Pharmacology - Problem Drill 15: Drugs Affecting Fertility and Reproduction

Question No. 1 of 10 Instructions: (1) Read the problem and answer choices carefully (2) Work the problems on paper as needed (3) Pick the answer (4) Go back to review the core concept tutorial as needed. 1. ______are the term for sex organs, which are testes in the male, and ovaries in the female:

(A) Spermatozoon Question #01 (B) Ovum (C) Gonads (D) SRY (E) DNA

A. Incorrect! Spermatozoon is a cell or genetic material in the male required to create new life.

B. Incorrect! Ovum is a cell or genetic material in the female required to create new life.

C. Correct! Gonads are the term for sex organs, which are testes in the male, and ovaries in Feedback on the female. Each Answer

Choice

D. Incorrect! SRY is sex-determining region of the Y chromosome.

E. Incorrect! DNA is the genetic material inside cells.

Gonads are the term for sex organs, which are testes in the male, and ovaries in the female. The sex organs are responsible for producing gametes or germ cells, which contain one half the required genetic materials required to create new life.

The correct answer is (C). Solution

RapidLearningCenter.com © Rapid Learning Inc. All Rights Reserved Question No. 2 of 10 Instructions: (1) Read the problem and answer choices carefully (2) Work the problems on paper as needed (3) Pick the answer (4) Go back to review the core concept tutorial as needed. 2. The difference between male and female phenotype depends on the ______of the sex chromosomes.

Question (A) Genitalia #02 (B) Genotypic makeup (C) Gametogenesis (D) Gonadotropins (E) FSH

A. Incorrect! Genitalia are the genital ducts and the outer characteristics of sex.

B. Correct! Genotypic makeup of the sex chromosomes differentiates between male and female phenotype.

C. Incorrect! Feedback Gametogenesis is the production of germ cells. on Each Answer Choice D. Incorrect! Gametogenesis and sex hormone secretion are dependent on the secretion of pituitary hormones called gonadotropins.

E. Incorrect! FSH stimulates follicular development and maturation in the ovary, and stimulates spermatogenesis in males.

The difference between male and female phenotype depends on the genotypic makeup of the sex chromosomes. The normal female cell contains 46 chromosomes, 2 of which are sex determining, the double XX (XX) genotype. The two X chromosomes contain genes responsible for the development of the ovaries. When there is instead an XY makeup, this is the determinant for becoming male.

Solution The correct answer is (B).

RapidLearningCenter.com © Rapid Learning Inc. All Rights Reserved Question No. 3 of 10 Instructions: (1) Read the problem and answer choices carefully (2) Work the problems on paper as needed (3) Pick the answer (4) Go back to review the core concept tutorial as needed. 3. The process of ______production is a process that begins at puberty and continues throughout adult life.

(A) Sertoli cells (B) Spermatozoan Question #03 (C) Leydig cells (D) Cell division (E) SRY

A. Incorrect! Sertoli cells play a number of roles within the testes, including forming a protective blood-testis barrier.

B. Correct! The process of spermatozoan production is a process that begins at puberty and continues throughout adult life.

C. Incorrect! Feedback on Leydig cells are driven by luteinizing hormone to produce testosterone. Each Answer Choice

D. Incorrect! You need to be more specific.

E. Incorrect! SRY is the sex-determining region of the Y chromosome.

The testicles contain different cells that play different roles in regulating testicular function. The germinal epithelium plays a dual role in spermatogenesis: first, it produces millions of spermatozoa each day, and second, it must continuously replace the spermatozoa progenitor cells, called spermatogoina. The process of spermatozoan production is a process that begins at puberty and Solution continues throughout adult life.

The correct answer is (B).

RapidLearningCenter.com © Rapid Learning Inc. All Rights Reserved Question No. 4 of 10 Instructions: (1) Read the problem and answer choices carefully (2) Work the problems on paper as needed (3) Pick the answer (4) Go back to review the core concept tutorial as needed. 4. ______is a synthetic, steroidal estrogen.

(A) Dienstrol (B) Ethinyl estradiol Question #04 (C) Methestrol (D) Benzestrol (E) Diethylstilbestrol

A. Incorrect! Dienstrol is a synthetic, non-steroidal estrogen.

B. Correct! Ethinyl estradiol is a synthetic, steroidal estrogen.

C. Incorrect! Methestrol is a synthetic, non-steroidal estrogen. Feedback on Each Answer Choice D. Incorrect! Benzestrol is a synthetic, non-steroidal estrogen.

E. Incorrect! Diethylstilbestrol is a synthetic, non-steroidal estrogen.

The synthetic estrogens are manufactured by modifications to the natural estrogens. They include ethinyl estradiol, mestranol and quinestrol. Futhermore, there are non-steroidal estrogens that are synthetically including dienstrol, diethylstilbestrol, benzestrol, hexestrol, methestrol, methallenstril and chlorotrianisene.

The correct answer is (B).

Solution

RapidLearningCenter.com © Rapid Learning Inc. All Rights Reserved Question No. 5 of 10 Instructions: (1) Read the problem and answer choices carefully (2) Work the problems on paper as needed (3) Pick the answer (4) Go back to review the core concept tutorial as needed. 5. ______stimulates follicle development and is the main hormone controlling estrogen secretion.

(A) Luteinizing hormone (LH) Question #05 (B) Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) (C) Hypothalamic GnRH (D) Estrogen (E) Progesterone

A. Incorrect! Luteinizing hormone (LH) stimulates ovulation at mid-cycle and is the main hormone controlling subsequent progesterone secretion from the corpus luteum.

B. Correct! Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) stimulates follicle development and is the main hormone controlling estrogen secretion.

C. Incorrect! Feedback on Hypothalamic GnRH acts on the anterior pituitary to release FSH and LH which act Each Answer on ovary. Choice

D. Incorrect! Estrogen controls the proliferative phase of the endometrium.

E. Incorrect! Progesterone does not control estrogen secretion.

Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) stimulates follicle development and is the main hormone controlling estrogen secretion.

The correct answer is (B).

Solution

Question No. 6 of 10 Instructions: (1) Read the problem and answer choices carefully (2) Work the problems on paper as needed (3) Pick the answer (4) Go back to review the core concept tutorial as needed. 6. ______controls the proliferative phase of the endometrium.

(A) Progesterone (B) Amennorhoea Question #06 (C) Estrogen (D) FSH (E) Luteinizing hormone (LH)

A. Incorrect! Progesterone the later secretory phase of ovarian function.

B. Incorrect! Amennorhoea is a disturbance in ovarian function during and after the reproductive years.

C. Correct! Feedback on Estrogen controls the proliferative phase of the endometrium. Each Answer Choice

D. Incorrect! Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) stimulates follicle development and is the main hormone controlling estrogen secretion.

E. Incorrect! Luteinizing hormone (LH) stimulates ovulation at mid-cycle and is the main hormone controlling subsequent progesterone secretion from the corpus luteum.

Estrogen controls the proliferative phase of the endometrium, progesterone the later secretory phase, both have negative feedback effects on the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary. If the fertilized ovum is implanted, the corpus luteum continues to secrete progesterone during the pregnancy.

The correct answer is (C). Solution

RapidLearningCenter.com © Rapid Learning Inc. All Rights Reserved Question No. 7 of 10 Instructions: (1) Read the problem and answer choices carefully (2) Work the problems on paper as needed (3) Pick the answer (4) Go back to review the core concept tutorial as needed. 7. ______results in ovulation by inhibiting the negative feedback effects on the hypothalamus and the anterior pituitary.

(A) Estradiol Question #07 (B) Menastrol (C) Tamoxifen (D) Clomiphene (E) Quinestrol

A. Incorrect! Estradiol is the most potent estrogen that is released at the beginning of the menstrual cycle and reaches its peak mid-cycle.

B. Incorrect! Mestranol is a synthetic estrogens manufactured by modifications to the natural estrogens.

C. Incorrect! Tamoxifen is used in estrogen dependant breast cancer. Feedback on Each Answer Choice D. Correct! Clomiphene results in ovulation by inhibiting the negative feedback effects on the hypothalamus and the anterior pituitary.

E. Incorrect! Quinestrol is a synthetic estrogens manufactured by modifications to the natural estrogens.

Anti-estrogens compete with estrogens for the nuclear receptor. Clomiphene results in ovulation by inhibiting the negative feedback effects on the hypothalamus and the anterior pituitary.

The correct answer is (D).

Solution

RapidLearningCenter.com © Rapid Learning Inc. All Rights Reserved Question No. 8 of 10 Instructions: (1) Read the problem and answer choices carefully (2) Work the problems on paper as needed (3) Pick the answer (4) Go back to review the core concept tutorial as needed. 8. ______is the most potent estrogen that is released at the beginning of the menstrual cycle and reaches its peak mid-cycle.

(A) Estradiol Question #08 (B) Mestranol (C) Tamoxifen (D) Clomiphene (E) Quinestrol

A. Correct! Estradiol is the most potent estrogen that is released at the beginning of the menstrual cycle and reaches its peak mid-cycle.

B. Incorrect! Mestranol is a synthetic estrogens manufactured by modifications to the natural estrogens.

C. Incorrect! Tamoxifen is used in estrogen dependant breast cancer. Feedback on

Each Answer

Choice

D. Incorrect! Clomiphene results in ovulation by inhibiting the negative feedback effects on the hypothalamus and the anterior pituitary.

E. Incorrect! Quinestro is a synthetic estrogens manufactured by modifications to the natural estrogens.

Estradiol is the most potent estrogen that is released at the beginning of the menstrual cycle and reaches its peak mid-cycle.

The correct answer is (A).

Solution

RapidLearningCenter.com © Rapid Learning Inc. All Rights Reserved Question No. 9 of 10 Instructions: (1) Read the problem and answer choices carefully (2) Work the problems on paper as needed (3) Pick the answer (4) Go back to review the core concept tutorial as needed. 9. The two hormones that comprise the combination pill are:

(A) Progesterone and estrogen (B) Progesterone and testosterone Question #09 (C) Progesterone and GnRH (D) Testosterone and estrogen (E) None of the above

A. Correct! Combinations of estrogens and progesterones are known as the combined pill.

B. Incorrect! Progesterone is in the combined pill, but testosterone is not.

C. Incorrect! Feedback on Progesterone is in the combined pill, but GnRH is not. Each Answer Choice

D. Incorrect! Estrogen is in the combined pill, but testosterone is not.

E. Incorrect! One of the above answers is correct.

The combined pill contains an estrogen and progesterone that is taken for 21 consecutive days out of 28. Menstrual bleeding will occur during the 7-day pill free period. The estrogen inhibits FSH release and therefore follicular development while the progesterone inhibits LH release and therefore ovulation and makes cervical mucus inhospitable for sperm. In this way, the combination renders the endometrium suitable for implantation.

Solution The correct answer is (A).

Question No. 10 of 10 Instructions: (1) Read the problem and answer choices carefully (2) Work the problems on paper as needed (3) Pick the answer (4) Go back to review the core concept tutorial as needed. 10. ______is used to treat estrogen dependant breast cancer.

(A) Estradiol (B) Gametogenesis Question #10 (C) Progesterone (D) Clomiphene (E) Tamoxifen

A. Incorrect! Estradiol is the most potent estrogen that is released at the beginning of the menstrual cycle and reaches its peak mid-cycle.

B. Incorrect! Gametogenesis is the production of germ cells.

C. Incorrect! Progesterone is a steroid hormone involved in the female menstrual cycle, Feedback on pregnancy and embryogenesis of humans. Each Answer

Choice

D. Incorrect! Clomiphene results in ovulation by inhibiting the negative feedback effects on the hypothalamus and the anterior pituitary.

E. Correct! Tamoxifen is used to treat estrogen dependant breast cancer.

Anti-estrogens compete with estrogens for the nuclear receptor. Tamoxifen is an anti-estrogen used to treat estrogen dependant breast cancer.

The correct answer is (E).

Solution