The Caucasus Globalization
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Vol. 1 (4), 2007 1 THE CAUCASUS & GLOBALIZATION INSTITUTE O STRATEGIC STUDIES O THE CAUCASUS THE CAUCASUS & GLOBALIZATION Journal of Social, Political and Economic Studies Vol. 1 (4) 2007 CA&CC Press® SWEDEN 2 Vol. 1 (4), 2007 OUNDEDTHE CAUCASUS AND & GLOBALIZATIONPUBLISHED BY INSTITUTE O STRATEGIC STUDIES O THE CAUCASUS Registration number: M-770 Ministry of Justice of Azerbaijan Republic PUBLISHING HOUSE CA&CC Press® Sweden Registration number: 556699-5964 Registration number of the journal: 1218 Editorial Council Eldar Chairman of the Editorial Council (Baku) ISMAILOV Tel/fax: (994 12) 497 12 22 E-mail: [email protected] Kanan Executive Secretary (Baku) ALLAKHVERDIEV Tel: (994 – 12) 596 11 73 E-mail: [email protected] Azer represents the journal in Russia (Moscow) SAFAROV Tel: (7 495) 937 77 27 E-mail: [email protected] Nodar represents the journal in Georgia (Tbilisi) KHADURI Tel: (995 32) 99 59 67 E-mail: [email protected] Kamil represents the journal in Turkey (Ankara) AGHAGAN Tel: (312) 491 60 97 Å-mail: [email protected] Editorial Board Nazim Editor-in-Chief (Azerbaijan) MUZAFFARLI Tel: (994 – 12) 499 11 74 E-mail: [email protected] (IMANOV) Archil Deputy Editor-in-Chief (Georgia) GEGESHIDZE Tel: (99 – 593) 31 77 29 E-mail: [email protected] Akif Deputy Editor-in-Chief (Azerbaijan) ABDULLAEV Tel: (994 – 12) 596 11 73 E-mail: [email protected] Vol. 1 (4), 2007Members of Editorial Board: 3 THE CAUCASUS & GLOBALIZATION Zaza Doctor of History, professor, Corresponding member of the Georgian National Academy ALEKSIDZE of Sciences, head of the scientific department of the Korneli Kekelidze Institute of Manuscripts (Georgia) Mustafa Professor, Ankara University (Turkey) AYDIN Irina D.Sc. (History), Leading research associate of the Institute of Ethnology and BABICH Anthropology, Russian Academy of Sciences (Russia) Douglas Professor, Chair of Political Science Department, Providence College (U.S.A.) W. BLUM Svante Professor, Research Director, Central Asia-Caucasus Institute, Silk Road Studies E. CORNELL Program, Johns Hopkins University-SAIS (U.S.A.) Parvin D.Sc. (History), Professor, Baku State University (Azerbaijan) DARABADI Murad D.Sc. (Political Science), Editor-in-Chief, Central Asia and the Caucasus, Journal of ESENOV Social and Political Studies (Sweden) Jannatkhan Deputy Director of the Institute of Strategic Studies of the Caucasus, Executive Secretary EYVAZOV of Central Asia and the Caucasus, Journal of Social and Political Studies (Azerbaijan) Rauf Ph.D., Leading research associate of the Institute of Strategic Studies of the GARAGOZOV Caucasus (Azerbaijan) Elmir Director of the Department of Geoculture of the Institute of Strategic Studies of the GULIYEV Caucasus (Azerbaijan) Hasan D.Sc. (Philosophy), Professor, department head, Institute of Philosophy, National GULIYEV Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan (Azerbaijan) Stephen Professor, Russian and Eurasian Studies, Mount Holyoke College (U.S.A.) F. JONES Akira Ph.D., History of Central Asia & the Caucasus, Program Officer, The Sasakawa MATSUNAGA Peace Foundation (Japan) Roger Senior Research Fellow, Department of Politics and International Relations, University MCDERMOTT of Kent at Canterbury; Senior Research Fellow on Eurasian military affairs within the framework of the Eurasia Program of the Jamestown Foundation, Washington (U.K.) Roin Doctor of History, professor, academician of the Georgian National Academy of METREVELI Sciences, President of the National Committee of Georgian Historians, member of the Presidium of the Georgian National Academy of Sciences (Georgia) Fuad Ph.D. (Econ.), Counselor of the Chairman of the Board of Directors of the MURSHUDLI International Bank of Azerbaijan (Azerbaijan) Vladimer Professor, Senior Fellow of the Georgian Foundation for Strategic and International PAPAVA Studies (Georgia) Alexander Professor, President of Georgian Foundation for Strategic and International Studies RONDELI (Georgia) Mehdi Professor, Tehran University, Director, Center for Russian Studies (Iran) SANAIE S. Frederick Professor, Chairman, Central Asia-Caucasus Institute, Johns Hopkins University-SAIS STARR (U.S.A.) James Professor, Director of the International and Regional Studies Program, Washington V. WERTSCH University in St. Louis (U.S.A.) Alla Doctor of History, professor, head of the Mediterranean-Black Sea Center, Institute of YAZKOVA Europe, Russian Academy of Sciences (Russia) Stanislav D.Sc. (Economy), Senior researcher, Institute of World Economy and International ZHUKOV Relations, Russian Academy of Sciences (Russia) The materials that appear in the journal do not necessarily reflect the Editorial Board and the Editors’ opinion Editorial Office: THE CAUCASUS & GLOBALIZATION © The Caucasus & Globalization, 2007 98 Alovsat Guliyev, AZ1009 © CA&CC Press®, 2007 Baku, Azerbaijan © Institute of Strategic Studies of WEB: www.ca-c.org the Caucasus, 2007 4 Vol. 1 (4), 2007 THE CAUCASUS & GLOBALIZATION THE CAUCASUS & GLOBALIZATION Journal of Social, Political and Economic Studies Vol. 1 (4), 2007 CONTENTS GEOPOLITICS FROM THE TRADITIONAL TO POSTINDUSTRIAL STATE: GEOPOLITICS AND Jannatkhan SECURITY IN THE GLOBALIZATION ERA EYVAZOV 6 IS GEORGIA FOLLOWING INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE OF NATIONAL RECONCILIATION BY REJECTING Nani THE RETRIBUTIVE MODEL? MACHARASHVILI 12 THE CONFLICT IN ABKHAZIA IN THE CONTEXT OF GEORGIA’S INTEGRATION Archil INTO NATO GEGESHIDZE 27 RUSSIAN POLICY TOWARD THE NORTH CAUCASIAN PEOPLES: Svetlana ITS TRANSCAUCASIAN ADDRESS AND CONTEXT CHERVONNAYA 34 GEO-ECONOMICS AZERBAIJAN ON THE WAY TO THE WTO: Fariz LATER BUT SAFER? GASIMLI 48 GEORGIA’S EXTERNAL SECTOR: Iza CURRENT STATE AND PROBLEMS NATELAURI 56 COMPARATIVE ECONOMIC COMPETITIVENESS OF Nazim THE CENTRAL CAUCASIAN STATES MUZAFFARLI (IMANOV) 61 Vol. 1 (4), 2007 5 THE CAUCASUS & GLOBALIZATION NECROECONOMIC FOUNDATIONS AND Vladimer THE DEVELOPMENT OF BUSINESS PAPAVA, IN POST-REVOLUTION GEORGIA Micheil TOKMAZISHVILI 84 THE BAKU-TBILISI-CEYHAN PIPELINE Aysel IN THE CONTEXT OF HUMAN RIGHTS ALLAKHVERDIEVA 95 GEOCULTURE CONFRONTATIONAL COLLECTIVE MEMORY Eldar IN THE CAUCASUS: ISMAILOV, HOW CAN THE “CURSE OF THE PAST” Rauf BE OVERCOME? GARAGOZOV 101 GEOHISTORY OSSETS IN GEORGIA Mariam LORDKIPANIDZE, Georgy OTKHMEZURI 109 THE OSSETS IN THE SOUTHERN CAUCASUS: Oleg NATIVES OR NEWCOMERS? BUBENOK 119 6 Vol. 1 (4), 2007 THE CAUCASUS & GLOBALIZATION GEOPOLITICS Jannatkhan EYVAZOV Deputy Director, Institute of Strategic Studies of the Caucasus, Executive Secretary of the Central Asia and the Caucasus Journal of Social and Political Studies (Baku, Azerbaijan). ROM THE TRADITIONAL TO POSTINDUSTRIAL STATE: GEOPOLITICS AND SECURITY IN THE GLOBALIZATION ERA Abstract ow do geopolitical factors affect the factors on security. At the same time, a H conceptualization of the security question is raised of how sustainable this sphere and how does the level of trend is; an attempt is also made to re- such influence differ from one type of state trace factors contributing to the restoration to another? The author holds that the de- of dominant influence of geopolitics in the velopment trend toward postindustrialism way security is perceived in the states of weakens the effect of geography-related the globalizing world. I n t r o d u c t i o n Today, the international political system as a whole and the state as its component are living through changes that are normally comprehended in the context of globalization. These transforma- tions have inevitably affected the concepts of security that are gaining ground in various societies, and the extent to which security is influenced by geopolitical factors. In classical interpretation, security and geopolitics are intertwined so closely that it is sometimes hard to distinguish between them. In the absence of globalization, the problem of delimiting these two concepts would have been less impor- tant. In the new type of postindustrial states, security and geopolitical factors are interconnected in a different way from in the traditional states. This developed against the background of traditional ideas about the state. Vol. 1 (4), 2007 7 THE CAUCASUS & GLOBALIZATION At first glance, this discrepancy presupposes that the geography-related factors have become less important with respect to security perception in postindustrial societies. Is this really a sustaina- ble and irreversible process? What can revive the classical ideas about the security-geopolitics tan- dem in the postindustrial world? These and other issues related to the development specifics of the security sphere (which is living through a period of globalizing transformations in the international system) in different types of states are the key realia discussed in this article. Geography and Security Anyone analyzing the role of geography in state security inevitably comes to grips with the question posed by the historical evolution of each state, as well as the ideas about security. We all know that the social and political systems of states progressed from the preindustrial to the postindus- trial stage together with readjusted ideas about the threats and the role of geography. Under Louis XIV, the French ideas about security differed greatly from what this nation thinks about its security today. This observation is not limited to the relatively secure modern European states. In fact, it was not so much their geography that changed as the political component of their re- lations with the neighboring states. There is any number of theoretical explanations of this. Some academics point to