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Proto-Micronesian Reconstructions—2

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Proto-Micronesian Reconstructions—2 Proto-Micronesian Reconstructions—2 Byron W. Bender, Ward H. Goodenough, Frederick H. Jackson, Jeffrey C. Marck, Kenneth L. Rehg, Ho-min Sohn, Stephen Trussel, and Judith W. Wang university of hawai‘i and university of pennsylvania Part 1 (in volume 42 [1]) presents some 980 reconstructions for Proto-Micronesian, Proto–Central Micronesian, and Proto–Western Micronesian. Part 2 in this issue gives reconstructions for two additional subgroups within Proto-Micronesian: Proto- Pohnpeic (PPon) and Proto-Chuukic PCk), and for the larger group that they com- prise, Proto–Pohnpeic-Chuukic (PPC). A few putative loans are also identi²ed, and a finder list for all reconstructions is provided. PROTO–POHNPEIC-CHUUKIC (PPC) PPC *adoola ‘variety of sweet-husked coconut palm’: Chk atoon, ótoon; Pul yótool, yótoolá-(n); Crl atool; Wol atoole; PCk *adoola; Pon adool. Cf. Yap waqthoel, waqtoel, waq- tool ‘a type of tree’. PPC *-ali ‘strand, thin piece (counting classifier)’: Pul yaal ‘necklace, belt’, -el, -ál ‘s. or string (in counting)’; Crl áál, áli-(l) ‘s. of head hair, s. of’, -yál ‘long thin object such as string, hair (in counting)’; Wol yaali, yan-(ni)- ‘hair, thread, thin object, h. of’, -yali, -yeli ‘thin piece, sheet, or leaf (in counting)’; PuA yaani, yani- ‘s. of hair’, -yani ‘thin piece (in counting)’; PCk *yaali, yali-; Pon -„l ‘garland (in counting)’. PPC *aúrú ‘south’: Chk éér, éérú-(n) ‘s., in the s., s. of’, (notowa)-ar ‘southwest’, (éétiwé)- ér ‘southeast’, éwúr ‘spirit world in the s. or southern sky (source of bountiful fruit and ²sh)’; Mrt yéér; Pul éér, éérú-n ‘to be the southwind, be at the s., southwind, s. of’, (lotow) yéér ‘be west southwest’, (yéétiw) yééR ‘be east southeast’; Crl éér; Stw yéér; Wol (i)-yaúrú ‘s.’, yaúrú-(lape) ‘s.’, (letowa)-are ‘west southwest’, (gootuwa)-are ‘east southeast’; PuA (katúwa)- ala ‘southeast’; PCk *yaúrú, -ar[úa]; Pon (pali)-eyr; Png (pali)-„yr, (pali)-eyr. Ksr „ir, glossed as ‘north’ in dictionary, is a probable loan (see PMc *afa¥i ‘north’). Marck (1994:323) recon- structs PMc *auru, including the Ksr forms whose r is unexpected. PPC *awa1 ‘mouth’: Chk aaw, awa-(n), awe-(n) ‘m., his m., m. of’; Mrt awa-(n); Pul yaawo (sic), yewá-(y) ‘m., my m.’; Crl aaw, awa-(l); Stw yaaw, yewa-(n); Wol yaawe, yewa- (le); PuA yaawa, yawa-; PCk *aawa, awa-; Pon aaw, „w„; Mok aw, ¡w¡; Png aw, „w„. Cf. Ksr oali-(k) ‘my m.’; Saa wawa ‘m.’; Bug aa ‘open m.’ PPC *awa2 ‘banyan tree (Ficus carolinensis)’: Chk aaw; Crl aaw, ghili-aw ‘b. t. (F. virens)’; Stw aaw; Wol (gili)-yawe ‘a t. (F. prolixa)’; PCk *awa; Pon (ay)-aw; Mok aw. Cf. PEO *qayaoa (Geraghty 1983) (Fij yayawa, yacawa ‘kind of b. t.’); Yap qaaw ‘type of b. t.’ This may well be a loan from Yap. Cf. PCk *kawannú. PPC *ayita ‘Parinarium tree’: Chk ayis, eyis; Pul yááyih (sic); Wol yaise ‘a tree with fra- grant fruit’; PCk *ayita; Pon ays; Mok ayj ‘tree sp’. PPC *caú-ni-lúkú, lúkú ‘bird’s nest fern’: Chk nnúk, nnúkú-(n) ‘b. n. f., f. of’; Mrt llék; Oceanic Linguistics, Volume 42, no. 2 (December 2003) © by University of Hawai‘i Press. All rights reserved. 272 oceanic linguistics, vol. 42, no. 2 Pul and Stw Réé-l-lúk; Crl shéé-l-lúgh; Crn Reyú-l-lug; Wol shéé-n-núgú; PCk *caú-ni- lúkú, lúkú; Pon t„„-n-lik. Cf. Ksr (m™)-liklik ‘a kind of plant’. PPC *cee, ceecee ‘move quickly’: Chk che, chche ‘be in motion’, cheeche ‘be in continuing motion, be moving fast’, chee-(nó) ‘run off, hurry’, che-(kkáy) ‘hurry’; Wol chchee ‘to escape, flee’; PCk *cee; Pon t„„t„„-(n likamwada) ‘expression used when another attempts to cover up embarrassment (likamwada)’. Cf. PMc *cece, cecece ‘shake, tremble’, PCk *cééú ‘continu- ously widespread’, PCk *caka-i-, ccaka-i- ‘chase, pursue’. PPC *cepe, cepe-ki ‘kick’: Chk chchep ‘kicking with the feet, be kicked’, chepe-ti ‘k. it’; Pul Repe-ti-(y), Ripe-ti-y ‘k. it’; Crl shep, shepe-ti; Crn Rip, Ripi-ti; Wol shepe ‘k. with the feet’, shepe-gi-(i) ‘k. it’; PuA sepesepe ‘k.’, sepe-ki ‘k. it’; PCk *cepe, cepe-(kt)i-; Pon t„p, t„p„-k. PPC *ci[ae] ‘companion’: Chk chiyechi ‘c., friend, be companions’, chiye-na-(n) ‘his c., chiye-ne-(ni) ‘acquire as a c.’; Pul Riye-ná- ‘c.’; Wol shiye-la- ‘c.’, shiye-li-(i) ‘accompany him’; PCk *ci[ae], ci[ae]-na, ci[ae]-ni; Pon ti„-(k„p„) ‘child of a chief (honori²c) (“thigh c.”)’. PPC ? *[cd]iki ‘fragrant’: PuA tikitiki ‘fragrance, f.’; Pon pwoo-tik ‘f’. PPC *cip[ae] ‘comforted, consoled’: Chk chip, chipe-(nó); Pul Rip ‘be c., consoled’, Ripe-e-(y) ‘c. him/her’; Crl (á)-shipaship, (á)-shipashipa. shipe-e-(y) ‘act in an appeasing man- ner, appease or bribe (s.o.), comfort or console (s.o.); Crn Ripe-e-(y) ‘comfort or console (s.o.)’; Wol shipe ‘to recover from crying or anger’, (ga)-shipe-(e) ‘comfort him/her’, (ga)-shipeshipe ‘comfort, console’; PuA ? sipe, sipesipe ‘to beg, pray’; PCk *cip[ae]; Pon tip ‘to be full after eating (honori²c)’. Cf. Kir riba-na ‘to till, cultivate (s.t.)’. PPC *coko, li-coko ‘to cluck, clucking bird’: Chk (ó)-chokochok ‘c. or call to chicks (by mother hen)’, ni-chchok, -chchoke-(n), -chchoku-(n) ‘a small land bird (probably bush warbler)’; Pul (ó)-coccok ‘c.’, li-ccok, -ccoko-(n) ‘a small bird (probably bush warbler)’; Crl (li) -tchogh ‘sp. of bird’; Crn (li)-tchog ‘sp. of bird’; Wol li-chchogi ‘a kind of bird’; PCk *ccoko, cokocoko, li- ccoko; Pon li-tok ‘hen’. Note that Mrs tékwékwkwékw ‘clucking of a hen’ has an initial t instead of expected d and is, therefore, an apparent loan from Pon or Chk. Cf. Mok li-sok ‘sp. of ²sh’. PPC *-de ‘negative imperative aspect marker, lest (purposeful future negative)’: Chk -te; Mrt -te; Pul -te; Crl -te; Wol -te ‘should not, won’t, may not, ought not’; PCk *-de; Pon d„ ‘lest’. PPC *dera-úna ‘²sh scales, be scaled’: Chk téré-wún, téré-wuna-(n) ‘s. (of ²sh), its s.’; Pul teraa-wúna (sic) ‘to scale (a ²sh), pluck (feathers)’, tera-wúna (sic) ‘a ²sh that has been s., plucked bird’; Crl tera-yili, tera-yúli ‘to scale (a ²sh)’; Wol tera-úle ‘to scale ²sh, be s.’, tera- úla-(a) ‘to scale it’; PCk *d(ea)ra-úna; Pon (k„)-d„r-win ‘to scale, pluck’, (k„)-d„r-wina ‘to scale or pluck (s.t.)’. Cf. Mrs kar-win ‘to scale ²sh, be scaled’. See PMc *una, unauna, una-² ‘hair, feathers, scales, remove (hair or scales)’. PPC *die ‘squeezed, pushed together’: Chk ti ‘be crowded, p. together’, tiiti ‘shove, push, shoving’; Wol tiye ‘be s., p., packed, jammed’; PCk *die; Pon di„ ‘to poke (s.t.), push or pull (s.t.) with a stick or the feet’. Cf. PPC *didi, di- ‘fence, wall’. Cf. PMc *[sS]ixi, [sS]ixi-¥i- ‘push, shove’. PPC *didi, di- ‘fence, wall’: Chk ttiit, titti-(n) ‘f., w., house partition, hegde, pen, f. of’, tti-i- (y), titti-i-(y) ‘f. or enclose (s.t.)’, (e)-ti-(ip), (e)-ti-(ppa-n) ‘w., partition of a house, room, his r.’; Pul titti-(n) ‘barrier, enclosure, w. of’, ti-i-(y) ‘build (a barrier, enclosure, wall), shut, close’; Crl tti ‘shut, close, secure (s.t.)’, ttii-(ló) ‘close, shut’, ti-i-(y) ‘to close, shut (s.t.)’, ttit ‘be closed, shut’; Wol tti ‘be closed, enclosed, shut’, tti-i-(ye) ‘close it, shut it’, tti-(paape) ‘w. board of a house’, tiiti (sic) ‘partition, house w.’; PuA titi (sic) ‘w., beam dividing floor of house into sec- tions’; PCk *di-, ddi, diddi, didi, di-i-, ddi-i-; Pon diid ‘w. of a building’, did ‘build a w.’, didi-i ‘build (a w.)’; Mok did ‘w., to make a w.’ Cf. PEO *[sz]i[sz]i, [sz]idi, [sz]in[sz]i (Bug hidi ‘wall, stone wall’) and cf. Saa tete ‘stone fence’. Cf. also Mrs kiyi- ‘side of a house’. Kir (te)-riri ‘grass skirt’ is a loan from a Pn source (cf. Fij lili). PPC *diwa-ike ‘ninety’: Chk ttiwe ‘n.’, (e)-ttiwe-e-(n) ‘ninetieth’; Pul ttiwe; Crl tiwe-igh; Wol tiwe-ige; PuA tio-iki; PCk *diwa-ike; Pon duw„-„k. See PMc *Siwa ‘nine’. PPC *dowu ‘stab, pierce, be stabbed, pierced’: Chk ttu ‘be sewn, stitched (of thatch), be thrown, hurled, jabbed, stabbed (of spears only)’; ttuu-(w) ‘sew, stitch (thatch), s., jab, hurl (a spear)’; Mrt ttowu ‘to s. (s.o.)’; Pul tto, ttow ‘to s., p., spear, vaccinate, inject’, ttow-(pú¥) (sic) ‘to s., to spear’; Crl ttow ‘to spear s.t., s. s.t., give one an injection’, toutow ‘to spear repeatedly, proto-micronesian reconstructions—2 273 engage in spearing, be thorny, thorns’; Stw towutow ‘to s.’; Wol toutou ‘to spear, innoculate, s., p.’, tou-u-(we), ttou-u-(we) ‘to spear it, s. it, p. it’, ttou ‘pick with fork, s.’; PuA tou ‘spear it, poke it, inject it’, toutou ‘to spear, poke, inject’; PCk *dowu; Pon dow-(y-ak) ‘a type of spear²shing done in mangrove swamp’. Cf. Fiji sovu, sovu-ta ‘break a hole in thin things’). Cf. also Saa susu ‘to prick, p., impale, sew’; Kwa susu ‘jab, inject, injection’; Aro susu, susu-’i ‘to prick, p., impale; Lak susu ‘to push into’; PKb *sudu ‘to push forward’; UAn *susuk ‘p.’ See also PMc *[sS]owu, [sS]owu-ti- ‘to dig’.
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