cover next page > title: Lexeme-morpheme Base Morphology : A General Theory of Inflection and Word Formation SUNY Series in Linguistics author: Beard, Robert. publisher: State University of New York Press isbn10 | asin: 0791424715 print isbn13: 9780791424711 ebook isbn13: 9780585045719 language: English subject Grammar, Comparative and general--Morphology. publication date: 1995 lcc: P241.B43 1995eb ddc: 415 subject: Grammar, Comparative and general--Morphology. cover next page > If you like this book, buy it! < previous page page_i next page > Page i Lexeme-Morpheme Base Morphology < previous page page_i next page > If you like this book, buy it! < previous page page_ii next page > Page ii SUNY Series in Linguistics Mark Aronoff, Editor < previous page page_ii next page > If you like this book, buy it! < previous page page_iii next page > Page iii Lexeme-Morpheme Base Morphology A General Theory of Inflection and Word Formation Robert Beard STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK PRESS < previous page page_iii next page > If you like this book, buy it! < previous page page_iv next page > Page iv Disclaimer: This book contains characters with diacritics. When the characters can be represented using the ISO 8859-1 character set (http://www.w3.org/TR/images/latin1.gif), netLibrary will represent them as they appear in the original text, and most computers will be able to show the full characters correctly. In order to keep the text searchable and readable on most computers, characters with diacritics that are not part of the ISO 8859-1 list will be represented without their diacritical marks. Published by State University of New York Press, Albany © 1995 State University of New York All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America No part of this book may be used or reproduced in any manner whatsoever without written permission. No part of this book may be stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means including electronic, electrostatic, magnetic tape, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior permission in writing of the publisher. For information address State University of New York Press, State University Plaza, Albany, NY 12246 Production by Laura Starrett Marketing by Fran Keneston Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Beard, Robert, 1938- Lexeme-morpheme base morphology: a general theory of inflection and word formation / Robert Beard. p. cm. (SUNY series in linguistics) Includes bibliographical references (p.) and index. ISBN 0-7914-2471-5: $89.50. ISBN 0-7914-2472-3:$29.95 1. Grammar, Comparative and generalMorphology. I. Title. II. Series. P241.B43 1995 415dc20 94-30216 CIP 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 < previous page page_iv next page > If you like this book, buy it! < previous page page_v next page > Page v Contents Acknowledgments vii Preface ix List of Figures xi List of Tables xiii List of Symbols xv Chapter 1 The Agenda of Morphology 1 Chapter 2 The Aristotelean Hypothesis 19 Chapter 3 An Outline of Lexeme-Morpheme Base Morphology 43 Chapter 4 The Empty Morpheme Entailment 73 Chapter 5 Nominal Inflectional Categories 97 Chapter 6 Verbal Inflectional Categories 125 Chapter 7 Types of Lexical Derivation 155 Chapter 8 Transposition 177 Chapter 9 Grammatical and Semantic Functions 205 Chapter 10 The Syntax and Morphology of Adpositions 229 Chapter 11 Case, Case Marking, and Paradigms 253 < previous page page_v next page > If you like this book, buy it! < previous page page_vi next page > Page vi Chapter 12 The Defective Adjective Hypothesis 279 Chapter 13 The Unitary Grammatical Function Hypothesis 305 Chapter 14 The Base Rule Theory 327 Chapter 15 Bound and Free Grammatical Morphemes 353 Chapter 16 LMBM and the Agenda of Morphology 377 Appendix A The Universal Set of Nominal Grammatical Functions 391 Appendix B Productive Yupik Denominal Verbalizations 397 Appendix C Chukchee Denominal Verbalizations 399 Bibliography 401 Author Index 417 Language Index 421 Subject Index 425 < previous page page_vi next page > If you like this book, buy it! < previous page page_vii next page > Page vii Acknowledgments As usual, a project such as the one that brought forth the present book was not carried out alone or in a vacuum. In addition to the intellectual fore-bears of the morphological theory outlined in this work, many friends and colleagues have contributed even more directly to the book itself. Leonard Babby originally suggested my stay as a research fellow at Cornell in 1983-1984, where work on this book began. Len also lent me his four-volume set of Archi grammar which contributed materially to the thinking that follows. Wolfgang Dressier long ago advised me on how to proceed against the odds with a complex theory like LMBM and has materially helped shape the theory with cogent criticism in his published works. Annette Ellis's Bucknell honors thesis yielded several important ideas including the structure of the argument against lexical prepositions in chapter 10. Joan Maling's comments on chapters 12 through 14 led to major improvements. Andrew Spencer and Andrew Carstairs-McCarthy gave the manuscript detailed readings at two different stages and provided comments which caught several oversights and led to rethinking of several parts. Norbert Corver and Henk van Riemsdijk provided crucial discussion of prepositions in Dutch and elsewhere. Steven Franks and Gerald Greenberg have supplied advice on syntax throughout the ordeal of bringing the LMBM theory together. Jorge Hankamer provided several examples from Turkish. Slava Yastremsky was kind enough to verify the Russian examples, and Peter Morris-Keitel, the German ones. Much of the material contained herein has benefitted on its way to the book in various forms from the comments, written and spoken, of Mark Aronoff, Geert Booij, Ursula Doleschal, Jaap van Marle, Bogdan Szymanek, Amanda Pounder, Richard Sproat, and Jan Don. Preparation of the manuscript has benefitted from several of my research assistants, whose diligence and care smoothed the road on many occasions. Francine Falvo did much of the bibliographic work and Brooke Bitner contributed to work on the manuscript in too many ways to enumerate. My secretary, Florence Silverman, has supported many aspects of the project, too many in fact to remember. Christine Worden and Laura Starrett of SUNY Press played vital roles in seeing the manuscript to press. My heartfelt thanks to all of them. < previous page page_vii next page > If you like this book, buy it! < previous page page_viii next page > Page viii Primary financial support for the project has derived from the research funds of the Ruth Everette Sierzega Chair in Linguistics and from the office of the Dean, College of Arts and Sciences, Bucknell University. I am particularly grateful to Eugenie P. Gerdes, Dean of that College, for assisting with generous travel funds and other crucial support in the preparation of the manuscript. My children, Jeffrey and Owen, have always been a great comfort to me. They were particularly kind to entertain themselves and even take over my chores when this project absorbed all my attention. My parents, Kathleen and LaVeme Beard, were kind enough to contribute the solace of their vacation home on Topsail Island, NC toward the initial draft of the book. Finally and foremost, I owe the greatest debt to my wife, Faye, not only for carrying the full load of our family through much of the project, but for supporting the project enthusiatically from beginning to end and, indeed, for funding a significant portion of it. It is to her, and to our enduring friendship, that the final product is dedicated. < previous page page_viii next page > If you like this book, buy it! < previous page page_ix next page > Page ix Preface The book you have chosen to open represents an ambitious project which began in 1960 with my University of Michigan M.A. thesis in Slavic linguistics. My advisor, James Ferrell, asked me to devise as many word formation rules for contemporary Russian adjectives as I could. He insisted that the rules must be "predictive" to be of any value, though he admitted his doubt that such rules were possible. By the time I had finished the thesis, I shared his doubts. I was encouraged to continue my pursuit of the elusive predictive word formation rule in my Ph.D thesis, presumably under the assumption that it would keep me occupied while the members of my committee traveled. From 1961-1964 I managed to work wholly unsupervised in Yugoslavia and the US on adjectival word formation in Serbo-Croatian. Since linguists at Michigan at the time exhibited little curiosity about what Noam Chomsky was doing, I was surprised to find Milka Ivic * assigning Syntactic Structures in her syntax course in Novi Sad. But I read it and R. B. Lees' classic English Nominalizations, too. Without proper supervision, I began thinking in the same strange ways as these two luminaries. Lees came across a problem which led him to suspect that nominalization might comprise discrete processes of derivation and affixation, but did not pursue the idea. I found much evidence that the rules of Serbo-Croatian adjective derivation were distinct from the affixation rules. Without appropriate supervision, I was able to complete a draft of my dissertation that developed this line of thought. My committee was unimpressed; however, I received my Ph.D on the basis of a revised version containing only a short introduction and the chapter on affixation. I took up a position at Bucknell in 1965 with the assignment to build a Russian literature and linguistics program but the idea would not go away: Leitner, Kiefer, and Matthews separated derivation from affixation in the early '70's to solve specific problems of morphology. Aronoff's first monograph carried a suggestion of the same idea the year of my first publication in Language (1976).