Sethoxydim [Poast] Human Health and Ecological Risk Assessment Final Report
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SERA TR 01-43-01-01c Sethoxydim [Poast] Human Health and Ecological Risk Assessment Final Report Prepared for: USDA, Forest Service Forest Health Protection GSA Contract No. GS-10F-0082F USDA Forest Service BPA: WO-01-3187-0150 Requisition No.: 43-3187-1-0035 Task No. 1 Submitted to: Leslie Rubin, COTR Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) Environmental Analysis and Documentation United States Department of Agriculture 4700 River Road Riverdale, MD 20737 Submitted by: Patrick R. Durkin Syracuse Environmental Research Associates, Inc. 5100 Highbridge St., 42C Fayetteville, New York 13066-0950 Telephone: (315) 637-9560 Fax: (315) 637-0445 E-Mail: [email protected] Home Page: www.sera-inc.com October 31, 2001 TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES ......................................................... v LIST OF FIGURES ......................................................... v ACRONYMS, ABBREVIATIONS, AND SYMBOLS ............................. vi COMMON UNIT CONVERSIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS ....................... viii CONVERSION OF SCIENTIFIC NOTATION ................................... ix EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ....................................................x 1. INTRODUCTION ...................................................... 1-1 2. PROGRAM DESCRIPTION .............................................. 2-1 2.1. OVERVIEW ...................................................... 2-1 2.2. CHEMICAL DESCRIPTION AND COMMERCIAL FORMULATIONS ........ 2-1 2.3. APPLICATION METHODS .......................................... 2-2 2.4. MIXING AND APPLICATION RATES ................................. 2-2 2.5. USE STATISTICS .................................................. 2-2 3. HUMAN HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT ................................... 3-1 3.1. HAZARD IDENTIFICATION ......................................... 3-1 3.1.1. Overview .................................................. 3-1 3.1.2. Acute Oral Toxicity .......................................... 3-1 3.1.3. Subchronic or Chronic Systemic Toxic Effects ...................... 3-2 3.1.4. Reproductive and Teratogenic Effects ............................ 3-2 3.1.5. Carcinogenicity and Mutagenicity ................................ 3-2 3.1.6. Effects on the Skin and Eyes ................................... 3-2 3.1.7. Systemic Toxic Effects from Dermal Exposure ...................... 3-2 3.1.8. Inhalation Exposure .......................................... 3-3 3.1.9. Impurities, Adjuvants, and Metabolites ............................ 3-3 3.1.10. Toxicological Interactions ..................................... 3-4 ii 3.2. EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT .......................................... 3-4 3.2.1. Overview .................................................. 3-4 3.2.2. Workers ................................................... 3-5 3.2.3. General Public .............................................. 3-6 3.2.4. Inhalation Exposures ......................................... 3-7 3.3. DOSE-RESPONSE ASSESSMENT ................................... 3-8 3.3.1. Overview .................................................. 3-8 3.3.2. Existing Guidelines ........................................... 3-8 3.3.3 Dose-Response and Dose-Severity Relationships .................... 3-8 3.4. RISK CHARACTERIZATION ....................................... 3-8 3.4.1. Overview .................................................. 3-8 3.4.2. Workers ................................................... 3-9 3.4.3. General Public .............................................. 3-9 3.4.4. Sensitive Subgroups ......................................... 3-10 3.4.5. Connected Actions .......................................... 3-10 3.4.6. Cumulative Effects .......................................... 3-10 3.4.7. Inhalation Exposures ........................................ 3-10 4. ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT ...................................... 4-1 4.1. HAZARD IDENTIFICATION ....................................... 4-1 4.1.1. Overview .................................................. 4-1 4.1.2. Toxicity to Terrestrial Organisms ................................ 4-1 4.1.3. Aquatic Organisms ........................................... 4-2 4.2. EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT ........................................ 4-3 4.2.1. Overview .................................................. 4-3 4.2.2. Consumption by Terrestrial Animals .............................. 4-3 4.2.3. Inhalation Exposures ......................................... 4-4 4.2.4. Aquatic Organisms ........................................... 4-4 4.3. DOSE-RESPONSE ASSESSMENT ................................... 4-4 4.3.1. Overview .................................................. 4-4 4.3.2. Toxicity to Terrestrial Organisms ................................ 4-5 4.3.3. Aquatic Organisms ........................................... 4-6 iii TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued) 4.4. RISK CHARACTERIZATION ....................................... 4-6 4.4.1. Overview .................................................. 4-6 4.4.2. Terrestrial Organisms ......................................... 4-7 4.4.3. Aquatic Organism ........................................... 4-8 5. REFERENCES ........................................................ 5-1 APPENDICES Appendix 1: Toxicity of Sethoxydim and Poast to experimental mammals. Appendix 2: Toxicity of Sethoxydim and Poast to birds. Appendix 3: Toxicity of Sethoxydim and Poast to aquatic organisms. WORKSHEETS ATTACHMENTS Attachment 1: Documentation for Worksheets Version 2.02 - Human Health and Ecological Risk Assessments. Attachment 2: Documentation for the Use of GLEAMS and Auxiliary Programs, SERA AT 2000-01b, dated September 24, 2000. iv LIST OF TABLES Table 2-1 Selected Physical and Chemical properties ............................. 2-4 Table 3-1 Summary of Exposure Assessments for Workers ........................ 3-23 Table 3-2 Summary of Exposure Assessments for the General Public ................ 3-24 Table 3-3 Specific Parameters Used in GLEAMS Modeling ....................... 3-25 Table 3-4 Estimated concentrations of sethoxydim in a small stream based on GLEAMS modeling with different soil types and annual rainfall rates and using a normalized application rate of 1 lb/acre. ....................................... 3-26 Table 3-5 Estimated concentrations of sethoxydim in a small pond based on GLEAMS modeling with different soil types and annual rainfall rates and using a normalized application rate of 1 lb/acre. ....................................... 3-27 Table 3-6 Summary of risk characterization for workers .......................... 3-28 Table 3-7 Summary of risk characterization for the general public ................... 3-29 Table 4-1 Summary of Exposure Scenarios for Terrestrial Animals .................. 4-21 Table 4-2 Summary of toxicity values used in ecological risk assessment .............. 4-22 Table 4-3 Summary of quantitative risk characterization for terrestrial animals ......... 4-23 Table 4-4 Quantitative Risk Characterization for Aquatic Species ................... 4-24 v ACRONYMS, ABBREVIATIONS, AND SYMBOLS a.e. acid equivalents a.i. active ingredient AEL adverse-effect level APHIS Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service ARS Agricultural Research Station ATSDR Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry BCF bioconcentration factor bw body weight cm centimeter DG dispersible granules EC50 concentration causing 50% inhibition of a process EC100 concentration causing complete inhibition of a process EIS environmental impact statement F female F1 first filial generation FH Forest Health FQPA Food Quality Protection Act FS Forest Service g gram GC gas chromatography GRAS generally recognized as safe HQ hazard quotient IARC International Agency for Research on Cancer IRIS Integrated Risk Information System i.p. intraperitoneal kg kilogram Ko/c organic carbon partition coefficient Kow octanol-water partition coefficient Kp skin permeability coefficient L liter lb pound LC50 lethal concentration, 50% mortality LD50 lethal dose, 50% mortality LD95 lethal dose, 95% mortality LOAEL lowest-observed-adverse-effect level m meter M male mg milligram mg/kg/day milligrams of agent per kilogram of body weight per day mL milliliter MSDS material safety data sheet MW molecular weight NCI National Cancer Institute NOAEL no-observed-adverse-effect level vi ACRONYMS, ABBREVIATIONS, AND SYMBOLS (continued) NOEC no-observed-effect concentration NOEL no-observed-effect level NRC National Research Council OPP Office of Pesticide Programs ORD Office of Research and Development OTS Office of Toxic Substances ppm parts per million RBC red blood cells RfD reference dose UF uncertainty factor U.S. United States U.S. EPA U.S. Environmental Protection Agency USDA United States Department of Agriculture > greater than $ greater than or equal to < less than # less than or equal to = equal to • approximately equal to vii COMMON UNIT CONVERSIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS To convert ... Into ... Multiply by ... acres hectares (ha) 0.4047 acres square meters (m2) 4,047 atmospheres millimeters of mercury 760 centigrade Fahrenheit 1.8C°+32 centimeters inches 0.3937 cubic meters (m3) liters (L) 1,000 Fahrenheit centigrade 0.556F°-17.8 feet per second (ft/sec) miles/hour (mi/hr) 0.6818 gallons (gal) liters (L) 3.785 gallons per acre (gal/acre) liters per hectare (L/ha) 9.34 grams (g) ounces, (oz) 0.03527 grams (g) pounds, (oz) 0.002205 hectares (ha) acres 2.471 hectares (ha) square meters 10,000 inches (in) centimeters (cm) 2.540 kilograms (kg) ounces, (oz) 35.274 kilograms