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i CHRONICLES the life of the Chinese peofilr , " Hull reports their progress in building a New
* PEOPLE 5 Denmcratic society; ‘ DESCRIBES the new trends in C/Iinexe art, iY literature, science, education and other asperts of c H I N A the people‘s cultural life; SEEKS to strengthen the friendship between A FORTNIGHTLY MAGAZINE the [maple of China and those of other lands in Editor: Liu Tum-chi W muse 0f peacct
No} 6,1953 CONTENTS March lb
‘
THE GREATEST FRIENDSHIP ...... MAO TSE-TUNG 3
For -| Stalin! ...... ,. V . _ t t . .Soonp; Ching Ling 6
Me es «(Condolence From China to the Sovxet Union on the Death of J. V. Stalin From ('hairmun Mao to President Shvemik ...... 8 From the (‘entrnl Committee of the Communist Party of China tn the (‘entrnl Committee of the Communist Party of the Union Soviet ...... 9 From the National Committee of the C.P.P.C.C. to the Central (‘ommittee ol’ the (‘ommunist Party of the Soviet Union .. 10 Eternal to (ht- Glory Great Stalin! ...... Chu Teh 10 Stalin‘s Lead [‘5 Teachings Forward! ...... Li Chi-shen 12 A hnlIon Mourns . .Our Correspondent 13
Farewell to . .Stalin . .Our Correspondent 21 China's I953 lludgel ...... Ke Chin-lung 24 High US. Oflicers Expose Germ War Plan ...... Alan Winnington 27 China Celebrates Soviet Army Day ...... 0ur Correspondent 29 Th! Rosenberg Frame-up: Widespread Protest in China ...... L. H. 30 PICTORIAL PAGES: Stalin Lives Forever in the Hearts of the Chinese Peovle ------15-18
IN THE NE‘VS V. 31 SUPPLEMENTS: A on the Reno" 1953 State Budget of China by Minister of l-Inance Po I-po New Fnct .0" Germ Warfare in Korea and China— nms h(ZS: (nlonel Frank H. Schwable and Major Roy larino Corps
The ' ' ' Memorial ' ' 1 Meeting fa J V. Stall“ "I : Pemngs TR“ A" Me“ Squnre on )larch 9. ll . mm.. The present issue 0 to Prowl-Se our mam mm". um
.oa .The Greatest Friendship o
MAO 'l‘SE-TUNG
OSEPH VISSARIONOVICH STALIN, WOEE; it has stirred the hearts of upright greatest genius of the present age, great pet-tale throughout the world. This de- teacher of the world Communist movement, monstrates that Comrade Stalin’s cause and. cDmradein-arms of the immortal Lenin, has his, New have gripped the hearts of the delJarted from the world. broad masses of the people throughout the World and have become an invincible force, Comrade Stalin has made an inestimable a fame that will guide those peoples who are contribution to our era by his theoretical already victorious from one fresh victory “lid practical activities. Comrade Stalin to mther and lead all who are still groan.
reDresents our entire new era. His activities hammer the oppression of the old, vicious have led the Soviet people and the working capitalist world to strike courageously at the p80Ple of all countries to transform the whole people’s enemies. World situation: the cause of justice, of After the death of Lenin, Comrade‘ People’s Democracy and Socialism has Staslin'led the Soviet people in building achieved victory on a tremendous scale over into i magnificent socialist society the first a containing one-third of the territory Sociilfst state in the world. which he, to- Earth’s than 800 million population—more gether with the great Lenin, created during 9301313 moreover, the influence of this victory ; the~‘0ctober Revolution. The victory of is to corner of the spreading dnily every socills’t construction in the Soviet Union is globe. nofimly a victory of the Soviet people, but also i-mmmon victory of the people of the- The death of Comrade 'smm has whim" world. Firstly, this victory proved ”WWI unparalleled and profound grief in iron! life the absolute correctness ‘of’ among the working people of the whole Mm—unmism and gave concrete in.
March 16, 1953 .7 struction to the working people throughout people, and the victories in this struggle, to Now we have lost our great teacher and Wat construction have made the world the nurlrl how they should advance towards attain unprecedented proportions. most sincere friend—Comrade Stalin. What advance with giant strides. Now that the n happy life. Secondly, this victory a misfortune this is! It is impossible to Soviet Union has become so powerful; the All Comrade Stalin’s writings are im- ensured that humanity would have the express in words the sorrow which this mis‘ Chase people’s revolution has obtained mortal works of Marxist literature. His strength to defeat the fascist beasts during fortune has brought us. su great victories; constuction in the figm’ndatiom of Lem'mlm, History of the the Second World War. The achievement v 'People’s Democracies has brought Communist Party of the Soviet Union Our task is to transform sorrow into of victory in the anti-fascist war would have enormous achievements; the movement and his last Work such (Bolsheviks) greet strength. In of our ill-on inconceivable without the victory of memory great teacher of the peoples throughout the world against Economic Problems of Socialism in the socialist construction in the Soviet Union. Stalin, the great friendship linked with omission and aggression has risen to such an of The US$13. comprise encyclopaedia the name of which exists between fate of all mankind was bound up with Stalin, news; on: front of friendship and Marxism-Leninism, a summing-up of the the the victory of socialist construction in the Communist Party of China. and the solidarity is so consolidated—we can de— experiences of the world Communist move- Chinese Soviet Union and victory in the anti-fascist people and the Communist Party finitely declare that we are not afraid of any ment in the past hundred years. His speech Of war, and the glory of these victories must the Soviet Union and the Soviet people, imnéfialist aggression. Any imperialist to at the 19th Congress of the Communist go our great Comrade Stalin. will be immeasurably strengthened. Chinese amnion will he smashed by us; all foul Party of the Soviet Union is a precious testa- Communists and the Chinese people will pmmtions will be of no avail. Comrade Stalin ment bequeathed to the Communists of all carried out a compre— further intensify the study of Stalin‘s teach< hi-nsiw and countries of the world. We Chinese Com- reason that the epoch-making development inn, of Soviet science and techniques, to 913w great friendship of like the Communists of all other Marxist-Lenlnist theory and advanced‘ ms, build their country. hm the peoples of China and the Soviet find our own Mnrxism to a new stage of development. miss, road to victory in the Ulhi is unbreakable is precisely because our Comrade Stalin creatively developed Lenin’s wt works of Comrade Stalin. The Communist Party of the Soviet him has been built on the great prin- Union is a ci theory concerning the law of " party personally reared Lenin intemstionalism of Marx, Engels, the uneven Since the death of Lenin, Comrade Stalin by "of and development of capitalism and Stalin; it is the most advanced Le "“and Stalin. The friendship between Lenin's has at all times been the central figure in the party in theory that Socialism can first be the world, the most experienced and the of China and the Soviet victorious world Communist movement. We rallied tbspeoples Union, in one country; Cdmde Stalin best trained in theory. This Party has been and ‘tho peoples of the various creatively M him, ceaselessly asked his advice and People’s contributai the theory of the our model in the is our model now and as well as all who general crisis drew strength from past, Demacies, people love of the measly ideological capitalist system; he will remain our model in the future. We are and in coun- contributed the His works. Comrade Stalin was full of peace, democracy justice every the theory concerning building of tumvletely confident that the Central Com- try the world. is also built this great Com. want: love for the oppressed peoples of the upon minim in the Union; be mittse of the Communist Party of the Soviet of internationalism and is therefore Soviet contributed gut. “Do not forget the East"—this was PIMP}: the of the theory basic economic laws Union and the Soviet headed all) ”humble. of comrade Stalin’s great call after the October Government, capitalism and modern of he by Comrade will be able Socialism; con- knows that Comrade Malenkov, certainly tributed the Won. Everyone theory of the rev to the strength created our olution in‘ follow Comrade Stalin's behest to advance Clmrly, by colonial Stalin warmly loved the Chinese people and and semi—colonial which is of this is inex- countries. Comrade “11d carry to greater glory the great cause of ffieudship, kind, Stalin regarded the might of the Chinese revolution also creatively haustible and invincible. developed Lenin’s Cmmunism truly on is He contributed his lofty theory the building of the immeasurable. Party. All than Wisdom to the of the Chinese native theories of problems There is not the slightest doubt that .3“ all imperialist aggressors and war- Comrade Stalin [unha- united ' revolution. And it was by following the the mourn tremble before our great friend» the workers ummillion: World camp of peace, democracy and um, cachings of Lenin and and with the Stalin, SUCialism headed by the Soviet Union will SW Va. support 0f the great Soviet state and all the be still more united and become still more live the of . Long teachings Marx. Engels, revolutionary forces of other countries, that anerful. . Iain,ml Stalin! lb Communist Party of (Slim and the Chinese won their hidnric a We victory In the 1195.3 “titty years, Conn-Me Tho glorious name of the great Stalin
~ , tom. years ago. Stalin’s teachings and the example of Soviet » is Mam"al!
People's Chin. Hum. 16, 1953 his every efiort would go only towards mil-tul- as‘ (Soviet people are: that both peoples can ing and building! Stalin taught the world a e' sell—sacrificing struggle, render the new to with and s e sacrifice for save civilisa- way live, sincerity honesty. t mankind, with openness and. frankness, with equality tfid rm‘se it to a higher point. Stalin's between all peoples, between men and women. faith in the Chinese people was part of. the between all states, putting relations between Wle link he forged with the inter- FOR STALIN! nations on a level of friendship nevcr before nfi9nal working class movement, for the attained in history. Immense has been his in» emdpatian of all toilers, and for the national spiration to all who seek peace by his very inflpendence of all colonial peoples from the pronouncement that the people of the world yoke of imperialism. His every word was could have peace if they took the struggle for W by deeds, and the Chinese people will it into their own hands and upheld that struggle neigé‘rorget that in all the years of our struggle to the and 5‘ {foreign imperialism and native feudal~ is “and militarism, his assistance never Yes, we have lost much. But, dear friends wavered for an instant. Such faith and action of the Soviet Union, dear comrades here at as Stalin’s has welded the Working people of Soong Ching Ling home and in every part of the world, Stalin thelwarld into a solid unity which will with— did not leave us unarmed for the journey into 513$ all‘ and emerge the final victor. the future By the sum of his life and work
he has us to prepared carry on so that the |We who believe in and his cause is with the deepest sadness that I write this. everywhere! In the early days, wherever there .Stalin dearest hopes of his and his own, was more a predecessors, I!“ take the where he left it, The It little than month ago that I was trouble, wherever there was the possibility up fight will come to pass, sorrow that burdens us must be used to saw Stalin, hale and hearty and in such fine that the enemy might break through, there Lenin today It warmed heart to see to steel our will, We must spirits. my him so. sent Stalin. And always be was victorious— tembér us, engrave He the Communist and At that moment I how tempered Party on minds Stalin's We nlust use thought many lnore by the power of his analysis, by the brilliance our teachings. the Soviet Union into finest steel, Stalin said: years he would be able to serve the people of and clarity of his solutions, by his resourceful- the [thought of Stalin as a motivating power. “Lenin taught us only such leaders can be real the world. ness in overcoming all didiculties. We‘inust use the greatness of Stalin as our Bolshevik leaders as know not in only how standard of service to the people. We must {each the But now I am faced workers and peasants, but also how with the fact of our How well Stalin continued the cause of rise Stalin’s courage to Spur us on past any dif- dear comrade‘s to learn from them." Stalin not made untimely posing. It is a fact Lenin! From his oflice in the Kremlin these only ficulty. this that on lesson the very basis of his life, i hangs heavily my mind. So has it long years, not only did he guide his Soviet always atYected the of our setting an example of contact with the people country. When the people in building and protecting the future masses, This is the beginning of a new phase in news came. tears welled in but he lifted it to a new level, He had inex- up the eyes of all, of all mankind, but his daily eflorfs also showed thé‘ah'uggle for progress. It marks not the and I heard someone say, “I feel as no tinguishahle filth in the people and their in- if 1 had scent concern for any oppressed people, and of an epoch but rather a high point from lost my most beloved parent!" from vincibility against all enemies. In such a Such is the matter how far him. This was a concern whil'h we must strike out for still higher levels, feeling of the people all over the tradition did he guide the affairs of his Party. world during that, withered distance and made all men know The victories Stalin has hewn are the base these days. It is the that What Lenin started that proletarian brotherhood beat in a heart guarantee upon’ which all mankind will build its freedom would never let and Stalin continued will be carried to its his- that them down. It provided "and It is up -to us to carry on the All progressive happiness. mankind has indeed suf. where toric conclusion the Communist of firm-age there were but bare fists to fight by Party fight he led for so long. {cred a loss. great the Soviet Union, with; when, on oceasion, the enemy had all hilt it to won, provided the substance with which itself We have lost a _ All progressive mankind must place genius of the Stalin had faith not in his ovlm revolutionary wow him back and defeat him; it held for only peo~ art, fleeled in on the alert. We must rally around the Party long struggle, pie. but in all He stated indomitable a! all who toiled, all who suffered. It made Stalin peoples. repeatedly spirit, resolute in of and the Soviet We principle and that the of the Soviet masses ‘Stauu great people. relentless to- our leader. way would be wards all our friend, teacher, our comrade and oppressorsl In ourselves, absorb the essence Stalin, the revolu‘. duplicated by all. I clearly recall the first re- must‘re—dedicate tlanary flame burned with such H of Stalin's life and work. carry out our duties force that he We have ‘0“ the of all marks he made to me on January 13 this year: knew greatest partisans only one rule of lile: to in the Stalin manner, with victory in our serve the at peace. With “The Chinese people are a good people." He only How peopld what verve did he apply him- true to the he was! The of the world‘s people How self to the that Chinese are a heroic hearts and minds victory true he construction of a new society, to meant the people. “I to the revolution that need his own of and class must be achieved, and with the peo- chafing the to When performing miracles emerging ’working steps universal prosperity, capable ' ple and showed the for way all the from the most “rot- Stalin!" oppressed lion’s intellect would reach new pinnacles and victorious gruelling tests, just. slogan:
People’s China March 1 6, 1953 From the Central Committee of the Party of China to the oi Condolence From China to the grgnmunist Messages Central Committee oi the Communist Party of the Soviet Union Soviet Union on the Death ol: J.V. Stalin I;
The news 0] the death of Joseph Visslzn'onwich Stalin, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the U.SlS.R. and the great frienddndteacher of the Chinese people, was received in China with the profoundest grief and sense of personal loss. The sentiment of the nation was expressed in numerous messages of condolence sent to the Soviet Union. We print below The Central Committee of the Communist Partisan? the Soviet Union: the jull texts of the messages from Mao Tse-tunq, Chairman of the Central People’s Govern- With all members of Communist of China and the ment of the People’s Republic of China, to N. M. Shuernik, President of the Presidium of unparalleled grief, ii: Party Chinese mourn of our and dearest our the Supreme Soviet of the USSR; from the Central Committee of the Communist Party of people the passing away dost respected teacher, sincerest Comrade Stalin. Comrade is an incalculable loss to our com- China to the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union; and from the friend, Stalingfleath National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference to the Cent-rel mon cause. 1, Committee the Communist Union 0] Party of the Soviet The name of Comrade Stalin, the great leak? ot the working class of the world, is the great banner of the liberation of humanity. War with the great Lenin, he led the October Socialist Revolution which opened up a W era in the history of mankind and illumined for the and the world. From Chairman Mao Tse-hmg to President Shvernik the road to victory oppressed {hoses peoples throughout After the death of Lenin, Comrade Stalin coniimfl'} to carry forward the cause of Marx, Engels and Lenin, and, with his brilliant Marxllt~Leninist wisdom and his indomitable Comrade Shvemik: holshevik courage, waged a relentless struggle ageinst enemies and renegades and led the With boundless grief, the Chinese people, the Chinese Government and myself learned Soviet people to success in building a socialist sodw and carrying out large-scale Communist the news of the passing away of the dearest blend and great teacher of the Chinese people, construction. In the Second World War, Comrade Stalin commanded the great Soviet armed Comrade Stalin This is an incalculable loss not only to the Soviet petiole, but also to the forces in the defeat of the German, Italian anddapanese fascist brigands and thus saved Chinese people, to the whole camp of peace anddemocracy and to the peace—loving peoples humanity from fascist enslavemenl. throughout the world as well. On Chinese people, the Chinese Government behalf of the Comrade Stalin has always been unliringly concerned with the fate of the labouring and in my own name, I wish to extend the Soviet people and the Soviet Govern— to you, people and all oppressed peoples of the world. Comrade Stalin made great and outstanding ment, the most deep-felt condolences. theoretical contributions to, and gave political guidance on the problems of the Chinese re— The victory of the Chinese people's “vaiution is completely inseparable from the‘ volution, arming the Communist Party of China iii ideology and policy. It is by following continuous care, guidance and support of Comrade Stalin Over the past thirty years and more. the mad pointed out by Comrade Stalin that the Cqmmunist Party of China and the Chinese Since the victory of the Chinese people's revolufinu. Comrade Stalin, the great Soviet people_ people under the leadership of Comrade Mao Tseétung have achieved victory in their and the Soviet Government under his leadeflhiP have rendered generous and selfless as< revolution. malice m the construction work of This and the Chinese pearls great profound friendship In their long days of hardship the Chinese people almys had the friendly concern and which Comrade Stalin felt for the will forever be remembered with gratitude Chinese people Support of Comrade Stalin. The generous and selfless assistance rendered to us since the by the Chinese people. The Stalin will forever illumine the road undying light at Comrade founding of the People's Republic of China, by unmade Stalin and by the great Soviet along which the Chinese people march fax-Wm people and the Soviet Government under his leadership, will remain forever in the hearts Comrade of the Chinese President, the gloriOus Party of Lenin and Stalin, the great Soviet people people and Lhe Soviet will the consistent confidence and Government assuredly have fraternal. sup- Dear Comrades! In these days of grief following the passing away of Comrade Stalin, port of lhe Communist of and the Chinese Government. The we Party China, the Chinese Paoplc tender olu- profound sympathy Our entire Party and people will, with the greatest re- Chinese people will and resolution unite and forever with definitely with mum closely solution, Continue to strengthen our confidence in and support {or the Communist Party at the the great Soviet people, world and consolidate and strengthen the camp of peace democracy Soviet Union and the Union of Soviet Sodalist Republics, which Lenin and Stalin created, and by the Soviet Union, redouble their efforts in at the consolidate headed heighten their vigilance, striking the invindble world camp at peace and democracy headed by the SOViel Union- msugators of war and strive to the interests at the SOViEl' Union and China We end for the Infill-DE shall continue forever in close unity with you and the great Soviet people, and under and {or the and of peace security the world. 1 am Confident that all working people, all peace- the common banner of Lenin and Stalin, struggle to the end for the cause of peace and demo— lovlng progressive mankind of the world will, hgether with us, follow the road pointed out cracy and the cause at Communism. by Comrade Stalin and take into their own hands the sacred cause of preserving world peace. Eternal glory to the great Stalin!
(Signed) The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China Peking MAO TSE-TUNG Peking March 8, 1953 March 6, 1953 l 9 People's China March 15, 1953 toilets and all the oppressed of the in the direction indicated Comrade people ‘ by the National Committee CP.P.C.C. to the Central L From oF"‘ififiG world The Chinese people of all nationalities, 0F the Soviet Union anépnmbers of the Communist Party or China Committee of the the death of Communisélgfiliriy Following Lenin, Stalin con- axial] fighters of the Chinese People's Libera- tinued to carry forward the cause of Marx, " Army will unite more closely around ’l‘lir ('i-nlml ('unimitlce oi the Communist Party of the Soviet Union: and and led the Soviet Engels Lenin, people cm“ Mao Tse-tung, the Communist Party in Socialism J. V. triumphantly building and and the Central (ill-lilly distressed by the sorrowful new} of the death of Chairman Stalin, ufflfina People's Government, the towards He thus set the advancing Communism. out exert (in :il lulwhei oi pl'ogrcssivc mankind all over the world, we, people throughout China, “when vigilance, every effort in a magnificent example for progressive man- [(‘lldl‘l‘ you. with heavy hearts, our profound work, learn from the Soviet Union and Wane“. in kind creating a happy lifel our , rm profound grief into united, mili- Tht- wholv Chinese people can never f the lofty sympathy, guidance and help 1 'll!ength to strive for victory in the strug— ii-llrll'rcd Us by Chairman Stalin in the past, al decades, In the Second World War against fascism, -.resist U.S. aggression and to aid Korea, Stalin led the great Soviet people and the In memory ol the areal and of Chairman Stalin towards the fulfilment of the national construction everlasting"md5hip Soviet Army to defeat the German, Italian and (‘lmlvsc lil‘uplk‘. we, the Chinese people. will, taller the leadership 0f Chairman M30 Tse‘ the steady advance towards Socialism. Japanese fascist brigands, thereby delivering mm: and llle Chinese Communist Party. 1' ,." consolidate the inviolable friendship and all humanity (mm the danger of fascist on- uliily lnvlwoi-n the great Chinese and Soviet heighten our vigilance and struggle “like Chinese people can never forget W, slavement. “"““"=1>- (in llll‘ common cause of losling people‘s democracy led by the Soviet aide Stalin’s great teaching that “the great Wm ' l'nli :l between the Soviet Union and the Under the glorious banner of Stalin, thr The National Committee constitutes a reliable _ People’s . Republic g. forces of the peace—loving people throughout of the C.PiPic.cl the new ,5 , millet: against threat of aggression, the world have become have been united; they ,_ up. powerful bulwark of peace in the Far waging a valiant struggle for lasting peace and fin" and throughout the World." people’s democracy since the end of the war . Stalin's great contributions to mankind radiate Chinese people of all nationalities, the ' a lasting and unfailing light of the greatest ist of China and Lhe y Party Chinese «Egg' brilliance. out must forever unite closely with yet people, the Communist Party of the the most Comrade Stalin was respected Union and the Government of the and beloved friend and teacher of the Chinese DIS”. We must strengthen our confidence Paople. He armed the Communist of Party imam support for, the Soviet people, the China with the of Marxism» magnificent theory Cmist Party of the Soviet Union and the Leninism. It was the precisely by following (internment of the USSR. We must con- path out Slalin that the Chinese pointed by sdmite the world camp of peace and demo- under of Comrade Mao people, the leadership cmfy headed by the Soviet Union and and the Communist of China, Tse-tung Party reflhrvely take up the common cause for which gained in the Chinese revolution. Chu Tell victory Cémade Stalin up to the time of his death In the past years and more, the cause thirty , constant concern and to which he gave of the Chinese people’s revolution and con- mt inspiration. bl‘ - 4‘, struflion always received the constant con- grout Comrade Slalin has cern, I: is our conviction that under the common TIE dclmrled froui us forever! Together with the Soviet encounganent and support of Comrade lhl)‘ World? ifilial" Mankind’s ‘ Stalin and bamr of Lenin and the 3real 5““ has e and people throughout the world, we. the Communist Party of the Soviet Stalin, united lallen' Tm- mosl " respected and Union. the of the Chinese beloved fri Chinese are stricken with Gwmment of the USSR. and the 5&9}th and Soviet peoples is and leather or and“, people, heavy. our Chinese has 50V“?! people ole grief by this sudden, most grave 9901339 under his leadership. The vic- invindble. Our common cause is sure to parted‘ilfiipamuaed" of nrtune which has befallen us. ‘IOTY the China revolution and its con- from victory to victory -\ advfi'ce I (A. m solidation alt abolnmy inseparable from the Trlu or in» The of Stalin is an to the n‘mmulml “arm passing away minimal glory great Stalin! made in C : Comrade name of Stalin. Stalin will Sequin-y n: the measurable the Cmade forever i Crnlral Commm“. MA to the working people mun.“ Pam or mzucTeh. loss live in the hearts Chinese brilliance of the China. vi World war Stalin was the leader and dupe people. f'l’he teachings of Marx, I‘mnlc'n ce~Chlirmnn ol the great Gnvummenl Ind Cont; teacher of the the Lenin and Stalin will forever illumine In. Clnnne working people throughout Wk, Peopll's Conimnder~imchm a; The never Wild- Chinese people will forget the 2mm: in, m we Together with Lenin, Stalin led progress! “calm: n “““j- old‘gictorious on 1-313," hold 1n the deep friendship of Comrade Stalin for themr Mirth p, "a. Peking Great October Socialist Revolution, which The Chinese pecple will forever to Rest in Comrade Stalin! opened the way for the emancipation of the continue peace, to March 1 6, 1953 People‘s China. )- n talin’s Teachings Lead Us Forward! A NATION MOURIEWS A! Li Chi-alien
Our Correspondent The immortal name of Stalin will ,‘l'l'll mo passing :I\\'u_\' of Chairman 3min, udwnce. live forever in our hearts. W luv \mGlnu pvujllc throughout vhe the death of Stalin our nulld have lost lhr-ir grout [(-ui'her. This is an Mourning today, EDS 475 million of China mourn the mm and beloved friend of the is But we must not give way people respected Chin- nil-.llrulnblu loss in lhi- Cause of the cmanmpa— grief profound. death of Comrade leader and In corner of the vast sorrow: we must work with redoubled Stalin, ese, people. e‘very land lmn n! mnnkulrl I Cannot clescribv lmw to an air mrts. The Chinese throughout the teacher of the world’s labouring people, the than is of solemnity, of deepest grief— :.l-m .r-l l was when l lirsl il(‘[ll‘d the m-ws of people rededicah'on to the must rally still more closely around andlai courageous cause of mu (il'lllh (ll ('hmllvum Slzllm. Even lva I country we Communist Party of China and under the Stalin—the cause of the emancipation and hap- l..l\‘n~ in hold my profound grief in clml‘k to of Chairman “Mao Tse - their 'rn lll .nni li-ndmg organisations in China. and other democratic parties, men and women reform, the farm implements they use, Proph- iillplllllul lhl‘ country stood by their Rum religious organisations, businessmen, new advanced farming methods, their mutual- min-lie.» al'h. wuiting anxiously for a cmnmimi- and housewives. They carried wreaths, aid teams. The peasants of the Ying Wei-chcn igldmts to their great leader and teacher. qur :llmul mi lnlprin'k'lllt‘n! in Stalin‘s health. are of fresh flowers, some of traditional, ctr—operative remembered how Stalin had sent 31 meetings were held by the demo— white paper flowers. Girls an agronomist to visit them. It was he who Mfimlly-made the various ll “in WI”) n scnsi» of heavy loss that the pnrties, government organs, white flowers of mourning in their hair, taught them a new method whereby they could "lulu-n [Hunt at (‘umrndv Stalin's (loath. s mass organisations. universities and te the great concourse, the road was still reap 2,500 kilogram-ones of potatoes per mou Tens of thousands of messages of con- a room. instead of the former They ln luwns mourning 1,500 kilogrammes. ('llIL'H. and industrial C(‘ntl‘es, in were sent to Moscow from from Stalin Peking, , had asked their Soviet friend to bring to humbli- villages, silence as the reigned Chinese In an of meetings, from various provinces and g atmosphere quiet solemnity they gifts of their best products. But now Stalin, .mpin l'l'n’lllsud inn oi this was no national minorities and from lmmunsity - the Embassy, and filing past before the eas of the lhi- \«iiilrl friend of the peasants, was dead! . ers in China’s coastal waters, t at Stalin, stopped for a moment with sailing bowed in tribute to the great leader Steeled of the Liberation All-China Democratic Women’s Federa- 1 fighters People’s the world’s working people. Many left Army could not hold back their tears at the rs ifying the country that all programmes times solemn oath Women’s Day on March 8 should A: Mini Inuynl-nl of ges. Many was the news of Stalin‘s death, 'I‘hirty-eight-year—old ebrating mourning, Chni man . of a P.L.A. Mun Tar-lung lNSlll‘d “We will march forever on the path Ho Chen-hsin, divisional commissar the Central People's Gov— shown us!” the when he vowed 0! out by Stalin for the eman- i-iunn-ni'.» iiiilm , have spoke for all army pointed iliul flags should be flown unit, at and to re— HLnI before the of Stalin: “I will learn of all women of the world iliiiniizlwui the from portrait t...” country March w» their wreaths around the . lu y placed pot- of selfless devotion their efiorts in the construction of their Monti 9 a. n uiken of constantly from your spirit mourning to express J. v. Stalin in and lhr in the reception hall, He re. .. to cause of Communism!" Imunzllvu urlvf and tl\e ” the noble . condolences 0‘ the soon surrounded with massed banks of ( mum» pmplc called the early days of his childhood as a poor Lying at their centre was the wreath it exploited peasant and the great 25,000 To Learn From Stalin 0n Mzirrll an by Chairman Mao Tse—tung, inscribed: 7. cighteen-momber Long March with its unbelievable difiiculties. delega_ are Stalin Is honor-(l by Chou Immortal." that Stalin lived in our En-lai, Secretary of the “Through long journey, March 7, all newspapers with black :10“ < axon of the minds. The of the Soviet land Communist of living example insulting borders were devoted to the state- l’al‘ty ' €3,131 unilimIn‘iiltcL'rcmicr of The Workers’ Leader ‘ us the the Centr a1 Peo ‘ with Stalin at its helm—this gave on Comrade Stalin’s to messages . l mmju death, \.I_\ nppointed by the strength and courage to carry on!” 0! They published large portraits (tirzrnminl,mum- n! the Cash—ea: Chinese working class, reared in .Qpndolence. Communist ’ of . olrs’iulin and of the various memorial l'lr . Party China with pictures ('rmral pmDlvs teachings, was stricken profound Students at the College of National Minori— \ Governmem March the devoted its .niiiinu and the at of its teacher. Mugs On 9. press CrunlnlltL‘O of the death great ties the sense of loss of all the C expressed profound to Chairman Mao article lulu-nil (if went of the Chinese images Tse-tung’s Comrade back to the days their They knew that Stalin‘s "it“ Slall compatriots. of Comrade Stalin—The G1eatest tlrirgntlvn in course to in armory immediately left its long, hard—fought contribution to the solution of the na- great Friendship, from the bitterness of the old days to tional problem had given them and people like -piness of liberation. At every stage it in all the them in the Soviet Union and People‘s People in all cities hurried to bookstores with the name of Stalin, Memorial in Democracies the right of equal treatment and mi ism-m. to purchase the works of Comrade Stalin and held in factories and mines through chance for a free life. In thEir traditional new, writings devoted to his life and teachings, On _ h and breadth of China were attended the student went to the Soviet costumes, body March ’7, more than 4,000 copies of Stalin’s hundreds of thousands. They went back Embassyi Before the of Stalin they portrait works were sold by the central Hsinhua latbes and benches inspired to new to harder and be PlEdgfll study worthy pupils mane alone, Such publications as well as by the memory of one whose whole life of the leader of the peoples, portraits of Comrade Stalin were soon com- i dedicated to the cause of the labour out. To meet the ' sold pressing demand, Seto Moe Tong, am—seven~year-old re- pletgly ii..- 1316. House his mi (11 of the People’s Publishing has hastened m, ,We _ presentative the oversea-Chinese, spoke ‘ of fifteen of Stalin‘s most famous ”my!" '"' “f the the many government offices of Peking. before the pom'ait‘ oi Stalin at the Soviet tthu-inting 30:: S‘ahnazsefsmwn To enable Party members and mournmg on m Mms Where the great plans of national Embassy in Peking, “You helped unto victoryi W35, lu-oamlae‘lgnli Marcllcvealed6 workers to deepen their under- “""mb and 7 ion in 1953 are down You us in our national construction. gownment "E. of Inou 1. being brought helped were L." of Comrade Stalin’s genius, his -‘ “Biting fol'med smallest details and yet greater cun- How can we ever forget your aid tons!" SW mm“: glen and immortal deeds and strengthen ""““ their ve tasks are work trashing; annmmn ”'"msh the being drafted, all ' in“ [he snnshPay or The housewives of Sha the Imhreakable friendship between the Soviet next day the - While the announcement of the death group Peking’ssho s obliVigze 0‘ - Kua lane expressed the teelings o: the ordinary and «Chinese peoples, the regular political H lhe greatest planner of our day was read. March 15, 1953 19 People’s China thcoretiral study by all government cadres petition hand, standing before a plan at one has been suspended from March 12 to 25 so @319 giant Soviet construction projects. Last FAREWELL TO ST that the important documents written in aim as I looked at it, I saw clearer what it memory of Comrade Stalin can be studied. mt. I thought of the rapid progress we too 8n! making in industry and in every side of THE MEMORIAL M Nation—wide Mourning our life, and what enormous help Stalin has us! Stalin has all his life for as On March 9 the people of China, simul- given given for the of the world!" taneously with people of the Soviet Union, workers, working people both the and Youth with those of the Democracies and not evening, Party People’s l of the Works called a upright people throughout the world, bade We organisations Our Correspondent Workers to finish on farewell to their beloved leader and teacher m. pledged repairs furnace in instead of Stalin In accordance with the instructions flfi blast thirty—four to save five on the more, Over six hundred thousand given by the Central Committee of the Com- Ely-four days; days repairs more the people of Peking are filing my boilers. In front of the of have come to honour the memory of munist Party of China, thr- Central People’s tithe portrait ONCEinto 'l‘ien An Men Square. They do not overflowinto the wide avenue draped with a black band, or of their They Government and the National Commitlrc of Stalin mourning carry flags, portraits, symbols Workers of China took an oath . east and west of the forming the C.P.P.C,C.. at the hour when the fulmral Rinse solemnly achievements. Their ranks are sombre and Square, their with the Soviet columns several miles long. ceremony was being conducted in MOSCOW, all tip strengthen unity 1160‘ their faces grave with sorrow. In the Square for the of world That factories, mines, trains and steamers in China [312 safeguarding peace. which has witnessed so many celebrations of in the name of Stalin was shared sounded their sirens, Tens of millions of dildication the victories and achievements of the new It is {or the millions of China's workers. men has departed from us. Chinese people wherever the signals could be by China, the people have come together to honour more than that. For the Chinese heard or the radio reach dearest friend observed a solemn the memory of J. V. Stalin, the Workers in the moment of is the sadness of {ivy-minute silence, Heng Yuan Cotton Yarn the Chinese , this grief ‘ and greatest teacher of people. Mill in Tientsin, gathered before the portrait for the loss of his father. To the Young On this lllly over to the woman whose 600,000 ptuplc allot-lied otmmrade Stalin, pledged: ”We shall always It is not the usual Tien An Men that we Planner in the Square, ltw nihmorinl meuing in Ticn An in This the of bereavement, Pcl-ling's Alon main close unity with our elder brother: have come to under this grey, sad sky. eym'are dark with anguish Squall» at which Chairman Mao silent with face set in Tsc-tunp laid of the Soviet Union, in following the will of is not the Square of National Day or May Day, to the man standing a wreath hclore the portrait of Cuml'ntll‘ name of Stalin means some- szhlin. cémrade Stalin and working for the complete The festive colours are absent. Today there stein lines, the thnt snml‘ moment, memorial of A black and dear. For who can At mos-tings \‘.Cl‘e realisation Communism," are no decorations to its grandeur. thing especial forget belflg hold in over 2,000 other cities and the Communist towns banner stretches across the ramparts oi that the genius of Stalin guided in right Shanghai over 300.000 0n the of and people pitt‘llllpated night of March 7, Yi Mei, a woman the 'fien An Men Gate with a simple inscrip- Party at China along the path victory ln the memorial meeting at of the millions? whit-h Vice- worker the Kweiyang Cotton Yarn Mill, with tion in white: gave new life to sufiering Chairman Soong Ching laid it Ling wreath a white rosette of sorrow on her breast, broke made by herself before Stalin's the pm‘llztlL Over the factory record for spinningcotton yarn. COMRADE STALIN IS IMMORTAL. No one will ever forget, Of many 700.000 attended the people memorial memin Workers of the thousands here today, each has had his ex- Nanking Engineering Works, Soviet hold in Ticntsin: 400,000 in Below, the flags of China and the Hutbin: ' FLA. 460 (ion ign bearing the symbol of their surmw in the black perience. The worker, peasant, man, Union red of silk with black mourn- Canton; 300.000 in and flags has seen Nanking. armbands on their sleeves, doubled their intellectual, national industrialistaeach ing streamers flank the portrait of the great average daily production on March 6. the hunter the better in his Life, Each in his own Grief Into Marxist and teacher of the world’s working Strength world a! activity has come to the truth that people. Today the Chinese In bidding Iarewoll to Comrade Stalin, Mnrxilm-Leninism is all~conquering, bringing people have turned into sorrow united the in life and to millions of the oppressed. grid strength—the to mama Chinese people More than wreaths Sent by happiness strength build a ten thousand new a not of So have come to to Stalin world. to defend t great rededication to the cause of the life cover the review- they say good—bye \‘igllanily “9 heacei’ul peeple from all walks of he served so who showed them the road to and achievcmcnu ol mankind and the people selflessly to the end. It stands for peace lasting peace ing usually reserved guests during of the world. m a mighty freedom. demonstration of solidarity with the celebrations of national events. u); whole great world of democracv In those unforgettable Camp days the headed There are no tears today. have been people of and peace by the Soviet Union. It was It is quiet in the Square, 50 quiet that They China saw clearly the path ahead‘‘ done with. Resolution has taken the strengthen . solemn warning to the War one can believe that there are hundreds shed and unity with the Soviet instigators of that hardly Union, learn from shock of As tire Stalin! fig friendship between the Soviet of thousands of already here: place or the first grief. forges in still Chindse and people gathered rally closer to the loss of their beloved Stalin has Inspired can Se Of founded on the workers from factories: steel, so the many have DBODIBSi_ rack of proletariat: Peking’s railwaymen: applied to join the closer can feel: Stalin, Co is from farms; bound the people together. We mst Party, or the New unbreakable; that the great peasants outlying representatives Democratic Youth mwtwnalism, There is an acute Lemmu—igua- Chinese people are the sailors and it in 'fien An Men today. A young worker at the boundlessly devoted to the of national minorities; soldiers, sense with Shihchingshan wmks an mashst the sense of oneness, a of close kinship the outskirts of land, land of whose vie- airmen at the People’s liberation Army; gov- Peking, ' Stalin, u Meng Hsien-chun with the whole or progres- In . s development is the basic of ernment employees; teachers and students; in- the Soviet people, my room, l have a torlous guarantee poster showing sive mankind. In workshops, in suburban gStaElilg’ mankind's further progress. dustrialists and businessmen; housewives and 29 21 People's Chino March 16, 1953 Unity. Steeled unity around the Com. -‘ e, the youth of China," says Hu YaOv munist Party; unity of the Chinese and Soviet - shall adhere to Comrade Mao Tse~tung’.: with the rest of the peoples and victory in the common cause. That strengthen. along is the meaning of the demonstration. And lilL‘ people, our confidence in and support , Communist of the Soviet Union speakers today, who represent all shades of . Party opinion and all classes. mangify and stress this --e U.SlS.R., strengthen the great friend- ' ' of China and the Soviet meaning. After Chu Teh they are: Li Chi-shen. een the youth Chairman of the Revolutionary Committee of consolidate the world camp of peace the Soviet the Kuomintang and Vice—Chairman of the , ocracy 'headed by Union, Central People's Government; Chang Lan, t . our vigilance, redouble our efforts and Chairman of the China Democratic League and dfilihlows to the war provocateurs." Vice-Chairman of the Central People‘s Gmu China's ernment; Huang Yen-pal, Chairman of the Do— Kuanga ing, on behalf of mocratlc National Construction Association (a pays tribute to J. V. Stalin. “We " she “must further strengthen the party of industrialists and businessmen) and . says, Vice-Premier; Chen Shu-tung, Vice-Chairman knble solidarity between the women of of the National Committee of the People‘s Poli- 'et Union and China, and steadfastly tiCal Consultative Conference; Wu Yuvchang, a for the construction of our great constmction of Vice-President of the Sine—Soviet Friendship land in support of the Association; Lai Jo—yu, General Secretary of 2 .‘sm, in which the great Soviet Union the All-China Federation of Labour; Hu Yao- engaged, and in safeguarding peace and ' in the world," pangY member‘of the Secretariat of the New Democratic Youth League: and Hsu Kuange n-ntted the the and un- hy n-tlolul flags «1 Chin Vita—Chairman of the All»China Demu— flimsy everlasting friendship a...“ and Wet Union, the puma“ of J. v, status ping. m," m we a, run A" between the Soviet Union Mm: Belmix-n wrath. sent by the Central Corn- rzratic Women‘s Federation. bt‘eeimble alliance miller oi the china-e Communist i'srlv the Cnmmfllee ol the Chinese People's by Joseph Vissariono- Pollllnl Consultalli'r anlttcnhn, bequeathed (‘unt‘Err-lice and 6'. Central Government People" dear teacher and great leader of "We, the people of China," Cl‘cll viafi‘smin, says‘ us become still more consolidated daily!" J’A . lam», m urn-y in “under the leadership of our grout i“, units. schools, ln Lulu Shu-tung, ttill‘t to Stalin, At this moment, the Soviet Ambassador Panyushkln. muncs, lhr‘ people have afitribute leader Chairman Mao Tse-tung and under the say? . already plodn 1“. ~ . god to are to rest their - people laying beloved (in the grand tradition guidance of the Chinese Communist Party, our) bequt‘ulht‘d b‘ and teacher. In in first:; Moscow, Peking, in with 'flnedast strains of The Internationale have ever mliy more Pledge to. . shoulder to shoulder s‘lailn, to (105va tilllltl struggle Ii)W gauntries where the people have taken power the crowds are now Lummunlll Party and to all the of the world headed W:plj'yed, and leaving stand .il ('lti\u peace-loving peoples with "it- unity into their own hands, in lands where the ups leave as Sm-lpt pmplp. by the Soyiet Union for the defence of world the great Square. They silently may still strive and W for liberation peace, all but with a renewed determination to Peace and for the construction of our great came, 'fiieDlwghts and emotions of the working p90- Motherland," complete the work of Stalin. 15* “V9 mingled and merged into one, in nun.- ls .. tensenr-v.s. a 1 )ttl! . “Hm“ "I ”‘5 mm; a revolutionary farewell to the Chinese common that grip. u“. guiding And Lai Jo-yu says, “The worklng of ‘ SnuarNtmm light mankind. class . bclorc the “I“ fully recognises that the Communist 1r ccrnmnny begins in have said their fare- ‘V " th: Party of “’Die Chinese people while: u” 5""! Phys the the Soviet Union and the ussR, rcrnluuonai-x- » Vond When the » Chairman Mao lays wreath at in v. Stalin Armed with the 'umuortal —Thr Inlcmntionale, anthem by Leno and Stalin is ever invincible. WflI J. loci of ““3“va the he is the 1‘ '5 his and the y portrait, paying tribute always the banner of the world‘s working (induct teachings prawns legacy V whole nation to a man who will under the leader- , “355 of At4..’i0pm n of [the live and and‘ the hisaorperience, they will, . Chairma progressive mankind power-4 Mao mm 0 mm sow-l lngcthl’ in the hearts of the Chinese flll Mao and the Communist Party- Amlunsadnr Pam-us 'fiiiever people. h:tstion of world peace.” He pledges that ship‘ot Tse-tung L. hkln. Chtl mankind‘s Chi-shim. Kim Teh, great star has fallen," says Chu the uf build a modem, socialist China. In- Kane audio. workers 01 China will stand even more China, inn 0! all Secretary of the Communist to know that Iho democratic thel- lowest-ma» Party. Vice- closely with the Soviet and learn from bidshhg farewell Stalin, they they parties. the rush, people ml and popular govern- man of the Central People‘s Govermnem the Soviet today in indestructible unity With the organisations. Union. .. At - It: nun ~ 5-00 lu- .. DJ'TL ot the bulwark oi peace—the U.S.S.R.Athe ~ People's EM!”’ " . |I(nty-¢.l"“ and. Qammandepimchiet “I vo s; \ hen-Ids the mo mm that Army, when he delivers his The s land that Stalin created, a unity that mmulcs‘ silence Lugeratlon funeral meeting maflrs the nation’s calm con- “It when. is our conviction that under the in the future) must transform w ‘the thoughts and aspirations of Moscow All fidence “We Coma is banner one force. “is a close quiet. At this man of Lenin and Stalin the united grief into strength—the strength of unity, tllc and Peking into mighty ml) anti lllulnun! on of the \lllagc. ere Chinese and Soviet peeples is Stmngth for the to deal friéidahip that guarantees peacegan'd happiness r-Ituys «max. ..3 tq'H ‘ {impala construction, strength l ;r-m v Handing ln anid invincible. Our is blows for mankind.- No power can stop the two pen. szlent on common cause sure to to all aggressors and saboteurs," says (nsol-row ’ march. advance from victory to victory." Huang Yen-pail pie: in their onward 23‘ People's China March 1'6, 1953 telecommunications, 6.36 per cent; trade and TOTAL EXPENDITURE IN I953 China’s 1953 purging, 1.92 per cent; and other construction Budget 13W, 10.62 per cent. As these figures show, and cum Expenditure thglgudget this year emphasises production Wuhan. V The budget shows how the material and _The huge 1953 appropriations for economic cultural life of the people is cared for meent, especially for heavy industry and by a government of their own choosing. capital construction, will speed up China’s in- dustrialisation Compared with 1952, there will I», the following increases in investment in v . o ow V fields: the and ’0’.“ Total Exuudlllre various heavy machine—building Ke ,o.o..‘...... //. Chin-lung . '00?:”o industry (in which investment is heaviest), mummmpoo 47.31 per cent; the fuel industry, 84.56 per cent; geological prospecting and surveying, 611.46 per cent; the building industry, 204.14 China's for 88.93 per cent; agriculture, budget 1953 submittt'd by . The budget shows, Minister Po I-po stated, Defiant; railways, NEWl’n l-po. Minister of etlfi per cent; and forestry, 123.33 per cent. Finance, and ap— that, “firstly, our finances are built on sound by lhc Central ln‘lhnking appropriations, the guiding principle proved People's Government foundations and steadily progressing; secondly, (,DUnCll on February had been to concentrate funds for the develop- 12', summarises China‘s 9n: state budget is a budget of production, a llnnncuil and economic of those industries which are of key progress during the last budget of construction; thirdly, the 1953 budget miii; mn-i- yours. It vividly forecasts the further flows that our country has entered a new stage Menace. (ti-volomnvnt of the national economy and the 6! large-scale and economic construc- planned ' ' sturdy Inipmvt-mcnt in the co ‘ In the current year many plants will p ple:‘ mammal tion which is centred round the major land development more million left over cultural life. than 30,000,000 yuan be renovated or in the iron of industry, first and built, expanded foremost, heavy industry." from the 1952 and the balance budget complete and steel industry, in non-ferrous metals, in is evidence of the sound- These of this year’s budget, in There will achievements. have been new of Chemimls and machine-building. ’ made even stage economic construction while a figme-l ness and of the country’s surccsslul has steady progress be more new or reconstructed coal mines, struggle been d to wgich began this year has become possible be- many rcslll U.S. wage finances. aggrcssion and to of oil fields and power plants. The People’s Gov— aid Korea cause the impressive achievements in re- extend huhlfitation since the founding of the Chinese ernment will greatly geological pro— the TOTAL Pmple’s Republic in 1949. Industrial and Budget of Peaceful Construction specting and surveying, expand building REVENUE tN new lines' of I953 “flammral production has, generally speaking. industry, build eleven railway which more than 600 kilometres will be relished or surpassed the pro-liberation peak New China‘s budgets have aimed in every opened in continue the various water levalsi This has enabled the state'to expand possible way at fostering economic and cultural to traffic 1953, for the production further, to increase social wealth. progress while at the same time meeting the conservancy projects, prepare plans the Han and Yellow Rivers -sh9ngthen the national defences and improve requirements of national defence. In the complete control of for allocatEd for and continue the of irrigated acreage. the people‘s living standards. In a short period budgEI 1953, the sum economic, expansion aufllcient capital has been accumulated to social, cultural and educational development launch China's first five-year in 1953. totals 138,335,100 million yuan or 59.24 per plan Consumer-5’ Goods and Culture cent of the total expenditure. The appropria- tions for The growth of the national economy is economic construction alone are The shows how the material and gem in the tremendous increase in both rc- ”3.527.600 million yuan (44.34 per cent of the budget Iota! cultural life of the people is cared for by a nenue and expenditure. Taking the revenue expat-diam), while 22.33 per cent or the ma) government of their own choosing Further and expenditure in 1950 as 100 in each 6353, expendiune Dl' 52,253,700 million yuan will be advanca will be made in agriculture in 1953, revenue in 1953 will be 336.29 and expenditure spent on national defence. with the aim of raising grain output to about This growth of the state budget re- 341.97. Under the of economic 175 million tons, or by 9 per cent; and cotton sulting from the expansion of production and general heading the allocation for which shows a to about 1,500,000 tons, or by 16 per cent, as the increase in the national income construction, coupled the There will with the 41.68 per cent incl-ease compared with 1952. compared with previous year. existence of an estimated surplus 0i industry enjoys priority; it accounts for 20.4 also be adequate development in light industry. will per cent of the total expenditure; agriculture. The output oi cotton yarn, for instance. - and water be increased by 9 per cent; cotton cloth, by his text as Minister forestry conservancy account for 5.04 Po I—pa‘a report is 9““‘9‘ and IS I 16 per cent; paper, by 6 per cent; sugar, supplement to this issue. per cent; railways, communications, post and 1953 25 People’s China March 16. hr pcl‘ ccn' abort the levels of 1952. At 1 mi“ 1952: and it will be 14.56 in 1953 (of tlu- «:lmo lime H 9 per cent of this year's ox- ‘7 10,99 is derived from the agricultural w'ml-lurv will be spent on social services, Cul— tax, the “public grain”). These figures show ilur and education. Whloh will be l2,475.000 mt While China is being industrialised, the lulllmn \ inn HIV‘H‘ than in 1952. wasants, like the rest of their fellow country- PLAN men, are enjoying a steadily rising standard of i7 'l'hnl this is esscnlially a budget of place- in] mnxlruclion is shown by the fact that the Alan Winnington flllprtlpl‘ihllllns {or economic and cultural cle- hie great achievements of the Chinese wlnpmcnl. togethel with the greater of p 1e as shown in the budget report once again part ,7 HEN two American senior officers fully st, then commanding the 5th Air "l" budget reserves which \\'lli be spent under e the superiority of the state and economic for and to the Commander of the 13th U.S. plans and directives , lhnv hl‘ad<, will amount ll) t\\‘(‘|' 60 of over that of exposed nor cent {tem People‘s Democracy b in base for B-Ee’s: war with the question which Wing Oldnawa, n! ”in total expenditure 'talism. the prospects waging microbes, ‘ Indicating bright bomb was faced statesmen and in The germ programme t lie before the China’s propaganda planners , people, 1953-budget ' t- in ' 1951, and Paris was: “How by the B-29’s, November, in contrast with the of London, Washington sharp budgets ”owed B—26’s and then by fighter— Main Source of Revenue " can America continue to germ wal- by which now long deny capitalist countries, are furiously aircraft of the lst fare?" bers, including ‘iliflialfll' in an arms drive, and which throw [’0 1-170": lepolt on the ne Aircraft , budget signed This was not because there was any luck Wing: ”burden of the re— allows lllol ml at bigger share of maintaining reactionary In in an eflort to stop lup- revrnuc is of evidence previously, but—germs are very May, 1952, tho gimes of a handful of monopoly capitalists onto was produt‘t‘d by tlcullve labour of tho s the front, germ warfare working small. Washington relied on the fact that the reaching rials. the slall- the shoulders of the working peoplel set by enterprises which are nnded and a ”contanuna‘tion belt” raising public in general are not experts in bacteriology pmiuctum and labour " the 'across the wa'mt of Korea above produrlmty. reducing and so felt secure in the massive llml flatly denying ' COM: and incrt- g their of cholera on the profit Profits international scientists and ital. The dropping oml laxcs Contrast With us. Budget proofs brought by of the stati- ’ task paid by cnlorpr . and of this belt was the laxes lawyers, thousands of witnesses, foreign cor— flank will by tho co-Ilpcrauvcs constitute 59.79 , per and U.Sl who hall has; cent at lilt- lull'li For 48.5 cent of the respondents captured pilots I'EVt'l'llll‘. This i, instance, per income efiorts were made to preserve Ctll‘npui‘es as well as evidence on us. takEn part in germ war, _.,,.‘8nlntense lax-nurnbh wllh 1950, when for the fiscal 1952—53 ' own per— this source fifths budget year eciall from their ac- secrecy. esp y munled til" the ground, germ bomb casings and laboratory only 34 03 per cunt or 1hr as from direct taxation of the individual. tter of national 0! budget samples. tlut your. It is a US. Government has allocated 74 cent striking illustration of per how the loading roll: in the nation at: its total expenditure, mounting to Us. :tl economy Orders From the Pentagon statements is one read the signed being played by its SlalO-llwllt'd “£200 million, to direct military spending. As No can of sci-tor, (socialist) The evidence of Colonel Frank Schwable in fir as peaceful construction is concerned, those two men, and particular ' Schwable: and Major Roy Bley is in a difierent class.‘ conlerence minister of Finance Po I-pa cited thE‘striking dam.tion of the germ—war These two of Staff and the lid)“ \lcnnwllllc, less men, the Chief took in the Wing Headquarters llllValL‘ and » 1813 that the 11.5. Government spent than place induslly rmnm Glee ' onf J; run. :lls.» maria Ordnance 0mm of the lst Marine retain any trcnlcndnlls million on Water the important and still progress. n 36 conservancy during past 25,“,1952, . l» Aircraft inside of doubtslosedisc 0 :l-nll-mbrrul lllal the Wing, laid bare the story facts which they larger years. This is a miserly one—hundred— whammy or the propel-mm”Stor tight Pen- Ilrll' lndlhslry and germ war: how it was ordered by the commerce ls in ‘flmisandth of the total U.S. for the n! tho ii" expenditure to Admission . capllai. All (again; how those orders were transmitted Mark Clark’s pl1\'ail‘ private enter a'nds me period and less than 1 per cent of the u. the Fuses the lower how it was car- the llnflun's welfare organisations; and in linc with ”naLional brill-haul and lhC 1m than US. $550 million allocated by the naturally, ried into of this new , American nlr~ livelihood will effect. It was the source ”3w warfare, the continue to peo< Govemment of China for water con- of devcl lhls Rapie’s in policy” denying gel-m yr-ar Minnie.— Pu evidence of gem warfare that caused panic t whatever doubts l-no slated that in the have tried to cas still ilop servancy period 1950-53! authorities be on impv-rtam 1119 capitals of America and her allies. these two part of stale the evidence of oficel‘f. ~ they cenupon ulrn-rtlr . to . prin‘xum Gad) me.. Colonel Schwable and der of unveil", ucm . MAjor Bley. Americas e m‘° N Such In the short half Genéral Mark Clark, Comman enurvnaes prlvate "2’ three and a yeers since the“ with, ln in difierent ways responsible for vital denials lfi‘e of the of “UN." founding People’s Republic China, in forces, spearheaded the of aspects at America’s germ wai- plan, stated amazmg admissions {fie speed and of its development in is“: one of the most, breadth separate and independent writtan depositiomi Peaslnls' every sphere has rejoiced its friends and con- thin whole alfair. avm"dad Burden - Lightened In October the US. Joint Chiefs carefully founded its enemies Year after year sees New 1951, Mhough ills by 0f mm disclosed Analher Stair sent. a directive to General Ridgway to the the item in the ’ China steadily towards inference Statxsg; an“ . advancing r ”9°r! whlch "fiemocratic 1'11 “mm deal .m-nlion merits Tokyo ordering large-sale germ war; Bley, Clark is life for the and i the relatin Ll- shelter the people along path of ”Wattle smaller sham This directive was passed on verbally 30' industrialisation blazed by the SoviEt Union. had do“e t0 lower General has remarkable advances that the the echelons, including m «barges and most guarantee probabalirlthat Wplllnlion. thu Mas“. . min no im .L. L"; ,l . up. mm as an. rein-ir a"... in the bend _ Kinds. They take ordinary decent family men, and to force them to do Celebrates 'giodtiflzans, try things China Soviefimrmy Day which are against their own consciences and ,aainst the will of the American public. They Woe man with threats of court—martial into l. Our Correspondent blindly carrying out a “national policy” which is aginst the desire and the best interests of ‘ the American nation. The Mark Clarks of the OVIET Army Day on February 23 was widely “It is common knowledge that historicalb' was used as a heachhea‘d world cannot understand that really loyal men celebrated in China. Highlighting the ”Fort Arthur area from which attacked In! loyal to their people, not just to their celebrations in honour of the 35th anniversary it!“ imperialists they it is a of the bonding of the Soviet Army, a Chinese Wt China; strategically important superiors the government delegation led by Premier Chou ”it v-In the present situation gal'risoning When such men are captured, they are in the Port Arthur area is or En—lai paid a visit on February 22 to Soviet oi'mel troops opposed to the manner of American in and “ready troops gaz-rison‘mg the Port Arthur area and first, Nance checking countering any Then find out that the Chinese flitting. they tormented them with medals of Sine—Soviet Wile schemes of imperialism" are mid Korean people also plain folk who want L Chair- ' iriendship and a banner autographed by Premier and treat their as wing the ceremony Chou prisoners generously, ' peace man Mao Tse—tnng. thinking human beings. In the end they de- En. gave a party in honour at the Soviet In a at the the Premier flfle' that their larger loyalty to the American speech ceremony troofial Present were A. S. Panyushkin, Soviet said: “The enormous help given by the Soviet to I. K. Soviet ”Mile and to humanity requires that they ex- China; Morozov, Army to the Chinese people in their struggle ~General in Port officers and pose germ warfare and thus take a hand in mailerit Arthur; lives wing it. to defeat Japanese imperialism eternally rdflgntatives of the Soviet troops and many in the hearts of the Chinese people." M‘. ‘ Government Deceived Them Paying tribute to Stalin, the founder and i “lithe evening the Soviet troops were on- commander of genius of the Soviet Army: Pre» So Schwable writes in his somewhat at song and dance Gal-Id m l. Mimic concerts, dramas, (rllhtl with A1 mier Chou recalled that the Army had anni- larfliined 3“an WWI of the military manner of a long-time career performances by five ensembles which accom» My Work,mulch] Land: pedantic hilated the nazi forces and delivered the Pet)- diam-n. lha U3. All- Force finer: officer when first informed Chinese Government to MW: Ind “...every Fania! the Delegation plan Dwnllonl In will!" ples of Simxtheast Europe from the yoke of the hinterla- that the United States is k'lul VIII-re h . using bacteriological Port Arthur. Knrn ' Hitler gang “This historic victory greatly warfare in Korea is both shocked and inspired the China‘s people and the Chinese At forums held in the various FLA. units 'med-~-- For these officers to come to by alleging that the men made People's Liberation Army who were then the to these and find that their own has marking occasion, armymen pledged as a molt ol Row government Luztitm engaged in a difficult and bitter struggle," he Soviet science and “mind-annihilating" flnolnpletely deceived them by still proclaim- learn‘hom advanced military mt: said. In his hig to, the world that it is not using bacterio- improve the P.L.A. in every respect. The evidence 01 out that the American message oi to Marshal Vassilevsky, Schwable and Bley. lucid logical warfare, makes them question mentally Pointing aggressors greetings and are speeding up the revival of mili- Clm Commander-in-Chie! of the P.L.A., cxactly dovetaillng with all the known all. the other things that the government pro- Japanese Tell, (an: 0.5. tarism with the aim of com- said: o! arm wartare since its inceptio claims about Warfare in general and in Korea converting Japan in it: own answer to Pletely into 3 us. war Clark. No one base and colony, Chou who read: specifically" “The Chinese People‘s Liberation Army Item can doubt that the said: “This of war and men who made these tin-la! policy aggres- Such words leave no doubt of Colonel is systematically learning from Soviet military nut-menu were “in the of the US, Government know" and in sion is seriously jeopar- full males and is even science" . i It is endeavor'lng to build itself up Gullrol of their mind» feelings, Major Bley dlslng the peace and of China and and, in addition bitt security the more outspoken. Their statements have the into a completely modernised army to safeguard at having been the tools of Far East." Washington's p0 cy inimitahle the of its Motherland and of teen! her ring of truth and authority, and the nullity preserve microbe war. “With the this ems-gentle of new situa- with the Soviet flats that they disclose are too damning for world peace together people tion," the Premier added, “Chma‘ and the On the to Americans and of all other lands. . . ." occasions that I met even to try to reply with any- the people these in Soviet Union decided on have but an September 15, they confirmed and e thing umbrella denial—continuing their nlnrsecl on their on a all cities celebration meetings amounts. “national 1952, the basis of proposal made by the In major 'flleir living conditions policy” of maintaining the “Milan." are ex- Government of the People’s Republic or under the auspices of the Sino-Soviet Friend- dun-nacho have In General Jerome it in the 25 China, plenty put May germ held in honour of the To postpone the withdrawal of Soviet troops ship-Association were wu- oonference, that germ war is not going on- from the jointly-used Chinese naval base of anniversary. The Chinese press gave pro. “The But for Port as for in to the news of the celebrations. wtth American ' who will read Arthur, provided Article 2 of mm prejudioa and believl ordinary people the the on of the Soviet Array," wrote mflty o! the “American statements of Schwable and Bley,‘ they are Silo-Soviet Agreanent Hart Arthur, pavntL and might way." “is for the benefit not only “has: Thlsgisithue‘i: as as until such time as a peace treaty is concluded the People’s Daily, from Clark‘s point of mundly convincing documents well View. For it Union but also of the whole of is bang historic signposts pointing the dangerous 'between the People’s Republic or China and of flie'Soviet road on which America is leading her “allies” Japan, and between the U.S.S.R, and Japan. mankind." 29 People’s china March 16, 1953 NEW FACTS RADIO PEKING on ENGLISH LANGUAGE BROADCASTS V NEW SCHEDULE BEGINNING MARCH I, 1953 Us So GERM WARFARE IN Greenwich KOREA AND CHINA Mean Time FTUIUBHCieS (kc/s) Metre Band DEPOSITIONS BY COLONEL FRANK H. SCHWABLE, FORMER CHIEF OF STAFF OF THE 151‘ MARINE 09:00-09:30 AIRCRAFT WING, AND MAJOR ROY H. BLEY, ' FORMER ORDNANCE OFFICER OF THE IST MARINE In...” AIRCRAFT WING, U. S. MARINE CORPS [3:30-1 [:00 Supplement to “People's China” March I6, I953 4»¢*nh.-4.1‘,L..eun-¢l DEPOSITIONS BY COLONEL FRANK H. SCHWABLE, FORMER CHIEF OF STAFF OF THE lsT MARINE AIRCRAFT W NG, U.S. MARINE CORPS MAIN DEPOSITION 0F COLONEL FRANK II. SCHWABLE North Korea talk over various problems oi the Wing. During this mnversation he said: “Has Binney given you I am Colonel Frank H. Schwablc, 04429, and woe. all the on the missions run by Chiei oi Staff or the lst Marine Airerait wing ulltzl background special VMF—éla?" I asked him it he meant “Suprop” (our shot down and captured on July 8th, l952. code nxme lor bombs) and be con- My service with the Marine Corps began in will bacteriological firmed this. i told him l had been given all fit the and l was designated an aviator in mm, seeing duty background by Colonel Binney. CONTENTS in many parts oi the world. lust beiore 1 rum in Colonel Arthur A. Binney, the ofiicer l relieved Korea, 1 completed a tour oi duty in the Diyision oi its Chief of had as his duties re- Aviation at Marine Corps Headquarters. Stafi, given me, quired that he should. an outline ol the general plan Colonel Former Chief of Directive of the Joint Chiefs of Stafi‘ Depositions by Frank H. Schwable, (it Incteriological warlare in Korea and the details Staff of the lat Marine Aircnft Wing, U.S. Marine Corps l arrived in Korea on April it). 1952, to take ovr-r or the part played up to that time by the lst Marine my duties its Chief of Sizfi of the 15! Marine Alrt‘rall Aircraft Wing. ...... , Main Deposition . . . . 3“- Wing. All my instructions and decisions were sub» The general plan tor bacteriological warlare in to Confirmation tile Assistant iect by Commanding Korea was directed by the United States Joint Chiefs Seeond . . 84 before I assumed Deposition General, Lamson-Scribner. Just til SHE in October, [95]. in that month the Joint lull Chicl oi responsibility (or the duties of Stall. Chiefs of Stafi sent a directive by hand to the Com- r . . . Third . a ...... 12 Deposition General Loosen-Scribner called me into his office to manding General, Far East Command tail that time General thgeway), directing the initiation oi bac- terialogical warlare in Korea on an initially small, Deposition by Major Roy H. Bley, Former Ordnance Ofl'icer crperimentzn stage but in expanding proportions. ' was to of the lst Marine Aircraft Wing, US. Marine COTPS ' 13' This directive passed the Commanding General, Far East Air Force. General Wayland. in Tokyo. General Weyland then called into personal ronterence General Everest, Commanding General oi the 5th Air Force in Korea, and also the Commander of the 19th Bomb Wing at Okinawa, which unit opmtes directly under FEAR The plan that i shall now outline was gone over. the broad aspects ol the problem were agreed upon and the iollowing iniormalion was brought back to Korea by General Everest, personally and verbally, since for security purposes. it was decided not to have anything in writing on this matter in Korea and subject to possible capture. Objectives The basic objective was at that time to test, under field conditions. the various elements or bacteriological warlore. and to possibly expand the hold tests, at a later date. into an element oi the We print in full this and the following statement: here without any editorial changes, personal styles of queuing and ponetuntion have been ten intact. March 16, 1953 THIRD DEPOSITION OF COLONEL FRANK H. SCHWABLE Flights would be made to the maximum extent lWle breach of security through fear of personhl over water and avoiding friendly territory. and bombs Whution, were to be jettisoned only in deep water at sea. ~"vtror the same reason, pilots were to be given a would be confined to the minimum num. Bombing-up of the to ta North Korea standard missions Will summary general operations date, to maintain the bacteriological eon- ber of fields~in our case K‘s 513's base at (Squadron um possible breaches oi security because of the tamination in its assigned area in the 10-day cycle. Kunsan) and K-s (Marine Aircratt Group 33's base Security Mil factor it they should think they were the first The other at until were units, whose missions were intennitr pohang) only, large-scale operations uni to use this unorthodox term at warfare, “hm thr» ordered from K~6 Airerait 12's base bacteriological wurlare program was tent, were scheduled by indicating “Suprop” tor, say, (Marine Group at ,'_ Dropping of a “Suprop” bomb on the wrong tar- r\ixnlllll'ii, nll sernrrty matters were reviewed at (irri- mission number so-undsso in Top Secret orders, and Pyongtack), was to be Pilots were to .-rnl gii: reported immediately. Jerome's .\iny i contort-rice. would use the “Suprop” code tor their reports. They Where practicable, a napalm bomb would be honour to tool that this was a vital responsibility— would send in their secret carried on the the run thing that was standard, despatch stating attacking aircraft and retained until emphasized in every stage that disciplinary action would or could be ol mission of the bombs were to ntt,‘no lnrcu-rrnlrrgrrul wrirtnre was numbers, type aircraft, target coordinates, bacteriological away, in order security and this cons lotion, but to keep an accurate record oi what areas .iuuian ullt- til the time over target, homhs (conventional ensure the destruction oi the it it had to mourr prolllrnls conirontiug the dropped type) plane by tire, h‘dd'boen contaminated. lot Murine ,\irvrnli or photographic exposures made, tiak encountered and crash. wing. ‘wlnlu we had no opera. other at were to be immedi- ltulldl any iniormation. a , ,Errenches security reported nuthurrly. ~Pcllrlty is an administrative mntter Immediately after, Top General Jerome turther directed that only a very Itrr winvh he were Secret would also be sent to 5th Air Force atgly Ind verbally. Any ofiicer Dl' man who nppeared rttspunx‘iblc in the 5th Air Force. despatch limited number of pilots in the operating units were the unit which would “Mission Nth curious about the pro- l’wn' "trims by reporting, say: to be involved and should he the more senior, persistently propaganda possible was taken to mislt‘arl they the number so was to be watched and .irnl to sound-so, many ‘Suprop'." this gram. very carelully reported rm‘lil)‘ deny ol these By mature, responsible men; that they should preterably knowledge operations to the General. included in the our method in code. the number a! dtrootta Any pilot pro- uwu personnel. they reported special be regular otiieers making the service their career. bombs on an otherwise normal mission. gum who appeared to be “breaking" in any manner' dropped and above all. must be men or unquestioned loyalty. ,trnnnu uilr own personnel. should in. who to become careless, rebellious, they become oi aircralt appeared tright- turn-us, the rum was to Any reports perlormance, tactics, elo. He also stressed that otiieers and men involved create the impression that amid. hesitant, etc, through combat tatlgue or tor the relative to the re- «[wi'lill mission" were bacteriological program, would be must be with the vital nature oi the secu- strictly a form ol impressed other reason, was to be removed highl to the immediately .permhred ported verbally Operations Ofiicer ((3.3) and rity its etiects on national and its propaganda which could not he problem, prestige schedule and reported to the General. twcml‘r disclrised bomb ditiiculties to the otiicer who tight-the flight ill the loss oi value it Logistics (d4) ehccts on current enemy action. Pilots must be made prenmturelv released person who appeared to be acting in a suspicious .iut ' would lurther to Any bet-nus.- the sourres had to report verbally the Commanding to feel that were a very select hand be saleguar'ded they group. picked orVIu-lnntural manner, was likewise to be reported to General who would or tin then decide whether he another 'inr and The was em- liu- r-nrmy slrlc. capability reliability. point General. bacteriological bombs stair would “E in be were appropriate oliicer report to 5th Air Force. to: it in can. dropped only in phasized “Forget Korea whenever you conrunction wit ll Fl Ht Srhwnble, (H429 \0 that Inc ordinary bombs those who and when you never heard oi it." spcciltlnod nature at the Only absolutely needed to know about go home, you attack could not ll the to ensure its efiicient were Pilots were Colonel, U.S.M.C. bodrlccted—or detected could not be Program functioning, to be assured oi their personal saiety evidence proved. tound on the Any to be informed. Normally a staff afiicer and his assis- from the eiieels oi the materials used in order to avoid 19 December, [95? ground would he claimed our side in tn- either by tant are of all matters within their section, . Cognizant legitimate P ro p a Emma , or dare mm“! if parachutes and cases. so that one oflicer is absent, the other can attend At the to any pertinent matters. it was not so with this contcrence on 25 hlav Jerome. that». General program. it the ohieer was absent and BY ROY H. FORMER lulsird by Grncral Lamson» cognizant MAJOR BLEY, (hr! the Scribner. we". an urgent matter came up, the question was to be DEPOSITION security measures that woul d nnlru be taken to the Chief oi Executive Corn» specifically modified. enioreed Stall, Ofiicer, ORDNANCE OFFICER OF THE lST MARINE manding Officer or other senior stafi oflicer, The reuou t opposed iniorming the Wing Medical oiticer AIRCRAFT WING, US. MARINE CORPS was that tho program could function without his knowing about itt The entire subject was mentioned only in nfiicial North Korea by n M/Sgt, Mcoarry, the Ordnance NCO., who had conversations business when it was to discuss and substituted su necessary it, worked for him, and who had been on that job for pug-nth“. ' then behind I am Roy H. Bley, Major, USMC, serial number “shrimp". only closed doors and in guarded toms sévernl months. special and terms. No 0l0450, 39, married with two children, home minions. ctr “Suprap” mission was mentioned in age My On the night at the 2nd at June, McCrarry and l the General's daily stall is at 1333 Orange Ave. Santa Ana, Calitornia, UsA. briefing. war: working alone in the Ordnance Section of the For approximately 5 weeks, until I was shot down Violations of security in this matter, like viola- G4 Oflic: normal. routine ‘ (Logistics) in North on the 8th of I was discussing tions at Korea July, l952. security of any regulation oi ordnance matters, and he briefing me on the details, equal importance. Ordnance Ofi'icer on the 15! Marine Aircraft Wing were to be the subject oi a general court martial. Pmltlhms and procedures at my job. That he Staff in Korea. night twin told me the main lads about germ whrlare as corn Only engine aircralt were to be used until The facts which I relate about germ warfare are ducted the it that timc. the 5th Air Force scheduled by Wing the use ot AD‘s (Skyraide written by my own tree will. HE that VMF-513. Marine ers). I arrived in KS, Korea. on the 28th of May, 1952 reported Night Fighter 5|3 located at was "m as list MAW Ordnance oiricer on Squadron K-8 dropping Etrlll Kunuri". . and was «it up r . night operations and assigned Thu wold has Only high~altitude phOiD’ bombs start- to pertin. the 29th. The [or the 3rd Bomb Wing there. They ind convey me graphic reconnaissance would the following day. previous Wing Squadron 5|3 flights employ speclhl ed men hld Waggon that had for the States in the dropping them early in 1952 The Ordnance conducted one ol weapons until the AD's were ordered to Ordnance Officer departed :tullloritiess participate from VMF 513 had been trained and Issisted in the n reoccuring, in daylight. early part oi May, 1952, leaving the job to be handled 1.1 Supplement to People’s China March 16, 1953 M4m gm amt M ,2, m7... ’1 W arm/aw Want 2;. Maw 4?.” 7247 A»... .4 4 x32: “'7‘ M M «”9 11.2.4. _ Max (M ,WJWAAAHLmd‘m7t 2m“ pJfi.” wtwwfm THE 1953 STATE BUDGET OF THE [sf/”17 z ((4.1 4%ana PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA 21/ ///z “grad Msmdgfitjb-IWWMZL4:12... yes/IQ mgmww’ifl7m;M; f‘v’” ’ (‘6. A Report by h’ (M HI. P0 I-PO ‘1‘") (mun-nu ol excerpts mm a. Mum of Major Boy 11. aley .ircasc in supply 0' germ bombs lo lhe lsl MAW. Colonel Clark and lhe other officers concerned, Colonel Cllrk wls unable lo Come wilh me The verbally. cunlerence was held in lhe olllce ol llie Commanding 0n lhe 7th of July, Colonel Clark nolified me that Ollicer ol lhe 6405": ASW. where I also mel the he wls calling a conference cl MAG-l2 and MACIrSE Ordnance Ofiicer nglgfics and Ordnance Ofiicers and some ofiicers of Unit ol VMJ-l l learned ll'ui lhe 5405lh ASW had been Supp1y. the Special Weapons Squadron to be an the lolh of to discuss lhe ing lhe germ bombs to lhe 3rd Bomb Wing at K8 held July problems arising a! a! the increased use mi bombs. since December l95| firsl in small quanlilies and wt germ Next day ln find: 3 to KS wilh [he 15! lhen larger deliveries Delivery in K~3 had cum. 1 mp MW Chief of Slafi, menced in Much ul l952. Calonel Schwable and had a preliminary talk wilh the Group 12 Ordnance Ofiicer. He told me lhai he The Conumnding Oflicer slaled to me (ha! Feam» would be ready to establish a bomb mm (Far Eusl Mllerill Command) had nolified him germ lacility there as soon as ihe team to handle them had com about lhe Isl ui June lhal the Isl Marine Airtralt was use their lraining ai K78. This would be around Wing lo increase lls ol germ bombs al K3 pleted and was also lo establish a the 12ih of July. germ bomb Supplv at K a. l wenl over all llie this slme delails ol requisitioning and 0!! day. July Blh. l952, on my way hack delivery. codlnu lypes and reports to [(-3 from K45 wilh Colonel Schwable, we lost our We lhal course and were shol down fire behind the lgreed Squadron VMJI would continue by ground In Iron! lines in Norlh Korea. send their own requisiliuns lor germ bombs until lhe bomb germ dump was eslablished al K6 and Ray H. Bley lhen all (or both to China" requisitions groups would be made Major USMC, 010450 Supplement "People's by me lrom lsl MAW Headquarters. Thul wnuld be North Korea. [953 pmund I I” these March l6, August. pissed decisions on to 2m. January, 1953. THE 1953 STATE BUDGET OF THE M" PEOPLE’S REPURLIC OF CHINA A report to the twenty-third negated: of the Central People’s Government Council onJfiebmru-y 12, 1953 J13 In by P0 fin Minister of Finance of the Central People's Gouernmerll 1- . OMRADE Chairman. Members of the Council, and Swim; thirdly. the 1953 budget shows that our Comrades: nnd mm has entered n new since oi trim—scale i am reporting today to the twenty-third session Plfllfléd economic construction whim Is ccntrcd round oi lorutnost hrnvy the Central People’s Government Council on the thisllwalapment at industry. first and thc drum or nil may state hudgct tor 1953 and ask ior its examination and Manly. lnduslrialisation has been approval. the Chinese people tor the past one hundrrd ycnrs. in his wttrk, Un Coalition Total revenue for the state of 1953 is Chairman Mao Tscrtung budget be a. wrote: “Without industry. there ran .\ 233,499,100 million yuan. Total expenditure is 233.- “Whom. no weiiare o1 499.100 million yuan. Revenue balances expenditure. m sand national defence, tin-Uncopic. or the nation Under the oi lrom taxes HIM-o prosperity and power headlng revenue. receipts I dream is lining turnt-d AZ: make up 49.12 per uni; receipts from state enter» shill by step, the great l' prises, 29.97 per cent; irom interest on loans and insurance, 4.4 per cent; and from other sources and n construction beginning sta e M economic _ the estimated trom rundc surplus inst year's budget, 16.51 in tgelgelxsedgon the achievements cent. three Iiul‘lrll1shh: per at oi the stare restoration past. le 0' ”' 'him»° Under the ol arm-rs and complete "““Y heading expenditure, Appropriations struggle m4 us l0! national economic construction and social, cultural ourmntry in the past three yam "“2" ““mmmn to 0’ and educational projects form 59.24 per cent. Appro- iolve the serious problem cf""°"".c 1". itinerant our state now Plialians for national economic construction are “.65 The condition or relentircym “me Per cent more than for 1952. Of these the From its devastated, crippled principal Condllmnvalnurnland 17"" Our industrial items are: for the heavy and machine industries. an onto rounding. m W“nurtured"5 pre- increase of 47.31 per cent; for the fuel industry, 84.56 clutttion has. generally speakinm sur- Most trendy her cent; for geological prospecting and survey, 611.46 libmntm peak levels items has " hz\:ll This construction “m 9er cent; tor projects, 204.14 per cent; has»! this level or surra‘sscd the firs: to stnrt if for the railways. 83.93 per cent; for agriculture, 61.44 math! it possible lor us inunc his I.” consiructmn I.25 her cent: and tor torestry. 12838 per cent. National Marya:- plan 01 economic a telence make up 22.33 cent of the foundation tor this plan appropriations per flit-"W“ 'r our cannlry's lotal expenditure; administration. 10.19 per cent: other the state at e reason why .n d“, by 1.56 cent: and total layments, per reserves, 6.63 per is sound and steadily b-scd mere“Isingly bu 3,, Cent. ol '3‘" pr°"§:,‘. “1‘ dayis that the revenue state: up In lrliln— 0! the American people is wlr, mounting tan/Lion. cent in 1953. The principal portions sums to per reduced real wages. poverty and are actually directed ttbn, soaring prices, our slele budgetary expenditure the the niitloilill economy anti raising unemployment. in dt'H'liiplllg " and cultural level. oi the Union to Congress on iii-optic. melt-rial living standards in his state Message are also aim- usfilnbled lllv :imirirprlnliuns lor natiunlil dclence fimuary 7 this year, Truman painstakingly economic construe» an to that the r-rl at snh-punnhnn our rritlntryk some figures in efiort prove imperialist us. lirrtiliooti. the condi- a heart tor the The . ii tllltl the ilt'nplo\ Despite wolves still “have people." its million ii on i .h-r slut-h ”to suite is actively lillildini: up Government is said to have spent “nearly" $5 , and our are in This ri.- ii. .puinst U.S unorrssion people on water conservancy the past eight years in themselves to slrcnutiicn the struggle to item of Truman mentioned r-wrtup 1. only expenditure de- ’ nth: .' mt lis rl-ssmn ltnll ind Korea. national comes to one-hundredrthousundlhl , this respect. It only more 22 cent tor the same» ieurr ailirtinls l'ur only jll~t than per oi the us. Government's total outlay 111 10:33 The the total nt lllr lttlnl ('\1l|'lltlllulu appropriations period and less than l per cent or expendi- tuitx’truclion u the Chinese int ultilitllllt‘ flrlll uultnrnt plus large ture oi 12,716,600 million yuan spent by it tllt- ltillll 'u-r‘fl' hunt,» to he spent on these in the four years pull 1' ffiavernrnent on water conservancy 1llllrt' till cent at the total at the heliis .uuouui to llth [N'r 195053 (over 11.5.5550 million if converted o'Ilu-ltil lure these- , diderent rates oi exchange prevailing during President had the audacity \l.i~ .»\.tlli~nt Ivnlnrt-s of our Sittlc fins-mes cm- yours) But this ex-U,S. that "we have demonstrated, phat it print» the superiority oi our slate and econo- to claim in his Message how mir .ii that our has not wit-in people‘s Danni-racy, Although our up to now, democracy iprgotten to the state .inri iii-int spit-in and financial situation at to use the powers oi the government promote prcu—nl l: belittlil tllmc ul Illa Soviet Union, which people's weliare and security." he. reitlm'nl Socialism and is to» too already marching is it not Clear that two dificrent worlds, MW kiln turd. tzonununisin. we, like the other Demo- two People's ditferent state and economic systems, result in alaun, or: "swelling I similar to that ol Suit Enflmrim pllh the diametrically opposite financial systems? bowel Union The Siwlcl Union ol today will he the nu |.lllnl oi tomorrow, 01" m L ESTIMATES OF THE mm mW Mm“. million yuan. Increase? 13.15% .bove orlghul unnamed The tindgrts oi the u illlist eountrie 1953 STATE BUDGET very opposite oi the budgrts oi the Snvisetalfnitohne the 1953 burl» Chlnl and other people's Democracies. They an; lacilitate my expldnation at how with in the interests oi the . was I would like to dual briefly I952 solely hourgeois ruling class T0; get drawn up, EXPENMTURE nut. 11 (‘nmnde G Mnlenkov has said. “a wales oi the fulfilment of the 1952 budget. means b' ’ooopoqooo {—1 'hldl lhc hlllluflllrfi url roh ltie The “ state lor people." [army- It can now be atrirrned that the budget my.» source Bl the tip-l hudgellry income in main well fulfilled, capitalist the year 1952 was in the very mnlnn does not come hour the as sppallingiy hu e exceeded the original estimates oi the Actual receipts monopoly Clpilallsls. hut From the has an daigly well as exceeded expenditure. The budget Kit“ oi the masses ol poverty-stricken ukimated of over 30,000,000 million yuan. w“1.1;“ 001‘:nt surplus 'l'he budgets are almost entirely de- W fopeope. the Revenue: Total welt 189,278,100 million reactionary state machine receipts ca'm-lnllmmz 19.15 cent above the estimates. This the interests ol the exploiters and yum per original Mm” egli'ierds lllc various million yuan, 4.86- exploited to meet the includes: taxes, 96,2l8,200 the irom l,“mrrnuhte‘zllalsllnceolbut: law oi" Dent above the original estimates; receipts economic modern "in ufiumwnmm “ “ 25.99 by Comrade Stalin. ante enterprises, 46,578,800 milliun yuan, per' ‘1.“ “mm“ M is namely. flounder}.maximum capitalist gent above the original estimates; receipts from in» an nylon“ proht through on loans and million oi the 'firat insurance, 2,510,000 yuan. m’m'y 0‘ iii: £31330on “Valli/“ism“:o te ‘v 56.49 per cent ol the original estimates; other revenue the and systemfliymtfbiwr: 23,971,100 million yuan, 71.21 per cent above :«iflwk :{tsiz‘rment original estimates. marries. mi ”PM.” than” in": ‘Irs Ind a! (he $12331”. mliturisatiotn nation-1 mo.m Expenditure: Total was 163,215-500 . utiltseu [or expenditure «lithium.z or "K, m, million eSfi' M “ain‘t-"Ire yuan, 2.75 per cent above the original ew- 0! the US. he. mates. This includes: expenditure on national Nuiolul Ecmmlc “5 P" not year $5249 nonnc construction, 73,069,900 million yuan, 2535 P" mmwdmt"shop 01 the M “Out. white 14 lug? cent above the estimates; Comtrnnlon l ”’1“ original expenditure mlnllcg: °.' "3‘ upendiiue. social. cultural nvv‘ nrlnu-rlflnnnl nnninnl: 99322 million yuan, 95.39 per cent oi the that have been attained in the various area now of the state in admin- original budget; developments is free from the menace Ordinary floods. . ace. the tunds spent by administrative nhpenditlire, 19,336,900 million yuan, economic fields and raised the level 01 industrial and The water detention project in the Chingkiang section labour insurance in 1952 reached more than o5l7 cent at the other exA to per original estimates; agricultural production greatly exceed that oi 1951. of the Yangtse River has been completed so that lllL' 5702.300 million 83.35 cent oi pendituro. yuan, per menace oi Yangise River floods has been reduced in the In the field of industrial production the output original estimates. the vast plain between the ltangtse and the Han With ‘these funds. 217,550 rooms have been of pig iron in 1952 increased 31.45 per cent over 1951; River as well as in the areas around the Tungting pccommodata about one million people. In The 1952 state budget completely ensured the steel, 41.05 per cent; electrolytic copper. 29.43 per Lake. China has augmented its irrigated acreage by there have been important improvements in requirements at economic construction and national cent: pure soda, 33.80 per cent: caustic soda, 32,11 over 1,600,000 hectares. Parallel with the achieve~ medical treatment, health, cultural and recrea- thicnro, it also ensured the continued oi per cent; cement, 10.95 per cent; crude oil, 24.94 per stability ments attained on the various water conservancy llcilities and other living conditions at office prices throughout the country. to the cent; electric power, 2956 per cent; coal, 17.79 per According fronts. preparatory work tor the complete control at 11nd workers. All this constitutes a part statistics oi state the Dent; cotton 29.87 cent: cotton cloth, 36,53 trading organisations, general yarn, per the Yellow and the Han Rivers has continued. r201 income. it‘liolosale price index oi commodi- per cent; paper, 50.81 per cent; and sugar, 28.17 per nitytwo principal ‘ iu-s in 1952 Four hundred and seventy-two kilometres oi new in» December, in seven big cities (Shanghai, cent. -¢- result of bumper crops, the peasants' lines were constructed in 1952. Two new rienisin, Siaii and railway » Is also increased. Shenyang, Haiikow, Chungking, , greatly In the field of agricultural production, output in the and the rienshui- tzrinion) dropped 5.4 per cent, compared with the railways, Chengtu-Chungking 1952 included tons of tons 163,750,000 grain; 1,292,000 Lanchow lines. were to tratric. in addition. have an corresponding month oi 1951. Among these. niaior opened enterprises played important of raw cotton: 202,000 tons oi tobacco; 52,500 tons ol 602 kilometres oi lines were includr inod items 14.9 railway repaired. and the iris (excluding grain) dropped per cent; mull”_. humping production increasing iuei. 132 tea and 1,710,000 ions of marine products. the line section oi the per cent; industrial equipment and materials ing Chinlingssu-Chengteh (c the peasants and other working people. The 125 mitt per cent; cotton and Chinchow-Chengteh line), the YzhposhourChillicng is a new form yarn cloth, 0.3 per cent: for and producers' co-operative and Except iron, coal, sugar tea, production line in iehol province. the building materials, 9 per cent, since the nsingshutun-Chengtsetuan atlon in which the peasants have been tur» market of all these items exceeded or exceeded the ol greatly line and the Niuhsintai-Tienshihlu line in price grain had been too low in the Liaotung on the basis of mutual in labour. past, it was annual in the M‘muanised help raised 1.9 so highest output pre-liberation period. Province. The construction or the 140kilometre per cent as to allow the peasants to be such cooperatives were expanded to at)» double-track line between Harbin and was reasonably benehted. field ior water con- Changchun in number. the same in the of construction work ,. y 4,000 During completed. Construction was oi three new servancy in 1952, the etiectiveness or flood-prevention begun paid, over 2,600 handicrait producers'boopcrativcs In 1952 tlier1~ was an lines—irom Tienshui to Lanchow to increase in both tile total works along various rivers was continuously streng- Chengtu, up By the end oi 1952, there were already revenue and expenditure ol the state. This is Wunsiaoling (a section oi the Lanchow-Sinkianiz the re- thened and the huge amount oi over 1,000 million m. inn 34,000 supply and marketing co-operatives \‘llll nl (lie native labour of the line) and lrom to Pro- workers and peasants metres at earthwork was done. Alter two years Fengtai Shacheng (in Hopei 11sz total membership of more than 141 million. oi our cubic country which has about the Vince). The construction of a railway in the lorest i brought new or harnessing work, the greater part of the Hpai River area irom Kutur to the Tuli River in inner Mongolia THI‘inerease in the income oi workers and pea- was also begun. Restoration oi the Paochi-Tienshui sants has markedly raised their purchasing power. line is continuing is the sales oi necessi- INCREASE OF W proved by growing daily INDUSTRIAL OUTPUT IN 1952 statistics In 1952 China's total tonnage oi rail height was Awarding to preliminary compiled by 131 million and tax the total sales 01 tons, an increase 01 18.46 per cent over 33'‘(iate trading agencies, this in 1952 reached 1951, and in terms of ton-kilometres, it was 59,461 plate trading organisations %ofl’5l‘ million oi 60.93 cent million, 15.4 per cent more than in 1951, The 91315000 yuan, an increase per over 1951. a com- total tonnage oi motor transport handled by state 01 this, sales oi lew important Mti. were as cotton owned facilities was 4,030,000 tons. an increase of follows: cloth, 69,216,107 In 140.4 per cent over 1951, and in terms of ton-kiln- increase at 41.42 per cent; paper, 157,998 in— metres, it was 255 million, an increase of 89.5 per 11m}. increase, 47.46 per cent; sugar. 187,722 tons, 55.05 cent over 1951, The total tonnage oi cargo trans- fmu. per cent; matches, 4,354,831 packages. 73.35 in~ ported by stateowned ships on the China coast run mouse. per cent; coal. 24,237,700 tons, Cruse. and inland waterways was 5.312.000 tons, an increase zamper cent; kerosene, 145,155 tons, increase, of 49.6 per cent over 1951. It was 3.950.900.000 tons 14332 per cent; edible oil, 212.509 tons, increase, 10335 kilometres. an increase of 54.6 per cant over 1951. per cent; and salt. 1,614,500 tons, increase, 24 percent. Retail sales by cooperatives in 1952 totalled With the development at economlc enterprises. 49.214300 million yuan, an increase oi 160 per cent the iiie has undergone iurther people's improvement. ova; 1951. The total amount oi business Irans~ the otiice During year 1952. employees and workers. 1: , as done by state enterprises. co-Dperatives and as well as government personnel throughout the industrial commercial concerns increased without Prly’ltg and country were. exception. given a wage in- by 519.73 per cent over that 01 1951. crease. According to preliminary data compiled by Statistical Bureau. the State wages of office employees With the improvement in the people's material in state and workers enterprises in 1952 were gen' "in. their cultural lile has been gradually developing. increased H to as eraily by per cent over 1951. The The total number oi primary school pupils has of personnel were an related wages government raised by 50 million, an increase ol 15.9 per cent 15 to 31 average oi per cent over 1951. This is as am 1951. Secondary school students totalled as money wages are concemad. In far terms 01 real 13.090300. an increase oi 50.2 per cent. students in at the workers. the increase income is much greater. institutions oi higher learning totalled 202,000. an 1953 March 16, 7 Supplement to People’s Chit“ not adopted average advanced norms but backward W at the method oi drawing up a sulricient COMMODITIES SOLD IN I952 norms. Nevertheless, the financial and economic m or cutcgorics and rates at taxation. Conse- organisations failed to correct these defects, there occurred deviations in which taxes I95I m, Increase over (fl). Another defect in connection with revenue is that we too heavy or too light were imposed. ln and bureaucracy commandlsm have not yet been up- alter the wit [rm movement. there were still carrot: 4““ rooted in the who. work of tax collection. As a result of her of Industrial and commercial concerns CLOTH this the working style, policy at the Communist Party d In and tax evasion. Some even mmm bolts ‘ smuggling and the Government at People's times could not be ed to put themselves right despite repeated warnr 414“ carried and it " out. was even violated, Although the l There were also cases of and tax 'APEI smuggling Work oi the collecting agricultural tax has state Some or- I31”! Ion: improved , by enterprises financial year by year, there are still some problems which ticns either tailed to take steps to prevent this have not yet been solved First on the SUGAI completely, flight afial‘rs occurring or to take firm action question of tarmlund and detcrm the ards. . “47.12: len- measuring ing MK proper output, the central authorities concerned failed to investigate and sum in time the the field of the weakness HAYCNII up ”In expenditure greatest experience acquired in different in this work the lack or strict examination and control uuul Mam places Moreover. they failed to issue new and concrete Lighten,.lmdmls. so that the estimated expenditure in 29.53 directives in the of COAL light the difierent conditions in rainy organisations was not well planned, or diflerent localities. In out smut» to- carrying the task, most 'tq’uneccurate and inadequate, or was drawn up local authorities also failed to survey and measure not observed. and inaccurate um but Incomplete plan- rarmlands in a and “nouns systematic planned way by ning resulted in too many supplementary budgets ”5.15. In. relying on the cooperation or working teams. allele at the items or expenditure in these supple- trained in and familiar with the technique and policy. misty budgets were dill'icult to toresce due to lack um and the thus of EDIILE OIL peasants, dllrerentiuting the yield in experience and were lherelore necessary and ren- alum I— accordance with the at quality land. Instead they Ioéeme. But there were also many items or ex- adopted the method at first a 21 measuring standard penditure which were unnecessary or should have man and but determining its standard output and either reduced or postponed. Some of the plans ‘thi... .._ then the estimated - calculating output of the surround slmld not have been submitted or approved at all. ing larmlands. In some the Butane fo cases, they adopted unwarranted over-eagerness or irrespon- method of random and or making surveys measurements. silitlirlr just “doing someone a favour." they were tnrmic cl is; thereby resulting in either an over-estimation of Submitted and without due rcnl . consideration per ltospital beds tll approved Chm. rough and in I952. This has under-estimation of the arable area and then lulllled UNIX.) In production practise economy and output. investment had to loliow. number. an increase of per cent l-‘rlrn 3:“; been achieved by Chairman Mao Tsc-tltng's shows drew a following in total audience oi Again, some places the policy of tax reduction . ii In. an 55o amen: leadership and the united charts or the All these mistakes mums at or, cent by or committed by various quarters per exemption in accordance with the law was not people throughout China. This achievement signifies maltreparahle lmm bureaucracy in the accurately carried out, not where leadership. .nrrr the same time that the linancial work done in 1952 being granted From now on up prienuc has cit-veiled at we must start out with severe criticism Tu reduction or exemption was due or ilu- mommy has been mpt‘ndlturE. was basically correct. being granted of and mete out rrslnrell and it bureaucracy punishment to the worst where was not due. In some as A result of pr‘trx hunt in in developed, places main derllned. bureincrats in order to overcome these and the However. it should be pointed out that serious lack of concern tor the interests of the col- resolutely nu'r'Jl and tullural lite people's masses, mhuku. has heon and more» raised. detects errors still existed in the financial work Iection and delivery of grain to the “ill the finnnc II and This grenaries gave economic 1952. Etlorts cor- llrn \Ilte situatio gl must he made to overcome and rise to incidents death or to men and ha‘ taken I 0‘ causing Injury I. m “53 lurid-mental lurn Ior them in STATE BUDGET not the e rwt 1953. Iivestock. In other there in glut u.tun-cment has bit places occurred delays been made er" .l the on th° the to gre.t surms “5‘5" as sending public grain the granurics alter col- or t he ' As tar revenue is concerned the defects were movement I Is the year china her lirst MN lection, lossest Also there are begins five-year plan uggrriuon and aid Korca. US. due to the under-estimation oi industrial thereby causing place5 lend relorm primarily [hasnl construction. To achieve the to Iii where, merely for the sake OI the was general aim of aupplru movement flld commercial taxes. tax and the “speed," grain mutilu-revolutionaries. the a ugricultural pr0' industrirlisation. we must, on the one mdln‘rill and do ol loaded into the granary before it was and no hand, lay rrimlnerc cl justl'ncnt fits at state This under-estimation ol tax dry, enterprises dur‘ enterprises. on the or put in i attention was to the emphasis development heavy industry and year and. revenue was due to the paid preserving grain afterwards. up .- particularly, the sort inadequate estimates of out our This also caused losses. actively carry capital cunstmction; and. on the rn-tcmt‘nts Ind lhe rig-these in c: developments industry, commerce and we must agriculture, "1:.an tully utilise the potential capacity :5 well as of the ol and tax In the work of industrial and com» or possibility smuggling collecting gusting enterprises and try our best to increase evasion was by some industrial and commercial concerns. mercial taxes, there a very grut in and improvement production practise economy so as to accumulate Under~estimation of the OI state 1952. However. in some arena, in some and profits enterprises trades. mg ~upltrl needed lor industrialisation. The 1953 was due to the fact that a number of state as regards dih’erent assessment in difierent arezs. enterprises budget to in keeping with the country's situation we cases of a rather own ‘here were incorrect assessment 0! taxes hazy about their assets. the capacity :13requirements. it is based on the indices or the of their or equipment. their norms and the market and over- under-marging. At the democratic dis- 1933 output national plan. lt is therelore an important and Wndmont the lacked a evaluation of thc cussions in which levying of the taxes had to be MM task ol They proper the people. at every enterprise and Initiative and decided. concerns with either Ion or too small creativeness ol the workers. Caner great emu-torrent department throughout the country to a of business were olten mute wally. when they fixed their production tasks. may volume chosen as typical the correct realisation ot the 1953 state budget. Supplement to People’s China March 15, 195.7 The total revenue oi the 1953 state comes The budget its) expenditure tor administration amounts to increase in proportions so rapidly year alter year? t policy oi the state to correctly dcveloo to in. 233.499.100 million yuan, an increase oi 23.36 million . per mammoth) yuan. or 10.19 per cent of the As already stated this is due to the superiority of v: role. cent over 1952. The total comes expenditure to his! expenditure. our state system of People's Democratic Dictatorship 233.499.1110 million an increase at 43,06 enormous increase in the financial yuan, per cent 11:11 the based on the of budget Other amount to by working class. alliance over 1952. l" p) expenditure 3,647,900 is a demonstration workers and This is dun-to the ’5 stated above. primarily on or 1.56 cent of the total peasants. superiority yuan. par expenditure. and construc- 1 01 our economic 1‘: industrial output capital The 1953 slate budgetary revenue ialls into rhe system with the socialist economy will make Total reserve lunds come to as the . industry lollou-lng (our categories: gilt. (5) 15,483,701] leading lorce in the national economy. Sucll outstanding developments. William yuan, or 6.63 cent of the total state and ' per expenditure. economic systems make it possible [or the the iron and steel the non-ferrous (1) Tax revenue oi all kinds amounls to industry. 7“ working class and the to A ext peasantry develop steadily and the chemical 114.635.2110 million yarn, or 49.12 per cent oi the comparison between the 1953 budgetary industry industry, great their initiative in and to create more and total 1. ltare and the production \Vlil continue to he made for the renovation or revenue. or this amount, industrial and corn. ‘, estimated expenditure oi 1952 is more wealth. Our state have direct murcial taxes of all Y'l'ollows: funds for national economic organisations of thirteen kinds constitute 37.46 per cent; construction existing relatively large plants control over state ensure the ever-in- enterprises, . ones. The agricultural lax. 10,99 per cent; and other 0.67 increase 41.65 per cent; funds for social, cultural construction of eight new output taxes, cl these ccnl. creasing output enterprises and exert great 1953 14 pt-r educational projects will increase 55.86 per cent: iron for will Increase by per cent. eiltlrts to lead the masses of the in "ii: for national defence will increase 22.15 peasants develop- 23 per cent, copper 39 per cent, lead Profits per by (2) and lands set aside lor ing production. At the same time also lead the . depreciation and lunds lor they 1 and zinc 54 cent. . administration will at state increase per enlerp and local state enterprises amount bourgeoisie to operate, the proper lines, 99 per cent. along private to 69,985,200 million or yuan, 29.97 per cent at the industrial and commercial enterprises beneficial to total . revenue. 01 this amount, state enterprises ‘.> MI: following table serves to illustrate the the nation‘s weltare and the people's livelihood. large plants will be constructed in 1953, contribute 26.36 per ccnl and local slate entcrprises tritium-em in China’s annual financial revenue and n existing ones renovated or expanded. rim cent. ' prr hire since 1950. our machine- and A most noteworthy aspect oi the sources oi . rindnde lleavy~machine-bullding revenue is that the taxes and the made automobile (Bl lrom interest on paid profits nlnctric power equipment plants, Receipts loans and insur- a 1950 and 195] represent actual rec (Figurts far the state at machine ance lutul: i0.280.000 million by enterprises and taxes paid by co-opera- shipyards, etc. in 1953 the output yuan, or 4.4 per Cent and expenditure; those far 1952 repreunt lives constitute a and industrial 11! till: total revenue. rapidly growing proportion year ‘1 be increased by as per cent, . revenue and expenditure. The figures for alter year, This is illustrated the table: 153 per cent. - by tollowing machinery by (4) Other revenue and the are In [950, 1951 and estimated surplus oi V budgetary figures. I952, the amount was than while this preceding year to 38,548,700 million M greater axperm't‘iult. y”! 11753 \‘tlan' ’ 1950 1951 1952 nr 15,51 per cent at the total W balances This collierles revenue. V expzndi‘ture. explains, raising shafts in Northeast China‘s Percentage or state revenue rtical as base. the lower percentage for total revenue out in 1953. or A comparison between the derived 1mm tax pay- carried Twenty-six pairs budgetary revenue oi cu with the compared percentage for total ments and made inclined shaits south ol the Great Wall 1953 and the estimated revenue («195-7 profits oi 1952 reveals the in 4nd I953.) by state enterprises and reconstructed. In 1953 nine power plants iollowiag: revenue lrom taxes oi all Militia kinds will in- tax it 1950 1951 1952 1953 pay-um at co- ~- died or and another three crease 19.19 per rent; receipts tram slate expanded, enterprises operatives 34.08 49.35 58.33 59-79 will increase 50.29 a, MAL REVENUE ., 109 204.65 272,911 33519 hyltbalectrie stations and twelve power stations per cent; receipts irom interest , trom taxes at r in 1953 will on loans and insurance diner-rue at state revenue The at electric power will Percentage ' output increase 309.56 - W per cent kinds ...... 195.45 y. all 100 ma.“ 5:14.14 derived irom taxation i 27 cent and crude oil 42 cent. Revenue treat other sources will dccrease by per by per by logg'M .i' Industrial and corn. cunt paid by the .. 29.83 113.17 17.08 1‘55 per peasants and the r mereial taxes .. 100 195.72 230.88 292.75 'Govlogieal prospecting and surveying Tire of state revenue 1953 state b' Agricultural tax . 100 11959 154.01 13457 Percentage in 1953 . will be budgetary expenditure m _ . indiutry greatly expanded a) he derived from taxation divided into the five in neoeipts from state to hands at industrial The out- lollowlng , development. categories: indus- ...... paid .p natal-prises 199 35110 5357110492 by private 17 cent and timber Funds tor pufat ballast will increase by per (1) national construction tram interest trial apd commercial amount to ,,,.,;nseeipts cent. 138.355.1130 million yuan. or 3232 28.66 24.06 22-36 381:1 59.24 per cent oi on loans and insure Enterprises h! total in.‘ ,1”, expenditure. 01 this amount once 109 173.49 76.61 the I; 913.13 , will also be l0! expenditu ’0 PMuctton in light industry appro- nation-l economic construction revenue 100 291.55 511121 454.31 It be out that . is Mother should pointed taxes paid by 103,527.60 PMeiy Maloped in 1953. Cotton yarn will register yuan. or «.214 per cert. the Private industrial and commercial with tilt million expenditure concerns, Mrhtnase at 9 cotton cloth 16 per cent, soclll. cultural and lo? 1050 1951 1952 1953 per cent, cducltloual Exception of the income tax, are actually borne by projects totals 9-9- 6 per cent, and sugar W per cent. M.W.500 million or yuan. 11.9 mammal. . the pol cent. Cl TOTAL consumers, primarily the workers and peasants. [or the nltiond economic . . 100 17432 239.74 34297 and that all the of industrial and corn. those irom expenditure construction. the ,Tlnu: profits private “an new railway lines, including expenditure lor industry is the National economic con- th? major item. bei meroial enterprises are, nevertheless, created by mto Chinyukwan and irom Tienshui to Chengla, per cent ol the total state struction ...... 100 202.29 421,01 595,49 lie expenditure. The workers and For this reason it should mstructed in and more than 600 kilo- turn peasants. villi: 1953, ior agriculture. and 5.13:4 Social. cultural and lorestry water the basic aim at all the economic and fins ial pull- Mata-Willi be to trsiiic. Railway trcight wlll is 501 educational projects 109 177.91 29570159119 opened pcr cent: lor railways. communicat'conservancy _:. “Es to and the initiative or be - at China uphold develop Iii-eased 7.1 63,800 million . cent, National detence . 100 171199 by per reaching and 6.36 151.30. 134.111 telecommunications. per cent; for the class and peasantry. But it should also and water and .. working IB’.’ 22:11:15: “Administration ioo 1:12.93 147.25 131.05 toriiilometres. Highway transport limiting. per cent: and lor other ' be the same ‘otlaer expenditure 100 136.55 pointed out at time that all private indus- telecommunications will also make turthl-r construction . “DI-eds, 10,62 um 3225410555 regions per ‘ trial and commercial enterprises beneficial to 1h: (2) The It can be seen irom the above table ihnt the and the still upendltare inr national nation's weliare plow-2's livelihood are deicnce Mal stlte revenue in 1953 will increase mm: to 51253.7“! million 336 timefis the China- wmndoas will be continued in yuan. or 22.38 ‘mlmrtant to present economic lite at development 11 the Per cent M the total will increase total upenditure. expenditure 3.43 fimv l’rlvate industrialists and businessmen also contribute winners tor 1953. Grain output will be increased ”@1950. Why has it been for our possible budget their share to the state's nuances. 1t should still be brim: cent. reaching some 175 million tons; cottone Ml to 11 Supplement People’s chin: March 16, 195: STUDENTS :ttqss) l953 I I951 - l knocks Pas-dry 1 Junior "(0nd!!! moot- seah» rem-r: 870 000 schools snun- urn ms V//////////////A-l— onduy schools tor workers and inu- ll|lrl » VW— . seooridsry tech-ii» all school. Soaoudary t-eh. W— ‘ ers' list-in. i set-mt W— Colleges and unit i rersitirs x_ —l' W— ‘i g»: para a be to ment at the Korean question and other Far Eastern theclrinese people can only determined it is that problems. But the us imperialists, persisting in fighting alongside the Korean peopla. no. .fl to stop the their of not Wei-are We are willing lllclrt: policy aggression. have learned imm warlike. ‘ latermar” their hiluru in China and Korea. By “1555“"?! 0” mice and leave the remaining questions iur is not willtng jtt e the forcible detention of P.0rW's and breaking oil mutt. But (is. imperialism to on. llowetu irons"; 15 the armistice the the will go per cent. reaching some l.500,000 negotiations, they are holding up Alright then, lighting ions, tuhac 47 schools to "guy co' training by 7,4 per cent. reaming 360,000; settlement of atlll wants right. ‘N-r mm. and in. [6 per cent. peaceful the Korean question mu Urs. imperialism we and students 3.9 per cent. moment when arewmmg gollege university by to extend the Korean war. to the actively preparing They (ugh! it, right up - “(my The lor at nip‘t01isc the com - 220,000. pru‘ccls lete , reaching the moment cnnlr have further directed their lackeys, the Chiung Kai- tInuit. right up to and Rlvcls will he \ungting The numbu of beds in cities will in- shek to make raids an us. For this for the Chinese and Korean peoples cfmlinucd maligslamiaantlimr m hospital brigands, reason. renuratiun .n the Lake Off! a Tungtmg will he crease 10 and beds tor the of our cannot but continue to task ‘lle carried out, by per cent, reaching 94,000; pecple muntry indicates that our complete (ontrul oi the The above Line River with chronic will our national deienees and the to ltuittzclt. started and patients diseases increase by 68.77 strengthen struggle to the Pm"(I; preparations matte tor the gigantic. According preset“ start of tite resist us, "Mm“ mmplnte per cent, reselling 45,000. aggression and to aid Korea. They have are trot oi the Man can. uur revenue and expenditure River. The i “M Mt prelimi"My drsit to be even more vigilant and be prepared at any srnrledhalsnrelilE fur the plan The number 0i film teams will increase that we have just annotate mnlrol ol the projection considering “I,” reHow River time to smash whatever attacks or raid: the enemy mg" be drawn will 2.000. and that we still lack esperienco, up The by react-ling 4,040 teams, and lantern-slide pru- y'eir plan is l led expansion at i launch. in his to the Fourth t list we hate "i“ rritz-ted will might Closing speech enditure the be mnllnued. acreage jectors increase by 20,000, 40,000. 59 Some necessary e xp reaching session of the First National Committee of the Cili- tum!S to ’muee Wh ch will requ re supp Measures taken to raise oi in line a-ntr ’ the living standards nese Political Consultative Conference. noun cvmenitnry economic co People's The the a! nsli’ucllun. c It the oi all sole throughout . d will also be work people nationalitles will be continued in chairman Mao declared: . greatly expanded in 'rse-tnng hm charts to in mad“ 1953, to irfake great ensure Gen"m school ii: is on‘hytzléeon primary education. limited "Firstly, we must the to resist the fiscal that the budget to .‘1 approximwork strengthen struggle year Million pupils. will he The expenditure on national delence for 1953 ooneentrated Urs. and to aid Korea it is necessary to there is a budgetary surplus on aggression . rails-wlng comes to 52,253,700 million earmarked bond _ educ-tiun. the yuan. This is continue strengthening this struggle, because U3. number at tor The items at revenue include a m] ' our national delence to in V enls. corn 3 strengthening saiegunrd insists on detaining the Chinese and nil-um?” \ill increase imperialism to be tioated at a suitable ”m by 93 per eent. 1952‘ the independence of our Motherland and the wellnre ism time Korean prisoners at war, wrecking the armistice the attic: thiyws' semndar, salinnl ulchinggarziovovg-h at our tehe voluntarily by “I W students by 48.4 paupie. The task oi our national defence is and wild bought busm per'cen‘'t negotiations making attempts to extend the and autism“ students serve industrialists the in aliart-ter to the economic and cultural interests at 0|" in en. peasants. one hand. war Korea are. on 370.3;'0! and aggressive National bonds ”e m peasants by 62 ~ people and the country. my M” peaceiul tureign policy oi our countrY‘ and. on "item. mould-w taehniesl em... .2273“: 11s. nMnIn a: . _ s, . "We are for beau. But so long no US, savings or the DPODlB: thz'o‘ __ ““5 The! it when We must saliva work. It is to intro- .nn.- nnghtv rircrs Small amounts oi money. mattered immediately. learn this extremely only by tmpormisstble w”. lower nests, eliminate waste and strictly :tt'ilnnitlutvil. “'1” play an active role in rmtional important art. duce norms that are too low, that: can be fulfilled m3 economy. The matter does not end with the construction or cveriutfilled much too easily. It is necessary lu of funds. To reduce udministrativc Secondly. active eiiorts must be made to incrcalc whiten resolutely overcome conscrvuttve tendencies that fall to a minlrnum, the financial organisation 'I x-swntlnl nouns oi ensuring a halnnced told and accumulate to Wm: production capital. iully develop to strive to the initiative and creativeness oi uxnmine whether the size at the stat? and the n this develop 3W1 got .ll it striving litr budgetary surplus yi‘dr existing potentialities and to oppose conservutism in the working class and to exploit the potentialities of leh‘ative expenses of each state enterprise and h n. .. i- tln» stati- int-nint- on the thSlS oi int-roused production. The chief method for increasing stale enterprises. The practice of setting aside a margin : uhment and government department comply pr. .tntnnn and thc reduction oi financial outlays meuue is to increase production and accumulate against emergenciu or other mtingencles is a viola the of simplification. and ' principles efficiency \Alu‘rt'Vt'! punslltll‘ 'nn our revenue he incrcasoil and It can he seen irom the state that capital. budget lion of law that must be criticised and If At there are u number at state ri-iltitiul \Illl iiirtlicr? Our answer is punished. my. present iipintliturr- that v”? solution oi the prohlem oi capital tor national ‘ we actively increasu production, increuse the volumi- prizes and establishments and government u is. to do so To translate this F [itloolltlc possihility industrial construction depends largely on the of business transactions and lower production costs ts which have been set up with too many nun ri-nlny, we must struggle against working lllinully oi capital hy enterprises. Whil: ‘pzcumulation existing ta needs and in nll state ol follow too a in t’tllulrucllrln u'urk. conservatism in according possibilities organisntlon. complicated proud :tgninst produc- some equipment ior new construction can be ordered wits and also in the rural areas too and are tion nnd waste in enterprises, throughout dun; are slow in their work excessively uni-inst enterprises and ittlmtnlstrn~ learn abroad. the greater oi them must proportion China and in beneficial to the This is a waste. lt\l' urunnfi private Enterprises “find. very grant depend on the oi industrial Edit] production existing nation's welfare and the people’s livelihood. it Will this is to Exterprlses. For this reason it is essential to mate say certainly be possible to continue to increase the state [party in 1942 Chrinnan Mao Tse-tung, while reasonable and renovation oi existing the readjustment revenue. tor the oi the army and lirntl). plnnning oi the work oi natitlllril con. calling practice consolidating pleura. to utilise existing industrial equipment rational- in Ilberated said: \trmtI-l'l llluxl be strengthened and working tho; government areas, hlinilly ly and bring their potentialities into iull play. Tn Thirdty, financial supervision must he strength- llltl\' in- opposed rinr stair- economy must lie tit-volup- this serious the work oi ened. economy and waste ""‘ln the course of the of con- at n .r "thriller. jam] task. administering strictly practised opposed. enlorclng policy tI|.tIInrtl other sectors oi the eco- in all must be iurther To ensure the correct of the and the we must no ..i "ill-ti production existing enterprises financially implementation sdlldifing army gnvcrnment. improve their planning step in stcp nnrlor and oi in terms oi the the of national construction the lines at the five oi and tln- ot the state any vestiges thinking plan along attain objectives good quality simpli. tonitcrslnp economy without a unpaved must be The cost financial must from now on and urnnrii nninninl lor ‘ supply system' opposed. econumy, organisations city? untficfition. efiiciency, economy, overmmlng plnn economit~ di-veloinncnl. tho tamer must he The introduce and financial i...... n.-rtt oi pcmunnng system thoroughly practised. seriously strengthen supervi~ chimney. These five objectives seriously street our ilvl'vlitlunvilt lntltth’trlill titlil ilQ'lt‘ui» luv-ll Mia oi utilisation oi existing machinery and equip- sion, They must, first and foremost. exercise financial and financial work. Once the of [trotltlt‘ltitll and other L‘nlcrprlsm would We policy he' must he increased. Lahour in . mihle in min»: the ment iully productivity supervision «surprises. cemhduting is carried out, nonrproductive exandt- (llrjl‘cllvc I'l‘tlt' rt-rnetits of . must he .nonnr the 1951 raised, output increased. quality improved. tm‘wtlt be cut down and the revenue from produo development. lnidgel .ti-i-otes state The ud costs lowered. msing financial supervision over which in turn will not erprndiimr industrial caprtni production keyto “all villi Be increased, unly in ctmslrtlt‘lti‘n or enterprises is to financial administration dutstvz At strengthen eitects on the state at our sluntfiuntr. the some time tll(' All the state should sum and Wm salutary directly tnidget enterprises up at the must make a rnsurn the g'mtmd lads. Every enterprise but will also the burden and steady and propnrtinnnl advanced fillirwus. lighten pcople's progrese or -.opulnrise experience. evaluate and deter- timely for and in accord- ..~h.r rilnslrurltrtll 1n plan analysts expenditures their economic conditions. Such evils as ensure Ulr- r.~ahs.ition norms in a institute the improve oi tins mine output planned way, ance with and adhere to it p:.n oi cutn‘litlctlon. all the mm scrupulously :llrmur for each his plans not in line at make lull use oi WW, Independence. going with system responsibility. stockrpiled For this purpose there must first until foremost be a thr- unineil xt-lc plnn must in- own— may in our economic and financial must opposed, The vario neterlal, guard against and reduce set-up lads us nverstucking. sound financial und an nt nntlunltl curulruclinn organisation lndependent bu rid and we must Establish a must first and tdnllnlstrative casts. Commercial should got Di; warking iorc. departments in Without these two must liter! the needs oi the state accounting fistula enterprises. that is unified. amenable to command. and and the tlomosti mmctcntiously and the am matter investigate study purchasing conditions. it will be to the costs :\I lht- same time, -C impossible compute «thin to fudlltute u cl our prevnilmg oi the and their needs, the move~ thumugh prosecution the amnion... power people expand of and business from financial prhtpcctng and production operations and With such a unified suf\'l:_\lilg at national ‘lri of avoid between points programmes. system resmme: mm commodities. discrepancies estimates and and the so~called and ultra technical conditions accounting records. in work will be increased. must he and and the oi com- Hmllshed. efiiciency taken inla supply marketing overstocking coordination between and financcs becomes Accuunl. And the mks must be plunning should bl: in all our carried on und modltlcs. accelerate the circulation ol and Economy practised organisations direct-on oi capital No nutter whether it be a state enter- the unified national meaningless. in and those concerned with economic and plan and he em “the! turnover costs. The communications and generll. on the ifm“ or establishment or a ltnlncul caplctl)‘ ot the silt! prise government department, finmcial work in The result at this li cult: departments should their particular. pra'c- not within the stat. transport strengthen plans all must be accountable to the slate finlncial pl-n and system can cut down a (it ltnnnctul [or the and tiee oi economy large amount undelllkrn capactr‘l)‘rl:ws loading transportation of gouds. eliminate and financm for their In unnecessnrtl} or discipline expenditure. wasteful disbursements. pruxmturr-li \Qlldremm in; transportation oi in umsary, Furthermore. taking Into an‘tiunt the any commodity opposite any of funds. the financial cnlrtltliuns making approprlntltm those of our in economic and d e directions. accelerate personnel engaged exerting such indisno'nsvlll‘ m the turnround of vehicles and must Whether its enterprises. there will organisation minutely investigate fiulncial work should rid of whatever burnalb he'n. vessels. and ecunamise in the use oi state funds. get the \‘Ilc use is Otherwise. a sum cannot be “renaming plan, idlc proper. lump cutie some at a serious that nnlionll seeping an: mils“ practicf—s. very nature, ‘enllh n-i “Ming in all state must After the appropriation has been made. diverting the state's l enterprises the production norm appropriated. may be found. such as corruption and grail. empty Inculrlnfi utnrn ‘0 must outlet. inn-c - the the financial check ncttltcr a man-m be average advanced norm which can be achieved orguntsution systcmlticully the "‘V tom-lily, meaningless standardisation. and red tape." dn'rtopmenl nt lndusl °" each unit observes ‘3' nor have mm“ up on whether strictly iinanoiat vllh '0 advancing the who ““1an d° whether it use its tor the It is still to use those words at Chairman 'A term discipline. nppmprlations appropriate derived rrom the system of payment used purposes specified, Mm- there are tunds lying idle Map 1394qu to criticise many at our state financtat musty before liberation. under whioh the mic nrovldu mu. or wasted, whether it fulfils tn terms of weeks or and economic organisations and other administra- living quarters and other necessttlfl to its emulayw and their lamilies the standard oi um For this reason in accordance with a fixed standard- months quantity quality indicated tive organisations today, strict nre Mlnmer 0! Finance is here rarer-ring to the pantie: in the national plnn [or It: production and capital cumin-lion and supervision must be exercised over where an enterprise asks the suite to provide it with The financial must the size of stalls and the of administra- uuppllea and construction organisation super- expenditure personnel without taking into consideratton mt oi vise every enterprise in a responslble way to ensure tive of state enterprises and estublishmenis production. profits. the needs 01 the state and tha organs mfimal of its The plan—Ed, P. C. accurate lmplementntion plans. increase pro- and government departments. authorised sin Supplement to People’s Chiral Mu‘rch 15, 1953 15 ol stud and production norms must be enforced; Soviet Union, popularise all advanced working at unnecessary levels organisation must be reduced methods. develop the patriotic emulation drive in and procedure simplified. Those who practise bureau- producthn and the campaign to practise economy and crncy by sitting in their oitices and issuing direc- [ti-Mm planned figures laid down in the 1953 state lives and orders without examining the carrying out bfldwt oi the work must be opposed Some of the personnel in the administrative organisations must be released Threu years ago when New China was first estab- to augment the personnel of ground-level plants and lished, our finances and economy were still in dllv mines. Not only every enterprise but state establish- icultiu. the state budget still had a deficit. Our merits and government departments should draw up trauma calculated that although we had achieved their regular plans inr practising ewnorny and iulhl military victory throughout the country and establish- them seriously, carry out periodic inspections and ed the people‘s democratic state power, nevertheless, on the progress oi the fulfilment at those without them in economic aliairs we would not b: report plans. ’ to do in order to luliil the plan, to increase produc- slate anything; that we would be sure to t ’l. But hots have that it is tion. strictly to practise economy and luliil the glorious proved they who have failed. In the last three our task at 1953. we lime to iuliy mobilise the power oi years production has. generally the working class and the entire nation. speaking, been restored to or has exceeded the high- est level; the state of our Comrade Stalin has pointed out that "ID push inr- pro-liberation country's fimnces and economy have taken a fundamental turn ward our industry, raise its productivity. create new (or the better. Now. under conditions of continued cadres oi industrial builders. Correctly carry out resistance to U.S. aggression and aid to Korea. we socialist accumulation at capital, sensibly use the have begun the five-year plan of national construc~ xccumulnled capital [or industrial needs, establish a (ion. most stricl regime oi eoonnmy, tighten up th: state nppnrutus. make it cheap and honest. tree it from the in luture five-year plans, we shall huild great rottenness and dirt that hld got into M in the process numbers of large, modern factories and mines. the oi our construction. carry on a systematic struggle 11):! of which never existed in China's history, and lglinst the plunderers Ind squanderers oi the state marshy basically transform the face of our this tasks country. property—all represents that no party can iulni without direct Ind systematit: support oi the The Chinese people, under the leadership of millions~slrong working class masses. Thereiore, the Chairman Mao Tse-tung and the Communist Party task is to draw the masses millionssirong ot non< crud“. will be victorious In whatever they under- Party workers into our whole construction Work." ukz. We are fully confident that the tasks set by Our task: today also Iii: In this Di: state plan and the state budget for 1963 will be We must set |lle llllsscs in motion to seriously tinned. so that we shall create favourable conditions study the ldvulced construction experience or the for the beginning 01’ the first live~yur plan