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1 Study and Research Notes 1 Study and Research 1 . The 1967 riot and later awarding of the term Royal to the HKP helped to take some of the edge off the negative image. Since then the HKP has made a name for itself as one of the most advance and professional services in the world with the attribution of Asia’s Finest. 2 . In historical and cultural terms, what Confucius observed as the struggle between jun zi (৯ᄤ) and xiao ren (ᇣҎ). Wang-Kuo Hwang, Foundations of Chinese Psychology: Confucian Social Relations (Springer 2011), p. 120. 3 . Commissioner Lee Ming-kui (2003–2007) was the first Chinese commis- sioner with an undergraduate degree. 4 . The author was a member of the steering group. 5 . The author was elected Vice Chair in 1998 and served until 2001. 6 . Hong Kong Society of Criminology, www.crime.hku.hk/hksoccrim.htm 7 . Hong Kong Society of Criminology, AGM Meeting. December 3, 2003, HKU (Minute dated March 9, 2004). 8 . The author was one of the lead tutors. 9 . Karen Fang. “Royal Hong Kong Police.” In Antoinette Burton, After the Imperial Turn: Thinking With and Through the Nation (Duke University Press, May 8, 2003), pp. 293–307, 200. 10 . Disciplinary Forces and Security Studies. In 2013, a number of disciplinary forces studies were being phased out. The Chinese University Of Hong Kong Senate First Meeting (2012–2013) (October 17, 2012) http://www.cuhk.edu.hk/ governance/senate/documents/20121017e.pdf. 11 . Bachelor of Social Sciences (Honours) in Criminology. http://www.cityu.edu. hk/ug/201415/Major/BSOCSC_CRIM-0.htm. 12 . Graduates include Ms Lau Chi Wai, Edwina, Deputy Regional Command, HKP, 2001; Mr To Chun Wai, Clarence; Mr Au Chi Kwong, Sonny, ACPs, HKP, MPA 2006. http://www.ppaweb.hku.hk/programmes/tpg/mpa. 13 . Numerous discussions with Andrew Willis, Deputy Director of Scarman Center, University of Leicester, major provider of criminal justice distance learning instructions for Hong Kong from 1998–1999. 14 . Kwan, Kim-fai, Adrian.䮰ࡡ䓱, “Cop culture: police socialization in Hong Kong.” Master of Social Science Thesis, Department of Sociology, HKU (1998). 15 . Albert Cheuk, “Community policing in Hong Kong: an institutional anal- ysis.” DBA dissertation, City University of Hong Kong (1999). 16 . The HKU Department of Extra-Mural Studies was established in 1956 to provide life long education for non-conventional and mature students. Lawrence M. W. Chiu, Peter Cunich, HKU SPACE and Its Alumni: The First Fifty Years (HKU, 2008), pp. 247–248. 17 . She started the Child Guidance Clinic in Hong Kong University, from 1954 to 1960. Cheng Ho-Tung, I., “Some Comments on Mental Health and Child Guidance,” Journal of Education , Vol. 12 (1): 42–43 (1954). 199 200 Notes 18 . “ Expert on problem children ,” The Straits Times, 29 December 1955, p. 4. 19 . “Impressions of Police Course in England,” HKP Magazine (HKPM), Vol. 1 (1): 5–9 (September, 1951). 20 . “Hong Kong Police Officers Win Baton of Honour.” HKPM , Vol. 2(3): 18 (September, 1952). 21 . “Knowledge Management Symposium.” May 20, 2005. Hong Kong. http:// www.psdas.gov.hk/content/doc/2004–2-22/Sym%20Handbook%20–2004– 2-22.pdf. 22 . IMAI, Hiroyuki, “Structural transformation and economic growth in Hong Kong: another look at Young’s ‘a tale of two cities’” (2000). CAPS Working Paper Series. Paper 25.http://commons.ln.edu.hk/capswp/2. 23 . Rymond Li, “Banking problems: Hong Kong’s experience in the 1980s,” pp. 130–143. In BIS Policy Paper No. 6 – August 1999: Bank restructuring in prac- tice (Bank for International Settlements Monetary and Economic Department Basel, Switzerland, 1999). 24 . Cai Murphy, “Hong Kong A Culture of Emigration,” The Atlantic , 1991 http:// www.theatlantic.com/past/docs/issues/91apr/emi491.htm. 25 . John Murray, “Convenient myths about higher education in policing,” Platypus Magazine , December 2000. Australia Federal Police (“I know you have been studying – is this job not good enough for you?”) http://www.afp. gov.au/media-centre/publications/platypus/previous-editions/2000/decem- ber-2000/educat.aspx. 26 . CP Mr. Tsang Wai-hung, Deputy Commissioner of Police MBA; DCP (Management), Mr Lo Wai-chung, Stephen, MA (Master Degree in Risk, Crisis & Disaster Management); DPC (Operations) Mr Wong Chi-hung, Tony, Canadian Police College, UK Police Staff College, Harvard Business School, Tsinghua University, and Chinese Academy of Governance; Director of Operations, Mr Lau Yip-shing, Alan, MA (Training and Human Resource Management); Director of Crime and Security, Mr Lo Mung-hung (No degree); Director of Personnel and Training, Mr Chau Kwok-leung, Alfred, MA (International and Public Affairs); Director of Management Services, Ms Chiu Wai-yin, Winnie, MBA, MS (Training and Human Resource Management), Diploma (Public Administration), and a Graduate Certificate in Police Management. HKP – Senior Officers, HKP Web (April 2, 2015), http://www. police.gov.hk/ppp_En/01_about_us/os_sofficers.html. 27 . Ms Lau Chi Wai, Edwina, Former Regional Commander, MPA, HKU, 2001; Mr Cheung Tak Keung, Jacob, Assistant Commissioner of Police (Operations Wing), MPA, HKU, 2005; Mr Au Chi Kwong, Sonny, Assistant Commissioner of Police (Security), MPA, HKU, 2006; Mr Lam Man Wing, Edwin, Assistant Commissioner of Police (Support), MPA, HKU, 2006; Mr To Chun Wai, Clarence, Former Assistant Commissioner of Police, MPA, HKU, 2006. 28 . Mike Brogden, “The Export Of Community Policing – Buyer Beware,” Proceeding Papers, Third AAPS Annual Conference (Hong Kong: AAPS, July 29, 2002), p. 20. 29 . It is now commonly accepted as a truism that economic conditions, social structure, family integrity, and school education has more to do with the cause and prevention of deviance than any police intervention methods. 30 . See Wong and Wong, “Law and Order in cyberspace: A case study of cyber- space governance and Internet regulation in PRC,” Proceeding Papers, Third Notes 201 AAPS Annual Conference (Hong Kong: AAPS, July 29, 2002). For an example of one such approach, see Kam C. Wong, “The Philosophy of Community Policing in China,” Police Quarterly, Vol. 4(2): 186–214 (2001) (“It finds that the Chinese philosophy on community policing differs substantially from that of the US”). 31 . Intellectual Hong Kong police studies have been developed outside the rubric and paradigm Hong Kong studies. Siu-Keung Cheung, “Hong Kong: Geopolitics and intellectual practice,” Inter-Asia Cultural Studies , Vol. 13(3) (2012). 32 . Kam C. Wong, Police Reform in China (CRC: Taylor and Francis, 2012), Chapter 2: “Obstacles in understanding Chinese policing.” 33 . Michael L. Birzer, “Writing Partnership between Police Practitioners and Researchers,” Police Practice and Research: An International Journal , Vol. 3(2): p. 157 (2002). 34 . This gem of scholarship is exemplified by the pioneer work of Michael Ng-Quinn, Bureaucratic Response to Political Change: Theoretical Use of Atypical Case of the Hong Kong Police (Hong Kong: Occasional Paper No. 2, Hong Kong Institute of Asia Pacific Studies, Chinese University of Hong Kong). More recently, Allan Y. Jiao, “Organizational Behaviors and Political Sensitivities: Policing Hong Kong After 1997” Public Administration and Policy, Vol. 11(1): 41–60 (2002). 35 . There is a continuing debate over the relative contribution to police scholar- ship between insider vs. outsider research (this dichotomy does not do justice to the many other possibilities, e.g., insider-outside, with police officers turned police researchers, or outsider-insider, with scholars turned police officers). The contributions and limitations of insiders to police research, particularly in the Hong Kong context, must be acknowledged. This is a forum issue for another day. In passing, while an insider brings with him/her original data, first hand experience, indigenous, and inside-out perspectives, he/she suffers from (charges of) a lack of objectivity resulting from institutional bias, from conflict of interest, and from a lack of vision. 36 . This gem of scholarship is exemplified by the pioneer work of Douglas Y.K. Tsui, “Problems of a Para-military Police Force in a Changing Society – A Case Study of the Royal Hong Kong Police Force (CUHK, 1979), and “The Promotion System in the Officer Cadre of the Royal Hong Kong Police” (HKU, 1982); more recently, Cheuk Chun-yin, “Community Policing in Hong Kong: An Institutional Analysis.” DBA Thesis. Hong Kong Polytechnic University (1999). 37 . This gem of scholarship is exemplified by the pioneer works of Kam C. Wong, “Beat Patrol Deployment in Hong Kong,” International Journal of Comparative & Applied Criminal Justice , Vol. 25 (2001); “One Officer Beat vs. Two-Officer Beat Patrol for the Hong Kong Police: An Exercise in Policy Analysis,” Journal of Criminology (Official publication of Chinese Society of Criminology, Taiwan, ROC) Vol.7: 127–170 (2001); Chapter “Policing Hong Kong Police,” Policing in Hong Kong (Aldershot, UK: Ashgate Publishing Ltd., 2012), pp. 51–89. 38 . “Trends in Community Policing and the Option to Innovate as well as Internalize new ideas in People’s Participation in building Safe Societies,” Asian Policing in the 21st Century (Proceedings) (Hong Kong: AAPS, 2002) 39 . “The Export of Community Policing – Buyer Beware” Asian Policing in the 21st Century (Proceedings) (Hong Kong: AAPS, 2002). 202 Notes 40 . ibid., p. 6. 41 . Mike Brogden, Preeti Nijhar, Community Policing (UK: Willan Publishing, 2013). 42 . “The Export of Community Policing – Buyer Beware.” Asian Policing in the 21st Century (Proceedings) (Hong Kong: AAPS, 2002). 43 . See similar observation in Kam C. Wong, “Crime Prevention in China: A Community Policing Approach,” Steven Lab & Dilip Das (eds) Crime Prevention: A Community Policing Approach (Prentice-Hall, 2001). 44 . A review of comparative criminal justice system texts, old and new, does not reveal any sophisticated comparative methodology. See Cole, George F., Stanislaw J. Frankowski, and Marc G. Gertz. Major Criminal Justice Systems: A Comparative Survey (Sage Focus Editions, No 32. Beverly Hills, CA.: Sage, 1981); Fairchild, E. Comparative Criminal Justice Systems (Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Publishing Company, 1993); Harry R.
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