World Bank Document

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

World Bank Document 37741 Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized 37741 The World Bank Group GEOGRAPHY ECONOMY / SOCIETY 1818 H Street, N. W. Country Of ce Manila Area: Total ..................................... 300,000 sq. km GDP (2005) .................................................. 5,379 B Washington D. C. 20433, U.S.A. 23rd Floor, The Taipan Place Land ..................................... 298,170 sq. km GDP growth rate (2005) ..................................5.1% Tel: 202-473-1000 F. Ortigas Jr. Ave. (formerly Emerald Ave.) Water ....................................... 1,830 sq. km GDP – composition by sector: Fax:202-477-6391 Ortigas Center, Pasig City, Philippines Boundaries: Agriculture ................................................14% www.worldbank.org Tel: 63-2-637-5855 to 64 North: Balintang Channel Industry .....................................................33% Fax:63-2-637-5870; 917-3050 South: Sulu and Celebes Seas Services ......................................................53% www.worldbank.org.ph East: Philippine Sea/Pacific Ocean Unemployment rate (2005): ..........................10.3% West: South China Sea Gross Domestic Investment/GDP: ..............15.7% December 2005 Coastline: .............................................. 36,289 km Exports of goods and services/GDP: ...........46.4% Maritime claims: Gross domestic savings/GDP: .....................20.1% Total territorial water area incl. Gross national savings/GDP: .......................18.2% Exclusive Economic Zone . 2,200,000 sq. km Industrial production growth rate: ...............5.3% Coastal ................................. 266,000 sq. km Agricultural production growth rate: ...........2.0% Oceanic ............................. 1,934,000 sq. km Agriculture-products: rice, coconut, corn, Continental shelf area .......... 184,600 sq. km sugarcane, banana, hog, broiler chicken, Climate: Tropical: northeast monsoon layer chicken, carabao, beef cattle, dairy (Nov. to April); southwest monsoon cattle, duck, goat, chicken eggs, duck The Philippines The Philippines The Philippines (May to October) sardines, milkfish, oyster, mussels, tilapia, Environment Monitor 2000 Environment Monitor 2002 Environment Monitor 2004 Terrain: Mostly mountains, with narrow to catfish, tuna, shrimps, seaweed presented snapshots of the on air quality. provided updates on the state general environmental trends of the Philippine environment extensive coastal lowlands Exports (2005): .....................................PhP2,496.6 B in the country. The Philippines The Philippines and natural resources. Elevation extremes: Imports (2005): ....................................PhP2,533.9 B Environment Monitor 2001 Environment Monitor 2003 on solid waste management. on water quality. Lowest point ................. Philippine Sea 0 m Exchange Rate:......................................... 54.04 PhP Highest point ....................Mt. Apo 2,954 m Population (2005): ............................... 85.2 million Natural resources: timber, nickel, cobalt, silver, Population growth rate: ..................................2.2% This document was prepared by a World Bank Team composed of Mdmes./Messrs. Bebet Gozun, Anna van der Heijden, gold, salt, copper, petroleum Urban population (% of total population): ....62.6 Jitendra Shah (Task Team Leader), Maria Consuelo Sy, Josefo Tuyor, Maya G. Villaluz. The NORDECO team who Land use: Birth rate (2003): .................25.1/1,000 population assisted in drafting this report include: Arne Jensen, Aage Jørgensen, Flora Santos Leocadio, Rose-Liza Eisma-Osorio, Rina Maria Rosales, Alan White. The Hotspot maps produced were provided by Jessie Floren while the photographs were Arable land ..............................................19% Death rate (2003): .................5.1/1,000 population provided by: Finn Danielsen, Luna Ipat, Arne Jensen, Ingvar Bundgaard Jensen, Rose-Liza Eisma-Osorio, and Alan Permanent pastures ................................. 4% Infant mortality rate (2003): ...27/1,000 live birth White. The document was peer reviewed by Messrs. Marea Hatziolos, Idah Pswarayi-Riddihough, Gilbert Braganza and Permanent crops .....................................12% Access to safe water Ronald Zweig of The World Bank. Overall management and technical guidance provided by Mdmes./Messrs Joachim von Forest & wetlands ...................................46% Amsberg, Teresa Serra, Magda Lovei, and Dan Biller are gratefully acknowledged. (% of population 2003): ........................80%** Others .....................................................19% Access to sanitation Ms. Anju Sachdeva coordinated the cover design (by Mr. James Cantrell), layout, and production. The document was printed at Raintree Trading & Publishing Corp., Metro Manila, Philippines Environment – International agreements: (% of population 2003): .....................86.1%** party to: Climate Change, Endangered Life expectancy at birth (2003): .............69.8 years This volume is a product of the staff of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank. The ndings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper do not necessarily re ect the views of the Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Literacy (total population 2003): ...................92.3% Executive Directors of The World Bank or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Elementary participation rate (2003): ..........90.1% accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any Layer Protection, Biodiversity, Wetlands, National capital: Manila map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. Whaling, POPs Administrative divisions (July 2004): 17 regions, 79 provinces The material in this publication is copyrighted. Copying and/or transmitting portions or all of this work without permission may be a violation of applicable law. The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank Independence: June 12, 1898 encourages dissemination of its work and will normally grant permission to reproduce portions of the work promptly For permission to photocopy or reprint any part of this work, please send a request with complete information to the Sources: National Statistical Coordination Board, National Statistics Of ce, National Economic and Development Authority, Medium Term Philippine Development Plan 2001-2004 and Medium Term Development Plan 2004-2010, CIA Worldbook 2000, Bureau of Agricultural Statistics, World Health Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, USA, telephone 978-750-8400, fax 978- Organization 2004, World Development Indicator 2000, Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas. 750-4470, www.copyright.com. All other queries on rights and licenses, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to the Office of the Publisher, The World Bank, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA, fax 202-522-2422, e-mail [email protected]. PEMFinal.indb 61 26/07/2006 07:43:47 PHILIPPINES ENVIRONMENT MONITOR 2005 Foreword ................................................................................................................................... ii Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................ iii Executive Summary ................................................................................................................. iv Scorecard ................................................................................................................................... vi Hot Spot Maps .......................................................................................................................... ix Abbreviations and Acronyms ................................................................................................. xi 1. PHILIPPINE COASTAL AND MARINE RESOURCES: AN INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................... 1 Thousands of islands An abundance of species Importance of coastal ecosystems Resources of signi cant value Other ecosystem services 2. RESOURCES AND ECOSYSTEMS .............................................................................. 7 Coral reefs: “Rainforests of the sea” Mangroves: a multiple-function resource Seagrass beds, a vital resource for underwater life Beaches, foreshore, and shoreline areas Fisheries Overshing and declining sh stocks Biodiversity 3. COASTAL AND MARINE RESOURCES UNDER PRESSURE .............................. 21 Agriculture and forestry Urban and industrial development Tourism development Oil and gas exploration Minerals and mining Population growth and sh consumption Climate change 4. COASTAL AND MARINE RESOURES AND LOCAL LIVELIHOODS ............... 30 Social conditions Gender and coastal resources management Lessons learned and opportunities: Improving local livelihoods 5. LEGISLATION, POLICIES, INSTITUTIONS, AND COASTAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT ........................................................................................ 38 Legislation and institutions Sector policies and plans Integrated coastal resource management 6. CHALLENGES FOR THE FUTURE .............................................................................
Recommended publications
  • Status of Taal Lake Fishery Resources with Emphasis on the Endemic Freshwater Sardine, Sardinella Tawilis (Herre, 1927)
    The Philippine Journal of Fisheries 25Volume (1): 128-135 24 (1-2): _____ January-June 2018 JanuaryDOI 10.31398/tpjf/25.1.2017C0017 - December 2017 Status of Taal Lake Fishery Resources with Emphasis on the Endemic Freshwater Sardine, Sardinella tawilis (Herre, 1927) Maria Theresa M. Mutia1,*, Myla C. Muyot1,, Francisco B. Torres Jr.1, Charice M. Faminialagao1 1National Fisheries Research and Development Institute, 101 Corporate Bldg., Mother Ignacia St., South Triangle, Quezon City ABSTRACT Assessment of fisheries in Taal Lake was conducted from 1996-2000 and 2008-2011 to know the status of the commercially important fishes with emphasis on the endemic freshwater sardine,Sardinella tawilis. Results of the fish landed catch survey in 11 coastal towns of the lake showed a decreasing fish harvest in the open fisheries from 1,420 MT to 460 MT in 1996 to 2011. Inventory of fisherfolk, boat, and gear also decreased to 16%, 7%, and 39%, respectively from 1998 to 2011. The most dominant gear is gill net which is about 53% of the total gear used in the lake with a declining catch per unit effort (CPUE) of 11kg/day to 4 kg/day from 1997 to 2011. Active gear such as motorized push net, ring net, and beach seine also operated in the lake with a CPUE ranging from 48 kg/day to 2,504 kg/day. There were 43 fish species identified in which S. tawilis dominated the catch for the last decade. However, its harvest also declined from 744 to 71 mt in 1996 to 2011. The presence of alien species such as jaguar fish, pangasius, and black-chinned tilapia amplified in 2009.
    [Show full text]
  • JULY, 1926 a Full-Fledged Hurricane Raged up the Mexican West by Rev
    306 MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW JULY,1926 In the American tropics a small cyclone was encountered way place for its occurrence, namely, in 19' N., 125' to on the 21st,.near 19' N., 131' W., by the American 130' W. steamer Oak Park. The lowest pressure observed by the TYPHOONS AND DEPRESSlONS vessel was 29.49 inches, highest wind-force, 8. Nothing further is known of the movements of the cyclone. FOUR TYPHOONS IN THE PHILIPPINES IN JULY, 1926 A full-fledged hurricane raged up the Mexican west By Rev. Josk CORONAE,S. J. coast from the 5th until the 9th. It probably originated [Weather Bureau, Manila, P. I.] near 10' N., 97' W., moved northwestward, and was last heard from near 19' N., 110' W. Several vessels There were four typhoons in the Philippines during met this storm, but most of them encountered moderate t,he last month of July, one having passed between Luzon gales and depressions only. Two steamers, the British and the Visayas, another across northern Luzon, and the M. S. Reginolite, Capt. F. A. Germain, master and ot,her two across the Balint'ang Channel. observer, from San Pedro to Balboa, and the American The first one was an intense but very small typhoon, tank steamer Coalingga, Capt. N. E. Larson, Mr. S. wihh a radius of no more than 30 miles. It entered Samar Lindholm, second officer, Iquique to Los Angeles, during the night of the 3d to the 4th; traversed Masbate experienced heavier winds and seas, and the Coctlingn in the morning of the same day, and Romblon in the battled for hours in a full hurricane, lowest observed aft'ernoon.
    [Show full text]
  • Cruising Guide to the Philippines
    Cruising Guide to the Philippines For Yachtsmen By Conant M. Webb Draft of 06/16/09 Webb - Cruising Guide to the Phillippines Page 2 INTRODUCTION The Philippines is the second largest archipelago in the world after Indonesia, with around 7,000 islands. Relatively few yachts cruise here, but there seem to be more every year. In most areas it is still rare to run across another yacht. There are pristine coral reefs, turquoise bays and snug anchorages, as well as more metropolitan delights. The Filipino people are very friendly and sometimes embarrassingly hospitable. Their culture is a unique mixture of indigenous, Spanish, Asian and American. Philippine charts are inexpensive and reasonably good. English is widely (although not universally) spoken. The cost of living is very reasonable. This book is intended to meet the particular needs of the cruising yachtsman with a boat in the 10-20 meter range. It supplements (but is not intended to replace) conventional navigational materials, a discussion of which can be found below on page 16. I have tried to make this book accurate, but responsibility for the safety of your vessel and its crew must remain yours alone. CONVENTIONS IN THIS BOOK Coordinates are given for various features to help you find them on a chart, not for uncritical use with GPS. In most cases the position is approximate, and is only given to the nearest whole minute. Where coordinates are expressed more exactly, in decimal minutes or minutes and seconds, the relevant chart is mentioned or WGS 84 is the datum used. See the References section (page 157) for specific details of the chart edition used.
    [Show full text]
  • Sustainable Agricultural Production Systems for Food Security in a Changing Climate in Batanes, Philippines
    Journal of Developments in Sustainable Agriculture 9: 111-119 (2014) Sustainable Agricultural Production Systems for Food Security in a Changing Climate in Batanes, Philippines Lucille Elna P. de Guzman1, Oscar B. Zamora1, 2,JoanPaulineP.Talubo3* and Cesar Doroteo V. Hostallero4 1 Crop Science Cluster, College of Agriculture, University of the Philippines Los Baños 2 Office of the Vice-Chancellor for Academic Affairs, University of the Philippines Los Baños 3 Department of Community and Environmental Resource Planning, College of Human Ecology, University of the Philippines Los Baños 4 Office of the Provincial Agriculturist, Basco, Batanes, Philippines Climate change could have significant impacts in the Philippines on large sections of the population who are poor and vulnerable, especially those who live in areas prone to coastal storms, drought and sea level rise. The sectors mostly affected by climate change are agriculture and food security because of the risk of low productivity due to increasing temperature, drought, and increasing frequency and intensity of rainfall that brings about floods and land- slides. Located in the northernmost tip of the country, the Batanes group of islands lies on the country’s typhoon belt. Because of vulnerability and isolation from the rest of the archipelago, the Ivatans have developed self-sufficient, organic and climate-resilient crop production systems. This paper presents the indigenous crop production systems that have made the Ivatans food self-sufficient despite vulnerability of their agroecosystem. A typical Ivatan farmer owns 3-7 parcels of land. Each parcel has an average size of 300-500 m2.Farmers practice a rootcrop-based multiple cropping system with specific spatial arrangements of corn (Zea mays), gabi (Colocasia esculenta), yam (Dioscorea alata) and tugui (Dioscorea esculenta), using corn stover, hardwood trees or a local reed called viyawu (Miscanthus sp.) as trellis.
    [Show full text]
  • Checklist of Fish and Invertebrates Listed in the CITES Appendices
    JOINTS NATURE \=^ CONSERVATION COMMITTEE Checklist of fish and mvertebrates Usted in the CITES appendices JNCC REPORT (SSN0963-«OStl JOINT NATURE CONSERVATION COMMITTEE Report distribution Report Number: No. 238 Contract Number/JNCC project number: F7 1-12-332 Date received: 9 June 1995 Report tide: Checklist of fish and invertebrates listed in the CITES appendices Contract tide: Revised Checklists of CITES species database Contractor: World Conservation Monitoring Centre 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge, CB3 ODL Comments: A further fish and invertebrate edition in the Checklist series begun by NCC in 1979, revised and brought up to date with current CITES listings Restrictions: Distribution: JNCC report collection 2 copies Nature Conservancy Council for England, HQ, Library 1 copy Scottish Natural Heritage, HQ, Library 1 copy Countryside Council for Wales, HQ, Library 1 copy A T Smail, Copyright Libraries Agent, 100 Euston Road, London, NWl 2HQ 5 copies British Library, Legal Deposit Office, Boston Spa, Wetherby, West Yorkshire, LS23 7BQ 1 copy Chadwick-Healey Ltd, Cambridge Place, Cambridge, CB2 INR 1 copy BIOSIS UK, Garforth House, 54 Michlegate, York, YOl ILF 1 copy CITES Management and Scientific Authorities of EC Member States total 30 copies CITES Authorities, UK Dependencies total 13 copies CITES Secretariat 5 copies CITES Animals Committee chairman 1 copy European Commission DG Xl/D/2 1 copy World Conservation Monitoring Centre 20 copies TRAFFIC International 5 copies Animal Quarantine Station, Heathrow 1 copy Department of the Environment (GWD) 5 copies Foreign & Commonwealth Office (ESED) 1 copy HM Customs & Excise 3 copies M Bradley Taylor (ACPO) 1 copy ^\(\\ Joint Nature Conservation Committee Report No.
    [Show full text]
  • Review of the Benefits of No-Take Zones
    1 Preface This report was commissioned by the Wildlife Conservation Society to support a three-year project aimed at expanding the area of no-take, or replenishment, zones to at least 10% of the territorial sea of Belize by the end of 2015. It is clear from ongoing efforts to expand Belize’s no-take zones that securing support for additional fishery closures requires demonstrating to fishers and other stakeholders that such closures offer clear and specific benefits to fisheries – and to fishers. Thus, an important component of the national expansion project has been to prepare a synthesis report of the performance of no-take zones, in Belize and elsewhere, in replenishing fisheries and conserving biodiversity, with the aim of providing positive examples, elucidating the factors contributing to positive results, and developing scientific arguments and data that can be used to generate and sustain stakeholder support for no-take expansion. To this end, Dr. Craig Dahlgren, a recognized expert in marine protected areas and fisheries management, with broad experience in the Caribbean, including Belize, was contracted to prepare this synthesis report. The project involved an in-depth literature review of no-take areas and a visit to Belize to conduct consultations with staff of the Belize Fisheries Department, marine reserve managers, and fishermen, collect information and national data, and identify local examples of benefits of no-take areas. In November 2013, Dr. Dahlgren presented his preliminary results to the Replenishment Zone Project Steering Committee, and he subsequently incorporated feedback received from Steering Committee members and WCS staff in this final report.
    [Show full text]
  • 5 Days 4 Nights Gong Xi in Manila
    191115/MS/FL 5 DAYS 4 NIGHTS GONG XI IN MANILA MINIMUM 16 PAX TO GO [GITMNL160210] Departure Date: 10TH – 14TH FEBUARY 2016 PACKAGE RATE PER PERSON: TWIN @ BND$1537 / SINGLE @ BND1989 [CASH ONLY] …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…………………………………………………………………………. Day 1 MANILA - ARRIVAL (Dinner) INCLUDES Meet & greet by our airport representative • Accommodation Precede shopping at SM Mall of Asia then proceed for hotel check-in • Meals as indicated Pick up hotel for Dinner with cultural show at local restaurant (Show starts 7:15PM) • Transportation as Indicated Day 2 MANILA - VILLA ESCUDERO TOUR (Breakfast/Lunch/Dinner) • Tour guide Breakfast at hotel • International air Pick up hotel for Villa Escudero Tour with Lunch Tickets *Known for its actual coconut plantation set amidst a pastoral grove of coconut palms, verdant fields and • Airport tax and mountains bringing one back to the old days of plantation life. The estate is considered as a living museum that provides a unique Philippine experience; where carabao cart ride, cultural show (Friday to Sunday & Holidays); Fuel surcharges Lunch at Labasin waterfalls; bamboo rafting are introduced. • Tipping Back to manila and dinner at local restaurant Day 3 MANILA - TAGAYTAY SIGHTSEEING TOUR - SHOPPING - SUNSET CRUISE (Breakfast/Lunch/Dinner) EXCLUDES Breakfast at hotel •Travel insurance 8:30AM Pick up hotel for Tagaytay Sightseeing Tour with lunch • Visa if required *At elevation 2,500 feet above sea level, Tagaytay as gateway to Taal Volcano has been called the smallest active volcano in the world. It is located about 70-km south of Manila on an island inside a lake called Taal Lake. It is more unique because of the fact that the volcano itself has a lake of its own inside its crater which is called the "Crater Lake” and Taal Lake via a winding road that leads to Talisay town below is also known as the summer REMARKS: capital of Southern Luzon because of its cool highland weather.
    [Show full text]
  • THE Official Magazine of the OCEANOGRAPHY SOCIETY
    OceThe OFFiciala MaganZineog OF the Oceanographyra Spocietyhy CITATION Rudnick, D.L., S. Jan, L. Centurioni, C.M. Lee, R.-C. Lien, J. Wang, D.-K. Lee, R.-S. Tseng, Y.Y. Kim, and C.-S. Chern. 2011. Seasonal and mesoscale variability of the Kuroshio near its origin. Oceanography 24(4):52–63, http://dx.doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2011.94. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2011.94 COPYRIGHT This article has been published inOceanography , Volume 24, Number 4, a quarterly journal of The Oceanography Society. Copyright 2011 by The Oceanography Society. All rights reserved. USAGE Permission is granted to copy this article for use in teaching and research. Republication, systematic reproduction, or collective redistribution of any portion of this article by photocopy machine, reposting, or other means is permitted only with the approval of The Oceanography Society. Send all correspondence to: [email protected] or The Oceanography Society, PO Box 1931, Rockville, MD 20849-1931, USA. downloaded From http://www.tos.org/oceanography SPECIAL IssUE ON THE OCEANOGRAPHY OF TAIWAN Seasonal and Mesoscale Variability of the Kuroshio Near Its Origin BY DANIEL L. RUdnICK, SEN JAN, LUCA CENTURIONI, CRAIG M. LEE, REN-CHIEH LIEN, JOE WANG, DONG-KYU LEE, RUO-SHAN TsENG, YOO YIN KIM, And CHING-SHENG CHERN Underwater photo of a glider taken off Palau just before recovery. Note the barnacle growth on the glider, fish underneath, and the twin hulls of a catamaran used for recovery in the distance. Photo credit: Robert Todd 52 Oceanography | Vol.24, No.4 AbsTRACT. The Kuroshio is the most important current in the North Pacific.
    [Show full text]
  • Explore Over 30,000 Kilometers of Unspoiled Coastline
    Exploreover 30,000 kilometersof unspoiledcoastline. 'lk .- i?n i- Rwr r.'i WTLDL|FE( ..: !.:n UNDERCROTJNDR|VER r,.r.1r lrr 5r tr ili .rtrI r,,!! ,i , ( rr ,r,1 . !rL! 4 .,!, 1 ..rirI[':,b!] , I r"! i.r . r. l: lloi r..: , :r,l I rl r . rjl-:L ri iir rn ri Rf.! r (r, P. n . ,, rr.Efl )rr.r1.:r !. ,. tr.r.rtr r.ri!trj) , r, rr rtrl rL !i! i ,.i 1 r r,t.trr rlr \..r I r.r oi r..f,\ rr.1artrf.r i AITCHAEOLOCICALHUNTS f.,.,;,.,,r, r L,Lrrr.j r,r1.c.,L.i | !. I wwwcxpcri.nccphirippn.5.ph \ t rr- TEF Nqhl ife IYATERFUN, The bea.hbeckons fo.some serious swimhins, dr iu* wadinE BoRncnv by lhe shore.For the moreadive va.arioneB, windsurling and parsailins sears are gofacay is paradlsefor .efrified sun-worshippeB all over the world. In rcadiy available.Go saiingwiih the helpof lo.alsaculely attuned ro the lac!. o.al and foreign tourlsts have made Boa.a/ rheir yeady d$t nation. OtheE hav€.hosen io I ve on thh haven. BEACHCOMAING.There are over a dozenbea.hes dor ngthe nands:White Sheltered from rhe flerce e6reny ttphoois, eor(ay is on the Beach.D niwid.Balngha. Mano. nanoc, aid CaebanBeach. among orhe6. nofrhwe$ern tip olPanay nAkld, aproviice ontheVisays hland known work on your tan, reada book, .eld and havea msage White 3e&h, probally for its colodul AtiAtlhan fe$ival. lhe mo* famoussvetch in the .ounrry,teatures briSht. fne sandand prkdne Boracay! thdusand-h*tars boat of all the eemen$ of a ropi.al paradite <r)std bue waters, powder while sand, swaynS ropi.al palms,flowering plants,and a heahhyand div€rsemarine ile.
    [Show full text]
  • Coral Reef Education in Schools of Quintana Roo, Mexico R
    Ocean & Coastal Management 42 (1999) 1061}1068 Coral reef education in schools of Quintana Roo, Mexico R. RodrmH guez-MartmH nez!,*, L.M. OrtmH z" !Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnologn&a, Universidad Nacional Auto& noma de Me& xico, Ap. Postal 1152, 77500 Cancu& n, Q. Roo, Mexico "Centro Ukana I Akumal A.C., Ap. Postal 2. 77760 Akumal, Q. Roo, Mexico Abstract Coral reefs are vital to the livelihood of coastal communities in Quintana Roo, MeH xico and the preservation of these ecosystems relies on the establishment of protected areas. Education should be one of the most important management tools in coral reef preservation. Surveys were made among primary and secondary school students of Quintana Roo to determine the level of education regarding coral reefs and their importance. Students had little awareness about reefs. Coverage of coral reef issues is insu$cient in school curricula and information media. Many students will leave school and become users of the reef with little understanding of it and of the consequences of exploitation of the reef. Creation of marine parks has not increased education and public awareness. There is an immediate need to establish appropriate and continuously available educational programs in order to preserve coral reefs. Education should encourage codes of behavior and community support to management issues. ( 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. 1. Introduction The State of Quintana Roo, located in the eastern side of the YucataH n peninsula, is the largest tourist destination in MeH xico with over four million visitors in 1997. In 1995, the population of Quintana Roo was 703,536 with 48% under 19-years-old [1].
    [Show full text]
  • Sustainable Environment Protection Project for Panglao in Philippines
    REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES THE PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT OF BOHOL SUSTAINABLE ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION PROJECT FOR PANGLAO IN PHILIPPINES PROJECT COMPLETION REPORT NOVEMBER 2015 JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY NIPPON KOEI CO., LTD. 1R NJS CONSULTANTS CO., LTD. JR 15-051 REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES THE PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT OF BOHOL SUSTAINABLE ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION PROJECT FOR PANGLAO IN PHILIPPINES PROJECT COMPLETION REPORT NOVEMBER 2015 JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY NIPPON KOEI CO., LTD. NJS CONSULTANTS CO., LTD. EXCHANGE RATE (As of September 2015) US Dollar (US$) 1.00 = Philippines Peso (PHP) 46.65 Philippines Peso (PHP) 1.00 = Japanese Yen (¥) 2.611 ccLocation Map Sustainable Environment Protection Project for Panglao Project Completion Report Sustainable Environment Protection Project for Panglao Project Completion Report Table of Contents Location Map List of Tables ………………………………………………………………………………………......iv List of Figures …………………………………………………………………………………………..v List of Abbreviations… . ……………………………………………………………………………..…vi 1. OUTLINE OF THE PROJECT ....................................................................................................... 1 1.1. Background of the Project ................................................................................................ 1 1.2. Structure of the Project ..................................................................................................... 1 1.3. Project Area .....................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • APO REEF - CORON 7D6N (14 Dives) As of 18 Nov 2019 Travel Period: January - March
    APO REEF - CORON 7D6N (14 dives) As of 18 Nov 2019 Travel Period: January - March Day 1 - Departure from Bauan Port, Batangas. Embarkation time is between 1-3pm Boat Briefing – Dinner Day 2 - Apo Reef (3 dives) Non-divers: After Breakfast we will leave the ship for a full day on “Apo mayor- the biggest island in the park. The island is surrounded by a white sand beach, clear blue waters and very rich reefs of both hard and soft coral. There is an inland lagoon to visit as well as a lighthouse to climb. Some of the best snorkeling can be found here. For lunch we have a beautiful area with picnic tables shaded by leafy trees. Divers: Apo Reef is regarded as one of the world's best diving locations. We will make a total of 3 dives today. You can look forward to some spectacular dives with visibility of up to 40 m or better. The reef begins at five meters depth, descending to approximately 40 m. The first dive will be a check out dive where you will be asked to demonstrate the 3 basic skills, mask clearing, regulator recovery and buoyancy control. Day 3 - Barracuda Lake – Twin Peaks - Siete Pecados (7 Islands) - Maquinit Hot Spring- Kayangan Lake (3 dives) Non-divers will visit award winning Kayangan Lake after breakfast . Snorkel along the edges of the lake to see what the pinnacles look like underwater. Some guests have compared it to the home of Superman. We return to the ship for lunch and then we will have a snorkeling expedition at Siete Pecados and a visit to Maquinit Hot Spring.
    [Show full text]