highlights the need for the All areas or islands in the Philippines conservation, rehabilitation and sustained proclaimed, designated or set aside, pursuant development of the region’s environment and natural to a law, presidential decree, presidential resources. It specifically aims to delineate areas proclamation or executive order as national belonging to the National Integrated Protected Areas park, game refuge, bird and wildlife sanctuary, System (NIPAS) and other critical ecosystems and wilderness area, strict nature reserve, thus regulate their use and preserve their integrity. watershed, mangrove reserve, fish sanctuary, It also identifies environmentally constrained areas natural and historical landmark, protected and to safeguard the populace from environmental managed landscape/seascape as well as hazards and other activities detrimental to identified virgin forests before the effectivity productivity, heritage, and quality of life. of RA 7586 are hereby designated as initial components of the System. The initial 2.2.1 National Integrated Protected Areas components of the System shall be governed System (NIPAS) by existing laws, rules and regulations, not inconsistent with the System. The NIPAS as provided under RA No. 7586 otherwise known as NIPAS Act of 1992 refers to the TAAL VOLCANO PROTECTED classification and administration of identified LANDSCAPE portions of land and water delineated by reason of their physical and biological significance for the Taal Volcano Island was proclaimed PA under adequate conservation of plant, animal and their NIPAS by virtue of Presidential Proclamation habitat from being altered by human exploitation. No. 923 dated Nov. 19, 1996. This PA strides These areas are referred to as protected areas. the Municipalities of Talisay, Malvar, Tanauan, Mataas na Kahoy, Laurel, Agoncillo, Sta. The categories of protected areas (PA) under Teresita. Cuenca, Alitagtag, Lipa City, Balete NIPAS are: 1) Strict nature reserve; 2) Natural park; and San Nicolas, Province of Batangas and 3) Natural monument; 4) Wildlife sanctuary; 5) Tagaytay City. It is approximately 62,292 Protected landscape and seascape; 6) Resource hectares. reserve; 7) Natural biotic area; 8) Other categories established by law, conventions or international The Island has a wide range of natural and agreements, which the Philippine government is a scenic spots that have high potential for signatory. scientific research and eco-tourism. Generally, the area is predominantly agricultural with In the CALABARZON Region, 30 sites have been crops like sugarcane, coconut, citrus, banana, designated as protected areas. Nineteen are upland rice and corn. The water body and its identified as initial components and 11 are additional environs are home to many species of flora sites. As of date, 6 sites have already been and fauna. This includes phytoplankton, ferns, proclaimed PA under NIPAS; 5 from the initial flowering plants, cogon, talahib, rotifiers, component and one (1) from additional sites. These talisay, fishes, reptiles, mollusks, sponge, sites are all under the category of Protected cladocerans and many others. The main crater Landscape (Figure 2.18). lake of the volcano island is four (4) meters

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414141 2. Production and Protection Land Use

above sea level making the island as one of 62 species of mammals, 38 species of reptiles, the lowest active volcanoes in the world. 43 species of amphibians and 188 species of insects. Many of these are endemic to the However, although declared PA, Taal Volcano place and some are considered rare and Island still faces problems of encroachment, endangered. improper solid waste management and loss of biodiversity. This PA is primarily used as a watershed. It sustains water for the creeks, rivers and falls MTS. BANAHAW-SAN CRISTOBAL draining to Laguna de Bay and Tayabas Bay. It PROTECTED LANDSCAPE supports the Botocan Hydroelectric Power Plant situated in Majayjay and Luisiana, Mts. Banahaw-San Cristobal was proclaimed PA Laguna. Seven rivers namely: Balayong, by virtue of Presidential Proclamation No. 411 Maimpis, Liliw, Dalatiwan, Malinao, Nagcarlan dated June 25, 2003. It has an area of around and San Diego directly provide water for 10,900 hectares and encompasses the domestic, irrigation and recreational municipalities of Dolores, Candelaria, Sariaya, purposes. There are rivers and falls within Tayabas and Lucban in the Province of Quezon this PA, which are believed to have medicinal and the municipalities of Majayjay, Liliw, value. The Kinabuhayan River, Sta. Lucia, Nagcarlan, Rizal and City of San Pablo in the Suplina, Kristalino Falls all found in Dolores, Province of Laguna. Its boundaries are planted Quezon and Talong Ambon at the crater of with agricultural crops, patches of brushes and Mt. Banahaw are visited by devotees and shrublands, some areas have been occupied pilgrims especially during Holy Week. These by squatters especially in Dolores, Quezon. devotees/tourists take a dip/shower on these rivers and falls with the belief that their The vegetation studies in the area revealed illnesses will be cured. that there are 358 species of trees, 19 species of vines, 15 species of palms, 39 species of Another special feature of this PA is the Taytay ferns, 15 species of grasses and 42 species of Falls located in Majayjay, Laguna. This falls fungi. Five (5) of these were categorized as is famous for its beautiful landscape and rare namely: pangnan, lansones-bundok, source of crystal clear water. kalamansanai, tabu and taluto. A total of 56 species were categorized as endemic or with The Mts. Banahaw-San Cristobal Protected limited range of distribution in the Philippines. Landscape is being subjected to degradation The area is also noted for its medicinal plants. as pilgrims cut small trees, branches, palms It is frequented by “herbularios” who get the and bamboos and leave significant amount of leaves, bark, roots, fruits and seeds of plants garbage. The PA is also threatened by with medicinal properties. The local people encroachment, illegal activities such as claim that about 80% of the plants thriving in treasure hunting and gathering of wildlife the area have medicinal values and could heal species. Problems in peace and order are also several illnesses. prevalent. The local government and national government agencies have conflicting policies The study of wildlife, on the other hand, on collection of users’ fee and the waste revealed that there are 226 species of birds, disposal system.

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Mt. Banahaw-San Cristobal Protected Maharlika Highway going to Bicol and the Landscape is a “multi-managed” national park. Visayas Region. As such, it serves as a show The stakeholders who share in the window for educating people on the value of management, protection and conservation of forest and environmental conservation. It has the PA are DENR, NAPOCOR, SLPC, PAMB, NGOs, a famous site for mountain climbing called the POs, Religious Sects and the 9 municipalities Pinagbanderahan site. It also has a rest area and 1 city of the provinces of Laguna and near a lagoon where commuters can dine and Quezon. refresh.

QUEZON PROTECTED LANDSCAPE The PA is threatened by encroachment, illegal logging, illegal treasure hunting and peace and Quezon Protected Landscape was proclaimed order problems. PA by virtue of Presidential Proclamation No. 594 dated June 2, 2003. It has an area of about BUENAVISTA PROTECTED LANDSCAPE 983 hectares and covers the Municipalities of Pagbilao, Padre Burgos and Atimonan, all in Buenavista Protected Landscape was formerly the Province of Quezon. categorized as a Watershed Forest Reserve. This PA was reclassified as Protected Landscape This PA is the only remaining old growth forest pursuant to the provisions of NIPAS and by in the southeastern part of Quezon. It is a virtue of Presidential Proclamation No. 294 rich repository of flora and fauna because of dated April 23, 2000. It is located in Bgy. its multi-layered old growth forest dominated Buenavista, Mulanay, Quezon with an area of by endemic species. The flora species about 284 hectares. commonly found in the area includes dipterocarpus, parashorea and pentacme. Some of the valuable forestry species found in Non-dipterocarp species, which are equally the area are duguan, bolong-eta, toog, balobo, abundant, are ficus, diospyrus, syziglum and malaikmo, taluto, kalumpit, amugis, and aylain. Calamus species are also found to occur malapapaya. The monitor lizard, wild cat, in large number. Few patches of Imperata tariktic hornbill, grass owl and wild dove are Cylindrica and Saccharum spontaneum are found in the area. Its mountain ecosystem can particularly found along boundaries where be developed for hiking/trekking activities. It human activities are prominent. Wildlife has a natural spring, which supplies potable species that move freely through the three- water to the nearby community. story canopies of the PA include several groups of monkeys, birds, lizards, snakes and insects. MAULAWIN SPRING PROTECTED LANDSCAPE Bird species such as rufous hornbill, rufous concae, forest kingfisher, spotted wood This PA was formerly categorized as a kingfisher and Luzon little crow are also found Watershed Forest Reserve and was reclassified in the area. It is also home for endangered as Protected Landscape pursuant to the species such as Philippine macaque, wild rat provisions of NIPAS and by virtue of Presidential and Philippine deer. Proclamation No. 295 dated April 23, 2000. It is located in Bgy. Magsaysay, San Pedro I and Quezon Protected Landscape is traversed by Himbubulo West in the Municipality of

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Guinayangan, Quezon with approximately an cobra, alamid, monitor lizards, wild chicken area of 149 hectares. and several avifaunal species like bato-bato hawk, green parrot, tarikitik, bat, owl, Maulawin has a spring that yields water all year kingfisher, quail and maya among others. round. It is the only source of drinking water for the residents in the Poblacion. The area This National Park can be a potential eco- still possesses ecological values and distinct tourism area. It has three (3) major peaks: features although it is generally denuded due Mts. Palay-palay, Mt. Mataas na Gulod and Mt. to human pressures. Pico de Loro. The latter is the most impressive to the mountain trekkers for it has the highest MTS. PALAY-PALAY/MATAAS NA GULOD peak at 648 meters above sea level. At NATIONAL PARK present, the Park is being utilized for picnicking, nature tripping and camping. This PA was declared as National Park on October 26, 1976 and the same was considered Encroachment and boundary conflict are as NIPAS Initial Component under RA 7586 of problems, which delay development of this 1992. It is approximately 4,000 hectares and protected landscape. is located within the Municipalites of Maragondon and Ternate in the Province of ALIBIJABAN WILDERNESS AREA Cavite and Nasugbu in Batangas. This area was declared Wilderness Area in The existing vegetation in the area is December 29, 1981 and is now one of the considered second growth forest of molave- Initial Components of NIPAS. It is located within dipterocarp type. The premium species that the coastal waters of San Andres, Quezon with can be found are akle, molave and kalingag, an approximate land area of 430 hectares. The which are known for its medicinal area is rich in flora and fauna. The seaward characteristic, specifically as a cure for portion of the timberland area is white sand. stomach trouble. Other tree species common Its coral reef is in good to excellent condition, in the Park are kamagong, white lauan, red which is a potential snorkeling and scuba diving lauan, guijo and pili. site. Endangered avian species like tabon birds can be found here. In 1995, the Professional Environmental Management Company (PEMC) conducted study Alibijaban is currently threatened by illegal on the floral and faunal species in the area. mangrove gatherers. There were 123 species of wildlife identified in the area: 76 species of birds, 21 species of ALABAT WATERSHED FOREST RESERVE reptiles, 16 species of mammals and 10 species of amphibians 31% of which are endangered. This PA was declared as such last September The endangered species found here are the 18, 1987. The procedure on its reclassification, Philippine Falcon, Blue Nape Parrot or Loro, in accordance with NIPAS Act of 1992 is being Rufous Hornbill or Kalaw and Philippine undertaken. The site is located within the Woodland Frog. Other wildlife species found Municipality of Alabat, Quezon and has an area in the area are monkey, wild pig, phyton, of around 688 hectares. The area is classified

444444 Regionial Physical Framework Plan Volume 2 as tropical rainforest and covered with MULANAY WATERSHED FOREST RESERVE Philippine dipterocarp species and other forestry species. Timber species, rattan and This PA is located at Bgy. Cawayan II, San bamboo are predominant in the area. The PA Francisco, Quezon (formerly Bgy. Taingon, is also the main source of domestic and Mulanay, Quezon). It was proclaimed PA on July irrigation water of the municipality. 28, 1934 with an approximate area of 26 hectares. The area has endemic flora and BINAHAAN WATERSHED FOREST RESERVE fauna, beautiful springs and old growth vegetation ideal for picnic and other This PA is situated in the Pagbilao-Mauban, area recreational activities. Tourist can enjoy in the Province of Quezon. It has an trekking and bathing in cold spring and bird approximate area of 465 hectares. This area watching in the forest. Cawayan creek and was proclaimed PA in May 29, 1991 and is being gullies drain the watershed, which flow to considered for proclamation under the NIPAS adjacent farmlands and eventually flow toward of 1992. The area is endowed with various Tayabas Bay. Potable water from springs can natural wealth such as timber, non-timber, be obtained for domestic use. flora and fauna species. There are beautiful waterfalls for recreational activities where MARIKINA WATERSHED FOREST RESERVE tourists can enjoy trekking, bird watching and swimming. This PA is situated in the northeastern part of Rizal province – within the Municipalities of CALAUAG WATERSHED FOREST RESERVE Rodriguez, Antipolo, Baras, San Mateo and Tanay. It is approximately 16,557 hectares and This PA is located at Barangay Yaganak, was proclaimed PA last January 29, 1986. The Calauag, Quezon covering an area of about 328 area is originally of mountain forests and hectares. This was proclaimed a protected tropical rainforest composed mainly of area in February 1, 1939 and is being dipterocarp species. The watershed is considered to protect the various species of originally intended for the water requirements flora and fauna under the NIPAS of 1992. A of the province and Metro Manila. Presently, boundary conflict among covered areas is yet the portion of the watershed is inhabited by to be settled. squatters and is in a state of degradation and denudation due to unabated logging, slash and LOPEZ WATERSHED FOREST RESERVE burn kaingin system and source of charcoal for livelihood purposes. Several overlapping This PA was proclaimed as such in June 22, proclamations are another problem that is yet 1940. It is located along the municipalities of to be solved. Lopez, Calauag and Guinayangan, Quezon and covers an area of around 418 hectares. The KALIWA RIVER WATERSHED FOREST PA is being considered under the NIPAS Initial RESERVE components for its secondary growth forest, which is ideal for bio-diversity conservation. This PA is located in the upland areas of Tanay Almost half of the area is being occupied and and Antipolo, Rizal. It is approximately 26,000 tilled for agro-forestry production. hectares and was proclaimed PA on June 26,

454545 ÎÎÎ

2. Production and Protection Land Use

1969. Efforts for its proclamation under the TIBIANG-DOMAGONDONG WATERSHED NIPAS of 1992 are being undertaken. FOREST RESERVE

This watershed is being considered by the This was proclaimed PA on July 20, 1938. It Metropolitan Waterworks and Sewerage System has an area of around 280 hectares and is (MWSS) as an alternative source of potable located in Guinayangan, Quezon. The area is water for Rizal Province and Metro Manila. understudy to be included in the NIPAS although Some portions of the watershed are presently residents/occupants disagree to be under planted with rice, annual cultivated crops and NIPAS. perennial crop. Other areas are being used as pasture land. The settlers in the watershed HINILUGANG TAKTAK NATIONAL PARK include not only the IPs called Dumagats and Remontados but also lowland dwellers. The PA is around 3 hectares and is now operating as a resort. It is located in Antipolo Timber poaching, influx of migrants, City, Province of Rizal. Currently, this National overlapping proclamations and boundary issues Park is faced with waste management are problems concerning Kaliwa River problems. development. ADDITIONAL SITES UNNAMED NATIONAL PARK, GAME PRESERVE AND WILDLIFE SANCTUARY These are sites, which has unique physical and biological features that need to be preserved The area was proclaimed PA on April 18, 1977 and protected. CALABARZON has 11 additional and again understudied for proclamation under sites proposed for inclusion under the NIPAS. the NIPAS. This PA has an area of around One of these additional sites has already been 146,000 hectares and is located along the proclaimed while initial steps towards the provinces of Quezon, Rizal, Laguna and proclamation of the other 10 additional sites Bulacan. are being undertaken.

INFANTA WATERSHED FOREST RESERVE ÎÎÎ Pamitinan Protected Landscape

The area is located in Infanta, Quezon and was This was proclaimed PA under NIPAS by virtue declared PA on February 13, 1967. It is of Proclamation No. 901 dated October 10, approximately 384 hectares. It is also being 1996. This is located in the eastern portion of considered under the NIPAS of 1992. Rodriguez (Montalban), Rizal covering an area of 608 hectares. The area is generally utilized POLILLO WATERSHED FOREST RESERVE for mango and other fruit trees plantation, rice production and grazing in some cogonal areas. This PA, which is around 130 hectares, is The various species of endemic flora and fauna located in Polillo, Quezon. It was proclaimed are decreasing due to quarrying. The area can PA on August 9, 1966 and is being considered be developed as camping site, rock climbing for NIPAS. and viewing nature landscape.

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The area is considered as a National Heritage customers and part of neighboring Cavite because of its historical significance. The Province. It is also the source of irrigation Pamitinan Cave used to be the rendezvous of water in some areas in Central Luzon. There is the Katipunan Supremo Andres Bonifacio and a need to study the possibility of charging raw his members during the Spanish era. cost of water being extracted from this watershed. Peace and order and accessibility ÎÎÎ Minasawa Island Game Refuge are the major problems being experienced in and Bird Sanctuary the area.

The PA is located in Brgy. Poblacion, Burdeos, ÎÎÎ Panukulan Watershed Forest Reserve Quezon with an approximate area of 4 hectares. It was declared as PA on September The PA is located in Polillo Island, Quezon. It is 15, 1964. It is also being established under the around 179 hectares and is being proposed NIPAS of 1992 because of the presence of under NIPAS of 1992. unique geological features like coral reefs, white beach, marine area and the presence of ÎÎÎ Kanan River Watershed Forest notable wildlife species and native flora. Reserve

Minasawa is threatened by illegal activities This area, which is approximately 36,331 such as fishing, quarrying, collection of flora hectares, is located in Infanta and General and fauna and hunting. Nakar, Quezon. It is also being considered under NIPAS of 1992. ÎÎÎ Maricaban Strait and Adjacent Waters of Balsuran and Batangas Bays ÎÎÎ Ragay Gulf

The area has been proclaimed PA on Nov. 10, The gulf has an area of about 36,712 hectares 1978 and the same is being subjected for encompasses the municipalities of review under the NIPAS of 1992. Tagkawayan, Guinayangan and Buenavista in the Province of Quezon. Efforts for its inclusion ÎÎÎ Mt. Lobo under the NIPAS of 1992 are being undertaken.

The area is being studied under the NIPAS. ÎÎÎ Mapanghi Cave

ÎÎÎ Umiray River Watershed Forest The cave is located in Burdeos, Quezon. Efforts Reserve for its inclusion under the NIPAS of 1992 are being undertaken. The PA is located in General Nakar, Quezon and was proclaimed in September 28, 1903. It is ÎÎÎ Sumuot Cave approximately 16,723 hectares and is being considered under NIPAS of 1992. This The cave is located in Burdeos, Quezon. Efforts watershed is the main source of Maynilad and for its inclusion under the NIPAS of 1992 are Manila Water serving mostly Metro Manila being undertaken.

474747 2. Production and Protection Land Use

ÎÎÎ Masungi Rock The wetland in Brgy. Angeles, Alabat Quezon is within the A and D land under Project The area is located in Tanay, Rizal. It is around No. 18, Blk. IV, LC Map certified on Nov. 17, 641 hectares. Efforts for its inclusion under 1924. Portion of it falls within the titled the NIPAS of 1992 are being undertaken. property. It is approximately 2.4 hectares. It is accessible by any kind of vehicle. At present, 2.2.2 Non-NIPAS the area serves as habitat of various flora and fauna. It can be an ideal site for research since Non-NIPAS areas are those that have it is a diverse ecosystem, which serves as the outstanding physical and aesthetic features, breeding and feeding ground of various species. anthropological significance, and biological Small volume of water in the area flows to the diversity but not yet included under the NIPAS. adjacent unirrigated rice field but is not used These areas require protection because NIPAS for irrigation purposes. Residents of the components are accorded protection status. These Barangay and adjacent communities go to the non-NIPAS areas include the following: coastal and area to catch fish and hunt birds including their freshwater wetlands; second growth forests eggs and other animals for food. reserved for protection purposes as defined under the Master Plan for Forestry Development; The other wetland called the Acha Reef easements along waterways and shorelines; is located in Ragay Gulf, Tagkawayan, Quezon. important bird areas; and ecotourism sites. It covers an area of 500 hectares. The marine resources found within the area are living a. Wetlands corals that serve as habitat for different marine animals, which includes fishes, crustaceans, Wetlands are areas of marsh, fen, sea snakes, sea turtles and many others. These peatland or water, whether natural or coral reefs also serve as breeding, feeding and artificial, permanent or temporary, with playground of said marine animals. The area water that is static or flowing, fresh, is ideal for marine research due to its distinct brackish or salty, including marine areas corals and different marine animals that use where water depth during low tide does not it as their habitat. exceed six meters. Wetlands are important for water storage, fishery and agricultural The third wetland is located in the production, preservation of wildlife habitats Municipality of Buenavista, Quezon covering and maintenance of water tables. They also barangays Mabutag, Cawa and Cabong. This contribute to shoreline stabilization, water wetland is approximately 220 hectares. purification and reduction of natural hazards such as floods. There are two All the three wetlands are in critical major categories of natural wetlands: state. Illegal fishing and destructive fishing are coastal and freshwater. There are also rampant in these areas causing the degradation artificial wetlands but these are not covered and destruction of the niche/corals and loss in this framework. of various marine species in the area. Despite the local interventions, violators continue to There are three wetlands in the do their illegal activities. This is mainly due CALABARZON Region. These are all located in to slow, weak and inactive prosecution and the province of Quezon. judicial proceeding/litigation.

484848 Regionial Physical Framework Plan Volume 2 b. Other Critical Basins has a total area of 26,318 hectares with 1,289.32 hectares designated as fish There are four (4) water basins needing sanctuary. It has a shoreline perimeter of 88 environmental management in Region IV-A. square kilometers and a maximum and These are the Laguna de Bay, Taal Lake, average depth of 198 and 60 meters, Balayan and Adjacent Bays and Manila Bay. respectively. The Lake is primarily used as a source of livelihood of almost 20,000 LAGUNA DE BAY sustenance fishermen living within the basin.

Laguna de Bay is the largest freshwater lake Presently, however, the supply of tawilis and in Southeast Asia. It is approximately 90,000 maliputo, which is endemic to Taal Lake, has hectares with a 220-kilometer shoreline. Its become scarce due to application of improper watershed area covers 382,000 hectares. The fishing method. Likewise, contributory to it Lake is being utilized for fishing, fish are the wastes and polluted water being production in fish pens/cages and mussel discharged by the big piggery industries farming. It is also used as source of irrigation nearby and the non-scientific mining water during the dry season, source of water operations going on in the area, which slowly supply of lake towns and a transporting route poison and disrupt the aquatic life cycle of of goods from Manila to industrial firms the marine habitat. around the Lake. It encompasses the upland areas of Marikina and Rizal and the lowland BALAYAN AND ADJACENT BAYS municipalities of Laguna. Balayan and the Adjacent Bays Region in The Lake also supplies water to support to Batangas Province is composed of 12 vital industrial operation like heating and municipalities, namely: Nasugbu, Lian, cooling and serves as the final sink of polluted Calatagan, Balayan, Tuy, Calaca, Lemery, Taal, domestic. It is currently in a state of San Luis, Bauan, Mabini and Tingloy. It boasts degradation, which requires a multi-approach of rich and attractive coral reefs. In Mabini system of planning and implementation of and Tingloy waters, the 2003 survey (Fenner) development projects. showed that 25 coral species found in the area are new reports to Philippine coral literature, To address some of the policy gaps, associated which are either not earlier reported and/or issues, and to determine the best use of the possibly even new species for the area. lake, the LLDA has formulated the Laguna de Bay Region Master Plan and the Zone There are at least 319 coral species in the Management Plan (ZOMAP). area, of which eight are considered rare; 32 mangrove and associated species, nine TAAL LAKE seagrass species and 262 fish species. The presence of charismatic species like the Taal Lake is of vital importance for spinner dolphins, marine turtles and sperm conservation because it is a potential whales indicate the bio-richness of Balayan supplemental resource from which to draw and the Adjacent Bays. Owing to its rich coral treatable water in the future for domestic use reefs, beautiful scenery, relatively clean and a tourist destination as well. This Lake marine water, rich cultural and religious

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attractions and proximity to Metro Manila, The ecological values of the Lake include tourism is a growing industry in the area. mangroves, wetlands and coral reefs and seagrass. At the turn of the 20th century, there These habitat resources are, however, under were about 54,000 hectares of mangrove threat. The spillover of CALABARZON or the around the Bay. By 1990, only 2,000 hectares industrialization of the Region poses long-term were recorded, and in 1995, only about 794 threats to the Bays’ marine resources. Oil spills hectares remained. Its wetlands on the other and other discharges have been reported to hand, covers about 4,600 hectares. Millions of occur due to ships passing through Balayan and shorebirds rest and feed in wetlands of Manila Adjacent Bays. With the steady increase in Bay area when flying South from their breeding population, the settlements along the coasts grounds in the arctic tundra during September are likewise growing. Unregulated settlements to April and returning North during the short contribute to pollution going directly to the northern hemisphere summer of May to August. Bays. In adjacent Batangas Bay, an Coral reefs can be found at the mouth of Manila international shipping port has been developed Bay. While there have been significant decline and several heavy industries dot the coastline. over time, coral reefs are still considered Many of these are pollutive industries that important habitats for fish and in the discharges chemical and oil wastes and find functioning of the Manila Bay ecosystem. their way into Balayan and Adjacent Bays. (Manila Bay Coastal Strategy, Oct. 2001)

MANILA BAY Garbage and various unwanted by-products of modern life are being dumped regularly into The Bay is one of the best natural harbors in Manila Bay. Certain type of pollutants, such as the world. It has a coastline of approximately inorganic chemicals and heavy metals 190 kilometers and a surface area of about accumulate. As the zone of influence of 1,800 square kilometers. It is bordered by pollutants extends beyond local boundaries and coastal cities and municipalities of the National across time, the political difficulties of Capital Region (NCR), the coastal provinces of implementing comprehensive, cost-effective Bataan, Pampanga, Bulacan in Region 3, and management interventions are compounded. Cavite in Region 4. Also within the watershed Marine debris, oil spills and operational of Manila Bay are the non-coastal cities and discharges from ships and fishing boats not only municipalities of the NCR, the provinces of threaten the ecosystem but the aesthetic Nueva Ecija and Tarlac in Region 3, and Rizal quality of the Bay. A polluted and congested and Laguna in Region 4. Bay renders tourism development a high-risk investment. Health risk continues and will only The two (2) main contributory areas are the intensify the pressure on the government to Pasig and the Pampanga river basins. The Pasig put in additional resources for the provision River connects Manila Bay with Laguna de Bay. of health and other social services (Manila Bay Most of the river systems in the province of Coastal Strategy). Pampanga, Bulacan and Nueva Ecija drain into the Pampanga River. Other major rivers To address these problems, the Manila Bay discharging directly into Manila Bay are Talisay, Environment Management Project (MBEMP) was Pasag, Meycauayan, Navotas-Malabon- conceptualized by the GEF/UNDP/IMO Regional Tullahan-Tenejeros and Maragondon. Programme on Building Partnerships in

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Environmental Management for the Seas of East lowlanders and other settlers in the area; 3) Lack Asia (PEMSEA). The specific objective of the of support from the local as well as national Regional Programme with respect to pollution government agencies in the development of the hot spot is to apply the environmental risk area; 4) peace and order problem; 5) delineation management process to address transboundary of their AD. environmental issues in subregional sea areas under stress. 2.2.4 Environmentally Constrained Areas

2.2.3 Ancestral Domain Areas Environmentally constrained areas are areas prone to natural hazards. The country, by reason of Ancestral domain as defined under R.A. 8371 its geographic, geologic and tectonic setting, is prone otherwise known as the Indigenous Peoples Rights to several geologic and natural hazards. The Act of 1997 refers to all areas generally belonging recognition of these hazards is important to increase to ICC/IPs comprising lands, inland waters, coastal public awareness in order to prevent and/or areas, and natural resources therein, held under minimize destruction to property and great loss of claim of ownership, occupied or possessed by ICCs/ life. Generally, there are two types of natural IPs, by themselves or through their ancestors, hazards, the geologic hazards or geohazards and communally or individually since time immemorial, hydrologic hazards. continuously to the present except when interrupted by war, force majeure or displacement by force, Geohazards refer to natural and man-induced deceit, stealth or as a consequence of government geological processes that pose threat or risk and have projects or any other voluntary dealings entered into the potential of causing destruction to man’s life by government and private individuals/corporations, and property. It includes the earthquake/seismic and which are necessary to ensure their economic, hazards, mass movements and volcanic hazards. social and cultural welfare. It shall include ancestral lands, forests, pasture, residential, agricultural and a. Earthquake/Seismic Hazards other lands individually owned whether alienable and disposable or otherwise, hunting grounds, burial The region is prone to earthquake/ grounds, worship areas, bodies of water, mineral and seismic hazard. Earthquake in the area maybe other natural resources, and lands which may no generated by the Philippine Trench, the East longer be exclusively occupied by ICCs/IPs but from Luzon Trench and the Manila Trench. Other which they traditionally had access to for their major active earthquake generators that may subsistence and traditional activities particularly the affect the region include the Valley Fault, the home ranges of ICCs/IPs who are still nomadic and/ Philippine Fault, the Lubang-Verde Island Fault. or shifting cultivators. The Valley Fault System, the major fault in the region consists of the non-active East Valley The NCIP has recognized the ICCs/IPs within Fault and the active West Valley Fault. The the CALABARZON areas namely, the Dumagats of East Valley Fault runs from the towns of Quezon and Rizal, the Remontados of Rizal and the Binangonan and Taytay up to the north of Aeta Baluga of Quezon. Rodriguez in Rizal. The West Valley Fault runs from Rodriguez, Rizal to the Parañaque area Some of the problems which beset IPs are: 1) to the western boundary of Laguna (San Pedro- There are titled properties within the ancestral Biñan-Sta. Rosa-Calamba) near its boundary domain areas; 2) There are encroachments by the with Cavite (Carmona-Silang), gradually

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curving towards the west as it approaches the areas affected include Montalban, Cainta, Batangas - Cavite boundary at Tagaytay Ridge. Taytay, Teresa and Pililla. Another fault, the Lipa Fault, extends from Maricaban Island south of Mabini, Batangas up Liquefaction refers to a process that to Lipa to the southeastern coast of Laguna transforms the behavior of loose, water- Lake. (Figure 2.19) saturated soil from solid to liquid. This occurs during intense ground shaking and results in There are two large earthquakes to date forcible expulsion of water and sediments to reported pointing to or proximate the province the surface in the form of water and sand of Quezon as the epicenter. The first is the fountaining. Soils, which are most likely to Alabat Earthquake on August 20, 1937 and the liquefy, are the recent alluvial deposits Ragay Gulf Earthquake on March 17, 1973. The composed of sands and silts (usually less than town worst hit by the Ragay Gulf earthquake 10,000 years old), with high ground water is Caluag and Lopez in Quezon damaging levels and poorly compacted fills are properties, transportation and communication susceptible to this hazard. lines. In the Alabat Earthquake, damage to buildings in greater Manila area, Laguna and The coastal areas in Cavite and low-lying Batangas were heavy. areas of Imus, low-lying areas in Laguna, areas near or surrounding the Laguna de Bay, the The major causes of damage during low-lying areas near or surrounding the Balayan earthquakes/seismic hazards include hazards Bay, Batangas Bay and Lobo in Batangas, low- due to ground shaking, liquefaction, landslide, lying areas of Angono, San Mateo, Rodriguez surface rupturing, and tsunami in Rizal and the northeastern Polillo and Lucena-Tayabas, in Quezon area are prone to Ground Shaking refers to the disrupting this hazard. up-down sideways motion of the ground attendant to an earthquake event. In la rge Landslide refers to the downslope magnitude earthquakes, ground shaking can movement of sliding masses of soil and/or rock cause building collapse, liquefaction and detached from the underlying stationary part landslides. of the slope. This occurs when slope materials are no longer able to resist the force of gravity. The entire region may be affected by this It is sometimes called mass movement or mass hazard. The magnitude however, will depend wasting. In general, areas with steep slope on the intensity of the earthquake, the underlain by clayey soil or highly weathered characteristic of the underlying rocks and or fractured rock and transected by or near an proximity of the epicenter. PHILVOCS has active fault are vulnerable to this hazard. observed that ground-shaking effects can be felt as far as 100 kilometers from the epicenter. Landslide prone areas include the On August 2, 1968, an earthquake with a Carmona-Silang areas along the trace of West Richter magnitude of 7.3 with the epicenter Valley Fault; the Tagaytay Ridge and nearby located 230 kilometers northeast of Manila or steeply sloping areas. Deeply incised rivers, about 60 kilometers northeast of Baler, Aurora which are common in Cavite, are also prone affected the whole region with strong ground to this hazard. Steeply sloping areas in shaking bringing damage to Rizal province. The Calamba, Los Baños, San Pablo, Paete,

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Kalayaan, Mabitac, Siniloan, and Famy are Tsunami refers to water waves or seismic identified landslide prone areas in Laguna. The sea waves caused by large-scale sudden steep topography of San Mateo, Antipolo, movement of the sea floor, due usually to Morong, Tanay, Teresa, Pililla and Baras are the earthquakes and on rare occasions to areas in Rizal prone to this hazard. In Quezon landslides, volcanic eruptions, or man-made province, the municipalities in Bondoc explosions. These waves can reach up to tens Peninsula, Caluag, Lopez and Atimonan are the of meters above sea level. areas prone to landslide. Occurrences are restricted along the Surface Faulting/Rupturing refers to the coastal town areas of Cavite that include offset or tearing of the ground surface by Ternate, Naic, Tanza, Rosario, Noveleta, Cavite differential movement along a fault during an City and Bacor towns. This hazard may occur earthquake. This effect is generally associated along the coastal areas of Batangas that include with Richter magnitudes of 5.5 or greater and Balayan Bay, Batangas Bay, Lobo, Nasugbu and is restricted to particularly earthquake-prone Calatagan shore areas. Lake tsunami also occurs areas. Displacements range from a few in Taal Lake during the explosive eruptions of millimeters to several meters, and the damage Taal Volcano that creates large magnitude waves usually increases with increasing displacement. on the lake water induced by the sudden Significant damage is usually restricted to a displacement of materials caused by explosions, narrow zone ranging up to 300 meters wide blasts, pyroclastic flows, landslides and along the fault, although subsidiary ruptures earthquakes at or near the lakeshore Since may occur three to four kilometers from the most of the towns of Rizal are inland, tsunami main fault. hazard is unlikely to occur, except those near the shores of Laguna Lake like Angono, Jala- Surface rupturing maybe pronounced if jala, Morong, Pililla, and Teresa where lake it occurs in Carmona-Silang and Tagaytay Ridge tsunami may be possible. Laguna area is not areas, in San Pedro, Biñan, Cabuyao and Sta. vulnerable to this hazard. Rosa, Laguna, in Mabini Lipa, Cuenca, Batangas, municipalities which are dissected b. Volcanic Hazards by the active West Valley Fault. Lumban, Kalayaan, Paete and Famy, Laguna may also The CALABARZON region has two active experience surface rupturing hazard due to the volcanoes, Taal Volcano and Mt. Banahaw. northeast trending fault. Surface rupturing may occur in the municipalities of San Mateo Taal Volcano is situated in a highly and Rodriguez particularly those that are near populated and rapidly growing agricultural and or within the Valley Fault System. industrial region. Five towns are located around the lakeshore and 2 cities and 8 more In addition to buildings, linear structures towns are lined up along its caldera rim. Since such as roads, railroads, bridges, tunnels, and 1572, Taal has erupted at least 34 times. Since pipelines are susceptible to damage from early 1991, the volcano has been restless, with surface faulting. Obviously, the most effective swarms of earthquakes, new steaming areas, way to limit such damage is to avoid ground fracturing, and increases in water construction in the immediate vicinity of active temperature of the lake. Taal is one of 15 faults. “Decade Volcanoes” that have been identified

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by the volcanology community as presenting include lava flows, and base surges, ash or large potential hazards to population centers. tephra falls tsunami, seiches and fissuring.

Figure 2.21 is an image of Taal volcano; Lava Flow refers to relatively large, the black area in the center is Taal Lake, which coherent elongated streams of incandescent nearly fills the 30-kilometer-diameter (18-mile) molten volcanic rock materials, which usually caldera. The caldera rim consists of deeply ooze non-explosively from the volcano’s eroded hills and cliffs. The large island in Taal summit crater or from a vent near the summit Lake, which itself contains a crater lake, is and then move along ravines and gullies. These known as Volcano Island. The bright yellow are extremely hot (about 1000°), viscous, and patch on the southwest side of the island marks move slowly. Because of the viscosity of the the site of an explosion crater that formed magma, lava flows do not spread out too far during a deadly eruption of Taal in 1965. The from the crater. Areas prone to lava flows are bright area in the upper right of the image is the barangays confined with the Taal Volcano the densely populated city of Manila, only 50 Island. Lava flows during eruptions in n 1968 kilometers (30 miles) north of the central crater. and 1969 were confined within the embayment created by the 1965 eruption in the southwest Mount Banahaw lies between the flank of Volcano Island and apparently did not provinces of Laguna and Quezon. The pose a significant threat at that time. However, municipalities surrounding the volcano are lava flows could be a serious hazard at Taal if susceptible to various hazards posed by the erupted from a lakeshore vent and volcano. The volcano has four recorded eruption accompanied by violent hydrovolcanic since 1970, the latest eruption in 1909. explosions resulting from lava-lakewater interaction. The hazards posed by volcanoes are mostly associated with eruptions. These Base surges are special form of Figure 2.21 pyroclastic flow whose turbulent volcanic Taal Volcano debris-laden clouds flow rapidly outward in all direction from the base of the main eruption column. The Taal Volcano Base Surges Hazard Map (Figure 2.22) shows the municipalities of Talisay, Laurel, and Agoncillo as areas susceptible to base surges. Base surge eruptions in 1911 and 1965 blasted the villages to the west of the vent at Volcano Island, traveling 3 km across Taal Lake. This particular hazard is the notorious cause of deaths and destructions both on Volcano Island and in lakeshore areas as surges can propagate over the lake without significant reduction in force.

Tephra falls are materials extruded by volcanic explosions, which are transported through the air. Tephra includes particles and

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585858 Regionial Physical Framework Plan Volume 2 fragments of any size remaining from huge depending on the magnitude of eruption and blocks of bombs (more than 60mm in size) to direction of the wind. lapilli (2-64m) to ash (less than 2mm). Ash, because of its small size, can be thrown high Seiches refers to seismically induced upward, remain airborne for a long time and oscillation or sloshing of water contained in can be carried by prevailing winds to far reservoirs, lakes, ponds and other bodies of distances. water. Figure 2.24 shows the areas susceptible to seiches/lakewater oscillation. All Taal Figure 2.23 shows the areas, which are lakeshore municipalities are prone to this at risk of tephra fall. High-risk areas will likely hazard resulting to inundation of land and receive more than centimeter thick ashfall, structures. Ground fissuring refers to a break moderate risk area will receive 1 – 10 or rupture in the ground caused by movement centimeters while low risk area will likely of magma beneath the earth surface, usually receive one centimeter thick ashfall. Areas accompanied by earthquakes. The Taal Volcano prone to tephra falls and ballistic projectiles Fissuring Hazard Map (Figure 2.24) shows the are those near the volcano which t include areas susceptible to this hazard. Laurel, Tagaytay City, Tanauan, Malvar, Lipa, San Jose, Cuenca, Lemery, Taal, and c. Hydrologic Hazards Agoncillo.Meanwhile, Calamba-Los Baños may receive 1 centimeter thick ash fall if Taal erupts Hydrologic hazards include fluvial (river) with the same intensity as before, while other flooding and coastal flooding. Floods are areas will receive minimal ash fall hazard generated by excessive rainfall associated with

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606060 Regionial Physical Framework Plan Volume 2 tropical cyclone occurrences. are prone to coastal flooding. The San Juan area, on the other hand, is prone to river River Flooding occurs when the capacity flooding. In Rizal, the towns of Cainta, Taytay, of stream channels to conduct water is San Mateo, Montalban, are prone to river exceeded and water overflows the riverbanks. flooding; while the towns of Morong, Teresa, Floods are natural phenomena, and maybe Pililla, Jala-jala are prone to lakeshore expected to occur at irregular intervals on all flooding. The coastal municipalities Lucena, stream and rivers. Atimonan, Gumaca, Plaridel, Calauag, Sariaya, and the Bondoc Peninsula in Quezon are prone Coastal Flooding is caused by storm to coastal flooding. surges, often exacerbated by storm run-off from the upper watershed. Tsunamis are a d. Erosion special type of sea-borne flood. Storm surges are an abnormal rise in sea water level Erosion is a destructive process that associated hurricanes and other storms at sea. smoothens the earth surface by leveling down Surges result from strong on-shore winds and/ irregularities like mountains, hills and or intense low-pressure cells and ocean everything rising above sea level. The major storms. element of erosion in the region is water especially during heavy rainfall. Erosion causes Areas prone to hydrologic hazard in the topsoil and everything on the land surface Cavite include the coastal towns Naic, Tanza, along with the flowing water to be carried Rosario, Noveleta, Cavite City, Kawit, and away usually resulting in flooding. Table 2.26 Bacoor and those near large rivers. The and Figure 2.25 depict the seriousness of lakeshore towns encircling the Laguna de Bay erosion in the region. Recent typhoons has led are susceptible to lakeshore flooding and this to the erosion in many parts of Real, Infanta include the towns of San Pedro, Biñan, Sta. and Gen. Nakar in Quezon. The calamity has Rosa, Calamba, Cabuyao, Calamba, Sta. Cruz, brought a total of 733 dead, 575 injured, 318 Lumban, Paete, Siniloan, and Famy. In missing and 75,464 families evacuated Batangas, the municipalities of Lemery, according to the partial data of the Philippine Calaca, Bauan, Mabini, Batangas City and Lobo National Police (PNP)

Table 2.26 Erosion Classes by Province CALABARZON, 1990-1991

Province Slight Moderate Severe Total

Batangas 42,966 137,488 82,107 262,561 Cavite 121,067 2,800 2,018 125,885 Laguna 83,355 11,539 18,591 113,485 Quezon 527,511 104,898 47,023 679,432 Rizal 44,469 7,647 60,948 113,064 CALABARZON 819,368 264,372 210,687 1,294,427

SOURCE: Bureau of Soils and Water Management

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626262 Urbanization and Settlement Pattern 3

Settlements are areas where concentrations of Metro Manila’s urbanization’s spillover. of population engaged in economic, political, cul- tural and social activities are relatively high. The Figure 2.26 show that majority or 83.4 per- areas vary from small agricultural-based rural vil- cent of Rizal’s barangays are now classified as ur- lages to metropolitan urban centers with high con- ban. Rizal has the highest proportion of barangays centration of people (NFPP, 2003). In the Regional classified as urban. In contrast, Quezon has only 119 Physical Framework Plan (RPFP) for CALABARZON, barangays considered as urban out of the 1,242 to- the settlements component is a synthesis of the lo- tal number of barangays. cation, scope and direction of urban growth in the region. Figure 2.27 shows the extent of urbanization in the region for the period 1990 and 2000. The ar- 3.1 Urban Barangays eas marked with dark red are the barangays classi- fied as urban since 1990. There are 1,313 barangays Based on the 2000 Census, CALABARZON has that fall into this category. The areas maked with the highest proportion of urban barangays (42.3 %) light red are the barangays reclassified as urban only outside of NCR, and is followed by Region III with in 2000 while the areas colored yellow are the ur- 41.4 percent. Rizal, Cavite, and Laguna ranked first, ban barangays in 1990 but were reclassified as rural second, and third respectively, with the highest pro- in 2000. The rural barangays reclassified as urban in portions of urban barangays. Batangas and Quezon posted relatively low per- centage of urban barangays with 38 and 10 percent, respec- tively. The change in barangay classifica- tion appears to be faster in municipali- ties and cities adja- cent to NCR and are lying along the major transport axes. These areas have become immediate catchment

636363 3. Urbanization and Settlement Pattern

2000 numbered 340 while the urban barangays re- the RICALA made these provinces among the areas classified to rural totaled 333. The areas colored with the highest proportion of urban population: light black are the rural barangays that has not Rizal, 94 percent; Cavite, at 87 percent; and La- changed status. These barangays comprised the bulk guna, at 84 percent. In comparison, less than half with 1,979 or 49 percent of the total 4,009 barangays of the population of Batangas and Quezon reside in of the region. the urban areas.

3.2 Urban Population Ten cities and 31 municipalities are already classified as 100 percent urban. Most of these form The high urban growth rate average of 5.79 part of the catchment area. However, they have the percent between 1970 to 2000 made CALABARZON smallest land area among the municipalities and cit- the most highly urbanized region outside NCR. In ies in the region. 2000, the region’s urban population comprised 67.4 percent of its total population. This share is expected As mentioned in the earlier analysis of popu- to increase to 70 percent in 2010. While in general, lation data for the period 1970 to 2000, the overall the rapid increase in urban population is due to the Urban Rural Growth Development (URGD) has been movement of people from rural to urban areas within observed to be consistently positive which reflects the province, this is not true for Rizal, Cavite and that urban population has been experiencing much Laguna (RICALA). The increase in urban population faster growth than the rural population. However, in these provinces was due mainly to the migration between 1990 and 2000, Quezon and Rizal registered of people from NCR and other regions of the coun- negative URGD, indicating de-urbanization. A review try. In some cases, migration was initially towards of the population distribution by municipality showed the rural areas of the region. As these rural areas that 35 out of 40 municipalities of Quezon and four grew and developed, they were later reclassified as out of 13 municipalities of Rizal had undergone de- urban areas. The massive movement of people to urbanization.

Table 2.27 Number and Percentage of Urban Barangays and Population CALABARZON, 2000

Urban Barangays Population Number % Total Pop. Urban Pop. % Philippines 9,998 23.8 76,504,077 36,756,881 48.0 NCR 1,694 100.0 9,932,560 9,932,560 100.0 Region 3 1,311 41.4 8,204,742 4,901,257 59.7 CALABARZON 1,699 42.4 9,320,629 6,281,506 42.4 Batangas 409 38.0 1,905,358 844,981 44.4 Cavite 654 79.0 2,063,161 1,791,068 86.8 Laguna 361 53.6 1,965,872 1,641,272 83.5 Quezon 119 9.6 1,679,030 368,722 22.0 Rizal 156 83.4 1,707,218 1,635,413 95.8 Source: NSO

646464 Regionial Physical Framework Plan Volume 2 Figure 2.27 CALABARZON, 1990 and 200 Urban-Rural Classification of Barangays of Classification Urban-Rural

656565 3. Urbanization and Settlement Pattern

BUILT-UP AREAS

3.3 Built-Up Areas total A & D while Laguna had the least with 1.1 per- cent. Cavite also registered high proportion of built- The total built-up area of the region is esti- up areas in relation to its A and D at 53 percent. In mated at 171,378.31 hectares. This represents 16.3 terms of percentage distribution of built-up areas percent of the total land classified as A & D. By by province, Cavite got the biggest share with 34 province, Rizal province showed the highest pro- percent while Laguna had the least with less than portion (75 %) of built-up areas in relation to its one percent. The percentage share of Rizal and

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Table 2.28 Total Land Area, A & D, Estimated Built-Up Areas and Percentage of Built-Up Areas from A&D CALABARZON, 2002

Percentage of Percentage Total Land 1/ 1/ A & D Built-up Built-Up Areas Share of Built- Provinces Area 2/ 3/ (Has) Area (Has) from A & D Up Areas by (Has) Province3/

Region IV-A 1,622,861 1,048,541 171,378.31 16.34 100

Batangas 316,581 267,760 35,865.01 13.39 20.93

Cavite 128,755 107,733 57,563.20 53.43 33.59

Laguna 175,973 134,720 1,431.10 1.06 0.84

Quezon 870,660 474,439 28,200.00 5.94 16.45

Rizal 130,892 63,889 48,319.00 75.63 28.19 Sources of Data: 1/DENR, 2/Estimates of PPDOs, 3/Computed

Batangas to the total built-up area of the region is Highway which traverses Laguna, Batangas and also substantial at 28 and 21 percent , respectively. Quezon, and the Cavite Coastal Road, which con- The data for Laguna might need validation consid- nects the region to Metro Manila. Due to heavy traf- ering the wide extent of urbanization as shown in fic volume in the urban centers, new road networks Table 2.29 of the areas adjacent to NCR. It shall be have been built such as the Southern Tagalog Access point out, however, that the urban-rural classifica- Road (STAR), Manila South Road (MSR) and Manila tion of NSO is on a per barangay basis and not on East Road. exact location of establishments, hence, this tend to be more extensive in scope compared with the The existing settlements pattern of the region built-up areas. (Figure 2.29) is undoubtedly influenced heavily by its proximity to the NCR. It is for this reason The map on built-up areas (Figure 2.28) ob- that the hierarchy of settlements of CALABARZON is tained from the SAFDZ is consistent with the urban quite different with other regions of the country classification map of barangays (Figure 2.28), at where normally the regional centers are the domi- least in terms of direction. The map generally indi- nant urban centers. For the CALABARZON, the hier- cates that the areas near NCR have the highest con- archy of settlements is characterized by the pres- centration of built-up areas. ence of several clusters of contiguous municipali- ties and cities, which perform functions similar to 3.4 Existing Hierarchy of Settlements and those of a metropolis. These clusters are collectively Settlements Patterns termed as the Urban Growth Clusters (UGC) or Catchment Areas. The UGC is followed by the large CALABARZON is composed of five provinces, and medium towns. These towns have population 10 cities, 132 municipalities and 4,009 barangays more than twenty-five thousand and serve as ad- connected with each other in varying degrees physi- ministrative, social and economic centers to adja- cally and economically. These political subdivisions cent municipalities. The rest of the municipalities form a regionwide, hierarchichal network of settle- are considered as small towns, each of which have ments. The provinces are linked by several road their central business districts that serve as centers networks notably the Philippine-Japan Friendship for commerce and provide primary social services.

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Figure 2.29 Existing Hierarchy of Settlements CALABARZON

Legend Urban Growth Corridor Large Town Medium Town Small Town

3.4.1 Urban Growth Clusters (UGC) b. Western Laguna Cluster: San Pedro-Biñan- Sta. Rosa-Cabuyao-Calamba-Los Baños-Bay The UGC are highly urbanized cities and mu- (Comprise mainly of the 1st and Second Districts nicipalities that provide wide range and the highest of Laguna) levels and scales of services (Figure 2.30). The clus- ter stretches from Rodriguez, Rizal in the north down c. Northern Cavite Cluster: Bacoor-Imus- to Batangas City and Pagbilao in the south. Dasmariñas-Kawit-GMA-Carmona-Noveleta- Cavite City The UGC is subdivided into the following groups: d. Tagaytay-Silang Cluster: Tagaytay-Silang

a. Northern Rizal Cluster: Rodriguez-San e. Central Cavite Cluster: Rosario-Gen.Trias- Mateo-Cainta-Taytaytay-Antipolo City-Angono- Naic-Tanza-Trece Martirez City Binangonan

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f. Metro Batangas: SanJose-Batangas City-San in the region in terms of industrial, commercial, fi- Pascual-Bauan-Mabini nancial, and support services. Minimal agricultural activities are found in these clusters. g. Metro Lipa: Sto. Tomas-Malvar—Tanuan-Lipa City 3.4.2 Large Towns and Medium Towns

h. San Pablo City-Metro Lucena: San Pablo City In the case of Laguna, the provincial capital- (Laguna)-Tiaong-Candelaria-Sariaya-Tayabas- Santa Cruz serves as its administrative, economic Lucena City-Pagbilao and social services center particularly the 3rd and 4th congressional districts. Other large towns such Except Laguna province whose provincial capi- as Siniloan also in Laguna and Catanuan and Gen- tol is in Santa Cruz, the seats of the provincial gov- eral Nakar in Quezon provide services to the sur- ernments are located in these clusters. The desig- rounding municipalities as transshipment points of nated regional government center, Calamba City, is local products before being transported to other also part of the cluster. Most regional offices of na- municipalities. These large towns, being classified tional line agencies are now located in these clus- as minor urban settlements, serve as agricultural ters. service centers. They offer a range of urban ser- vices and facilities that compliment those of the Aside from serving as administrative centers, clusters and have the potential to become interme- these clusters serve the hubs of economic activities diate-sized centers.

Figure 2.30 Urban Development Cluster/Corridor CALABARZON, 1980-2000

Antipolo City

Dasmariñas

Calamba City San Pablo City

Tagaytay City

Legend Lipa City Lucena City 1 - Metro Rizal Urban Cluster 2 - Western Laguna Urban Cluster 3 - Northern Cavite Urban Cluster Batangas City 4 - Central Cavite Urban Cluster 5 - Tagaytay-Silang Urban Cluster 6 - Metro Batangas Urban Cluster 7 - Metro Lipa Urban Cluster 8 - San Pablo-etro Lucena Urban Cluster Resource-Based Area

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Medium towns as identified in the Provincial of service facilities in in the UGC which is more popu- Physical Framework Plans (PPFPs) include: (1) lous is more evident compared with the rural growth Batangas – cuenca, Mataas na Kahoy, Ibaan, Padre clusters. Areas with population size greater than Garcia, Taysan, Lobo, Tuy, Lian, Calatagan and 200,000 can support functions and services such as Talisay; (2) Laguna – Alaminos, Calauan, Lumban, subdivisions, fastfoods, banks, universities, three-star Liliw, Nagcarlan, Paete, Pagsanjan and Pila; (3) hotels, tertiary hospitals and malls. Again, the Quezon – Calauag, Gumaca, Lucban, Lopez and CALABARZON’s proximity to NCR may be one of the Mauban; and, (4) Rizal – Baras, Jala-jala, Morong factors that determine the type and level of services and Pililla. the region’s settlements provide aside from popula- tion size. This is shown by the fact that although some 3.4.3 Small Towns and Central Business of the clusters in the region have larger population Districts (CBDs) sizes compared with Metro Cebu and Metro Davao, the region does not have an international airport. It In the case of the Central Business Districts is in this light that the link of CALABARZON to the (CBD), usually the “poblaciones”, smaller towns and NCR needs to be enhanced because of the need for cities and other rural settlements provide direct links access to regional or international airport, which to rural production areas that are not served by the CALABARZON does not have yet at present. larger urban centers. As link to these areas. These poblaciones are characterized by the presence of In terms of travel time to provincial centers, small-scale agricultural services such as milling and all the provincial centers are accessible and with processing suppliers of farm inputs and implements, relatively good quality of roads except for Quezon. and the presence of low level services for health Travel time to Lucena City, the provincial adminis- and education. trative center, from the Northern most part of Quezon (General Nakar) takes four hours while the 3.5 Criteria Used in Identifying the Hierarchy Southernmost (Tagkawayan) takes three to four of Centers in the Region hours. On the other hand, travel time to Lucena City from its island municipality of Jomalig takes seven The spatial pattern and settlement hierarchy hours. Areas included in the UGC which have the in the region are generally identified in terms of highest level of services are also highly accessible the roles and functions that the cities and munici- to the medium and small towns. palities play in the development of the CALABARZON region. The identification of hierarchy was also based 3.7 Implication of Urbanization on the criteria developed by the provinces in the formulation of their respective PPFPs. The PPFPs The proportion of of population residing in categorized each city/municipality into levels of areas classified as urban is expected to expand dra- urban hierarchy according to roles, indicator func- matically. If the current trend continues, 100 per- tion and population size. cent of the population will be living in urban areas by 2035. The provinces adjacent to NCR will reach 3.6 Accessibility Analysis 100 urbanization level much earlier than the pro- jection for the region. The province of Rizal will be The scalogram (Table 2.29) for the development 100 percent urban before 2010, Cavite by 2011 and clusters of the region indicates that generally, the Laguna by 2015. Batangas and Quezon will take level and scale of urban service in the region is di- longer period of time before they reach 100 per- rectly proportional to population size. The presence cent urbanization level.

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FigureFigure 2.31 2.31 ActualActual and Projectedand Projected Proportion Proportion of ofUrban Urban and and Rural Rural Population Population CALABARZONCALABARZON, Region, 1970-2030 1970-2030

100

90 92.45 87.63 80 81.27

70 65.4 67.39 60 57 58.4 50 43 40 41.6 34.6 30 32.61

20 18.73 10 12.37 7.54 0 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040

Urban (Actual) Rural (Actual) Urban (Projected) Rural (Projected)

Table 2.29 Scalogram of Development Clusters

Interna- Subdi- Fast Univer- 3 Star 5 Star Regional Rank Areas Population Bank Hospital Malls Seaport tional vision Food sity Hotel Hotel Airport Airport 1 Northern Rizal Cluster * 1,424,689 2 Northern Cavite Cluster * 1,234,880 3 Western Laguna Cluster * 1,131,787 4 San Pablo-Metro Lucena * 809,934 5 Bondoc Peninsula 748,175 Upland Cav-Bat Agri-Tour 6 Corridor 716,224 Banahaw-Laguna Lakeshore 7 701,297 Corridor 8 Sierra-Madre-Pacific Corridor 509,819 9 Metro Batangas Cluster * 458,872 10 Metro Lipa Cluster * 449,070 11 Central Cavite Cluster * 406,209 Batangas-Quezon Agri- 12 329,102 based Corridor 13 Tagaytay-Silang Cluster * 201,424 Lakeshore Municipality of 14 199,147 Batangas

Notes: Those with asterisks (*) are the Urban development corridors/clusters while the unmarked are the resource-based area corridors/clusters. Note that some of the resource-based corridors have higher population count because there are more municipalities included in the cluster.

717171 3. Urbanization and Settlement Pattern

The growth rate of the urban population in tively, these areas comprise 65 percent of the total CALABARZON was consistently higher than its total population in the region or six out of ten Population Growth Rate. The urban-rural growth CALABARZONian reside in these clusters. Population differentials (URGD) have been consistently positive densities and growth rates are highest in these catch- with the urban population growing faster than the ment areas. Figure 2.32 shows the change in popu- rural population though not on a steady increase, lation densities from 1980 to 2000. with 3.7 percent during the 1970-1980 period; 6.4 percent between 1980 to 1990; and 4.0 percent be- While cities and urban areas are considered tween 1990 to 2000. as engines of growth and natural focal points for cultural and socio-economic innovations and change, During the period 1990 to 2000, the URGD was unplanned growth of these areas may lead to a cri- consistently positive in the provinces of Batangas, sis in living conditions and in social and health ser- Cavite and Laguna while Quezon and Rizal registered vices. The rapid growth of urban areas caused by negative URGD (Table 2.30). The negative URGD reg- migration, population momentum and high fertility istered by Quezon and Rizal may be due to the fact may outpace governments’ abilities to provide ba- that some portion of the population might have sic services and economic opportunities. Population settled in areas classified as rural although the Na- growth in unplanned areas will strain urban infra- tional Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) indi- structures and caused severe housing shortages, cates that rural areas usually have higher total fer- congestion, higher crime rates and increased pollu- tility rates compared to urban areas. The increas- tion, and may contribute to the spread of communi- ing growth rate of the rural population had to be cable diseases. Unless concerted action is taken to evaluated closely because areas classified as envi- address the root causes of rapid urbanization, in- ronmentally critical might have been occupied by cluding migration from rural to urban areas, the informal settlers. number of people living in slums will grow in the coming years (UNFPA). It is in this light that the Re- By all indications, the movement of the popu- gional Physical Framework Plan (RPFP) shall en- lation is urbanward particularly in municipalities deavor to push for development strategies that will near NCR. As shown in the data, however, eight clus- enable people living in rural areas to survive and ters of municipalities in the five provinces of the prosper without having to consider migration to cit- region manifested high population growth. Collec- ies as their only viable option.

Table 2.30 Population Growth Rate by Urban-Rural and Urban-Rural Growth Differential (URGD) CALABARZON Region, 1970-2000 Urban Rural URGD Areas 1970- 1980- 1990- 1970- 1980- 1990- 1970- 1980- 1990- 1980 1990 2000 1980 1990 2000 1980 1990 2000 Batangas 3.90 7.16 7.80 2.12 1.01 -0.17 1.78 6.15 7.96 Cavite 5.83 6.68 7.36 1.83 -1.30 0.00 4.00 7.98 7.36 Laguna 5.41 5.56 4.88 0.84 -0.78 -0.77 4.57 6.34 5.65 Quezon 2.55 3.23 -2.00 2.15 1.41 3.59 0.40 1.82 -5.59 Rizal 9.85 8.70 5.47 -0.39 11.01 15.10 10.24 -2.31 -9.63 CALABARZON 5.48 6.48 5.41 1.80 0.07 1.41 3.68 6.41 4.00

SOURCE: NSO

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Figure 2.32 Change in Population Density by City/Municipality CALABARZON Region, 1980 - 2000

Areas w/ pop. Density below 574.33 persons/sq. km.

Areas w/ pop. Density Above 574.33 persons/sq. km since 1980 Areas w/ pop. Density Above 574.33 persons/sq. km since 1990. Areas w/ pop. Density Above 574.33 persons/sq. km since 2000.

737373 Infrastructure 4 Utilities

4.1 Transportation · The newly built 22-kilometer Southern Tagalog Access Road (STAR) a fast alternative route 4.1.1 Roads from Sto. Tomas, Batangas to Lipa City and Batangas City; Being a mainland region, CALABARZON is dominated by road-based transport system, · The Manila South Road (MSR) linking Calamba particularly major national roads connecting primary City to Quezon in the south up to the Bicol and secondary urban centers. Among these major Region. (The MSR forms part of the Maharlika roads are: Highway (PAN-Philippine Highway), the country’s main trunkline linking north and · The South Luzon Expressway (SLEX) of the main south); backbone connecting Manila extends towards Calamba City passing through San Pedro, Biñan, · The Manila East Road links Rizal starting from Sta. Rosa and Cabuyao; Cainta towards the municipalities of Laguna and Quezon; · The Manila-Batangas Road connecting Calamba City and Batangas City passing through Lipa City; · Manila-Cavite Expressway, Aguinaldo Highway, Molino Road, Calamba-Tagaytay Road and Sta. Rosa-Tagaytay Road are main routes to Cavite;

The proximity of Region IV-A to the NCR has generated heavy traffic volume particularly in urban centers where regional and provincial trips for passengers, commodities and vehicles are high. These areas have been identified through the Origin- Destination (OD) survey contained in the Master Plan on the Luzon Island Strategic Road Development Network (LISR), series of 2001.

In provincial trips, the highest generators for passenger trips are

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Cavite, Laguna and Batangas. Commodity trips are the Laguna section of the South Luzon Expressway highest in Batangas and Quezon with NCR as the main with more than 50,000 Annual Average Daily Traffic attractor. For inter-region trips, passenger movement (AADT) in various sections and more than 10,000 on is highest in Region IV-A, followed by Region III and national roads going to urban centers (Table 2.31). NCR. For intra-regional commodity trips, Region IV-A The 1999 traffic level was taken from actual counts is second to Region III. For commodity group trips, and compared with forecasts in the LISR Study. movements for manufacturing products are most prevalent in Region IV-A, Region III and NCR. Mineral Table 2.31 products including petrol have the most intra-region Road Sections with Estimated Annual trips in Region IV-A. EstimateAverageDaily Traffic (ADDT) >10,000) CALABARZON, 1999 Road Name AADT Vehicle registration in the region has South Luzon Expressway doubled from 296,512 in 1996 to 560,196 in 2002. Carmona-Sta. Rosa 68,355.00 This means an average annual growth rate of 9.57 Sta. Rosa-Cabuyao 56,111.00 percent. Registration in 2002 comprised of 409,752 Cabuyao-Calamba 51,000.00 private, 146,086 for hire and 4,358 government Sto . Tomas-Batangas Road 18,099.00 vehicles. With these figures, the increase in vehicles Mla . South Road (San Pedro- Calamba) 17,381.00 in the region as those the rest of the country, is Bacoor-Dasamari?as 19,443.00 seen to continue. Dasmari?as-Tagaytay 17,675.00 Calamba-Tagaytay 18,193.00 The region’s road systems, particularly the two- Sta. Rosa-Tagaytay 20,013.00 lane national roads, were designed for traffic volume Marikina-Infanta 21,040.00 below 10,000 veh/day. Congestion occurs when traffic Pasig-Binangonan 46,227.00 exceeded this volume. Traffic volume is highest in SOURCE: DPWH LISR Study

757575 4. Infrastructure Utilities

In general, the road requirement Table 2.32 Road Densities and Paved Road Ratio by Province depends on land area and population. One CALABARZON, 2000 of the indicators being used to assess road adequacy is the road density. The region’s Total Road Density Density Per Paved Road overall road network as of year 2000, Province Length Per 1000 Land Area Ratio (Km) Population (Km/Sq.Km.) measured 11, 510.78 kilometers comprising 2,288.74 kilometers of national road and Batangas 3,428.18 1.80 1.08 0.41 9,222.03 kilometers of local roads. This Cavite 1,658.13 0.80 1.29 0.56 translates into a road density of 0.71 km/ Laguna 1,696.56 0.86 0.97 0.66 sq. km. which is higher than the national Quezon 3,589.81 2.14 0.41 0.26 Rizal 1,138.10 0.67 0.87 0.57 average of 0.60 km/sq. km. The standard CALABARZON 11,510.78 1.23 0.71 0.44 road density in relation to land area is 1 Region III 15,245.23 1.90 0.83 - km/sq. km. Cavite and Batangas have road NCR 4,631.60 0.47 7.31 - densities above the standard, Laguna and 201,994.1 Rizal are slightly below the standard while Philippines 2 2.64 0.60 0.21 Quezon has the lowest at 0.26. In terms SOURCE of Basic Data: DPWH CO of the road density in relation to Table 2.33 population, Quezon fared well at 1.23 km/ Number of Length of Existing National Bridges 1000 population while Rizal has the lowest by Province road density at 0.67 km/1000 population. CALABARZON, 2002-2003 (Length/Span in Kilometers)

The region’s total road network 2002 2003 Area still needs much improvement and Number Span Number Span upgrading since only 44 percent are paved. CALABARZON 552 15.21 619 16.04 The paved road ratio shows the percentage of paved road and also Cavite 87 2.38 91 2.42 indicates how much of the road network Laguna 105 2.31 97 2.27 is to be improved. Laguna has the highest Batangas 143 3.66 142 3.88 paved road ratio at 0.66 while Quezon has Rizal 49 1.37 49 1.31 the lowest at 0.26. Road densities and paved road ratio are shown in Table 2.32. Quezon 168 5.28 240 6.16 SOURCE: DPWH as cited in the 2005 RSEP of NSCB On bridges, there are about 15,506 lineal meters of bridges along the national road in commercial ports are owned and operated by the the region as of year 2000. Of these, 93 percent are government to serve the needs of the general public. of permanent structure while the remaining 7 Fishing ports are either owned or operated by the percent are still temporary or bailey/timber bridges. government or private entities constructed primarily to serve the fishing industry. The private commercial 4.1.2 Ports ports, which are owned and operated by private entities, are constructed primarily to serve the needs There are 146 existing ports in the of the owner. Table 2.34 shows the distribution of CALABARZON Region. These consist of 52 fishing ports per province. Ports located in Batangas, Cavite, ports, 33 feeder ports, 37 private commercial ports Laguna and Quezon are seaports while ports located and 24 public commercial ports. Feeder and public in Rizal and Laguna are within Laguna de Bay.

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Major port activities are Table 2.34 Distribution of Ports by Province, Classification and Status derived from robust demand from CALABARZON, 1999 commodities, manufacturing and construction materials handling as Classification Status Commercial Non- well as developments in the Province Total Opera- Fishing Feeder Opera- tional agriculture sector. Private Public tional Batangas 48 10 3 28 7 47 1 Batangas Port in Batangas Cavite 2411046 City, which is considered as one of Laguna 10 10 0 0 0 7 3 the major ports of entry in the Rizal 36 8 26 02 36 0 Philippines, has consistently posted Quezon 46 20 4 6 16 40 6 the highest record in shipping, CALABARZON 373352146 24 12134 passenger and cargo movements. It SOURCE: NSCB has occupied the topmost position in the total cargo haul followed by the North Harbor in Manila. In passenger handling, it is listed as second to Manila’s North Harbor.

Figure 2.34 shows the Batangas Port Statistics for the past five years, from 1998-2002. During this period, shipcalls, cargo and passengers movements registered average annual growth rates of 3.23%, 5.94% and 10.97%, respectively. There were simultaneous increase in all port movements in year 2000 when Phase I of the Batangas Port Passenger boarding bridges (Batangas Port Phase I) Development Project was completed. The project aimed to increase capacity of the existing port and complement the Port of Manila.

In 2001, a decrease in all port movements was experienced but in 2002 passenger traffic went up to as much as 24 percent. The port was planned to be fully developed as an international container port. With the ongoing construction of the Phase II project, it is expected to further respond to the increasing demands both within the region and from neighboring regions. Bething facility in Batangas Port (Phase I)

Aside from Batangas Port, two other ports Port is being developed by PPA as sister port of are under the PPA port system namely the Siain Lubang Port in Occidental Mindoro. The new port Port in Quezon and Bauan Port in Batangas. Two link is envisioned to be part of the Strong Republic other ports are being developed as Roro terminal Nautical Highway (SRNH). The SRNH is a Ro-Ro port ports - the Lucena Port in Lucena City and link from Batangas Port towards Zamboanga in Calatagan Port in Calatagan, Batangas. Calatagan Mindanao and vice-versa.

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Table 2.35 4.1.3 Airports Inventory of Airport as of 30 June 2000 CALABARZON, 2000

The airport system in CALABARZON Airport Location Classification is not extensive due to the region’s 1. Alabat Quezon (Alabat) Feeder proximity to Metro Manila where the Ninoy 2. Jomalig Quezon (Polillo Island Feeder Aquino International Airport (NAIA) is 3. Lucena Quezon ( Lucena City) Feeder located. The region’s airport system caters 4. Manni W. Barradas Batangas (Tanauan) Private only to general aviation type of operation. 5. Pagbilao Grande Island Quezon (Pagbilao) Private General aviation is typically described as 6. Tordesillas (Balesin) Quezon (Polillo Island) Private all aviation other than scheduled 7. Calatagan-HAD Bigas Batangas (Calatagan) Private commercial flights and military aviation 8. Fernando Airbase Batangas (Lipa City) Military such as unscheduled commercial operations, corporate flight operations and private (formerly Clark) in Region III. aviation. 4.1.4. Railways As of 2000, there are only eight (8) existing and operational airports in the region as shown in The Philippine National Railways (PNR) has two Table 2.36. These are classified into four (4) private, operational lines that traverse Laguna and Quezon, three (3) feeder (public) airports and one (1) military namely, the long distance Passenger Service (Manila- airport. Majority of these airports are located in Legazpi) and the Commuter Service (Manila-Calamba Quezon with two (2) feeder airports (1 public, 1 City). The two train services utilize a common track, private) in Polillo Island, and one (1) feeder airport which has a total length of 480 kilometers. The each in Lucena, Alabat, and Pagbilao (private). non-operational or abandoned line is the Calamba Batangas has two (2) private airports located in City to Batangas route. The right-of-way (ROW) of Calatagan and Tanauan. both operational and non-operational lines have been proliferated by informal settlers. Aircaft and passenger movements in Jomalig Airport (Polillo) have declined since 1996 to 2000 For the past five years, the passenger traffic while its cargo traffic went down by 91 percent in of the long distance service has continually declined year 2000. Likewise, Lucena Airport has registered its highest passenger traffic in 1998 and went down to zero in year 2000. Only 6 aircraft movements were registered in 2000.

The Fernando Airbase in Lipa City is being proposed for conversion into a joint military-civil airport facility. The Manila International Airport Authority (MIAA) has considered it as one of the possible relocation sites for the NAIA general aviation operations along with other airports like Sangley in Cavite and Diosdado Macapagal International Airport Informal settlers (squatters_ proliferate in the ROW of PNR Lines

797979 4. Infrastructure Utilities

from 540,914 ridership in 1999 to 240,472 ridership to the poor condition of the existing railway facilities in 2003 as shown in Figure 2.45. On the other hand, such as the trains, tracks, rail bridges, stations, the ridership of the commuter service increased after communication facilities, signaling equipment among it was improved and modernized in 1995. However, it others. These facilities have deteriorated due to poor declined by more than a million between 2002 to maintenance. Hence, it has not been able to compete 2003. The decrease in ridership and low level of with the road-based transportation that runs along service of the PNR railway system can be attributed the Maharlika Highway parallel to the railway trucks.

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818181 4. Infrastructure Utilities

4.2 Communications FigureFigure 2.38 2.37 TeledensityTeledensity by by Province Province Until the early 1990’s, CALABARZON,2002 2002 the communication sub-sector was faced with slow growth CALABARZON 11.11 due to the low investments in CAVITE 14.38 the 1980s. To address this problem, the government LAGUNA 13.03 allowed the entry of more RIZAL 12.98 players through the liberalization/deregulation BATANGAS 10.43 policy ushering a more QUEZON 3.71 competitive environment in the industry. During the last 0.00 2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00 14.00 16.00 ten years, policies, programs and projects were successfully implemented in pursuit of public access to improved instituted, services correspondingly improved. communication facilities and services. The telephone density (teledensity) is the 4.2.1 Telecommunications number of telephone lines per 100 persons. The region’s teledensity (subscribed) in 2002 a. Telephone is 11.11(Figure 2.37). Of the five provinces in the region, Quezon and Batangas had the Telephone services in the region are lowest teledensity at 3.71 and 10.43, provided mainly by 17 private telephone respectively. In contrast, Cavite, Laguna and companies, with PLDT, DIGITEL and PT & T Rizal registered teledensities which are higher having the largest area coverage and to a than the regional mean. limited extent by the government thru the Telecommunications Office (TelOf). As reforms The number of installed lines increased. in the telecommunications sector were As of 1999, installed lines reached 961,571 to 1,035,524 in 2002 (see Table 2.36). The region’s subscribed by 4.53 percent. But again in Quezon, no new installed lines were recorded. Cavite, Laguna and Rizal have the highest percentage of municipalities with telephone service

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at 91 percent, 80 percent, and 71 percent, in the early 90s. This is due largely to increased respectively. subscriber base because of the popularity of short message service (more popularly known In Table 2.36, subscribed telephone lines as text messaging) system, particularly among (demand) fell short of installed telephone young cellular phone users. All provinces have lines (supply) both in 1999 and in 2002. Only access to CMTS, but not to all municipalities 41.36 percent and 45.89 percent of the in the region. installed lines in the region were subscribed in 1999 and 2002, respectively. One cause of under subscription may be the lack of affordability to telecommunication services, particularly among low- income households living in the rural areas. Also, in Figure 2.38, there was a marked decrease in telephone density from 13.36 to 11.11. b. Cellular Mobile Telephone Service (CMTS)

The cellular mobile telephone service has expanded at a rapid pace since the deregulation of the sector

838383 4. Infrastructure Utilities

4.2.2 Postal Table 2.38 Communication Postal Indicators CALABARZON, CY 2000 -2002 The postal and other Performance Indicators 2000 2001 2002 related services in the No. of Post Offices 166 167 167 region are being provided No. of Postal Stations 0 0 0 by private express and No. of Private Postal Stations 20 28 26 messengerial/courier No. of Mails Handled 47,406,201 49,901,265 52,527,648 services (i.e., JRS and LBC) Revenues Collected P 180,759,385.55 P 182,269,934.75 P 198,427,031.55 and the government thru Delivery Capability for Express the Philippine Postal Mails Corporation (Philpost). In (a) w/in locality in 24 hours 100% 97% 100% the case of Philpost, one (b) intra-regional in 48 hours 87% 90% 93% of its mandates is to serve (c ) inter- regional in 72 hours 85% 85% 90% the unserved or Delivery Capability for Priority underserved areas, and Mails usually these are the (a) w/in locality in 24 hours 100% 96% 100% remote areas, which are (b) intra-regional in 48 hours 85% 90% 93% not financially viable for (c ) inter- regional in 72 hours 85% 85% 88% SOURCE: PPC-IV private firms to cover.

Philpost Region IV serves all provinces in The preparation for the eventual privatization CALABARZON. It has at least one post office in each of Philpost is on going and feasibility study for its municipality. As of 2002, there are 167 post offices privatization is now being conducted. in 142 municipalities in the region. 4.3 Water Resource Management In rationalizing the postal system, non-viable postal stations and mailing centers, which had to 4.3.1 Irrigated Lands be closed, were replaced with Barangay Post Offices (BPOs). The establishment of BPOs was intensified, It has been assumed that increased food from 11 in 1993 to 237 in 1999. Accordingly, mails production will lead to higher levels of farmer’s handled had increased by 10.76 percent or 47.4 income, standards of living, and employment million pieces of mails in 2000 to 52.5 million pieces opportunities in the rural areas. For these reasons, of mails in 2002 (see Table 2.38). It is also evident food production relies heavily on the government’s that there is a big increase in revenues collected irrigation program. from P182M in 2001 to P198M in 2002. Irrigation development programs generated an The Philpost, in its effort to continue incremental irrigated area of about 16,200 hectares strengthening its mail delivery commitment and in from 1995 to 2002, increasing the total irrigated order to compete in an open market for the same area for the region from 48,832 hectares to about services has instituted measures supportive of 65,032 hectares. This represents 72 percent of the enhancing the quality of service. As a result, mail total potential irrigable area for the region of 90,032 delivery performance is within the acceptable hectares. A remarkable development was seen in international standards. the province of Rizal. Batangas had the least

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Figure 2.40 FigureTable 2.392.39 Irrigation Status by Province Irrigation Status by Province CALABARZON, 1996 and 2002 CALABARZON, 1996 and 2002

72.2 CALABARZON 50.0

51.9 Batangas 39.0

71.5 Rizal 34.2

72.7 Quezon 50.5

Laguna 80.5 53.0

Cavite 81.3 56.4

0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 80.0 90.0

SOURCE: NIA 1996 2002

development under this category (see Figure 2.39). expansion of irrigation facilities for both existing To sustain the irrigation program, policies on and potential areas used for the production of palay, irrigation cost recovery have been implemented. The corn and other high value crops in Quezon and operation and maintenance costs of National lakeshore municipalities of Laguna de Bay can Irrigation Systems (NIS) are recovered through the therefore be focused and prioritized in these areas. collection of Irrigation Service Fees (ISF) from the Quezon province has considerable areas for farmer-beneficiaries. There are direct construction agricultural expansion because of its relatively large costs of Communal Irrigation Systems (CIS), which remaining NPAAAD. Relatedly, land conversion are amortized by the farmer-beneficiaries on terms activities need to be regulated closely and strictly agreed upon by them and NIA. Administrative Order in these areas including those in the Laguna No. 17 of the NIA prescribes new, socialized ISF rates lakeshore towns. This would mean current and for NIS and sets a minimum CIS amortization existing agricultural lands devoted especially for rice payment. Under the AO, ISF billing is computed using and corn should be strictly maintained through specified rates based on lot areas, with higher ISF judicious implementation of relevant national and payables for larger farms than the small farms. local land use laws and policies such as Comprehensive Land Use Plans (CLUPs) and relevant The Laguna de Bay Masterplan identifies the land conversion laws. Laguna de Bay Lake as a source of irrigation water. The lake is considered capable of irrigating farmlands Data on palay yield show a direct relationship in 28 lakeshore municipalities around the lake, of production and irrigated area harvested. The including some areas in adjacent Quezon and Cavite palay yield of irrigated area harvested is twice as provinces. The potential area of farmlands especially much that of rainfed. The average production for riceland that can be irrigated year round using lake irrigated area harvested is 4 metric tons per hectare water is estimated at 102,456 hectares. The compared with rainfed which recorded 2 metric

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Table 2.39 Palay Area Harvested, Production and Yield by Farm Type CALABARZON, 1997 – 2002 (Production in Metric Tons; Area harvested in Hectares) Region / Province 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Farm Type Area Harvested 133,559 123,434 144,124 127,807 128,731 124,368 Irrigated 85,265 85,114 97,677 93,469 88,375 84,057 Rainfed 48,294 38,320 46,447 34,338 40,356 40,311

Production 378,471 319,550 427,915 376,439 396,000 377,513 Irrigated 300,823 267,541 351,026 326,680 325,265 300,534 Rainfed 77,648 52,009 76,889 49,759 70,735 76,979

Yield* Irrigated 4 3 4 3 4 4 Rainfed 2 1 2 1 2 2 SOURCE: Bureau of Agricultural Statistics * Computed – total production divided by area harvested; unit is metric ton per hectare

tons per hectare. Data also show that the total Cavite City, GMA, Noveleta and Rosario exceeding area harvested for palay followed a declining their carrying capacity 2-4 times. pattern with an average decline of 4.8 percent from 1997 to 2002. In Laguna, Sta. Rosa and San Pedro have exceeded their sustainable water carrying 4.3.2 Potable Water Supply capacities. In 2005, Biòan will be utilizing groundwater beyond its sustainable water carrying Data from the Master Plan Study on Water capacity. Calamba will be joining these towns by Resources Management done by Japan International 2015, while Cabuyao in 2025. Cooperation Agency (JICA) showed that the whole of Region IV (includes 4A and 4B) has twice potential In the CALA Study are which includes 35 water resources as compared to the water demand municipalities/cities of Cavite and Laguna, an in 2025 during high economic growth scenario. With estimate of non-domestic requirement (commercial, the separation of the two regions, studies focused industrial, irrigation, etc) is now beyond 40 percent on some parts of CALABARZON indicate that the of the total groundwater utilized. This rate will region would face serious problems on supply of further increase with the increase in potable water if measures are not put in place. The industrialization, land conversion and depletion of Cavite-Laguna Urban Development and Environment forest reserves. Management (CALA-UDEM) Study noted that the densely populated towns in Bacoor, Cavite City, Golf courses have now emerged in the region Dasmariòas, GMA, Kawit, Noveleta, and Rosario are as one major users of water. A typical golf course in new beyond their carrying capacities. By 2005, the Philippines was estimated to consume 600,000 Cavite and the two municipalities of GMA and Rosario gallons per day or equivalent to water requirement will be exceeding their sustainable water carrying of 12,000 to 15,000 people a day . If water for the capacity by two to three times. In 2015, Imus will golf course will be extracted from the same source be joining these municipalities, and 2025 Carmona as that of servicing a town, the golf course water and Naic will be among these municipalities with requirement will match the requirements for 3-5 barangays. 868686 Regionial Physical Framework Plan Volume 2

household. 4.3.3 Water Supply (Household Level) Specifically, only 82.2 percent of the households in the region as of 2000 are able to avail Data from the Census of Population and Housing (CPH) of the NSO in 2000 approximates more i Table 2.40 Water Supply Coverage Targets by Province or less the targets indicated in the Provincial Water CALABARZON, 2000 Supply Sewerage and Sanitation Sector Plans as % POPULATION shown in Table 2.40. Province Urban Rural Total Batangas 80 75 77 The CPH data show that Batangas, Cavite and Cavite 82 95 89 Laguna surpassed the targets set from 2000 while Laguna 80 85 83 the provinces of Quezon and Rizal were not able to Quezon 85 76 80 meet the targets. Note, however that the unit of Rizal 82 85 83 measure used in the Water and Sewerage Sector Source: Provincial Water Supply Sewerage and Plans is in terms of population whole the CPH used Sanitation Sector Plans

Table 2.41 Households by Main Source of Water Supply for Drinking and/ or Cooking CALABARZON, 1990 & 2000 (Figures are estimated based on a 10% sample) Own Use, Shared Own Use, Shared, Tubed/ Bottled Dug Well Estimated % of Faucet, Faucet TuTube/Pipebe/Pipe Tube/Pipe Piped Water HH w/ Potable Community Community Deep Deep Shallow Water Province Water Water Well Well Well System System (8) = (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) 1+2+3+4+6 199019901990199019901990199019901990199019901990 CALABARZON 29.9 22.7 9.7 17.3 5 NDA 15.5 79.6 Batangas 30.3 20.4 11.5 21 6.6 NDA 10.3 83.2 Cavite 34.8 29.7 9.6 16.2 4.1 NDA 5.6 90.3 Laguna 37.3 21.4 11.6 19.1 4.4 NDA 6.3 89.4 Quezon 16.9 18.5 5.8 11.8 6.5 NDA 40.5 53.0 Rizal 31.1 25.5 10 18.4 2.3 NDA 12.7 85.0 2000 CALABARZON 38.7 17.9 10 15.1 5.2 0.5 12.7 82.2 Batangas 47.1 15.8 9.9 13 6.9 0 7.3 85.8 Cavite 46.3 20 11.1 14.2 3.2 0.6 4.5 92.2 Laguna 44.3 15.5 12.2 17.7 4.7 0.3 5.3 90.0 Quezon 18.6 20 7.8 14.1 9.2 0.1 30.1 60.6 Rizal 30.9 18.5 8 16.2 3 1.3 22.1 74.9 Percentage Points Difference CALABARZON 8.8 -4.8 0.3 -2.2 0.2 -2.8 2.6 Batangas 16.8 -4.6 -1.6 -7.9 0.3 -3 2.6 Cavite 11.5 -9.7 1.5 -2 -0.8 -1.1 1.9 Laguna 7.1 -5.9 0.6 -1.4 0.3 -1 0.6 Quezon 1.7 1.5 2 2.3 2.7 -10.4 7.6 Rizal -0.2 -7 -2 -2.3 0.6 9.4 -10.1 SOURCE: NSO - Census of Population and Housing Note: Others include dug well, spring, lake, river, rain, peddler, etc.

878787 4. Infrastructure Utilities

of potable water. The improvement from the 1990 includes water contamination,. Obsolete water data was only 2.6 percentage points. By province , supply facilities, salt and lake water intrusion, Cavite and Laguna recorded the highest with 92 and among other. Table 2.42 summarizes some of the 90 percent, respectively, while Rizal and Quezon the water issues/problems raised by LGUs of the CALA lowest with 75 and 61 percent, respectively (Table area. These problems of LGUs covered in study are 2.43). The following are included in the definition believed to reflect the issues and concerns of other of potable water source: (a) Own use, faucet, LGUs in the region: community water system; (b) Shared faucet, Community Water Supply; (c) Own use, tubed/piped, 4.3.5 Flood Control And Drainage deep well; and (d) Bottled water. The need to address the problem on access cannot be overemphasized. The Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH) is responsible for planning and The high percentage of households with implementation of the flood control and drainage potable water in the provinces of Cavite and Laguna projects in the country. Most of the projects may be attributed to the presence of subdivisions implemented by the DPWH are small-scale flood that usually supply their clients with potable water control projects but these tend to be more generated from deep well. While the subdivisions appropriate for the flood prone areas in the region. are provided with potable water, concerns are raised . on the uncontrolled ground water extraction which 4.4 Power/Electrification might bring about environment problems such as salt water intrusion. 4.4.1 Power Generation

4.3.4 Summary of Issues/Concerns on Water The strategic location of CALABARZON prov- inces and their potential for power generation have Other water issues cited in the CALA report been fully utilized by the power sector in the man-

Table 2.42 Summary of Water Issues/Problems of CALA Covered LGUs

ISSUES /PROBLEMS SAMPLE LGUs MANIFESTING IDENTIFIED PROBLEM 1 No coordination and clear measures for conservation Silang, Amadeo, Indang, Mendez, Alfonso, Gen. Emilio and preservation watersheds Aguinaldo, Magallanes and Tagaytay City 2 Urbanization invites over pumping Tanza, Naic, Gen.Trias, Trece Martirez, Dasmariňas, GMA 3 Saltwater intrusion Kawit, Imus, Cavite City, Noveleta, Rosario, Bacoor and Tanza 4 Excessive drawdown and depletion of water source Carmona, Silang, Dasmariňas, GMA 5 Obsolete/dilapidated water distribution system Rosario, NoveletaNoveleta, Bacoor, Kawit, Imus, Cavite City, Cavinti, Luisiana, Magdalena Majayjay 6 Inability to expand water service, regular disinfection Nagcarlan, Rizal (Laguna) and Liliw 7 Need to tap new water source San Pablo City, Alaminos 8 Lakewater intrusion/contamination Los Baňos, Calamba, Cabuyao and Santa Rosa 9 Organizational and jurisdictional conflict on the source Calamba, Sta. Rosa and Cabuyao 10 Uncontolled extraction ALL CALA study areas 11 Contamination/Pollution from industrial areas Urban areas of CALA 12 Social concept on water tariff Rural areas of CALA

888888 Regionial Physical Framework Plan Volume 2

Table 2.43 Flood Prone Areas in CALABARZON

Batangas Nasugbu Batangas City Lemery Talisay Balayan Laurel Cavite Cavite City Noveleta Rosario Naic Bacoor Kawit Sta Maria Pagsanjan Los Baños Paete Liliw Famy Laguna Victoria Calamba Pakit Siniloan Pila Bay Sta Rosa Mabitac Pangil Lumban Sta Cruz Kalayaan San Francisco P. Burgos Quezon Tagcawayan Lopez Macalelon Candelaria San Narciso Calauan Buenavista Unisan Infanta Gen. Nakar Pagbilao Quezon Mauban Alabat Perez Sampaloc Plaridel Atimonan Tiaong Sariaya Lucena City Mauban Real Pitogo Agdiangan Tayabas San Andres Mulanay Catanauan Gumaca Rizal Cainta Tanay San Mateo Rodriguez ner that it feeds to the Luzon Grid system. Major power plants have been located in the CALABARZON area for 20 years or even earlier. It was also the prime location for power plants built mostly through private sector initiative in re- sponse to the power crisis that the country faced in 1992 and 1993. It was then that the private sector was vigorously invited to invest and par- ticipate in power generation to accelerate ca- pacity augmentation.

In 2002, CALABARZON is generating a total of 6,853,684 MW representing a little more than 50 percent power supply of the Luzon Grid (Fig- ure 2.40). Fifty percent of generated power in the region is from Batangas (Figure 2.41). The other 50 percent is accounted for by Laguna (22 %), Quezon (18 %), Rizal (9 %) and Cavite (1 %). The Magellan Cogen which is located in Rosario is the only Power in Cavite Province.

Of the total power generated in CALABARZON, 1,804 MW is a coal produced power, 1,103.5 MW from hydropower, 425.73 MW from geothermal, 820,454 MW from oil, and 2,700 MW from Natural gas (Table 2.44 Hydro and geother- mal power plants are located in Laguna. Batangas Batangas while oil-fed power plants are in Quezon hosts natural gas power plants which serve as base and Rizal. load power plants of Malampaya gas in Palawan. The coal and oil power plants are located near Coal –fired power plants are in Quezon and the shores thereby having safe access by sea

898989 4. Infrastructure Utilities

2.42

909090 Regionial Physical Framework Plan Volume 2 transportation. At the same time, CALABARZON 4.4.2 Energization of Municipalities and Cities continued to reap the benefits from indigenous by Service Provider natural gas. The natural gas industry represents 40 percent of the power generation mix in the region. In electrification, as of year 2000, the Natural gas is also developed not only for power municipalities/cities of the region are now fully generation purposes but also for non-power like fuel energized with the energization rate at 100 percent for the transportation sector. being serviced by electric cooperatives, Meralco, municipal system and other system provider. The The presence of power plants has been electric cooperatives through the National beneficial to the host municipalities and the city of Electrification Administration (NEA) covers 57 Batangas in terms of providing employment to the municipalities/cities in the region for the province populace and also increasing incomes of said of Laguna, Batangas, and Quezon. The MERALCO municipalities and city. Data indicate that the host covers 70 municipalities/cities in the region. The municipalities have usually higher proportion of municipal system covers 1 municipality in the province incomes derived from tax revenues. of Batangas and the other system covers only 1 municipality in Batangas (Table 2.45). Table 2.44 Power Plant by Location, Type and Capacity CALABARZON, 2004 4.4.3 Energization of Barangays Name of Power Plant Location Type Capacity (MW) Per data from NEA and the 1. Jomalig DPP Joalig, Quezon Oil 0.30 Provincial Planning and Development 2. Magellan Cogen Rosario, Cavite - do - 63 3. Malaya/Kepco 1 & 2 Pililla, Rizal - do - 650 Offices, only 69 out of the total 4,009 4. Patnanungan DPP Patnanungan, - do - 0.326 barangays in the region were not Quezon energized. This put the region’s status 5. PinamuklanDiesel –Enron Batangas City, - do - 105 of barangay electrification in 2003 at Batangas 98.20 percent. In terms of customer 6. Polillo DPP Polillo, Quezon - do - 1.748 7. Ilijan 1 to 6 - do - Natural Gas 1,200 connections only 410,185 out if the 8. San Lorenzo - do - - do - 500 504,000 potential connections or 81.4 9. Santa Rita - do - - do - 1,000 percent customers were connected. 10. Botocan1 to 3 Kalayaan, Laguna Hydro 23 11. Botocanhe - do - - do - 17 Of the 69 barangays not yet 12. Caliraya Lumban, Laguna - do - 32 energized in CALABARZON, 34 are in the 13. Caliraya 1 & 2 - do - - do - 23.5 14. Kalayaan Kalayaan, Laguna 300 province of Laguna, 17 in Quezon, 11 in 15. Kalayaan1 to 4 - do - - do - 708 Rizal and seven in Batangas. In Cavite, 16. MakbanUnit 1 and 2 Calauan, Laguna Geothermal 110 all of the barangays are energized. Non- 17. MakbanUnit 3 and 4 - do - - do - 110 energization is due to lack of funds, 18. MakbanUnit 5 and 6 - do - - do - 110 accessibility, and right-of-way 19. MakbanUnit 7 and 8 - do - - do - 40 acquisition problems. Most of these 20. MakbanUnit 9 and 10 - do - - do - 40 21. MB Ormat 1 to 6 Bay, Laguna - do - 15.73 barangays are on mountainous areas. In 22. Calaca I Calaca, Batangas Coal 300 terms of potential power connections, 23. Calaca II - do - - do - 300 there are still about 19 percent of the 24. Pagbilao Coal- Fired 1 & 2 Pagbilao, Quezon - do - 764 total potential connections yet to be 25. Quezon PP Mauban, Quezon - do - 440 served.

919191 4. Infrastructure Utilities

4.4.4 Households Using Electricity for Lighting and Cooking

At the household level, the Census of Population and Housing data show a declining percentage of households using electricity, i e. from 98.6 percent in 1990 to 86.5 percent in 2000. All the provinces experience decline with Quezon posting the highest decrease. The percentage of households using electricity for cooking, however, increased by almost ine half. By province, Cavite and Laguna lead the other provinces in terms of the highest percentage of households with electricity while Quezon lags behind (Table 2.46)

929292 Regionial Physical Framework Plan Volume 2

4.5 Social Infrastructure increase while there was no additional school in Lucena City. 4.5.1 Health Facilities The secondary level showed sharp increase at On health facilities, as of 2000 the region has 29.6 percent. By division Rizal registered the highest a total of 226 hospitals, 64 of which are government increase at 125 percent followed by Quezon and and 162 are private hospitals. These hospitals have Cavite with 53 and 24 percent, respectively. One a total bed capacity of 7,509, yielding a ratio of 1 secondary school closed in Cavite City while there bed per 1,317 population. Other health facilities were no additional high schools in Lipa City and available are Barangay Health Stations (1,844) and Lucena City. Regional Health Units (203) giving ratios of 1 per 5,363 population and 1 per 48,720 population, The modest increase in the number of schools respectively. at the elementary level and notable increase at the secondary level was not sufficient to cater to the Figure 2.43 shows that tertiary hospitals are rapid increase in school-age population as shown by mostly located in the catchment areas because of large classroom sizes and high class-classroom ratios economies of scale thus depriving the 4th to 6th class at both levels especially in the catchment areas. municipalities. Given this, there is a need to strengthen the referral system and upgrading the Data from SY 1994-1995 to SY 2000-2001 show capacities of district hospitals on the provision of that the regional average of class to classroom ratio higher levels of health services. was more than one indicating that there were more classes that the elementary classroom available. The 4.5.2 Basic Education Facilities and Manpower cities have generally higher class-classroom ratios compared to the provinces (Table 2.47). The increase in population have also resulted to the construction of more classrooms and school The need for more classrooms is more building to accommodate incoming pupils for pronounced at the secondary level given the large elementary and Table 2.47 Number of Schools in Elementary and Secondary Level secondary level. Table CALABARZON, SY 1996-1997, SY 2001-2002 17 shows the comparison of the SY 1996 – 1997 SY 2001 – 2002 % Change number of schools in Division Elem. Secondary Elem. Secondary Elem. Sec. Including Including Including Including elementary and Annexes Annexes Annexes Annexes secondary level from Batangas 614 79 626 93 1.95 17.72 SY 1996 –1997 to SY Cavite 325 49 334 61 2.77 24.49 2000 – 2001. Within Laguna 338 66 349 69 3.25 4.55 the span of five years Quezon 783 88 792 134 1.15 52.27 there were only 59 Rizal 208 20 221 45 6.25 125.00 schools added for the Batangas City 80 13 81 14 1.25 7.69 elementary level or a Cavite City 12 2 13 1 8.33 -50.00 percentage increase of Lucena City 39 2 39 2 0.00 0.00 2.3 percent. Among San Pablo City 63 7 65 8 3.17 14.29 the divisions, Rizal CALABARZON 2,527 341 2,586 442 2.33 29.62 posted the highest SOURCE: DepEd IV-A

939393 4. Infrastructure Utilities

DISTRIBUTON OF TERTIARY HOSPITALS CALABARZON Region

2.43

949494 Regionial Physical Framework Plan Volume 2 volume of secondary school entrants. Table 2.48 Elementary Class – Classroom Ratio by Division From a low 1:1.13 in 1996, this CALABARZON, SY 1994-1995 to 1999-2000 increased to 1:1.30 in 2000. Among the areas with more classes than the Divisions 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 number of classrooms are Rizal Batangas 1.02 1.02 0.99 1.05 1.05 1 0.9 province, Cavite City and Lucena City Cavite 1.06 1.08 1.1 1.13 1.26 1.11.1 (Table 2.48). Laguna 1.05 1.08 1.05 1.09 1.1 1.2 1 Quezon 1.04 1.04 1.04 1.06 1.08 11 Rizal 1.27 1.28 1.33 1.32 1.5 1 While large class sizes are Batangas City 1.01 1.05 0.99 1.06 1.06 1.1 1 commonly experienced in cities and Cavite City 1.14 1.6 1.79 1.82 1.83 1.9 1.5 highly urbanized municipalities, a total Lipa City 1.05 1.04 1 1.08 1.07 1.1 1 of 155 far-flung barangays are not Lucena City 1.08 1.17 1.08 1.09 1.1 1.1 1 served by a public elementary school San Pablo City 1 0.94 0.98 1.04 1.04 11 (Table 2.49). Of the total elementary CALABARZON 0.945 1.13 1.13 1.18 1.19 1.2 1.05 ‘school-less’ barangays, a total of 63 or SOURCE: DepEd IV-A 41 percent is prioritized for SY 20042005 and of these 26 have ready school sites. Table 2.49 Among the divisions, Batangas province Secondary Class – Classroom Ratio by Division CALABARZON, SY 1996-1997 to 1999-2000 have the most number of barangays not (In Percent) served by an elementary school (23 %) Divisions 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 followed by, Quezon (19 %), Cavite (15 Batangas 0.99 1.15 1.05 1.1 1.1 %) and Rizal (12 %). The main reason for Cavite 1.1 1.16 1.26 1.4 1.2 the non-establishment of schools in far- Laguna 1.05 1.3 1.1 1.4 1.2 flung brangays is usually the small Quezon 1.04 1.05 1.08 1.3 1.1 population in these areas hence Rizal 1.28 1.7 1.32 1.8 1.7 establishing schools may not be cost Batangas City 0.99 1.31 1.06 1.4 1.3 efficient and thereby least prioritized. Cavite City 1.79 1.5 1.83 2 1.5 Lipa City 1 1.31 1.07 1.2 1.1 Usually, the requirement for the Lucena City 1.08 1.2 1.1 2 1.7 establishment of a school in terms of the San Pablo City 0.98 1.52 1.04 1.2 1.1 number of school-age children is not met CALABARZON 1.13 1.32 1.191 1.48 1.3 in far-flung areas. The problem on establishing schools is now compounded with the Education (DepEd) and the Local Government Units unavailability of school sites. (LGUs) have increased the number of plantilla positions for teachers in elementary and secondary For the secondary level, only one but is still not enough to meet the growing municipality in Laguna does not have a public enrollment. Data in SY 2001-2002 for example show secondary school. It shall be noted, however, that that there were 33,359 nationally and locally funded private secondary schools are partly subsidized by teachers in public elementary schools, and 12,823 the government through the Government Assistance in public secondary schools. For the next school year, to Private Education (GASTPE). The GASTPE is in SY 2002-2003, the DepEd projected that a total of compliance to the Free Secondary Education Act. 3,350 public elementary school teachers are needed in the region. Among the school districts, Cavite Given the increase in gross enrolment by Province had registered the highest number of level for the past five years, the Department of teachers needed in elementary at 1,392, followed

959595 4. Infrastructure Utilities 2.44

969696 Regionial Physical Framework Plan Volume 2 by Laguna with 827. Cavite City is the only district student learning is the teacher hence there is a need which did not require any needed teacher for not only to meet the desired number but also to elementary (Table 2.50). The increasing participation improve their effectiveness. A comprehensive of the LGUs especially the cities and municipalities training program for teachers should be put in place in the delivery of basic education particularly on to address this concern. Other contributory factors hiring of teachers and not only on building that will enhance the learning process are the construction and improvement is notable. Rizal and availability of books and other teaching devices. Cavite provinces had the most number of teachers Many schools in the region still lack the desired funded by their city/municipal governments. Also textbook-pupil ratio. noted is the significant contribution of the Parents, Teachers and Community Associations (PTCA) in the 4.5.3 Technical and Higher Education provision of primary education. Technical vocational and training (TVET) and For secondary level, CALABARZON as of SY 2002 higher education institutions in the region are – 2003 needed 2,304 teachers identifying the provided by both the private sector and the province of Laguna having the highest requirement government. Figure 2.44 shows that proper location at 505. Batangas City had the least number of needed of these important facilities needs to be enhanced secondary teachers at 7. On the source of funding, to ensure maximum utilities of these facilities. Batangas has the most number of teachers funded by the LGU while there are no reports on LGU funded- 4.5.4 Housing teachers for Laguna and the cities of Cavite, Lipa and San Pablo. The adequacy of housing may be gauged through the housing backlog which is the number of The most important factor that affects dwelling units needed at the beginning of the planning period due to doubled-up Table 2.50 households, displaced units, and Number of Barangays Without Public Elementary Schools (ES) homeless households. Double-up And Municipalities without Public High Schools (HS) CALABARZON Region, SY 2004 households are the ratio of household to occupied housing units given the Priority No. of Brgys. No. of Brgys. Brgys. for With ready norm of one housing unit to one Divisions not served not Served Establish- School Site household. For CALABARZON, data by an ES by HS ment of ES since 1960 reveal that doubled-up Batangas 72 36 6 0 households do not show a consistent Cavite 24 11 7 0 pattern suggesting that the Laguna 7 2 2 1 construction of new housing units is Quezon 30 7 7 0 tied with socio-economic conditions. Rizal 19 4 1 0 Recent data for the region show that Batangas City 0 1 1 0 households to occupied housing units Cavite City 1 1 1 0 ratio slightly improved from 103 Lipa City 0 0 0 0 households per 100 housing units in Lucena City 2 1 1 0 1990 to 102 in 2000. This means that San Pablo City 0 0 0 0 for every 100 units occupied, only CALABARZON 155 63 26 1 two households are sharing one unit Source: DepEd IV-A with another household. The

979797 4. Infrastructure Utilities

preliminary data gathered by the DSWD showed an Table 2.51 Households to Occupied Housing Units increasing incidence particularly in highly urbanized CALABARZON, 1960-2000 areas. Other indicators on the housing structures 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 and presence of important utilities showed that Batangas 1.12 1.02 1.01 1.02 1.02 housing in the region also needs special attention. Cavite 1.17 1.01 1.00 1.02 1.02 Laguna 1.16 1.03 1.00 1.04 1.02 4.5.5 Social Welfare Institutions Quezon 1.13 1.11 1.01 1.02 1.01 Rizal 1.24 1.30 1.01 1.04 1.03 The promotion of Social Welfare not only REGION IV 1.12 1.07 1.01 1.03 1.02 SOURCE of Basic Data: Census of Population and Housing entails providing programs and services to specific clients such as women and children, but also includes improvement was mainly accounted for by the provision of available facilities that will help municipalities located outside the catchment areas clientele cope with their existing negative condition, especially in Quezon province. The trend in Quezon among others, on protection, and child care. validates the de-urbanization pattern in the province. The catchment areas had higher Most of these facilities are either operated by prevalence of doubled-up household in 2000 although the Department of Social Welfare and Development the average for the two areas in 1990 was the same. (DSWD), or Non-Government Organizations (NGOs). Rizal province had the highest prevalence of doubled- On the other hand, Local Government Units (LGUs) up households (Table 2.52). are also encouraged to establish such facilities since they are mandated to provide social welfare services The average number of persons per housing to constituents under the Local Government Code. unit decreased from 5.4 in 1990

to 4.9 in 2000. This reflects the Table 2.52 slight decline in family sizes. Household Population to Occupied Housing Units by Type of Building While household to housing unit and City/Municipality CALABARZON, 1990 & 2000 ratio is higher in catchment areas, the opposite was 1990 2000 HH HH observed in the non-catchment HHs to HHs to Area Population Population areas. This indicates larger Occupied Occupied To Occupied to Occupied HUs HUs family sizes in rural compared HUs HUs to urban areas. Batangas CALABARZON 1.03 5.35 1.02 4.94 province has the most number 1. CATCHMENT AREAS 1.03 5.36 1.04 4.91 of persons per housing units * Metro Batangas 1.03 5.47 1.02 5.07 while Rizal has the least. * Metro Lipa 1.02 5.73 1.01 5.29 Together with Quezon, Batangas * Northern Cavite Cluster 1.02 5.27 1.03 4.91 has the lowest percentage of * Central Cavite Cluster 1.03 5.31 1.02 4.78 population living in urban areas * Tagaytay-Silang Cluster 1.01 5.44 1.02 5.00 while Rizal is almost 100 percent * Western Laguna Cluster 1.04 5.32 1.02 4.77 * San Pablo City-Metro urban. 1.03 5.24 1.22 4.89 Lucena * Northern Rizal Cluster 1.04 5.36 1.03 4.89 There are no exact 2. OTHER AREAS 1.03 5.34 0.98 5.01 figures on the level of homelessness in the region but SOURCE: NSO - CPH

989898 Environmental Management 5

As emphasized in the NFPP, the quality of the deterioration due to pollution, sedimentation and environment is a direct reflection of the people’s coastal erosion. Most of these areas are considered quality of life. The environment, however, has been critical and requires protection. The causes and steadily deteriorating as a result of the pressures extent of the deterioration of each water bodies from increasing population and corresponding life are substantially expounded in the proceeding support requirements. sections under protected areas.

5.1 Air Quality 5.3 Forest and Upland Ecosystem

In general, air pollution appears not to be a 5.3.1 Forest Land problem in the Region except in few cases involving industries, in areas where there is heavy vehicular Forest is defined as both natural forests and traffic and in areas where there are open dumpsites. forest plantations, excluding stands of trees Inefficient garbage collection and disposal are the established primarily for agricultural production, major causes of air pollution. such as fruit and tree plantations. Based on 2004 Philippine Forestry Statistics, CALABARZON Region 5.2 Water Ecosystem has a total land area of 1,622,861 hectares, of which 35.4 percent is considered as forestland while 64.6 Most of the Region’s coastal as well as marine percent is certified as alienable and disposable lands. ecosystem are presently under the state of The region’s percentage forestland in relation to its

Table 2.53 total land area is lower than that Land Area Classification by Province of the country of 49.2 percent. CALABARZON, 2004

TOTAL Certified % Share of The region is at the bottom LAND Alienable & Forest % Forestland Province five among the lowest proportion AREA Disposable Land (Has.) Forestland to IV-A's of forestland vis-à-vis total land (Has.) (Has.) total area among the 17 regions of the BATANGAS 316,581 267,760 48,821 15.42 8.50 country. The region’s total CAVITE 128,755 107,733 21,022 16.33 3.66 forestland comprises only 3.8 LAGUNA 175,973 134,720 41,253 23.44 7.18 percent of the total forestland of QUEZON 870,660 474,439 396,221 45.51 68.99 the country. RIZAL 130,892 63,889 67,003 51.19 11.67 CALABARZON 1,622,861 1,048,541 574,320 35.39 100.00 Quezon province tops the Philippines* 30,000,000 14,145,078 14,765,804 49.22 region’s total land and forestland SOURCE: NAMRIA (Note: *CY 2003) area at 54 and 69 percent,

999999 5. Environmental Management

Table 2.54 Change in Certified Alienable and Disposable and Forest Lands CALABARZON, 1990 and 2004

Certified Alienable & Disposable (in TOTAL Forest Land (in Hectares) Provinces Hectares) LAND AREA 1990 2004 Difference 1990 2004 Difference (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) = (3)-(4) (6) (7) (8)=(6)-(7) BATANGAS 316,581 265,419 267,760 -2,341 51,162 48,821 2,341 CAVITE 128,755 100,550 107,733 -7,183 28,205 21,022 7,183 LAGUNA 175,973 134,720 134,720 0 41,253 41,253 0 QUEZON 870,660 472,361 474,439 -2,078 398,299 396,221 2,078 RIZAL 130,892 63,889 63,889 0 67,003 67,003 0 CALABARZON 1,622,861 1,036,939 1,048,541 -11,602 585,922 574,320 11,602 SOURCE of Basic Data: NAMRIA as cited in the DENR Website

Figure 2.45 Distribution of Forests by Province CALABARZON, 1995-2002

Rizal (11.7 %)

Cavite (3.7 %)

Quezon (69 %) Laguna (7.2 %)

Batangas (8.5 %) Total Forest = 1,622,861 has.

Source: DENR 4A

100100100 Regionial Physical Framework Plan Volume 2 respectively. Cavite gets the least share of the 5.3.2 Forest Cover region’s total forestland with percentage share of 3.7 percent. Cavite has the smallest total land area Based on 2004 Philippine Forestry Statistics, comprising only 7.9 percent of the total. CALABARZON Region has a total forest cover estimate (by canopy density) of 289,673 hectares. By province, more than half of Rizal’s land This represents 17.8 percent of the total land area area or 51.2 percent are classified as forest, the of 1,622,861 hectares and 50.5 percent of the total highest proportion in the region. On the other hand, 574, 320 classified as forestlands of the region. The Batangas, second biggest in total land area, has the forest cover of the region (as percentage of total least proportion of forestland or 15.4 percent. land area) of 17.8 percent is lower than the country’s 23.9 percent. In terms of forest cover as percentage The data from NAMRIA indicate that between of the total forestland, however, the region showed 1990 and 2004, some 11,602 hectares had been better performance with 50.4 percent forest cover added to the forestland (Table 2.54). This is in compared with the national of 48.6 percent. contrast to observations and actual land use which show that even areas with steep slopes, which are By province, Quezon has the highest proportion presumably classified as forest, are being inhabited. of forest cover both as proportion of its total land area and its total forestland at 26.6 and 58.4 Of the A & D lands in 1990 reclassified as forest percent, respectively. Quezon gets 79.8 percent of in 2004, Cavite has the biggest with 62 percent the total forest cover of the region. Rizal ranks followed by Batangas and Quezon with 20 and 18 second in terms of forest cover percentage as its percent, respectively. The figures for forestland and total land area with 17. 3 percent but only third in A & D for the provinces of Laguna and Rizal remained forest cover in proportion to its total forestland. the same over the past 14 years. Batangas performed poorly in forest cover.

Table 2.55 Percentage Forest Cover by Province CALABARZON, 2004

% Forest % Forest Cover % share TOTAL LAND Cover Forest Land Forest Cover (from total (from region's Province AREA (from provincial total forest provincial total forestland) cover) (In Hectares) land area) BATANGAS 316,581 48,821 13,899 4.39 28.47 4.8 CAVITE 128,755 21,022 5,737 4.46 27.29 2.0 LAGUNA 175,973 41,253 16,205 9.21 39.28 5.6 QUEZON 870,660 396,221 231,190 26.55 58.35 79.8 RIZAL 130,892 67,003 22,642 17.30 33.79 7.8 CALABARZON 1,622,861 574,320 289,673 17.85 50.44 100.0 Philippines* 30,000,000 14,765,804 7,168,400 23.89 48.55 SOURCE of Basic Data: DENR-FMB; * CY 2003

101101101 5. Environmental Management

Data show that forest cover is not limited to within watersheds, CBFM, SIFMA, and other forestlands with at least 22.5 percent of the total reforestation initiatives, the CALABARZON Region forest cover of the region is within A & D lands. was able to reforest a total of 99,928 ha of Among the provinces, Batangas has the highest forestland or 6% of the total land area proportion of forest cover within A & D, a stark notwithstanding the meager budget allotted for contrast to the proportion of its forest cover within this activity. forestlands which is only 17 percent. Laguna also has a high proportion of forest cover within A & D at 5.4 Biodiversity 49.8 percent. Of the total land area of the Region, 36.4% is The distribution of forest cover is highly being protected and managed under the provisions skewed for Rizal, Quezon and Cavite with 93, 82 of the Integrated Protected Area System. and 72 percent, respectively, of their forest cover Preservation of biological biodiversity and genetic located within forestlands. resources, protection and conservation of wildlife sanctuaries as well as developing means for Quezon accounted for the bulk of forest cover ecotourism purposes are among the activities being in forestlands at 84 percent while Batangas undertaken to protect the Region’ s biodiversity. accounted for the least - one percent. In terms of percentage share of provinces to the total forest The Philippine Biodiversity Conservation cover within A & D lands, Quezon has the lion share Priorities Project has identified 14 NIPAS components at 65 percent. Cavite and Rizal shared the least with in CALABARZON that overlapped with conservation 2.5 percent each. priority areas. The priority levels range from high to extremely high urgent, which means that the 5.3.3 Reforestation Program variety of life including those endemic to these areas is threatened with extinction. As a result of vigorous reforestation program of the government and private sectors particularly on promoting the development of industrial forest plantations and management of natural forest areas

Table 2.56 Distribution of Forest Cover by Land Classification and Province CALABARZON, 1995-2002

Forest Cover Forest Cover % of forest cover from total Total % Share Within Forest Within A&D forestlands Province forestlands Land (in lands (in (hectares) Within Forest Within A&D Within Forest Within A&D hectares) hectares) Land Lands Land Lands BATANGAS 13,899 2,362 11,537 17.0 83.0 1.1 17.7 CAVITE 5,737 4,103 1,634 71.5 28.5 1.8 2.5 LAGUNA 16,205 8,141 8,064 50.2 49.8 3.6 12.4 QUEZON 231,190 188,997 42,193 81.7 18.3 84.1 64.9 RIZAL 22,642 21,024 1,618 92.9 7.1 9.4 2.5 CALABARZON 289,673 224,627 65,046 77.5 22.5 100.0 100.0 SOURCE: Department of Environment and Natural Resources

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103103103 5. Environmental Management

Table 2.60 NIPAS Components that Overlapped with Conservation Priority Areas in CALABARZON

Legal Conservation Estimated NIPAS AreaArea Priority No. Location Instruments ** Priority ArAreaea Components (ha) Level / Date Areas *** (ha) Infanta Infanta Proc. 158 / Watershed Quezon February 13, 31 Mt. Binuang Forest 1967 384.00 and vicinity I.D. 56,575.69 1 Reserve 2 Island of Lamon Bay, Proc. 2152 / Undeter- 34 Polillo EHc 81,115.84 Polillo, Quezon December 29, mined Island Alabat, 1981 Cabalete, Jomalig, Patnanongan, Kalotkot, Kalongkooan, Palasan, Calabao, Icol and San Rafael Mangrove Swamp Forest Reserve 3 Polilo Polillo, Quezon Proc. 72 / 130.00 34 Polillo EHc 81,115.84 Watershed August 7, Island Forest 1966 Reserve 4 Mt. Makiling Los Baños and Proc. 552 / 3,328.85 38 Mt. EHc 11,871.90 National Park Calamba February 23, Makiling Laguna, Sto. 1933; Forest Tomas, Proc 692 / Reserve Batangas March 28, 1960 5 Mts. Majayjay, Proc. 716 / 40 Mt. VH 7,641.59 Banahaw-San Laguna and 21-May-41 11,113.30 Banahaw- Cristobal Lucban, San Cristobal National Park Tayabas, Lucban Quezon Cone Complex

104104104 Regionial Physical Framework Plan Volume 2

Legal Conservation Estimated NIPAS Instruments ** Area Priority Priority Area No. Components Location / Date (ha) Areas *** Level (ha) 6 Mts. Palay - Ternate and Proc. 1594 / 4,000.00 41 Mt. VH 2,863.78 Palay - Maragondon, 26-Oct-76 Palay - Palay - Mataas-na- Cavite and Mt. Mataas - Gulod Nasugbu, na-Gulod National Park Batangas National Park 7 Taal Volcano Talisay, Proc. 235 / 62,292.14 43 Taal EHu 23,897.03 Natural Park Malvar, July 22,1967, Lake Tanauan, Proc. 923 / Laurel November 19, Agoncillo 1996 Santa Teresita, Cuenca, Alitagtag, MataasMataas na Kahoy, Lipa City, Balete, San Nicolas, Province of BatanBatangasgas and Tagaytay City 8 Quezon Atimonan, Proc. 740 / 983.00 45 Quezon VH 4,450.49 National Park Padre Burgos October 25, National Park and Pagilao, 1934; Quezon Proc. 594 / August 05, 1940 9 Maulawin Guinayangan, Proc. 365 / 149.01 48 Ragay VH 19,492.04 Spring Quezon January 2, Gulf Watershed 1939; Forest Proc. 295 / Reserve April 23, 2000

10 Mulanay Mulanay, Proc. 296 / 26.00 49 Bondoc I.D. 296, 264.97 Watershed Quezon July 21, 1938 Peninsula Forest Reserve Lopez11 Lopez Lopez, Quezon Proc. 566 / 418.00 49 Bondoc I.D. 296, 264.97 Watershed June 22, 1940 Peninsula Forest Reserve

105105105 5. Environmental Management

Legal Conservation Estimated NIPAS Area Priority No. Location Instruments ** Priority Area Components (ha) Level / Date Areas *** (ha) 12 Calauag Calauag, Proc. 367 / 328.00 49 Bondoc I.D. 296, 264.97 Watershed Quezon January 2, Peninsula Forest 1939 Reserve 13 Binahaan Pagbilao, Proc. 735 / 465.00 49 Bondoc I.D. 296, 264.97 Watershed Mauban, 29-May-91 Peninsula Forest Quezon Reserve 14 Palsabangan Tayabas Bay, Proc. 2152/ Underter- 46 EHc 5,109.86 River up tp Quezon December 29, mined Pagbilao and Mazintuto River 1981 Tayabas Bay Mangrove Swamp Forest Reserve: - Bacong River up to Sandoval Point; -Palay Point up to Malunay River. Bondoc Peninsula; - Bondoc River in Aurora up to Pinamu-tangan Point, Bondoc Peninsula; - San Andres to Arena Point, Bondoc Peninsula (4A- MSFR-01)

SOURCES: NBSAP, 1997; DENR-PAWB, 2001 * Bold typeface - with Presidential Proclamation ** Bold underlined typeface - with Congressional Action Proc. - Presidenatial Proclamation R.A. - Republic Act P.D. - Presidential Decree E.O. - Executive Order LOI - Presidential Letter of Instruction *** Number on the left refers to place name index.

106106106 Regionial Physical Framework Plan Volume 2

5.5 Solid Waste Disposal environmental degradation and air pollution. Cutting of trees in large magnitude for charcoal and for Data on the percentage of households by usual firewood may be destructive to the forest. Moreover, manner of garbage disposal in two censal years burning of substances such as wood may also indicate significant improvement. The percentage contribute to air pollution and destruction of the of households whose garbage was picked-up by a ozone layer. Data from Census of Population and garbage truck increased to 48.5 percent in 2000 from Housing (CPH) for 1990 and 2000 revealed that the 14.3 percent in 1990. In contrast other means of proportion of households using solid fuels has disposal decreased: dumping in individual pit (-2.5 declined by 31.8 percent. In contrast, the proportion %); burning (-24.8 %); brying (-1.25); feeding to of households using electricity, LPG or kerosene for animals (-3.79 %); and, others (-1.8 %). The cooking increased from 47.6 percent in 1990 to 80 percentage of households who are composting their percent in 2000. garbage increased from 1.5 percent to 1.6 percent (Table 2.61). Among the provinces, only Quezon and Batangas have high proportion of households using 5.6 Use of Solid Fuels solid fuels for cooking with 49.6 percent and 30.2 percent respectively. Only a small portion for The use of solid fuels for cooking may cause Cavite, Rizal and Laguna are using solid fuels.

Table 2.61 Households by Usual Manner of Garbage Disposal CALABARZON, 1990 & 2000 (Figures are estimated based on 10% Sample)

Total Picked up by Dumping in Composting Feeding Area House- Garbage Indivi-dual Pit Burning (Later Used Burying to Others holds Truck (Not Burned) as fertilizer) Animals 1990 CALABARZON 1,218,561 14.30 8.12 65.94 1.52 3.16 4.78 2.18 Batangas 272,116 5.88 5.11 78.92 2.42 4.06 3.00 0.62 Cavite 222,151 12.04 10.38 65.92 1.75 3.01 3.46 3.43 Laguna 269,342 18.71 9.01 64.66 1.10 2.18 1.70 2.64 Quezon 265,762 9.84 8.89 60.12 1.20 4.45 12.38 3.12 Rizal 189,190 29.09 7.43 57.28 0.99 1.63 2.62 0.96 2000 CALABARZON 1,877,818 48.52 5.60 41.09 1.57 1.91 0.99 0.32 Batangas 374,767 22.95 7.05 62.61 2.64 2.57 1.83 0.35 Cavite 428,879 60.97 6.62 27.52 1.97 1.72 0.75 0.45 Laguna 417,932 61.20 4.41 31.79 0.84 1.10 0.47 0.19 Quezon 299,662 19.95 5.68 67.56 1.51 3.07 1.85 0.38 Rizal 356,578 69.54 4.20 23.44 0.87 1.41 0.30 0.24 Percentage Point Change CALABARZON 34.21 -2.51 -24.85 0.05 -1.25 -3.79 -1.85 Batangas 17.08 1.94 -16.31 0.22 -1.49 -1.17 -0.27 Cavite 48.93 -3.76 -38.41 0.22 -1.30 -2.70 -2.98 Laguna 42.49 -4.60 -32.87 -0.26 -1.07 -1.23 -2.44 Quezon 10.11 -3.21 7.45 0.30 -1.38 -10.53 -2.74 Rizal 40.46 -3.23 -33.84 -0.12 -0.23 -2.31 -0.72 SOURCE: NSO - Census of Population and Housing 107107107 5. Environmental Management

5.7 Toilet Facilities Table 2.62 Proportion of Households Using The percentage of households with sanitary Solid Fuels for Cooking toilet facilities increased substantially by 21 CALABARZON, 1990 and 2000 percentage points from 63 percent in 1990. This % tage point Area 1990 2000 could be attributed to the concerted effort of the difference national and local government to advocate the use CALABARZON 52.4 20.5 -31.8 of sanitary toilet facilities by the households. A Batangas 70.6 30.2 -40.4 number of LGUs even provided free sanitary toilet Cavite 30.9 9.3 -21.6 bowls as part of their program. The provinces of Laguna 40.0 10.7 -29.2 Cavite and Rizal lead the other provinces in terms Quezon 80.8 49.6 -31.2 of the percentage of households with sanitary toilet Rizal 29.2 10.9 -18.3 facilities while Batangas and Quezon lag behind SOURCE: NSO - CPH (Table 2.63). Table 2.63 Households by Kind of Toilet Facility Being Used (Figures are estimated based on 10% sample) CALABARZON, 1990 & 2000 KIND OF TOILET FACILITY Water- Water- Water- Water- sealed, sealed, sealed, sealed, Sewer / Other Others: Total Sewer / Other Area Septic Tank, Depository, Open Pit Pail Households Septic Tank, Depository, Closed Pit Used Used System/ Shared with Shared with Exclusively Exclusively None Other Other by the by the Households Households Household Household 1990 CALABARZON 1,218,561 41.3 9.1 8.6 4.2 7.7 29.0 Batangas 272,116 33.6 6.3 10.7 3.9 10.9 34.6 Cavite 222,151 55.8 9.6 8.8 3.0 4.9 17.9 Laguna 269,342 48.2 11.8 9.2 5.7 6.9 18.0 Quezon 265,762 23.1 5.9 5.6 3.2 8.9 53.4 Rizal 189,190 51.5 13.3 9.0 5.0 5.9 15.4 2000 CALABARZON 1,877,818 55.5 8.5 14.5 5.6 5.2 10.6 Batangas 374,767 55.1 7.9 15.1 5.0 5.2 11.7 Cavite 428,879 65.6 9.1 12.6 4.8 2.8 5.1 Laguna 417,932 58.6 8.3 16.8 7.1 3.9 5.3 Quezon 299,662 31.0 5.8 14.6 4.9 11.7 31.9 Rizal 356,578 60.8 11.2 13.3 5.7 4.4 4.6 Percentage Points Change CALABARZON 14.2 -0.6 5.9 1.4 -2.5 -18.4 Batangas 21.6 1.5 4.5 1.1 -5.7 -22.9 Cavite 9.8 -0.5 3.8 1.8 -2.1 -12.8 Laguna 10.3 -3.5 7.6 1.4 -3.1 -12.7 Quezon 8.0 -0.1 9.0 1.8 2.8 -21.5 Rizal 9.3 -2.1 4.3 0.7 -1.4 -10.8 SOURCE: NSO – Census of Population and Housing

108108108

Population 1 Dimension

1.1 Trends in Population Size showed CALABARZON’s relatively low population compared to many other regions including those in CALABARZON is the fifth smallest region in the Visayas. In fact, CALABARZON’s percentage share terms of land area but it has ranked second in terms to the country’s total population during the said of population size to NCR in 2000. The region has period showed a declining trend. A reversal of the 9.3 million population, showing an increase of 5.9 trend was observed from 1970s. The highest million from its population level of 3.3 million in percentage share was registered in the year 2000 at 1970. During the past three decades the population 12.18 percent while the lowest was in 1948 at 8.28 increase has dramatically and consistently surpassed percent. the projections made during these periods. From 1970 to 2000, the total population of the region The lowest percentage share in 1948 may be almost tripled, with incremental population attributed to the fact that the provinces adjoining increasing every decade. The period 1990-2000 NCR were among the vastly devastated areas during recorded the highest increase of almost 3.0 million World War II. The data may also reflect the migration from the population increases recorded during the trend at that time. In the early half of the century previous two decades (Table 2.64). The huge migration was towards rural areas especially population increase especially during the 1990-2000 Mindanao while the second half of the century saw period could be largely attributed to migration. urban-ward migration. Various housing developers, resettlement sites and most importantly opening of business establishments 1.2 Population Distribution have caused this population increase rather than natural population growth. 1.2.1 Population Size by Province

Census records for the period 1903 to 1960 All five provinces of CALABARZON are among

Table 2.64 Total Population by Selected Regions and Percentage Share Philippines and Selected Regions, 1970-2000

Total Population % Share Area 1970 1980 1990 2000 1970 1980 1990 2000 100 Philippines 36,684,486 48,098,460 60,703,206 76,498,735 100 100 100 Central Luzon 3,695,955 4,909,938 6,338,590 8,204,742 10.07 10.21 10.44 10.73 NCR 3,966,695 5,925,884 7,948,392 9,932,650 10.81 12.32 13.09 12.98 CALABARZON 3,356,327 4,603,435 6,349,452 9,320,629 9.15 9.57 10.46 12.18 SOURCE: NSO 110110110 Regionial Physical Framework Plan Volume 2 the 21 provinces (out of the country’s 78 provinces) 1.2.2 Population Size by Cluster/ with a population of more than one million. Notably Catchment Areas in the past, the provinces with the biggest land area, i.e., Quezon and Batangas have the biggest Table 2.66 shows that CALABARZON’s population among the CALABARZON’s provinces but population is not spread evenly across the 11 cities in 2000, the provinces adjacent to NCR have the and 131 municipalities. Majority or 65.2 percent of biggest shares, i.e., Cavite and Laguna (Table 2.65). the population live in 34 municipalities and 11 cities

Table 2.65 Total Population and Percentage Share by Province CALABARZON, 1970-2000

TOTAL POPULATION % SHARE PROVINCE 1970 1980 1990 2000 1970 1980 1990 2000 Batangas 926,308 1,174,201 1,476,783 1,905,348 27.60 25.51 23.26 20.44 Cavite 520,180 771,320 1,152,534 2,063,161 15.50 16.76 18.15 22.14 Laguna 699,736 973,104 1,370,232 1,965,872 20.85 21.14 21.58 21.09 Quezon 902,865 1,129,277 1,372,455 1,679,030 26.90 24.53 21.62 18.01 Rizal 307,238 555,533 977,448 1,707,218 9.15 12.07 15.39 18.32 CALABARZON 3,356,327 4,603,435 6,349,452 9,320,629 100 100 100 100 SOURCE: NSO Table 2.66 Total Population and Percentage Share by Major Cathchment/Cluster Areas CALABARZON Region, 1970-2000

POPULATION1/ % SHARE TO TOTAL POP.2/ Catchment Areas/ Clusters 1970 1980 1990 2000 1970 1980 1990 2000 1. Northern Rizal 208,427 404,585 747,297 1,424,689 6.21 8.79 12.08 15.29 2. Western Laguna 264,378 476,979 759,975 1,182,581 7.88 10.36 11.97 12.69 3. Northern Cavite 244,943 407,869 642,395 1,234,880 7.30 8.86 10.02 13.25 4.Metro Tagaytay 490,906 68,643 117,529 201,424 2.76 2.98 3.21 3.37 5. Central Cavite 92,665 137,404 204,024 313,946 1.49 1.49 1.85 2.16 6. San Pablo-Metro Lucena 386,083 490,736 629,956 809,934 11.50 10.66 9.92 8.69 7. Metro Batangas 209,079 291,240 376,254 458,872 6.23 6.33 5.93 4.92 8. Metro Lipa 201,985 256,224 335,333 449,070 6.02 5.57 5.28 4.82 Catchment Areas 1,657,466 2,533,680 3,832,763 6,075,396 49.38 55.04 60.36 65.18 Other Areas 1,718,383 2,093,392 2,547,163 3,282,707 50.62 44.96 39.64 34.82 CALABARZON 3,356,327 4,603,435 6,349,452 9,320,629 100 100 100 100

Source: 1/ NSO 2/ Computed N.B. The following comprise the clusters or catchment areas: 1. Northern Rizal Cluster: Rodriguez-San Mateo-Cainta-Taytay-Antipolo City 2. Western Laguna Cluster: San Pedro-Biñan-Sta. Rosa City-Cabuyao-Calamba City-Los Baños-Bay 3. Northern Cavite Cluster: Bacoor-Imus-Dasmariñas-Carmona-GMA-Kawit-Noveleta-Cavite City 4. Metro Tagaytay: Tagaytay City –Silang 5. Central Cavite Cluster: Rosario-Gen.Trias-Tanza-Trece Martires City 6. San Pablo-Metro Lucena: San Pablo City (Laguna) -Tiaong_Candelaria-Pagbilao-Lucena City -Sariaya-Tayabas 7. Metro Batangas: Batangas City-Bauan-San Pascual-San Jose-Mabini 8. Metro Lipa: Sto. Tomas-Malvar-Tanauan City-Lipa City

111111111 1. Population Dimension

grouped into eight so-called “catchment Figure 2.46 areas or clusters.” On the other hand 34.8 Figure 2.46 Percentage Urban-Rural Population by Percentage Urban-Rural Population percent of the population reside in other Selected Regions (In Percent) by Selected Regions (in Percent) Philippines and Selected Regions, 2000 97 municipalities/cities. The population Philippines and Selected Regions , 2000 share of the catchment areas has increased steadily from 1970 to 2000. This implies that X 40.49 59.51 the concentration of the population has 46.37 53.63 been increasing rapidly in these catchment VII areas. Of the eight major catchment areas, III 59.74 40.26 the Northern Cluster (Rodriguez, San Mateo, IV-A 67.39 32.61 Cainta, Taytay, Antipolo) has the highest 100.00 0.00 population concentration. NCR Philippines 48.05 51.95

1.2.3 Urban and Rural Population 0 20406080100 Distribution Urban Rural As of the last census, 67.4 percent of the region’s population lives in the urban areas, compared with the national average of 48 the four censal years, Rizal consistently has the percent. CALABARZON also has a higher proportion highest share of urban population followed by Cavite of population living in urban areas than Central Luzon and Laguna. In general, the share urban population (Region III) at which registered at 60 percent, Central in CALABARZON has been increasing steadily as Visayas (Region VII) at 46.4 percent, and Northern shown in Table 2.68 compared with its rural Mindanao (Region X) at 40.5 percent. Only NCR has population, showing a reversal of trend. 100 percent of its population residing in areas classified as urban (Figure 2.46). 1.3 Population Growth and Density

Almost all (96 %) people in Rizal are residing Compared with highly populated regions, such in urban areas as of the 2000 census. Quezon as NCR, Central Luzon, Western Visayas and Southern province on the other hand has 22 percent, the Mindanao, CALABARZON posted a higher population lowest among the five provinces of the region. For growth rate between 1990 to 2000. Table 2.67 shows that CALABARZON was the only region which manifested a steady increase in population growth albeit less than the population growth rate of NCR, Western Visayas and Southern Mindanao in the 1970’s. It has been observed that stating the 1970’s, CALABARZON has become a preferred migration destination.

One of the reasons for in-

112112112 Regionial Physical Framework Plan Volume 2 migration is the development of subdivisions and housing sites in the Table 2.68 region, said sites being accessible to Population Growth Rate CALABARZON, 1970-2000 workers in the NCR. By the year 2000, the number of subdivisions registered Area 1970-80 1980-90 1990-2000 with the HLRUB reach 3,585, of which CALABARZON 3.21 3.27 3.91 33.1 percent are in Cavite, 30.8 Central Luzon 2.80 2.58 2.60 percent in Laguna, and 15.7 percent National Capital Region 4.10 2.98 2.25 in Rizal. Western Visayas 4.07 1.77 0.72 Southern Mindanao 4.34 2.28 2.62 Although in-migration Philippines 2.74 2.35 2.34 contributed significantly to the high Source: NSO population growth rate, it may also be mentioned that total fertility rate (TFR) is likewise populated region in the country. Population density high at 3.69 per woman though slightly lower than more than doubled from a low 207 persons per square the national average of 3.75. The data indicates the kilometer in 1970 to 574 in 2000. Again, the three need to strengthen the reproductive health and provinces bordering NCR have very high population family planning programs in the region. densities: Cavite – 1,602; Rizal – 1,304 and Laguna – 1,117 persons per sq. km. On the other hand, the At the provincial level, the population growth province of Quezon has the lowest population density rate of provinces bordering NCR, namely Rizal, at 193 persons per square kilometer. It must be Cavite and Laguna, are high and these provinces emphasized however that Quezon province has the which include among top five provinces nationwide smallest population among the five provinces but it within the highest population growth rates. During also has the biggest land area. the 1990-2000 period, Cavite’s population grew annually by six percent, Rizal registered 5.7 percent The catchment areas are the most densely and Laguna, 3.7 percent. Only the provinces of populated with its population density almost six Batangas and Quezon have lower population growth times compared to other areas of the region. All rate than the region with 2.6 and 2.0 percent, catchment areas except for Tagaytay-Silang, San respectively (Table 2.68). The population growth Pablo, Metro Lucena and Metro Batangas, have one rate of Batangas is still higher than the national thousand population or more per square kilometer. average of 2.3 percent. Data pertaining to fertility The Northern Cavite recorded the highest at 4,463 levels such as crude birth rates, however, show that persons per square km. Quezon and Batangas have the highest rates. 1.4 Age-Sex Structure Majority of the eight major catchment areas in Cavite, Rizal and Laguna provinces have the The population pyramid for year 2000 showed highest population growth rates topped by Northern that the region’s population is still young with the Cavite Cluster at 6.7 percent and Northern Rizal at population below 15 years old comprising 36 percent 6.4 percent during the 1990-2000 period. The of the total population though lower than the catchment areas host the most number of percentage share in 1990 of 38 percent. On the other subdivisions and housing sites. hand, the proportion of 65 years and over increased slightly from three percent in 1990 to four percent The CALABARZON is the second most densely in 2000 (Figure 2.47).

113113113 1. Population Dimension

The combined young and old dependency level is 64, which means that there are 64 dependents Figure 2.47 Age-Sex Population Pyramid per 100 working population. High dependency ratio CALABARZON, 2000 is closely associated with the level of poverty. This 80+

is shown in the case of Quezon which has the highest 75-79 age dependency rates of 75 percent in 2000 and the 70-74 65-69

highest poverty incidence in the same period. Laguna 60-64 which has been experiencing a sustained drop in age 55-59 dependency ratio also had shown consistent decrease 50-54 45-49

in its poverty incidence as well as magnitude of poor 40-44 families. In the case of Cavite and Rizal, in 2000 35-39 where the age dependency ratios have also 30-34 25-29 increased, the magnitudes of poor families have 20-24 increased. 15-19 10-14

5-9 Comparison of the age sex structure of the two 1-4 censal years 1990 and 2000 showed similar patterns. Under 1 6 30 3 6 The age group 5-9 recorded the highest proportion MALE FEMALE while the category 80 and above has the least. The data also showed a slight increase in the proportion % TOTAL of population 60 and over and a decrease in the

Table 2.69 Population Growth Rate and Density by Province and Cluster CALABARZON Region, 1970-2000

Population Growth Rate Population Density Area 1970-80 1980-90 1990-2000 1970 1980 1990 2000 CALABARZON 3.21 3.27 3.91 207 284 391 574 1. Batangas 2.32 2.32 2.58 293 371 466 602 2. Cavite 4.10 4.10 6.00 404 599 895 1,602 3. Laguna 3.49 3.48 3.68 398 553 779 1,117 4. Quezon 1.97 1.97 2.04 104 130 158 193 5. Rizal 5.82 5.81 5.74 235 424 747 1,304 Catchment Areas 4.36 4.24 4.73 398 610 923 1,466 1.Northern Rizal 6.86 6.61 6.38 251 487 923 1,713 1.Western Laguna 6.08 4.77 4.52 755 1,363 2,171 3,379 1.Northern Cavite 5.23 4.65 6.75 885 1,474 2,322 4,463 1.Tagaytay-Silang 3.24 5.52 5.54 231 318 545 934 1.Central Cavite 4.02 4.03 4.4 231 318 545 934 1.San Pablo Metro Lucena 2.43 2.53 2.54 316 401 515 662 1.Metro Batangas 3.37 2.59 2.0 339 472 610 744 1.Metro Lipa 2.41 2.73 2.96 455 577 755 1,011 Other Areas 1.99 1.97 2.58 141 172 209 269 Source: NSO

114114114 Regionial Physical Framework Plan Volume 2

Table 2.70 Median Age, Sex Ratio and Age Dependency Ratio CALABARZON, 1990, 1995 AND 2000

MEDIAN AGE SEX RATIO AGE DEPENDENCY RATIO AREA 1990 1995 2000 1990 1995 2000 1990 1995 2000 Batangas 20 21 22 101 101 101 74.67 69.31 66.35 Cavite 22 22 22 100 99 98 66.67 59.74 60.86 Laguna 21 22 23 101 100 98 68.87 64.36 60.18 Quezon 19 20 20 104 105 104 81.02 78.7 75.39 Rizal 21 21 22 100 100 101 68.07 65.36 62.75 CALABARZON 20 21 22 101 101 100 72.16 68.66 64.43 Source: NSO under one year old. The increase in the proportion compared to females is higher from age zero until for 60 years old and over would reflect reported the age group 45-49 where the proportions for both improvements in the mortality rates of the region sexes are almost equal. From the age-group 50-54 while the decrease of the proportion under one year and onwards, however, the reverse is observed old could be attributed to declining birth rates and wherein the females start to outnumber the males. in-migration especially among the economically This pattern confirms previous studies that women active population. With the slight change in the age- have longer life expectancies than females. sex structure the median age for the region slightly increased from 20 in 1990 to 22 in 2000 (Table 2.70). 1.5 Fertility and Its Proximate Determinants Only Quezon province has a median age below the regional average. Although CALABARZON’s high population growth rate is largely due to migration and improving In both censuses, the proportion of males death rates, data show that fertility level remains a challenge for the region like Table 2.71 other areas of the country. The Selected Fertility Indicators by Selected Regions region’s total fertility rate (TFR) CALABARZON, 1995-2002 or the average number of Indicators IV-A III NCR Philippines children that would be born to a woman over her lifetime if she Total Fertility Rate 3.2 3.1 2.8 3.5 (Children per woman) were to experience the current age-specific fertility rates is 3.2. Mean Number of Children Ever Born 3.8 4.1 3.2 4.3 to Women age 40-49 This is lower compared with the Philippines’ 3.5 but higher than Median Number of Months since 32.6 34.1 27.8 30.5 Preceding Birth Region III with 3.1 and NCR with 2.8 children per woman. Below Percentage of women 15-24 years old 23.6 26.4 23.1 26.4 who have begun child-bearing are some fertility indicators which show that the region’s Contraceptive Use among Women (% 32.8 40.2 32.1 33.4 of women using any modern method fertility status are not far of contraceptive) different compared with the national. SOURCE: National Demographic Survey

115115115 1. Population Dimension

1.6 Migration among others. By province, Cavite, Rizal and Laguna (in that order) remain on top. In the case of Batangas The data or migration in the country showed and Quezon it is observed that more people in that the whole of Southern Tagalog (CALABARAZON Quezon moved from one town to another compared and MIMAROPA) was a net in-migration area at 23 to Batangas. It is noted that the data on urban persons per 1,000 populations during the period population between 1990 and 2000 showed several 1985-1990. The migration of the people from NCR municipalities of Quezon manifested de-urbanization and nearby regions is The 2000 Census shows that patterns. The reason for this could be improved about 90 percent of the population five years old peace and order situations in the province and and over have not changed residence, i.e., they have employment opportunities in the rural areas such remained in the same municipality, city and province as gold panning. for the past five years. This is lower compared to 1990 Census by three percentage points (Table 2.72). Of the total households with different This migration pattern is expected to continue due residence five years ago, 63.7 percent are female to the employment opportunities offered in the while 37.3 are males. The pattern is the same in all industrial areas, and the accessibility of subdivisions/ provinces where the females dominate the number housing sites being developed in CALABARZON to of households with different residence five years ago. workers in NCR. Among the foreign migrants, however, the males slightly outnumbered the females (53%). Among the provinces, Cavite continues to register the lowest percentage of households who The dominance of female migrants indicates did not change residence, from 90 percent in 1990 partly that the type of employment opportunities in to 83 percent in 2000. Rizal has the next lowest the region, which do not require physical attributes percentage of household who have not changed but may require higher-level educational residence but the change from the 1990 census is qualifications. It shall be pointed out that the length not significant. of schooling is generally higher among women than men. Movements within the provinces have also increased indicating changes in socio-economic The continued in-migration of women in the characteristics, opportunities, peace and order, region has long-term impact on population growth.

Table 2.72 Percentgae of Household Population Five Years Old and Over who Remained in the Same City/Municipality and Province Five Years Ago CALABARZON, 1990 and 2000

2000 1990 Total Male Female Total Male Female BATANGAS 94.95 95.45 94.45 96.32 96.33 96.16 CAVITE 84.87 85.43 84.33 89.51 89.77 89.25 LAGUNA 91.53 92.01 91.06 91.01 91.39 90.63 QUEZON 95.34 95.54 95.14 95.08 95.15 95.01 RIZAL 86.94 87.35 86.54 86.10 97.96 84.26 CALABARZON 90.59 91.06 90.12 93.18 93.37 92.95 Source of Basic Data: NSO

116116116 Regionial Physical Framework Plan Volume 2

Table 2.73 Female Population Below 20 Years Old by Selected Regions Philippines, 2000

Philippines IV-A NCR III

Total Female Population 37,979,811 4,654,288 5,054,718 3,985,063

Female <20 years old 17,858,223 2,091,962 2,068,084 1,785,040

Proportion female < 20 years old 47.02 44.95 40.91 44.79

Percentage share of female < 20 years old 100 11.71 11.58 10.00 from national total

Source of basic data: Census of Population and Housing

years. 1.7 Population Momentum 1.8 Future Growth

Population momentum is another source of With the CALABARZON’s PGR of 3.97 percent, population growth for the region aside from declining its population is expected to double within 17.6 birth rates, high fertility and in-migration. This years. This is much shorter than the doubling time phenomenon refers to the percentage of the of the Philippines of 31.4 years. The provinces with population that are in their child bearing years who the shortest doubling time are Cavite at 11.5 years have not yet had children, and thus are scheduled and Rizal, at 12 years, while Quezon has the longest to eventually have children which add to the population through reproduction Table 2.74 (Wilkepedia). Estimated Population Doubling Time of CALABARZON Provinces and Catchment Areas

The region’s proportion of women PGR (1990 – Doubling Time below 20 years was over 2 million as of 2000) (Years) 2000. This accounts for 45 percent of the CALABARZON 3.91 17.6 total number of women in the region. The 1. Batangas 2.58 26.7 region has the highest total number of 2. Cavite 6.00 11.5 women. Since the region has higher 3. Laguna 3.68 18.8 percentage of women aged below 20, the 4. Quezon 2.04 33.8 region will manifest larger population 5. Rizal 5.74 12 growth in the future because there is such Catchment Areas a large percentage of the population 1. Northern Rizal Cluster 6.38 10.82 capable of having children. This means 2. Western Laguna 4.52 15.27 the population will continue to grow, 3. Northern Cavite 6.75 10.22 even if the fertility rate reaches 4. Tagaytay-Silang 5.54 12.4 replacement level. The reason is that 5. Central Cavite Cluster 4.4 15.68 population momentum would have an 6. San Pablo – Metro Lucena 2.54 27.16 effect is that high fertility levels in the 7. Metro Batangas 2.0 34.5 8. Metro Lipa 2.96 23.3 past caused a largely young population Source: NSO which still has to reach child-bearing

117117117 1. Population Dimension

at 33.8 years, longer than the national average (Table slowest, at 23.3 years. 2.74). Among the catchment areas, the Northern The population of CALABARZON is expected to Rizal Cluster has the fastest doubling time at 9.3 reach 13.6 million by 2010, 20.1 million in 2020, years while the Batangas City-Bauan-San Pascual the and 29.4 million in 2030. Cavite province will remain

Table 2.75 Actual and Projected Population by Province and Catchment Areas CALABARZON. 2000-2030

2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030

CALABARZON 9,320,629 11,290,988 13,677,876 16,569,347 20,072,068 24,315,256 29,455,444

1. Batangas 1,905,348 2,143,445 2,391,176 2,639,160 2,872,545 3,068,735 3,194,268

2. Cavite 2,063,161 2,740,268 3,627,873 4,791,649 6,318,149 8,321,572 10,952,775

3. Laguna 1,965,872 2,334,506 2,754,729 3,227,657 3,751,312 4,318,854 4,916,087

4. Quezon 1,679,030 1,836,716 1,987,835 2,120,247 2,215,902 2,248,510 2,180,341

5. Rizal 1,707,218 2,236,054 2,916,264 3,790,634 4,914,160 6,357,584 8,211,973

Catchment Areas 6,075,396 7,252,845 9,164,345 11,588,759 14,666,232 18,576,014 23,547,639

1. Rondriguez-San Mateo-Cainta- Taytay-Antipolo-Angono- 1,424,689 1,948,061 2,628,117 3,541,194 4,767,225 6,413,735 8,625,439 Binangonan

2. Sn Pedro-Binan-Sta. Rosa- Cabuyao-Calamba-Los Baños- 1,182,581 1,481,922 1,822,996 2,232,117 2,718,989 3,292,866 3,961,345 Bay

3. Bacoor-Imus-Dasmariñas-Kawit- GMA-Carmona-Noveleta – 1,234,880 1,718,863 2,356,625 3,227,845 4,418,714 6,047,638 8,277,423 Cavite City

4. Rosario-Gen. Trias-Tanza-TMC 313,946 396,177 465,898 535,872 598,874 643,003 649,413

5. Tagaytay-Silang 201,424 270,426 328,012 388,531 447,130 495,388 519,479

6. San Pablo City- Tiaong- Candelaria-Sariaya-Lucena City- 809,934 925,109 1,024,139 1,117,364 1,194,348 1,238,971 1,226,890 Pagbilao

7. Batangas City-Bauan-San 421,398 471,935 496,360 503,545 481,370 411,793 268,274 Pascual-San Jose

8. Sto. Tomas-Malvar-Tanauan-Lipa 449,070 526,412 584,191 632,550 660,868 652,863 584,063

OTHER AREAS 3,282,707 4,038,143 4,513,532 4,980,588 5,405,836 5,739,242 5,907,804

SOURCE: NSO

118118118 Regionial Physical Framework Plan Volume 2 as the most populous province while Quezon, the particles are about 12 percent and 33 percent least population due to unabated migration and slow below DENR’s maximum allowable level. There fertility reductions, the populations of all the is increasing concern in industrial and heavy provinces will continue to grow within the next 30 vehicular traffic areas especially given urban years (Table 2.75). Whether or not the population expansion from Metro Manila which has a level growth of the region and its provinces will decelerate of air pollution 2 – 3 times higher than within the next decade depends on how the other acceptable World Health Office’s standards. parts of the country will be able to hasten their development. c. Employment

1.9 Issues/Concerns The increase in the working age population implies the need to generate more The following issues are evident in the region jobs. Data on employment, however, show that as consequences of rapid population growth. as the labor force participation rates are increasing, the employment rates continue to a. Encroachment of Environmentally drop. Underemployment is also rising. Critical Areas d. Infrastructure Facilities Lakeshore municipalities of Laguna Lake – Biñan, San Pedro, Calamba, Cabuyao and The need to improve accessibility and Kalayaan in the province of Laguna, and Taytay, increase availability of transport, power, water Binangonan and Angono in the province of Rizal and other infrastructure facilities should have PGRs higher than the regional average. consider both the produced demands of Some municipalities around Taal Lake also have households and the industrial and commercial PGRs higher than that of the province of sectors. Batangas— Agoncillo, Talisay, Lipa City, Balete and Mataas na Kahoy. Municipalities which host e. Housing, Education, Health and other Watershed Forest Reserves (WFR) with high Social Development Facilities PGRs are Antipolo City (8.7 %) in Rizal, and Infanta (3.7 %), and Quezon (2.6 %) in Quezon. Rapid urbanization also demands adequate and timely delivery of health, b. Pollution education and other social services, which cannot be provided most expeditiously because Based on studies of areas in Cavite and of limitations in human, material and financial Laguna which are part of the the CALA Project, resources. The analyses of existing data have pollution is still mangeable in the area. The indicated shortages in housing, education and levels of sulfur dioxide and total suspended health facilities shortages in various parts of the region.

119119119 Regional Economy and 2 Employment Situation

The Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) 2.1 Regional Growth and Share to National is the estimated total income or output of goods Economy and services produced in the region as accounted for by the following sectors: industry, services, and The combined GRDP for CALABARZON and agriculture. For the period 1992-2001, the GRDP MIMAROPA expanded from P113.5B in 1992 to data reflect the combined output of the erstwhile P163.2B in 2002 at constant prices or an average Southern Tagalog Region (STR) (or the total for annual growth rate of 3.7 percent (Table 2.76). This CALABARZON and MIMAROPA), while the data for rate of annual growth is slightly higher than the Gross 2003-2005 include only that of CALABARZON. Domestic Product (GDP) of 3.6 percent over the same period. For the period 2003- Table 2.76 2005, the new GRDP configuration Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) and Growth Rates Philippines, Southern Tagalog, 1992-2002 and CALABARZON, 2002-2005 for CALABARZON region showed At Constant Prices (1985=100) increased from P140.7B to P150.9B GRDP (in Php ‘000,000) Growth Rate which is more than 80 percent of % Share of the overall GRDP of the STR. Year Philippines Region IV Philippines Region IV Reg. IV (%) (%) The GRDP share to the 1992 718,941 113,545 15.79 national total was maintained at 1993 734,156 114,787 15.64 2.1 1.1 about 15.8 percent. This share 1994 766,368 120,155 15.68 4.4 4.7 ranked second only to NCR. Region 1995 802,224 125,248 15.61 4.7 4.2 IV and NCR, together with Region 1996 849,121 134,814 15.88 5.8 7.6 III, accounted for about 60 percent annual average of the country’s 1997 893,151 140,912 15.78 5.2 4.5 domestic output. In 2003, the 1998 888,001 139,144 15.67 -0.6 -1.3 percentage share of the 1999 918,161 141,561 15.42 3.4 1.7 CALABARZON region reduced 2000 958,411 146,478 15.28 4.4 3.5 slightly to 12.97. The industry and 2001 989,259 150,585 15.22 3.2 2.8 services sector were the main contributors to the national output, 2002 1,046,083 162,840 15.57 5.7 8.1 again placing the STR and 2003* 1,085,072 140,746 12.97 3.5 - CALABARZON region in particular 2004* 1,152,173 146,407 12.70 5.8 3.9 second to Metro Manila. Agriculture, 2005* 1,209,473 150,870 12.47 4.7 2.9 on the other hand, had the largest * Data for 2003-2005 are GRDP for CALABARZON share in the country’s Gross Value Source: Philippine Statistical Yearbook, NSCB Added (GVA) among all regions,

120120120 Regionial Physical Framework Plan Volume 2 despite the fact that the agriculture had a relatively Table 2.77 smaller share to GRDP as compared with industry Average Share to GDP, GVA and GRDP by Sector and services. Southern Tagalog and CALABARZON Region, 1992-2005

2.2 Sectoral Distribution of GRDP SHARE TO SHARE TO SHARE TO SECTOR GDP GVA GRDP Industry, services and agriculture output are Southern Tagalog Region (1992-2002) measured in terms of Gross Value Added. The Industry 7.16 16.71 43.2 assessment of the regional economic structure of Services 4.93 12.89 31.61 the region as shown in Table 2.77 was based on Agriculture 4.3 19.38 25.19 the relative change in the percentage shares of the CALABARZON Region (2003-2005) three sectors and the possible major contributions Industry 5.2 16.07 41.9 of the CALABARZON and MIMAROPA regions for its Services 4.9 10.33 38.5 sector. Agriculture 2.5 12.77 19.6 Source of basic data: Philippine Statistical Yearbook 2.2.1 Industry Sector SOURCE: Philippine Statistical Yearbook

During the ten-year period, 1992 to 2002, the increased to 34 out of the total 77 proclaimed industry sector contributed the highest share to the ecozones in the country. Of the 34 proclaimed GRDP at an average of 43.20 percent annually. The ecozones in CALABARZON, 25 are now fully sector’s performance varied during the period. The operational as against the total 45 for the country. share of the sector in the GRDP increased from 43.37 percent in 1992 to 44.20 percent in 1997, followed Gross value added for construction, electricity, with a declined in the share in 1998 to 2001 with gas and water, likewise increased at an average 42.00 percent and back in 2002 to 43.20 percent. annual growth rate of 5.9 percent and 4.9 percent, The industry sector’s output grew at an average respectively. Just like the manufacturing industry, annual rate of 6.50 percent, or 2.90 percentage the construction and electricity, gas and water points higher than the GRDP growth rate. sectors consistently ranked second to Metro Manila Manufacturing, construction and electricity, gas and in terms of share to the GVA of the sector. water sub-sectors were the main contributors of the sector. 2.2.2 Service Sector

The manufacturing industry accounted for The gross value added for the service sector almost one-third of the overall regional economy increased its share to the regional output from 29.57 and contributed an average of 19 to 20 percent to percent in 1992 to 33.79 percent in 2002. This was the national output in manufacturing. This sub- mainly due to the steady growth of the sub sectors sector grew at an average of 2.95 percent, a little (transportation, communication and storage, trade, higher than the national growth rate of 2.53 percent. finance, ownership of dwelling, private and The increased share in the manufacturing industry government service). The trade industry, the main was attributed to the growth in production in the growth driver of the sector posted a faster growth industrial parks/estates in CALABARZON particularly at 6.4 percent during 2001-2002 from its 3.0 percent in the late 1990’s when the Ecozone Act of 1995 performance in 1993. In absolute terms, the GVA took effect. Prior to this Act, there were only 9 rose from P15.6B in 1992 to P26.4B in 2002, proclaimed industrial estates in CALABARZON. This contributing an average of more than 40 percent to

121121121 2. Regional Economy and Employment Situation

the overall regional income of the sector. The services and industry sectors. The employment development of the small and medium enterprises, levels also showed that the service and industry expansion and modernization of trade support sectors accounted for the bulk of regional facilities such as ports and road networks led to the employment averaging at 47.19 and 29.84 percent, income expansion in the service sector as a whole. respectively during the 1994-2000 period. In terms of the share to the national employment, the service 2.2.3 Agriculture Sector sector contributed 9.67 percent while the industry sector 15.21 percent. These indicators would show The agriculture, fishery and forestry sub-sector that the region is found to be specialized in the contributed 19 percent to the overall agriculture services and industry sector particularly in sector output during the ten-year period. The GVA manufacturing given its significant contribution to gradually increased from P31.01B in 1992 to P37.47B the national economy. This is expected as the region in 2002, mostly income from agriculture and fishery continues to absorb the spill-over effects of Metro sub-sectors. The income in forestry sub-sector Manila’s development. declined from P228M in 1998 to only P49M in 2002. On the whole, this made the Southern Tagalog Region The economic activities under the service the biggest contributor to the national income in sector include (1) community, social and personal agriculture. The sector sustained its high services, (2) wholesale and retail trade, (3) finance production with the massive implementation of and transportation, (4) storage and (5) the Agriculture and Fisheries Modernization Act communication. A fast-growing industry sector (AFMA) in the region, effectively shielding the sector would demand for these types of support services. from the effects of the rapid agricultural land Other contributions that caused the upsurge in conversion to residential, industrial and commercial demand for services were the continuous uses particularly in CALABARZON. development and promotion of the small and medium enterprises and the expansion and The MIMAROPA region, which is dominantly an modernization of trade support facilities such as agricultural area, had accounted for the biggest ports (Dalahican in Quezon and Batangas Port) and share to the total regional output. The bulk of road networks. These make the CALABARZON CALABARZON’s share came mainly from the function as a domestic and international cargo production of hogs, chicken, egg and crops such as transshipment and trading hub in the country. coconut, cacao, pineapple, and sugarcane. The Likewise, the region is a favorite destination of increasing number of slaughterhouses made the multinational firms outsourcing information and CALABARZON region as one the country’s main source technology-related ventures in the country. Housing of livestock and poultry products. projects and the establishment of hotels, malls, restaurants, hospitals, educational and banking 2.3 Economic Specialization institutions also attributed to the increased demand for economic activities in the service sector. The degree of a region’s economic specialization is largely determined by its economic The industry sector encompasses activities in activities and employment levels. In the past years, (1) manufacturing, (2) construction and (3) electric, the economic activities in CALABARZON were gas and water. Increased industrial activities were influenced by those of the National Capital Region fueled by the expansion of and continuous due to their proximate locations. The economic development of industrial estates and ecozones. At activities in CALABARZON are dominated by the present, CALABARZON plays host in 25 ecozones.

122122122 Regionial Physical Framework Plan Volume 2

Most locators are of the assembly type-industries lowland areas of Cavite, Laguna and Rizal. Activities utilizing imported raw materials, which are not agri- in the agriculture sector varied across provinces. based. The bulk of exports products are electronics, Crops and fishery production are concentrated in semi-conductors, chemicals and garments, which Quezon given the terrain of all land area. Batangas, were generated in the provinces of Laguna, Cavite Laguna and Rizal where slaughterhouses and poultry and Batangas. The biggest number of establishments farms are located, have become the main sources (with 10 or more workers) comprises manufacturing of hogs, livestock, and poultry products not only industries such as processed food, garments and for the region but also for the country. As a whole, footwear industry, housewares, decors and wood other agricultural activities in the region consist of products, electronics, among others. Most of these rice, coconut, cacao, pineapple, sugarcane and other industries are located in the urban areas of crop productions. CALABARZON particularly in Antipolo, Cainta and Taytay, Rizal, Bacoor, Imus, Carmona, Silang and 2.4 Employment Situation Dasmariñas, Cavite, San Pedro, Binan, Cabuyao, Sta. Cruz, Los Baños, Calamba, San Pablo and Sta Rosa, The region’s total population of 15 years old Laguna, while in Batangas province in the cities of and over increased from 4.2 million in 1993 to 6.1 Batangas Lipa and Tanauan and in the municipalities million in 2001 or about 60 percent of the total of Sto. Tomas, Bauan and San Pascual and in Lucena population in CALABARZON (Table 2.78). This showed City, Candelaria, Sariaya Quezon. an average annual growth rate of 4.49 percent over the same period. The labor force participation rates The share of the region’s employment in showed an increasing trend during this period, agriculture to the country’s employment in reaching a high 66.4 percent in 2001 The region’s agriculture declined from 5.70 in 1994 to 4.70 working population (total number of person percent in 2000. The development of the agriculture employed) reached 3.9 million in 2002 from 2.6 sector particularly in crop production was million in 1993. On the average labor force grew by constrained by the conversion of the region’s 4.1 percent, higher than the average annual agricultural lands into other uses as a result of employment growth rate of 3.8 percent. This means urbanization and industrialization particularly in the that the entrants to the labor force grew faster than the total number of people employed.

Figure 2.48 For the period 1993 to 2002, average Distribution of Manufacturing Establishment, 2000 employment rate as computed, stood at 89.93, lower than the national average at 21% 16% 90.99 percent but better than the National Capital Region’s average at 84.40 percent. 17% The region’s highest employment rate was recorded in 1996 at 92.63 percent, with the 15% increased demand for labor in the industrial estates/economic zones. The lowest rate 31% was recorded in 2002 at 87.06 percent due to domestic economic crisis and political Batangas Cavite Laguna Quezon Rizal problems experienced in the country. It may be noted that employment in the urban areas SOURCE: National Statistics Office expanded at a higher rate than in the rural

123123123 2. Regional Economy and Employment Situation

areas with the difference of 3.55 percentage point Unemployment rate rose to 12.92 percent in for the period 1994 to 2002 (Table 2.79). This shows 2002 from 9.27 percent in 1993. The increasing trend more job opportunities were available in the urban in unemployment in the region would indicate that areas than in the rural areas. It was likewise aside from the recorded workers laid off and observed that, for the period 1998 to 2002, the retrenched in 1998 due to economic crisis, the region regional employment was dominated by the male was not able to provide jobs to the new entrants to population which accounted for an average of 60 the labor force as a result of the rapid increase in percent of the labor market. the region’s workforce population and in-migration

Table 2.78 Population 15 Years Old and Over by Sex and Employment Status, Urban- Rural CALABARZON, 1994-2002

Both Sexes Male Female In the Labor Force In the Labor Force In the Labor Force Year Area Pop'n 15 Pop'n 15 Pop'n 15 yrs and Un- yrs and Un- yrs and Un- Employed Employed Employed over employed over employed over employed 1994 Urban 2595 1398 175 1253 838 117 1344 560 58 Rural 1773 1041 85 931 708 55 842 336 30 Total 4368 2439 260 2184 1546 172 2186 896 88 1995 Urban 2711 1506 189 1310 883 127 1403 621 63 Rural 1800 1053 87 928 707 61 872 346 27 Total 4511 2559 276 2238 1590 188 2275 967 90 1996 Urban 2855 1607 157 1405 1004 106 1448 602 49 Rural 1793 1104 59 923 752 41 870 351 17 Total 4648 2711 216 2328 1756 147 2318 953 66 1997 Urban 2930 1647 174 1399 979 121 1529 670 52 Rural 1857 1125 80 945 757 49 911 370 30 Total 4787 2772 254 2344 1736 170 2440 1040 82 1998 Urban 3042 1659 205 1461 993 145 1581 667 59 Rural 1889 1136 108 950 755 68 938 381 39 Total 4931 2795 313 2411 1748 213 2519 1048 98 1999 Urban 3042 1659 205 1461 993 145 1581 667 59 Rural 1889 1136 108 950 755 68 938 381 39 Total 4931 2795 313 2411 1748 213 2519 1048 98 2000 Urban 3785 2040 322 1832 1175 224 1952 866 99 Rural 1919 1132 109 969 723 73 949 408 35 Total 5704 3172 431 2801 1898 297 2901 1274 134 2001 Urban 3944 2219 336 1898 1259 218 2046 961 118 Rural 1991 1265 117 1004 789 69 986 478 47 Total 5935 3484 453 2902 2048 287 3032 1439 165 2002 Urban 4060 2201 380 1935 1227 262 2127 973 118 Rural 2079 1269 135 1036 799 80 1043 470 54 Total 6139 3470 515 2971 2026 342 3170 1443 172 Source of basic data: Labor Force Survery, NSO

124124124 Regionial Physical Framework Plan Volume 2 from Metro Manila. By 2002, Table 2.79 Labor Force and Employment there were more than half‘ a CALABARZON Region, 1993-2002 million unemployed in the region Total compared to 1993 level of less Population Labor Force Un- Under- than two fifth of a million. 15 yrs. old Employment Year Participation employment employment and over Rate Rate Rate Rate The underemployment rate (In Thousand) in the region, averaged at 7.66 1993 4,213 61.88 90.73 9.27 7.20 percent, or in absolute terms, 1994 4,367 61.77 90.40 9.60 5.94 219,743 employed persons were 1995 4,512 62.87 90.23 9.77 6.06 underemployed. This may be due 1996 4,648 62.98 92.63 7.37 7.64 to unavailability of decent jobs 1997 4,787 63.21 91.62 8.38 7.42 for highly qualified workers. 1998 4,929 63.03 89.98 10.02 8.96 1999 5,073 63.89 89.94 10.06 7.26 By industry group, the 2000 5,705 63.14 88.02 11.98 8.04 service sector employed the bulk 2001 5,934 66.38 88.60 11.40 9.86 of workers in the region. It 2002 6,141 64.90 87.08 12.92 8.24 accounted for an annual average 1.Data were taken from the final results of the October Labor Force Survey of more than 47.19 percent of 2.Data may not add up to the total due to rounding the total regional employment 3.Computed based on the LFPR of the CALABARZON Provinces SOURCE: NSO for the base data and contributed 13.16 percent to the national employment of the service sector. The share of the sector in the in 1998 with 385 thousands jobs. Majority of the regional employment rose from 44.33 percent in workers were engaged in the community, social and 1994 to 54.76 percent in 2000. In absolute terms, personal services, wholesale and retail trade and in the sector created 872 thousands new jobs between transportation, storage and communication 1994 and 2002, the biggest increment of which was activities.

Table 2.80 Employment by Industry (In thousands) CALABARZON, 1994-2003

Agriculture Industry Service Year Urban Rural Total Total Rural Total Urban Rural Total 1994 157 460 617 449 230 679 687 345 1032 1995 171 334 505 436 172 608 584 266 850 1996 253 407 660 602 282 884 650 275 925 1997 263 406 669 623 300 923 684 298 982 1998 157 437 594 551 265 816 939 428 1367 1999 165 469 634 540 249 789 990 460 1450 2000 155 416 571 561 248 809 1079 452 1531 2001 176 465 641 643 240 883 1318 503 1821 2002 180 498 678 639 256 895 1396 508 1904 Ave. Growth Rate 2.19 4.69 6.31 SOURCE: NSO

125125125 2. Regional Economy and Employment Situation

On the contrary, the employment share of the engaged in agricultural activities. The inability industry and agriculture sectors declined during the of the sector to absorb new entrants to the labor same period. Employment in the industry sector force especially in the rural areas, could worsen decreased from 29.17 percent in 1994 to 25.74 the poverty situation in the region. Given this, percent, and in the agriculture sector, from 26.50 there is a need to accelerate policies, programs percent in 1994 to 19.50 percent in 2000. Though and projects that would generate agriculture- the industry sector was only the second highest related employment. employer in the region, it was highest contributor (about 16 percent) to the country’s employment in Figure 2.49 shows the economic industry sector, contributing 29.84 percent to total specialization of municipalities and cities as gleaned employment. The agriculture sector on the other from the employment by industry. The map show hand, contributed a meager 5 percent to the that the working population of municipalities and country’s agricultural employment. The cities included in the Urban Growth Corridor are employment growth of the sector was steady at an more likely to engage in industry and services while annual average of 2.19 percent. In absolute terms, the municipalities belonging to the resource-base only 629 thousands of the total workforce were clusters are into agriculture.

Figure 2.49 Figure 2.49 EconomicEconomic Specialization Specialization of Cities of Cities and Municipalitiesand Municipalities

Legend Industry Services

Agriculture

126126126 Regionial Physical Framework Plan Volume 2

2.5 Family Income and Poverty Situation access to basic services and livelihood and employment opportunities to help alleviate poverty. The region’s poverty incidence or the proportion of families living below the poverty The province of Quezon has the highest poverty threshold was recorded at 16.05 percent in the year incidence among the provinces at 34.10 percent in 2000 showing a decrease from 33.86 percent in 1991. 2000. This shows a significant decline from 53.9 This is significantly lower in comparison with the percent in 1991, or about 139,677 families. Despite national poverty incidence for the same year. Efforts the decline, Quezon still accounts for the highest of the government to alleviate poverty gained number of poor families or 40 percent of total poor favorable outcome as the number of poor families families in the region. Of the total poor families in declined from 371,000 to 274,778 families between Quezon, ninety-six thousand families live in the rural 1994 to 1997. However, a total of 12,695 more areas and rely mainly on farming and fishing families fell below the poverty line by 2000. The activities for their livelihood. Quezon is ranked slump in the regional economy in 1998 brought by among the 44 poorest provinces in the country. the El Niño/La Niña Phenomenon and the Asean financial crisis adversely affected the poor Meanwhile, Rizal has the lowest poverty communities especially those slightly above the incidence at 8.0 percent and also the lowest in terms poverty line. The immigration of poor families from of number of poor families at 27,555. The provinces Metro Manila and the nearby provinces of MIMAROPA of Batangas, Cavite and Laguna post rates of poverty contributed also to the increased poverty incidence incidence at 20.90 percent, 10.80 percent and 8.6 in the CALABARZON. percent, respectively. Although Cavite and Rizal have lower rates of poverty incidence, the poverty In view of the above, poverty alleviation is one data would show that the biggest increments in the of the major concerns of the region. Poverty number of poor families have been in Cavite at continues to be prevalent in the rural areas as more 15,437 and Rizal at 10,984 families, mostly in the than 60 percent of the total poor families in the urban areas. This can be attributed to the in- region live therein. Nevertheless, poor families in migration and relocation of squatters from both the rural and urban areas should be given equal neighboring areas.

Table 2.81 Poverty Incidence

Provinces Indicators Philippines CALABARZON Batangas Cavite Laguna Quezon Rizal Incidence of Families 1991 39.9 33.86 37.5 18.9 25.6 53.9 26.9 1994 35.5 31.48 36.5 11.6 18.8 48.3 18.4 1997 31.8 18.63 22.1 8 12.3 36.5 8.3 2000 33.7 16.05 20.9 10.2 8.6 34.1 8.0 Magnitude of Poor Families 1991 4,780,865 371,879 80,200 47,781 61,010 139,677 43,211 1994 4,531,170 371,000 107,797 28,706 55,162 147,247 32,088 1997 4,511,151 274,778 71,530 22,647 40,874 123,156 16,571 2000 5,139,565 287,473 71,688 38,084 33,412 116,734 27,555 Source of basic data: NSO

127127127

Appendix Table No. 1 Selected Non-Metallic Minerals / Volume of Production CALABARZON, 1998 - 2002

Commodity/Prov. Unit 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Aggregates (Cu.M.) 1,515,280 2,023,719 855,438 1,259,932 3,869,005 Laguna 132,116 238,666 129,043 128,371 197,388 Quezon 4,118 9,978 5,670 170,600 Rizal 1,383,164 1,780,935 716,417 1,125,891 3,501,017 Ball Clay (Cu.M.) 2,520 1,440 1,200 600 Quezon 2,520 1,440 1,200 600 Basalt (Cu.M.) 425,388 210,178 1,579,683 842,854 Rizal 425,388 210,178 1,579,683 842,854 Base Course (Cu.M.) 70,384 51,949 40,886 104,142 Laguna 34,261 70,223 51,949 40,375 102,977 Quezon 34,261 161 511 145 Rizal 1,020 Blasted Rock (Cu.M.) 132,221 203,685 176,883 83 121,726 Laguna 132,221 203,685 176,883 121,579 Quezon 83 147 Cascajo (Cu.M.) 274 28,101 103,626 60,637 Quezon 274 28,101 103,626 60,637 Cement Bags 8,016,050 16,050,503 13,328,787 28,937,030 Batangas 8,016,050 16,050,503 13,328,787 17,371,448 Rizal 11,565,582 Cinder Black M.T. 8,160 32,805 9,300 4,090 1,900 Laguna 8,160 32,805 9,300 4,090 1,900 Filling Materials (Cu.M.) 155,266 159,41 85,090 107,897 86,940 Batangas 23,810 Cavite 49,299 6,170 Laguna 91,810 103,347 72,620 31,483 69,078 Quezon 224 23,464 12,470 15,214 17,862 Rizal 14,003 2,627 61,200 Limestone (Cu.M.) 35,918 1,090,599 1,551,330 2,731,394 2,783,433 Batangas 261,120 1,533,054 663,668 Quezon 17,427 24,149 25,580 20,548 31,037 Rizal 618,491 1,066,450 1,264,630 1,177,792 2,088,728

130130130 Commodity/Prov. Unit 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Sand and Gravel (Cu.M.) 1,413,580 1,179,810 827,171 938,802 126,540 Batangas 25,998 24,330 32,665 27,048 1,689 Laguna 182,555 14,183 6,623 3,100 3,346 Quezon 188,294 660,920 275,842 326,262 90,846 Rizal 1,016,733 480,377 512,041 582,392 30,659 Selected Barrow (Cu.M.) 4,355 4,945 218 25,680 352 Laguna 4,355 4,945 159 2,422 352 Quezon 59 743 Rizal 22,515 Shale M.T. 9,294 75,070 297,264 96,242 Batangas 75,070 295,840 96,242 Rizal 9,294 1,424 Silica M.T. 50,757 6,996 111,272 26 Batangas 16,767 26 Appendix Table No. 1 Quezon Selected Non-Metallic Minerals / Volume of Production 150 CALABARZON, 1998 - 2002 Rizal 50,757 6,996 94,355 Silicious Clay M.T. 77,997 32,540 Rizal 77,997 32,540 Soil (Cu.M.) 25,523 5,731 5,966 11,085 30,299 Batangas 17,386 Cavite 8,137 5,675 5,966 5,281 30,299 Quezon 56 29 Rizal 5,775 Stones, Cobbles, Boulders (Cu.M.) 41,111 24,313 10,650 28,434 22,356 Batangas 7,949 8,916 15,490 Laguna 19,650 12,556 6,507 7,059 4,380 Quezon 13,496 2,764 4,143 5,883 17,976 Rizal 16 77

SOURCE: Summary of Non-Metallic Mineral Production, CY 1998-2002 MGB Region IV-A

131131131 Appendix Table No. 2 List of Special Economic Zones CALABARZON, As of January 2004

Total Area Province Ecozone / Location Developer / Operator (in hectares)

Batangas Industrial Estate - Maligaya, Rosario, Batangas Brystol Realty Development Corp. 50

Cocochem Agro-Industrial Park - Aplaya & Danglayan, United Coconut Chemicals, Inc. 42 Bauan, Batangas

Filinvest Technology Park Tanauan - Pantay Matanda, Filinvest Land, Inc. 100.73 Tanauan, Batangas

First Batangas Industrial Park - Mang-hinao & Balayong, First Batangas Industrial Park, Inc. 53.81 Bauan, Batangas

First Batangas Industrial Park II - Mang-hinao & Balayong, First Batangas Industrial Park, Inc. 50.32 Bauan, Batangas

First Philippine Industrial Park - Sta. Anastacia, Sto. Tomas, First Philippine Industrial Park, Inc. 72.99 B Batangas First Philippine Industrial Park Expansion - Pantay Bata & First Philippine Industrial Park, Inc. 62.08 A Ulango, Tanauan, Batangas

First Philippine Industrial Park Second Expansion - Pantay First Philippine Industrial Park, Inc. 89.14 T Bata & Ulango, Tanauan, Batangas

Guoco Industrial Center - San Pedro & San Pablo, Sto Tomas Guoco Property Devt. Inc. 32.43 A Batangas N Harbour Town - Calayo, Nasugbu, Batangas Fil-Estate Land, Inc. 191.4 Light Industry & Science Park III -San Rafael & Sta. RFM-Science Park of the Phils., 134.8 G Anastacia, Sto. Tomas, Batangas Inc. Lima Technology Center (Lipa) - San Lucas, Bugtong na Dulo Lima Land, Inc. 171.02 A & Inosluban, Lipa Lima Technology Center (Malvar) - Santiago & Payapa, 109.15 S Malvar, Batangas Philtown Technology Park - Trapiche, Pagaspas & Baloc- Philippine Townships, Inc. 66.63 Baloc, Tanauan, Batangas

Rancho Montana Ecozone - Luyos, Sulpoc & Rancho Montana Inc. 900 Suplang,Tanauan, Batangas

RLC Special Economic Zone - Simlong, Batangas City, Robinson's Realty & Management 87.43 Batangas Corp.

South Coast Ecozone - Papaya, Nasugbu, Batangas Manila South Coast Development 195.54 Corp.

Tabangao Special Economic Zone - Tabangao, Batangas Shellgas Philippines, Inc. 86

132132132 Appendix Table No. 2 List of Special Economic Zones CALABARZON, As of January 2004

Total Area Province Ecozone / Location Developer / Operator (in hectares) Cavite Economic Zone - Rosario, Cavite Philippine Economic Zone Authority 278.51 Cavite Economic Zone (Annexation) - Bacao, Gen. Trias, Majestic Landscape Corporation 9.87 Cavite Cavite Eco-Industrial Estate - Pasong Kawayan II, Gen. Trias, Cavite Eco-Industrial Estate Corp. 104.95 Cavite Cavite Productivity Economic Zone - Sahud-Ulan, Tanza, Cavite Productivity & Economic 116.22 Cavite Zone Corp. Best World Technopark - Batas, Silang, Cavite Best World Land International, Inc. 145.06 Cambridge Intelligent Park - McSpec Realty Ventures, Corp. 86 Malinta, Dasmariñas, Cavite Daiichi Industrial Park - Maguyam, Silang, Cavite Daiichi Property Ventures, Inc. 55.02 EMI Special Economic Zone - EMI-Jolou Realty, Inc. 12.2 Anabu II, Imus, Cavite C Fil-Estate Industrial Park - Trece Martirez City and Tanza, Fil-Estate Industrial Park, Inc. 80.62 Cavite A Filinvest Technology Park Cavite - Hugo Perez,Trece Filinvest Land, Inc 86 Martirez, Cavite V Filoil Special Economic Zone - Rosario, Cavite Filoil Development and 50.32 Management Corp. Filoil Special Economic Zone II - Rosario, Cavite Filoil Development and 122.28 I Management Corp. T First Cavite Industrial Estate - Langkaan, Dasmariñas, Cavite First Cavite Industrial Estate, Inc. 59.78 Gateway Business Park -Javalera, Gen. Trias, Cavite Gateway Property Holdings, Inc. 27.81 Gateway Business Park (Expansion I)- Javalera, Gen. Trias, Gateway Property Holdings, Inc. 82.25 E Cavite Golden Mile Business Park - Governor's Drive, Maduya, Golden Mile Resources 38 Carmona, Cavite Development Corporation Marcelo IPG Industrial & Aqua Farming Park - Bacoor Bay, Marcelo Biotech, Inc. 150 Cavite City PEC Industrial Park - Buenavista, General Trias, Cavite Philippine Estates Corporation 177 People's Technology Complex - Maduya, Carmona, Cavite ROHM Realty, Inc. 52.99 Petroleum Industry Economic Zone - Munting Mapino, Naic, Jetti Industrial Development 15 Cavite Corporation Sterling Technopark SEZ - Maguyam, Silang & Bancal and S.P. Properties, Inc. 100 Lantic, Carmona, Cavite Taipan Gold Industrial Park - Defuego & San Francisco, Gen. Taipan Gold Empire Corporation 100 Trias, Cavite

133133133 Appendix Table No. 2 List of Special Economic Zones CALABARZON, As of January 2004

Total Area Province Ecozone / Location Developer / Operator (in hectares) Allegis Information Technology Park - Barangay Tulo, Allegis Realty Holdings Corporation 5.71 Calamba, Laguna Carmelray Industrial Park I - Canlubang, Calamba, Laguna Carmelray Industrial Corporation 50.75 Carmelray Industrial Park II - Punta & Tulo, Calamba, Laguna JTCI Corporation 143.03 Carmelray International Business Park - Canlubang, Carmelray Industrial Corporation 40 Calamba, Laguna Filinvest Technology Park - Punta & Burol- Bubuyan, Calamba Filinvest Land, Inc. 51.07 Calamba, Laguna Greenfield Automotive Park - Don Jose, Sta. Rosa, Laguna Balibago Land Corporation 50.01 Greenfield Automotive Park (Expansion) - Don Jose, Sta. Balibago Land Corporation 15.94 Rosa, Laguna Greenfield Industrial Center Ecozone - Bungahan and Greenfield Industrial Center (Biñan) 44.35 Mamplasan, Biñan, Laguna Inc. L Laguna International Industrial Park - Ganado & Mamplasan, Laguna International Industrial 34.88 Biñan, Laguna Park, Inc. A Laguna Technopark I - Biñan, Laguna Laguna Technopark, Inc. 75.19 G Laguna Technopark II -Binang, Biñan, Laguna Laguna Technopark, Inc. 67.74 Laguna Technopark III - Loma & Timbao, Biñan, Laguna Laguna Technopark, Inc. 96.39 U Laguna Technopark IV -Don Jose, Sta. Rosa, Laguna Laguna Technopark, Inc. 50.63 N LTI - Alaminos - San Andres & San Juan, Alaminos, Laguna Laguna Technopark, Inc. 254 Light Industry & Science Park I - Diezmo, Cabuyao, Laguna Science Park of the Phils., Inc. 69.06 A Light Industry & Science Park II - Real & La Mesa, Calamba, Science Park of the Phils., Inc. 63.71 Laguna Calamba Premiere International Park - Batino, Parian & Starworld Corporation 65.63 Barandal, Calamba, Laguna Prince Cabuyao Special Economic Zone - Banlic, Cabuyao, Matayog Properties Real Estate 25.45 Laguna Inc. Southwoods Ecocentrum Tourism Estate, Halang, Biñan, Fil-Estate Ecocentrum Corporation 76.03 Laguna Toyota Sta. Rosa (Laguna) Special Zone - Pulong Sta. Cruz, Toyota Motors Philippines, Corp. 25 Sta. Rosa, Laguna Toyota Sta. Rosa (Laguna) Special Economic Zone II - Toyota Motors Philippines 52.67 Pulong Sta. Cruz, Sta. Rosa, Laguna Corporation YTMI Realty Special Economic Zone - Brgy. Makiling, YTMI Realty Corporation 20.66 Calamba, Laguna

134134134 Appendix Table No. 2 List of Special Economic Zones CALABARZON, As of January 2004

Total Area Province Ecozone / Location Developer / Operator (in hectares)

Pagbilao Industrial & Science Park - Ibabang Polo, Pagbilao, MCS Tanunliong, Inc. 198 Q Quezon U E Quezon International Center - Mangalan & Quiling, Sariaya, Quezon International Devt. Corp. 350 Z Quezon O N

Eastbay Arts, Recreational and Tourism Zone - San Roque, Prime East Properties, Inc. 26.68 Angono, Rizal and Darangan, Binangonan, Rizal R

I Rizal Industrial Estate - San Andres & Cuyambay, Tanay, Provincial Government of Rizal 326 Z Rizal A Filinvest Technology Park Teresa - Dalig, Teresa, Rizal Filinvest Land, Inc. 26.6 L

SOURCE: Philippine Economic Zone Authority

Note: (*) Includes Ecozones that are operating, proclaimed and development in progress)

135135135 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 22 33.92 15.597 63.259 83.986 247.666 925.608 Total FPIP LISP II LISP LISP I LISP 666 LTC 70 58 LTI (In Million Pesos) (In Million CIP 78.161 Special Ecozones LIIP CALABARZON, 1997 CALABARZON, Appendix Table No. 3 DIP 60.921 159.7 Ecozone Industry by Investment GBP 22 33.92 FCIE 15.597 4 17.966 63.259 83.986 62.526 CEPZ Regular Ecozone Zone / Public Industry Non-ferrous metal basic industries Industrial chemicals Food Wearing apparel Manufacture of luggage, bags, tannings Paper & paper products Rubber products mineral Non-metallic products Iron & steel basic industries Textiles Pottery, china & earthenware Leather & leather products Wood & wood products Plastic products

136136136 15 3.051 401.508 125.501 2,054.02 1,599.48 1,318.04 3,521.44 37,482.29 47,916.37 Total FPIP 1,946.00 1,946.00 ; LIIP-; CIP Park; Ind'l. Int'l. Laguna ; LIIP-; CIP Park; Ind'l. Int'l. Laguna 207.187 207.187 LISP II LISP IP - IP Ind'l. Park Phil. First IP - IP Ind'l. Park Phil. First 113.8 66.656 178.717 248.542 LISP I LISP 3,665.16 4,272.88 750 319.3 LTC 2,764.20 4,499.50 857.1 5.376 LTI 1,573.00 1,578.45 17,892.11 22,034.03 (In Million Pesos) (In Million CIP Special Ecozones 3,942.60 4,020.76 286.5 3.051 200.83 940.42 LIIP 450.039 CALABARZON, 1997 Appendix Table No. 3 DIP 60.921 67 Ecozone Industry Investment by GBP 8,800.20 9,026.90 15 48.4 37.508 33.754 FCIE 195.944 402.123 10.5 21.25 75.04 47.923 25.091 21.031 73.081 505.653 CEPZ Regular Zone / Public Ecozone Industry SOURCE: PEZA -Carmelray Park; LTI Ind'l. - LagunaTechnopark, - Inc.; LTC Technology Lima Center; LISP I & II- Light Industry Science & Park;FP Legend: CEPZ-Cavite Export Processng Zone; FCIE-Cavite First Ind'l. Estate; Business GBP-Gateway Park; DIP-Ind'l. Park Daiichi Fabricated metal products Electronics/electrical machinery Other eqpt. & instruments Transport eqpt. Other manufacturing industries Legend: CEPZ-Cavite Export Processng Zone; FCIE-Cavite First Ind'l. Estate; Business GBP-Gateway Park; DIP-Ind'l. Park Daiichi Manufacture of semiconductor devices Optical instrument & instrument Optical photographic SOURCE: PEZA -Carmelray Park; LTI Ind'l. - LagunaTechnopark, - Inc.; LTC Technology Lima Center; LISP I & II- Light Industry Science & Park;FP Furnitures & fixtures Machinery except electrical Total

137137137