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Ð²ØºÔ ÂÊàô²Ìøܺð ºô ÊØàðºÔ¾Üܺð ²ðØ Ð²ò öºîðàô²ð 2016 CANADIAN ARMENIANS IJ. î²ðÆ, ÂÆô 124 19 THE ARMENIAN GENOCIDE CENTENNIAL COMMITTEE OF CANADA (ONTARIO) PHASE- II REPORT, JUNE 1 – DECEMBER 31, 2015

The Armenian Genocide Centennial Genocide (1915-1923). Dr. Hrant Markarian Association and Armen Karo Students did an Committee of Canada (TAGCCC) reported on was the main presenter of his English excellent job along with the Centennial Book its planned Phase I activities and events in translations of some of the works of the Committee, who displayed all the books the TorontoHye and other Canadian Armenian martyred poets and writers, whose lives were published on the subject of Genocide. publications back in June 2015. Those projects not spared. Poetries and passages were read 5. FORGET ME NOT CONCERT: and events covered functions from January by Dr. Markarian, biographer and writer Keith Memories were stirred on November 7th, 2015 to May 2015. This report on Phase II functions Gharibian, and writer and poet Dr. Alan at the Toronto Centre for the Performing Arts- and events will complete the TAGCCC’s Whitehorn, professor of political science at George Weston Recital Hall to a capacity achievements over the 2015 Centennial Year. the Royal Military College of Canada. That it crowd with a musical tribute to our thousands There are still a number of events scheduled was standing only room at the Arta Gallery of Artists, musicians and composers who were to take place in the first quarter of 2016 as was a testament that the Armenian annihilated during the Armenian Genocide part of the original agenda which were delayed communities in general and the Toronto (1915-1923). This musical tribute to the due to timing issues. Armenian community in particular, have strong enduring spirit of the Armenian Nation As stated in previous reports, we have bonds with their cultural heritage. presented the musical talent of post genocide accommodated all of the Centennial Functions; 3. CANADA “WE THANK YOU” Armenian composers, the so called “survivor those which were planned and implemented EXHIBIT: On October 22nd, 2015 there was generation”. Internationally acclaimed soprano by the Centennial Committee through its an exhibit opening at the Rotunda of the City Hasmik Papian and star violinist Nune’ Melikian dedicated sub-committees on one hand, and of Toronto city hall dedicated to Canada’s performed with Canada’s premier Chamber those functions and events which were initiated humanitarian contributions during the years Orchestra Sinfonia Toronto, under the direction and executed by various community of the Armenian genocide and after. of Maestro Nurhan Arman. organizations and sponsored by the Genocide Sponsored by the Centennial Committee of The wonderful programme featured music Centennial Committee on the other hand. All Canada and Councillor Raymond Cho, this by Aram Khachaturian, Alexander Arutiunian, which killed healthy trees, “With this dedication of these functions and events complemented week long exhibit told the story of the Canadian Edvard Mirzoyan, Dikran Mansurian and we are giving a new life to the park to make each other in a wide spectrum of activities, people, churches and families who played a Vatche Sharafyan. The concert sub- it an enjoyable space again for the residents revealing the strength of the Ontario Armenian committee, which was headed by Lena of the City of Markham.” community and its affiliated organizations. Ouzounian and with support from the Along with the Mayor there were seven centennial Cultural Committee, did an excellent City of Markham and Region of York councillors CENTENNIAL COMMITTEE task in putting the programme together with present at the dedication ceremony, which ORGANIZED EVENTS: the Maestro, and worked tirelessly to ensure was concluded by a soil turning event. 1. TORONTO COMMUNITY TREE the wide distribution of concert tickets. Construction and the planting of the trees will PLANTING: Members of the Toronto Armenian 6. MARKHAM MEMORIAL FOREST: be done in the Spring, when the planting Community participated in this tree planting On December 19th, 2015 on a very cold season arrives. project initiated by City of Toronto Councillor Saturday morning, a crowd of about 70 7. UPCOMING EVENT: BOOK Jim Karygiannis. representatives of the Armenian Organizations PRESENTATION There is a new resource This was a cooperative effort with of southern Ontario and the GTA were on publication sponsored by the Armenian participation from Greek and other hand to witness the dedication ceremony for Genocide Centennial Committee of Canada, communities, to plant trees in memory of all the Genocide Memorial Forest at the Ashton researched by Aram Adjemian, titled “THE Genocides that took place during the 20th Meadows Public Park in the City of Markham. CALL FROM ARMENIA-Canada’s Response century. About 50 of the Armenian community The ceremony started at 11:00 am with an to the Armenian Genocide” , it contained members and youth took part in this dedication introduction by Mark Atikian, who spearheaded archival material from the years prior to the event on September 12th, 2015 from 10:00 this project starting two years ago along with Armenian Genocide, through the Genocide am to 2:00 pm. The event began with prayers a small public affairs committee for the years (1915-1923) and subsequent years of by our priests, Father Stepanos Pashayan, realization of the project on the Centenary of accepting the “Georgetown Boys” and their and Archpriest Gomidas Panosian, the Armenian Genocide. There was a short settlement in Canada. The book will be subsequently archpriest Father Zareh presentation of the centennial events across presented by Aram Adjemian and Mher Zargarian Joined the Group. About 150 trees Canada, coast to coast by Shahen Mirakian, Karakashian, Chairman of the Armenian were planted by the Armenian Community Chairman of the Armenian National Committee Genocide Centennial Committee, who will group, dedicated to the victims of the Armenian part in fundraising and sponsoring the of Canada (ANCC). Mr. Svazlian, the newly give a brief background on the topic. Genocide on this Centennial Year. Georgetown Boys orphans of the genocide. appointed Honorary Consul of the Republic There are still minor Centennial activities 2. ART & MEMORY ART EXHIBIT: This The posters and exhibits were prepared by of Armenia, Read the Armenian Ambassador, in 2016 which spilled over from the 2015 project was in planning for over a year. The the Sara Corning Institute for Genocide His Excellency Armen Yeganian’s thank you planned projects and events, but the committee subcommittee headed by Mr. Vatche Iskedjian Education. The opening ceremony was held will conclude its activities with a moral and and the team came up with the idea of at 6:00 pm on October 22nd, where Raffi financial report to our Southern Ontario remembering thousands of Armenian artists Sarkissian, Dr. Alen Whitehorn and Keith Communities, who have participated and who created their art in the Ottoman Empire Gharibian addressed the attendees. encouraged diligently all of our functions. The and who perished during the Genocide years, 4. ACADEMIC CONFERENCE AT Centennial Committee and all of the associated 1915-1923. Canadian painters, sculptors and RYERSON UNIVERSITY: October 23rd, 2015 sub-committees have been a group of photographers were asked to create new art Conference on the cultural loss and the dedicated members who worked in unison works dedicated to the subject of Genocide psychological effects on genocide survivors and dedicated their time to properly remember in memory of their massacred colleagues. and future Armenian generations. The our Genocide Martyrs, now Saints. Thank you This was a juried art exhibit at the ARTA moderator for the conference was Dr. Alan for your encouragement, participation and GALLERIES in the Distillery District in Whitehorn, professor of political science, financial support. downtown Toronto. Out of over 60 submissions Emeritus, at the Royal Military College of from Canadian Armenian Artists, about 50 Canada. Presenters at the conference were THE SPONSORED FUNCTIONS: works of art were selected for the Exhibit. well known scholars, Dr. Richard Hovannisian, Besides the Scheduled functions of the There was also a catalogue prepared for this American Historian and Professor Emeritus Armenian Genocide Centennial Committee, exhibition, describing each work of art and at UCLA, Dr. Khatchig Mouradian, coordinator there were scores of functions by various presenting biography of each artist. The of the Armenian Genocide programme at the organizations of the Armenian Community of exhibition opened on September 24th 2015, centre for the study of Genocide, Conflict southern Ontario and the GTA. The spirit of with an at capacity crowd on hand of about Resolution and Human Rights at Rutgers cooperation was present throughout the year 300 people and lasted one whole week, during University, and Dr. Alan Staub, Professor of among all organizations. The following are the which two important functions were held at Psychology, Emeritus, at the university of main functions which were sponsored by The the Gallery; Massachusetts Amherst. letter, expressing his gratitude to the City of Armenian Genocide Centennial Committee of I. BOOK PRESENTATION: by The conference was co- hosted by the Markham Mayor, His Worship Frank Scarpitti, Canada (ONTARIO): Armenian Photojournalist Scout Tufenkjian, Politics and Public Administration Departments the Councillors and the City staff for their hard 1. “SPIRIT OF A NATION”, DANCE for her new book “There is Only The Earth”. of Ryerson University and the Armenian work to bring the concept to fruition. PERFORMANCE FEST: Hamazkayin The book is a Photo –documentary of all the Students Association of Ryerson University Mayor Frank Scarpitti then gave his “EREPUNI” dance ensemble and dance Armenian communities across the continent. and sponsored by Ryerson University’s History message regarding the creation of this unique Academy’s 5th annual showcase with Artistic She visited all Armenian communities including Department. The conference discussed the “Forest of Hope” initiated by the Armenian Director and Dance Instructor Lori Najarian Armenia and Artsakh. The function was well short term and long term psychological effects residents of the City of Markham, by donating presented Armenian folk dance of different attended with a full capacity crowd of art lovers of genocide on survivors and future 100 trees as a symbol on the occasion of the Western Armenian provinces and regions. The including Atom Egoyan and Arsine Khanjian. generations and the examination of the lasting Centenary Armenian Genocide. Mayor function was held at the Armenian Youth II. REMEMBERING THROUGH effect of the trauma on the Armenian Nation Scarpitti then drew parallels between the Centre on June 27th and 28th, 2015. POETRY: September 27th, 2015 was a special and the importance of closure with a fair Armenian Genocide, which killed 1.5 million 2. FROM DUSK TO DAWN: A musical night for many. It was a tribute to the enduring settlement. The last phase of genocide is not Armenian population and uprooted them from evening organized by the Armenian spirit of our Armenian writers and poets, who denial but a fair compensation and settlement. their native homes, to the calamity that struck Evangelical Church of Toronto, to were massacred during the Armenian The Ryerson University Armenian Students the Ashton Meadows park by the Asia Bor, cont. on page 31 öºîðàô²ð 2016 20 IJ. î²ðÆ, ÂÆô 124 VARIETY Syrian Armenian Refugees Arriving in Toronto Expected to Rise

My very own þMinecraftþ...

By Talyn Terzian Gilmour

Ever feel like you’re watching yourself just to give me some very, very much needed live your life as though you were in a video advice on, well, the rest of my professional game? Do you turn left? Or go right? Do life. Mr. Niceguy would be taking “double you use a shovel or a bomb-thrower to trouble” to school and to make things easier knock out some zombies? What if the on him lunches were prepared the night zombies are your kids that were just turned before and stored in the refrigerator, snow into zombies? What do you do then? pants, extra shoes, and school projects all Lately I feel completely packed in backpacks (I lost 30 minutes of discombobulated – out of my familiar my life last night as well as the opportunity environment and with a to-do list longer to watch the Bachelor because I had to cut than my arm I feel like I’m in the eye of a out a million jigsaw puzzle pieces for the 9 tornado. I know I need to loosen the reigns year old with scissors that were not small - as an absolute control freak I have an enough and I swear my hands were Syrian Armenian families are served Christmas dinner at ACC of Toronto. unwavering belief that without me in charge trembling so much that I now fear I’ve finally how else could things possibly ever get entered the realm of hyperthyroidism or was done? (Said every obsessive-compulsive, it just that fourth cup of coffee today?) perfectionistic-tendency having control In any case, I made it out the door – freak...) bleary eyed and all – and even though I still When I wake up in the morning it’s like have a head full of matted tangles I’m I’m walking straight into Minecraft – a video presentable enough and only a few minutes game my boys are obsessed with (and late so I stake out the perfect spot and I’m therefore osmotically I’m aware of everything sure this person will be here any moment Minecraft) – the slightest misstep and Hmmm I’ve double checked my BLAST! emails, the time on my phone, the time with Alarm goes off, I jump out of bed and the coffee shop and ok, 15 minutes is head to the washroom because who can fashionably late, right? stand the full bladder any longer (speaking I’m really hungry and could really use of which I swear that while my entire that coffee now – I’ll send an email and just midsection grew after two pregnancies, my let them know I’m here t + 22 minutes bladder seems to now be the size of an I wonder, did I even confirm this acorn)!! Brush teeth, wash face, decide meeting? Quick check of email and GASP!!! that two-day dirty hair isn’t so dirty when I didn’t even confirm! OMG but what do you’re trying to get out of the door and quite Syrian Armenians are being served with food at Syrian Armenian refugees at a job fair organized I do now? Sometimes people don’t wait for ACC main hall. by CABC at ACC, January 27 frankly not heading to a high power meeting confirmations and it’s only t + 27 minutes on Bay Street, although moms in the By Lara Onayak coming to Canada,” she said. “Unfortunately, plus I sent all those emails letting them know school parking lot can be an even tougher they didn’t do enough research on what life I’m here! crowd so a quick brush, some makeup and The Armenian Community Centre-Sponsorship is like here in Canada. They realize they have OK think, think, think! I’ll get a latte Agreement Holder (ACC-SAH) committee has voila, I’m off to the races to work more here than [back home]. The because that will grease my brain wheels approved over 1,300 sponsorship applications That is, until I have to wake them up expenses are beyond their expectations [such and I did tell the baristas I’m waiting for for Syrian refugees by the end of year, When I was young I was drawn to those as] rent, daily life, groceries, everything.” someone and they’re giving me their full on according to the committee applications. video games where the zombies come She adds that the committee’s pitiful stares like I’ve been jilted on Valentine’s Lorig Katerjian, head of the ACC-SAH, organization of events and job fairs have towards you with blank stares, arms said the committee has submitted over 2,600 Day! helped the refugees understand their outstretched in front, stiffly limbering forward, applications to sponsor refugees in conflict One latte down one croissant responsibilities and develop their lives and mouths agape. You would have to blast countries such as Syria and Iraq, as well as inhaled and still no contact until PING! futures as new Canadians. them with your laser until eventually, neighbouring countries including Lebanon, Oh my goodness, it’s my person and they’re The committee organized a Syrian- inevitably, you were overtaken. That’s exactly Jordan and Turkey. Katerjian said over 1,100 Armenian Newcomer Job Fair at the Armenian what it’s like waking up my two boys at ages not even in town! Ugh, how could I have of the applications were approved and Community Centre on January 27th and 9 and nearly 6 every morning before school been so amateur to not even confirm a refugees began arriving in Toronto in last year another on February 3rd at the Armenian – only I’m overtaken in less than 5 minutes meeting? Ugh! Ugh! UGH!!!!! *So in 2015, with most of them settling in General Benevolent Union. “We’re [building] flat! embarrassing. Willowdale. connections with different groups and trying Every morning I turn on the light, I say *SIGH* I guess I will just head out and Children have been enrolled in their to find jobs for them,” she said. “Some of them “good morning” (in that terribly annoying find something else to do, after all I did schools, many of them at the A.R.S Armenian [have] found [jobs] but on my list I have around and completely disingenuous happy tone promise the nearly 6 year old a new Private School, as well as public and Catholic 150 people still looking for jobs.” that I use to mask my absolute terror that backpack and some kind of light up shoes schools. Although the refugees are now safe and The committee’s Facebook page shares they will totally ignore me or start yelling at for school. And the 9 year old was hoping provided with basic necessities, Katerjian information benefiting refugees, from driver’s me to sleep longer and erupt my anger for new play pants. points out the difficulties of transitioning to life license information and future arrivals, to which feels like it’s on a precipice just waiting I guess it’s pretty obvious – I’m the in Canada. advertisements for furniture. zombie here. With so much going on I’m to ignite) and pull their very weighted bodies “There’s a culture shock when they arrive Donations may be made on the ACC- like the walking dead roaming around in my off the bed so that if I’m lucky, their autopilot here because usually it’s the first time they’re SAT website at sah.armenian.ca. will kick in the moment their toes touch the life, arms outstretched, mouth agape, ground and we will merrily make it out on limbering along with the blank stare. time. I’ve even resorted to reminding them At least my person is understanding Armenian Association of Toronto (AAT) that they have to rush to the bathroom and generous enough to give me a new Raffle Winners (because they must need to use it) and meeting time but wait, what’s that on my when that doesn’t work, “Who’ll be first to windshield? A parking ticket???!!! I’m in a The AAT fundraising effort to benefit the mini, was Adrine Gharabegian of Laval, go to the washroom, brush their teeth, wash no parking before 10:00 am parking spot?! breakfast and lunch program of the Daniel Quebec. their face and comb their hair?” – some How did I ever miss that??!! Ghazarian Music School in Shushi, Artsakh The second prize winner of a 50-inch friendly competition. concluded with a lottery draw on New Year’s Samsung LED TV was Berge Minassian of Today I had an extra reason to get them Incidentally, this author did get a chance Eve. Toronto. out of the house on time – I had a meeting to have that meeting and it proved to be a The draw took place in front of a packed with a very, very important person who had definite step in the right direction and out hall with over 300 Armenians who had come And the grand prize winner of a $3000 taken time out of their very, very busy day of the eye of the storm! to celebrate the arrival of the new year. travel voucher, or 2 tickets to Armenia, was The winner of the third prize, an iPad Gevik Malkhassian of Etobicoke. öºîðàô²ð 2016 ARMENIA IJ. î²ðÆ, ÂÆô 124 21 New Mining Complex Inaugurated In Karabakh

(RFE/RL)- An Armenian mining giant has •'3f•'3fBako Sahakian, the Karabakh built a new copper and molybdenum ore president, underscored the Kashen project’s processing plant in Nagorno-Karabakh as part importance to the local economy with his of the biggest business project implemented presence at the inauguration ceremony. in the territory in more than a decade. Sahakian said new jobs created by Vallex will Vallex Group inaugurated the modern contribute to economic growth. plant late last month shortly after launching His prime minister, Ara Harutiunian, told open-pit mining operations at the nearby reporters that the non-ferrous metal reserves Kashen deposit in Karabakh’s northern at Kashen will be enough to keep the new Martakert district containing an estimated mining complex operational for at least 25 275,000 metric tons of copper and 3,200 tons years. Harutiunian downplayed recent years’ of molybdenum. The company claims to have substantial drop in international copper prices, invested $130 million in the new facilities saying that Vallex could even expand its mining currently employing more than 1,400 people. operations in Karabakh in the coming years. The Kashen project was launched two Vallex plans to extract and enrich at least years ago amid the depletion of copper and 1.75 million tons of ore annually. It says that gold reserves located elsewhere in Martakert. the Kashen deposit contains about 56 million Vallex’s Karabakh subsidiary, Base Metals, tons of ore. Officials inaugurate an ore processing plant built near the Kashen copper deposit, 26 Dec 2015. has exploited the Drmbon reserves since The company, which has bigger mining and decent people. I enjoy working with them.” Thousands of other, mostly male 2001, becoming Karabakh’s single largest operations in Armenia, has hired not only The Martakert mines have been a major Karabakh Armenians serve in the local military corporate taxpayer and private employer. Armenian but also foreign specialists to build According to officials in Stepanakert, Base and run the new facility. “I hadn’t heard of a contributor to robust economic growth closely integrated with Armenia’s armed forces. Metals has paid an average of 4 billion drams country called Karabakh before I came here,” recorded in Karabakh in the last several years. The Karabakh economy grew by over 7 ($8.3 million) in taxes each year. By Johann Murray, a South African mining “The total number of employed people in percent in January-September 2015 on the comparison, the Karabakh government’s 2016 engineer, told Karabakh television during the Karabakh rose from 41,000 in 2007 to 50,300 back of a 32 percent rise in agricultural budget is worth 89 billion drams. ceremony. “Karabakh Armenians are proud in 2014,” Harutiunian said a year ago. production. French Loan To Finance More Irrigation EBRD Investments In Armenia Upgrades In Armenia Hit Record High

An irrigation canal in the southern Armavir region EBRD President Suma Chakrabarti delivers a speech during a meeting in Tbilisi, Georgia, May (RFE/RL)- The French government will five years. 14, 2015. provide Armenia with an $82 million loan that Armenia’s Soviet-built irrigation networks will be used for refurbishing and expanding have already absorbed considerable capital Emil Danielyan Davis. “Overall I am optimistic, especially about irrigation networks in the country’s rural areas. investments in the last several years. That capital market development and the emergence According to the French Embassy in includes a $177 million reconstruction of 6 (RFE/RL)- The European Bank for of more private equity investment activity.” Yerevan, the French Development Agency major canals, 17 water pumping stations and Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) said The EBRD has invested a total of $1.13 (AFD) and the Armenian Finance Ministry will the water drainage system of Ararat and that its investments in Armenia, mostly billion in about 150 projects in Armenia ever sign a relevant agreement January 26. neighboring Armavir provinces. It was financed channeled into the private sector, reached a since it began operating in the country in 1992. An embassy statement released on by a U.S. government agency, the Millennium record high of $140 million last year. Nearly 90 percent of those investments have Thursday said the loan will directly benefit Challenge Corporation. The project was The London-based institution supporting 4,500 households in the fruit-growing Ararat completed in 2011. gone into the private sector, largely taking the economic reforms in former Communist states Valley south and west of the Armenian capital. Later in 2011, the World Bank disbursed form of minority stake purchases in local banks The statement indicated that it will be mainly an $18 million loan for further irrigation said it financed 14 business projects and other firms as well as foreign corporations spent on the construction of a water reservoir upgrades in the country, which were due to implemented in various sectors of the Armenian setting up shop in the country. near Vedi, a small town in the southern Ararat benefit about 90,000 farmers. Nevertheless, economy. As recently as on December 10, the EBRD province. The facility will increase by 3,200 a lack of irrigation water remains a serious The EBRD thus accounted for a paid just over $20 million for a 22.7 percent hectares the total area of arable land in the problem hampering the development of the considerable part of foreign direct investment share in Armenia’s Inecobank. The deal was region covered by irrigation, it said. Armenian agricultural sector. (FDI) attracted by the South Caucasus country tied to Inecobank’s acquisition of ProCredit The head of Armenia’s State Committee In 2015, the Armenian government in 2015. The Armenian government recorded Bank Armenia. The two banks have thousands on Water Resources, Aram Harutiunian, secured two more irrigation credits, worth a $263 million in FDI inflows in January- of small and medium-sized businesses among stressed the “strategic” importance of the Vedi combined $65 million, from the Moscow-based September. their clients. Their merger meant a further reservoir when he met with a senior AFD Eurasian Fund for Stabilization and In a statement circulated by its Yerevan consolidation of the Armenian banking sector official in early December. He said that its Development and a lending arm of the OPEC office, the bank described the record-high construction will start in 2016 and take about group of oil-exporting nations. strongly supported by the EBRD. figure as a “clear indication of both the Local commercial banks have absorbed investment opportunities in the country and nearly half of the EBRD’s total investments in strong demand for EBRD funding.” “The Armenia. The EBRD has also invested in the EBRD’s ability to attract increasing financial country’s energy, agribusiness, mining and resources to Armenia is testament to the transport sections as well as public bankability of our clients and the overall infrastructure. ÊÙµ³·ñáõû³Ý ÏáÕÙ¿ investment climate in Armenia,” the head of On December 11, the EBRD announced §ÂáñáÝÃáѳۦ å³ï³ë˳ݳïáõ ã¿ the office, Mark Davis, was quoted as saying. the release of a $9 million loan for the Çñ ¿ç»ñáõÝ Ù¿ç ÉáÛë ï»ë³Í ͳÝáõóáõÙÝ»ñáõ µáí³Ý¹³Ïáõû³Ý: “While 2016 is likely to be a challenging construction of a solid waste landfill in Yerevan Ø»½Ç ÛÕáõ³Í µáÉáñ ÃÕóÏóáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñÝ áõ ·ñáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñÁ year, I see a number of new opportunities in meeting European Union standards. The »ÝÃ³Ï³Û »Ý áñáß ËÙµ³·ñáõÙÇ: Armenia to add to our client base, and several project also received about $18 million in deal prospects are already maturing,” added funding from the EU. öºîðàô²ð 2016 22 IJ. î²ðÆ, ÂÆô 124 ARMENIA Watchdog Finds No Progress in Armenian Karabakh Still Freer Than Anti-Corruption Drive Azerbaijan, Says U.S. Watchdog

education, tax collection and law enforcement. The ACC and other Armenian civic groups are very skeptical about the seriousness of the government pledges. Hoktanian argued that Abrahamian’s predecessors had also set up and headed anti- corruption councils. “Its structure is slightly different, but as life has demonstrated, one should not have serious expectations from this council,” he told a news conference. Varuzhan Hoktanian, head of the Armenian branch of Transparency International. “The council can be effective only if they implement profound reforms, (RFE/RL)- The scale and 94th in the 2014 CPI that covered rather than imitate them.” (RFE/RL)--Nagorno-Karabakh monitoring missions,” adds the report. gravity of government corruption 174 countries and territories. Hoktanian insisted that the remains a “partly free” territory By comparison, Karabakh’s in Armenia has remained Varuzhan Hoktanian of the Armenian authorities still lack the governed by a less repressive political rights and civil liberties ratings essentially unchanged in the past Anti-Corruption Center (ACC), political will to tackle corruption in administration than Azerbaijan, the remained unchanged at 5. year, Transparency International Transparency International’s earnest. “If they have a political will U.S. human rights group Freedom Freedom House upgraded the said in an annual global survey Armenian affiliate, portrayed the House said in an annual survey status of the Armenian-populated released recently. latest rankings as further proof of they will take a number of concrete released in January. unrecognized republic, which broke Armenia ranked 95th out of a lack of progress in the Armenian steps,” he said. “The first step must Freedom House evaluated away from Azerbaijani rule in the early 168 countries that were evaluated government’s declared efforts to be putting an end to the political “political rights” and “civil liberties” in 1990s, from “not free” to “partly free” in the 2015 Corruption Perceptions combat graft. and economic monopolies in the 195 countries and 15 territories, in 2013. The watchdog attributed that Index (CPI) drawn up by the Berlin- The government vowed to step country. Monopolies always go hand including Karabakh, on a 7-point scale, to Karabakh’s “competitive” July 2012 based watchdog.Transparency up those efforts in July when Prime in hand with corruption.” with 1 representing the most free and presidential election which it said International assigned it an Minister Hovik Abrahamian chaired “Economic monopolization aggregate score of 35 on scale the first meeting of his newly formed leads to political monopolization,” 7 the least free. It again rated both featured a “genuine opposition.” from zero to 100 points. The anti-graft council. The council he added, alluding to the fact that Karabakh and Armenia “partly free” The Azerbaijani government maximum score indicates a approved a plan of mostly some lucrative sectors of the and kept Azerbaijan in the “not free” condemned the U.S. watchdog’s latest perceived absence of corruption in legislative actions meant to Armenian economy have long been category of nations surveyed. evaluations of Azerbaijan and a country. complicate corrupt practices among controlled by government-linked What is more, the “Freedom in especially Karabakh. “Setting aside Armenia scored 37 and was officials dealing with healthcare, individuals. the World 2016” survey further the separatist regime created in the downgraded Azerbaijan’s ratings, occupied territories of Azerbaijan in giving the authorities in Baku a median the latest annual report is yet another Prison Deaths Raise Questions score of 6.5. instance of bias shown by Freedom “Azerbaijan’s political rights rating House,” Foreign Ministry spokesman declined from 6 to 7 due to an Hikmet Hajiyev said, according to the Western donors. It was inaugurated intensified crackdown on dissent, APA news agency. in late 2014 with a ceremony widespread irregularities surrounding Hajiyev said that previous reports attended by President Serzh the November parliamentary elections, also exposed “Freedom House’s Sarkisian, then Justice Minister and serious violations of the right to biased attitude towards Azerbaijan’s Hovannes Manukian and then U.S. a fair trial in cases against journalists, territorial integrity and sovereignty.” Ambassador to Armenia John opposition activists, and human rights Like other Western human rights Heffern. defenders,” it explained. groups, Freedom House has •'3f•'3fManukian described the “President Ilham Aliyev’s repeatedly decried the arrests and development as a major step government used the polls to show imprisonment of dozens of Aliyev towards improving the traditionally its teeth to the democratic world, critics in recent years. In 2014, it urged harsh prison conditions in Armenia barring several foreign journalists from the United States and the European by “making them meet European covering the process and imposing Union to consider imposing sanctions standards and requirements of the restrictions on international observer on Azerbaijani officials involved in A newly constructed prison in Armavir region, 29 Nov 2014. European Convention for the groups that led some to suspend their human rights abuses. Sargis Harutyunyan Karapetian was transferred to Prevention of Torture.” the Armavir prison late on January As recently as on December (RFE/RL)- A criminal suspect 3, three days after being arrested 15, 2015 Prime Minister Hovik Armenian Government Reports in Armenia has died in suspicious and charged with a murder Abrahamian visited the Armavir circumstances after spending only attempt. He was found dead the prison to inaugurate new facilities Tax Revenue Shortfall several hours at a recently following morning. built there. Abrahamian was constructed prison that was billed Karapetian’s father Marat said accompanied by Richard Mills, the (RFE/RL)- The Armenian forecast a growth rate of 4.1 percent. by officials as the country’s first the young man was in a “normal current U.S. ambassador, and Piotr government’s tax revenue fell short Prime Minister Hovik Abrahamian “European-style” penitentiary mood” when he surrendered to the Switalski, the head of the European of the target set in the state budget has blamed the slowdown on external institution. police on December 31. “He was Union Delegation in Yerevan. An for last year, despite continued factors, notably a recession in Russia Anzor Karapetian, a 20-year- not a miserable guy. He could not Armenian government statement economic growth in the country. that has significantly reduced vital old resident of Armavir, a town have taken his life,” he told quoted Mills as describing the new The 2015 budget committed the remittances from Armenian migrant close to the new prison, was found RFE/RL’s Armenian service prison as “a step forward on the government to collecting almost 1.14 workers. That reduction may also hanged in his cell early on January (Azatutyun.am). way to reforming the judiciary and trillion drams ($2.4 billion) in various explain why the volume of wholesale 4, the third such case registered Two other prisoners were penitentiary institutions in Armenia.” taxes and duties. According to newly and retail trade in Armenia shrunk last there in less than a month. found hanged at the Armavir jail in The current Justice Minister publicized Finance Ministry data, tax year, leading some critics of the The prison administration and December. The official cause of Arpine Hovannisian, whose ministry authorities met less than 94 percent government to wonder whether the law-enforcement authorities claim their deaths was also suicide. oversees Armenia’s prisons and of that target. economy grew at all. that he committed suicide. Artur Sakunts, an Armenian detention centers, also attended Its shows that taxes paid by Artak Manukian, an independent Armenia’s Investigative Committee human rights activist, expressed and spoke at the ceremony. Her Armenia’s 1,000 largest companies economist, said on Thursday that the has launched an inquiry under a serious concern at the incidents. press service on Thursday refused accounted for almost two-thirds of the tax revenue shortfall of 73 billion Criminal Code article dealing with “This means that there are quite to comment on the string of Armavir total tax revenue. At 696.5 billion drams ($152 million) is raising more cases where individuals are serious problems with human rights prison deaths, saying that the drams, their tax contributions were questions about the official growth “induced” to kill themselves. A in that institution and that bringing criminal investigations into them slightly down from the 2014 level. figures. “Either there was more tax spokeswoman for the law- prison conditions into conformity are still not complete. “In 2015 we failed to meet the tax evasion or the [reported] economic enforcement agency said on with European standards alone Ill-treatment of criminal revenue target,” Deputy Finance growth has nothing to do with Thursday that nobody has been does not guarantee humane suspects by police and other law- Minister Pavel Safarian told reporters reality.” arrested or charged yet. treatment of inmates,” he said. enforcement bodies has long been last week. “The reason for that is The government expects Gross Karapetian’s relatives Designed for at least 800 commonplace in Armenia. The U.S. known to you: a slower-than-expected Domestic Product to increase, in real categorically rule out the possibility inmates, the Armavir institution is State Department has highlighted GDP growth.” terms, by only 2.2 percent this year. of a suicide. They say that an Armenia’s first prison built after the the problem in detail in its annual The Armenian economy was on Its 2016 budgetary revenue is autopsy found traces of violence Soviet collapse with funding and reports on human rights in the course to grow by approximately 3 projected to be slightly below the 2015 on his body. technical assistance provided by country. percent in 2015. The government had target. öºîðàô²ð 2016 ARMENIA IJ. î²ðÆ, ÂÆô 124 23 A Record Breaking Year for Environmental Education in Armenia

By Ani Melkonian ATP aims to raise a responsible an exhibition of the children’s generation of Armenians that will projects. The delicate flowers, plants Environmental education has take on their roles as caretakers and and vegetables are a result of all been one of Armenia Tree Project’s protectors of the environment. To that the children are learning in the strategic priorities since 2005, with support that goal, our team works eco-club. trainings and workshops conducted hard to instill respect, care and Here Melanya has learned how all over Armenia. Thousands of understanding towards nature in the to make compost, how to graft fruit schoolchildren visit ATP’s two youth.” trees, and how to plant and care for education centers sponsored by the Melanya Sarukhanyan is a 13- trees. She’s also learned about Ohanian Family of Boston. The year old schoolgirl from Margahovit organic insect control and growing centers--one located on the grounds and a regular at the Ohanian Center. organic vegetables. ATP has of the Karin Nursery and another in She’s a member of ATP’s eco-club, introduced broccoli and Brussels Margahovit Village--provide the inauguration of which in 2012 sprouts to the village, where only interactive lessons focused on all was cause for great excitement in cabbage and potatoes were grown aspects of the environment. the village. Melanya was introduced in the past. 2015 was a record-breaking to the club at school by her biology Students also study the Michael and Virginia Ohanian Center for Environmental Studies,Northern Armenia. year as more students visited the teacher Gayane Markaryan, who importance of bees in an ecosystem, centers than ever before. Sixty four also happens to be the eco-club the damage of pesticides and connection between what they learn plantings at historical locations like school groups (1,646 students) from trainer. The club has 35 members herbicides to bee colonies, bee care and what occurs in their daily lives. Sardarabad. The environmental Yerevan, Kotayk and Armavir in two age groups--middle and high and honey production. They apply their knowledge by education program also includes the attended classes at the Michael and school students--and they meet three “The goal is to connect children making compost in their gardens training of teachers to use the “Plant Virginia Ohanian Environmental times a week. “Making the extra with the environment. We want them and by recycling paper and plastic an Idea, Plant a Tree” manual Education Center in Karin, which effort after school is no to value their natural heritage,” adds bottles. “I get a lot of phone calls published by ATP and approved by significantly exceeds the number inconvenience for the students Sahakyan. from parents complaining because the Ministry of Education, and from previous years. In Margahovit, because they enjoy learning new When asked what she likes their kids won’t allow them to throw conducting lessons at a number of 74 school groups (1,971 students) things in a stimulating and peaceful about the eco-club, Melanya says trash away,” jokes Sahakyan. “That’s workshops and summer camps. visited the Michael and Virginia environment,” says Sahakyan. they put into practice things they how I know our work is paying off.” Since its inception in 1994, ATP Ohanian Center for Environmental The Ohanian Center is like an learn in theory. “We use modern and In addition to hosting local has planted more than 4.9 million Studies from Lori, Tavush, illustration straight out of a children’s at the same time eco-friendly students, ATP hosts diasporan youth trees, established three nurseries Gegharkunik and Shirak. book. The building itself is technology, which we don’t have at as part of the Building Bridges and two environmental education “Our approach is that planting camouflaged to reflect the school,” says Melanya. “We watch program in the USA. Students from centers, and has greened villages, trees is not enough when there is surrounding green rolling mountains, slideshows and videos together...It’s Armenia meet their peers from the churches, parks, and open spaces limited awareness about with the Hrant Dink Memorial Forest more fun that way. I’ve learned that diaspora and together learn about throughout Armenia. In the process, environmental issues in the country,” in the background and the Mirak nature gives us life, so we must care their natural heritage and a little bit the organization has provided explains education manager Alla Family Reforestation Nursery within for it.” about each other. In 2015, ATP employment for hundreds of people Sahakyan. “Through our sight of the gardens. The front yard A vital part of ATP’s education hosted six school visits from the and provided vital resources to environmental education program, is a beautifully laid out garden and program is for students to make a diaspora which included tree thousands of villagers. Meline’s Garden: Challenging Monoculture in the Motherland

By Lena Tachdjian its appeal. That’s where Taline of his plot of land to growing quinoa Kevonian comes in. After many visits together. After going over the details, Diasporan Armenians are to Armenia since 1996 and a two- he agreed with the idea of “bringing known to develop obsessions about year stay in 2004, Kevonian had a his boy back from Russia,” and after local Armenian food. The taste of vision to tackle some of the country’s a few celebratory (mandatory) shots the apricots, the juiciness of the tendency towards high-sugar diets. of tti oghi the wheels were in motion. tomatoes, and the aromatic honey She initially thought planting agave have no comparison, and nothing would be her focus in order to Kevonian brought with her four back home can come close. replace sugar, but she soon realized different types of seeds to plant, However, for those who have Armenia’s climate was not right for acknowledging Armenia did in fact spent time in Armenia through all of this tropical type of growth.She opted have wild quinoa, though it did not the seasons, the tendency towards for quinoa instead, as it has many carry the same nutritional aspects mono-eating becomes a little more health benefits, is an adaptable of cultured. obvious—especially during the grain, already contains the natural Between May and June, they wintertime. While tomato and pesticide saponin, is much better planted the seeds to test them. cucumber salads become an suited for diabetics due to its fiber Some mistakes were made and First round of seed planting automatic staple during the spring content, and after a few seasons it learned from—such as planting them Taline Kevonian’s overall and summer, beets, cabbage, and actually replenishes the nutrients in too close to each other, therefore approach is that she is not “helping” potatoes seem to be the only options the soil it is planted in. Another plus causing cross pollination. But they anyone. She wanted to avoid this to choose from during the winter was that, as she and many others had also made a decision to grow it sort of mentality she saw in a lot of (beyond khash, of course). were a little sick of the common in less-than-ideal conditions—such diasporan friends with good While this reflects mostly what grains available, she felt quinoa as areas with very little water—and intentions, or even organizations is grown, many farmers are would add some healthy diversity to if it succeeded they would confidently that focus solely on charity. She challenging this by growing non- the tendency of mono-culture in the know that “if it can grow here, it can wants the resulting partnership to traditional vegetables, such as sweet motherland. grow anywhere.” be mutually beneficial and since the potatoes and even kale, and with Kevonian began renting out her “With quinoa it is just an initial positive benefits of this venture the rise of Syrian-Armenian spices apartment in the United States in 1.5 months of monitoring where we significantly outweigh the negatives, and food shops, things are becoming order to save money for her project, would have to keep the weeds in Kevonian has learned to focus only more varied and interesting. and was confident in her decision, check, change positions if needed on individuals who agree to take on So while diasporans take a lot as she believed she would be doing on top of the planting itself, and after some of the responsibility. of the above-mentioned foods—and something beneficial for a that it is not a labor intensive Although she has three master’s drinks (most notably cognac)—from community she had spent so much process,” Kevonian said of the degrees, she is quick to point out Armenia back as gifts or for time in. quinoa production process. that she has no specialization in themselves, they do often return with Soon, however, she began Already from that one agriculture. However, she asks Farmers harvesting quinoa in Halidzor their own essentials. experiencing the notorious “chi experimental plot in Halidzor, rhetorically, “Why would I work in was always connected with her and That’s why when I heard about gareli” (it’s not possible) mentality Meline’s Garden will expand to six international development when I wanted this to be tribute to her.” Meline’s Garden, a new initiative of many local and diasporan friends. more areas by the end of the year, have an idea that would directly Taline Kevonian jokes about how introducing quinoa in Armenia, I Reminding herself that “Trader Joe’s including Sisian and Tavush, and support farmers and benefit her grandmother had never actually knew this would radically alter my didn’t have any quinoa 10 years Kevonian is in the process of signing communities?” tried quinoa before, and when she ‘bring-back’ list. ago,” and that it is a grain neutral in contracts with the interested farmers. She elaborated more on her made her a dish, she quickly While bulghur and rice are appearance and therefore not a Her focus is on working with small- initial reasons for going forward with exclaimed “Sa inch a!” (What is this!). common, gretchka (buckwheat) “scary new product,” she knew it scale farms (of about six hectares) this project: “My grandmother is Kevonian also noted a tends to reign supreme in Armenia had potential to become something to establish a network of dependable Meline, who the project is named secondary reason—and that was in terms of grains. It can be big and beneficial in Armenia. farmers who can remain reliable and after, and it is also my middle name. my first article published in the incorporated into almost every meal She approached a farmer she not overwhelmed. A few local and She is 94 years old, cooks the most Armenian Weekly on veganism in and cooked in a variety of ways. had known for more than 13 years international organizations have also delicious food, and is an extremely Armenia. She told me that it showed Sooner or later, however, the idea in Halidzor with her plan and asked proposed projects to work independent woman who was her that healthy living was on the of eating gretchka every day loses if he wanted to dedicate a section specifically with border villages. however sometimes overlooked. I cont. on page 28 öºîðàô²ð 2016 24 IJ. î²ðÆ, ÂÆô 124 ARMENIA Armenian-Azerbaijani Attrition War Escalates

By Emil Sanamyan kilometers from the Line of Contact (see for these locations). (Armenian Weekly)- In 2015, the on-again, All of the five civilian fatalities and six off-again fighting between Armenian and military personnel were killed in Armenia’s Azerbaijani forces continued a trend towards northeastern Tavush province, near the towns escalation that was already significant in 2014. of Noyemberian and Berd. On September 24 In the last 12 months, the Armenian forces Tavush villages located in the immediate have seen a more-than-50-percent increase proximity of the border came under intense in conflict-related casualties; judging by mortar fire that killed three women and information leaks in spite of Azerbaijani military wounded four other civilians. censorship rules, a similar increase is likely Heavier Weapons and Better on the other side as well.* This means that Reconnaissance the total conflict-related death toll exceeded Starting in late 2014, Azerbaijan began 100 people last year. The immediate point of this fighting is not to regularly fire mortars—a kind of intermediate to win any territory, but to kill as many step between light arms and the sniper warfare adversary personnel as possible, increasing of the past and higher-caliber artillery shelling. the cost for the status quo without escalating Towards the end of 2015, Azerbaijan also used D-30 howitzers (in at least two incidents, to a more risky full-scale war. One case of Ilham Aliyev, Serzh Sargsyan and Vladimir Putin, 10 August 2014 such warfare is the Arab-Israeli fighting including in the Sept. 25 attack) and tanks. between 1967 and 1970—known as the War The Armenian military estimated that Political Significance Judging by official Azerbaijani of Attrition; by various estimates both sides throughout the year Azerbaijani forces fired The immediate aim of the Azerbaijani- communications, they have two main of that fighting lost as many or more people a total of 20 125mm tank shells; 34 122mm initiated attrition warfare is mounting constituencies: First is the Azerbaijani public, in 3 years of “low-intensity” warfare than during D-30 shells; 416 120mm mortar mines; 574 psychological and political pressure on the which is assured of the country’s military the 6 days of full-scale war in 1967—several TR-107 107mm rockets; and more than 10,000 Armenian leadership by increasing Armenian dominance through exaggeration of Armenian thousand for both sides. 82mm and 60mm mortar mines. The Armenian casualties. It was no coincidence that fighting casualties and the prohibition of unofficial counter-attacks were limited to mortar fire, Compared to the 1967-70 war, the escalated just before meetings between the reports about Azerbaijani losses. With Armenian-Azerbaijani fighting remains at the mostly 60 and 82mm, but judging by drone- Armenian and Azerbaijani foreign ministers in plummeting energy revenues and major lower end of intensity. In 2015, on the Armenian shot footage released by the Armenian military New York in September and the presidents in currency devaluation, nationalist rallying on side, the fatalities included 42 military those retaliatory strikes were both devastating Bern, Switzerland, in December. There were and deadly. Karabagh is an important crutch for the personnel and 5 civilians, compared to 27 also stretches of quiet time, starting around The use of unmanned aerial vehicles government. Second is the Armenian public. military and 6 civilians in 2014. Twenty-four the time of the Armenian Genocide Centennial of the military personnel were enlisted young (UAV) is altering warfare around the world, Azerbaijani leadership must be hoping that on April 24 and continuing through the men in their late teens and early 20s, 9 were and that has been the case in Karabagh as over time, through a combination of greater European Games hosted by Baku in June. older contracted servicemen, and 9 were well. Azerbaijan began to acquire UAVs from population numbers and greater domestic Statements by the Russian Foreign Ministry officers. According to information available, Israel in 2008 and Armenia began domestic repression, they will be in a better position to urging restraint—made at the height of fighting 20 of the deaths resulted from direct combat production soon after, but their use in cope with the costs of attrition fighting than in late September and mid-December—also engagements (raids and ambushes), 16 from Karabagh really intensified over the past two the Armenian side. had a calming effect. sniper fire and other light arms shelling, and years. This means that both sides now have Much of the commentary about the This ebb and flow in fighting is reflected 6 from heavier artillery and mortar shelling. more accurate and timely intelligence about Karabagh conflict continues to focus on two in how Armenian conflict-related fatalities were Most of the fighting was concentrated in the location of the other side’s forces. If in the extreme scenarios of its development: full- reported month to month; in the table below, Nagorno-Karabagh’s northern Mardakert past most of the attacks were conducted on scale, all-out war; or all-out peace through total fatalities (including civilians) are shown: district, where at least 16 Armenian servicemen frontline sentry positions and trenches, where political resolution. The experience of the last were killed in combat. Half of these 16 fatalities While comprehensive data for Azerbaijani soldiers are better protected from shelling and two years points in the direction of something occurred in 2 incidents: 4 servicemen were fatalities is no longer available, fragmentary are harder to kill, over the past year there has in-between: continued and escalating attrition killed and more were wounded in the March been a notable shift to attacks against moving information that is available follows a similar war. 19 ambush in a forested area between targets that are more exposed. pattern. Gulistan and the Yeghishe Arakyal Monastery, *The Armenian military news site and 4 more were killed and over a dozen Razm.info (in Armenian and Russian) has injured when on Sept. 25 Azerbaijani artillery detailed these leaks—as well as the struck an army training center in the open Azerbaijani government’s efforts to suppress area just off the Madagiz-Talish Road, 3 them—throughout the year. PACE Rejects One Anti-Armenian Report on Karabakh, Approves Another

The Parliamentary Assembly of the the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict. In her report, Council of Europe (PACE) held a heated Milica Markovic, who never visited the debate on January 26 on two reports on reservoir, used this humanitarian issue as a Nagorno-Karabakh: “Escalation of violence in pretext in order to make highly biased Nagorno-Karabakh and the other occupied statements on the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict territories of Azerbaijan,” by rapporteur Robert in general. A brief comparison of the draft Walter (UK) and “Inhabitants of frontier regions resolution and of the technical report, which of Azerbaijan are deliberately deprived of should be the basis of the draft resolution, water,” by rapporteur Milica Markovic (Bosnia makes it clear that Ms. Markovic deliberately and Herzegovina). The Parliamentary exaggerated the consequences of potential Assembly rejected the report by Walter and danger. On the other hand, she left important adopted the report by Markovic. facts, stated in the technical report, out of the Since November 2015, the European draft resolution, since this information did not Armenian Federation for Justice and fit in with her biased intentions. Democracy (EAFJD) had carried out extensive EAFJD President Kaspar Karampetian work in 20 Member States of the Council of said: “Today the Council of Europe rejected Europe, elaborating on the essence of the the highly biased and inflammatory report by reports and exposing their biased character. Robert Walter. Thus, the results of today’s The European Armenian Federation was also vote can be generally considered positive. in Strasbourg and closely followed the vote. The current Azerbaijani Government and Mr. Both draft resolutions evidently lacked Walter did not succeed in their efforts of using thorough, impartial research, selectively left the Council of Europe as an instrument for out crucial facts and in general cause harm anti-Armenian war-rhetoric. It was encouraging PACE during a regular session to the negotiation process of the Nagorno- to see the level of support and mobilization.” Karabakh conflict. The OSCE Minsk Group “Unfortunately, the Parliamentary Nagorno-Karabakh conflict,” stressed concluded the President of EAFJD. had previously issued statements, the latest Assembly of the Council of Europe adopted Karampetian. Meanwhile, reported that Armenian one being a joined press release, urging PACE the rather partial report by Milica Markovic on “Now the task of the Armenian diplomacy member of Turkish Parliament, Markar Esayan not to undermine the negotiation process. the Sarsang reservoir. It is clear that since the should be raising awareness on the from the ruling Justice and Development Party The rejected draft report by Robert Walter beginning Ms. Markovic intended to use this environmental and human rights problems of (AKP), who is known for supporting the Turkish was evidently a word-for-word reflection of humanitarian issue in order to draft a report the Armenian citizens in bordering areas, governmental positions, voted in favor of the official Azerbaijani and Turkish stance on reflecting the Azerbaijani perspective on the facing similar problems, caused by Azerbaijan” Robert Walter’s anti-Armenian report. ARMENIA öºîðàô²ð 2016 IJ. î²ðÆ, ÂÆô 124 25 Armenia: Stepping Gingerly Around Russia-Turkey Feud by Gayane Abrahamyan dispute. The Fair Russia faction submitted to the Russian parliament a draft bill on (Eurasienet)- Policymakers in Armenia criminalizing the denial of genocide in the are wary of the risks of the country getting Ottoman Empire’s 1915-1918 massacre and caught up in deepening Russian-Turkish deportation of hundreds of thousands of ethnic rancor. But some observers see opportunity Armenians from modern-day Turkey. The bill for Armenia to advance its interests amid the has not yet been scheduled for a vote. geopolitical falling out. On social media platforms, such as Russian-Turkish relations have rapidly Facebook, Armenian civil activists and users deteriorated since Turkish jets downed a have expressed frustration about Russians Russian Su-24M fighter in late November. attempting to co-opt such sensitive issues as The spat has broad ramifications for Armenia: weapons in their own battle with Turkey. But deep feelings of distrust and hostility mark some Armenian experts see potential benefits Yerevan’s own relationship with Turkey, which for Yerevan. borders Armenia to the west. Meanwhile, Russian politicians trumpeting Armenian Armenia has traditionally seen Russia as the issues “fits into the logic of realpolitik and we nation’s protector and strategic ally. have to take advantage of it,” said Vardan Speculation about Armenia potentially Voskanian, an expert in Eastern Studies at becoming drawn into the Russian-Turkish feud Yerevan State University. often touches on the Russian military base at Voskanian believes that Armenia now the Armenian town of Gyumri. The facility sits should push its own demands and set the less than 10 kilometers from the Turkish bar for Russia as high as possible, namely, border. Russian President Vladimir Putin and Armenian President Serzh Sargsyan (both in center) visit by recognizing the independence of Nagorno- While former Armenian Defense Minister the Russian 102nd military base near Gyumri, Armenia, in early December 2013 Karabakh from Azerbaijan, criminalizing Vagharshak Harutiunian (1999-2000) doubts Armenia’s Defense Ministry reports that 41 that would make it much more difficult than at genocide denial, and supplying the Armenian that the existing rancor will spark armed conflict Armenian soldiers died on the frontline in present for Armenia to stay on the sidelines. military with latest-generation weapons. between Russia and Turkey, he predicted that 2015; eight in the weeks immediately following For example, there is talk in Russian political “Today it has become crystal clear who “it will have a significant impact on the entire Turkey’s downing of the Russian jet. Armenian circles about Moscow possibly renouncing the Russia’s strategic partner is in the region,” region of the South Caucasus, where defense officials claim that Azerbaijan used 1921 Treaty of Kars and Treaty of Moscow he elaborated. “The Russians have finally Moscow’s and Ankara’s interests cross.” heavy tanks in early December 2015 for the with Turkey. Those agreements gave Turkey realized that the billions of US dollars’ worth The rising temperature in Russian-Turkish first time since the ceasefire; such actions, eastern territories that were historically of [Russian] arms sold to Azerbaijan as ‘purely relations in particular could alter the dynamics they say, mean the effective end of the considered Armenian and/or populated by business’ can one day destroy their own of the long-stalemated Nagorno-Karabakh ceasefire agreement. ethnic Armenians, including the cities of Kars aircraft ” conflict. Karabakh could provide Turkey with Harutiunian noted that even before the and Ardahan, as well as Mount Ararat, the Russia, along with the United States and an opening to exert pressure on Russia, said downing of Russia’s Su-24M, two Turkish national symbol for Armenia. France, ostensibly oversees the moribund Harutiunian, who served as defense minister military helicopters in early October violated Though modern-day Russia no longer Karabakh peace process. The Kremlin has after the signing of a Karabakh ceasefire Armenian airspace, over a section of the has sovereignty over Armenia, Moscow’s not expressed any official interest in agreement in 1994. Armenian-Turkish border guarded by Russian renunciation of the pacts could send a powerful recognizing the disputed territory as an “Turkey is likely to open another front troops. “This was a demonstration of their signal, some believe. “It cannot be ruled out independent entity. But there is a precedent against Russia by using Azerbaijan to power to the Russians, although in our that the Treaties of Kars and Moscow might for such recognition. Following Russia’s 2008 destabilize the situation on the frontline of the territory,” he said. Turkey attributed the incident get annulled and, as a consequence, Turkey war with Georgia, the Kremlin recognized the Karabakh conflict – the current buildup of to bad weather, the Hraparak newspaper might lose [its unchallenged claim to] up to independence of two breakaway Georgian tensions, clashes and sabotage attempts reported. 30 percent of its lands,” commented Stanislav entities – South Ossetia and Abkhazia. demonstrates that it is already happening,” Harutiunian and other observers want Tarasov, director of the Moscow-based Near Political analyst Stepan Grigorian, head Harutiunian said. Armenia to remain “aloof” from the Russia- East-Caucasus Research Center, a non- of Yerevan’s Analytical Center for Over the past three years, ceasefire Turkey spat so as “not to become an involved governmental organization. Globalization and Regional Cooperation, violations have skyrocketed to their highest party in this confrontation.” Other controversial chapters of history believes Armenia could use the tensions level since full-scale fighting ended in 1994. But Russia could pull some political levers could be brought to bear on the present-day between Moscow and Ankara to secure Russian recognition of Karabakh’s independence, but cautions that Armenia Iran, Armenia to Promote New Eurasian Transport Corridor should not be drawn into any “proxy war” between Turkey and Russia. Black Sea.” The two leaders explored this and “We have to be extremely cautious under other opportunities for closer economic ties the current circumstances and not get that have emerged with the recent lifting of involved,” he said. “This is not our fight.” international sanctions against Iran. Russian President Vladimir Putin and Beglarian said that in an effort to make Armenian President Serzh Sargsyan (both the would-be Eurasian corridor more attractive in center) visit the Russian 102nd military the Armenian government will step up this base near Gyumri, Armenia, in early year the ongoing reconstruction of Armenia’s December 2013. The Russian base is less main highways stretching more than 550 than 10 kilometers from the Turkish border. kilometers to Georgia and Iran. The (Photo: Russian Presidential Press Service government will specifically try to accelerate highway upgrades in the southeastern Syunik province bordering Iran, he said. “If we start that work from Agarak (a Syunik town on the Armenian-Iranian border) ¶ñ»ó¿ù Ù»½Ç this year, they will realize that our alternative transit route is better,” explained the minister. Iranian Roads and Urban Development Minister Abbas Akhoundi (R) and Armenian Transport The government already borrowed last §ÂáñáÝÃáѳۦ Çñ Minister Gagik Beglarian at a news conference in Tehran, 20Jan2016. year $150 million from the Kazakhstan-based (RFE/RL)- Armenia and Iran will strive to [of such shipments,]” he went on. “According Eurasian Development Bank (EDB) to rebuild ÁÝûñóáÕÝ»ñ¿Ý create a new transport corridor that would to our rough calculations, the cost of this a 20-kilometer road currently going through ³ÝÓÝ³Ï³Ý connect India to Europe via their territories, transit route should be lower than other routes a mountain pass close to Agarak. Most of that Armenian Transport and Communications offered to Iran, which, as you know, would money is due to be spent on the construction ·ñáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñ, ÇÝãå¿ë Minister Gagik Beglarian revealed at the end pass through Turkey and Azerbaijan.” of a 4-kilometer tunnel there. of January. Beglarian met with Iran’s First Vice- The tortuous Kajaran pass is situated ݳ»õ ËÙµ³·ñáõû³Ý Beglarian told RFE/RL’s Armenian service President Eshaq Jahangiri, Roads and Urban over 3,000 meters above the sea level and is áõÕÕáõ³Í ϳñÍÇùÝ»ñ that he reached relevant understandings with Development Minister Abbas Akhoundi and frequently closed to traffic in winter months senior Iranian government officials during a Communications and Information Technology because of snowstorms and ice. ÏÁ ëï³Ý³Û visit to Tehran last week. The Armenian and Minister Mahmoud Vaezi during the January In Beglarian’s words, upgrading the Ù»ù»Ý³·ñáõ³Í »õ Iranian governments will work together in 20-21 trip to Tehran. According to Beglarian’s Agarak-Kajaran section alone would facilitating cargo shipments between Europe press service, he discussed with Akhoundi significantly shorten travel from the Iranian áõÕÕáõ³Í Ñ»ï»õ»³É and India that would be carried out through “the creation of a Persian Gulf-Black Sea border to Yeraskh, a railway station about 50 the Persian Gulf, Iran, Armenia, Georgia and corridor.” kilometers southeast of Yerevan. Under to the »É»ÏïñáÝÇù ѳëó¿Çݪ the Black Sea, he said. Iran’s President Hassan Rouhani was ambitious transit project discussed with Tehran, Email: “We agreed to ship two [sample] reported to say, in a January 24 phone call he said, goods from India and Iran would be containers from [the Indian port of] Mumbai with his Armenian counterpart Serzh Sarkisian, transported to Yeraskh by trucks and then [email protected] to the Black Sea and on to Europe via the that the two neighboring states should “spare shipped to the Georgian Black Sea port of Persian Gulf and Iran and ascertain the price no effort in connecting the Persian Gulf to the Poti by rail. öºîðàô²ð 2016 ARMENIAN GENOCIDE 26 IJ. î²ðÆ, ÂÆô 124 1915-2015 History Repeating Itself

By Raffi Bedrosyan uses the rather cryptic term of 'terrorists made ineffective' for these killings. There are five One hundred years ago the Ottoman month old babies, pregnant women and 80 government leaders were paranoid that year old elderly civilians indiscriminately shot Armenians' demand for reform, improved as terrorists. Bodies of civilians shot in the legislation, civil rights, protection of life and streets lie there for several days as it is property in historic Armenian provinces would impossible to remove them under barrage of lead to Armenian independence and breakup gunfire from the police and army troops. Bodies of the state. Their response to eliminate the of people shot in their own houses cannot be Armenian problem was to attempt eliminating removed for burial as the family cannot go the Armenians themselves. The civilian out, and dead bodies are kept in freezers population of the minority Armenians that hooked to generators or wrapped in nylon disappeared from the state was about 10 bags. The morgues at the hospitals are so full percent of the state population. that hospital kitchen freezers are used to store One hundred years later, the Turkish dead bodies, with stench spreading all over government leaders are paranoid that the the building. Wounded people just wait to die demands of another minority population, for wherever they are shot, in the street or at their education in their own language, self rule and house, as ambulances are not allowed to local autonomy would lead to independence come into the neighbourhood. and breakup of the state. Their response to One of the worst areas of suffering is the The border of Turkey and Armenia the Kurdish demands is almost similar, but historic central municipality of Sur in Diyarbakir, not quite. It is not easy to eliminate the Kurdish where the recently reconstructed Armenian burnt historic buildings of Sur will be you are all Armenian bastards', or 'You will all problem by eliminating the Kurds, as they Surp Giragos Church is located. This expropriated and demolished, to be replaced die, seeds of Armenians'... make up a third of the state population, as municipality is recognized as a cultural heritage by modern housing to be constructed by the Thirdly, and more ominously, the possibility well as forming the majority of the population site, with many historic buildings, churches government urban renewal agency. of a proxy war between Armenia and in the eastern and southeastern provinces. and mosques. It is now mostly in ruins. Most Besides the Surp Giragos Church Azerbaijan is increasing greatly, linked to these So, the government employs tactics to break of the buildings in Sur are destroyed by rockets connection, why are these events critical to events. The war on Kurds in Turkey is the will of the Kurdish general population and and cannonfire from army tanks. The Surp the Armenians? connected to preventing Kurdish moves for by 'cleansing the area from Kurdish militants' Giragos Church has escaped relatively Firstly, there are untold numbers of hidden autonomy in Syria and Iraq. Increasing by isolating them town by town, street by unscathed so far, with only broken windows Armenians among the suffering Kurdish civilian evidence of connections, cooperation or at a street, house by house. The result is a huge and some bullet holes. But the Armenian population in these eastern and southeastern minimum complicity between Turkey and ISIS suffering and loss of the civilian population. Catholic Church has its doors broken down provinces. Whatever hell their grandparents has resulted in increasingly dangerous steps There is ongoing curfew imposed in seven and some internal damage. The most went through hundred years ago, these hidden being taken by the Turkish leaders to cover southeastern provinces for the past several important mosque in Sur, historic Kursunlu Islamized Armenians are suffering the same up the evidence. Journalists who uncovered weeks. The electricity, water and essential Mosque, which was originally the St Theodoros fate now. The ones who 'came out' and evidence of arms flowing from Turkey to ISIS services are cut off. Schools are closed and or Toros Armenian Church converted to a revealed their Armenian identities recently, are now jailed or even killed. Russian, Turkish teachers are removed from the area mosque in the 16th century, is completely are perhaps suffering even more. Norwegian and international evidence of oil before the 'Cleansing operations' by police burnt out. The population of Sur has gone Secondly, the hatred toward Armenians flowing from ISIS to Turkey has resulted in a and army forces start. There are only one or down from 24000 to only 2000 in the past among the Turkish population, and especially downed Russian jet. One of the retaliatory two bakeries allowed to open but people get month. None of the shops and restaurants in the Turkish security forces has come out in moves by Russia was installation of the most shot when they venture out of their homes to are open in the lively, bustling centre of the open during these blockades and attacks advanced antiaircraft weaponry in Armenia, get bread. Police and troops shoot anyone Diyarbakir, now completely deserted. Several on the Kurdish population. The brainwashing, with instructions to shoot down any Turkish they see in the streets. Civilian losses are in shops which were recently returned to the discrimination and hatred against Armenians jet that crosses the Turkish-Armenian border. the hundreds if not thousands - mainly children, ownership of Surp Giragos Church after in the media, in the education system and in Potential for war involving any or all of Russia, elderly and women. The state and the state successful negotiations and court cases, are government circles are apparent in Turkey, Iran, Iraq, Syria, Azerbaijan and controlled media do not report these civilian now shuttered, with loss of revenue to the announcements from Turkish police Armenia keeps increasing as we come to the killings, or if they do, they merely report them church. Ironically, the government has just loudspeakers when they taunt the Kurdish end of the Centenary year of the Armenian as 'killed terrorists'. Actually, the government announced that most of the bullet-ridden and public and the militants: 'You are all Armenians, Genocide. Russian Church Reassures Armenians Over Genocide Recognition

the Middle East in a weekend interview with statement to the Armenian media released by Armenian genocide has been repeatedly and Russian state television. In a clear reference Kirill’s spokesman, Rev. Aleksandr Volkov. clearly expressed in numerous statements to atrocities committed by Islamist militants, Volkov insisted that the Patriarch alluded and messages of the Patriarch,” added Volkov. he said Christians in the region are being to only some periods of Ottoman history that He pointed out that high-level Russian subjected to genocide. saw “relative security and stability in the lives Orthodox clerics took part in last year’s events “Nothing similar to the current events had of religious minorities.” “The absence of such in Armenia that marked the centennial of the ever happened in the Islamic world,” Kirill said, order -- both in the Ottoman Empire 100 years Armenian genocide. adding: “Take, for example, the Turkish, ago and in contemporary Iraq, Syria and Libya Kirill prayed and laid flowers at the Ottoman Empire. Yes, there were Christian -- always leads to tragic events,” he said. Armenian genocide memorial in Yerevan when minorities there but they were not “The position of our Church on the he visited Armenia in 2010. exterminated.” The remarks angered many Armenian social media users before being similarly condemned by some political figures. Giro Manoyan of the Armenian Revolutionary Dr. Raffi Aynaciyan Federation (Dashnaktsutyun), a major party that has traditionally been sympathetic to D.D.S., M.Cl.D., F.R.C.D.(C) Russia, called them “unacceptable.” braces “Obviously, Christians were not constantly for children Patriarch Kirill massacred throughout the existence of the Orthodontist Ottoman Empire,” Manoyan told RFE/RL’s and adults Tatevik Lazarian Armenian service (Azatutyun.am). “But failing to see that there were massacres, genocides Richmond Hill (Hillcrest Mall): (RFE/RL)- Responding to an uproar in targeting Armenians, Greeks, Assyrians and 9350 Yonge Street, Suite 216 Armenia, the Russian Orthodox Church other minorities is tantamount to distorting 905-884-4161 clarified that its supreme head, Patriarch Kirill, history.” did not deny the 1915 Armenian genocide Manoyan urged Armenia’s government North York: when he praised the Ottoman Empire’s and the Armenian Apostolic Church to officially 3333 Bayview Avenue, Suite 203 treatment of its Christian minorities. react to Kirill’s statement. 416-221-0660 A spokesman for Kirill said that the •'3f•'3fRev. Vahram Melikian, the influential church continues to believe that the spokesman for the church, said the Downtown Toronto: World War One-era slaughter of some 1.5 Echmiadzin-based office of Catholicos Garegin 11 King Street West, million Armenians constituted genocide. II expects an explanation from the Russian Suite C115 The Kremlin-backed Patriarch raised Church and has already contacted the Moscow 416-363-3018 eyebrows in Armenia when he discussed the Patriarchate for that purpose. plight of shrinking Christian communities in Melikian publicized later in the day a Ara Graphics öºîðàô²ð 2016 LITERATURE IJ. î²ðÆ, ÂÆô 124 27 The Hundred-Year Walk: An Armenian Odyssey

Will we return the favor? It’s easy to see crisis, as families are being separated from how Miskjian’s story parallels the refugee one another due to the war and mass exodus. crisis literally on our doorstep. Hundreds of I scoured libraries in five countries, and thousands of innocent people being Googled a lot! I found one family in Canada, persecuted for their faith, for their differences, one in Virginia and another in the Seattle area. in constant fear and helplessness. But one of my biggest finds was the writings Dawn MacKeen is an award-winning of one man who survived the same massacre investigative journalist who devoted eight as my grandfather. After years of research, I years to her grandfather’s story. Previously finally found his account in Armenia and she was a staff writer at Salon, Newsday, and Romania, where he’d moved following the Smart Money. Her work has appeared in the war. The articles were published in 1924 and New York Times Magazine, Elle, the Los 1940. When I found this, I cried. I just knew Angeles Times, and elsewhere. that if I looked long enough, I’d find it. He The following are excerpts from a Q&A described the same massacre as as my with Dawn MacKeen. grandfather, and dated it within a day of my grandfather’s account. It’s moments like this Why did you feel compelled to write that I am dumbfounded that these atrocities this book? are still denied. The eyewitnesses may be Ever since I can remember, my mother gone, but they left a paper trail. has been telling me about what happened to her father. Still, the story was relayed in Why did you write about your The Hundred Year Walk: An Armenian fragments, and I couldn’t grasp how experience in the book? Odyssey is the story of one man who extraordinary it was until I could finally read I didn’t set out to do this. I just wanted to miraculously survived the genocide, brought it for myself as an adult. (This was thanks to see the land that my grandfather walked, to the page by his incredibly talented, fearless a relative who translated his account, which which is now modern-day Turkey and Syria. granddaughter, an investigative journalist with was published in the sixties by a small press, The harsh terrain was also a prison for my Dawn Anahid Mackeen an enormous heart and incomparable intuition from Armenian into English.) After reading it, grandfather and the other Armenians, and I growing up with stories of knife-wielding Turks. who learned as much about herself as she I couldn’t believe that he survived, and the believed I needed to see it in order to write In 2007, just before I visited, a prominent did about the horrific events that occurred one ripple effect that my entire family was alive. accurately about it. But then, unexpectedly, I Turkish-Armenian journalist was assassinated hundred years ago, and are, in a way, My grandfather Stepan believed he lived in found the descendants of the Arab sheikh for speaking out about the genocide, and the repeating today. order to tell the world what happened, and who saved my grandfather’s life in Syria. I government was prosecuting those who took Dawn Anahid MacKeen had been hearing shared his ordeal with my mother throughout wanted to find this man’s family but didn’t think up the issue. But I experienced real kindness it from her mother for years. “Tell your her childhood. She then passed it onto me. I would. When I did, I realized that I became from many people. And while I was infuriated grandfather’s story. It’s in his journals.” It was This is our family’s heirloom. Other people part of the story. The sheikh was Muslim and only when, exhausted from her fast-paced life by conversations with people who denied it inherit fine china. I inherited this story, along accepted my Christian grandfather for who happened, I had to remind myself that there as a journalist in New York City, she moved with it the responsibility of retelling it. he was, regardless of his ethnicity or religion, home to Los Angeles that she realized the are many good people who have been been and treated him like a son. The sheikh’s taught a warped history. This is a state- enormity of that request, and how imperative How did you discover more of his descendants welcomed me in the same it was that she answer the call. But she couldn’t sponsored denial. Children learn in their history journals? manner, like a long lost daughter, with some books that the Armenians were the agitators, read Armenian! And besides, there wasn’t I had just moved back to Los Angeles three hundred people greeting me at my arrival enough information to write a whole book. that they had sided with the enemy during a from New York and was quickly finding out to the village. They were as beautiful as the time of war, and their deaths were a Then slowly, with the help of her mother how difficult it was to report on this subject. I sheikh. Finding them was one of the consequence of that. It doesn’t mean that and her tight-knit Armenian community of had the journals from the small press, but transcendental moments of my life. There I these individuals are bad people, which I think friends and neighbors, Stepan Miskjian’s they only told part of the story. Of course, this was, half way around the world, and I found is a frequent assumption. The Turks today journals were translated. MacKeen had in her is a genocide and most people didn’t survive, the clan that was my grandfather’s extended aren’t the ones who perpetrated the genocide. hands a precious and rare first-hand account and even if they did, it’s a century later. Almost family. For many of the people, it’s about education. of the 20th century’s first holocaust. everyone involved was long gone. Suddenly, I think in this pitched climate of religious We need to educate the future generations The more MacKeen delved into her I was living at home at age 35, and feeling enmity, of Muslims versus Christians, the of Turks about what happened in a way that family’s past, the stronger her need became like a complete loser. My mother and I had a message of the sheikh is a powerful one. Just acknowledges the atrocities and allows the to go there. “I needed to taste his thirst, touch huge fight about me quitting. She didn’t want one person’s act of kindness can transform a healing to begin. Of course, individuals also the land where he walked. See the green hills me to stop. Just to be flippant and to state the family for generations. bear responsibility in this information age to surrounding his Adabazar, where his dreams impossible, I blurted out: “I cannot help you educate themselves and question the history of becoming the town’s first courier had taken unless you raise your father from the dead, The town of Raqqa is written about in that they’ve been spoon-fed. root, before they withered and died in the and have him tell me what happened to him.” your book. Is this the same Raqqa that’s desert.” In 2007, MacKeen hired a translator Two days later, my mother found two of his now headquarters for the Islamic State? Why does it matter that Turkey still and went by herself to Syria and Turkey, in notebooks. After that, my uncle searched his Yes. Ironically, Raqqa was an incredible denies this? search of what? Answers? To feel her garage and unearthed two more. After finding place for me. I visited twice before the war, History keeps repeating itself. We are grandfather’s presence? More survivors? those, I felt almost as if I had a mandate to first during the retracing of my grandfather’s seeing nearly identical images of persecution Clues as to why these events took place? complete this project. steps, and then two years later. I was coming from the area where my grandfather And so The Hundred-Year Walk: An welcomed unequivocally. I even stayed suffered a century earlier. We are seeing the Armenian Odyssey is part memoir, part How did you fill in the blanks from overnight at a local tribal leader’s house, who death convoys, the violation of women, the reportage, with the story jumping from Stepan your grandfather’s journals? hosted a dinner party for me on the Euphrates mass executions. It’s important to learn more Miskjian’s to Dawn MacKeen’s, as she sought The book is really a tapestry of many River, with musicians serenading our table about the forces that cause a genocide, and to retrace her grandfather’s march. Along the experiences. While my grandfather’s story is under the stars, the long table laden with food, how to prevent it from happening again. After way, MacKeen meets the family of an Arab the main arc, I reconstructed the world around with conversation with people of different it happens, accountability is crucial. sheikh who saved her grandfather’s life. After him through thousands of pages of research faiths. Clearly the town has changed: Now it’s Perpetrators need to be adjudicated in criminal fleeing from the massacre site, her grandfather, documents. Luckily, my grandfather was the international symbol of hate and courts. For the Armenians, this has never desperate for refuge, sought out a sheikh he extremely detail-oriented and had an elephant- intolerance. really happened. On top of that, the modern had heard was kind. He disguised himself, like memory, and wrote down the names of During the genocide, Raqqa was one of state of Turkey campaigns against recognition. changing his shredded clothes into local dress, the villages he was pushed through on his the few safe havens for Armenians, and after The Armenians can’t heal until their suffering and wrapping a headscarf around his hair to death march, and the full names of people he the genocide, many settled there, building has been acknowledged. Every time someone blend in with the locals. When Miskjian finally encountered. Most of the people were from churches and schools, and growing close with says it didn’t happen, the trauma is reopened. met the powerful sheikh, he was welcomed his town of Adabazar (now called Adapazari), the local population. While it was a poor town, I think Pope Francis described it best when into his home, cleansed, fed, and given work. which is not surprising. Many of the deportees the people were extremely friendly and proud he said recently on the 100th anniversary of He became like a son to the sheikh, even grouped together by hometown in the camps. of what they had and were unified, regardless the killings, “Concealing or denying evil is like though he was from a different faith. The caravans were also often emptied— of religion. Later, I read that ISIS turned the allowing a wound to keep bleeding without When MacKeen finally found the family, slaughtered— by calling out the names of the Armenian church into a recruitment center for bandaging it.” one member told her afterward, “When we towns. jihadists. And in nearby Deir Zor, fighters blew first heard you were looking for us, we thought I felt like an amateur detective, looking up the memorial to the Armenian genocide you were in need like your grandfather. We for any information about these people. I went victims, which I visited twice, and wrote about were going to take you in.” It was their tradition, through oral histories, and every single memoir in the book. he explained, to take in people in crisis. “The that I could find written by his fellow villagers. Many of the people I spoke with in this sheikh and his descendants are the true face I searched newspaper articles from the time area knew about the tragic history of the ÊÙµ³·ñáõû³Ý ÏáÕÙ¿ of the Syrian people,” MacKeen says. “It’s period, almanacs, immigration records, and Armenians. Not ever imagining that in just a §ÂáñáÝÃáѳۦ å³ï³ë˳ݳïáõ ã¿ Aylan [Kurdi, the three-year-old Syrian Kurdish compatriot books that survivors wrote. I few short years many would be facing their Çñ ¿ç»ñáõÝ Ù¿ç ÉáÛë ï»ë³Í ͳÝáõóáõÙÝ»ñáõ boy who drowned in the Mediterranean sea], advertised in Armenian newspapers– much own survival as the area descended into war. µáí³Ý¹³Ïáõû³Ý: it’s my translator from Raqqa, not the men like Armenians did after the genocide, as they Ø»½Ç ÛÕáõ³Í µáÉáñ ÃÕóÏóáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñÝ áõ with masks, waving black flags, bent on tried to locate lost family members. The same What was being in Turkey like? ·ñáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñÁ »ÝÃ³Ï³Û »Ý áñáß ËÙµ³·ñáõÙÇ: division and hate.” search is happening today, with the refugee I was very nervous going there, after öºîðàô²ð 2016 28 IJ. î²ðÆ, ÂÆô 124

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THE ARMENIAN GENOCIDE unique function organized by The Armenian Gregory Armenian Catholic Church of Toronto keynote speaker. cont. from page 19 General Sports Union (HMEM) and the chess organized a cultural evening on October 25th, 9. POM FILM FESTIVAL OF club, took place at the Armenian Community 2015 dedicated to Doctor of the Universal TORONTO: This year’s Pomegranate Film commemorate the Centennial of the Armenian Centre (ACC) on September 27th, 2015 in Church, Mystical philosopher and theologian Festival (POM) was dedicated to the Genocide, which took place on June 28th, memory of the victims of the Armenian as declared by Pope Francis. The Keynote Centennial of the Armenian Genocide. POM 2015 and presented Armenian popular songs Genocide. There were over 100 participants speaker and presenter was Rev. Father Andon was established in 2006 by the Hamaskayin and classics through the century. to the tournament both Armenians and non Atamian from Boston, USA Armenian Educational and Cultural Society 3. THE SILENT HEROES OF THE Armenian players, including one grand master 8. WORLD TEACHERS DAY: On with a group of young Armenian professionals, ARMENIAN GENOCIDE: On September 12th, and Canadian championship participants. The October 30th, 2015 the World Teachers Day bound by passion for film and culture. 2015 there was a special lecture/presentation tournament was webcast live. was celebrated at the Holy Trinity Armenian Completing its 9th year, the week-long festival by Mr. Zaven Khanjian, Executive director of 6. A RUN TO REMEMBER: The Church M. Artinian Hall. The event was which ran from November 16th-22nd, 2015 is AMAA, on the subject of Intellectual victims Armenian General Sport Union (HMEM) organized by the Armenian Certified Teachers a unique community event celebrating of the Armenian Genocide, and its effect on participates in the SCOTIA BANK TORONTO Association of Ontario (ACTAO). During the Armenian inspired films. This year’s selected the Armenian Nation. The event was organized WATERFRONT MARATHON every year. This event, our Armenian Genocide Scholars Dr. films and documentaries were those inspired by the Armenian Evangelical Church of year the Armenian participants ran and walked Isabel Kaprielian-Churchill, Dr. Alan Whitehorn, by the Armenian Genocide. Toronto. in memory of the victims of the Armenian Dr. Lorne Shirinian and Mr. George Shirinian 10. ARMENIAN HERITAGE DAY: A 4. THE LIFE OF ARMENIAN Genocide. On October 18th, 2015 at 6:30 in were Honoured for their dedicated Genocide celebration organized by Armenian Relief COMMUNITIES IN RUSSIA: GEORGIA AND the morning the buses left the Armenian scholarly works. Society Rubina Chapter of Toronto (HOM). ABKHAZIA: a lecture by Very Reverent Dr. Community Centre to the Waterfront Marathon A special presentation commemorating The event was dedicated to the Centennial of Levon Levonian, who presented the Life of Site; over 300 Members of the community the educators who perished during the the Armenian Genocide, and the celebrated our Armenian Communities in Russia, Georgia took part in this year’s event the largest Armenian Genocide was made by young the art and culture of 10 provinces and cities and Abkhazia. The function was organized by contingent of any communities participating members of ACTAO. Mr. Mher Karakashian, of Western Armenia. The event was held on the Armenian Evangelical Church of Toronto. in the Marathon. Chairman of the Armenian Genocide December 5th, 2015 at the Armenian 5. CHESS TO REMEMBER: This 7. ST. GREGORY NAREGATSI: St. Centennial Committee of Canada, was the Community Centre. öºîðàô²ð 2016 32 IJ. î²ðÆ, ÂÆô 124