In This Issue: Time Has Come for Taking Innovation Under Water: the How and Why of a New Repeater
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INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS: DYNAMICS of REGULATION of a RAPIDLY EXPANDING SERVICE Asimr H
INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS: DYNAMICS OF REGULATION OF A RAPIDLY EXPANDING SERVICE AsImR H. ENDE* I A PROFILE OF THE REGULATORY ISSION The Communications Act of 1934, as amended' (the Communications Act), and the Communicatons Satellite Act of 19622 (the Satellite Act) provide for pervasive and all-encompassing federal regulation of international telecommunications. The basic purposes to be achieved by such regulation are declared to be "to make avail- able, so far as possible, to all the people of the United States a rapid, efficient, Nation-wide, and world-wide wire and radio communications service with adequate facilities at reasonable charges, ...." This broad and general statement of purposes is supplemented by the Declaration of Policy and Purposes in the Satellite Act. In that act, Congress declared it to be the policy of the United States to establish,-in conjunction and cooperation with other countries and as expeditiously as practicable, a commercial communications satellite system which, as part of an improved global communications network, would be responsive to public needs and national objectives, would serve the communications needs of this country and other countries, and would contribute to world peace and understanding In effectuating the above program, care and attention are to be directed toward providing services to economically less developed countries and areas as well as more highly developed ones, toward efficient and economical use of the frequency spectrum, and toward reflecting the benefits of the new technology in both the quality of the services provided and the charges for such services.4 United States participation in the global system is to be in the form of a private corporation subject to appropriate governmental regulation.5 All authorized users are to have nondiscriminatory access to the satellite system. -
Communications Under the Seas: the Evolving Cable Network and Its
Communications under the Seas The Evolving Cable Network and Its Implications edited by Bernard Finn and Daqing Yang The MIT Press Cambridge, Massachusetts London, England © 2009 Massachusetts Institute of Technology All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form by any electronic or mechanical means (including photocopying, recording, or information storage and retrieval) without permission in writing from the publisher. For information about special quantity discounts, please email special_sales@mitpress .mit.edu This book was set in Bembo by The MIT Press. Printed and bound in the United States of America. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Communications under the seas : the evolving cable network and its implications / edited by Bernard Finn and Daqing Yang. p. cm. — (Dibner Institute studies in the history of science and technology) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-262-01286-7 (hardcover : alk. paper) 1. Cables, Submarine—History. 2. Telecommunication—Social aspects—History. 3. Communication, International. I. Finn, Bernard S., 1932– II. Yang, Daqing, 1964– TK5103.15.C66 2009 621.387’8409162—dc22 2008042011 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Index Admiralty (U.K.), 187 for voice communications, 37–38, 46, “Memorandum on the Protection of 51 British Submarine Cables,” 194 vacuum tube amplifiers, 30, 37, 46, 247 Ahvenainen, Jorma, 119 Anglo-American Telegraph Company, 29t, Alcatel, 175, 280 66, 71, 82–83, 162–163, 166 Alexander, grand duke of Russia, 124, 126 anti-trust legislation, 199 Algeria, 185 Associated Press, 169, 266 All America Cables, 33, 35, 84, 280 Atlantic Telegraph Company, 18, 66, 167 All-American Telegraph Companies, 89 AT&T. -
Regulatory, Infrastructure and Tariff Aspects of Electronic
MM www.idate.org The European way to think the Digital World Regulatory, infrastructure and tariff aspects of electronic communications and broadband connectivity in the Outermost Regions (OR) A comparison of the current situation with that in the rest of the Community and neighbouring countries Prepared for the European Commission DG Regional Policy December 2005 This study was financed by the European Community and was performed by IDATE and LL&A in partnership with INESC PORTO (Portugal) and MM (Spain). The opinions expressed herein are those of the authors only and under no circumstances are to be construed as those of the European Commission. IDATE – BP4167 – 34092 Montpellier cedex 5 – Tel : +33(0)467 144 444 – Fax : +33(0)467 144 400 – [email protected] Regulatory, infrastructure and tariff aspects of electronic communications and broadband connectivity in the ORs: A comparison of the current situation with that in the rest of the Community and neighbouring countries Final report Contents Introduction............................................................................................................................................ 7 1. State of the art of telecommunications in the ORs....................................................................... 9 1.1. Networks and services............................................................................................................. 9 1.2. Regulation and competition ................................................................................................... 12 -
Optical Fibre Submarine Systems
Optical fibre submarine GREENLAND systems D N ALASKA A (USA) ICELAND L Umeå N Vestmannaeyjar BOTNIA I Vaasa F Faroes SWEDEN Rauma RUSSIA 6 x 622 Turku Hallstavik Whittier Valdez Karst 2 + 1 x 2.5 Gbit/s Norrtälje Kingisepp Seward Tallin NORWAY ESTONIA U N Lena I 2 x 560 LATVIA CANTAT-3 T point AC-1 E DENMARK CANADA D Westerland LITHUANIA Northstar 2 x 4 (WDM) x 2.5 Gbit/s TAT-14 K I N REP. OF IRELAND G BELORUSSIA TAT-10 2 + 1 x 560 D S D Norden/ N O LA Grossheide ER POLAND M TH NE GERMANY Gemini North 2 x 6 (WDM) x 2.5 Gbit/s BELGIUM CZECH Dieppe REP. Port UKRAINE Alberni NPC 3 + 1 x 420 St Brieuc SLOVAK REP. M O KAZAKHSTAN L FRANCE D Seattle AC-1 AUSTRIA A V TPC-5 2 x 5 Gbit/s HUNGARY I Tillamook PTAT-1 3 + 1 x 420 Gbit/s SWITZ. I A A Odessa DM) x 2.5 St Hilaire de Riez SLOVEN 2 x 6 (W MONGOLIA i South FLAG Atlantic-1 160 Gbit/s emin CROATIA ROMANIA Pacific G Y I U Novorossijsk City Pennant Point HERZEGOVINABOSNIA- G s T O 2.5 SochiGbit/s PC-1 Medway Harbour Gbit/ S x 5 L TAT-11 3 DxM 560) A Varna Shirley x 3 (W A V Nakhodka TAT-12 2 x 3 (WDM) x 5 Gbit/s 2 I GEORGIA Ishikati TAT-13 A BULGARIA UZBEKISTAN Rhode Island F L PC-1 L ALBANIA Poti A KYRGYZSTAN N Long Island G Y TAT-9 2 + 1 x 560 ARMENIA AZERBAIJAN New York MACEDONIA TURKMENISTAN NORTH Bandon TAT-8 2 x 280 Istanbul KOREA FLAG Atlantic-1 160 Gbit/s Azores SPAIN E R-J-K C 2 x 560 0 EE 6 R 5 G Dalian A CANUS-1 TAT-14 PORTUGAL TURKEY JIH CableProject Japan-US Manasquan Lisbon UNITED STATES 3x TAJIKISTAN Point Sesimbra PC-1 Arena Tuckerton Marmaris Yantaï SOUTH P TPC-4 2 x 560 A S -
March 30, 2015 by ELECTRONIC FILING Marlene H. Dortch, Secretary Federal Communications Commission 445 12Th Street, S.W. Washin
(202) 223-7323 (202) 204-7371 [email protected] March 30, 2015 BY ELECTRONIC FILING Marlene H. Dortch, Secretary Federal Communications Commission 445 12th Street, S.W. Washington, D.C. 20554 Re: Joint Application for Transfer of Control of Cable Landing Licenses from Columbus Networks, Limited to Cable & Wireless Communications Plc, File Nos. SCL-T/C-20141121-00013 and SCL-T/C-20141121-00014; Applications for Transfer of Control of Section 214 Authorizations from Columbus Networks, Limited to Cable & Wireless Communications Plc, File Nos. ITC-T/C-20141121-00304 and ITC-T/C-20141121-00307 Dear Ms. Dortch: On Thursday, March 26, 2015, the undersigned counsel and representatives of Cable & Wireless Communications Plc (“C&W”) and Columbus Networks, Limited (“CNL”) met with members of the Commission’s staff to discuss the above-cited pending applications, and in particular Digicel’s pleadings and ex parte filing in the proceeding. Doc#: US1:9949275v3 Marlene H. Dortch, Secretary 2 Attending this meeting on behalf of Cable & Wireless Communications Plc were Belinda Bradbury, General Counsel, and Simeon Irvine, Chief Executive, Wholesale. C&W outside counsel Patrick Campbell and Diane Gaylor of Paul,Weiss, Rifkind, Wharton & Garrison LLP also attended. Attending on behalf of Columbus Networks, Limited were Paul Scott, President and Chief Operating Officer, Columbus Networks USA, Inc., and Victor A. Lago, Vice President of Legal Affairs, Columbus Networks USA, Inc. CNL outside counsel Ulises Pin of Morgan, Lewis & Bockius LLP also attended. Commission staff in attendance were, from the International Bureau, Nese Guendelsberger, Deputy Bureau Chief (by phone); Kathleen Collins, Assistant Bureau Chief; Walt Strack, Assistant Bureau Chief and Chief Economist; Howard Griboff, Acting Division Chief, Policy Division; David Krech, Associate Division Chief, Policy Division; Mark Uretsky, Senior Economist, Policy Division; Jodi Cooper, Senior Attorney, Policy Division; and, from the Office of General Counsel, James Bird. -
By the HERALD's Special Wire!
Gale Primary Sources Start at the source. “By the HERALD’s Special Wire!”: Technology and Speed in Transnational News Clare Pettitt King’s College London Various source media, International Herald Tribune Historical Archive 1887-2013 EMPOWER™ RESEARCH “information is speed” Street where a young prostitute, Helen Jewett, had been murdered. Such novel and sensational reporting Paul Virilio, The Art of the Motor (1995) i drove the paper’s circulation up to 10,000. The New York Herald did well out of the Civil War; with 63 reporters in the field, it became a trusted source of war news. Post-war, the American economy boomed and James Bennett, and his son, Gordon Bennett, who ran Bennett Snr. was among the first to realise the the New York Herald and then simultaneously the New importance to a growing economy of fresh financial York Herald European Edition (later renamed as the news, daily Wall Street reports and detailed shipping International Herald Tribune), were remarkable in their ii news. He started the practice of sending boats out to early understanding of the possibilities of electronic meet incoming ships to collect the news from abroad. communication for creating news. In their newspapers, He made his newspaper useful to its readers in new they exploited the speed of the new transatlantic cables ways. He understood that speed and news were in a way which makes them very significant figures in conjoined concepts in what would come to be called the the creation of a culture of non-stop global news. They Gilded Age, and that financial investments depended on understood that delayed information exponentially good market information. -
Forum Second Issue
An international forum for the expression of ideas and First Quarter 2002 opinions pertaining to the submarine telecoms industry 1 Contents List of Advertisers Editors Exordium 3 Undersea Intelligence on the Costa del Sol International Cable Protection Committee 5 EMEA Conference 30 Emails to the Editor 4 Global Marine Systems Ltd 5,6 The State of the Industry Network Maintenance 5 Europe, the Middle East, Africa and India TMS International 16 Christian Annoque 31 Sub Tech 7 Offshore Site Investigation Conference 18 Tracking the Cableships Sub Tell 8 Latest locations of the world’s cableships 36 International Subsea & Telecom Services 22 Ventures 9 Technology in Long-span Smit-Oceaneering Cable Systems 29,39,47 Submarine Systems Vessels 10 CTC Marine Projects 35 Tony Frisch 40 Searching for a light in the fog A future for the submarine cable industry? Fibre Optics in Offshore Michael Ruddy 11 Communications Jon Seip 45 Bandwidth ORGANISING A The State of the Market Letter to a friend CON ERENCE? Rex Ramsden 19 Jean Devos 52 Give your exhibition or conference Countdown to Apollo Launch maximum exposure to the submarine Australasian Communications Conference The world’s most advanced cable system telecoms industry. Advertise your event in A once-only chance to hear from influential Katherine Edwards 23 Submarine Telecoms Forum strategists and CEOs 56 The State of the Industry and reach all the key people. The Americas Diary Dates Email: [email protected]@subtelforum.com John Manock 27 Upcoming Conferences 2002 57 2 An international forum for the expression of ideas and opinions pertaining to the submarine telecom industry Exordium Submarine Telecoms Forum is published quarterly by WFN Strategies, L.L.C. -
Dials and Channels David Sarnoff and His
Dials and Channels The Journal of the National Capital Radio & Television Museum 2608 Mitchellville Road Bowie, MD 20716-1392 (301) 390-1020 Vol. 25, No. 3 ncrtv.org September 2019 David Sarnoff and His RCA By Brian Belanger Introduction threw a tantrum. He ordered all copies of the first draft destroyed and rewrote sections himself. Book Along the stairway to the second floor of the critics were quick to comment on how over-the-top Museum are displayed about a dozen photos of laudatory the sanitized version was. It did not sell individuals that we felt were deserving of recognition well. for their roles in the history of radio and television. David Sarnoff’s photo is included. It is certainly A later and more balanced biography was authored appropriate that his story and how he shaped RCA, by Kenneth Bilby after Sarnoff’s death. Bilby was the Radio Corporation of America, be told in Dials Sarnoff’s public relations manager and a close and Channels. associate. This article relies heavily on that source. Any author outside of RCA intending to write a Sarnoff is a controversial figure. His supporters have Sarnoff biography who sought access to company called him a visionary and a genius, and are in awe of records would probably have received cooperation him, while critics have described him as a ruthless in proportion to how likely that author was to praise egotist. A case might be made for either label. I recognize Sarnoff’s shortcomings, yet I admire him for reasons that will become clear later in this article. -
In1ternational Telephone and Telegraph Corporation
IN1TERNATIONAL TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH CORPORATION U. S. AND CANADIAN DIVISIONS� SUBSIDIARIES, AND ASSOCIATES DIVISIONS - lniernational Standal'd Electric corporation .New York, N. Y. Components Division . .............Olifton, lnternational Telecommunication Laboratories, Inc. B' arnsworth Electronics Company ..... .....l!'ort \Vayne,N. Ind. J. New York, N. Y. 'l'eJecommunication J"abm·atories .........Nutley, . .T. lnternation l '.reJephone Building Corporation . Ne York, l<'ederal •relephone and Radio Company ..........Clifton, N . J·'<«leral N Kellogg Credita Corporation . .... .... .... Neww York N. Y. ndustrial Products Division ............San l!'ernando, Calif. .J. Kuthe Laboratories, Inc .... ........ , ...., ....Newat'k, , N. J. JKellogg Switchboard and Supply Company .......C hicago, Ill. Royal Electric Corporation ....................Pawtucke t, R. I. SUBSIDIARIES - Electric Cords 8upply Corporation ......Los Angeles, CnL b'arnswort Electronics Company-Pacific Division & h Palo Alto, Calif. ASSOCIATES - l<' ecieral Carlbe, Inc. .......................Santa Isabel, P.R. Cable & Radio Corporation Fe<leral lDlectric Corporation ..... .............Paramus, .J. New York, IT&T Electronic.>S Service Company of Canada, Ltd. N . Ameri<�an (58% owned) Montr al Canada All America Cables and Radio, Inc . ... York, N. Y. li1telex Syste >! Incorporated ................ New Ye or, k, Y. Commercial Cable Company, '£ he ... .New York, N. Y. Airmatic Systemsm Conioration ...........Sa ddle Brook, N. Mackay Radio and 1'elegraph Company (Inc.) New'-rew York. N. Y. N. J. N. OVERSEAS AND SALES COMPANIES RESEARCH MANUFAC.TURING (SubsMiaries. INTERNATIONAL, STANDARD, ELECTRIC CORPORATION ) af IRAN - British Commanwealth of Nations AUSTRALIA - Standard Elektrizitiits-Gesellschaft l an A. 'l'eheran r G. Standard Telephones and Cables Pty. l.-imited . ... Sydney Austral Standard Cables Pty. Limited owned) Melbourne ITALYF'abb- rica Apparec<,hiature per Comunicazioni Elettriche Silovac Electrical Products Pty, Limi(50%t d .......••••.Sy dney Standard S.p.A. -
ITU-Dstudygroups
ITU-D Study Groups Study period 2018-2021 Broadband development and connectivity solutions for rural and Question 5/1 Telecommunications/ remote areas ICTs for rural and remote areas Executive summary This annual deliverable reviews major backbone telecommunication Annual deliverable infrastructure installation efforts and approaches to last-mile connectivity, 2019-2020 describes current trends in last-mile connectivity and policy interventions and recommended last-mile technologies for use in rural and remote areas, as well as in small island developing States (SIDS). Discussions and contributions made during a workshop on broadband development in rural areas, held in September 2019, have been included in this document, which concludes with two sets of high-level recommendations for regulators and policy-makers, and for operators to use as guidelines for connecting rural and remote communities. 1 More information on ITU-D study groups: E-mail: [email protected] Tel.: +41 22 730 5999 Web: www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/study-groups ITU -D Study Groups Contents Executive summary 1 Introduction 3 Trends in telecommunication/ICT backbone infrastructure 4 Last mile-connectivity 5 Trends in last-mile connectivity 6 Business regulatory models and policies 7 Recommendations and guidelines for regulators and policy-makers 8 Recommendations and guidelines for operators 9 Annex 1: Map of the global submarine cable network 11 Annex 2: Listing of submarine cables (A-Y) 12 2 More information on ITU-D study groups: E-mail: [email protected] Tel.: +41 22 730 5999 Web: www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/study-groups ITU -D Study Groups Introduction The telecommunications/ICT sector and technologies have evolved over a long period of time, starting with ancient communication systems such as drum beating and smoke signals to the electric telegraph, the fixed telephone, radio and television, transistors, video telephony and satellite. -
1858 Railroad Tunnel Opens As a Hiking Trail
Dots& Dashes •-- •••• •- - •••• •- - •••• --• • • -•• •-- • •• • • ••- --• •••• - What Hath God Wrought The Official Publication of the Morse Telegraph Club, Inc. Vol. 46, Issue No. 1 • Winter 2020-21 1858 Railroad Tunnel Opens as a Hiking Trail early two decades were required to restore the Blue Ridge Mountains. The mile-long tunnel Nan abandoned railroad tunnel in Crozet, was constructed between 1849 and 1859 using Virginia. Just opened to the public in November crude methods of that era. 2020, this project adds to a national network The tunnel maintains temperatures of about of former railroad rights-of-way turned into 50 degrees year-round. With no interior lighting, public hiking and biking trails. These innovative visitors must bring their own flashlights, preferably programs have found successful funding and have head band flashlights. Because of ecological proved popular with the public. concerns, there are no plans to light the tunnel. The Nelson County, Virginia Department of Rail traffic closed in 1944 when larger engines Parks & Recreation just opened the Claudius could not fit through the tunnel. Another tunnel Crozet Blue Ridge Tunnel Trail system to bicyclists was built next to this one and it is still used today at Rockfish Gap in Aton, Virginia. This newly by the CSX Railroad. In 2007, CSX donated the restored tunnel trail lies more than 700 feet below abandoned tunnel to Nelson County. continued on page 4 * IN THIS ISSUE Dots& Dashes Articles The official publication of 1858 Railroad Tunnel Opens The Morse Telegraph Club, Inc. as a Hiking Trail ..........................................1,4 Jim Wilson - Editor, Dots & Dashes Postal Telegraph Documentary Film 2742 Southern Hills Court • North Garden, VA 22959 By J. -
David Sarnoff
ARCI NEWS www.antique-radios.org Affiliated AWA Volume 35, Issue 5 Antique Wireless Association October 2016 RADIOFEST 2016 PIcTuRES InSIDE UpCoMIng oUTDooR MEET oCTobER 2, 2016 AMERICAN LEGION HALL 570 South Gary Avenue, Carol Stream, IL October 2, 2016 7AM – 11AM Business Meeting 9:30 am Boy Scout Pancake Breakfast / Free Coffee, Juice & Cookies 50/50 Cash Drawing Raffle 2016 ARCI MEET SCHEDULE 7AM-11AM Outdoor Swap Meet American Legion Hall October 2, 2016 Business Mtg./Officer Election 10AM Carol Stream, IL (See Map) 7AM-11AM Indoor Swap Meet American Legion Hall December 11, 2016 Business Meeting 10AM Carol Stream, IL (See Map) ~ 2 ~ pRESIDEnT’S MESSAgE It is really hard to believe that fall is already here and Radiofest 2016 has come and gone. And, what a great Radiofest it was! Our new venue was nothing short of fantastic, and our hotel accommodations were a huge upgrade over last year. Our seller registrations were up over 9% compared with 2015 and the main auction bottom line was the second highest ever. It was, as always, a jam-packed event, and I know that even those who stayed for the entire duration could not possibly have experienced every part of it. But now you can read all about it right here! This month’s ARCI NEWS features individual, detailed articles covering every aspect of Radiofest 2016, including the main auction, ham station, RCA display, and equipment contest. So, take a little time to sit back, relax, and read all about what actually happened at our premier ARCI event! It goes without saying that pulling off a complex event like Radiofest 2016 was no small feat.