Akhtamar on Line

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Akhtamar on Line 1 Anno 14 Numero 280 1 marzo 2019 — CIV M.Y. Akhtamar on line In Armenia un mese intero per festeggiare le donne Oriana Fallaci diceva: “Essere donna è così affascinante. È un'avventura che richiede un tale coraggio, online una sfida che non annoia mai”. E per le donne armene le sfide non sono certo mancate. Sono state regine, principesse medievali, mogli e madri devote, attiviste, custodi della memoria e valorose guerriere a fianco degli uomini, ma anche sole a difendere le loro case e le loro famiglie. E se nel mondo la Festa della Donna è fissata in un solo giorno, l’8 marzo, in Armenia dura per un intero mese. Un mese per sottolineare l’importante ruolo delle donne nella società, per rivendicare i loro diritti, per promuovere l’uguaglianza di genere e la loro emancipazione. In Armenia la donna fu celebrata, per la prima volta, il 28 febbraio 1909 e poi l'8 marzo. Con il crollo dell'Unione Sovietica, accanto a questa celebrazione, si è aggiunta anche quella di conno- tazione religiosa del 7 aprile, dedicata alla maternità e alla bellezza. È per questo che, in Armenia, la donna viene commemorata per un mese, dall'8 marzo al 7 aprile. E la Terra di Hayk è uno dei pochi Paesi che in calendario, come festività di Stato, ha la data della Festa della Donna. Nel 1991, dopo la dichiarazione di indipendenza della Repubblica d’Armenia, l'8 marzo era stato rimosso dal calendario come ricorrenza e l'8 aprile, invece del 7, era stata proclamata la Giornata della maternità e della bellezza. Nel 2001, con la nuova legge sulle vacanze e le giornate commemorative, l'8 marzo è stato ripristinato nel calendario come festività, ma il mese dedicato alle donne prosegue WWW.COMUNITAARMENA.IT comunque fino al 7 aprile. (segue in ultima) Sommario Donne in Armenia 1-6 Bollettino interno La fiaba della dokhtur 2-3 La voce dell’Artsakh 4 di Inaugurato Holiday Inn a Yerevan 5 Qui Armenia 5 azione armena Akhtamar 2 Akhtamar on line La fiaba della “dokhtur” in Artsakh La vita è una fiaba fatta di due parti: gli anni della guerra in Artsakh e gli anni che la seguirono. Questo è come la Co- lonella Aida Serobyan, chiamata dokhtur (dottoressa, NdR) sui campi di battaglia, guarda indietro alla sua esperienza- viaggio. Aida andò in Artsakh con l’intenzione di rimanerci due mesi, ma finì per rima- nere per due anni fino alla fine della guerra. Durante quegli anni fu ferita quattro volte, prese parte alla liberazione di Karvajar, Aghdam, Horadiz, Zangelan e Jabrayil, arrivando fino a Minjavan, sulle sponde del fiume Arax dove «si lavò le mani impregnate di sangue». Aida aveva 36 anni in piena guerra in Artsakh nel 1992. Lavorava nel Policlini- co n.2 e contemporaneamente stava imparando il primo soccorso nella Casa della Cultura del Ministero dell’Interno (in Armenia, NdR). Ricordo che «un giorno, al mio rientro a casa dal lavoro, vidi un servizio televisivo di emergenza. Mi avvicinai al televisore. Annunciavano che serviva personale medico in Arzakh». Dopo una notte in- sonne, il mattino seguente, invece di andare al Policlinico, Aida si recò al Ministero della Salute, chiedendo loro di mandarla in Artsakh per due mesi. Della decisione di Aida ne erano a co- noscenza solo i suoi colleghi. Sua mam- ma e i tre figli pensavano che fosse stata inviata a lavorare in un centro benessere della città spa di Jermuk. Aida dice «mia mamma era felice e nello stesso tempo sorpresa di come avessero scelto me su 340 persone. Fortunatamente, non si rese conto che stavo andando in guerra». Prima che lei partisse, la mamma le regalò una gran tazza così da poter bere tutti i giorni l’acqua curati- va di Jermuk. Fino alla creazione dell’Armata di Dife- ferite fossero state a rischio di vita, li portavo, Indossando i suoi alti tacchi, Aida partì sa dell’Artsakh, settembre 1992, Aida personalmente, nell’ospedale da campo, oppure per Martakert. La sua famiglia venne a serviva la brigata partigiana nella regione li mandavo con un mezzo di trasporto affinché sapere della sua destinazione mesi dopo. di Martakert. Alla creazione delle Forze potessi continuare a combattere». Una dei loro vicini, avendo visto Aida in Armate, passò a servire il reggimento di Aida fu la prima ad essere premiata nel televisione, corse verso casa loro per Martakert, e a seguito della decisione del 1993 con la medaglia “Gratitudine ma- avvertirli dell’accaduto, malgrado ciò, la Ministro della Difesa, fu trasferita nel terna al coraggio”, fatta con una raccolta mamma di Aida non le credette insisten- Servizio di salvataggio di Artsakh, che di pezzi di schegge del bombardamento do che la figlia fosse a Jermuk. Qualche aveva sei squadre di salvataggio ma non a Sushi. Aida dice: «Mi hanno chiamata e giorno dopo, la mamma vide sul giorna- personale medico. Aida ricorda: «Era portata dal campo di guerra al luogo dei palaz- le una foto della figlia la cui didascalia molto pericoloso perché i primi soccorritori erano zi di Stepanakert. Onestamente ero leggermente diceva: “Un cucciolo di leone è un leo- obbligati a rimanere sul campo di battaglia, con spaventata quando mi dissero che ad una certa ne, che sia maschio o femmina.” armi alla mano. Quando qualcuno era ferito, ora di una certa data sarei dovuta essere in posavo la mia arma e curavo le ferite. Se le Stepanakert. Ero preoccupata perché pensavo ANNO 14 NUMERO 280 Pagina 2 3 Akhtamar on line mi dovessero portare brutte notizie da casa». L’instabilità e l’orrore del campo di insolito. Sorride ricordando quando una Aida ricorda che le battaglie erano così guerra non spense il desiderio di Aida di volta la scambiarono con un uomo. «Era infuocate da non rendersi conto se il vedere la bellezza e vedere le primavere da più di un anno che non avevo notizie da casa» nuovo anno fosse superato: «Nel dicembre in ogni cosa. Ricorda pure che negli dice. «Sistemai i feriti e decisi di andare in un 1992 ebbero luogo pesanti battaglie a Marta- anni della guerra quanto fosse affascina- posto militare. Ero sovra pensiero quando kert». Lottavano dal mattino alla sera. Di ta dalla naturale bellezza dell’Artsakh, e all’improvviso sentii qualcuno dire, “zio, zio, mi colpo la battaglia si fermò. Uno dei ragaz- come riusciva a risvegliare in lei germo- daresti una pallottola?” Mi giro e vedo che era zi chiese «Dokhtur, che giorno è oggi? Risposi, gli di speranza: «Ricordo che era la fine di una bimba di cinque anni. La bimba aveva la onestamente non so più né che giorno né che mese febbraio. La neve si era sciolta e stavamo a- conoscenza che solo gli uomini vanno in guerra». è. So solo che siamo nel 1992». Poco lontano, spettando nuovi ordini per andare avanti. Dove Le notizie riguardanti Aida iniziarono a uno dei ragazzi disse: «Dokhtur, siamo nel la neve si era sciolta, nacquero fiori. Presi un circolare così velocemente che i bambini 1993 da cinque giorni». mazzetto di fiori e arrivò l’ordine di andare non solo crearono racconti su di lei ma Fortezza e bellezza inespugnabili. avanti. Misi i fiori nella tasca della giacca erano rammaricati a non averla conosciu- Dovevano liberare il villaggio di Kusa- della mia uniforme. Quando perdemmo la ta. pat che si trovava su una collina. Le forze prima vittima, un giovane di 19/20 anni, Ricorda un’altra storia divertente che armene furono costrette a ritirarsi varie presi questi fiori e li misi nella tasca della sua aveva a che fare con i bambini. «Un giorno volte, riuscirono a controllare solo cinque uniforme. Ancora oggi mi domando che cosa a Stepanakert, due piccoli maschietti che stavano piccoli villaggi, uno di questi era quello di avessero pensato all’obitorio. Avranno pensato camminando verso di me e siccome parlavano ad Vank, dove il monastero di Gandzasr è che glieli mise la sua innamorata; non avrebbe- alta voce, ascoltai la loro conversazione da lonta- arroccato sulla collina. Aida ricorda che ro mai potuto pensare che la responsabile di no. Uno diceva, “Senti, lei è dokhtur, che è venu- «Gli azeri dissero che se fossero stati capaci di quel gesto era un dottore e non un familiare». ta dall’Armenia e sta combattendo per noi. Il suo occupare Gandzasar, l’Arzakh avrebbe smesso Il 1° gennaio 1994, trasferirono Aida amico, volendo esagerare, disse che mi conosceva di esistere. Facemmo un giuramento in Gandza- dal Servizio Salvataggio dell’Artsakh al molto bene e aggiunse “si, la conosco. Lei è kara- sar, non avremmo indietreggiato di un passo 52° battaglione del reggimento di Shu- teka». dalla Chiesa. Se gli Azeri dovessero entrare in shi, in qualità di dottore. Più tardi, fino Durante la guerra, Aida e le sue compa- Gandzasar, sarebbero dovuti passare sopra i al 20 maggio 1994, partecipò alle batta- gne soldato, si promisero che in caso una nostri corpi». Aida e i suoi compagni in glie per la liberazione di Martakert. di esse fosse morta sul campo di battaglia, armi resero Gandzasar inespugnabile «Ci trovavamo nella nostra posizione a Avan il resto del gruppo si sarebbe presa cura riuscendo pure a modificare le loro posi- Seysulan, quando uno dei soldati urlò: della sua famiglia. Oggi queste donne zioni più avanti. Durante la liberazione di “Dokhtur!” Risposi “Ei!” Urlò, sono ancora in contatto. Avendo visto Kusapat, Monte Melkonian raggiunse “congratulazioni, la guerra è finita». quante di loro vivono in condizioni diffi- Aida e i suoi amici con numerosi carri Aida fa notare che ai tempi, vedere cili, Aida decise di creare una Organizza- armati.
Recommended publications
  • Torontohye124-February-Cmprs-2016.Pdf
    IJ. î³ñÇ ÂÇõ 4 (124), öºîðàô²ð 2016 Volume 11, No. 4 (124), February 2016 Øß³ÏáõóÛÇÝ, ÀÝÏ»ñ³ÛÇÝ, ²Ûɳ½³Ý ä³ñµ»ñ³Ã»ñà Toronto Armenian Community Newspaper êáõñdzѳۻñáõ ÂáñáÝÃû ijٳÝáõÙÁ ÎÁ Þ³ñáõݳÏáõÇ Ð³Û Î»¹ñáÝÁ ²é³õ»É³·áÛÝë Æ ¶áñÍ ÏÁ ¸Ý¿ Æñ γñ»ÉáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñÁ êáõñÇ³Ñ³Û Ù³ÝáõÏ ÙÁª ÌÝݹ»³Ý ѳõ³ùÇ ¶³ÕÃ³Ï³Ý³Ï³Ý Ð³ñó»ñáõ ¶ñ³ë»Ý»³ÏÇ Ï³Ù³õáñ »ñÇï³ë³ñ¹Ý»ñ êáõñdzѳۻñáõ ѳٳñ CABC-Ç Ï³½Ù³Ï»ñå³Í Job Fair-Ç ³ï»Ý Ï°û·Ý»Ý ëáõñdzѳۻñáõ ÃáõÕûñáõ å³ïñ³ëïáõû³Ý ³ß˳ï³ÝùÇÝ: Ù³ëݳÏÇóÝ»ñ: Ð³Û Î»¹ñáÝÇ ¶³ÕÃ³Ï³Ý³Ï³Ý Ýáõñ ¹Å·áÑáõÃÇõݪ ·³Ý³ï³Ï³Ý Ï»³Ý- ñ»ÏÝ»ñáõÝ óáõóÙáõÝùÝ»ñ ÏÁ ïñáõÇÝ Ý³»õ Ëûë»Éáíª§Ø»ñ ѳÛÏ³Ï³Ý í³ñųñ³ÝÇ Ð³ñó»ñáõ ¶ñ³ë»Ý»³ÏÁ (ACC-SAH) ³Ûë ùÇ, Û³ïϳå¿ë ·áñÍÇ å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñáõÝ úÝóñÇáÛÇ ÁÝÓ»é³Í ³éáÕç³å³Ñ³- ³ß³Ï»ñï ÁݹáõÝ»Éáõ ϳñáÕáõÃÇõÝÁ ³ñ- ûñ»ñáõÝ Ù»ÕáõÇ ÷»Ã³ÏÇ å¿ë ÏÁ µ³ÝǪ ѳݹ¿å: ÀݹѳÝñ³å¿ë ¶³Ý³ï³ Ý»ñ- Ï³Ý Íñ³·ÇñÝ»ñáõ Ù³ëÇÝ, ÇÝùݳ߳ñÅ ¹¿Ý ³ÙµáÕç³ó³Í ¿: ²é³çÇÝ »ÏáÕÝ»ñÁ ûñÝ Ç µáõÝ£ ·³ÕÃáÕ ÙÁ Ñá·»å¿ë »õ Ùï³å¿ë å³ï- ùß»Éáõ ³ñïûݳ·ñÇ, å»ï³Ï³Ý ÁÝï³- ³ñ¹¿Ý ï»Õ³õáñáõ»ó³Ý ¹åñáóÇÝ Ù¿çª Ø¿Ï ÏáÕÙ¿` ¶ñ³ë»Ý»³ÏÇ å³ï³ë- ñ³ëïáõ³Í Ï°ÁÉÉ³Û ·³Ý³ï³Ï³Ý Ï»³Ý- Ý»Ï³Ý Û³ïϳóáõÙÝ»ñ¿Ý û·ïáõ»Éáõ »õ ³ÛÉ ³Ýí׳é Ï»ñåáí¦, ÏÁ µ³ó³ïñ¿ ²µ·³ñ ˳ݳïáõݪ ÈáñÇÏ Î³ñåáõß»³Ý ¶³- ùÇ Ï»Ýó³Õ³ÛÇÝ å³Ñ³ÝçÝ»ñáõÝ, ë³- ͳé³ÛáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñáõ Ù³ëÇÝ: ØÇñ³ù»³Ýª ¶³ÕÃ³Ï³Ý³Ï³Ý Ð³ñó»- ÃÁñ×»³Ý Ï°³ÙµáÕç³óÝ¿ Ýáñ Å³Ù³Ý³Í Ï³ÛÝ, ³Ûë ·³ÕóϳÝÝ»ñáõ (refugees) ÚáõÝáõ³ñÇÝ ¶ñ³ë»Ý»³ÏÁ` ·áñͳÏ- ñáõ Û³ÝÓݳËáõÙµÇÝ ³ï»Ý³å»ïÁ: §ÎÁ ëáõñdzѳۻñáõ å»ï³Ï³Ý ³ñӳݳ·- å³ñ³·³Ý ï³ñµ»ñ ¿ñ ³ÛÝ ÇÙ³ëïáí, ó³µ³ñ ê.
    [Show full text]
  • REPORT on Physical Audit of Construction Projects for 2016 “Hayastan” All Armenian Fund
    "NORASHEN" design and technology production cooperative REPORT on physical audit of construction projects for 2016 “Hayastan” All Armenian Fund Yerevan – 2017 Report on physical audit of construction projects of “Hayastan” All-Armenian Fund for 2016 Table of Content Name of the construction project Page REPORT (general provisions) on physical audit of construction projects of “Hayastan” All Armenian Fund for 2016 4 1. Reconstruction works of RA Yerevan city musical school named after P. Tchaykovskiy 7 2. Reconstruction works of RA Armavir region Nalbandyan village secondary school 14 3. Construction of RA Tavush marz Khachardzan village secondary school gym 21 4. Reconstruction works of RA Tavush marz Khachardzan village water supply system 28 5. Construction of RA Tavush marz Baghanis community irrigation system 32 6. Renovation works of RA Tavush marz Kirants, Yenokavan, Lusadzor, Nerqin Tsaghkavan, Sarigyugh, Sevqar communities roads leading to distant pastures 35 7. Construction works of the oncological center in NKR Stepanakert city 39 8. Reconstruction works of the school No. 9 in NKR Stepanakert city and renovation works of the garden 46 9. Construction of NKR Martuni region Sos village 300-seat secondary school 51 10. Construction works of NKR Martakert region Kochoghut village 150-seat assembly house 59 11. Construction of NKR Shushi region Qarin tak village 50-seat kindergarten 66 12. Construction of a house for G. and L. Avanesyans in NKR Martakert region Martakert town 71 13. Construction of a house for I. Hovsepyan and R. Sahakyan in NKRAskeran region Avetaranots village 75 14. Construction of a house for T. and M. Baghdasaryans in NKR Martuni region Chartar village 78 15.
    [Show full text]
  • Coi Chronology
    COI CHRONOLOGY Country of Origin ARMENIA, AZERBAIJAN Main subject The course of the Nagorno-Karabakh armed conflict and its impact on the civilian population Date of completion 10 November 2020 Disclaimer This chronology note has been elaborated according to the EASO COI Report Methodology and EASO Writing and Referencing Guide. The information provided in this chronology has been researched, evaluated and processed with utmost care within a limited time frame. All sources used are referenced. A quality review has been performed in line with the above mentioned methodology. This document does not claim to be exhaustive neither conclusive as to the merit of any particular claim to international protection. If a certain event, person or organisation is not mentioned in the report, this does not mean that the event has not taken place or that the person or organisation does not exist. Terminology used should not be regarded as indicative of a particular legal position. The information in this chronology does not necessarily reflect the opinion of EASO and makes no political statement whatsoever. The target audience is caseworkers, COI researchers, policy makers, and asylum decision-making authorities. The chronology was finalised on 10 November 2020 and will be updated according to the development of the situation in the region. COI CHRONOLOGY Background Nagorno-Karabakh is a mountainous landlocked region within the borders of Azerbaijan1 and is mainly inhabited by ethnic Armenians.2 Recognized under international law as a part of Azerbaijan,
    [Show full text]
  • Armenia-Fund-Annual-Report-2005.Pdf
    I believe we are the most fortunate generation of Armenians in a thousand years. I know that many people will be astounded by that statement. All of us are painfully aware of how difficult the last 15 years have been for the people of Armenia and Nagorno-Karabakh. Despite all the difficulties that all of us are aware of, it is important for us to appreciate the efforts of the greater Armenian-American Diaspora in rebuilding the Homeland. After nearly a thousand years of foreign domination and ninety years after the genocide of our people, we are not only still here. But we are here and given the privilege and the right that so many have struggled for, to build a new nation, a new Armenia that we can all be proud of. Armenia Fund has been the primary conduit of such efforts of the Armenian-American Diaspora. With a strong supporter base in the Western United States, Armenia Fund has overcome challenges in the homeland by meeting urgent needs and cementing long term developments. Thanks to its global network of affiliates in more than 19 countries, Armenia Fund continues to bring together individuals, major com- munity organizations and share the common goal of providing a secure future for the Armenian nation. Our efforts were clearly shown, once again, during our 2005 Telethon when we registered the highest rate of participation amongst members of the public. This demonstrated, yet again, that Armenia Fund remains the premier non-profit humanitarian organization in rendering vital infrastructure development projects in Armenia and Karabakh.
    [Show full text]
  • Artsakhreport-RS ENG.Pdf
    Report on Short-term Observation of the Elections of Local Self-government Bodies in the Republic of Artsakh on 8 September 2019 “Union of Informed Citizens Stepanakert Office” NGO Stepanakert 2019 The observation mission of the local self-government body elections in the Republic of Artsakh held on 8 September 2019 and compilation of the current report have been conducted within the framework of the grant awarded by the Government of the Republic of Armenia (RA). Viewpoints expressed in the following Report may be contrary to those of the funding body. 3 Contents Introduction 5 Accessibility and Furnishing of the Polling Stations 6 Morning Session of Commission 7 Voting Process 9 Situation in the Polling Station Surroundings during the Voting Process 11 Calculation of Election Results 12 Media Monitoring 13 Summary 22 Recommendations 22 4 Introduction On 8 September 2019, during the elections of local self-government bodies in the Republic of Artsakh, a short-term observation mission was held in 40 polling stations by the “Union of Informed Citizens Stepanakert Office” in cooperation with the “Union of Informed Citizens” NGO. To examine the situation outside the polling stations as well as to prevent and settle problems in individual stations, 5 mobile observation groups were involved visiting 70 polling stations. 90 observers, 5 lawyers, 9 recorders and other specialists were engaged in the mission. Training for 100 observers was conducted within the scope the observation mission. In addition, trainings for police officers were organized jointly with the Police of the Republic of Artsakh. Furthermore, training videos for voters were made and broadcast on Artsakh television.
    [Show full text]
  • War Crimes and International
    PHOTOLURE/ Hayk Baghdasaryan The publication became possible thanks to the support of World Federalist Movement/Institute for Global Policy. The opinions expressed in our published works are those of the author(s) and do not reflect the opinions of World Federalist Movement/Institute for Global Policy. YEREVAN, 2021 Introduction The first day of the ceasefire agreement, November 10, 2020, stopped the 44-day aggression of Turkey-Azerbaijan alliance against the unrecognized, small Republic of Nagorno Karabakh. A young woman journalist from Nagorno Karabakh wrote on her Facebook page: “I went to kiss the walls of my Amaras1 monastery, as I know I will never see it again.” That first day of peace, many people drove to visit the Dadivank2 monastery for the last time, to bid farewell to the spiritual treasure that was an inseparable part of their historic, centuries-old identity as Armenians of Nagorno Karabakh. People were confident that in only a few days, they would no longer be able to visit any of their national treasures so dear to their hearts—treasures of intellectual history that they grew up with. The videos broadcast and shared by Azeri soldiers over the internet showed them standing on the Green Church3, taking off the cross, and destroying the bell tower. It left the local Armenian population with very little hope for the preservation of the sites. The newly drawn map had handed over to Azerbaijan the control of these national treasures, dear to their hearts and part of their geographic landscape of historical monuments. As is true for all world nations, the lives of Armenians can’t be separated from their intellectual, cultural heritage.
    [Show full text]
  • “We Will Stay Here Forever”
    “We will stay here forever” A sense of belonging in landmine affected territories of Nagorno-Karabakh Pia Ferner “We will stay here forever” A sense of belonging in landmine affected territories of Nagorno-Karabakh January 2016 Pia Ferner Master International Development Studies Disaster Studies (SDC) SDC-80733 Supervisor: Gemma van der Haar Abstract The aim of this thesis is to gain insight into reasons why Karabakh Armenian settlers choose to settle and live in landmine affected areas of Nagorno-Karabakh, in the South Caucasus. War in the region has ceased in 1994 and enabled Karabakh Armenians to live in the contested territories, now characterized by frozen conflict, despite a continued presence of landmines. I applied an ethnographic research approach to explore meaning making processes of local settlers on their living situation and their readings of landmines. The village of Karegah served as main location for in-depth research and qualitative interviews. A theoretical exploration of the framing on landmines provides basis for a discussion of local settlers perception of landmines and how this relates to humanitarian framings. Theoretical notions of identity and belonging are further explored as aspects that turned out to be of particular relevance for Karabakh Armenians in their accounts of reading and coping with landmines in their living environment. It becomes clear that perceptions of risk are not taking place outside of identity narratives. Risks emanating from landmine contamination tend to be seen as low concern, instead highlighting the importance of Armenian settlers local presence, ascribing further meaning to territory. These findings gain significance in the broader context of conflict resolution.
    [Show full text]
  • Nagorno Karabakh Geo-Politics: Interests and Politics of Outsiders
    The Nagorno Karabakh Conflict. Causes of the conflict and obstacles to conflict resolution. Item Type Thesis Authors Nikkar-Esfahani, Hamidreza Rights <a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by-nc-nd/3.0/"><img alt="Creative Commons License" style="border-width:0" src="http://i.creativecommons.org/l/by- nc-nd/3.0/88x31.png" /></a><br />The University of Bradford theses are licenced under a <a rel="license" href="http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/">Creative Commons Licence</a>. Download date 27/09/2021 12:21:20 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10454/5650 University of Bradford eThesis This thesis is hosted in Bradford Scholars – The University of Bradford Open Access repository. Visit the repository for full metadata or to contact the repository team © University of Bradford. This work is licenced for reuse under a Creative Commons Licence. The Nagorno Karabakh Conflict Causes of the conflict and obstacles to conflict resolution Hamidreza Nikkar-Esfahani Department of Peace Studies University of Bradford Submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy October 2009 Table of Contents Abstract ......................................................................................................................... vi Acknowledgments: ...................................................................................................... vii Common Abbreviations ............................................................................................. viii Introduction
    [Show full text]
  • The Issue of Nagorno-Karabakh in 1918-1920 and Great Britain
    YEREVAN STATE UNIVERSITY A. A. GHARIBYAN THE ISSUE OF NAGORNO-KARABAKH IN 1918-1920 AND GREAT BRITAIN Yerevan YSU Press 2014 2012 Guaranteed to publication by the Scientific Council of the Institute for Armenian Studies of Yerevan State University UDC 93/99 Gharibyan Alik The Issue of Nagorno-Karabakh in 1918-1920 and Great Britain Monograph / YSU; A. Gharibyan. – Yerevan. YSU edition – 274 p. In this work there are represented the events that took place in 1918- 1920 in a part of the Armenian Homeland – Artsakh. It is told about the collision of interests of the Superpowers in Transcaucasia at the end of the World War I and about the Turkish-Tatar ambitions towards the Armenian territories. In this monograph the key role is given to the Artsakh liberation struggle. A lot of archival documents are represented in the appendix, many of which haven’t still been put into scientific circulation. The book is addressed to the wide range of readers. ISBN 978-5-8084-1880-6 © YSU Press, 2014 © Gharibyan A., 2014 2 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION..................................................................................................... 5 CHAPTER 1 THE INTERESTS OF THE ALLIED COUNTRIES IN TRANSCAUCASIA AT THE END OF THE WORLD WAR I 1.1 The situation in Nagorno-Karabakh at the end of the World War I ................................................................................................ 7 1.2 The Turkish invasion in Transcaucasia and the plans of invading the region................................................................................................... 18 1.3 The clash of interests of the Allied countries in Transcaucasia at the end of the World War I.................................................................... 31 CHAPTER 2 THE ENTRY OF THE BRITISH TROOPS IN TRANSCAUCASIA AND THE AMBITIONS OF MUSAVAT AZERBAIJAN TOWARDS NAGORNO-KARABAKH 2.1 The entry of the British troops in Transcaucasia.
    [Show full text]
  • [ 2005 ] Part 1 Chapter 5 Europe and the Mediterranean
    458 Political and security questions Chapter V Political and security questions Europe and the Mediterranean In 2005, the restoration of peace and stability in and Separation of Forces (Moscow Agreement). the post-conflict countries of Europe and the However, the complex political situations be- Mediterranean gained momentum as the ad- tween the two sides prevailed, as evidenced by vances made in re-establishing their institutions Georgia’s call for the withdrawal of the security and social and economic infrastructure were fur- forces of the Commonwealth of Independent ther consolidated. However, many political issues States and for a UN-led international force. and situations remained unresolved. No progress was made towards a settlement of Bosnia and Herzegovina, with the assistance the conflict between Armenia and Azerbaijan of the international community, led by the Euro- over the Nagorny Karabakh region in Azerbaijan. pean Union (EU), continued to reform its institu- In the Mediterranean, the situation in Cyprus tions, allowing it to meet the requirements of the remained unresolved, following the failed 2004 EU Stabilization and Association Process and the peace efforts. The Secretary-General, having as- North Atlantic Treaty Organization Partnership sessed the situation, determined that progress for Peace Programme, and thus move closer to had been negligible between the Greek Cypriots full integration into Europe. and the Turkish Cypriots, and concluded that In Kosovo (Serbia and Montenegro), the further clarifications were needed before negoti- United Nations continued to assist in building ations could be resumed. He also reviewed the a modern, multi-ethnic society through the mandate and concept of operations of the United United Nations Interim Administration Mission Nations Force in Cyprus.
    [Show full text]
  • Protection of Armenian Cultural Heritage of the Republik of Artsakh
    13.11.2020 Protection of Armenian cultural heritage of the Republik of Artsakh The German-Armenian Lawyers' Association (Association) has been continuously following the war in Artsakh (Nagorno-Karabakh) since September 27, 2020 and is actively documenting and reporting international humanitarian law violations. Based on the Association Statute as a non-profit organization, our mandate includes not only the documentation and reporting of human rights violations, war crimes and the violation of international humanitarian law by the Azerbaijani armed forces in this context, but also the reporting of imminent and accordingly still preventable crimes. Since September 27th, our association provides legal reviews and analyses on the events relating to the war in Artsakh. Committed to our statutory objectives, we called on to politicians, society as well as public and non-public institutions and informed about war crimes, the international human rights and humanitarian law violations after profound research and evaluation of the facts. Due to the current situation that 80% of Artsakh territory falls under the control of the Republic of Azerbaijan, cultural property/heritage have to be left behind and are thus threatened by imminent destruction. The Republic of Artsakh has an Armenian rich cultural and religious heritage. There are over 80 Armenian-apostolic churches and monasteries in the Republic of Artsakh, which were built in different centuries.1 These cultural and natural heritage sites are currently under threat according to the UNESCO fall into and protected under Articles 1 and 2 of the World Heritage Convention. It is proven that these properties are built different periods of the Armenian architecture, culture and sepulchral culture.
    [Show full text]
  • Erdogan Overplays His Hand ERDOGAN, from Page 1 East
    MAY 21, 2016 Mirror-SpeTHE ARMENIAN ctator Volume LXXXVI, NO. 44, Issue 4438 $ 2.00 NEWS The First English Language Armenian Weekly in the United States Since 1932 INBRIEF Aleppo Attacks Leave Erdogan 200 Christians Dead ALEPPO (Bos News Life) — Sustained rocket Overplays attacks in the last two weeks have left up to 200 Christians dead, workers at Barnabas Fund said. When 1,350 rockets hit the Christian area in Aleppo from April 22 to April 30, 132 individuals were killed, His Hand half of them were women and children. On May 3, another 65 died in the rocket attacks and hundreds were left injured, the aid group added. By Muriel Mirak-Weissbach Barnabas Fund said 35 of the victims who died last week were being treated at the Dabbit Hospital Special to the Mirror-Spectator when a rocket destroyed the place. Two of the patients died on the operating table. The explosion BERLIN — There are good reasons to also partially damaged another hospital in the area, believe that on June 2, the German causing it to close down. A Christian insider said Bundestag (Parliament) will vote up a only 16 out of the 134 hospitals in Aleppo are func- resolution recognizing the Armenian tioning after the recent attacks. Genocide. The government coalition While many of the rocket attacks were carried out by President Serzh Sargsyan giving an interview on the way back to Armenia aboard the presi- parties, Christian Democratic Union Syrian or Russian forces against opposition groups, dential plane. and Christian Socialist Union (CDU- Barnabas Fund said Islamic Rebel groups had threat- CSU) and Social Democratic Party ened to wipe out Armenian Christians in the area.
    [Show full text]