DOCSLIB.ORG

An Essay in Universal History

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
An Essay in Universal History AN ESSAY IN UNIVERSAL HISTORY From an Orthodox Christian Point of View VOLUME VI: THE AGE OF MAMMON (1945 to 1992) PART 2: from 1971 to 1992 Vladimir Moss © Copyright Vladimir Moss, 2018: All Rights Reserved 1 The main mark of modern governments is that we do not know who governs, de facto any more than de jure. We see the politician and not his backer; still less the backer of the backer; or, what is most important of all, the banker of the backer. J.R.R. Tolkien. It is time, it is the twelfth hour, for certain of our ecclesiastical representatives to stop being exclusively slaves of nationalism and politics, no matter what and whose, and become high priests and priests of the One, Holy, Catholic and Apostolic Church. Fr. Justin Popovich. The average person might well be no happier today than in 1800. We can choose our spouses, friends and neighbours, but they can choose to leave us. With the individual wielding unprecedented power to decide her own path in life, we find it ever harder to make commitments. We thus live in an increasingly lonely world of unravelling commitments and families. Yuval Noah Harari, (2014). The time will come when they will not endure sound doctrine, but according to their own desires, because they have itching ears, will heap up for themselves teachers, and they will turn their ears away from the truth, and be turned aside to fables. II Timothy 4.3-4. People have moved away from ‘religion’ as something anchored in organized worship and systematic beliefs within an institution, to a self-made ‘spirituality’ outside formal structures, which is based on experience, has no doctrine and makes no claim to philosophical coherence. Clifford Longley. That which is called democracy is always in fact plutocracy. The only alternative to the rule of the rich is to have a ruler who is deliberately made more powerful even than the rich. It is to have a ruler who is secure of his place, instead of rulers who are fighting for their place. G.K. Chesterton. Israel is where Jews are. It is not a line on a map. Israeli Prime Minister Golda Meir. The death of God does not mean that man will believe in nothing, but that he will believe in anything. G.K. Chesterton. ...today's concept of democracy, this horrible political correctness that so marks Western society: the people can do anything they want, but they don't trust themselves to think independently. Daniel Barenboim. 2 We are on the verge of a global transformation. All we need is the right major crisis... and the nations will accept the New World Order. David Rockefeller. Globalization is all about wealth. It knows the price of everything and value of nothing. Without borders the world will become – is becoming – a howling desert of traffic fumes, concrete and plastic, where nowhere is home and the only language is money. Peter Hitchens. What began in Russia will end in America. Elder Ignaty of Harbin (+1958). 3 III. CAPITALISM WAVERS (1971-1982) 6 41. NIXON IN CHINA 7 42. THE NIXON SHOCK AND THE GLOBAL MINOTAUR 15 43. THE COSTS OF THE REVOLUTION 22 44. THE AMERICAN RELIGIOUS RIGHT 38 45. SOLZHENITSYN, DÉTENTE AND APPEASEMENT 45 46. THE COLD WAR IN LATIN AMERICA 59 47. THE COLD WAR IN EAST ASIA 64 48. THE COLD WAR IN AFRICA 71 49. COMMUNISM VERSUS LIBERALISM 77 50. ROCOR’S THIRD ALL-EMIGRATION COUNCIL 81 51. THE GEORGIAN CHURCH AND THE KGB 95 52. “NIKODEMOVSCHINA” 98 53. SUPER-ECUMENISM (1) 102 54. THE ISLAMIC REVOLUTION 108 55. THE DECLINE OF MARXISM-LENINISM 119 56. STATES AND INDIVIDUALS 125 IV. COMMUNISM IMPLODES (1982-92) 129 57. THE POLISH COUNTER-REVOLUTION 130 58. THE REAGAN-THATCHER ALLIANCE: (1) POLITICS 135 59. THE REAGAN-THATCHER ALLIANCE: (2) ECONOMICS 139 60. FRIEDMANITE ECONOMICS AND THE THIRD WORLD 145 61. THE ANATHEMA AGAINST ECUMENISM 156 62. CHAOS AMONG THE GREEK OLD CALENDARISTS 160 62. ROCOR BEGINS TO CRACK 185 64. SUPER-ECUMENISM (2) 195 65. ROCOR AND THE CATACOMBS 201 66. GLASNOST’ AND PERESTROIKA 207 67. CHERNOBYL 210 4 68. SOVIET DEMOCRACY? 218 69. ROCOR’S MISSION INSIDE RUSSIA 223 70. POLAND’S JOYS AND SORROWS 231 71. THE TIANANMEN MASSACRE 237 72. THE FALL OF THE BERLIN WALL 247 73. THE ROAD TO THE EURO 256 74. SUPER-ECUMENISM (3) 262 75. THE GULF WAR: THE NEW WORLD ORDER 271 76. YUGOSLAVIA: THE REVIVAL OF NATIONALISM 276 77. THE SOVIET UNION DISINTEGRATES: (1) THE AUGUST COUP 290 78. THE SOVIET UNION DISINTEGRATES: (2) UKRAINE 298 79. FUKUYAMA AND THE END OF HISTORY 308 APPENDIX 1. GLOBALIZATION AND THE EUROPEAN UNION 334 APPENDIX 2. AMERICA, ISRAEL AND RUSSIA 354 5 III. CAPITALISM WAVERS (1971-1982) 6 41. NIXON IN CHINA “As the 1970s began,” writes Chang, “China seemed beset by external and internal crises. Domestic politics took a bizarre turn in 1971 when it was revealed that Mao’s designated heir, Lin Biao, had perished in a plane crash in Outer Mongolia after twice attempting to assassinate the Chairman himself. At the same time, the Soviet Union was threatening to use its most ‘modern and devastating weapons’… and target specific nuclear strikes against China. Mao’s foreign policies had created a threat environment that jeopardized the very continuity of the People’s Republic. Clearly, China’s foreign posture required reassessment… “That reassessment was undertaken under the direction of Zhou Enlai. The Manichaean notion that the world was divided into a capitalist and a socialist camp gave way to a conviction that reality was complex, where socialist China could be threatened by socialist Russia in league with socialist Vietnam. Suggestions began to be bruited that appeals be made to the capitalist powers for capital, technology transfers, and security assistance. Finally, Beijing announced that it no longer considered the United States to be China’s ‘number one enemy’. With that, China’s rapprochement with the West began – a process that spanned Mao’s remaining years, culminating in the normalization of relations between the United States and the People’ Republic of China on January 1, 1979.”1 The United States under Nixon and his crafty Secretary of State Henry Kissinger were quick to exploit the Sino-Soviet quarrel. After the clash on the Ussuri river in March, 1969, writes Stone, “Moscow asked Nixon to condemn the Chinese nuclear tests; there were hints at a nuclear strike to destroy the Chinese ‘facilities’; and the Chinese were refusing the Russians the right to fly supplies to Vietnam or to use their airfields. The Chinese needed America against Russia. There was room, here, for clevercleverness, and in April 1971 the world was surprised when an American table tennis team went to Peking. It was even more taken aback a year later, when Nixon followed, on 21 February 1972…”2 This moment of détente between the US and China was no less important than the other détente taking place between the US and the USSR. The latter was expressed mainly in open and business-like arms-control agreements and some loans from western banks to the Soviets. In the Chinese-American negotiations, however, everything was conducted in secret; neither side wanted to appear too eager to get together with the other. After all, Nixon had built his political career since the time of McCarthy on his anti- Communism, while Mao could not afford not to appear anti-American. In the event, both sides – but especially the United States – made unprecedented concessions they would not have dreamed of only a few years before. 1 Chang, op. cit., p. 148. 2 Stone, op. cit., p. 236. 7 Kissinger himself pointed out the importance of these events. “While I was on the way to China on the so-called secret trip in July 1971, [Nixon], addressing an audience in Kansas City,… argued that ‘Chinese domestic travail’ – that is, the Cultural Revolution – should not confer ‘any sense of satisfaction that it will always be that way. Because when we see the Chinese as people – and I have seen them all over the world… - they are creative, they are productive, they are one of the most capable people in the world. And 800 million Chinese are going to be, inevitably, an enormous economic power, with all that that means in terms of what they could be in other areas if they move in that direction.’ “These phrases, commonplace today, were revolutionary at that time. Because they were delivered extemporaneously – and I was out of communication with Washington – it was Zhou Enlai who brought them to my attention as I started the first dialogue with Beijing in more than twenty years. Nixon, inveterate anti-Communist, had decided that the imperatives of geopolitical equilibrium overrode the demands of ideological purity – as, fortuitously, had his counterparts in China…”3 The winner, unquestionably, was Mao. For the Chinese-American détente followed the pattern observed that in all negotiations between the Capitalist West and the Communist East at least until the Reagan-Gorbachev summits, of the West conceding more than it gained. As Jung Chang and Jon Halliday write, “Mao’s change of mind [about relations with America] changed his fortunes. The invitation [to the American table-tennis team], the first ever from Red China to an American group, caused a sensation. The fact that it was a sports team helped capture the world’s imagination. Chou En-lai switched on his charm, and his totalitarian regime’s meticulously orchestrated theatre, to produce what Kissinger called ‘a dazzling welcome’ for the ping-pong team.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Introduction Land Reform in Post-Communist Europe
    Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-87938-5 - The Post-Soviet Potemkin Village: Politics and Property Rights in the Black Earth Jessica Allina-Pisano Excerpt More information Introduction Land Reform in Post-Communist Europe In December 1991, as the flag of the Soviet Union flew its last days over the Kremlin, a small crowd armed with crutches and wheelchair wheels stormed the regional state administration building in an eastern Ukrainian city. The city, Kharkiv, lies fifty miles from the Russian border.1 The protesters were a group of senior citizens and disabled people from the Saltivka housing development in Moskovsky district, an area of the city named for its location on the road to the Soviet metropolis. The group had gathered to demand land for garden plots. The protesters had specific land in mind. The land lay at the eastern edge of the city, bordering the Saltivka housing development to the west and the fields of one of the most successful agricultural collectives in the region to the east. That farm, named Ukrainka, was among the biggest dairy producers in the area. Food supplies in city markets, however, had become unpredictable and expensive. Residents of Saltivka wanted land to grow produce for themselves and their families. In response, the Kharkiv district executive committee ordered that Ukrainka relinquish nearly 300 hectares of land for garden plots, in addition to 75 hectares already alienated for that purpose the previous spring. Members of the Ukrainka collective objected to the proposed plan, 1 This account is based on a series of newspaper articles about the incident in a Kharkiv regional paper: M.
    [Show full text]
  • The Genesis of the Modern Eritrean Struggle (1942–1961) Nikolaos Biziouras Published Online: 14 Apr 2013
    This article was downloaded by: [US Naval Academy] On: 25 June 2013, At: 06:09 Publisher: Routledge Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: Mortimer House, 37-41 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH, UK The Journal of the Middle East and Africa Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/ujme20 The Genesis of the Modern Eritrean Struggle (1942–1961) Nikolaos Biziouras Published online: 14 Apr 2013. To cite this article: Nikolaos Biziouras (2013): The Genesis of the Modern Eritrean Struggle (1942–1961), The Journal of the Middle East and Africa, 4:1, 21-46 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21520844.2013.771419 PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE Full terms and conditions of use: http://www.tandfonline.com/page/terms-and-conditions This article may be used for research, teaching, and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, redistribution, reselling, loan, sub-licensing, systematic supply, or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. The publisher does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents will be complete or accurate or up to date. The accuracy of any instructions, formulae, and drug doses should be independently verified with primary sources. The publisher shall not be liable for any loss, actions, claims, proceedings, demand, or costs or damages whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection
    [Show full text]
  • Review of Croatian History
    UDK 93/99 ISSN: 1845-4380 REVIEW OF CROATIAN HISTORY REVUE FÜR KROATISCHE GESCHICHTE REVUE D’ HISTOIRE CROATE Hrvatski institut za povijest Croatian Institute of History XII.IX.X. no. no.no. 1 11 (2014) (2013)(2016) 1 Review of Croatian History 12/2016, no. 1, 155 - 182 UDK: 930.1(497.5):321.74 329.15(497.5)“1991/...’’ Pregledni članak Received: June 19, 2016 Accepted: September 12, 2016 FROM PEOPLE’S LIBERATION WAR AND REvOLUTION TO ANTIFASCIST STRUGGLE Davor MARIJAN* he topic of this work is the treatment of antifascism in Croatian (and, up to 1990, Yugoslav) historiography. he term antifascism was inaugurated on the eve of the Second World War by the Communist Party of Yugoslavia (KPJ) based on guidelines from the Communist International. During the Second World War, the KPJ managed to seize power and restore Yugoslavia thanks to its practical application of antifascism. Ater the war, antifascism was entirely ignored, and the war was interpreted exclusively as a people’s liberation struggle and socialist revolution. Public use of the term antifascism returned during the collapse of communism and the disintegration of Yugoslavia from 1990 to 1992. Moving away from the structures associated with the former ruling communist elite (members of the Communist Party and Partisan war veterans), antifascism imposed itself as a component of democratic ideology that could not be subjected to scrutiny, rather it had to be unquestioningly accepted. Historical antifascism served the communists to exploit non-communists to then seize authority, while contemporary “antifascism” serves their direct and ideological heirs to prevent a re-examination of communist crimes and the undemocratic character of socialist Yugoslavia.
    [Show full text]
  • BÖLGESEL Sayı | Issue: 01 ARAŞTIRMALAR Mayıs | May 2017 DERGİSİ
    Cilt | Volume: 01 BÖLGESEL Sayı | Issue: 01 ARAŞTIRMALAR Mayıs | May 2017 DERGİSİ Russian Hybrid Warfare and its Implications in the Black Sea Şafak OĞUZ Globalization and its Impact on the Post-Cold War Era Ethiopia’s Foreign Policy Muzeyin Hawas SEBSEBE اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﺔ اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻴﺔ اﻟﻌﺮاﻗﻴﺔ ﺑ اﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳﺔ واﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻖ دراﺳﺔ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺎت اﻟﻌﺮاﻗﻴﺔ–اﻟﺴﻌﻮدﻳﺔ ﺣﺘﻰ ﻋﺎم 2014 وآﻓﺎﻗﻬﺎ اﳌﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﻴﺔ Ali Bashar AGWAN Jeltoksan Ayaklanması ve Bu Ayaklanmanın Kazakistan’ın Bağımsızlığındaki Rolü Doğacan BAŞARAN Turkish President Turgut Özal’s Impact on Nursultan Nazarbayev’s Perception of Turkey Dinmuhammed AMETBEK روﺳﻴﺎ اﻻﺗﺤﺎدﻳﺔ اﻟﻘﻮة اﻟﺼﺎﻋﺪة: ﻣﻘﻮﻣﺎت اﻟﻘﻮة وﻧﻘﺎط اﻟﻀﻌﻒ Ahmed Yousif KIETAN ANKARA KRİZ VE SİYASET ARAŞTIRMALARI MERKEZİ ANKASAM ANKARA CENTER FOR CRISIS AND POLICY STUDIES AHKACAM Анкарский центр исследований кризисных ситуаций и политики ﻣﺮﻛــﺰ ا ﻧﻘــﺮ ة ﻟـﺪ ر ا ﺳـــــﺔ ا ﻻ ز ﻣــﺎ ت و ا ﻟﺴــﻴﺎ ﺳــــــﺎ ت ﻣﺮﮐــﺰ ﭘﮋوﻫﺸـــﻬﺎى ﺑﺤـــﺮان و ﺳﯿﺎﺳــﺖ آﻧﮑــــــــــﺎرا اﻧﮑﺎﺳـــــــــﺎم Cilt: 1 • Sayı: 1 • Mayıs 2017 Bölgesel Araştırmalar Dergisi Yılda İki Defa Yayımlanır SAHIBI Prof. Dr. Mehmet Seyfettin EROL EDITÖR Prof. Dr. Mehmet Seyfettin EROL EDITÖR YARDIMCISI Dr. Dinmuhammed AMETBEK SORUMLU YAZI IŞLERI MÜDÜRÜ Kadir Ertaç ÇELİK YAYINA HAZIRLAYANLAR Sami BURGAZ Firas ELİAS İbrahim NASSİR Muzeyyin SEBSEBE Cenk TAMER Sezen Sıla ZÜLBAHAR YAYIN KURULU Prof. Dr. Muthana AL-MAHDAWİ • Bağdat Üniversitesi Prof. Dr. İbrahim Ethem ATNUR • Atatürk Üniversitesi Prof. Dr. Hacı DURAN • Adıyaman Üniversitesi Prof. Dr. Hacı Mustafa ERAVCI • Yıldırım Beyazıt Prof. Dr. Temuçin Faik ERTAN • Ankara Üniversitesi Prof. Dr. Bilgehan Atsız GÖKDAĞ • Kırıkkale Üniversitesi Prof. Dr. Osman KARATAY • Ege Üniversitesi Prof. Dr. Güray KIRPIK • Gazi Üniversitesi Prof. Dr. Hasan KÖNİ • İstanbul Kültür Üniversitesi Prof. Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Putin's New Russia
    PUTIN’S NEW RUSSIA Edited by Jon Hellevig and Alexandre Latsa With an Introduction by Peter Lavelle Contributors: Patrick Armstrong, Mark Chapman, Aleksandr Grishin, Jon Hellevig, Anatoly Karlin, Eric Kraus, Alexandre Latsa, Nils van der Vegte, Craig James Willy Publisher: Kontinent USA September, 2012 First edition published 2012 First edition published 2012 Copyright to Jon Hellevig and Alexander Latsa Publisher: Kontinent USA 1800 Connecticut Avenue, NW Washington, DC 20009 [email protected] www.us-russia.org/kontinent Cover by Alexandra Mozilova on motive of painting by Ilya Komov Printed at Printing house "Citius" ISBN 978-0-9883137-0-5 This is a book authored by independent minded Western observers who have real experience of how Russia has developed after the failed perestroika since Putin first became president in 2000. Common sense warning: The book you are about to read is dangerous. If you are from the English language media sphere, virtually everything you may think you know about contemporary Rus- sia; its political system, leaders, economy, population, so-called opposition, foreign policy and much more is either seriously flawed or just plain wrong. This has not happened by accident. This book explains why. This book is also about gross double standards, hypocrisy, and venal stupidity with western media playing the role of willing accomplice. After reading this interesting tome, you might reconsider everything you “learn” from mainstream media about Russia and the world. Contents PETER LAVELLE ............................................................................................1
    [Show full text]
  • Athos Gregory Ch
    8 Athos Gregory Ch. 6_Athos Gregory Ch. 6 5/15/14 12:53 PM Page 154 TWENTIETH-CENTURY ATHOS it of course came the first motorized vehicles ever seen on Athos. 2 Such con - cessions to modernization were deeply shocking to many of the monks. And they were right to suspect that the trend would not stop there. SEEDS Of RENEWAl Numbers of monks continued to fall throughout the 960s and it was only in the early 970s that the trend was finally arrested. In 972 the population rose from ,5 to ,6—not a spectacular increase, but nevertheless the first to be recorded since the turn of the century. Until the end of the century the upturn was maintained in most years and the official total in 2000 stood at just over ,600. The following table shows the numbers for each monastery includ - ing novices and those living in the dependencies: Monastery 972 976 97 90 92 96 9 990 992 2000 lavra 0 55 25 26 29 09 7 5 62 Vatopedi 7 65 60 5 50 55 50 75 2 Iviron 5 6 52 52 5 5 5 6 6 7 Chilandar 57 6 69 52 5 6 60 75 Dionysiou 2 7 5 5 56 59 59 59 50 5 Koutloumousiou 6 6 66 57 0 75 7 7 77 95 Pantokrator 0 7 6 6 62 69 57 66 50 70 Xeropotamou 0 26 22 7 6 7 0 0 Zographou 2 9 6 2 5 20 Dochiariou 2 29 2 2 27 Karakalou 2 6 20 6 6 9 26 7 Philotheou 2 0 6 66 79 2 79 7 70 Simonopetra 2 59 6 60 72 79 7 0 7 7 St Paul’s 95 9 7 7 6 5 9 5 0 Stavronikita 7 5 0 0 0 2 5 Xenophontos 7 26 9 6 7 50 57 6 Grigoriou 22 0 57 6 7 62 72 70 77 6 Esphigmenou 9 5 0 2 56 0 Panteleimonos 22 29 0 0 2 2 5 0 5 Konstamonitou 6 7 6 22 29 20 26 0 27 26 Total ,6 ,206 ,27 ,9 ,275 ,25 ,255 ,290 ,7 ,60 These figures tell us a great deal about the revival and we shall examine 2 When Constantine Cavarnos visited Chilandar in 95, however, he was informed by fr Domitian, ‘We now have a tractor, too.
    [Show full text]
  • CFHB 26 Manuel II Palaeologus Funeral Oration.Pdf
    MANUEL PALAEOLOGUS FUNERAL ORATION CORPUS FONTIUM HISTORI-AE BYZANTINAE CONSILIO SOCIETATIS INTERNATIONAL IS STUD lIS BYZANTINIS PROVEHENDIS DESTINATAE EDITUM VOLUMEN XXVI MANUEL 11 PALAEOLOGUS FUNERAL ORATION ON HIS BROTHER THEODORE EDIDIT, ANGLlCE VERTlT ET ADNOTAVIT JULIANA CHRYSOSTOMIDES SERIES THESSALONICENSIS EDlDIT IOHANNES KARAYANNOPULOS APUD SOCIETATEM STUDIORUM BYZANTINORUM THESSALONICAE MCMLXXXV MANUEL 11 PALAEOLOGUS FUNERAL ORATION ON HIS BROTHER THEODORE INTRODUCTION, TEXT, TRANSLATION AND NOTES BY J. CHRYSOSTOMIDES ASSOCIATION FOR BYZANTINE RESEARCH THESSALONlKE 1985 l:TOIXEI00El:IA - EKTynnl:H 0ANAl:Hl: AATIN�ZHl:, E0N. AMYNHl: 38, THA. 221.529, 0El:l:AAONIKH ElL ANAMNHLIN n. Raymond-J. Loenertz a.p. NIKOAdov dJeJ..rpov Kai l1'7rpOC; TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Abbreviations ........................................... ix-xii List of Signs ................................................. xiii List of Illustrations ............................................ xiv Foreword ................................." ... ................. 3-4 Introduction ..........' ....." ......................... ....... 5-62 I. The Author ............................................... 5-13 n. Historical Introduction ..................................... 15-25 'nl. Text and Manuscripts ..................................... 27-62 A. Text ................................................... 27-31 B. Manuscripts ............................................. 32-42 . C. Relationship of the Manuscripts ......................... 43-53 D. Editions and Translations
    [Show full text]
  • Saints and Their Families in Byzantine Art
    Saints and their Families in Byzantine Art Lois DREWER Δελτίον XAE 16 (1991-1992), Περίοδος Δ'. Στη μνήμη του André Grabar (1896-1990)• Σελ. 259-270 ΑΘΗΝΑ 1992 Lois Drewer SAINTS AND THEIR FAMILIES IN BYZANTINE ART* In recent studies Dorothy Abrahamse and Evelyne Pat- St. George rides over the sea to Mytilene on a white lagean, among others, have explored Greek hagiogra- horse with a young boy, still holding the glass of wine he phical texts for insight into Byzantine attitudes toward was serving when he was rescued, seated behind him. children and family life. In contrast, art historians have On a Mt. Sinai icon, St. Nicholas returns a similarly so far contributed relatively little to the debate1. The reasons for this are not hard to discover. Despite the overwhelming impact of the cult of saints in Byzantine * This article contains material presented, in different form, in papers art, narrative scenes depicting the lives of the saints are read at Parents and Children in the Middle Ages: An Interdisciplinary relatively rate. Furthermore, many of the existing hagi- Conference, held at the CUNY Graduate Center, New York City, on ographical scenes record the heroic suffering of the mar­ March 2, 1990, and at the Seventeenth Byzantine Studies Conference, tyrs in a seemingly unrelieved sequence of tortures and Hellenic College, Brookline, Mass., Nov. 7-10, 1991. 2 1. E. Patlagean, L'enfant et son avenir dans la famille byzantine executions . Other Byzantine representations of saints (IVème-XIIème siècles), in Structure sociale, famille, chrétienté à By- celebrate the values of the ascetic life including with­ zance, IVe-XIe siècles, London 1981, X, pp.
    [Show full text]
  • Gregor Sailer the Potemkin Village Opening
    Potsdamer Straße 100 10785 Berlin, Germany Gregor Sailer [email protected] The Potemkin Village www.kehrergalerie.com Wed – Sat | 12 –19 Uhr and by appointment Opening Kehrer Galerie is delighted to open the exhibition Friday, September 14, 7 – 9 pm »The Potemkin Village« on Friday, September 14, 2018 from 7 to 9 pm. Exhibition September 15 – November 17, 2018 Artist Talk: Friday, October 19, starting at 7 pm there will be an artist talk (in German). Kehrer Galerie is showing Gregor Sailer with his highly acclaimed series »The Potemkin Village« during the European Month of Photography. »Carson City VI / Vårgårda, Sweden«, 2016 From the series »The Potemkin Village« C-Print in a wooden shadow frame, mounted on AluDibond, without glass Ed. 5 + 2 AP 95 x 120 cm For »The Potemkin Village« (2015–2017) Gregor Sailer (b. 1980 in Schwaz, AT) went looking for mock architecture worldwide. The proverbial term refers to the legend in which Russian Field Marshall Grigory Aleksandrivich Potemkin presented to Empress Catherine the Great the facades of the newly annexed villages in Crimea behind painted backdrops, in order to shed a better light on them. In Russia Sailer found two Potemkin villages according to the classical concept, in which ruinous houses were hidden behind canvases with representative facades printed on them. But this body of work also shows less literal illusionistic architecture, such as different military training camps in 1 the U.S., France, Great Britain and Germany, authentic replicas of European cities in China, and two vehicle test cities in Sweden. »Ufa I, Bashkortostan, Russia«, 2016 From the series »The Potemkin Village« C-Print in a wooden shadow frame, mounted on AluDibond, without glass Ed.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 in Late May of 1944, American Vice President Henry Wallace Visited The
    1 In late May of 1944, American Vice President Henry Wallace visited the city of Magadan in the Soviet Union’s Far North East. Wallace asked to inspect a forced labor camp, part of the Gulag system (acronym for Glavnoye Upravleniya Lagere, Chief Administration of Corrective Labor Camps); however, instead of seeing thousands of zeki (prisoners of the Gulag), Wallace unwittingly became the center of an orchestrated sham. On orders from Moscow, the camp’s guards disguised the city – turning it into a Potemkin village1. They removed prison watch towers, decorated empty shopfronts with goods, and locked zeki in their barracks for the three- day visit. Wallace’s tour even included a theatre performance. America had provided aid to the Soviet Union through the Lend-Lease Act to fight Nazi Germany, and the Soviets didn’t want to jeopardize that support by exposing their inhumane treatment of zeki. My proposed thesis play, titled Stitched with a Sickle and a Hammer, which is the basis for my application for a Named Fellowship, is centered around Wallace’s visit. It’s the story of twenty-two-year-old Alexandra, a political prisoner serving an eight-year sentence in Magadan. Alexandra joins the camp’s theatre troupe, but when she learns that she will be performing for Wallace, she faces a life or death decision. Will she sacrifice her life and reveal she is a zek for a moment of true freedom, or comply with the charade and pretend she is a free woman so she can survive her Gulag sentence? My goal for Stitched with a Sickle and a Hammer, is to illuminate a mass tragedy that has not received the same ardent condemnation as other twentieth-century atrocities have.
    [Show full text]
  • Greenwashing an Olympic-Sized Toxic Dump
    Public Interest Reporting on the PR/Public Affairs Industry PR WATCH Volume 6, Number 2 Second Quarter 1999 ALSO IN THIS ISSUE: Greenwashing an Media Self-Censorship in Australia's Olympics Bid page 7 Olympic-Sized Toxic Dump by Dr. Sharon Beder When the Olympic Games begin in the year 2000, you can expect Selling a Leaky Landfill as to see them hyped as the “greenest” summer Olympics of all time. But the “World’s Best Practice” a massive toxic waste dump will lie underneath the fine landscaping of page 9 the Olympic site. It will be covered by a meter of dirt and a mountain of public relations. Letters from Readers The Olympic Games will be held at Homebush Bay in Sydney, page 10 Australia. Homebush Bay is a former industrial site and armaments depot which was previously subjected to years of unregulated waste dumping. In recent years asbestos-contaminated waste and chemicals The Father of Spin: including dioxins and pesticides have been found there, along with Edward L. Bernays and arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, mercury and zinc. It is the the Birth of Public Relations worst toxic waste dump in Australia, and the bay into which the waste (book review) leaches is so contaminated that there is a fishing ban. The sediments page 11 in the bay have concentrations of dioxin that make it one of the world’s worst dioxin hot spots. The dioxin is largely the result of waste from a Union Carbide factory which manufactured the notorious herbicide Agent Orange there during the Vietnam war.
    [Show full text]
  • International and Civil War Data, 1816-1992 (Wages of War)
    UK Data Archive Study Number 3441 Correlates of War Project: International and Civil War Data, 1816-1992 (Wages of War) 1 CORRELATES OF WAR PROJECT: INTERNATIONAL AND CIVIL WAR DATA, 1816-1992 (ICPSR 9905) Principal Investigators J. David Singer University of Michigan Melvin Small Wayne State University First ICPSR Release April 1994 Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research P.O. Box 1248 Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106 1 1 BIBLIOGRAPHIC CITATION Publications based on ICPSR data collections should acknowledge those sources by means of bibliographic citations. To ensure that such source attributions are captured for social science bibliographic utilities, citations must appear in footnotes or in the reference section of publications. The bibliographic citation for this data collection is: Singer, J. David, and Melvin Small. CORRELATES OF WAR PROJECT: INTERNATIONAL AND CIVIL WAR DATA, 1816-1992 [Computer file]. Ann Arbor, MI: J. David Singer and Melvin Small [producers], 1993. Ann Arbor, MI: Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor], 1994. REQUEST FOR INFORMATION ON USE OF ICPSR RESOURCES To provide funding agencies with essential information about use of archival resources and to facilitate the exchange of information about ICPSR participants' research activities, users of ICPSR data are requested to send to ICPSR bibliographic citations for each completed manuscript or thesis abstract. Please indicate in a cover letter which data were used. DATA DISCLAIMER The original collector of the data, ICPSR, and the relevant funding agency bear no responsibility for uses of this collection or for interpretations or inferences based upon such uses. 1 1 DATA COLLECTION DESCRIPTION J.
    [Show full text]