Corridor Analysis of Interstate 85: Greenville and Spartanburg Counties
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CORRIDOR AN A LYSIS OF INTERST A TE 85: GREENVILLE A ND SP A RT A NBUR G COUNTIES Travel demand is the collective desire by a wide array of motorists to drive on a highway. High travel demand in concentrated time periods such as during the morning commute results in a “rush hour” (peak hours). When the demand is close to or exceeds the capacity of the roadway, congestion results. Travel demand management (TDM) is a deliberate attempt to influence the number of vehicles attempting to use the highway at a particular time. This chapter explores a number of strategies that have the potential to decrease travel demand and thereby decrease congestion, particularly in the peak hours. Each strategy is identified with the label “TDM” followed by a number in order to track these strategies throughout this report. 7.1 TRAVEL INFORMATION SERVICES (TDM1 AND TDM2) Dynamic Message Signs (TDM1) Roadway information can be provided through on road signing, advising motorist of special conditions in the immediate vicinity or well in advance of an actual event. This information is displayed using CH A PTER 7: TR A VEL DEM A ND MA N ag EMENT Variable Message Signs (VMS) or Dynamic Message Signs (DMS). VMS signs are portable, shoulder mounted signs and DMS signs are permanent, structures mounted over the roadway. Generally VMS signs warn of special conditions such as lane closures due to construction or other incidents. DMS signs may be used for incidents, but also may be used to convey travel times to significant interchanges along the route. The travel times displayed take into account the actual prevailing speed of traffic and are adjusted to account for congestion along the route. The signs may also be used to provide information such as Amber Alerts to advise of child abductions in the area. In the study area there are currently five VMS signs and three DMS signs. Additional DMS signs would be beneficial to the public and to incident responders advising of incidents ahead that require lane closures or detours. It is recommended that five new DMS signs be considered at the following locations in order of priority: • I-85 NB between I-385 and Pelham Road (locate approximately 4,000 feet north of the Roper Mountain Road) • I-85 SB between Woodruff Road and Laurens Road (locate approximately 1,000 feet south of the Salters Road) Prepared by Civil Engineering Consulting Services, Inc. for the South Carolina Department of Transportation 46 CORRIDOR AN A LYSIS OF INTERST A TE 85: GREENVILLE A ND SP A RT A NBUR G COUNTIES • I-85 NB between SC 101 and SC 290 (locate approximately 1,000 feet north of the Dantzler Major Employers Road overpass) One important aspect of the outreach process was identification and involvement of the major employers in the study area. Some of these were included in the stakeholder group and one was on both the • I-85 SB between SC 290 and SC 101 (erect on the same structure as the sign described stakeholder group and the steering committee. Input from these major employers was especially above) important in research on the rideshare programs as well as freight handling. • I-85 NB south of US 25 (locate approximately 1,000 feet south of SC 20) Major employers in the area include: SCDOT Website Enhancement (TDM2) • Hubbell Lighting • Blue Ridge Electric Cooperative SCDOT currently has a variety of ways to communicate travel conditions throughout the state. • BMW Manufacturing • Fluor Corporation • Greenville-Spartanburg Airport • Sealed Air Corp – Cryovac Division Through its website at www.scdot.org motorists can access SCDOT’s traffic cameras, get updates on • Michelin North America • General Electric construction activities, road conditions, evacuation routes and weather conditions. It is recommended • Furman University • C&S Wholesale – Bi-Lo Grocery Distribution that information on existing Park & Ride facilities, transit opportunities, and Rideshare programs be • Greenville Technical College • Campbell Center added to the SCDOT website. This information should be updated as new facilities and opportunities • Lockheed Martin Aircraft & Logistics • Jacobs Engineering Group are implemented. • Clemson University International Center for Automotive Research 7.2 511 SERVICE (TDM3) Major Traffic Generators SCDOT has deployed a new travel information service, 511, which will provide Traffic congestion along the corridor is continually worsening with delays becoming more numerous motorists a source of up to date travel conditions by route for all Interstate and peak rush hours getting longer. Exhibit 48 lists the number of employees for some of the major routes in the state. This information can be accessed by dialing 511. This employers previously listed. None of these companies have formal rideshare or carpooling programs, information can also be accessed by computer before beginning a trip. Email although several expressed interest in possibly implementing such programs. One company had a alerts can also be provided to subscribers of the service. There is no charge formal program for several years but was unable to continue with it due to logistical problems with for the service other than the subscribed personal cell phone service. It is recommended that SCDOT employees on overtime. continue to improve the customer friendliness of the system and refer users to the SCDOT website for additional information. Exhibit 48: Number Employed by Major Employers within Study Area COMP A NY NUMBER OF I-85 CORRIDOR EMPLOYEES EXIT NO. 7.3 OUTREACH AND EDUCATION (TDM4) Hubbell Lighting 480 51 BMW Manufacturing 7000 58 & 60 As mentioned in Chapter 6, an important component of this study has been public and community Greenville-Spartanburg Airport 650 56 & 57 involvement. In addition to the public and community outreach efforts, major employers and traffic Michelin North America 4000 54 generators were specifically targeted through surveys and interviews. Jacobs Engineering Group 600 51 Furman University 3300 48 Greenville Technical College 1500 46 Prepared by Civil Engineering Consulting Services, Inc. for the South Carolina Department of Transportation 47 CORRIDOR AN A LYSIS OF INTERST A TE 85: GREENVILLE A ND SP A RT A NBUR G COUNTIES A program to engage the major employers and traffic generators along the corridor should be established. planning that companies currently use to avoid corridor congestion are limiting the number of trucks With the lack of formal rideshare or carpooling programs, there is a great opportunity to reach out to dispatched at rush hours, using secondary and other primary roads to avoid congestion on I-85, and these employers and their employees to make them aware of the opportunities that exist for sharing using dispatch information for truckers to avoid congestion areas and accident areas. Additional freight rides. Outreach efforts should include discussions with management to determine their level of interest trip planning encouragement from transportation planning agencies is unlikely to result in significant and support, and the best way to share information with the employees. reductions in truck traffic during peak hours. This outreach and education effort has potential benefits for both employer and employee in the form of Recommended improvements garnered from the surveys include: reduced congestion on I-85 and local routes, improved on-time arrival of employees, and reduced travel • Additional lanes in each direction cost to employees. A partnership of transportation planners and providers working in cooperation with major employers should educate the employees on options other than driving alone. These options • Additional truck parking in order to wait out peak hours when delivery schedules allow include transit, park and ride lots, carpooling, or developing ridesharing programs. Based on the • A parallel route to I-85 opportunities that exist today, this outreach effort has the potential to reduce peak hour traffic by 1%. As incentives such as increased fuel prices and employers’ encouragement increase, the potential for • Improved designs such as longer entrance and exit ramps, wider lane widths, and improved employees to share rides will be increased and the impacts on traffic could increase well beyond the signage 1%. All of the above survey recommendations are discussed and evaluated in more detail in other sections of this report. 7.4 FREIGHT TRIP PLANNING (TDM5) 7.5 TRANSIT ORIENTED DEVELOPMENT (TDM6) Another major contributor to traffic in the corridor is freight movement, both through the corridor and locally, especially to the manufacturing plants listed in Exhibit 48. Truck traffic makes up approximately Transit oriented development (TOD) is defined as compact, mixed-use development within easy walking 28% of the traffic volumes in the corridor study area; however, it is difficult to determine what percentage distance of public transportation and is a key element of livable, sustainable communities. TOD is is passing through as compared to delivering in the area. about creating communities where people have transportation and housing choices, where people can walk, ride a bike, and take public transit on a daily basis. Creating a convenient and affordable As previously stated in Chapter 6, a freight survey was conducted in order to determine the potential lifestyle where housing, employment, entertainment, and restaurants are conveniently located and to reduce and/or reschedule freight trips during peak traffic hours as well as gather information and easily reached by modes of travel other than private automobiles. identify locations along the corridor where improvements are needed to facilitate freight movements. A list of freight moving companies in the area was compiled using information from the South Carolina Land use and development planning Trucking Association and the major employers in the area. A survey questionnaire was developed activities are primarily the responsibility and over 100 surveys were sent to the identified companies. In addition to the surveys noted above, and purview of local governments. Local several industries or associations were contacted directly for input.