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Acteurs De L'embarqué Rapport complet sur les acteurs de l’Embarqué 5 juin 2014 Etude sur l’évolution des métiers et des besoins en formation pour les Systèmes Embarqués Sommaire 1. Introduction 2. Entreprises et groupements 3. Organismes de recherche 4. Institutionnels 5. Promoteurs du secteur 6. Etablissements de formation (initiale et continue) Annexes (méthodologie, remerciements, bibliographie et glossaire) 1. Introduction aux Systèmes Embarqués Quelques éléments pour définir les Systèmes Embarqués et le périmètre de l’étude Schéma simplifié d’un Système Embarqué Historique . Fin des années 40 : premier processeur (Whirlwind au MIT) ENVIRONNEMENT . Années 70 : premier microprocesseur (Intel4004) et utilisation des microprocesseurs dans l’automobile . De 80 à aujourd’hui : avènement d’une industrie nouvelle, utilisant la puissance, la Capteur(s) miniaturisation et la robustesse des puces électroniques pour rendre intelligents, communicants et sûrs tous les objets de notre quotidien Capacité informatique de traitement Définition (microprocesseur, . Un Système Embarqué (SE) est un système informatisé, spécialisé et autonome, qui mémoire, logiciel…) constitue une partie intégrante d’un système plus large ou une machine. Il combine matériel et logiciel Modules auxiliaires . … en anglais embedded system, « embedded » signifiant « enfoui », ce qui traduit bien Alimentation, transmission, le côté « non visible » en tant que tel de l’équipement actionneur(s), système digital de visualisation utilisateur… Nombreuses variantes SYSTÈME EMBARQUÉ . Le SE peut incorporer des fonctions de traitement en temps réel, de communication… . Ils répondent à des enjeux de productivité, de fiabilité et de sécurité SYSTÈME PLUS LARGE 3 Etude sur l’évolution des métiers et des besoins en formation pour les Systèmes Embarqués 1. Introduction aux Systèmes Embarqués Les S.E. permettent d’améliorer les objets de notre quotidien et de répondre à de nouveaux besoins Electronique et micro-électronique Optimiser des objets existants en les rendant . Plus intelligents et in fine plus performants ou plus sûrs (autodiagnostic, auto- configuration) . Communicants et ainsi plus performants ou évolutifs (recueil d’information en temps réel, mises à jour logiciels possibles…) . Plus ergonomiques (modules de visualisation / d’interaction facilité : IHM, GUI…) Equipements dans l’énergie Répondre à de nouveaux besoins ou permettre des choses irréalisables jusqu’à lors . Exemple : observer des zones géographiques peu accessibles à l’homme ou dangereuses à l’aide de drones… Typologies de Systèmes Embarqués . Calcul générique dans un système mobile (jeu vidéo, PDA) . Commande (système de commande d’une centrale thermique, nucléaire…) Aéronautique, transport et spatial . Contrôle et alerte (système de navigation aérien) . Supervision (tableau de bord) . Traitement du signal (radar, sonar) . Transmission d’information (téléphone) 4 Etude sur l’évolution des métiers et des besoins en formation pour les Systèmes Embarqués 1. Introduction aux Systèmes Embarqués Deux projets illustrent l’apport des différents acteurs sur le développement des Systèmes Embarqués Projet PLUS Projet 0-Defect Positionnement Laser Uni Source Outil de Diagnostic Embarqué des Faisceaux Automobiles Pôles de compétitivité Route des lasers Pôles de compétitivité Aerospace Valley Systematic Porteur du Projet – Thales Avionics Porteur du Projet – CEA LIST (Laboratoire d'Intégration de Systèmes Entreprises partenaires – I2S, Novalase, Thales Avionics et des technologies) Laboratoire – IMS – Laboratoire de l’Intégration du Matériau au Entreprises partenaires – Delphi, PCA, Volvo Trucks, Freescale Système (Univ. Bordeaux 1) Laboratoire – CEA LIST, INRIA, LGEP Financement – FUI Financement – AnR Objectif Objectif Optimiser l’affichage d’informations dans le casque du pilote – avions Concevoir une méthode de diagnostic embarqué des câbles de de chasse et hélicoptères de combat transmission dans les véhicules automobiles Principaux Résultats Principaux Résultats . Affichage des informations « conformes » (qui se superposent aux . 5 publications de recherche éléments du paysage) grâce à un système de détection de posture . 4 brevets déposés . Production des nouvelles générations viseurs de casque Thales . Un système de diagnostic permettant de vérifier en temps réel l’état . Application dans d’autres secteurs d’activité : jeux multimédia, des câbles dans une voiture et interopérables avec les unités de médical, robotique, transports… commandes électroniques déjà en place . Création d’une start-up WiNMS pour la production et la commercialisation du système de diagnostic 5 Etude sur l’évolution des métiers et des besoins en formation pour les Systèmes Embarqués 1. Introduction aux Systèmes Embarqués L’analyse fonctionnelle d’un Systèmes Embarqué peut se décliner en fonctions principales et de contrainte FONCTIONS PRINCIPALES GÉNÉRIQUES FONCTIONS DE CONTRAINTE GÉNÉRIQUES 1. Fonctions de mesure 1. Fonctions d’intégration . Mesurer à l’aide d’un capteur une valeur . S’intégrer dans un sous-système (hard et soft) 2. Fonctions de stockage d’information 2. Fonctions de résistance . Stocker des valeurs de mesure . Résister aux agressions extérieures (thermiques, pression…) . Stocker des données . Résister aux conditions extrêmes d’utilisation 3. Fonctions d’automatisme 3. Fonctions de protection des utilisateurs . Actionner un équipement . Eviter de blesser l’utilisateur . Alerter l’utilisateur en cas de risque d’usage 4. Fonctions de sécurité . Actionner un équipement sous certaines conditions 4. Fonctions d’interfaces . Permettre l’interface avec les autres équipements du système 5. Fonctions de communication aux utilisateurs . Etre compatible avec les équipements hard et soft du système . Afficher une donnée agrégée . Alerter l’utilisateur au-delà d’un seuil calculé 5. Fonctions de respect des normes . Respecter les normes (techniques, environnementales…) 6. Fonctions de communication aux autres machines (M2M) . Etre compatibles avec les standards de communication M2M . Communiquer avec d’autres machines 6. Fonctions de sécurité système . Communiquer via internet et le cloud . Interdire l’accès aux données . Garantir l’interopérabilité avec d’autres systèmes . Garantir l’intégrité du système global 7. Fonctions de gestion d’énergie . Garantir l’intégrité du système embarqué . Gérer sa propre énergie … . Gérer l’énergie d’un équipement Permet in fine de caractériser le niveau d’exigences . Optimiser la consommation d’énergie « critiques » vs exigences de « qualité de service » … 6 Etude sur l’évolution des métiers et des besoins en formation pour les Systèmes Embarqués 1. Introduction aux Systèmes Embarqués La comparaison de trois Systèmes Embarqués illustre les diversités de fonction et de contraintes Système de Programmateur Cœur artificiel Exemples de fonctions / contraintes dimensionnantes mesure en vol autocuiseur . Fonctionnalités / services proposés : lesquelles ? Criticité . Performances attendues : niveau de robustesse, de qualité… . Criticité du dispositif pour le système plus large : faible à Importance du coût forte . Coût et délai acceptable de mise sur le marché Importance du poids . Evolutivité : O/N Evolutivité . Communicant : O/N . Temps réel : O/N Communicant . Programmable : O/N . Présence d’une IHM digitale : O/N Temps réel . Encombrement et poids : cm3 et g . Capacité mémoire : octet Programmable . Puissance de traitement : bit . OS propre : O/N IHM 7 Etude sur l’évolution des métiers et des besoins en formation pour les Systèmes Embarqués 1. Introduction aux Systèmes Embarqués La structuration du cycle de vie des Systèmes Embarqués selon la norme EN 16311 Norme EN 16311 Type d’acteurs Environnement à prendre Configuration / périmètre du SE Développement de produits industriels impliqués en compte 1.1 Définition des exigences Calculateurs, Machines et Système Embarqué Lancement 1.2 Etude de faisabilité outils de lignes de (virtuel, prototype…) 1.3 Définition du projet développement production 2.1 Etude de conception 2.2 Conception préliminaire Conception de Système déporté Système global opérant 2.3 Conception de base produit et de 2.4 Conception détaillée Système Embarqué • Spécificateur procédé Capacité • Ingénieurs, informaticien, o Environnement de développement 2.5 Conception, vérification et validation informatique Capacité 2.6 Synthèse documentaire PUCE • Designer… o Outil industriel informatique • Manager de projet o Normes 3.1 Fabrication des outils ou de • Opérateurs industriels o Standards hard et soft Capteurs Modules l’équipement Interfaces • … 3.2 Mise en service des installations auxiliaires Mise en œuvre 3.3 Mise en œuvre du procédé de fabrication Interfaces Autres sous-systèmes 3.4 Essai et validation 3.5 Démarrage de la production o Environnement direct du SE o Utilisateurs • Utilisateur experts o Contraintes physiques Système Embarqué • Utilisateurs particuliers 4.1 Soutien technique Equipements Connectivité, o Systèmes informatiques environnants (configuration de • Opérateurs Exploitation 4.2 Evolution du produit de maintenance accessibilité o Systèmes physiques 4.3 Entretien et réparations maintenance) • Logisticien o Normes / contraintes de sécurité • Formateur o Opérateurs de maintenance • … o Equipements spécifiques o Continuité de service…… 5.1 Déclassement o Normes / contraintes de sécurité 5.2 Démontage • Utilisateurs / propriétaire o Equipements spécifiques 5.3 Elimination Equipements Equipements Système Embarqué • Equipe de démontage o Contraintes physiques • Equipe de dépollution
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