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Reviewing and Evaluating the Direct Elections to the Legislative Council and the Transformation of Political Parties in Hong Kong, 1991-2016
Journal of US-China Public Administration, August 2016, Vol. 13, No. 8, 499-517 doi: 10.17265/1548-6591/2016.08.001 D DAVID PUBLISHING Reviewing and Evaluating the Direct Elections to the Legislative Council and the Transformation of Political Parties in Hong Kong, 1991-2016 Chung Fun Steven Hung The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong After direct elections were instituted in Hong Kong, politicization inevitably followed democratization. This paper intends to evaluate how political parties’ politics happened in Hong Kong’s recent history. The research was conducted through historical comparative analysis, with the context of Hong Kong during the sovereignty transition and the interim period of democratization being crucial. For the implementation of “one country, two systems”, political democratization was hindered and distinct political scenarios of Hong Kong’s transformation were made. The democratic forces had no alternative but to seek more radicalized politics, which caused a decisive fragmentation of the local political parties where the establishment camp was inevitable and the democratic blocs were split into many more small groups individually. It is harmful. It is not conducive to unity and for the common interests of the publics. This paper explores and evaluates the political history of Hong Kong and the ways in which the limited democratization hinders the progress of Hong Kong’s transformation. Keywords: election politics, historical comparative, ruling, democratization The democratizing element of the Hong Kong political system was bounded within the Legislative Council under the principle of the separation of powers of the three governing branches, Executive, Legislative, and Judicial. Popular elections for the Hong Kong legislature were introduced and implemented for 25 years (1991-2016) and there were eight terms of general elections for the Legislative Council. -
Official Record of Proceedings
HONG KONG LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL — 24 May 1995 3873 OFFICIAL RECORD OF PROCEEDINGS Wednesday, 24 May 1995 The Council met at half-past Two o’clock PRESENT THE PRESIDENT THE HONOURABLE SIR JOHN SWAINE, C.B.E., LL.D., Q.C., J.P. THE CHIEF SECRETARY THE HONOURABLE MR MICHAEL LEUNG MAN-KIN, C.B.E., J.P. THE FINANCIAL SECRETARY THE HONOURABLE SIR NATHANIEL WILLIAM HAMISH MACLEOD, K.B.E., J.P. THE ATTORNEY GENERAL THE HONOURABLE JEREMY FELL MATHEWS, C.M.G., J.P. THE HONOURABLE ALLEN LEE PENG-FEI, C.B.E., J.P. THE HONOURABLE MRS SELINA CHOW LIANG SHUK-YEE, O.B.E., J.P. THE HONOURABLE HUI YIN-FAT, O.B.E., J.P. THE HONOURABLE MARTIN LEE CHU-MING, Q.C., J.P. DR THE HONOURABLE DAVID LI KWOK-PO, O.B.E., LL.D., J.P. THE HONOURABLE NGAI SHIU-KIT, O.B.E., J.P. THE HONOURABLE PANG CHUN-HOI, M.B.E. THE HONOURABLE SZETO WAH THE HONOURABLE TAM YIU-CHUNG THE HONOURABLE ANDREW WONG WANG-FAT, O.B.E., J.P. THE HONOURABLE LAU WONG-FAT, O.B.E., J.P. THE HONOURABLE RONALD JOSEPH ARCULLI, O.B.E., J.P. THE HONOURABLE MARTIN GILBERT BARROW, O.B.E., J.P. THE HONOURABLE MRS MIRIAM LAU KIN-YEE, O.B.E., J.P. 3874 HONG KONG LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL — 24 May 1995 THE HONOURABLE LAU WAH-SUM, O.B.E., J.P. DR THE HONOURABLE LEONG CHE-HUNG, O.B.E., J.P. THE HONOURABLE JAMES DAVID McGREGOR, O.B.E., I.S.O., J.P. -
Hong Kong Watch * * * * * * * International Parliamentarians
Hong Kong Watch * * * * * * * International parliamentarians condemn today’s imprisonment of the ‘most moderate and distinguished’ pro-democracy activists Today, authorities in Hong Kong have sentenced nine prominent pro-democracy activists for taking part in a peaceful protest in August 2019, including the the ‘father of Hong Kong’s democracy’ Martin Lee, ‘the owner of Apple Daily Jimmy Lai, and international barrister Margaret Ng. The nine pro-democracy activists which span the generations have received jail sentences and suspended sentences, with Jimmy Lai receiving 12 months, Lee Cheuk-yan receiving 12 months, Leung Kwok-hung receiving 18 months, Au Nok-hin receiving 10 months, and Cyd Ho receiving 8 months in prison and Margaret Ng receiving 12 month suspended sentence, Martin Lee receiving 11 months suspended sentence, Albert Ho receiving 12 months suspended sentence, and Leung Yiu-chung receiving an 8 month suspended sentence for the charge of ‘unlawful assembly’. U.N. Special Rapporteurs for human rights have previously called for the Hong Kong Government to withdraw the Public Order Ordinance which allows authorities to criminalise peaceful protest describing it as an assault on freedom of expression and freedom of assembly. A group of international parliamentarians led by Hong Kong Watch’s patron and the last British governor of Hong Kong, Lord Patten, have responded to the sentencing of the prominent pro-democracy activists. Their comments follow calls from over 100 UK MPs for the sanctioning of Hong Kong officials. U.K. Lord Patten of Barnes said: “The CCP's comprehensive assault on the freedoms of Hong Kong and its rule of law continues relentlessly. -
立法會 Legislative Council
立法會 Legislative Council LC Paper No. CB(2)280/00-01 (These minutes have been seen by the Administration) Ref : CB2/BC/13/00 Legislative Council Bills Committee on Chief Executive Election Bill Minutes of the tenth meeting held on Thursday, 31 May 2001 at 8:30 am in the Chamber of the Legislative Council Building Members : Hon IP Kwok-him, JP (Chairman) Present Hon James TIEN Pei-chun, JP Hon David CHU Yu-lin Hon Martin LEE Chu-ming, SC, JP Hon NG Leung-sing Prof Hon NG Ching-fai Hon Margaret NG Hon CHEUNG Man-kwong Hon HUI Cheung-ching Dr Hon Philip WONG Yu-hong Hon Jasper TSANG Yok-sing, JP Hon Howard YOUNG, JP Dr Hon YEUNG Sum Hon Ambrose LAU Hon-chuen, JP Hon Emily LAU Wai-hing, JP Hon CHOY So-yuk Hon SZETO Wah Hon Timothy FOK Tsun-ting, SBS, JP Hon TAM Yiu-chung, GBS, JP Hon LEUNG Fu-wah, MH, JP Hon LAU Ping-cheung Hon Audrey EU Yuet-mee, SC, JP Members: Hon Andrew WONG Wang-fat, JP (Deputy Chairman) Absent Hon Cyd HO Sau-lan Ir Dr Hon Raymond HO Chung-tai, JP Hon Eric LI Ka-cheung, JP - 2 - Hon CHAN Yuen-han Hon Michael MAK Kwok-fung Hon Abraham SHEK Lai-him, JP Hon Tommy CHEUNG Yu-yan, JP Dr Hon LO Wing-lok Public Officers : Mr Michael M Y SUEN, GBS, JP Attending Secretary for Constitutional Affairs Mr Robin IP Deputy Secretary for Constitutional Affairs Ms Doris HO Principal Assistant Secretary for Constitutional Affairs Mr Bassanio SO Principal Assistant Secretary for Constitutional Affairs Mr James O'NEIL Deputy Solicitor General (Constitutional) Mr Gilbert MO Deputy Law Draftsman (Bilingual Drafting & Administration) Ms Phyllis KO Senior Assistant Law Draftsman Clerk in : Mrs Percy MA Attendance Chief Assistant Secretary (2)3 Staff in : Mr Stephen LAM Attendance Assistant Legal Adviser 4 Mr Paul WOO Senior Assistant Secretary (2)3 - 3 - Action Column I. -
OFFICIAL RECORD of PROCEEDINGS Friday, 15 July
LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL ─ 15 July 2011 14489 OFFICIAL RECORD OF PROCEEDINGS Friday, 15 July 2011 The Council continued to meet at Nine o'clock MEMBERS PRESENT: THE PRESIDENT THE HONOURABLE JASPER TSANG YOK-SING, G.B.S., J.P. THE HONOURABLE ALBERT HO CHUN-YAN IR DR THE HONOURABLE RAYMOND HO CHUNG-TAI, S.B.S., S.B.ST.J., J.P. THE HONOURABLE LEE CHEUK-YAN DR THE HONOURABLE DAVID LI KWOK-PO, G.B.M., G.B.S., J.P. THE HONOURABLE FRED LI WAH-MING, S.B.S., J.P. DR THE HONOURABLE MARGARET NG THE HONOURABLE JAMES TO KUN-SUN THE HONOURABLE CHEUNG MAN-KWONG THE HONOURABLE CHAN KAM-LAM, S.B.S., J.P. THE HONOURABLE MRS SOPHIE LEUNG LAU YAU-FUN, G.B.S., J.P. THE HONOURABLE LEUNG YIU-CHUNG DR THE HONOURABLE PHILIP WONG YU-HONG, G.B.S. 14490 LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL ─ 15 July 2011 THE HONOURABLE WONG YUNG-KAN, S.B.S., J.P. THE HONOURABLE LAU KONG-WAH, J.P. THE HONOURABLE LAU WONG-FAT, G.B.M., G.B.S., J.P. THE HONOURABLE MIRIAM LAU KIN-YEE, G.B.S., J.P. THE HONOURABLE EMILY LAU WAI-HING, J.P. THE HONOURABLE ANDREW CHENG KAR-FOO THE HONOURABLE TAM YIU-CHUNG, G.B.S., J.P. THE HONOURABLE LI FUNG-YING, S.B.S., J.P. THE HONOURABLE TOMMY CHEUNG YU-YAN, S.B.S., J.P. THE HONOURABLE FREDERICK FUNG KIN-KEE, S.B.S., J.P. THE HONOURABLE VINCENT FANG KANG, S.B.S., J.P. THE HONOURABLE WONG KWOK-HING, M.H. -
HONG KONG LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL-15 July 1987 2027
HONG KONG LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL-15 July 1987 2027 OFFICIAL REPORT OF PROCEEDINGS Wednesday, 15 July 1987 The Council met at half-past Two o’clock PRESENT HIS EXCELLENCY THE GOVERNOR (PRESIDENT) SIR DAVID CLIVE WILSON, K.C.M.G. THE HONOURABLE THE CHIEF SECRETARY MR. DAVID ROBERT FORD, L.V.O., O.B.E., J.P. THE HONOURABLE THE FINANCIAL SECRETARY (Acting) MR. JOHN FRANCIS YAXLEY, J.P. THE HONOURABLE THE ATTORNEY GENERAL MR. MICHAEL DAVID THOMAS, C.M.G., Q.C. THE HONOURABLE LYDIA DUNN, C.B.E., J.P. THE HONOURABLE CHEN SHOU-LUM, C.B.E., J.P. THE HONOURABLE PETER C. WONG, C.B.E., J.P. DR. THE HONOURABLE HO KAM-FAI, O.B.E., J.P. THE HONOURABLE ALLEN LEE PENG-FEI, O.B.E., J.P. THE HONOURABLE HU FA-KUANG, O.B.E., J.P. THE HONOURABLE WONG PO-YAN, C.B.E., J.P. THE HONOURABLE CHAN KAM-CHUEN, O.B.E., J.P. THE HONOURABLE STEPHEN CHEONG KAM-CHUEN, O.B.E., J.P. THE HONOURABLE CHEUNG YAN-LUNG, O.B.E., J.P. THE HONOURABLE MRS. SELINA CHOW LIANG SHUK-YEE, O.B.E., J.P. THE HONOURABLE MARIA TAM WAI-CHU, O.B.E., J.P. DR. THE HONOURABLE HENRIETTA IP MAN-HING, O.B.E., J.P. THE HONOURABLE CHAN YING-LUN, J.P. THE HONOURABLE MRS. RITA FAN HSU LAI-TAI, J.P. THE HONOURABLE MRS. PAULINE NG CHOW MAY-LIN, J.P. THE HONOURABLE PETER POON WING-CHEUNG, M.B.E., J.P. THE HONOURABLE YEUNG PO-KWAN, C.P.M., J.P. -
OFFICIAL RECORD of PROCEEDINGS Wednesday, 16
LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL ─ 16 October 2013 483 OFFICIAL RECORD OF PROCEEDINGS Wednesday, 16 October 2013 The Council met at Eleven o'clock MEMBERS PRESENT: THE PRESIDENT THE HONOURABLE JASPER TSANG YOK-SING, G.B.S., J.P. THE HONOURABLE ALBERT HO CHUN-YAN THE HONOURABLE LEE CHEUK-YAN THE HONOURABLE JAMES TO KUN-SUN THE HONOURABLE CHAN KAM-LAM, S.B.S., J.P. THE HONOURABLE LEUNG YIU-CHUNG THE HONOURABLE EMILY LAU WAI-HING, J.P. THE HONOURABLE TAM YIU-CHUNG, G.B.S., J.P. THE HONOURABLE ABRAHAM SHEK LAI-HIM, G.B.S., J.P. THE HONOURABLE TOMMY CHEUNG YU-YAN, S.B.S., J.P. THE HONOURABLE FREDERICK FUNG KIN-KEE, S.B.S., J.P. THE HONOURABLE VINCENT FANG KANG, S.B.S., J.P. THE HONOURABLE WONG KWOK-HING, B.B.S., M.H. 484 LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL ─ 16 October 2013 PROF THE HONOURABLE JOSEPH LEE KOK-LONG, S.B.S., J.P., Ph.D., R.N. THE HONOURABLE JEFFREY LAM KIN-FUNG, G.B.S., J.P. THE HONOURABLE ANDREW LEUNG KWAN-YUEN, G.B.S., J.P. THE HONOURABLE WONG TING-KWONG, S.B.S., J.P. THE HONOURABLE RONNY TONG KA-WAH, S.C. THE HONOURABLE CYD HO SAU-LAN THE HONOURABLE STARRY LEE WAI-KING, J.P. DR THE HONOURABLE LAM TAI-FAI, S.B.S., J.P. THE HONOURABLE CHAN HAK-KAN, J.P. THE HONOURABLE CHAN KIN-POR, B.B.S., J.P. DR THE HONOURABLE PRISCILLA LEUNG MEI-FUN, S.B.S., J.P. DR THE HONOURABLE LEUNG KA-LAU THE HONOURABLE CHEUNG KWOK-CHE THE HONOURABLE WONG KWOK-KIN, B.B.S. -
Replies to Initial Written Questions Raised by Finance Committee Members in Examining the Estimates of Expenditure 2005-06
Replies to initial written questions raised by Finance Committee Members in examining the Estimates of Expenditure 2005-06 Controlling Officer : Director of Administration/Director of Legal Aid Session No. : 8 File name : CSO-e1.doc Reply Question Name of Member Head Programme Serial No. Serial No. CSO001 0004 YEUNG Sum 142 Hong Kong Guangdong Cooperation Coordination Unit CSO002 0005 YEUNG Sum 142 CSO-Administration Wing CSO003 1159 YEUNG Sum 142 CSO – Administration Wing CSO004 0151 SIN Chung-kai 142 Efficiency Unit CSO005 0152 SIN Chung-kai 142 CSO – Administration Wing CSO006 0257 YOUNG Howard 142 Government Records Service CSO007 0258 YOUNG Howard 142 Subvention : Duty Lawyer Service, Legal Aid Services Council CSO008 0259 YOUNG Howard 142 - CSO009 0260 LEONG Kah-kit, Alan 142 CSO – Administration Wing CSO010 0261 LEUNG Kwan-yuen, 142 Hong Kong Guangdong Andrew Cooperation Coordination Unit CSO011 0262 LEUNG Kwan-yuen, 142 Hong Kong Guangdong Andrew Cooperation Coordination Unit CSO012 0263 KWONG Chi-kin 142 Efficiency Unit CSO013 0264 KWONG Chi-kin 142 Efficiency Unit CSO014 0305 LAM Kin-fung, Jeffrey 142 CSO-Administration Wing CSO015 0729 NG Margaret 142 Efficiency Unit CSO016 0730 NG Margaret 142 CSO – Administration Wing CSO017 1073 LEE Cheuk-yan 142 CSO – Administration Wing CSO018 1081 CHOW LIANG Shuk-yee, 142 CSO-Administration Wing Selina CSO019 1087 CHOW LIANG Shuk-yee, 142 CSO – Administration Wing Selina CSO020 1649 WONG Ting-kwong 142 Hong Kong Guangdong Cooperation Coordination Unit CSO021 1738 CHENG Kar-foo, Andrew -
Annual Report 2020
HANG SENG BANK LIMITED HANG SENG BANK ANNUAL REPORT 2020 REPORT ANNUAL 83 Des Voeux Road Central, Hong Kong www.hangseng.com Hang Seng is proud to be marking 88 years of growing and progressing with our customers and the Hong Kong community. Contents 2 Corporate Profile 88 Years, and 3 Ever-growing Supporting Customers Corporate Governance Analysis of and the Community Report 249 Shareholders 4 During the Pandemic 120 Biographical Details of 5 Results in Brief* Directors and 250 Subsidiaries 148 Senior Management Five-year Financial Report of Directors of 6 Summary 162 the Directors 251 Subsidiaries Corporate Chairman’s 2020 Financial Information and Statement* 169 Statements 252 8 Calendar Chief Executive’s Independent 12 Report* 242 Auditor’s Report Management * Where possible, percentages in this section have been rounded to the nearest percentage point to facilitate easy reading. Percentage-based indicators remain at 1 or 2 decimal places as appropriate. Discussion and 16 The abbreviations ’HK$m’ and ’HK$bn’ represent millions and billions of Hong Kong dollars Analysis respectively. 16 Our Brand Values 2020 Performance at a Glance Scan this QR Code with your smart phone or tablet to see a summary 26 Business Review* of our 2020 performance. Alternatively, visit https://www.hangseng.com/cms/fin/fld/statement/ annual-report-2020/index-eng.html 36 Financial Review* 48 Risk 115 Capital Management Corporate Profile Hang Seng Bank is celebrating its 88th anniversary this year. Founded in 1933, the Bank has continually innovated to provide best-in-class, customer-centric banking, investment and wealth management services for individuals and businesses. -
Dr CHAN Cho Chak John Citation
Doctor of Social Sciences honoris causa Dr CHAN Cho Chak John Citation John Chan has done for size what Barack Obama were merged to form the Hong Kong Institute has done for race. He is living proof that when of Education as part of the government's effort it comes to leadership, size doesn't matter. In to enhance the professionalism of the teaching America, the average CEO is at least three inches profession. Henceforth, all teachers, whether they taller than the average man in the street. In were teaching in primary or secondary schools, egalitarian Hong Kong, the only thing that matters must be degree-holders. Dr Chan was cognizant is the size of one's intellect. of the fact that the quality of teachers goes to the heart of any meaningful reform in education. Dr John Chan's formidable intellect ensures that he is an active participant in Hong Kong's But Dr John Chan's most lasting contribution transformation from a third-world backwater to Hong Kong came in a different capacity. In the into a world-class metropolis. Along the way, he mid-1980's, a critical and highly sensitive period has played a multitude of vital roles. His career in Hong Kong's history, he was innocently called shuttled back and forth between the civil service the Deputy Secretary in a government special unit and commerce. In his public servant incarnations, with the non-descript name of "General Duties". he was a City District Commissioner for Hong Kong In the thick of the Sino-British negotiations over Island, and Assistant Director of Home Affairs in the future sovereignty of Hong Kong from early the mid-1970's. -
A Different Brilliance—The D & B Story
1. Yes, Madam (1985): Michelle Yeoh 2. Love Unto Wastes (1986): (left) Elaine Jin; (right) Tony Leung Chiu-wai 3. An Autumn’s Tale (1987): (left) Chow Yun-fat; (right) Cherie Chung 4. Where’s Officer Tuba? (1986): Sammo Hung 5. Hong Kong 1941 (1984): (from left) Alex Man, Cecilia Yip, Chow Yun-fat 6. It’s a Mad, Mad, Mad World (1987): (front row from left) Loletta Lee, Elsie Chan, Pauline Kwan, Lydia Sum, Bill Tung; (back row) John Chiang 7. The Return of Pom Pom (1984): (left) John Sham; (right) Richard Ng 8. Heart to Hearts (1988): (from left) Dodo Cheng, George Lam, Vivian Chow Pic. 1-8 © 2010 Fortune Star Media Limited All Rights Reserved Contents 4 Foreword Kwok Ching-ling, Wong Ha-pak 〈Chapter I〉 Production • Cinema Circuits 10 D & B’s Development: From Production Company to Theatrical Distribution Po Fung Circuit 19 Retrospective on the Big Three: Dickson Poon and the Rise-and-Fall Story of the Wong Ha-pak D & B Cinema Circuit 29 An Unconventional Filmmaker—John Sham Eric Tsang Siu-wang 36 My Days at D & B Shu Kei In-Depth Portraits 46 John Sham Diversification Strategies of a Resolute Producer 54 Stephen Shin Targeting the Middle-Class Audience Demographic 61 Linda Kuk An Administrative Producer Who Embodies Both Strength and Gentleness 67 Norman Chan A Production Controller Who Changes the Game 73 Terence Chang Bringing Hong Kong Films to the International Stage 78 Otto Leong Cinema Circuit Management: Flexibility Is the Way to Go 〈Chapter II〉 Creative Minds 86 D & B: The Creative Trajectory of a Trailblazer Thomas Shin 92 From -
1 HONG KONG LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL -- 20 October 1988
1 HONG KONG LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL -- 20 October 1988 HONG KONG LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL -- 20 October 1988 1 OFFICIAL REPORT OF PROCEEDINGS Thursday, 20 October 1988 The Council met at half-past Two o'clock PRESENT HIS HONOUR THE DEPUTY TO THE GOVERNOR (PRESIDENT) THE HONOURABLE THE CHIEF SECRETARY SIR DAVID ROBERT FORD, K.B.E., L.V.O., J.P. THE HONOURABLE THE FINANCIAL SECRETARY MR. PIERS JACOBS, O.B.E., J.P. THE HONOURABLE THE ATTORNEY GENERAL MR. JEREMY FELL MATHEWS, J.P. THE HONOURABLE ALLEN LEE PENG-FEI, C.B.E., J.P. THE HONOURABLE STEPHEN CHEONG KAM-CHUEN, O.B.E., J.P. THE HONOURABLE CHEUNG YAN-LUNG, O.B.E., J.P. THE HONOURABLE MRS. SELINA CHOW LIANG SHUK-YEE, O.B.E., J.P. THE HONOURABLE MARIA TAM WAI-CHU, C.B.E., J.P. DR. THE HONOURABLE HENRIETTA IP MAN-HING, O.B.E., J.P. THE HONOURABLE CHAN YING-LUN, J.P. THE HONOURABLE MRS. RITA FAN HSU LAI-TAI, O.B.E., J.P. THE HONOURABLE CHENG HON-KWAN, J.P. THE HONOURABLE CHUNG PUI-LAM THE HONOURABLE HO SAI-CHU, M.B.E., J.P. THE HONOURABLE HUI YIN-FAT THE HONOURABLE MARTIN LEE CHU-MING, Q.C., J.P. THE HONOURABLE DAVID LI KWOK-PO, J.P. THE HONOURABLE NGAI SHIU-KIT, O.B.E., J.P. THE HONOURABLE PANG CHUN-HOI, M.B.E. THE HONOURABLE POON CHI-FAI PROF. THE HONOURABLE POON CHUNG-KWONG THE HONOURABLE SZETO WAH THE HONOURABLE TAI CHIN-WAH THE HONOURABLE MRS. ROSANNA TAM WONG YICK-MING THE HONOURABLE TAM YIU-CHUNG THE HONOURABLE ANDREW WONG WANG-FAT THE HONOURABLE LAU WONG-FAT, M.B.E., J.P.