Экология И Распространение Диких Кабанов (Sus Scrofa Linnaeus, 1758) В Предгорьях Мартакертского Района Республики Арцах В

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Экология И Распространение Диких Кабанов (Sus Scrofa Linnaeus, 1758) В Предгорьях Мартакертского Района Республики Арцах В Амурский зоологический журнал, 2021, т. XIII, № 2 Amurian Zoological Journal, 2021, vol. XIII, no. 2 www.azjournal.ru https://www.doi.org/10.33910/2686-9519-2021-13-2-154-161 http://zoobank.org/References/975C6E72-1BE4-455A-B13A-E6CA070CD0A4 УДК 599.591.731 Экология и распространение диких кабанов (Sus scrofa Linnaeus, 1758) в предгорьях Мартакертского района Республики Арцах В. Т. Айрапетян1, А. Дж. Минасян2 1 ГНКО «Биосферный комплекс “Зеленый Арцах”», ул. Сасунци Давида, д. 15, г. Степанакерт, Республика Арцах 2 Арцахский государственный университет, ул. Мхитара Гоша, 5, г. Степанакерт, Республика Арцах Сведения об авторах Аннотация. Впервые проводятся исследования относительно экологии Айрапетян Вайрам Торикович и распространения диких кабанов в предгорной зоне Мартакертского E-mail: [email protected] района Республики Арцах, результаты которых приводятся в настоящей SPIN-код: 6301-1261 работе. Исследования проводились нами с 1999 г. по настоящее время. Минасян Асмик Джумшудовна Методами экологического наблюдения, а также с использованием E-mail: [email protected] фотоловушек и навигатора GPSmap 62stc нами получены данные о SPIN-код: 7527-5972 численности, образе жизни, типах активности, экологии и биологии этих животных. Количество кабанов остается относительно стабильным, что, скорее всего, обеспечивается их высокой плодовитостью. Массовому сокращению численности кабанов способствует распространение африканской чумы, нерегулируемая охота, браконьерство, а также вырубка лесов и лесные пожары. Пищевыми конкурентами кабанов являются травоядные млекопитающие. Опасными для них считаются Права: © Авторы (2021). Опублико- вано Российским государственным хищные млекопитающие и люди. педагогическим университетом им. Ключевые слова: кабаны, поросята, экология, численность, А. И. Герцена. Открытый доступ на пищевые конкуренты, динамика ареалов, парнокопытные, высокая условиях лицензии CC BY-NC 4.0. плодовитость. The ecology and distribution of wild boars (Sus scrofa Linnaeus, 1758) in the foothills of the Martakert Region of the Republic of Artsakh V. T. Hayrapetyan1, A. Dzh. Minasyan2 1 Green Artsakh Biosphere Complex, 38 Shinararner Str., Stepanakert, Republic of Artsakh 2 Artsakh State University, 5 Mkhitar Gosh Str., Stepanakert, Republic of Artsakh Authors Abstract. Up to this day, there is no reliable data on the ecology and biology Vahram T. Hayrapetyan of wild boars common in the fauna of the Republic of Artsakh. Given that E-mail: [email protected] wild boars are game animals, they are considered a vulnerable species. The SPIN: 6301-1261 paper presents the results of the first study in the ecology and distribution of Asmik Dzh. Minasyan wild boars in the foothill of the Martakert Region of the Republic of Artsakh. E-mail: [email protected] The territories for the study were not a random choice as they take into SPIN: 7527-5972 account both survival and stress factors. The study started in 1999 and is still on. The authors used environmental monitoring, camera traps and GPSmap 62stc to obtain data on the population, lifestyle, types of activity, ecology and biology of wild boars. The number of wild boars remains relatively stable, which is, most likely, due to their high fecundity. A massive reduction in the population of wild boars is driven by the spread of African plague, unregulated hunting, poaching, as well as deforestation and forest fires. Wild boars are mostly sedentary species. They are omnivores. The ratio of plant and animal food varies depending on the season and environmental conditions. Food competitors are represented by herbivorous mammals. Wild boars are prolific. Copyright: © The Authors (2021). The main danger to wild boars is posed by carnivorous mammals and humans. Published by Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia. Open access under Keywords: wild boars, pigs, ecology, population, food competitors, range CC BY-NC License 4.0. dynamics, artiodactyls, high fecundity. 154 В. Т. Айрапетян, А. Дж. Минасян Введение ное время суток, что позволило выяснить виды деятельности кабанов. Выяснение особенностей рационально- Основными методами исследования го использования животного мира, расчет экологии животных являлись: изучение численности животных в природных си- их следов, регистрация результатов жиз- стемах, территориальное распределение, недеятельности с целью определения на- характеристики роста и развития и ряд правлений их передвижения, а также их других основополагающих вопросов были отслеживание. Для охоты на животных ис- и остаются в центре внимания зоологов пользовались самодельные и стационар- всего мира. В этом отношении дикие каба- ные клетки и сети, которые размещались в ны занимают уникальное место как в при- ранее изученных местах их скопления. родных системах, так и в жизни человека. Приманкой служили ячмень, пшеница В Арцахе, как и повсюду, кабаны считаются или кукуруза. Для нанесения меток ис- наиболее важным охотничьим ресурсом, пользовали несмываемую краску, иногда но, как ни парадоксально, нет окончатель- подрезали кончики ушей кабанов. Разре- ных данных о распространении, экологии занную часть уха животного обрабатывали и биологии этих животных. Это вызыва- раствором йода. Всего за время исследо- ет определенные сложности для создания вания мы идентифицировали 750 взрос- фундаментальной работы относительно лых хряков (360 самок и 390 самцов), из биологии данного вида. Мы пытаемся вос- которых 435 имели отрезанные нами ранее полнить некоторые пробелы в вышеупо- кончики уха, а на лбу и спине у 315 живот- мянутых вопросах и более подробно про- ных имелась метка, нанесенная несмывае- анализировать собранный нами материал мой краской. о динамике ареалов кабанов в Арцахе. В таблице 1 показано количество пой- Выбор места исследования не случаен. манных кабанов, которых мы дважды вы- Предгорная зона Мартакертского района, ловили и пометили в районах Тонашен, которая начинается на высоте 650–700 м Варнкатаг и Магавуз. над уровнем моря и простирается до 1000 м Для определения активности хряков в высоту, отличается своим уникальным было использовано 25 фотоловушек (мо- биоразнообразием. Сформировавшиеся климатические условия и почвенный со- став этой зоны благоприятны для размно- жения, роста и развития кабанов. На ле- систых территориях этого района преоб- ладают дубовые, буковые и дикорастущие фруктовые и ягодные виды растений, ко- торые в течение круглого года обеспечива- ют животных кормом. Этому сопутствует также то обстоятельство, что в описывае- мом районе зима бывает мягкой, что осо- бенно проявляется в последние годы. Материал и методика Исследования проводились с 1999 г. по настоящее время в общинах Варнкатаг, То- нашен, Магавуз Мартакертского района Рис. 1. Карта района исследований: 1 — Республики Арцах (рис. 1). Тонашен; 2 — Варнкатаг; 3 — Магавуз Исследования в выбранных стациона- Fig. 1. Study area map: 1 — Tonashen; 2 — рах велись в разные сезоны года и в раз- Varnkatagh; 3 — Maghavuz Амурский зоологический журнал, 2021, т. XIII, № 2 155 Экология и распространение диких кабанов (Sus scrofa Linnaeus, 1758)... Таблица 1 Результаты пойманных и маркированных кабанов в общинах Тонашен, Варнкатаг и Магавуз в различные годы Table 1 The results of boar hunting and marking in the locations of Tonashen, Varnkatagh and Maghavuz in different years Результаты охоты, 1999 2002 2005 2009 2013 2016 2018 2020 маркировки Местообитание n = 122 n = 97 n = 100 n = 90 n = 97 n = 95 n = 77 n = 72 и визуального наблюдения Количество Тонашен 45 38 35 31 29 34 25 24 пойманных Варнкатаг 43 33 36 27 33 29 26 28 кабанов Магавуз 37 26 29 32 35 32 26 20 Количество Тонашен 31 29 21 26 15 17 10 9 меченых Варнкатаг 30 27 23 20 19 18 11 13 кабанов Магавуз 25 21 18 21 22 19 12 11 Количество Тонашен 4 2 5 6 7 4 3 2 повторно Варнкатаг 5 7 6 8 6 3 4 3 пойманных Магавуз 3 4 4 5 7 3 3 3 и меченых кабанов дели Victure, HC 200 и Leaf River DC-3BU), лесного хозяйства, пожилых охотников которые мы установили в местах обитания и местных жителей. Экологические на- кабанов. Данные фотоловушек мы собира- блюдения проводились с использованием ли каждые 15 дней и при необходимости классических методов, принятых в зооло- меняли их местоположение. Визуальные гии (Новиков 1953; Айрапетян 2014; Яв- наблюдения за поведением и активностью руян, Айрапетян 2003). Высоту мест оби- кабанов осуществлялись из укрытий. В тания всех изученных видов определяли тех же целях использовалась аппаратура по вертикальной зональности с помощью ночного видения (ПН-14К). Это дало воз- навигатора GPSmap 62stc. Для приблизи- можность познакомиться с сезонной ди- тельного расчета количества животных на намикой, направлениями передвижения, опушках использовались бинокли. особенностями активности социальных структур естественных групп кабанов. Мы Обсуждение результатов проанализировали суточную активность В фауне Арцаха кабаны считаются от- кабанов в местах их обитания на основа- носительно широко распространенными и нии полученных данных. Позже было под- крупными представителями отряда парно- считано количество зарегистрированных копытных, что, естественно, обусловлено животных в разное время суток (утро, пол- их высокой экологической гибкостью, вы- день, вечер, ночь). носливостью, ранней половой зрелостью, Исследования проводились в разное плодовитостью, всеядностью и невысокой время года и в различное время суток, что требовательностью к местообитанию. На позволило определить виды активности первый взгляд количество этих животных животных. С этой целью использовались кажется устойчивым, но в наших условиях, фотоловушки. Чтобы собрать данные
Recommended publications
  • Torontohye124-February-Cmprs-2016.Pdf
    IJ. î³ñÇ ÂÇõ 4 (124), öºîðàô²ð 2016 Volume 11, No. 4 (124), February 2016 Øß³ÏáõóÛÇÝ, ÀÝÏ»ñ³ÛÇÝ, ²Ûɳ½³Ý ä³ñµ»ñ³Ã»ñà Toronto Armenian Community Newspaper êáõñdzѳۻñáõ ÂáñáÝÃû ijٳÝáõÙÁ ÎÁ Þ³ñáõݳÏáõÇ Ð³Û Î»¹ñáÝÁ ²é³õ»É³·áÛÝë Æ ¶áñÍ ÏÁ ¸Ý¿ Æñ γñ»ÉáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñÁ êáõñÇ³Ñ³Û Ù³ÝáõÏ ÙÁª ÌÝݹ»³Ý ѳõ³ùÇ ¶³ÕÃ³Ï³Ý³Ï³Ý Ð³ñó»ñáõ ¶ñ³ë»Ý»³ÏÇ Ï³Ù³õáñ »ñÇï³ë³ñ¹Ý»ñ êáõñdzѳۻñáõ ѳٳñ CABC-Ç Ï³½Ù³Ï»ñå³Í Job Fair-Ç ³ï»Ý Ï°û·Ý»Ý ëáõñdzѳۻñáõ ÃáõÕûñáõ å³ïñ³ëïáõû³Ý ³ß˳ï³ÝùÇÝ: Ù³ëݳÏÇóÝ»ñ: Ð³Û Î»¹ñáÝÇ ¶³ÕÃ³Ï³Ý³Ï³Ý Ýáõñ ¹Å·áÑáõÃÇõݪ ·³Ý³ï³Ï³Ý Ï»³Ý- ñ»ÏÝ»ñáõÝ óáõóÙáõÝùÝ»ñ ÏÁ ïñáõÇÝ Ý³»õ Ëûë»Éáíª§Ø»ñ ѳÛÏ³Ï³Ý í³ñųñ³ÝÇ Ð³ñó»ñáõ ¶ñ³ë»Ý»³ÏÁ (ACC-SAH) ³Ûë ùÇ, Û³ïϳå¿ë ·áñÍÇ å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñáõÝ úÝóñÇáÛÇ ÁÝÓ»é³Í ³éáÕç³å³Ñ³- ³ß³Ï»ñï ÁݹáõÝ»Éáõ ϳñáÕáõÃÇõÝÁ ³ñ- ûñ»ñáõÝ Ù»ÕáõÇ ÷»Ã³ÏÇ å¿ë ÏÁ µ³ÝǪ ѳݹ¿å: ÀݹѳÝñ³å¿ë ¶³Ý³ï³ Ý»ñ- Ï³Ý Íñ³·ÇñÝ»ñáõ Ù³ëÇÝ, ÇÝùݳ߳ñÅ ¹¿Ý ³ÙµáÕç³ó³Í ¿: ²é³çÇÝ »ÏáÕÝ»ñÁ ûñÝ Ç µáõÝ£ ·³ÕÃáÕ ÙÁ Ñá·»å¿ë »õ Ùï³å¿ë å³ï- ùß»Éáõ ³ñïûݳ·ñÇ, å»ï³Ï³Ý ÁÝï³- ³ñ¹¿Ý ï»Õ³õáñáõ»ó³Ý ¹åñáóÇÝ Ù¿çª Ø¿Ï ÏáÕÙ¿` ¶ñ³ë»Ý»³ÏÇ å³ï³ë- ñ³ëïáõ³Í Ï°ÁÉÉ³Û ·³Ý³ï³Ï³Ý Ï»³Ý- Ý»Ï³Ý Û³ïϳóáõÙÝ»ñ¿Ý û·ïáõ»Éáõ »õ ³ÛÉ ³Ýí׳é Ï»ñåáí¦, ÏÁ µ³ó³ïñ¿ ²µ·³ñ ˳ݳïáõݪ ÈáñÇÏ Î³ñåáõß»³Ý ¶³- ùÇ Ï»Ýó³Õ³ÛÇÝ å³Ñ³ÝçÝ»ñáõÝ, ë³- ͳé³ÛáõÃÇõÝÝ»ñáõ Ù³ëÇÝ: ØÇñ³ù»³Ýª ¶³ÕÃ³Ï³Ý³Ï³Ý Ð³ñó»- ÃÁñ×»³Ý Ï°³ÙµáÕç³óÝ¿ Ýáñ Å³Ù³Ý³Í Ï³ÛÝ, ³Ûë ·³ÕóϳÝÝ»ñáõ (refugees) ÚáõÝáõ³ñÇÝ ¶ñ³ë»Ý»³ÏÁ` ·áñͳÏ- ñáõ Û³ÝÓݳËáõÙµÇÝ ³ï»Ý³å»ïÁ: §ÎÁ ëáõñdzѳۻñáõ å»ï³Ï³Ý ³ñӳݳ·- å³ñ³·³Ý ï³ñµ»ñ ¿ñ ³ÛÝ ÇÙ³ëïáí, ó³µ³ñ ê.
    [Show full text]
  • REPORT on Physical Audit of Construction Projects for 2016 “Hayastan” All Armenian Fund
    "NORASHEN" design and technology production cooperative REPORT on physical audit of construction projects for 2016 “Hayastan” All Armenian Fund Yerevan – 2017 Report on physical audit of construction projects of “Hayastan” All-Armenian Fund for 2016 Table of Content Name of the construction project Page REPORT (general provisions) on physical audit of construction projects of “Hayastan” All Armenian Fund for 2016 4 1. Reconstruction works of RA Yerevan city musical school named after P. Tchaykovskiy 7 2. Reconstruction works of RA Armavir region Nalbandyan village secondary school 14 3. Construction of RA Tavush marz Khachardzan village secondary school gym 21 4. Reconstruction works of RA Tavush marz Khachardzan village water supply system 28 5. Construction of RA Tavush marz Baghanis community irrigation system 32 6. Renovation works of RA Tavush marz Kirants, Yenokavan, Lusadzor, Nerqin Tsaghkavan, Sarigyugh, Sevqar communities roads leading to distant pastures 35 7. Construction works of the oncological center in NKR Stepanakert city 39 8. Reconstruction works of the school No. 9 in NKR Stepanakert city and renovation works of the garden 46 9. Construction of NKR Martuni region Sos village 300-seat secondary school 51 10. Construction works of NKR Martakert region Kochoghut village 150-seat assembly house 59 11. Construction of NKR Shushi region Qarin tak village 50-seat kindergarten 66 12. Construction of a house for G. and L. Avanesyans in NKR Martakert region Martakert town 71 13. Construction of a house for I. Hovsepyan and R. Sahakyan in NKRAskeran region Avetaranots village 75 14. Construction of a house for T. and M. Baghdasaryans in NKR Martuni region Chartar village 78 15.
    [Show full text]
  • Coi Chronology
    COI CHRONOLOGY Country of Origin ARMENIA, AZERBAIJAN Main subject The course of the Nagorno-Karabakh armed conflict and its impact on the civilian population Date of completion 10 November 2020 Disclaimer This chronology note has been elaborated according to the EASO COI Report Methodology and EASO Writing and Referencing Guide. The information provided in this chronology has been researched, evaluated and processed with utmost care within a limited time frame. All sources used are referenced. A quality review has been performed in line with the above mentioned methodology. This document does not claim to be exhaustive neither conclusive as to the merit of any particular claim to international protection. If a certain event, person or organisation is not mentioned in the report, this does not mean that the event has not taken place or that the person or organisation does not exist. Terminology used should not be regarded as indicative of a particular legal position. The information in this chronology does not necessarily reflect the opinion of EASO and makes no political statement whatsoever. The target audience is caseworkers, COI researchers, policy makers, and asylum decision-making authorities. The chronology was finalised on 10 November 2020 and will be updated according to the development of the situation in the region. COI CHRONOLOGY Background Nagorno-Karabakh is a mountainous landlocked region within the borders of Azerbaijan1 and is mainly inhabited by ethnic Armenians.2 Recognized under international law as a part of Azerbaijan,
    [Show full text]
  • Armenia-Fund-Annual-Report-2005.Pdf
    I believe we are the most fortunate generation of Armenians in a thousand years. I know that many people will be astounded by that statement. All of us are painfully aware of how difficult the last 15 years have been for the people of Armenia and Nagorno-Karabakh. Despite all the difficulties that all of us are aware of, it is important for us to appreciate the efforts of the greater Armenian-American Diaspora in rebuilding the Homeland. After nearly a thousand years of foreign domination and ninety years after the genocide of our people, we are not only still here. But we are here and given the privilege and the right that so many have struggled for, to build a new nation, a new Armenia that we can all be proud of. Armenia Fund has been the primary conduit of such efforts of the Armenian-American Diaspora. With a strong supporter base in the Western United States, Armenia Fund has overcome challenges in the homeland by meeting urgent needs and cementing long term developments. Thanks to its global network of affiliates in more than 19 countries, Armenia Fund continues to bring together individuals, major com- munity organizations and share the common goal of providing a secure future for the Armenian nation. Our efforts were clearly shown, once again, during our 2005 Telethon when we registered the highest rate of participation amongst members of the public. This demonstrated, yet again, that Armenia Fund remains the premier non-profit humanitarian organization in rendering vital infrastructure development projects in Armenia and Karabakh.
    [Show full text]
  • Artsakhreport-RS ENG.Pdf
    Report on Short-term Observation of the Elections of Local Self-government Bodies in the Republic of Artsakh on 8 September 2019 “Union of Informed Citizens Stepanakert Office” NGO Stepanakert 2019 The observation mission of the local self-government body elections in the Republic of Artsakh held on 8 September 2019 and compilation of the current report have been conducted within the framework of the grant awarded by the Government of the Republic of Armenia (RA). Viewpoints expressed in the following Report may be contrary to those of the funding body. 3 Contents Introduction 5 Accessibility and Furnishing of the Polling Stations 6 Morning Session of Commission 7 Voting Process 9 Situation in the Polling Station Surroundings during the Voting Process 11 Calculation of Election Results 12 Media Monitoring 13 Summary 22 Recommendations 22 4 Introduction On 8 September 2019, during the elections of local self-government bodies in the Republic of Artsakh, a short-term observation mission was held in 40 polling stations by the “Union of Informed Citizens Stepanakert Office” in cooperation with the “Union of Informed Citizens” NGO. To examine the situation outside the polling stations as well as to prevent and settle problems in individual stations, 5 mobile observation groups were involved visiting 70 polling stations. 90 observers, 5 lawyers, 9 recorders and other specialists were engaged in the mission. Training for 100 observers was conducted within the scope the observation mission. In addition, trainings for police officers were organized jointly with the Police of the Republic of Artsakh. Furthermore, training videos for voters were made and broadcast on Artsakh television.
    [Show full text]
  • Akhtamar on Line
    1 Anno 14 Numero 280 1 marzo 2019 — CIV M.Y. Akhtamar on line In Armenia un mese intero per festeggiare le donne Oriana Fallaci diceva: “Essere donna è così affascinante. È un'avventura che richiede un tale coraggio, online una sfida che non annoia mai”. E per le donne armene le sfide non sono certo mancate. Sono state regine, principesse medievali, mogli e madri devote, attiviste, custodi della memoria e valorose guerriere a fianco degli uomini, ma anche sole a difendere le loro case e le loro famiglie. E se nel mondo la Festa della Donna è fissata in un solo giorno, l’8 marzo, in Armenia dura per un intero mese. Un mese per sottolineare l’importante ruolo delle donne nella società, per rivendicare i loro diritti, per promuovere l’uguaglianza di genere e la loro emancipazione. In Armenia la donna fu celebrata, per la prima volta, il 28 febbraio 1909 e poi l'8 marzo. Con il crollo dell'Unione Sovietica, accanto a questa celebrazione, si è aggiunta anche quella di conno- tazione religiosa del 7 aprile, dedicata alla maternità e alla bellezza. È per questo che, in Armenia, la donna viene commemorata per un mese, dall'8 marzo al 7 aprile. E la Terra di Hayk è uno dei pochi Paesi che in calendario, come festività di Stato, ha la data della Festa della Donna. Nel 1991, dopo la dichiarazione di indipendenza della Repubblica d’Armenia, l'8 marzo era stato rimosso dal calendario come ricorrenza e l'8 aprile, invece del 7, era stata proclamata la Giornata della maternità e della bellezza.
    [Show full text]
  • War Crimes and International
    PHOTOLURE/ Hayk Baghdasaryan The publication became possible thanks to the support of World Federalist Movement/Institute for Global Policy. The opinions expressed in our published works are those of the author(s) and do not reflect the opinions of World Federalist Movement/Institute for Global Policy. YEREVAN, 2021 Introduction The first day of the ceasefire agreement, November 10, 2020, stopped the 44-day aggression of Turkey-Azerbaijan alliance against the unrecognized, small Republic of Nagorno Karabakh. A young woman journalist from Nagorno Karabakh wrote on her Facebook page: “I went to kiss the walls of my Amaras1 monastery, as I know I will never see it again.” That first day of peace, many people drove to visit the Dadivank2 monastery for the last time, to bid farewell to the spiritual treasure that was an inseparable part of their historic, centuries-old identity as Armenians of Nagorno Karabakh. People were confident that in only a few days, they would no longer be able to visit any of their national treasures so dear to their hearts—treasures of intellectual history that they grew up with. The videos broadcast and shared by Azeri soldiers over the internet showed them standing on the Green Church3, taking off the cross, and destroying the bell tower. It left the local Armenian population with very little hope for the preservation of the sites. The newly drawn map had handed over to Azerbaijan the control of these national treasures, dear to their hearts and part of their geographic landscape of historical monuments. As is true for all world nations, the lives of Armenians can’t be separated from their intellectual, cultural heritage.
    [Show full text]
  • “We Will Stay Here Forever”
    “We will stay here forever” A sense of belonging in landmine affected territories of Nagorno-Karabakh Pia Ferner “We will stay here forever” A sense of belonging in landmine affected territories of Nagorno-Karabakh January 2016 Pia Ferner Master International Development Studies Disaster Studies (SDC) SDC-80733 Supervisor: Gemma van der Haar Abstract The aim of this thesis is to gain insight into reasons why Karabakh Armenian settlers choose to settle and live in landmine affected areas of Nagorno-Karabakh, in the South Caucasus. War in the region has ceased in 1994 and enabled Karabakh Armenians to live in the contested territories, now characterized by frozen conflict, despite a continued presence of landmines. I applied an ethnographic research approach to explore meaning making processes of local settlers on their living situation and their readings of landmines. The village of Karegah served as main location for in-depth research and qualitative interviews. A theoretical exploration of the framing on landmines provides basis for a discussion of local settlers perception of landmines and how this relates to humanitarian framings. Theoretical notions of identity and belonging are further explored as aspects that turned out to be of particular relevance for Karabakh Armenians in their accounts of reading and coping with landmines in their living environment. It becomes clear that perceptions of risk are not taking place outside of identity narratives. Risks emanating from landmine contamination tend to be seen as low concern, instead highlighting the importance of Armenian settlers local presence, ascribing further meaning to territory. These findings gain significance in the broader context of conflict resolution.
    [Show full text]
  • Nagorno Karabakh Geo-Politics: Interests and Politics of Outsiders
    The Nagorno Karabakh Conflict. Causes of the conflict and obstacles to conflict resolution. Item Type Thesis Authors Nikkar-Esfahani, Hamidreza Rights <a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by-nc-nd/3.0/"><img alt="Creative Commons License" style="border-width:0" src="http://i.creativecommons.org/l/by- nc-nd/3.0/88x31.png" /></a><br />The University of Bradford theses are licenced under a <a rel="license" href="http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/">Creative Commons Licence</a>. Download date 27/09/2021 12:21:20 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10454/5650 University of Bradford eThesis This thesis is hosted in Bradford Scholars – The University of Bradford Open Access repository. Visit the repository for full metadata or to contact the repository team © University of Bradford. This work is licenced for reuse under a Creative Commons Licence. The Nagorno Karabakh Conflict Causes of the conflict and obstacles to conflict resolution Hamidreza Nikkar-Esfahani Department of Peace Studies University of Bradford Submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy October 2009 Table of Contents Abstract ......................................................................................................................... vi Acknowledgments: ...................................................................................................... vii Common Abbreviations ............................................................................................. viii Introduction
    [Show full text]
  • The Issue of Nagorno-Karabakh in 1918-1920 and Great Britain
    YEREVAN STATE UNIVERSITY A. A. GHARIBYAN THE ISSUE OF NAGORNO-KARABAKH IN 1918-1920 AND GREAT BRITAIN Yerevan YSU Press 2014 2012 Guaranteed to publication by the Scientific Council of the Institute for Armenian Studies of Yerevan State University UDC 93/99 Gharibyan Alik The Issue of Nagorno-Karabakh in 1918-1920 and Great Britain Monograph / YSU; A. Gharibyan. – Yerevan. YSU edition – 274 p. In this work there are represented the events that took place in 1918- 1920 in a part of the Armenian Homeland – Artsakh. It is told about the collision of interests of the Superpowers in Transcaucasia at the end of the World War I and about the Turkish-Tatar ambitions towards the Armenian territories. In this monograph the key role is given to the Artsakh liberation struggle. A lot of archival documents are represented in the appendix, many of which haven’t still been put into scientific circulation. The book is addressed to the wide range of readers. ISBN 978-5-8084-1880-6 © YSU Press, 2014 © Gharibyan A., 2014 2 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION..................................................................................................... 5 CHAPTER 1 THE INTERESTS OF THE ALLIED COUNTRIES IN TRANSCAUCASIA AT THE END OF THE WORLD WAR I 1.1 The situation in Nagorno-Karabakh at the end of the World War I ................................................................................................ 7 1.2 The Turkish invasion in Transcaucasia and the plans of invading the region................................................................................................... 18 1.3 The clash of interests of the Allied countries in Transcaucasia at the end of the World War I.................................................................... 31 CHAPTER 2 THE ENTRY OF THE BRITISH TROOPS IN TRANSCAUCASIA AND THE AMBITIONS OF MUSAVAT AZERBAIJAN TOWARDS NAGORNO-KARABAKH 2.1 The entry of the British troops in Transcaucasia.
    [Show full text]
  • [ 2005 ] Part 1 Chapter 5 Europe and the Mediterranean
    458 Political and security questions Chapter V Political and security questions Europe and the Mediterranean In 2005, the restoration of peace and stability in and Separation of Forces (Moscow Agreement). the post-conflict countries of Europe and the However, the complex political situations be- Mediterranean gained momentum as the ad- tween the two sides prevailed, as evidenced by vances made in re-establishing their institutions Georgia’s call for the withdrawal of the security and social and economic infrastructure were fur- forces of the Commonwealth of Independent ther consolidated. However, many political issues States and for a UN-led international force. and situations remained unresolved. No progress was made towards a settlement of Bosnia and Herzegovina, with the assistance the conflict between Armenia and Azerbaijan of the international community, led by the Euro- over the Nagorny Karabakh region in Azerbaijan. pean Union (EU), continued to reform its institu- In the Mediterranean, the situation in Cyprus tions, allowing it to meet the requirements of the remained unresolved, following the failed 2004 EU Stabilization and Association Process and the peace efforts. The Secretary-General, having as- North Atlantic Treaty Organization Partnership sessed the situation, determined that progress for Peace Programme, and thus move closer to had been negligible between the Greek Cypriots full integration into Europe. and the Turkish Cypriots, and concluded that In Kosovo (Serbia and Montenegro), the further clarifications were needed before negoti- United Nations continued to assist in building ations could be resumed. He also reviewed the a modern, multi-ethnic society through the mandate and concept of operations of the United United Nations Interim Administration Mission Nations Force in Cyprus.
    [Show full text]
  • Protection of Armenian Cultural Heritage of the Republik of Artsakh
    13.11.2020 Protection of Armenian cultural heritage of the Republik of Artsakh The German-Armenian Lawyers' Association (Association) has been continuously following the war in Artsakh (Nagorno-Karabakh) since September 27, 2020 and is actively documenting and reporting international humanitarian law violations. Based on the Association Statute as a non-profit organization, our mandate includes not only the documentation and reporting of human rights violations, war crimes and the violation of international humanitarian law by the Azerbaijani armed forces in this context, but also the reporting of imminent and accordingly still preventable crimes. Since September 27th, our association provides legal reviews and analyses on the events relating to the war in Artsakh. Committed to our statutory objectives, we called on to politicians, society as well as public and non-public institutions and informed about war crimes, the international human rights and humanitarian law violations after profound research and evaluation of the facts. Due to the current situation that 80% of Artsakh territory falls under the control of the Republic of Azerbaijan, cultural property/heritage have to be left behind and are thus threatened by imminent destruction. The Republic of Artsakh has an Armenian rich cultural and religious heritage. There are over 80 Armenian-apostolic churches and monasteries in the Republic of Artsakh, which were built in different centuries.1 These cultural and natural heritage sites are currently under threat according to the UNESCO fall into and protected under Articles 1 and 2 of the World Heritage Convention. It is proven that these properties are built different periods of the Armenian architecture, culture and sepulchral culture.
    [Show full text]