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No Círculo Do Uroboro University of Massachusetts Amherst ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst Open Access Dissertations 9-2012 No Círculo do Uroboro: Articulações Identitárias na Narrativa de Milton Hatoum Cecilia Paiva Rodrigues University of Massachusetts Amherst, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umass.edu/open_access_dissertations Part of the Spanish Linguistics Commons Recommended Citation Rodrigues, Cecilia Paiva, "No Círculo do Uroboro: Articulações Identitárias na Narrativa de Milton Hatoum" (2012). Open Access Dissertations. 662. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/open_access_dissertations/662 This Open Access Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. It has been accepted for inclusion in Open Access Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. For more information, please contact [email protected]. NO CÍRCULO DO UROBORO: ARTICULAÇÕES IDENTITÁRIAS NA NARRATIVA DE MILTON HATOUM A Dissertation Presented by CECÍLIA PAIVA XIMENES RODRIGUES Submitted to the Graduate School of the University of Massachusetts Amherst in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY September 2012 Lusophone Literatures and Cultures © Copyright by Cecília Paiva Ximenes Rodrigues 2012 All Rights Reserved NO CÍRCULO DO UROBORO: ARTICULAÇÕES IDENTITÁRIAS NA NARRATIVA DE MILTON HATOUM A Dissertation Presented by CECÍLIA PAIVA XIMENES RODRIGUES Approved as to style and content by: _______________________________________ Daphne Patai, Chair _______________________________________ José Ornelas, Member _______________________________________ Márgara Russotto, Member _______________________________________ Joel Wolfe, Member __________________________________________ Michael Papio, Unit Director Spanish and Portuguese Unit Department of Languages, Literatures and Cultures __________________________________________ William Moebius, Department Chair Department of Languages, Literatures and Cultures DEDICATÓRIA Aos meus pais, Clotildes e Francisco José, pelo amor e apoio incondicionais. EPÍGRAFES “A corrida em círculos” As Aparências (1959) Ana Hatherly I O círculo é a forma eleita: É ovo, é zero, É ciclo, é ciência. Nele se inclui todo o mistério E toda a sapiência. É o que está feito, Perfeito e determinado, É o que principia No que está acabado. II A viagem que o meu ser empreende Começa em mim, E fora de mim, Ainda a mim se prende. A senda mais perigosa Em nós se consumando, Passamos a existência Mil círculos concêntricos Desenhando. III Se o círculo como meta A nenhum ponto leva, Ninguém distinguirá o vencedor De entre os vencidos. E assim ficam os prémios todos Recebidos, Ou só invalidados? “Traduzir-se” Na vertigem do dia (1980) Ferreira Gullar Uma parte de mim é todo mundo: outra parte é ninguém: fundo sem fundo. uma parte de mim é multidão: outra parte estranheza e solidão. Uma parte de mim pesa, pondera: outra parte delira. Uma parte de mim é permanente: outra parte se sabe de repente. Uma parte de mim é só vertigem: outra parte, linguagem. Traduzir-se uma parte na outra parte - que é uma questão de vida ou morte - será arte? AGRADECIMENTOS Gostaria de agradecer a todos os familiares e amigos que sempre me transmitiram força e energia positiva durante os anos de pós-graduação. Também gostaria de reconhecer o apoio e a presteza dos membros do meu comitê. Desejo expressar minha especial gratidão ao Professor José Ornelas pelo incentivo constante e pelo tratamento sempre tão compreensivo e humano ao longo de todos esses anos. Reconheço, ainda, minha eterna dívida para com minha orientadora, Daphne Patai, que acreditou no meu potencial e sempre me desafiou a expandir meus horizontes intelectuais. Sua orientação firme e generosa de sábia conselheira foi decisiva para a realização desse projeto. Por fim, devo um agradecimento carinhoso ao Frans Weiser, ouvinte nos momentos difíceis e crítico nos instantes precisos. Meu muito obrigada! vii ABSTRACT NO CÍRCULO DO UROBORO: ARTICULAÇÕES IDENTITÁRIAS NA NARRATIVA DE MILTON HATOUM SEPTEMBER 2012 CECÍLIA PAIVA XIMENES RODRIGUES, B.A. UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO CEARÁ M.A., UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS AMHERST Ph.D., UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS AMHERST Directed by: Professor Daphne Patai This dissertation examines the four novels published to date by Milton Hatoum, a contemporary Lebanese-Brazilian author from the Amazon region. There are a great number of critical readings of his work that foreground the postmodern dissolution and fragmentation of the self, of human relationships, and also of national identity. In contrast to such approaches, I propose what I call a reading of hope. I argue that Hatoum is at the forefront of a shift in sensibility in Brazilian literature, one that simultaneously demonstrates certain aspects of postmodernism, but also breaks with other elements of it. In order to illustrate this issue, I analyze how Hatoum’s characters forge personal identities, utilizing the mythological symbol of the uroboro (the snake that bites its own tail) as the organizing structure of my analysis. The uroboro has historically been used to represent circularity in the cycles of nature, communal and personal renewal, the return to origins, and self-reflection. In addition to circularity, the symbol has also been visually depicted as half black and half white, creating a duality that stresses interdependence rather than binary logic. With the above characteristics of circularity and duality in mind, the postmodern aspect that I analyze in Hatoum’s work is its break with binary logic. First, I identify a variety of dualities extant in the novels, from language and silence to myth and reality, that instead of canceling each other out complement one another and emphasize identity’s inherent ambiguity. Next, I analyze the rupture with postmodernism, which comes with Hatoum’s characters’ perpetual search for a more meaningful relationship with others, the environment, and themselves. As a consequence, the postmodern rootless and unstable characters give way to individuals that express more humane concerns (the recovery of the past as a value, self-reflection, and the search for familial bonds as well as for a connection with beauty and aesthetic pleasure through the arts). The symbol of the uroboro thus provides a graphic means of metaphorically representing not only the characters’ identity as ambiguous and self-reflective, but also Hatoum’s novels as simultaneously working within and breaking with postmodernism. viii SUMÁRIO Página AGRADECIMENTOS ..................................................................................................... vii ABSTRACT ..................................................................................................................... viii CAPÍTULO 1. INTRODUÇÃO .......................................................................................................1 1.1 Apresentação do tema ........................................................................................1 1.2 Uroboro ..............................................................................................................8 1.3 Considerações teóricas .....................................................................................17 1.3.1 Pós-modernismo ...............................................................................18 1.3.2 Identidade ..........................................................................................24 1.3.3 Pós-modernismo e o caso brasileiro .................................................34 1.3.4 Milton Hatoum e o pós-modernismo ................................................55 2. "A VIAGEM QUE MEU SER EMPREENDE COMEÇA EM MIM" .................71 2.1 Introdução a Relato de um certo Oriente .........................................................71 2.2 O silêncio que se insinua..................................................................................75 2.3 Os matizes da imagem .....................................................................................98 2.4 Diálogo com o espaço e o tempo da infância ................................................116 2.5 A moldura urobórica ......................................................................................134 3. "NINGUÉM DISTINGUIRÁ O VENCEDOR DE ENTRE OS VENCIDOS" ..143 3.1 Introdução a Dois irmãos ...............................................................................143 3.2 A experiência possível ..................................................................................156 3.3 A nação prenhe de ambiguidades ..................................................................180 3.4 Duas faces da mesma moeda .........................................................................195 4. "A SENDA MAIS PERIGOSA EM NÓS SE CONSUMANDO" ......................217 4.1 Introdução a Cinzas do Norte ........................................................................217 4.2 Sequências de vida e arte ...............................................................................228 4.3 Nuanças ecfrásticas ........................................................................................242 4.4 O que me queima por dentro ..........................................................................252 5. "MIL CÍRCULOS CONCÊNTRICOS DESENHANDO" ..................................277 5.1 Introdução a Órfãos do Eldorado ..................................................................277 ix 5.2 Eldorado: os (des) caminhos do mito.............................................................285
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