D2.5 Portfolio of Co-Designed Urban Services
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Ref. Ares(2019)1060822 - 20/02/2019 ––– 1 D2.5 PORTFOLIO OF CO-DESIGNED URBAN SERVICES 2 Date of November 2018 preparation: Start date of the 1st January 2016 Duration: 60 months project: Version: 0.2 Prepared by: Tom White [FCC] Francesco Marchet [FCC] Jemma Hoare [RGB] Giuseppe Salvia [PoliMi] Eugenio Morello [PoliMi] Roberto Nocerino [CdM] [Poliedra] Caterina Benvenuto [Legambiente] Maria Elena Hugony [Teicos] Giuliana Gemini [Poliedra] Susana Marques [CML] Catarina Rolim [IST] Carolina Carli [Ceiia] Checked by: Tom White [FCC] Verified by: Francesco Marchet [FCC] Status: Final Draft Dissemination Public level: DISCLAIMER: The content of this publication does not reflect the official opinion of the European Commission. Responsibility for the information and views expressed herein lies entirely with the authors. Reproduction or use is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. Any references to products or services in this report are not to be implied as endorsement by the European Commission or the Future Cities Catapult. 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................. 5 SHARING CITIES – THE STORY SO FAR ............................................................................. 5 AIM OF THIS DOCUMENT ................................................................................................. 5 CONTEXT ................................................................................................................... 6 WHAT IS CO-DESIGN? .................................................................................................... 6 WHY CO-DESIGN? .......................................................................................................... 7 OVERVIEW OF THE THREE CITIES ..................................................................................... 9 THE REPORTS .............................................................................................................. 12 GREENWICH ................................................................................................................ 13 LISBON ..................................................................................................................... 29 MILAN ....................................................................................................................... 52 FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS ............................................................................. 99 KEY INSIGHTS ......................................................................................................... 99 CONCLUSIONS …………………………………………………………………………….............................. ..............113 LOOKING AHEAD ........................................................................................................ 113 APPENDICES – MILAN .............................................................................................. 115 4 INTRODUCTION SHARING CITIES – THE STORY SO FAR Sharing Cities, the European Commission funded Horizon 2020 project, which runs from 1st Jan 2016 to 31st December 2020, entails a consortium of 35 partners from cities, industry, NGOs and academia from the UK, Italy and Portugal. Its focus is on creating replicable, commercial-scale solutions with high market potential in energy, transport, and ICT. At its core this means aggregating the demand for these technologies across cities in Europe and more widely, replicating the technologies on a large scale through the development of the business models needed to secure financing for implementation at scale – and to replicate this technology in accordance with the needs of cities. To do this demonstration districts in ‘lighthouse’ cities Lisbon, London, and Milan have been created: The Royal Borough of Greenwich in London, Porta Romana/Vettabbia in Milan and downtown Lisbon. Urban digital solutions and collaboration models have been implemented around retrofit buildings, shared mobility services, smart energy management systems and smart lampposts. An urban sharing platform has also been created to collect data and make it available for further use and exploitation. Using the services implemented in Greenwich, Milan and Lisbon and the data collected, Future Cities Catapult is now leading on the creation of replicable digital social market applications and city manager dashboards. Exploration of other potential features is ongoing. These solutions and collaboration models are intended to be replicable, and fellow cities Bordeaux, Burgas and Warsaw will co-develop, validate, or implement these solutions and models in an attempt at replicating what’s already been done in the lighthouse cities. AIM OF THIS DOCUMENT This document provides a comprehensive report from each of these three lighthouse projects, from which we will create – using the learnings from each project’s successes, as well as any challenges or indeed failures – a detailed toolkit that will be made available across the Sharing Cities ecosystem to help catalyse best practice in all subsequent projects. The following reports document just the first stage in the application of the Sharing Cities principles, and will provide a practical foundation for the ongoing development of common tools and methodologies for their implementation, as well as an evolving, learnings-based toolkit that cities worldwide can access and contribute to moving forwards. 5 CONTEXT WHAT IS CO-DESIGN? “Human Centered Design is an approach for situations with high levels of ambiguity and uncertainty, in which the only way forward is to combine creativity with analysis.” Lucy Kimble Approaches to co-design and service innovation have been well documented in recent years; for example the Double Diamond Technique, first introduced by the Design Council in 2005, or the Lean Startup approach, developed by Eric Reis in 2008, and, more recently, the Design Sprint methodology by Jake Knapp in 2010. Well-established organisations such as IDEO and Google have been developing and fine-tuning approaches and techniques to unlock innovation in multiple sectors for many years. Each of these approaches have been shown to unlock insights in many of the challenges associated with city-wide co-creation by offering common frameworks from which to convene and align stakeholders across complex challenges. 6 Co-design draws from the fields of Human Centred Design and User Centred Design, whereby user’s needs and limitations are placed at the heart of a pre-defined challenge or context. This approach ensures a ‘people-centred’ approach to the development of solutions, which in turn makes it a particularly powerful tool for advancing innovation in a city context, where the needs of citizens and organisations are varied and, frequently, seemingly at odds. Employing a co-design approach to urban innovation can demonstrably increase engagement across all city stakeholder-groups. Effective co-creative practice does in fact very much depend upon the inclusion and close collaboration of key stakeholders, such as project teams, front line staff, back office staff, citizens, community interest groups, charities, marketeers, senior decision makers, union representatives, academics, infrastructure experts, product development and software experts, researchers and designers. These relationships can frequently be both challenging and complex. However a carefully established co-design programme can frequently also foster enthusiastic dialogue across frequently disparate and siloed city stakeholder groups. And with patience and effective facilitation, their collective insights will make your city service profoundly more valuable, especially to citizens. However, even though the development and evolution process of these frameworks is largely drawn from practical experience, it is worth remembering that they are still tools, and not solutions in and of themselves. As such it’s critical that they are employed diligently and with a clear understanding of both their broader purpose and how to use them effectively. It’s in these instances that they can be a powerful means to reveal profound insights, align complex stakeholder groups and move projects forward. WHY CO-DESIGN? Co-design unlocks a wide range of opportunities. It empowers teams and city managers to make evidence-based decisions. It makes it difficult to work based on lazy assumptions about contexts or user groups, and urges us instead to research our objectives and ideas, and to build on a solid evidence base. The development and implementation of city services is complex. Adopting a collaborative approach to design, through service innovation methods, provides the ecosystem of stakeholders with a framework from which to navigate the process. It helps to avoid the scenario of many experts working in silos. This can create positive effects further along in your work in that it facilitates a smooth connection between service planning and service delivery. If your audience are part of the development process, they are much more likely to embrace to the outcome and promote it to others. Behaviour change is a central theme of Sharing Cities project. Co-design (in unison with service innovation) is very well placed to understand people and behaviours, and to help stakeholders create exciting and viable alternatives in order to provide new opportunities 7 and establish new behaviours. Co-design helps to empower teams to experiment with new behaviours and practices. Co-design brings stakeholders teams into