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Stratigrafi Bahasa Dan Dialek Di Daerah Tapal Kuda: Upaya Lokalisasi Bahasa Dan Budaya Guna Penentuan Muatan Lokal Di Jawa Timur

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Stratigrafi Bahasa Dan Dialek Di Daerah Tapal Kuda: Upaya Lokalisasi Bahasa Dan Budaya Guna Penentuan Muatan Lokal Di Jawa Timur LAPORAN PENELITIAN PENELITIAN DASAR UNGGULAN PERGURUAN TINGGI STRATIGRAFI BAHASA DAN DIALEK DI DAERAH TAPAL KUDA: UPAYA LOKALISASI BAHASA DAN BUDAYA GUNA PENENTUAN MUATAN LOKAL DI JAWA TIMUR Tahun ke-1 dari rencana 3 tahun ketua : Dr. Agusniar Dian Savitri, S.S., M.Pd. NIDN 0022087805 Anggota : Dr. Dianita Indrawati, M.Hum NIDN 0016067608 Dr. Suhartono, M.Pd. NIDN 0010027104 UNIVERSITAS NEGERI SURABAYA NOVEMBER, 2018 RINGKASAN Penelitian ini didasari oleh penelitian sebelumnya yang menunjukkan situasi kebahasaan yang beragam di daerah Tapal Kuda Jawa Timur. Sayangnya, situasi kebahasaan tersebut tidak didukung oleh kebijakan pendidikan (muatan lokal) yang diberlakukan di daerah Tapal Kuda. Terdapat “keterpaksaan” untuk mempelajari bahasa yang bukan bahasa ibu penutur di sekolah. Hal itu disebabkan penentuan muatan lokal cenderung didasarkan pada batas wilayah administratif, padahal antara batas wilayah administratif dan batas bahasa sering berbeda. Sebab itulah, perlu dilakukan stratigrafi bahasa dan dialek di daerah Tapal Kuda Jawa Timur sehingga dapat dilakukan lokalisasi bahasa dan budayanya, yang pada akhirnya dapat menghasilkan suatu rumusan mengenai penentuan muatan lokal di tiap-tiap kabupaten di Tapal Kuda Jawa Timur. Berdasarkan hal itu, rumusan masalah penelitian ini adalah “Bagaimana stratigrafi bahasa dan dialek di daerah tapal kuda: upaya lokalisasi bahasa dan budaya guna penentuan muatan lokal di Jawa Timur”. Pada tahun pertama, rumusan masalah khusus yang akan menjadi target penelitian, yaitu 1) Bagaimana stratigrafi bahasa dan dialek di Kabupaten Pasuruan, Probolinggo, dan Lumajang, dan 2) Bagaimana lokalisasi bahasa dan budaya penentuan muatan lokal di Kabupaten Pasuruan, Probolinggo, dan Lumajang (daerah Tapal Kuda. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah pupuan lapangan. Pada tahun pertama, titik pengamatan berjumlah 16 titik. Metode analisis data menggunakan metode dialektometri dan berkas isoglos untuk menentukan stratigrafi bahasa di Tapal Kuda. Hasil penelitian ini sebagai berikut. Pertama, stratigrafi bahasa dan dialek di Kabupaten Pasuruan, Probolinggo, dan Lumajang terdiri atas dua lapis bahasa dan empat lapis dialek. Dua lapis bahasa tersebut adalah bahasa Jawa dan bahasa Madura. Empat lapis dialek tersebut adalah dialek Jawa Timuran, dialek Tengger, dialek Madura barat, dan dialek Madura timur. Lapis bahasa dan dialek tersebut sekaligus membentuk daerah bahasa dan dialek di Kabupaten Pasuruan, Probolinggo, dan Lumajang. Daerah bahasa dan dialek tersebut direpresentasikan dalam bentuk peta bahasa. Kedua, lokalisasi budaya di Kabupaten Pasuruan, Probolinggo, dan Lumajang menghasilkan empat daerah budaya yang mempresentasikan kehidupan dan budaya penutur yang ada di tiga kabupaten: Pasuruan, Probolinggo, dan Lumajang. Empat daerah budaya tersebut, yaitu 1) daerah budaya Jawa timuran, b) daerah budaya Tengger, c) daerah budaya Madura, d) daerah budaya Pendalungan. Ketiga, muatan lokal bahasa daerah yang dapat diberlakukan di Kabupaten Pasuruan, Probolinggo, dan Lumajang adalah bahasa Jawa dialek Jawa Timuran, bahasa Jawa dialek Tengger, dan bahasa Madura. PRAKATA Syukur alhamdulillah, peneliti panjatkan kepada Tuhan Yang Maha Esa, yang telah memberikan rahmat-Nya sehingga penelitian yang berjudul “Stratigrafi Bahasa dan Dialek di Daerah Tapal Kuda: Upaya Lokalisasi Bahasa dan Budaya Guna Penentuan Muatan Lokal di Jawa Timur” dapat dilaksanakan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan stratigrafi bahasa dan dialek di daerah Tapal Kuda yang pada akhirnya akan menghasilkan suatu rumusan mengenai penentuan muatan lokal di tiap-tiap kabupaten di Tapal Kuda Jawa Timur dalam bentuk peta muatan lokal. Harapannya, peta muatan lokal tersebut dapat menjadi dasar Dinas Pendidikan untuk menentukan muatan lokal bahasa daerah di tiap-tiap kabupaten di daerah Tapal Kuda. Pelaksanaan penelitian itu tentu tidak lepas dari kendala. Namun segala kendala dapat diselesaikan dengan baik, tidak sekadar oleh tim peneliti, tetapi juga bantuan beberapa pihak. Sebab itu, kami menyampaikan terima kasih kepada pihak berikut yang telah membantu pelaksanaan penelitian ini. Terima kasih kami sampaikan kepada 1) Direktorat Riset dan Pengabdian Masyarakat (DRPM) Dikti; 2) Rektor Universitas Negeri Surabaya; 3) Ketua dan seluruh anggota LPPM Universitas Negeri Surabaya; 4) para reviewer yang telah menilai proposal penelitian ini; 5) Dekan Fakultas Bahasa dan Seni Universitas Negeri Surabaya; 6) Kepala desa di 16 desa di tiga kabupaten; 7) Informan penelitian di 16 titik pengamatan; dan 8) para anggota tim peneliti. Akhir kata, semoga penelitian “Stratigrafi Bahasa dan Dialek di Daerah Tapal Kuda: Upaya Lokalisasi Bahasa dan Budaya Guna Penentuan Muatan Lokal di Jawa Timur” dapat memberikan manfaat sebesarnya bagi masyarakat, khususnya bagi pengembangan ilmu linguistik dan dialektologi. Semoga Tuhan selalu memberi keberkahan pada pelaksanaan dan hasil penelitian ini. November, 2018 Tim peneliti DAFTAR ISI Halaman pengesahan i Ringkasan ......................................................................................................... ii Prakata .............................................................................................................. iii Daftar Isi ........................................................................................................... iv Daftar Tabel ...................................................................................................... vi Daftar Gambar .................................................................................................. vii Daftar Lampiran ................................................................................................ ix Bab 1 Pendahuluan 1.1 Latar Belakang ............................................................................................ 1 1.2 Permasalahan .............................................................................................. 2 Bab 2 Tinjauan Pustaka 2.1 State of the Art Penelitian ........................................................................... 4 2.1.1 Stratigrafi Bahasa ............................................................................... 4 2.1.2 Muatan Lokal ..................................................................................... 5 2.1.3 Peta Jalan Penelitian .......................................................................... 8 2.2 Studi Pendahuluan ....................................................................................... 9 Bab 3 Tujuan dan Manfaat Penelitian 3.1 Tujuan Penelitian ........................................................................................ 10 3.2 Manfaat Penelitian 3.2.1 Manfaat Teoretis ................................................................................ 10 3.2.2 Manfaat Praktis .................................................................................. 11 Bab 4 Metode Penelitian 4.1 Titik Pengamatan Penelitian ....................................................................... 13 4.2 Data dan Sumber Data ................................................................................ 14 4.3 Pengumpulan Data ...................................................................................... 14 4.4 Analisis Data ............................................................................................... 15 4.5 Alur Penelitian ............................................................................................ 16 Bab 5 Hasil dan Luaran yang Dicapai 5.1 Hasil Penelitian 5.1.1 Stratigrafi bahasa dan dialek di kabupaten Pasuruan, Probolinggo, dan Lumajang ................................................................................................. 18 5.1.1.2 Variasi Bahasa dan Dialek serta Distribusinya di kabupaten Pasuruan, Probolinggo, dan Lumajang ........................................ 32 5.1.1.3 Variasi Dialek Jawa Timuran ...................................................... 50 5.1.1.4 Variasi Dialek Tengger ............................................................... 54 5.1.1.5 Variasi Dialek Madura Barat dan Madura Timur ...................... 61 5.1.2 Lokalisasi Budaya di Daerah Tapal Kuda: Pasuruan, Probolinggo, dan Lumajang ................................................................................................ 64 5.2 Bahasan Penelitian: Penentuan Muatan Lokal Berdasarkan Stratigrafi Bahasa dan Dialek di Kabupaten Pasuruan, Probolinggo, dan Lumajang ................................................................................................. 71 5.3 Luaran Penelitian ........................................................................................ 73 Bab 6 Rencana Tahapan Berikutnya . 19 6.1 Rencana Kegiatan Penelitian ....................................................................... 74 6.2 Rencana Capaian Luaran ............................................................................ 75 Bab 7 Kesimpulan dan Saran 7.1 Simpulan ..................................................................................................... 76 7.2 Saran ........................................................................................................... 77 Daftar Pustaka ................................................................................................... x Lampiran ........................................................................................................... xi DAFTAR TABEL Tabel 5.1 Hasil Variasi Leksikal dan Penghitungan dialektometri ............. 19 Tabel 5.2 Variasi Leksikal pada Bahasa Jawa
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