THE ROYAL ORDERS OF BURMA, A.D.1598-1885
PART ONE , A.D.1598-1648
i
ii
THE ROYAL ORDERS OF BURMA, A.D.1598-1885
PART ONE , A.D.1598-1648
Edited with Introduction, Notes and
Summary in English of Each Order by
THAN TUN, M.A.,B.L., Ph.D. (London)
Professor of History , Mandalay University
KYOTO
THE CENTER FOR SOUTHEAST ASIAN STUDIES, KYOTO UNIVERSITY
1983
iii
Published with the financial aid of the Toyota Foundation
iv
CONTENT
List of colleagues who helped in collecting the Royal Orders vi Introduction vii Summary of each order in English 1 Royal Orders of Burma in Burmese 142
v List of colleagues who helped in collecting the Royal Orders Aung Kyaw (Chaung U) Aung Myin Chit Soe Myint Khin Htwe Yi Khin Khin Khin Khin Gyi Khin Khin Sein Khin Lay Khin Maung Htay Khin Myo Aye Khin Nyun ( Mrs Thein Than Tun ) Khin Yi ( Mrs Than Tun ) Kyaw Kyaw Win Mya Mya Myint Myint Htek Myint Myint Than Myo Myint Ni Toot Nyunt Nyunt Way Ohn Kyi ( Chaung U ) Ohn Myint Oo Panna Sai Kham Mong San Myint (Chandramala) San Nyein San San Aye Saw Lwin Sein Myint Than Than Thaung Ko Thein Hlaing Thein Naing Thein Than Tun Thoung Thoung Tin Maung Yin Toe Hla Tun Nwe Tun Thein Tun Yi ( Sutesi) Win Maung Yi Yi Yi Yi Aung
vi INTRODUCTION
THE ORDERS are in fact the instructions make by the kings on things what he want to be done or on methods of how a things should be done.
An order would affect either the whole kingdom like a declaration of war or an individual alone like freeing him from slavery. Generally one order deals with one episode but sometimes there are several things mentioned in one single order. Largely the emphasis in an order depends on the individual taste or style of a king though these orders reflect upon the social and cultural background of the people. In another words, a king was absolute in power and therefore his word was law but he seldom went against tradition or religion of the majority of his subjects. These orders together with the reports on how these orders were executed and the results after these orders had been carried out were kept in the Palace
Archives known as Shwe Daik. they were now all lost. fortunately, a minister or an assistant minister would have copies of these orders made for his own use and many of these survive. A considerable number of these copies are still in the hands of private collectors but most of them are now at the Rangoon National Library, Mandalay National Library,
Burma History Research Department, Archaeology Department,
Universities Central Library at Rangoon and the Library of Mandalay
University. The present
vii collection is the copy of the copies (including those with the private collectors) and there is no other way to do it. One copy would be used to check against the other when there are more than one copy but there are also cases when there is only one copy and it happens to be a bad copy. At first we thought that the chronicles like Kala: Maharajawan ( compiled in about 1720) and the Mhannan: (compiled by a Royal Commission in
1829) might help. Now we find that the chronicles had used these orders almost exclusively as source material and through copying several times until they were printed late in the 19th century and early in the 20th century, it would be wise to check them with these orders.
In AD 1598 there was a new dynasty of kings at Ava and therefore the year 1958 is taken as an opening date of this collection of the Royal
Orders of Burma. These are only two orders found prior to it and adding these two in this collection is an afterthought. The Order of King Kya
Zwa (1235-1249) is found as an inscription on a stone and therefore it is taken as original as well as contemporary. There might be some anachronism in the case of the order of King Mingyi Swa Saw Ke (1367-
1400) dated 19 June 1368 because some words and phrases probably belong to a later period than they claim to be. Using only stone inscriptions we could have a glimpse of the administrative system in the
Pagan period
viii (AD 1000-1300) and of Ava since it was founded on 26 January 1365. As a framework of the administrative system, this order of 19 June 1368 is all right though a few words or phrases like wan kri: or sa: toau a can mre: toau a chak mrac toau a nwan, are, I think, later interpolations.
Using Sir Alfred Irwin's charts, AD equilavents of Burmese dates are given. The charts are made for years from AD 638 down to AD 2000 and in this way there is uniformity in the set and they are therefore dependable. There are a few points where Irwin disagrees with the actual calendar but they are negligible and for this reason, we use Irwin.
Arranging the orders in chronological order would show that there are no orders for several years even during the reign of a king. It is impossible to say that a king would say nothing important in all these years for the simple reason that we could not find any order in those years. There is still a possibility that a few more might turn up to fill in the gaps.
The Kings of Nyaung Yan Dynasty were:
1 King Nyaung Yan (Sihasuradhammaraja), son of King
Hanthawaddy Hsinbyushin; he made himself king at Ava on 27
July 1597 and died on 28 October 1605 (see ROB 28 October
1605).
ix 2 King Anauk Phet Lun, son of King Nyaung Yan; he became king
on 28 October 1605 and he was assassinated on 29 May 1628.
3 King Thalun, brother of Kin Anauk Phet Lun; he held his
coronation on 28 August 1633 and he died on 23 August 1648.
We stop Part One of the Royal Orders of Burma on the demise of
this king and some copies of this part give the name of Man:
Sum: Pa: Amin, toau - The Royal Order of Three Kings, to it.
4 King Pintale, son of King Thalun; he succeeded the throne on 23
August 1648 and was dethroned by his brother on 24 May 1661.
5 King Pyi, son of King Thalun; he usurped the throne on 24 May
1661 and died on 3 April 1672.
6 King Nayawaya, son of King Pyi; he succeeded his father on 20
April 1672 and died on 16 February 1673.
7 King Yame thin, popularly known as King Tuesday or King
Wun Be In San, brother of King Nayawaya; he was made king
by the ministers as his predecessor died young without an heir
and he ruled until he died on 24 April 1698.
8 King Dabayin (King Saturday), son of King Yamethin; he
succeeded his father and died on 11 August 1714.
9 King Mhannan Shin (King Sunday), son of King Dabayin; he
x succeeded his father and died on 3 November 1733.
10 King Singu (mahadhammarajadhipati, King Thursday), son of
King Mhannan Shin; he succeeded his father and he was
captured and taken to Hanthawaddy when Ava fell on 11 March
1752 and he and his family were drowned in 1754.
These kings ruled over the Kingdom of Ava which was almost in size equal to the Union of Burma minus the coastal strips of Yakhine and
Tennasserim. Taking the River Irrawaddy as the dividing line running east to west in central Burma, lands on the north of tha line were known as the
Province (Taing) of Sunapranta and south the Province (Taing) of
Tampadipa. On the north and northeast Sunaparanta there were the
Provinces of Gandhalarac or Sin, and Kamboja. On the south of
Tampadipa there were Srekhettara, Jeyyawatthana and Ramanna. But it is considered that the majority of the Burmese were confined to the
Provinces of Sunaparanta and Tampadipa and these two provinces were divided into seven divisions called Taik. By the Royal Order 31 May
1679, the divisions are located as follows:
1 The Ashay Taik (East Division) on the east of the River
Irrawaddy from Singu to Ava.
2 The Anauk Taik (West Division) on the west of the River
Irrawaddy from Bhamo to Yamethin.
xi 3 The Taung Bet Taik (South Division) on the west of the River
Chindwin from Kani to Pakhan Gyi.
4 The Myauk Phet Taik (North Division) on the northern part of
the Chindwin and Mu Valley with Moksobo (which later became
Shwebo) and Mingin as the southern base.
5 The Twin Thin Taik was along the Mu and Irrawaddy from Ye U
in the north, Myin Mu in the east, Taloke in the south and Anein
in the west.
6 The Mahadan Taik was the triangle of Mungin-Ye U as the
northern base and Anyein as the south apex.
7 The Sin Kyi Taik was all land east of the Anauk Yoma (the
western range) except the valleys of the Chindwin and
Irrawaddy.
(See the Sketch Map of Central Burma showing the Position of Taiks).
It was one of the traditional believes that there were one hundred and one ethnic groups living all over the world (see ROB 2 June 1679) and each group would have a king of its own and when the Burmese King could subdue the other one hundred kings, he would become the
Universal Monarch (see ROB 22 November 1628; perhaps 11 November
1629 would be the date of this Order). The Order says:
Conduct the elaborate ritual as prescribed by the Bame
xii
xiii Sayadaw that would enable the King to subdue all the other One
Hundred Kings and made him King of Kings. The ritual should
be conducted on 22 November 1628 within the enclosure of the
Zigon Pagoda (of Ava). Perform on that day dance and music by
the Indians on the east side of the pagoda, by the Burmese on the
south, by the Chivese on the west and by the Shans on the norths.
Probably the date 22 November 1628 would be a mistake for 11
November 1629. We do not know from where the Burmese got the idea of the world having four major races of the Burmese, Indian, Mon and Shans and the Burmese have seven sub-families, Indians sixty four, Mon three and Shan twenty seven. All Indians were foreigners who came across the sea. Many of them were mercenaries serving the King to fight and subdue the eastern neighbours. the immigrants from the north like the In Gye,
Kachin, Karen, Loo, Myee and Tayoke (see ROB 24 May 1642) were welcome and they were settled in sparse areas on the west of the
Irrawaddy and Chindwin like Hpyin Ta, Hpyit Thi, Hsa Htone, Hsa Lin,
Lin Ga Daw, Ma Be, Pa Dain and Si Tut Ta Ya. In another instance (see
ROB 2 April 1647) these immigrants including the Shans were sent to small towns and villages so that each town would have a minimum population of 300 and a village 50. The following list in four categories of
xiv political, social, economic and cultural aspects might help a student of Burmese history to use these Royal Orders of Burma. The date of the Order in which a particular information is mentioned, is also given in this list so that the English Summary could be used for a rough and ready reference. POLITICAL
Accomodation for Provincial Chief sat the Capital City, 30 Jul 1600 Accounts / Expenditure, 30 May 1637 Accounts / Food Consumption, 25 August 1598 Accounts / Income, 30 May 1637 Accounts / Tributes, 30 May 1637 Adultry, 28 Apr 1728 Affairs of State, (25 Aug 1636) Appeals, 27 Jun 1676 Appointment of Officers, 30 May 1635 Appointment of Men in Subordinate Services, 27 Sep 1598, 30 May 1635 Arbitration, 19 Jun 1368, 23 Jan 1607, 11 Dec 1637, 10 Dec 1639, 13 Apr 1646 Armed Forces / Increase the Strength of the, 30 May 1635 Ascension from one group to another, 11 May 1692 Assassination, 15 Oct 1638 Assaults, 28 Apr 1728 Assayists, 10 Apr 1635 Barracks, 21 Nov 1666, 15 Aug 1679 Boats / War, 4 Feb 1638, 9 Jul 1638, 25 Apr 1659 Boundary Demarcations, 25 Aug 1598, 26 Sep 1605, 18 Nov 1630, (30 May 1635), 27 Apr 1637, (7 Nov 1637), 12 Jan 1639, 9 Apr 1692, 20 Oct 1721 Bribery and Corruption, 8 Jun 1635 Business as Uaual, 20 Oct 1605 Bye Daik (Office of the Interior), (30 May 1635), 21 May 1637 Camp Followers, 16 Feb 1605 Campaign North, 27 Apr 1604, 16 Feb 1605, 6 Nov 1637, 18 Nov 1637, 11 Dec 1637, 14 Dec 1637, 1 Nov 1638 Cats kept at the Granaries, 30 May 1635 City Gates, 9 May 1635, 14 Feb 1690 City Limits, 25 Aug 1598 City Streets, (10 Aug) 1690 Clock Tower to announce the Time, 26 Sep 1605 Compensation, 12 Apr 1691, 21 Jun 1696 Commander of the Fighting Forces, 30 May 1635 Confirmation of Appointments, 27 Sep 1598 Conservation of Old Monuments, 4 Apr 1638 Clerks of the Palace Stores, (30 May 1635)
xv Conspiracy, 21 Jun 1691 Consumption of Daily Food at the Palace, 25 Aug 1598, 8 Aug 1609, (30 May 1635), 13 Jul 1692 Contingent of Fighting Forces from Provincial Governors called upon to defend the City, 2 Jun 1661 Control / Price, 8 Apr 1649 Coronation, 10 Apr 1630 Crimes / Investigation of, 5 Aug 1636 Crimes / Suppression of, 4 Aug 1636, 5 Aug 1636 Crown Prince, 1 Aug 1603, 26 Sep 1605, 28 Dec 1638, 11 Sep 1639, 2 Apr 1647, 22 May 1664, 10 May 1629, 25 Apr 1729, 27 Jun 1670 Defense / Palace, 3 Aug 1632 Defense / Strengthen the Forces of, (30 May 1635), (5 Aug 1636), 19 Dec 1666 Descendants of the Men of the Fighting Forces, 3 Aug 1632, (30 May 1635) Descending from one group to another, 11 May 1692 Deserter, 5 Aug 1636, 30 Jun 1679 Devolution of Office, 8 Jun 1782 Discrepencies among the Men of the Fighting Forces, 24 Sep 1598, (30 May 1635), 1 May 1692 Divisions called Taik, 31 May 1679, (2 Jun 1679) Duty / Negligence of, 22 Nov 1637 Duty / Night, 10 Apr 1635, 24 Jul 1638 Duty / Twenty Four Hour, 19 Jun 1638, 25 Aug 1598, 30 May 1635, 7 Nov 1637 Dues / Customary, 4 Jul 1635 Dhammasat, (23 Jun 1607) Elephant / White, (24 Jun 1634), 4 Oct 1638 Elephant Groups, 30 Aug 1598, 7 Feb 1637, 24 May 1642, (2 Apr 1647), 28 Feb 1664, 11 Jun 1664 Emergency / State of, (Fire, Rouge Elephant or Horse), 31 Mar 1665 Encroachment of Land, 30 May 1635, 13 Feb 1638 Endogamy in the Royal Family, 12 Nov 1630 Espionage (King's Eyes and Ears), 19 Jun 1368 Evidences at Court, 5 Oct 1692, 28 Apr 1728, 8 Jun 1728 Expenses of a Law Suit, 11 Dec 1637 Experience / Learn from, 27 Sep 1598 Extraction of Gold and Silver, 30 Jul 1600, 21 Jun 1638, 11 Sep 1639, 24 Nov 1716 Family / Royal, 23 Jun 1607, 12 Nov 1630, 30 May 1635 Fees / Court, 7 Nov 1637, 13 Apr 1646, 30 Jun 1679, 4 May 1697 Fief, 18 Nov 1657, 21 Jun 1691 Fighting Forces / Increase the Strength of the, (30 May 1635), (5 Aug 1636), 19 Dec 1666 Fines, 12 Apr 1691 Fire Fighting, 10 Apr 1635, 9 Dec 1637 Fisheries, 2 Jun 1679 Gates / City, 14 Feb 1690 Gates / Palace, 9 May 1635, 15 Feb 1690 Generals, 16 Feb 1605, 28 Sep 1638 Governess, 30 May 1635
xvi Governor, 3 Mar 1658 Granaries, 10 Apr 1635, 30 May 1635 Guards, 25 Aug 1598, 9 Jul 1638, 25 Apr 1639, 20 Oct 1643, 19 Apr 1664 Guns, 24 Jul 1638 Headman, 8 Aug 1642, 8 Jun 1728 Hluttaw, 22 Nov 1637 Horse Groups, 30 Aug 1598, 24 May 1642, 2 Jun 1671 Insignias of Rank and Status, 24 Aug 1598, 30 Oct 1600, 17 Dec 1605, 8 May 1638, 8 Oct 1638, 20 Oct 1638, (2 Apr 1647), 3 Jan 1650, 15 Sep 1666, 19 May 1678, 26 Jul 1678, 1 Mar 1680, 6 Mar 1725 Inspection Tours, 16 Jul 1645 Interpreters at the Court, 12 Apr 1691 Interrogation of Monks at the Court, 29 Apr 1641, 22 May 1642 Investigation of Crimes, (5 Aug 1636) Judgements, 10 Dec 1689 Judges, 23 Jun 1607, 11 Dec 1637 Jurisdiction, 24 Sep 1598, 10 Apr 1635, 30 May 1635, 21 May 1637, 13 May 1691 Juvenile Delinquency, 5 Aug 1636, 3 Oct 1679 King's Land, 19 Jan 1715 King's Monopoly (Royal Monopoly), 30 Jul 1600 Kings / Succession of, 16 Feb 1673 Lamps at the Palace, (12 Jan) 1639 Laundress, 30 May 1635 Law and Order, 23 Jun 1607, 11 Dec 1637 Leaders of the Fighting Forces, 17 Aug 1663 Merceneries, (30 May 1635), 11 Apr 1638, 24 Jul 1638, (12 Jan 1639) Minister / Model, 3 Apr 1638, 24 Jul 1638, (12 Jan 1639) Misappropriation of Funds, 24 Sep 1689 Monks summoned to the Court, 29 Apr 1641, 22 May 1642 Murder, 12 Apr 1691 New Palace, 30 Aug 1598, 24 Jun 1634, (9 May 1635) Officer and Men / Relationship Between, 8 Jun 1661 Officers measuring Land, 9 Apr 1692 Officers / Quarrelling, 13 Jul 1692 Officer / Residence of an, 24 Aug 1598, 3 Mar 1643, 18 Jan 1661, 7 Sep 1689, 13 Jul 1692, 8 Jan 1725 Officers / Retinue of, 26 Sep 1605 Official Dress, 24 Sep 1605 Orders / Collection of, 5 Oct 1681 Orders / Ignore ambiguous, 5 Oct 1681 Pageant, 1 Mar 1633, 3 Apr 1638, (2 Apr 1647), 14 Aug 1662 Palace Defence, 3 Aug 1632 Palace Kitchen, (12 Jan) 1639,Palace Menials, 30 May 1635 Palace / New, 30 Aug 1598, 24 Jun 1634, (9 May 1635) Palace Stores, (30 May 1635), Peace, 19 Jun 1368 Petition, 10 Apr 1635, 15 Apr 1743, 21 Apr 1743, 31 May 1743 Pleaders, 23 Jun 1607, 22 Nov 1637, 13 Apr 1646 Population Count, 23 Jun 1607, 30 May 1635, 28 Sep 1638
xvii Prerogative, 23 Jun 1607, (30 May 1635) Promogeniture, 12 Feb 1643 Promotions, 4 Jan 1715 Provisions, 21 Oct 1661 Public Works, 8 Aug 1604, (30 May 1635) Rebellion at Martaban, 28 Sep 1638 Records / Collecting, 22 May 1669 Records of Religious Land, 18 Nov 1630, (30 May 1635), 7 Nov 1637 Records of the Servants of the Religion, 18 Nov 1630 Register, 10 Apr 1630, 30 May 1635, 16 Feb 1638, 2 Jun 1679, 12 Dec 1686, 27 Apr 1691 Relation between Officer and Men, 8 Jun 1661 Reorganising the Fighting Forces, 16 Feb 1605, 10 Apr 1630, 12 Nov 1630, 28 Sep 1638, (12 Jan) 1639, 1 Nov 1646, 11 May 1692 Revenue, 8 Nov 1637 Security, 22 Nov 1637 Servants of the King, 30 Aug 1598,(40 May 1635), 8 Jun 1635, 5 Oct 1681, 16 Jul 1692, 8 Jun 1728 Servants of the Religion, 18 Nov 1630, (30 May 1635), 7 Nov 1637, 1 Jan 1655, 18 Nov 1657, 20 Feb 1716, 20 Jun 1718, 8 Jun 1728, 21 May 1743 Shwe Wa (Ava), 8 Aug 1598, 28 Oct 1605, 24 May 1642 Siege of Syriam, ?Nov 1610 (it should be Jan / Feb 1613) Siege of Toungoo, 18 Nov 1607 (it should be 25 Nov 1609) Slander 28 Apr 1728 Soldiers, 19 Jun 1368 Specialists, 9 Sep 1638 Street / Standard Width of a City, (10 Aug) 1690 Strength of the Fighting Forces, 24 Jul 1638 Succession of King, 16 Feb 1673 Suppression of Crimes, 4 Aug 1636, 5 Aug 1636 Taxes, 19 Jun 1368, 10 Apr 1635, 25 Apr 1639, 15 Apr 1716, 20 Apr 1638 Theft, 6 May 1249, 9 Dec 1637, 28 Apr 1728 Titles, 18 Nov 1657 Title / Posthumus, 4 Nov 1638 Traffic Control, (5 Aug 1636) Training in Boatmanship, 9 Jul 1638 Training in Using Guns, 24 Jul 1638 Training in Office Works, 10 Apr 1635 Transfers, 13 Apr 1646, 2 Aug 1679, 14 Oct 1679, 26 Apr 1691 Trial by Ordeal, 18 Nov 1630, 25 Apr 1639, 21 May 1743, 23 May 1743 Tributes, 30 May 1637 Umbrellas / White, 18 Apr 1608 Vacancies, 10 Apr 1635, 8 Jul 1694 Vassals, 30 Jul 1600 Village Tracts, 31 May 1679 War, 27 Apr 1604, 16 Feb 1605, 6 May 1637, 18 Nov 1637, 11 Dec 1637, 14 Dec 1637, 1 Nov 1638
xviii SOCIAL
Athi Ala Kupper (Resident, Stranger and Settler), 8 Aug 1604 Bastards, 23 Jun 1607, (30 May 1635) Boys go the father; girls stay with mother, 23 Jun 1607, 14 Jan 1636 Caste, 28 Sep 1638 Destitutes at monasteries, 31 May 1643 Dedication of Men as the Servants of the Religion, 18 Nov 1630, (30 May 1635), 7 Nov 1637, 1 Jan 1655, 18 Nov 1657, 20 Feb 1716, 20 Jun 1718, 8 Jun 1728, 21 May 1743 Encouraging Marriages, 28 Sep 1638 Elders, 9 Dec 1637 Endogamy, 12 Nov 1630 Ethnic Groups, (2 Jun 1679) Feringi, (30 May 1635), 24 Jul 1638, (12 Jan 1639) Foreigners, 9 Sep 1638, 18 Nov 1657, 3 Apr 1667 Happy/ Keep the People, 19 Jun 1368, 14 Oct 1635 Immigrants, 24 May 1642, (2 Apr 1647) Inheritance, 8 Sep 1640, 12 Dec 1675, 26 Jul 1678, 26 Feb 1679, 11 Aug 1692, 5 Oct 1792, 28 Apr 1728 Intergroup Marriages, 23 Jun 1607, 17 Apr 1662, 1 May 1662, 28 Feb 1664, 11 Jun 1664, 15 Jan 1666, 27 Apr 1671, 13 Aug 1671, 10 Apr 1679, 15 Aug 1679, 27 Oct 1679, 12 Dec 1686, 8 Jul 1694, 8 Jun 1728 Juvenile Delinquents, 5 Aug 1636, 3 Oct 1679 Keep the People happy, 19 Jun 1368, 14 Oct 1635 Land / Checking the Boundaries of, 13 Feb 1638 Land / Measuring the, (30 May 1635) Land Encroachments, (30 May 1635) Land to cultivate, 24 Sep 1598, (30 May 1635) Land to live, 24 Sep 1598, (10 Apr) 1630, (30 May 1635), 7 Feb 1638, 24 Mar 1642, 24 May 1642, 19 May 1678, 11 May 1692 Marriage with a Servant of the Religion forbidden, 5 Oct 1681 Marriage between a half-brother and a half sister, 12 N0v 1630 Marriage / Encouraging, 28 Sep 1638 Marriage / Intergroup, (see Intergroup Marriages) Monks / The Servants of the King are not allowed to be ordained Buddhist, 10 Apr 1679 Population Count, 23 Jun 1607, #0 May 1635, 28 Sep 1638 Prostitutes, 30 May 1635 Scions of Old Dynasties, 28 Mar 1639, (2 Apr 1647) Servants of the King not allowed to be ordained as Buddhist Monks, 10 Apr 1679 Servants of the Religion, 18 Mar 1630, 30 May 1635, 7 Nov 1637, 1 Jan 1655, 18 Nov 1657, 5 Oct 1681, 8 Jun 1728, 21 May 1743, 20 Feb 1716, 20 Jun 1718 Slavery, 14 Jan 1636, 10 Jun 1638, 16 Mar 1652, 21 Jan 1664, 14 Jun 1666, 7 Jul 1673, 2 Aug 1679, (27 Oct 1679), 5 Oct 1681, 5 Sep 1692, 9 Dec 1692, 13 Jun 1693, 8 Jun 1728 Tea / Reconciliation shown by eating together the pickled, (15 Oct 1638) Villagers coming to the Capital City, 2 Feb 1643, 16 Jul 1645
xix ECONOMIC
Bamboo, 8 Apr 1649 Broker / License of, 24 Dec 1669 Business as Usual, 28 Oct 1605 Control / Price, 8 Apr 1649 Cultivate / Land to, 24 Sep 1598, (30 May 1635) Cultivation / Guards employed in, 20 Oct 1643 Cultivation / More Land under, 5 Aug 1636, 20 Oct 1643 Extracting Gold and Silver, 30 Jul 1600, 21 Jun 1638, 11 Sep 1639, 24 Nov 1716 Fisheries, 2 Jun 1679 Garden, (30 May 1635) Gold and Silver / Extracting, 30 Jul 1600, 21 Jun 1638, 11 Sep 1639, 24 Nov 1716 Guards employed in Cultivation, 20 Oct 1643 License of Broker 24 Dec 1669 Money Lenders 30 Jul 1600, 21 May 1668, 13 Aug 1671 Monopolies / Royal, 30 Jul 1600 Price of Bamboo, 10 May 1692 Price Control, 10 May 1692 Price of Slave, 10 Aug 1690 Price of Timber, 10 May 1692 Silver / Extracting Gold and, 30 Jul 1600, 21 Jun 1638, 11Sep 1639, 24 Nov 1716 Slave / Price of, 10 Aug 1690 Specialists in Production, 9 Sep 1638 Timber, 8 Apr 1649
CULTURE
Ablution / Water for, (9 May 1635), 20 May 1635 Anniversary of Sakkaraj / One Thousandth, (31) Mar 1638 Avenue of Trees, 2 Jan 1654, 14 May 1720 Buddha's Foot-Print / In Search of the, 11 Apr 1638, 16 May 1638 Calendar / Cultivators, 30 May 1598, 15 Apr 1639 Celebration, (31) March 1638 Ceremonial Dress, 24 Sep 1598, 2 Sep 1638 Ceremony / Ear-Boring, 28 Dec 1600, 1 Mar 1601 Ceremony / Hair-Dressing, 28 Dec 1600, 1 Mar 1601 Ceremony / Rice-Feeding, 1 Mar 1601 Ceti / Dagon, 10 Nov 1637, 24 Jan 1642, 24 May 1642, 26 Aug 1679 Clock Tower, 26 Sep 1605 Collecting Old Records, 22 May 1669 Conservation of Old Monuments, 4 Apr 1638 Court Fees to be used for repairing Old Images, 7 Nov 1637, 2 Jul 1638 Crossing the Irrawaddy River to visit the Pagoda, 15 Oct 1638, 8 Apr 1649 Dagon Ceti, 10 Nov 1637, 24 Jan 1642, 24 May 1642, 26 Aug 1679
xx Dedication of Land for the Maintenance of the Religious Establishments, 18 Nov 1630, 30 May 1635, 23 Feb 1722, 29 Jan 1726, 28 May 1727 Dedication of Men as the Servants of the Religion, 18 Nov 1630, 30 May 1635, 7 Nov 1637, 1 Jan 1655, 18 Nov 1657, 5 Oct 1681, 8 Jun 1728, 21 May 1743, 20 Feb 1716, 20 Jun 1718 Decorations / Exterior and Interior, 2 Sep 1653, 12 Jan 1654, 16 Oct 1665, 1 Feb 1668, 6 Oct 1668 Elephants / U Dain Min Saw the Guardian Spirit of, (24 Jun 1634) Festivals, 2 Sep 1638 Funeral, 8 Jun 1638, 21 Sep 1638, (15 Oct 1638), 4 Nov 1638, 28 Dec 1638, 25 Apr 1639, 22 Feb 1656 Guardian Spirits / Offerings to the, 30 Aug 1598, 30 May 1635, 21 Jun 1638, 16 Feb 1642 Hermit /Aggasita, 24 Jul 1638 Images repaired by using the Court Fees, 7 Nov 1637, 24 Jul 1638 Jataka Paintings, 7 Apr 1633, 9 May 1635, 8 Apr 1649 Material / Writing, 19 Apr 1664 Magic 25 Aug 1598, (10 Apr) 1630, 7 May 1635, 9 May 1635 Merit / Works, 16 Feb 1642 Monks / Senior, 10 Jun 1638, (30) Jun 1638 Offerings / Religious, 27 Sep 1598 Offerings to the Guardian Spirits, 24 Jun 1634, 21 Jun 1638 Ordination of Monks suspended, 28 Sep 1638 Ordination / No Servant of the King allowed to become a Buddhist Monk by, 10 Apr 1679 Painting the Jatakas, 7 Apr 1633, 9 May 1635, 8 Apr 1649 Painting the Life of the Buddha, 7 Apr 1633 Pavilion, 24 Sep 1638 Pitaka Copying, 4 Apr 1638, 22 Apr 1638 Rains, 1 May 1664 Religious Ceremonies, 30 May 1598 Religious Offerings, 27 Sep 1598 Religious Reformation, 5 Aug 1636, 16 Feb 1642, 18 Feb 1642 Religious Teachings, 9 Nov 1605 Restoration, 7 Nov 1637 Rituals, 22 Nov 1628 Water for Ablution, (9 May 1635), 20 May 1635
xxi THE ROYAL ORDERS OF BURMA, AD 1598-1885; Part I, AD 1598-1648 SUMMARY 6 May 1249 Order: (1) Listen with great care to this proclamation because it is in
conformity with the teachings of the Religion as well as
the laws passed by the ancient kings.
(2) Give the most severe punishments to those who are guilty
of theft and robbery. The king wants to be magnanimous
but one good example could stop others from becoming
bad. Therefore such punishments are necessary.
(3) No one could escape punishment for doing any of these
hideous crimes because no one is going to escape hell in
his next life for his misdeeds in this present life.
(4) Live a good and moral life.
(5) Every village of more than fifty houses must have one
stone inscription pillar of this proclamation.
(6) Once in a fortnight all villagers (including those from
small village where there are no such inscription stones
of this proclamation) shall come to this inscription
engraved on it.
(7) Made 444 stone inscriptions of this proclamation.
1 This Order was proclaimed on 6 May 1249.
Note: This Order is included in this collection because it is the earliest known order of a king in Burma that has ever been recorded.
19 June 1368 Order: Ministers Maha Nanda Zayya Kyaw Htin, Maha Taraphya and
Maha Thiri Nay Myo Naw Yatha, Assistant Minister Nanda Thin
Gyan and Deputy Ministers Nay Myo Zayya and Thiri Zayya
Kyaw Htin should see that the following points are taken care of
in the execution of various aspects of administration.
(1) Officers are appointed to maintain law and order and preserve peace and tranquility through out the kingdom. (2) Officers are expected to be well versed in the affairs of state so that they might not do anything detrimental to the interest of the King, the Royal Family and the State and they are given the permission to remonstrate the King if necessary. (3) Officers of the Interior are solely responsible for the Palace Defence and they are expected to act as the King's Eyes and Ears. Righteousness should be the guiding principle in the execution of all their state functions. (4) Guards of the Palace are to be on duty for twenty four hours and they must be very sharp in detecting spies of enemies coming into the precincts of the Palace.
2 (5) Personnel of All the Armed Forces must be loyal and
courageous but they are discouraged to be exceedingly
ruthless and cruel.
(6) Officer-in-Charge of the Capital City has the jurisdiction
over the area within ten miles (16.093km) radius of the
City and he is held responsible to keep this area free of
burglers, thieves, robbers, rapists and arsonists. His duty
is to safeguard life and property.
(7) Officer-in-Charge of other towns and villages must help
the people to work and prosper. They are to use
arbitration to mitigate a minor offence or to minimise a
great offence and they should keep the taxes and
revenues in the minimum.
(8) Group Leaders of All Groups in the Service of the King
including the menial servants of the Palace should take
care that there is efficiency in discharging duties.
(9) Secretarial Staff of the Palace should be prompt in their
work but they are to be civil in all their public dealings.
(10) In dealing with the Vassals, civility is again the
catchword.
3 (11) Boundary Demarcations are always to be respected and all chiefs of administrative units must have records of the extent of the areas under their control. (12) Any act of treason should be dealt with promptness though thorough investigations are necessary before punishment. Keep the people happy is the slogan. (13) Provincial Chiefs must bring customary tributes to the King on the First Day of the Ninth Month (Nadaw) and failing to do so would be taken as an act of rebellion. (14) Vigilance is the keynote of all officers and men under the King. This Order was proclaimed by Theinga Tuyin, the Chief of Heralds, on 19 June 1368. Note : This Order conveys the idea that the Burmese kingship was just and humane and its stability is largely depended upon the efficiency of the King's ministers, etc.
30 March 1598 Order : Declare Sakkaraj 960 (AD 1598) as a Wa Nge Year (meaning that the Third Month-Nayon, should have twenty nine days as usual but the Fourth Month-Waso, would be followed by an intercalary month called Waso the Second). This Order was proclaimed at the Hluttaw by the Chief of Heralds on 30 March 1598.
4 Note : The intercalary month of Waso the Second of this year began on 23 June 1598 and ended on 22 July 1598. Usually every third year of the Burmese calendar has an intercalary month but it was always the King who decided that the Third Month-Nayon, should have either twenty nine days as usual or thirty days. Of course he was advised by the Calendar Committee.
24 August 1598 Order : (1) Make specifications as to a/how much dues that a person holding a town as his fief or a village as his fief, should exact from his fief, b/what kind of a residential house that such a person who holds a fief should live in c/what kind of ceremonial dress that each noble or officer should wear and d/what insignias that he should use as befitting his rank and status. (2) Allow no one to use any insignia above his rank. (3) Appoint Gate Keepers at the East Red Gate, West Red Gate and Nine City Gates. This Order was proclaimed at the Hluttaw on 24 August 1598/ Note : Rank and status of each prince, provincial chief or vassal, minister and officer were determined by the seat he was given in the Audience Hall. There were five divisions, yiz. Du Nayya, Taw
5 Nayya, Atwin Bawaa, Pyin Bawaw and Sanee. The King set facing east ans as tha audience took their seats facing him, those on the lift or south side of the aisle are considered superior to those of the right or north side even if they were of the same rank.
25 August 1598 Order : (1) Carry out the magic rites of protection as prescribed by the Bame Sayadaw in building a new palace. (2) Determine the limits of the Capital and post guards at various gates. (3) Recruit the Guards from the men of Ayut'ia, Laung Shay, Taung Yoe and Yakhine. This Order was proclaimed at the Hluttaw by the Chief of Heralds on 25 August 1598. Order : (1) Carry out the sentinel duty at the Palace for all twenty four hours and check as frequently as possible the sentries by the Officer-in-Charge of the Guards during the day and by the Chief of Lamp Men and the Chief of Curtain Men at night. (2) Report regularly the monthly consumption of food at the Palace (including food given as a ration to the Servants of the Palace) by the Clerk of the Tribute Receiving Department of the Palace Secretariat. This Order was proclaimed at the Hluttaw by the Chief of Heralds on
6 25 August 1598.
30 August 1598 Order : (1) Prepare the Ceremony of Occupying the New Palace as prescribed by the Bame Sayadaw, Acara Thumyat and Myat Muni Thingayaza and the Officer of Twin Thin Taik shall supply all necessary material to be used at this ceremony. (2) The Officer of the West shall stock adequately the provisions at the Palace. (3) The Officer of the West shall allocate and supervise the duties of the Servants of the Palace. (4) The Treasury Officer of the City called the Shwe Pyi Soe, shall exact various dues from all the markets of the City. (5) Reorganise the Elephant Men and Horse Men belonging to the Palace Defense. (6) The Officer of the Mahadan Taik shall supply the objects to be offered at all religious ceremonies. (7) Appoint the Attendants at various shrines of the Guardian Spirits of the City and let them do the proper propitiations to these spirits. This Order was proclaimed at the Hluttaw by the Chief of Heralds on 30 August 1598.
7 Note : Usually Brahman Astrologers took charge of these ceremonies of the Occupying the New Palace or the Moving into the New City. The Buddhist Monks now asked to supervise these occasions is a departure worthy of note.
24 September 1598 Order : (1) Confine the Living Quarters of a man of the Fighting Forces at the place where his ancestors had lived for generations before him. (2) Attach him permanently to the Group where his ancestors had served. (3) Any change from one Group to another of a man of the Fighting Forces requires a special order. (4) A change would be occasionally made when an exceptionally able person out of the Fighting Forces elsewhere would be transferred to some duties at the Palace. (5) Made the yearly supply of ceremonial as well as official dresses, etc. to courtiers in the same way as it was done during the reign of King Hanthawaddy Hsinbyushin. (6) The Hluttaw shall try all cases without any discrimination. (7) Determine the City Limits and the Officer of Lak Ma Thauk should handle all crimes committed within the City area. (8) All Dues and Taxes exacted should be the same as the time honoured custom of the past.
8 (9) The Religious Offerings should be carried out as usual. (10) All appointments should have the prior sanction of the Hluttaw. (11) Everyone in the Service of the King must be prepared to learn from experience because a person who knew the custom would not know the actual practice; when he came to recognise the actual practice he would not concieve the shape of things that would be brought about; when he realize the shape he would not grasp the idea; and even when he became well aware of the idea he would not comprehend the consequences. This Order was proclaimed at the Hluttaw by the Chief of Heralds on 24 September 1598.
30 July 1600 Order : (1) Declare as Royal Monopolies the works of extracting amber, gems, gold, gums and iron. (2) Worker employed in producing the above five material should not be asked to contribute labour to do any other public work because they are already in the Service of the King. (3) These workers should not be harassed by money lenders in order to recover their loans to them should they happen to incur some debts.
9 (4) Their Chiefs should be given all accomodations should they visit the Capital to pay their Annual Tributes to the King. This Order was proclaimed by Herald Nay Myo Nandathu on 30 July 1600.
30 October 1600 Order : (1) Give Prince Min Ye Okzana and Princess Thiri Mutta, son and daughter of His Majesty by the Chief Queen, the insignias of rank as befitting their status. (2) Give also Prince Min Ye Thein Hka Thu the insignias of rank. This Order was proclaimed by the Chief of Heralds on 30 October 1600.
28 December 1600 Order : (1) The Officer of the West shall prepare the Hair Dressing and Ear Boring Ceremonies of Princess Panthwar. (2) Draw the List of Gifts to be given to the Princess at these ceremonies to be held on 1 March 1600. This Order was proclaimed at the Hluttaw by the Chief of Heralds on 28 December 1600.
1 March 1601 Order : (1) Princes Thiridhamma thawka and Maharaja Thawka shall feed the Ceremonial Rice to Princess Panthwar on the
10 occasion of Hair Dressing and Ear Boring Ceremonies. (2) Say these phrases while they are feeding the rice for seven times : a/ Eat this rice; it will give you long life b/ Eat this rice; it will give you health c/ Eat this rice; it will give you loyal servants d/ Eat this rice; it will give you political power e/ Eat this rice; it will give you prosperity f/ Eat this rice; it will give you a good sense of righteousness g/ Eat this rice; it will give you a good mind to be generous This Order was proclaimed on 1 March 1601-the day of the ceremonies.
29 July 1603 Order : (1) Start a Monastic Establishment according to the given specifications on the west of the Maha Myat Muni. (2) Each monastery built must have wood carvings of various designs and figures. (3) Forty Sawbwas shall be notofied to participate in this programme of founding the Monastic Establishment. (4) Thiri Sithu is appointed the Chief Architect to take charge of all constructions. (5) The Officer of the Golden Treasury shall give 100 viss of silver called the Ywet Ni or Kyats 10,000 to cover
11 the estimated cost of each monastery or the total estimate of Kyats 400,000 for all the forty monasteries. (6) All this money must be taken from the personal accounts of the Dowager Queen, the King and the Queens (mothers of Prince Talok, Prince Taung Hsin, Prince Pyinzi and Prince Hkaw Than Di). (7) One Minister, one Deputy Minister, one Senior Clerk and one Chief of Lak Ma Htaung must supervise the whole programme. This Order was proclaimed at the Hluttaw by the Chief of Heralds on 29 July 1603.
1 August 1603 Order : (1) Prince Tabayin is appointed the Crown Prince with the title of Thado Maha Dhammayaza. (2) The Crown Prince is given all the insignias of rank, all the official and secretarial staff and Armed Guards. (3) The Crown Prince is given special gifts by the King and the gifts include land and cattle. (4) The Crown Prince is also given the Buddha Images newly made and the Pitaka set newly copied. (5) A three day festival is allowed at the time of the Investiture of the Crown Prince.
12 This Order was proclaimed at the Hluttaw by the Chief of Heralds on 1 August 1603.
27 April 1604 Order : (1) The King's brothers Thado Dhammayaza and Min Ye U Zana shall march against the 'wild people' of the north with 10,000 fighting men. (2) They shall not come back until they are recalled. (3) They shall start the Campaign on 28 December 1604. This Order was proclaimed on 27 April 1604. Note : 'Wild people' was used in the sense that these people living in the far north and north east and called Shan, Yoon, Lu, Tayok and Tayet were once under the Burmese suzerainty and were now in open rebellion. They lived close to but on the other side of the Burma frontier and at that moment they were found to be coming to the Burma side for loot and plunder. Some wanted to settle in the Burmese territories and they would be welcome as Burma needed more people to claim forest land for agriculture. (See the ROB of 24 May 1642 and 2 April 1647).
20 June 1604 Order: Minister Nay Myo Maha Dhamma shall report the origin of carrying the Royal Order of Great Importance on a young bull elephant with a howdah called Ye Ka and beating the Big Drum and Big Gong when every sentence of the Order
13 is read. This Order was passed on 20 June 1604 which was the fifth day of the fourth month of the Burmese Calendar. Minister Nay Myo Maha Dhamma reported that as the live blood of the Kingdom depends on agriculture, the declaration of the Cultivator's Calendar by the King with the advice of the Calendar Committee on the fifth day of the fourth month every year as to when it is time to start the nusery plots of the paddy plants, to prepare the fields to receive the seedlings from the nuseries, to transplant the seedlings, to start the water supply, to stop the water supply, to do the weeding, to do the harvesting, to store the year's crop, etc. is considered very important. To impress the people that the information so declared is important, an elephant, a big drum and a big gong are used. When the cultivators are busy in the fields (from June to December) none of them are to be disturbed like ordering them to appear at a law court either as a defendant or a witness. Even when the cultivator himself has a grievence to be settled at court he shall wait until the harvest is over.
8 August 1604 Order : (1) Reestablish Ava as the Capital City on 8 August 1604. (2) Maung Pu Shwe is appointed the Officer-in-Charge of the Golden City (Shwe Pyi Soe) with the title Zay Ta Yit. (3) Let the Officer-in-Charge of the City supply the Palace these twelve commodities- On Don (Laurus), Ok Shit (Quince), cotton, leather, charcoal, gum, hemp, earth oil, molasses, tamarind, palm leaves as before. (4) Let the Keeper of the Red Gate supply the pickled tea
14 and cloth called Khatha as before. (5) Let the Chief of Tribute Receiving Office sell the cloth called Thalu after having a written permission to do so from the Officer-in-Charge of the Common folks called Athi. (6) A unit of five member Athi family shall pay in every ten months a revenue in copper of 2½ viss (9.125 lbs, 4.1391 kg). (7) A unit of ten member Headman family shall pay in every ten months a revenue in copper of 2½ viss (9.125 lbs, 4.1391 kg). (8) A man who is a stranger at first at a village but when he marries a woman of that village and settles there he would be known as an Ala. (9) A man and his wife who settle at village not of their own would be called a pair of Kuppa. (10) A Service Man stationed at a village on duty would never become either an Athi or an Ala. (11) For Public Works, the exaction of Dues would be 3 viss
15 (10.95 lbs,4.97 kg) for an Athi, ½ viss (1.82 lb, 828 g) for an Ala, ¾ viss (2.74 lbs, 1.24 kg) for a Kuppa and 1/16 viss (0.23 lb, 115 g) for a Service Man. This Order was proclaimed on 8 August 1604. Note : With the exception of clauses 1 and 2, this Order of King Nyaung Yan was proclaimed in toto by King Thalun on 24 May 1635 and also by six other kings-King Pintale in 1649, King Pyi in 1661, King Nayawaya in 1672, King Dabayin in 1704, King Mhannan Shin in 1714 and King Mahadhammaraja in 1733.
16 February 1605 Order : (1) Start a military campaign immediately with His Majesty himself in command against Bhamo and Hseiwi. (2) The Crown Prince, Prince Min Ye Thein Ga Thu and Prince Min Ye U Zana shall accompany the King. (3) All necessary preparations including magical rites for such an expedition should be carried out and the learned Brahman of Pandaung and the Bame Sayadaw are to be consulted in matters of magic. (4) In the organization of the Fighting Forces, put 1, 000 of them under 100 Leaders called Akyat, 10 Chiefs called Ahsaw and 1 Commander called Ake and all of them must be adequately equipped with weapons including guns and cannons.
16 (5) Among the Camp Followers include experts in catching wild
elephants and artistes of musical entertainment.
This Order was proclaimed at Hluttaw by the Chief of Heralds on 16
February 1605.
26 February 1605
Order: (1) Define the Limits of the Palace as
- the Enclosure Wall of Tazishin Pagoda in the east,
- the main road leading to the foot of Mt Tuyin in the south,
- the bog field called Hpyet Ma Naing in the west and
- the Pan Say Stream in the north.
( In fact these limits were marked when the Temporary Place
called Maha Bon Tha at Tada U was occupied on 11 August
1598).
(2) Declare the Extent of the Empire as
- the Iron Bridge in the east,
- Ayut' ia in the south,
- the sea coast in the west and
- the places where fire is seen burning on the water
17 surface and where the people called Gig Ears, Thet and Kathe live in the north.
( In fact these boundaries were declared when the Permanent Place at Ava was occupied on 3 November 1598).
(3) Within this Empire only a Prince of the Royal Family must be appointed as an Officer-in-Charge of a town which is important like the towns of Chiengmai, Hanthawaddy, Martaban, Mindon, Prome, Tavoy and Toungoo; other Princes would be appointed as officers at Keng Si,
Keng Cheng in the north, at Ye and Salin in the south and at all the
Riverine Toll Gates downstream.
(4) Give these officers retinue befitting their rank and status as it was formerly done by King Ngazishin of Wizayapura.
(5) Build the Clock Tower and resume announcing the time.
(6) Build the Buddha Tooth Tower close to the Place.
(7) Raise the total height of the Maha Myat Muni Pagoda, the construction of which was begun on 18 March 1603, to 102,5 Feet
(31.242 metres).
18 (8) Build a four story monastery near the Maha Myat Muni.
(9) Start the Campaign to Bhamo on 17 December 1605.
(10) Appoint Prince Dabayin the Crown Prince and give him the insignias as befitting his rank and status.
This Order was proclaimed by the Chief of Heralds on 26 September
1605.
28 October 1605
Order: (1) there should be no panic and
(2) business should be carried on as usual at Shwe Wa.
This Order was proclaimed by using an elephant with the howdah called
Ye Ka when the new King ascended the Throne at the demise of the old
King on 28 October 1605.
Note: Shwe Wa was the new name of Ava. The dead king was King
Nyaung Yan and the new one was King Anaukhpetlun. Using a Ye Ka elephant to procalim this Order means that it is very important. (See the
ROB of 20 June 1604). According to the Mhannan (III, 1967 Reprint, pp.140 and 145) King Nyaung Yan died on 21 February 1606. Whenever a date or an event disagrees between the ROB and the chronicle, we prefer to follow the ROB.
19 9 November 1605
Order: (1) The Crown Prince should follow the Religious Teachings
seriously.
(2) Construct the Residence of the Crown Prince with the given
specifications on the north west of the Palace.
(3) Give the insignias as well as the Guards to the Crown Prince.
This Order was proclaimed at the Hluttaw by the Chief of
Heralds on 9 November 1605.
Note: The chronicles do not mention this investiture of a Crown Prince early in the reign of King Anaukhpetlun.
17 December 1605
Order: Give Maha Thiri Zayya Thinlaya and Maha Thiri Zayya Kyaw
Htin some more objects in addition to the insignias already given
to them.
This Order was proclaimed during the Capaign to Bhamo on 17
December 1605.
Note: The chronicles have no reference to this Campaign to Bhamo in
1605.
20 23 June 1607
Order: (1) Give Nanda Yawda the Charge of the Guards at the Eastern
Sector of the Palace Yard, Bala Yawda south, Yaza Yawda
west and Thiri Yawda north.
(2) These Officers must also take charge of more than fifty
groups of the Servants of the Palace.
(3) Take the Population Count in each of these groups clearly
stating how much there are adults and children of each sex.
(4) Take the list of Senior Monks, Junior Monks, Lay Devotees
at the monasteries, disabled persons who are depending on
the charity of the monasteries and slaves who take refuge at
the monasteries within the City.
(5) Submit these List and Registers as quickly as possible.
This Order was given to the four Officers of the Palace Yard on 23 June
1607.
23 June 1607
Order : (1) A Pleader should put on his head a pointed top headdress,
carry a bag and use a fan of yellow handle when he
21 appears at court on behalf of a client.
(2) A Client is advised to give only small gifts to his Pleader
when he first appears before the Judge on his behalf.
(3) A Pleader shall take only 37 ticals of copper from his client
for one case and asking or giving more than that is
punishable.
(4) A Pleader who could not possibly avoid telling lies, should
therefore live at a given quarters outside the City.
This Order was proclaimed at the Hluttaw by the Chief of Heralds on 23
June 1607.
23 June 1607
Order : (1) There is always a possibility that a Judge would be misled by
a Pleader who is usually a very good speaker and therefore a
Judge should take care that a Pleader should not unduely
exaggerate the importance of a case.
(2) A Judge is empowered to give 100 lashes for the first offence
and to exile for the second offence to the Pleader for the
contempt of the court.
This Order was proclaimed at the Hluttaw by the Chief of Heralds on 23
June 1607.
22 Note : See also the ROB of 24 June 1634.
23 June 1607
Order : (1) In an intergroup marriage between a woman of the one group
among the nine of the Palace Entertainers in music, singing
and dancing or playacting and a man of any one group of the
Servants of the Palace, a male offspring should become a
Servant of the Palace and a female offspring should become
one of the Queen's Drummers.
(2) Children sired by a Prince of the Royal Family and born of a
Palace Nautch-girl should not be taken as a member of the
Royal Family.
(3) All children of the second category should become Palace
Entertainers.
(4) Some of the children of the second category would be
transferred to other services.
(5) It is the Royal Rrerogative to do such a transfer and even then
a transfer to a higher position is impossible.
This Order was proclaimed at the Hluttaw by the Chief of Heralds
23 on 23 June 1607. Note : This is an exception to the age old custom of ''Girls stay with mother; boy go to father''. See also the ROB of (30 May 1635).
(23 June 1607) Order : (1) A Judge should weigh the evidence and differentiate right from wrong. (2) A Judge should use the Dhammasat to determine the the punishment though he should remember the fact that there are the differences of time and place between the case cited as an example in the Code and the case for which he would now be giving a judgement. (3) A Judge should be moderate in exacting Court Fees or in ordering a fine or compensation. He should always take care that ''the charges of repair should not exceed the the original price of a thing''. (4) A Judge should be able to stop a Pleader who would use clever words to misrepresent a case and if he were not checked in time it would be just like conniving theft or robbery right in the centre of the City. (5) Every Judge should have a copy of this Order with him. This Order was proclaimed by Zayyathura and copies of it were sent to all the Judges.
24 Note : Although the Dhammasat is an important manual for Judges, this Order gives them the power of discretion in applying it to any case that they are trying.
18 November 1607 Order : Yay Hlan Za and Le Hla Za make a return trip between Toungoo and Ava within a fortnight to seek the advice of the Bame Sayadaw as to ways and means of a speedy success in the siege of Toungoo. This Order was proclaimed on 18 November, the day when the said two officers were sent to Ava. Note : The monk on receiving the message said nothing but he took off his cap and put it on a receptacle. That was interpreted as a hint to pull down the finial of a pagoda outside the wall of Toungoo on the north east where the main force under the King was camping. The King of Toungoo accepted the subordinate alliance on 24 August 1610. The date 18 November 1607( 10 Nadaw 969) should be 25 November 1609 (10 Nadaw 971) because although it took long to subdue Toungoo, it would not take the period of three years.
18 April 1608 A Note on White Umbrellas submitted to the King by the Tipitakalankara Sayadaw: 1 U Yu, diameter 78'' (1.9812 metres) is placed one on either one on either side
25 of the Arch over the Throne (U Gin)
2 Thamokdayit, diameter 126'' (3.2004 metres) is hung over the Golden Bedstead (Thalun) 3 Kya Nghan, diameter 75'' (1.905 metre)
4 Thamokdaza, diameter 75.75'' (1.92405 metre)
5 Sanda, diameter 7.75'' (1.92405 metre)
6 Thuriya, diameter 76.5'' (1.9431 metre)
7 Padonma, diameter 76.5'' (1.9431 metre)
8 Thamokkha, diameter 78'' (1.9812 metre)
9 Withajon, diameter 77.25'' (1.96215 metre)
10 Kanetgadan, diameter 93.75'' (2.38125 metre); used at the Coronation and therefore considered as the most important of all the White Umbrellas. 11 Kampu (Gamba), diameter 77.25'' (1.96215 metre)
A Note on the Magic Thread of the Prince
Vijayabhahu put this thread around his body as a protection against the evil spirits when he invaded Srilanka at about the time of the Buddha's
Death and this practice has spread to Burma.
A Note on the Buddha's Religion
Buddhism reached Srilanka at the time of Vijayabhahu's invasion and from there the Religion reached Thaton and Pagan. The Mahavihara
26 Sect of Buddhism of Srilanka reached hanthawaddy in the time of King
Ramadhipati (Damazedi, 1472-92) and from there it reached Ava during the time of King Mahadhammaraja (Anaukhpetlun, 1606-1628).
These Notes were submitted to the King on 18 April 1608.
November 1610
Order : Pintaga Za make a return trip between Syriam and Ava within a month to seek the advice of the Bame Sayadaw as to ways and means of a speed success in the siege of Syriam.
This Order was passed in November 1610 at the Camp on the south eastern approach to Syriam.
Note : The monk said nothing but gave the messanger one set of monastic robes, a piece of human bone and one cubit (1.5ft, 45.72cm) length of a burnt firewood; these things reminded the King that through some mistake some Servants of the Religion were in his Fighting Forces. A check was made and these people were sent back to their former services.
The date November 1610 is impossible. The King started the Syriam
Campaign on 15 December 1612 and Syriam was taken on 18 March
1613. Therefore this Order was given sometime in January or February
1613.
27 22 November 1628
Order : (1) Conduct the elaborate Ritual prescribed by the Bame
Sayadaw that would enable the King to subdue all the
other One Hundred Kings and made him the King of
Kings.
(2) The Ritual is scheduled to be performed on 22 November
1628 within the Enclosure of the Zigon Pagoda of (Ava).
(3) Perform on that day dance and music by the Indians on the
east side of the Pagoda, by the Burmese on the south, by the
Chinese on the west and by the Shans on the north.
This Order was proclaimed on 22 November 1628.
Note : King Anaukhpetlun was assassinated at Hanthawaddy by his son
Min Ye Dibba on 29 May 1628. At Ava Prince Min Ye U Zana made himself king on 25 August 1628 and the troops sent by Min Ye Dibba defeated him on 6 December 1628. Therefore if the date of this Order 22
November 1628 (7 Nadaw 990) is correct, it might have been passed by
Min Ye U Zana. But there is a possibility that the day and month are all right though the year would be 991 instead of 990. Then the date would become 11 November 1629 (7 Nadaw 991) and it was King Thalun who passed it.
28 10 April 1630
Order : (1) The King now residing at the Thetkama Camp in
Hanthawaddy had since 22 December 1629 assumed the
Regnal Title of Sirisudhammarajadhipati.
(2) Press the scions of the old dynasties into the Guards
called the Lay Ze Daw and Nga Ze Daw.
(3) Reorganize the Fighting Forces employed in the Palace
Defense.
(4) Open proper Registers of the Service Men and keep them
in the Palace Archives.
(5) Open a Register of Monks, disabled persons who depend
on the charity of the monasteries and slaves who take
refuge at the monastic establishments.
This Order was proclaimed by the Chief of Heralds on 10 April 1630.
(10 April) 1630
Order : (1) Check with the Registers of the Former Service Men and
reorganise the following Fighting Forces:
Amyauk (Cannon) Daing (Round Shield) Hlay (Boat) Hlwar (Oblong Shield) Hsin (Elephant) Kar (Any Kind of Shield)
29 Ko Yan (Body Guard) Lay (Archer) Myin (Horse) Shan Kaung Han (Shan from Kenghung) Thanat (Gun) Thway Thauk (Soldier) Win (Palace Guard)
(2) Take the Register of the Families of the Fighting Forces mentioning
how much there are adults and children of both sexes in each
family.
(3) Give Residential Quarters to the menial servants of the Palace under
the charge of the officer of the West.
(4) Give Residential Quarters to Kawa Daw (Launders ) and ok Kyut
(Tile Makers).
(5) Revive the Magical Devices which were carried out by King
Thadominhpya on 27 January 1365 to make Ava invulnerable to
the attacks of enemies.
This order was proclaimed on (10 April) 1630.
12 Novmber 1630 Order (1) Sons and daughters of Kings Hanthawaddy Hsinbyushin,
Nyaung Yan and Anaukhpetlun are allowed to inter marry
provided they are born of different mothers.
(2) Scions of the old dynasties of Bassein, Chiengmai,
30
Hanthawaddy, Martaban, Myaungmya, Pagan and
Thayaykhittaya are allowed to intermarry provided they are born
of different mothers.
(3) Offsprings of the union between a prince and a commoner will never
be considered a prince or princess and male offsprings have to
join the Guards called Lay Ze Daw and Nga Ze Daw.
(4) Descendants of the grandfather and grandmother of the Chief Queen
are to Join the Fighting Forces of Shin Htwe and Shin Kyine.
(5) Reorganise the following Fighting Forces:
Han Pyi Bo Kwun On Za Letwe Kyaw Htin Le O Za Min Hla Ni Yoke Sa Mun Shwe Ban Pan Myo Htin Nanda Meik Nanda Sithu Nanda Thiri Nay Myo Bon Kyaw Sokkate Tetlu Yan Aung Thi Hton Za Tuyin Gathu Tuyin Thura U Dain Thara Waylu Thondara Yanma Thiri Yaza Gonna Ye Waw Hmu Zayya Zayya Kyaw Htin and Zayya Yawda
31
(6) The following are appointed to the positions shown against their names: Aung Kyaw San, Clerk of the North Horse E Thaw Da, Senior Clerk of the Shan Horse Kyaw San Hla, Clerk of the South Horse and Nga Tha Dun Aung, Senior Clerk of the Burmese Horse
This order was proclaimed at the Palace of Festivities in Hanthawaddy by the Chief of Heralds on 12 November 1630.
18 November 1630 Order: (1) Collect all Records of Religious Monuments like pagodas
and Religious Establishments like monasteries and find
out the exact limits or boundaries of the Religious Lands
dedicated to these foundations by their founders like the
previous nineteen kings of Ava starting with King
Thadominhpya.
(2) Interrogate by the Lead Ordeal called Hke Htauk, all
Provincial and Lands officers, their Clerks, Local Chiefs
who are in charge of all the Religious Lands, or their
descendants and any old local resident who would have
the knowledge of the Religious Lands to get all possible
information in connection with these Religious Lands.
32 (3) Check all Records of Land Revenue so that no revenue
either in cash or kind from the Religious Land had been
deposited in the Royal Treasury or Royal Granary
through mistake or ignorance.
(4) Restore all Boundary Marks of these Religious Lands like
Nat Saunt Nat Hta - the Shrines of Guardian Spirits,
Gazin - a Line of Raised Earth between Two Lands, Thit
Si- a Hedge between Two Lands, and Kyauk Tine - Cairn
or Stone Pillar.
(5) Copy all Records of the Religious Lands for the Palace
Archives.
This order was proclaimed on 18 November 1930.
Note: It seems that this fear of misappropriating a religious property through mistake or ignorance was present through out the Burmese history. An investigation was made in 1256 and King Tayoke Pyay returned the Religious Land which his predecessor had taken because the establishment to which the land was originally given was in ruin. In such a case the charge of the land would be given to the nearest Religious
Establishment. King Kyaw Zwa (who became king on 12 December
1350) ordered on 12 March 1359 that the lithic inscriptions should be collected to check the Religious Lands
33
(Pl.521 1). In addition to this order of 18 November 1630 to check the
Religious Lands, the King also gave another order on 30 May 1635 to check the lands given in maintenance of the Shrines of Local Guardian
Spirits. Another order was passed on 6 August 1636 to prohibit misappropriation of any Religious Property and the orders of 27 April
1637 and 7 November 1637 were given not only to check the Religious
Lands but also to trace the descendants of the Servants of the Religion so that they could be reemployed in the Service of the Religion. The order of
4 April 1638 required the scribes to copy the old records of land dedications to the Religion. A few months before his death (on 23 August
1648) King Thalun on 18 May 1648 clearly stated at a dedication of land and men to a Religious Establishment that it was the order of a King that certain land and men were set aside for the maintenance of a certain
Religious Establishment and such an order should be respected by all the later kings. And it was found that his idea of "land and men given in maintenance of a Religious Establishment " was well accepted by later kings (see ROB of 5 October 1681 and 24 July
34 1793) and also by the British conquerors.
3 Auguat 1632 Order: (1) Put on duty as the Guards of the Palace the descendants
of the Guards of former four kings.
(2) The Palace Guards must check all the Elephant Men and
Horse Men who come to the Palace on duty. Allow them
only to use the North Entrance.
(3) Put the Guards not only at the entrance doors but also at
the stairways and at some places close to all the windows.
This order was proclaimed by Yan Toke Pa on 3 August 1632.
1 March 1633 Order: (1) Prepare a pageant on 12 April 1633 when the king
would visit the Bon San Tu Lut monastery at Pinya.
(2) Made the preparations like the Pageants of King
Hanthawaddy Hsinbyushin visiting the Kyaik Ban Daing
monastery, King Myaung Yan visiting the Tada U Maha
Bon Tha monastery and King Anaukhpetlun visiting the
Pyatthat Maha Yadana Myat Bon Tha monastery.
(3) After the Pageant, deposit the things used then not at the
Min Gan Taik but at the Mingala Min Gan Taik.
35 This order was proclaimed at the Hluttaw by the Chief of Heralds on 1 March 1633.
7 April 1633 Order: (1) Assign a group of five hundred artists to paint on the enclosure walls of the Maha Myat Muni Pagoda the stories of 547 Jatakas, the Life of the Buddha, the Occasion when the Teachings of the Buddha were reduced to writing, the Spread of Buddhism to Burma and the Foundation of the Dagon Pagoda. (2) The learned monks whose names are given here supervise the paintings: Sayadow of Tay Mi Chauk Ma Monastery Sayadow of East Parakkama Monastery Sayadow of West Parakkama Monastery Sayadow of Taywin (Taung) Chay Monastery Sayadow of Set Monastery Sayadow of Zayya Thabin Monastery and Sayadow of Thit Seint Bin Monastery (3) Give these Sayadow of the Supervisory Board food, medicine and best of treatment while they are at work by the officer of the Royal Granary and the Rich Men Gambiya Withaha, Ponnya Thiri, Pattama, Nandiya and Puppa.
36 (4) Give the five hundred artists full provisions while they
are at work.
This order was proclaimed at the Hluttaw by the Chief of Heralds on 7
April 1633.
24 June 1634
Order: (1) Start the New Palace constructions on the auspicious day
of 21 July 1634.
(2) The Tipitakalankara Sayadaw shall explain whether it is
correct or not to have the beams of a buildings or in the
buildings built by the order of king Nyaung Yan.
(3) Ministers supervise the magical rites performed in the
course of constructions.
(4) Prepare a Pageant for the occupation of the New Palace
on 24 May 1637.
This order was proclaimed by the Chief of Heralds on 24 June 1634.
Note: The monks could say nothing because it is a question of custom though they knew that the King wanted the Talaing custom.
(24 June 1634)
37 (This is the repition of the ROB of 23 June 1607)
(24 June 1634) Order: (1) Do not bring wild elephants recently captured by the Auk
Ma Elephant Group to the Old Elephant Yard by the
route that approached Ava from the East Island after
having crossed the Ngwe Zin Stream.
(2) Bring them by the route that crosses the mouth of the
Panlaung River and goes west until Nga Ya Bya to enter
the old Elephant Yard.
(3) Made the usual offerings to U Dain Min Kyaw, the
Guardian Spirit of Elephants, by the officer of the Auk
Ma Elephant Group.
This order was proclaimed on (24 June 1634)
Order: (1) Tax Collectors take the commission of one quarter in a
viss of silver or 25 % , one half in a viss of copper or
50% and for other commodities take not more than one
third of the thing that has been collected.
(2) Appoint Gold Assayists only those descendants of the
Assayists of the former kings.
38 (3) Report to the Hluttaw any post that has fallen vacant in
the Hti Byu Taik, Min Gan Taik, Myauk Taik, Pa Soe
Taik and Pyin Ayoke Kyee Taik under the charge of the
officer of the Royal Treasury.
(4) Train suitable persons in the special knowledge of the
Royal Treasury.
(5) Fill all the vacant posts in the Provincial Treasuries
immediately and any appointment made in accordance
with this order must apply for a Royal Sanction.
(6) The Hluttaw shall apply for a Royal Sanction to fill the
following vacancies.
Head Clerk Royal Scribe of Orders Royal Scribe of Instructions Royal Scribe of Provincial Correspondence Clerk of the office of the East Magistrate Clerk of the Golden Palace Clerk of the Burmese Horse Group Clerk of the Shan Horse Group Clerk of the Yoon (Chiengmai) Horse Group Clerk of the Horse Group which had served the king when he was the Crown Prince Clerk of the office of the Commonfolks Clerk of the City office Clerk of the office in Charge of Towns which have no Local Town Officers and Clerk of the office of Royal Granaries.
(7) The Hluttaw shall make a list of persons in order of merit
to be appointed as :
39 Officer-in-Charge of a Town Commander of a Town Garrison Herald Head Clerk Tax Collector and Officer as Personal Assistant to a Minister. Appointments made to any of these positions require a Royal Sanction. (8) Accomodate the Offices of : Officer-in-Charge of the Commonfolks Officer-in-Charge of the Outposts Officer on Inheritance Officer of Petitions Officer-in-Charge of the Population Count and Officer-in-Charge of the Toll Gates at the building of the Court of the East Magistrate. (9) Officer-in-Charge of the City shall have jurisdiction over
the area extending until Hti Paung Ga in the east, Zaga in
the south, .. in the west and Yay Za in the north and his
special duty is to keep this area safe from thieves and fire.
(10) Officer of one Thousand Men shall keep the people in
preparedness for fire fighting but both he and his superior
officer would be expelled from their offices if he were
found to be harassing the people.
(11) Officer of Petitions shall receive 1½ viss of copper on
each petition; officer-in Charge of the Commonfolks
40 shall receive one set of clothes, two coconuts, one packet
of pickled tea for each list of commonfolks submitted by
the Village Headmen; a clerk for doing one official
transaction shall receive one coconut and a packet of ½
viss of pickled tea; and officer-in-Charge of the City,
officer of prescribed amounts for any of their official
transactions.
(12) Clerks of the Tolls must be able to write in the prescribed
form of reporting and those who are not able to do so
shall have to leave the service in favour of those who
could do so; a clerk for writing a letter of receipt shall
receive ½ viss of copper and 1 viss of pickled tea.
(13) Officer-in-Charge of Salin and Lay Myo and Commander-
in-Charge of Garrisons there could not use palm leaves of
pointed tips for official correspondence whereas the
officers-in-Charge of Chiengmai, Hanthawaddy, Marta-
ban, Mindon, Prome, Syriam, Tavoy and Toungoo are
allowed to
41 do so.
(14) Officers-in-Charge of Divisions Badon, Made, Mahadan,
Prome Seven, Sin Kyi, South, Twin Thin and West are to
submit the revenues as usual.
(15) The following must apply for written orders before they
do anything in their charge:
Chief of the Royal Lands at Prome Chief of Danet Pala Elephant Group Chief of In Khan Fisheries Chief of Cannons Unit in the Fighting Forces and Chief of Guns Unit in the Fighting Forces.
(16) Chief of Nine Hundred Thousand at Tabayin, Chief of
Eighty Thousand at Pakhan Gyi and Chief of Forty
Thousand at Amyint were once important posts in their
localities; trace their descendants so that these posts could
be revived.
(17) Men of the Big Burmese Force, Small Burmese Force,
Big Talaing Force, Small Taling Force, Big Kala Force,
Small Kala Force, Big Shan Force and five Forces of the
Shield shall in the paddy that they produced to the Royal
Granaries at Pha Lan Gon, Khuntha and Htan Ma
42 under the charge of Maha Nanda Baya Kyaw Htin and
other Royal Granaries at far off places under Thiri Baya
Kyaw Htin.
(17) Officer-in-Charge of the Royal Granaries shall appoint
the Granary Man, Watch Man, Locks Man, Basket Man
and Tally Man.
(18) The Hluttaw shall assign men of the Fighting Forces of
the Shwe Ban Pan Unit and the Horse Group which had
served the King when he was the Crown Prince, to check
the land revenue from the land alloted to the men of the
Horse Groups to cultivate.
(20) Nobles and ladies of the Court who enjoys as fiefs certain
towns, villages, fisheries, weirs. etc. shall receive only
the prescribed fief dues and from the Religious Lands
located within their fiefs, they shall collect only the
court fees taken from the plaintiffs.
(21) Night Duty at the Palace is put under the charge of a
minister and the Gate Duty at the Palace Yard is put
under the charge of an officer of high rank.
43 (22) Check the men coming in for Night Duty at the Palace or
going out after duty at the Gates and report immediately
when anyone of them is missing.
(23) Ration for the Night Duty men at the Palace is to be given
out of the stock of consumers goods of the Palace on the
first day of every month.
(24) Chiefs of Lamps and Curtains of the Palace must check
the night watchmen frequently and report immediately on
finding anything amiss.
This order was proclaimed at the Hluttaw by the Chief of Heralds on 10
April 1635.
7 May 1635
Order: (1) Maha Dhamma Zayya Thura and Maha Baya Thura
supervise the drawing of magical squares and magical
figures for protection against enemies of the City and
Palace.
(2) Draw only the time-honoured squares and figures and
forbid copying those of unknown origin.
(3) Take care that the various steps to be taken in the course
of drawing are closely observed.
44 (4) Check spellings and periods in mantras copied.
This order was given at the Shed of Royal Drums to the Lord of Mu Wa and the Clerk of the Lord of Yay Hlan on 7 May 1635.
9 May 1635 Order: (1) Draw Magic Figures and Magic Squares and copy
Mantras on the best of cloth each piece measuring 48cm
x 2.45m spread tight on wooden frames with iron rings
to be fixed on the ceilings of Gate Towers over the eight
City Gates of
Aung Tun Thazi Kyaw Bon Winmana Sanya Yan Aung Laytha and Man Aung.
(2) Fix the following drawings also on the ceilings of Gate Towers of the above mentioned City Gates: The Sitting Buddha on the Jewelled Padestal flanked by the Disciples Kondanna and Bhattiya with their hands in the Prayer Attitude, Vappa holding a begging bowl, Mahananda holding a pitcher The Vattaka Jataka (No.35) The Sasa Jataka (No.316) Monks at the House of Ghatikara (see the Ghatikara Sutta No. 81 of the Majjhima Nikaya) The Nalapana Jataka (No.20) The Sun The Moon King Jackal, King otter and King Monkey observing Sila
45 (3) Fix the copies of the following Cathas also at the ceilings over the Gates:
Lakkhana Daw Gyi Culamani Cindamani Mahosattha Mahacundabojjhan and Sirasamimme.
(4) Fix the copies of the following Magic Circles, Squares and Triangles at the same places also: Boghimanduin Cak Namobuddhaya Mranmuir Campanava Mranmuir Pracikeka Mranmuir Jinagottam Mranmuir Devakani Devasakuncaratanacolasa Athai Aup Sakkatva Buddha Dhamma Samgha Suvannabhumi An: Patattharana An: Upat Paritta An: On: Namonarani Atthani An: Uddhamyawa An: and Saranagum An:
(5) Use the best of cloth on wooden frames with iron rings each measuring 48cm x 2.45m to draw the figures, etc.
(6) Use vermillion to mark the borders and a specially prepared ink made from various flowers offered at the pagodas, to write the necessary letters and numbers in the magic squares, etc.
(7) No correction is allowed in any of the magic squares, etc.
46 (8) Assign one artist to copy a verse on the canvas under the supervision of one learned Brahman and one officer and one monk has to recite the words to be written, another one to watch the actual writing of the word and still another to check when the copying is over.
(9) Draw similar figures or magic squares, etc. and copy mantras as prescribed by custom on various drums of the Palace and Clock Tower.
This order was proclaimed by the Lords of In Gyin Kan and Ywa Tha Ya on 9 May 1635.
(9 May 1635) Order: (1) Hold the Ceremony of Occupying the New Palace on 9 May 1635.
(2) Made the following preparations well in advance of the Ceremony: Station at every Gate of the City 2 Overseers 2 Horsemen 1 Cook 40 Commonfolks 1 Architect 5 Carpenters 1 Artist (to paint vermillion) 4 Artists 4 Tailors
47 2 Goldsmiths 2 Coppersmiths 2 Metal Plaque Makers 4 Armed Men of the Kaunghan Group 1 Clerk of the Palace Stores 1 Clerk of the office of Granaries 2 Brahmans 1 Learned Man 1 Rich Man 8 Monks to recite the Paritta 2 Waiters to serve Pickled Tea and Betel Quids 4 Waiters to serve Curry and Rice to Monks 3 Princes of the Royal Family to be present at the Recitation of the Paritta and 8 Elders of the Commonfolk to be present at the Recitation of the Paritta Assign at each Gate of the City 1 Troupe of Big Drums 1 Troupe of Burmese Music and Dancers and 1 Troupe of Talaing Music and Dancers Forbid Dancers dancing without the Hairdo called Suli with Gold Bands. Fetch the Sacred Water of Ablution and let the Brahmans sprinkle it at various places of the Palace. Put the White Umbrellas at their respective places of the Palace. Assemble 500 to 1,000 monks in the space between the Palace and the East Magistrate Court in the east to recite the Patthan: at the time of the Ceremony. Note: We do not have the date of this order but for the sake of convenience we use the date of the occasion as the date of the order.
(20 May 1635) Order: (1) Hold the Ceremony of Washing the Hair on 20 May 1635. (2) Goddess Manimeghala should allow the King's men to fetch water for the occasion.
Note: Instructions were given in detail on the Ceremony of Fetching the Water from the Yan Aung Myin beach across the river from the
48 Thazi beach on the east of the City under the supervision of one Minister, one Assistant Minister, one Deputy Minister, the officer of the Granaries and the officer of the Royal Treasury.
The date of this order is not given but giving allowance to elaborate preparation before the Ceremony to be held on 20 May 1635, it must have been passed a week or so before that date.
30 May 1635 Order: (1) Increase the strength of the Armed Forces of Shwe Wa to approximately 885,000 men. (2) Raise the number like this: 100,000 men - Gun 10,000 men - Cannon 500,000 men - Bow and Arrow 50,000 men - 500 Ye Hlay (Boat) 100,000 men - 1,000 Kattu (Boat) 25,000 men - 5,000 Kin Laung (Boat) 50,000 men - Kar (Shield) 50,000 men - Lhwar (Shield oblong and convex) 885,000 men - Total (3) Start recruiting now. (4) Start manufacturing or collecting weapons and building boats. (5) Select officers to command forces divided into one hundred, one thousand and ten thousand men.
49 (6) Select Commanders-in-Chief from among the Princes and
Ministers.
This order was proclaimed at the Hluttaw by the Chief of Heralds on 30
May 1635.
Note: Increasing the number of fighting men to 885,000 is still very much less than the traditional figure of 3,000,000men but it is definitely superior to 20,000 men raised by the former King on 15 August 1628.
Assuming that 20 % of the population is male adolescent that could be pressed into fighting service in times of emergency, the force of
885,000 men must come from a population of 4½ million. We doubt that there were that much people in the whole of Ava Kingdom at that time.
The King was optimistic. If his predecessor could raise 20,000 men, he could at best raise 30,000 and no more. In that case the population in his kingdom would be 150,000.
30 May 1635 Order: (1) Submit Accounts for the past five years (since 1630 when the Coronation was held at Hanthawaddy until 1635 when another
Coronation was at Ava), on monthly and
50 yearly Palace Expenditures of : Textile Bark of Laures called on Don Quince called Ok Shit Gum called Ta Ma Zay Leather and Charcaol. The Accounts should include ths statement of how much of each item had been ordered or received and how much had been left unconsumed by the end of each year. A Deputy Minister must be present when the stock taking is made. (2) Submit also the Accounts of the said period of the monthly and yearly income from Dues collected in the following Divisions: Nine Hundred Thousand (Dabayin) Eighty Thousand (Pakhan Gyi) Forty Thousand (Amyint) South (West of Lower Chindwin) North (upper Chindwin) Kyaw Zin (East of Irrawaddy, North of Ava) West (West of Irrawaddy from about katha to Sagaing and the area below Ava down to Yamethin) The Dues are collected in the said Divisions from the following places: Cultivable lands known as Lay, Ya. Kaing and Kyun Saik Ti Pwe
51 Kin Gado Kyun Gaung Kywe Win Nwa Myi Kywe Nwa Myin Win Sin Thay Hle U Hlay U U Yin Mi Tauk Chi Thit Yin In Htone Chaung Se Officers who collected them are entitled to keep 50% of them for themselves and the other half must be duely sent to the Treasury or Granary as the case may be.
(3) Sumit also the Accounts of the said period of the Tributes from the Vassals.
(4) Check these Accounts when submitted against similar Accounts of former reigns kept in the palace Archives.
(5) Store the Revenue collected in kind at the Royal Granaries and cats (from ten to twenty in number) kept at each granary must be fed well.
(6) The following officers must keep a Register of Service Men and their families who serve under them and they must send one copy of that Register to the Hluttaw.
52 Myin Wun (Officer-in-Charge of Horse Men) Athi Wun (Officer-in-Charge of Commonfolks) Myo Lat Wun (Officer-in-Charge of Several Towns which Have no separate Town officer of their own) Kyi Wun (Officer-in-Charge of Royal Granaries) Shwe Taik Wun(Officer-in-Charge of theGolden Treasury) Atwin Wun (Assistant Minister) (7) Check the Forty Groups under the control of Anauk Wun (Officer-in-Charge of the Western Half of the Palace) so that a member of one Group would not be working in another Group. The Forty Groups are: Bearers of Big Umbrellas Bearers of Small Umbrellas Bearers of Baggages Carriers of Monk's Food Carriers of Water Chiefs of Armed Men Chiefs of Slaves Cleaners of Copper Utencils Cleaners of Rice Cooks Cowherds Experts in Flower Arrangement Fortune Tellers Governess Immoral Women Laundress Makers of Baskets Makers of Combs Makers of Gum Makers of Perfume Makers of Umbrellas Milk Maids Milk Maids (for buffalo-cows) Nannies Privileged Groups Prostitutes Reciters of Religious Stanzas Old Timers Slaves born of Slave Parents Spinners Suppliers of Suffron
53 Suppliers of Rice Suppliers of Water Sweepers Young Shans Watchers of Birds Weavers Wet Nurses (8) Check the various products of the Royal Gardens and send the best of these products to the Palace. This Order was proclaimed by the Deputy Minister Maha Thiri Dhamma and the Chief of Heralds brought it to the Hluttaw on 30 May 1635.
(30 May 1635) Order: (1) Collect Old Records on Works of Merit either written on palm leaves or inscribed on stones in order to determine exactly the Boundary Demarcations of the Religious Lands
(2) Identify the stone posts, stone cairns, spirit shrines, hedges and bunds that marked the limits as mentioned in the Old Records of Religious Lands and determine the area of such lands in the whole Kingdom.
(3) Trace the Descendants of the Servants of the Religion and name the persons who are at present collecting the yearly produce from these Religious Lands and let them
54 account for the expenses on the maintenance of the Religious Establishments to which these lands had been originally dedicated.
(4) Find out whether the Donors left those men who would be causally called either Pagoda Slaves or Monastery Slaves (a) by pouring the water of libation or (b) by giving the order or (c) by drawing a deed to transfer ownership. This order was proclaimed on (30 May 1635).
Note: A monk is a person who has renounced the world and he cannot own either a slave or a piece of land. Men in the service of the Religion are usually called Pagoda Slaves and Monastery Slaves but they are not slaves really. They would work on lands dedicated to religious establishments and use a certain portion of the yearly produce of the land on maintenance of the establishments. After one or two generations, their descendants would be using such lands as if they owned them. Now the King wanted to re-dedicate these lands to the Religion and to reemploy these descendants of the Servants of the Religion to any one of the Religious Establishments close to where they were living if the original establishments were no longer in existence.
55 ( 30 May 1635) Order: (1) Clerks of the Palace Stores shall account for the monthly and yearly consumption of such commodities as: Charcoal (Mi Thway) Chunam (Htone) Cotton (Le Wa) Gum (Ta Ma Zay) Gum Thit Say) Laurus Bark (on Don) Lead (Chon) Leather (Thayay) Quince (Ok Shit) Red Ochre Tobacco (Say) Vermillion (Hin thabada) Mention how much of each one of these things had been ordered and received and how much had been consumed and how much were left unconsumed in each year.
(2) Report monthly the receipt of Court Fees minus the proportionate shares taken by the judges, clerks , messengers, attendants, etc.
(3) Give the Court Fees collected in the Provincial Towns to the Princes who hold these towns in fief. This order was proclaimed on (30 May 1635).
(30 May 1635) Order: (1) Report the strength of the Palace Guards called
56
Daing (Round Shield) Kaung Han (Kenghung Shans) Ko Yan (Body Guard) Shan Su Gyi (Big Group of Shans) Thay Nat (Gun)
(2) mention in the Report how much there are men, women, aged or disabled persons, children and slaves in each family of these Guards year by year so that the increase or decrease in population is easily discernable.
(3) Chiefs of the Guards of the Four Quarters of the Palace Yard are to do the reporting. They are: Letya Yantameik in the East Sector Nanda Thiri Kyaw Htin in the South Sector Letya Zaya Thingyan in the West Sector and Letwe Yantameik in the North Sector. This order was proclaimed on (30 May 1635).
(30 May 1635) Order: (1) Investigate the encroachment of the Royal Lands into the Religious Lands and vice versa.
(2) Check the Land given for living (Nay Myay) and Land given for cultivation (Lup Myay or Sa Myay) to the Palace Guards and made reallocation wherever necessary.
(3) The following officers are given this task of getting
57 the exact measurements of the Religious and Royal Lands
Yan Tuppa (Lu Hmu)
Tet Tu (Yan Aung Hmu) and
Tet Hkaung (Daing Hmu).
This order was proclaimed on (30 May 1635).
(30 May 1635)
Order: (1) Report the enforced or money imposed upon the
Commonfolks by the officer-in-Charge of the City.
(2) Chiefs of One Thousand Men shall also report how much
work as to making and repairing earth bunds and
stockades had been given to men under their charge or
how much money had been asked from them in raising
funds to feed the monks in their respective areas.
(3) In all these allocation of work and money, care should be
taken that no one would be asked to do or pay more than
his or her rightful share.
(4) Submit the Reports monthly and yearly regularly.
This order was proclaimed on (30 May 1635).
(30 May 1635)
Order: (1) Keep the Horse Men of Kyauk Sauk, North, Nyaung Yan,
58 Pagan, South, Thin Gyi and Yin Net strictly in their
respective living or working lands and do not allow the
main group of Horse Men called Myin Su Gyi to merge
with them.
(2) Chiefs of Horse Group shall supervise work in the living
and working land of the Horse Men and this means that
there will be no separate officers appointed to such a duty
in any Horse Land.
This order was proclaimed on (30 May 1635).
(30 May 1635)
Order: (1) Allow no encroachment in the jurisdiction of an Assistant
Minister called Atwin Wun.
(2) Define clearly the jurisdiction of an officer or the area
under the control of an officer. For instance the officer-
in-Charge of the City shall deal with all crimes within the
area extending until Myo Thit in the east, Tet Thay and
Wun Pa Tay in the south, Tabay in the west and Kha
Yay in the north.
(4) Put the Palace Guards on twenty four hour duty. The
59 Guards at the Nine City Gates are likewise on twenty
four hour duty. When the Gates are closed for the night
allow no one to go in or out without the written permiss-
ion of the officer-in-Charge of the City.
This order was proclaimed on (30 May 1635).
(30 May 1635)
Order: (1) Children born of a union between a Prince of the Royal
Family with any womwn of the Nine Groups of the
Palace Entertainers called Thabin Daw Zu are not to be
taken as members of the Royal Family.
(2) Boys of such a union become Servants of the Palace and
girls join the Group of Drums under the charge of the
Queen.
(3) Transfer from one group to another is not allowed except
by the King's order.
This order was proclaimed on (30 May 1635).
Note: See also the ROB of 23 June 1607.
(30 May 1635)
Order: (1) Investigate the extent of lands given in the maintenance
60
of the Spirit Shrines at various parts of the Kingdom.
(2) Give the name of the persons in charge of these shrines and lands attached to them and check that are the true descendants of former custodians.
(3) Check the servants under the officer-in-Charge of the Western Sector of the Palace so that a person of either high or middle or low status remains strictly in his or her own group. Allow no discrepencies as to stepping up or down among these servants. For instance people like lavatory cleaners and sweepers shall never be transferred to other services and clerks of the officer of the West are held responsible to follow this order strictly.
(4) Undertakers shall not enter any building in the Palace Complex but wait from outside the building to collect the dead body of an infant whenever there were deaths among the infants of the Palace.
(5) A Palace Watchman is not allowed to be taken away to serve in any other service. Check also that these men live in the place given to them to live.
61 (6) Men of the following Fighting Forces must also live in the land given to them to live. Feringi (Guns) Myay Nan (Guns) Shwe Wa (Guns) Tada U (Guns) Thu Nge Daw (Guns). In a Pageant these gunners must surround His Majasty in the front, on the left and right and in the rear. On the occasion of fetching the Water for Ablution, they must perticipate by carrying each one a pot of water.
(7) Clerks of the office of Fighting Forces (Guns) should report immediately when the land given to the men of the Fighting Forces (Guns) becomes so crowed that a few of them have to seek places outside of it. Each of those who stays outside is liable to pay 37.5 ticals of copper as land tax to the authorities at the locality where he now resides. In his given place he pays no tax. This order was proclaimed on (30 May 1635).
2 June 1635 Order: (1) Trace the descendants of Dabayin Chief of Nine Million
62 (Men), Kukhan Chief of Eighty Thousand (Men) and Amyint Chief of Forty Thousand (Men), with a view to revive these offices which had become obsolete after the Shans (Had devastated the land and destroyed Pinya and Sagaing in 1360 and 1364 respectively).
(2) Revive the said offices by appointing as an officer at each of the three places any suitable person from among the descendants of the said officers. This order was proclaimed on 2 June 1635.
Note: It is mentioned in the order that King Min Gyi Zwa (1367-1400) once tried to revive these positions and it seems that his son and successor Min Ye Kyaw Zwa (1400) succeeded in doing so. Unfortunately these positions were lost again when the Shans came again and occupied Ava in 1527. This time no descendants were found.
8 June 1635 Order: (1) Choose suitable persons from among the leaders of the Fighting Forces (Horse) as Chiefs of Dabayin Nine Million (Men), Kukhan Eighty Thousand (Men) and Amyint
63
Forty Thousand (Men). This order was proclaimed on 8 June 1635.
Note: Maha Nanda Sithu and Maha Nanda Thin Gyan reported that on 6 June 1635 they asked Thayay Ponnya (Town Headman of Pakhan Gyi), Thayay Yaza (Chief of Land office). Maha Nanthu (Senior Clerk) and Maha Thaman (Junior Clerk) about the descendants of the Chief of Kukhan Eighty Thousand (Men) and they got no results. Then they asked Maha Thaman (Town Headman of Amyint), Thayay Yaza (Chief of Land Office), Thamanda Kyaw (Senior Clerk) and Wanana (Junior Clerk) about the descendants of the Chief of Amyint Forty Thousand (Men) and they got no results. Then they asked Zayya Battaya (Town Headman of Dabayin), Thayay Wunnana (Chief of Land office), Thaman Tathu (Senior Clerk) and Zay Ta Bo (Junior Clerk) about the descendants of the Chief of Dabayin Nine Million (Men) and they got no results. That was the reason why the King passed the order on 8 June 1635 that suitable persons from among the leaders of the Fighting Forces (Horse) as Chiefs of the said three positions.
8 June 1635 Order: (1) Suppress Bribery and corruption.
64
(2) Avoid unnessary exaction of taxes.
(3) Observe the moral precepts.
(4) Enlist only courageous and loyal men as soldiers, honest and thrifty men a keepers of treasury, intelligent and tactful men as diplomats, resourceful and efficient men as administrators, just and humane men as judges, clever and observant men as crime investigators, learned and wise men as king's counsellors, most learned men in astrology as astrologers, most experienced men in the art of war as generals, most skilful men in the treatment of illnesses as physicians, most accomplished men in the art of espionage as spies and most talented men in all branches of arts and sciences as king's advisers. With the help of all these people the King would be able to maintain peace and order in his kingdom and to bring prosperity to all his subjects like the Guardian God of the World. This order was proclaimed on 8 June 1635. Note: Here is an admission of the King that he owes good
65 administration to his officers.
4 July 1635 Order; (1) Collect only the customary taxes or dues.
(2) Consult the old records to get the information on customary practices.
(3) Cut off the legs and limbs of the culprit who did the over-taxing and the punishment should be carried out in the market square.
(4) Ask for sanction to exact anything extra and failing to do so would be punished with a tattoo mark on the nose ridge. This order was given to Lak Ma Htaung Hmu, Shwe Pyi Soe and lak Ma Yun Mhu when His Majesty came to the Bye Taik on 4 Jyly 1635.
14 October 1636 Order: (1) Take the example of a gardener in the administration of a fief-either a town or a village. The gardener nurses the plants well and sells the crops produced with good profit. A fief holder should help the people living within his fief to prosper so that they might be able to
66 give the revenue. The ruler and the ruled are interdependent. Benefits should go both ways. When the fief holder neglects the production side, it would be like feeding the hen with the seeds kept for next year's cultivation.
(2) Never take the example of a bird that comes to a tree to eat its ripe fruits and has done nothing for its production.
(3) Punish those fief holders who behave like the ungrateful bird. This order was proclaimed when His Majesty came to the Bye Daik on
14 October 1635. Note: The Shin Disapramuk Inscription (AD 1285) of the Migala Zedi, Pagan (Pl.271) also alludes to this example that an administrator should work like a good gardener.
14 January 1636 Order; (1) Carry out the order of 1635 that no member of the family of a service man should remain a debtor slave.
(2) Observe the old custom, even for the member of a family of a service man, that in a union of such a person with an outsider, boys go to the father and girls stay with mother.
67 This order was given in reply to queries by Bhaya Yawda when His Majesty came to the Bye Daik in the evening of 14 January 1636.
4 August 1636 Order: (1) Check how men in the service of religious establishments or princes and princesses or ministers and officers are living in each village.
(2) Capture any criminal who lurks in the border between two villages by the joints effort of the two village chiefs whose territorial areas are adjoining and the said criminal is hiding between their two areas.
(3) Punish anyone who refuses to join the posse by tattooing a phrase on his forehead saying that he disobeys order and send him to collect elephant fodder. This order was proclaimed in the course of answering queries by Bhaya Yawda when His Majesty visited the Bye Daik on 4 August 1636.
5 August 1636 Order: (1) Reorganise the Buddhist order of Monks by doing the following: a/ Find out the reasons why a man was ordained a monk; the reasons should be exclusively religious. b/ Find out whether a monk faithfully observes the Vinaya (Discipline) or not.
68 c/ Force the person had committed an unpardonable sin according to the Vinaya, leave the monkhood. d/ Advice the man who has to leave the monkhood to live a good moral life.
(2) All leaders of the Buddhist Monastic Establishments shall carry out this order without fail because it is in conformity with their rules and regulations of the monasteries. This order was read at every monastery in Toungoo by Nga Nyo of the Town's Own Regiment and a comrade of the Swe Daing on 5 August 1636.
5 August 1636 Order: (1) Use secret interrogations if necessary to find out a service man evading duty by mixing with the commonfolk since it isvery easy for a Burmese service man to be lost in a Burmese community in this extensive territory under Burmese control.
(2) Warn everybody against harbouring such deserters.
(3) Check the debtor slaves so that there should be no member of the family of a service man among them.
(4) Suppress crimes. (5) Encourage cultivation.
69 (6) Prevent young man from becoming a recalcitrant or a nuisance to the community. (7) Recruit the descendants of the former service men at Hanthawaddy and Toungoo in the Fighting Forces called Thway Thauk. This order was proclaimed on 5 August 1636.
(5 August 1636) Order: (1) Encourage the fighting men to fight with most daring in battles. (2) Help the men of the Fighting Forces to cultivate the land given to them with industry in times of peace. (3) Discourage the men of the Fighting Forces to gamble and to drink liquor and to become a threat to peace and tranquility. (4) Persuade the men of the Fighting Forces to nurse the sick among them. (5) Check the men of the Fighting Forces so that everyone of them remains in his own group. This order was given to all Chiefs, Leaders and Commanders of the Fighting Forces on (5 August 1636).
70 ( 5 August 1636)
Order: (1) When a member of the Royal Family or a member of any administrative offices meets a Buddhist monk on the road, he or she should stop the vehicle that he or she is using and step down from it with a kowtow.
(2) Relay this order to everyone who has the means to use a vehicle and to the servants who have to manage these vehicles. This order was read by the Clerk of the Chief of East One Thousand Men, on horseback and accompanied by four Chiefs of One Thousand Men and the officer called Shwe Pyi Soe, at all the City Gates and at various places within the City.
(5 August 1636) Order: (1) Supervise all affairs of state personally by officers concerned.
(2) Never allow a clerk to do a state business on his own.
(3) Call a meeting of all officers concerned to decide anything of some importance.
(4) Check one's own conscience after making any important decision. This order was meant for all responsible officers of the state and
71 was read at the Hluttaw by Yaza Gonna on ( 5 August 1636). Note: A similar order was passed on ( 23 June 1607).
( 5 August 1636) Order: (1) Investigate all crimes, big or small. by the responsible officers themselves and let the clerks take all records; officers shall act like the medicine men with bags containing various antidotes to illnesses while clerks act like the charts recording treatments to cure the illnesses.
(2) Perform duty with diligence and no one could plead ignorance for any negligence of duty. This order was proclaimed on ( 5 August 1636).
17 April 1637 Order: (1) Know the limits of the Empire: there is an Iron Bridge on the east, Thailand on the south, sea coast on the west and land of Fire on Water, Big Ears, Akbar and Kathe on the north.
(2) Know the limits of towns and villages in detail: a/ a province has control over an area within the radius of 100 taings (200 miles / 321.860 km) from the centre of provincial capital. b/ a big town has control over an area within the radius
72
of 10 taings (20 miles / 32.1860 km) from the centre of the town. c/ a medium size town has control over an areas within the radius of 5 taings (10 miles / 16.0930 km) from the centre of the town. d/ a small town has control over an area within the radius of 3 taings (6 miles / 9.6558 km) from the centre of the town ( a town is considered small when it has to send only a levy of 100 to 1,000 men in time of war), e/ a village has control over an area within the radius of 2½ taings (5 miles / 8.0465 km) from the centre of the village; usually the limits are determined by the topography of each area though there are exceptions where the boundaries are marked by artificial means like putting up stone pillars or cairns or low earthern embankments with shrines of guardian spirits at regular intervals.
(3) Send revenue in kind to various granaries at East, South, West, North, Sin Chi, Mahadan and Twin Thin Taiks, but send those (including copper, crude oil and iron) collected from the religious lands to the Mahadan Taik.
73 (4) Ministers Maha Thiha Thu, Maha Zayya Thu and Maha Yaza Thu must see that these orders are carried out well. This order was proclaimed on 27 April 1637 and the Chief of Heralds came to give it to the ministers on 28 April 1637.
21 May 1637 Order; (1) Observe the jurisdiction of each office or officer as follows: a/ The Hluttaw has to supervise the execution of all the Royal orders, to try all cases of dispute, to control all affairs both civil and military and to supervise all provincial affairs that need central control. b/ The Assistant Minister called Atwin Wun, deals all affairs of the Palace. c/ The City office under the Officer-in-Charge of the City called Myo Wun, deals with all crimes committed within the City area. d/ The Palace officer called the Win Yon, deals with the defense of the Palace. e/ The Offices of the Commander of Elephantry - Sin Wun, and the Commander of Cavalry - Myin Mhu, deal with all affairs of the localities where the elephant men and the horse men are given land to live or to
74 cultivate but the cases of the commonfolks living in the same locality with either the elephant men or the horse men go to the office of the Commonfolks under the officer-in-Charge of the Commonfolks called the Athi Wun. f/ The officers-in-Charge of Division called Taik, like Twin Thin Taik Wun, Maha Dan Taik Wun, etc. deal with all affairs of their respective divisions. g/ The office-in-Charge of Boat Groups called Hlay Thin Wun deals with all cases of the boatmen. h/ The officer-in-Charge of Granaries called Kyi Wun deals with all cases pertaining to the granaries. i/ The officer-in-Charge of the Wast called Anauk Wun deals with all cases of the western sector of the Palace where only females are allowed to work for whatever services that are required there. j/ The officer-in-Charge of the Royal Lands called Lamaing Wun deals with all cases in connection with the Royal Lands. k/ The officer-in-Charge of Religious Affairs called Maha Dan deals all cases from the Religious Lands.
75 l/ The officer-in-Charge of Treasure called Shwe Daik Wun deals with all affaire in connection with the extracting of gold and silver or other precious gems, etc. m/ The officer-in-Charge of Weirs called Se Wun deals with all affairs of the irrigation works as well as the cases of the workers employed at weire and canals. n/ The officer-in-Charge of Towns where there are no separate town officers called Myo Lat Wun deals with the cases of such towns. (2) Send copies of this order to various provincial administrators. (3) Ministers Maha Nay Myo Zayya, Maha Thiha Thuya and Maha Thiri Zayya Kyaw Htin see that this order is strictly enforced through out the Kingdom. This order was proclaimed to the Assistant Ministers called Atwin Wun, by Min Zayya Taman, the Chief of Heralds, on 21 May 1637.
6 November 1637 Order: (1) Made Preparations to send a contingent of troops to Mo Wun in order to stop the Chinese who came beyond the point where they are allowed to come for trade; His Majesty himself would lead the troops.
76 (2) Send a troop ahead reconnoitre and to alert the local chiefs along the route of the campaign so that these chiefs, called Sawbwas, could supply provisions, porters and pack anomals when the main body of the forces pass through their territories. (3) People along the route of march should be warned about the movement of the troops so that they would not be alarmed unnecessarily and that they could carry on with their own work as usual. This order was proclaimed at the Hluttaw by the Chief of Heralds on 6 November 1637. Note: The chronicles made no mention of this campaign.
7 November 1637 Order: (1) Trace the descendants of the servants of the Religion dedicated to various religious establishments founded by kings, ministers, rich men, etc. at various place of the Kingdom and are now in ruin, so that they could be put in the Religious Service as their ancestors at any Religious Establishment close to where they are now living; because when a person is made a servant of the Religion, that person as well as his or her descendants for all generations shall remain in the Service of the
77 Religion irrespective of the fact that the Religious Establishment to which that person was dedicated to is now in ruin. (2) Collect the old records like the stone inscriptions in order to find out the descendants of the old servants of the Religion. (3) Restore the old pagodas, temples, ordination halls, monasteries and any other religious monument and put up new inscription stones describing their history. (4) Repair old weirs and canals. (5) Construct a building for each toll station. (6) Construct a building for each Guardian Spirit of a locality. (7) Repair old Buddha images and gilt them; then perform the ceremony of consecration called Anekaja. (8) Fix a new finial on each pagoda top if it is missing. (9) Use the Court Fees and the Gifts received at the Palace for all the expenses in carrying out this order. (10) Repair the Elephant Stockade called Sin Kyone, the Shrine of U Dainna and all the elephants sheds with the income from the Lands called Lamaing. (11) Get the servants of the Religion take the responsibility
78 of guarding the Religious Monuments where they work against any kind of treasure hunters. (12) Put the sentries on twenty four hour duty at all the office buildings. (13) Allow the administrators at Chiengmai, Hanthawaddy, Keng Hsi, Martaban, Mindon, Prome, Syriam, Tavoy and Toungoo use the pointed palm leaves for correspondence and those of Salin and Ye could use letters of full length as well as summaries in their correspondence. This order was proclaimed at the Hluttaw by the Chief of Heralds on 7 November 1637.
(7 November 1637) The Reports on Territory Limits are submitted by the administrator of each territory and in some cases the boundaries are measured by Parammadeva of the Body Guards called Ko Yan: Places marked with astericks are silver producing lands. *Baw He *Baw Saing ( Baw) Zagaing Bhamo Boke Thet Ke Gyin Chiengmai Chun Daung Mya Daung Danubyu Hanthawaddy Hlaing Dek Hnek Kye Thike Hsenwi Htilin Htun Don In Daw Nga Yin Myo
79
Kadaw Ywa Kan Gyi Ywa *Kyauk Le Ywa Kyauk Sauk Kyun Zon Kyu Wun *Lak Hkat Lauk Sauk Laung Shay Le Gya Myo *Lun Ywa *Me Hon Ywa Mong Khine Mong Mit Mong Nai Mong We Mo Hnyin Mya Daung Ywa Mya Kan Myin Gon Daing *Nan Pyauk Ywa *Nga Pyaw Ngwe Hkun Twelve Villages *Ngwe Hkun Daw Kyawt Ko Kyawt *Ohn Sa Yaing Pan Hlaing *Pan The Daw Pay Gon Pin Myo Salin Saw Shwe Myo Taung Bak Ko Hka Yaing *Thati Thin Twe *Tine Kyat Ywa Toungoo *Yay Kyi Ywa Yaw Kya Hkat Zayaing Myo and Za Yun. Note: These Reports on Territory Limits are usually known by the name of Sittan (Statements) because the person in charge of the place was called upon by the officers of the Central Administration specially sent for this purpose to name the boundary demarcations of the area under his control together with the statement that the administration of this particular village and its environ or
80 this particular town and its environ had been given under the care of his family for at least three generations. In this case the officers sent from the Central Administration were Thayay Pyan Chi and Tuyin Manu and measuring the land wherever necessary was done by Paramma Deva of the Body Guards (Ko Yan). These Reports were made according to the Royal order of 7 November 1637 and many of them were made probably early in 1638 but for the sake of convenience we give the date 7 November 1637 to all reports of the time of King Thalun (1633-48).
10 November 1637 Order: (1) Gilt the whole structure of the Dagon Ceti (Shwedagon, Rangoon) from the finial which was fixed by king Hanthawaddy Hsinbyushin (1554-1581) on 6 February 1566, down to the base.
(2) One Minister, one Deputy Ninister and one Senior Clerk shall go to the Pagoda and supervise the gilting together with Minye Thiha Thu - the officer-in-Charge of Hanthawaddy, Ninye Zayya Thu- the officer-in-Charge of Syriam and Minye Thaya Thu - the officer-in-Charge of Waterways.
(3) Hold a festival with all kinds of entertainments during the whole period of gilting the pagoda and play the complete set of drums.
81 (4) Compose the Prayer for His Majesty and made a gold pitcher to pour the water of libation. This order was proclaimed at the Hluttaw by the Chief of Heralds.
18 November 1637 Order: (1) Start preparations for a march north led by His Majesty himself so that Mo Wun could be reached on 23 December (1637). (2) Study the old Records of the Palace Archives and make the preparations similar to those campaigns made by King Hanthawaddy Hsinbyushin (1554-1581) and King Nyaung Yan (1600-1606) and bring the necessary Royal Paraphanalia on the march. (3) Send Abhaya Gamani ahead to build camps at a distance of about 5 taings (10 miles / 16.09 kilometres) where His Majesty would stop for each night during the march. (4) Let the Brahmans versed in astrology and mantras go with the Vanguards. This order was proclaimed on 18 November 1637. Note: The chronicles made no mention of this campaign.
22 November 1637 Order: (1) Ministers Thiri Zayya Thingyan and Thiri Nanda Thingyan,
82 Assistant Ministers Thiri Bhaya Kyaw Htin and Nanda Bhaya Kyaw Htin, Heralds Dewa Thiri and Nanda Thiri shall take charge of the securities at the Palace while His Majesty is away from the Capital City on the Mo Wun Campaign. (2) The officer-in-Charge of the City is held responsible for the security of the City; he shall have Feringi, Tavoy, Tenasserim and Yakhine mercenaries to man the Gates; put 100 men to guard each gate, 50 men to guard each of the big turrets and 30 men to guard each of the small turrets. (3) Negligence of duty and feigning sickness to avoid duty among the guards small be punished severely. (4) Give 100 lashes as punishment for foul languages used by pleaders at the Hluttaw and officers including senior ones shall be put in the sun for similar offences. (5) Ministers Thiri Zaya Thura and Thiri Yaza Thura, Deputy Ministers Letya Zaya Thura and Letwe Zayya Thura small take charge of the Hluttaw. (6) The Hluttaw is given the over-all charge of the Palace as well as the City and it shall punish anyone who disobeys this order.
83 This order was proclaimed on 22 November 1637.
9 December 1637 Order : (1) Take the following steps as a precaution against fire in the City: a/ A house must have 5 to 10 poles with hooks attached. b/ Put pots full of water on the ridge of the roof of each house. c/ Cook food only in a pit 4½ ft (1.3716 metres) deep. d/ Start cooking food at a signal by gong given at 9.15 am and all cooking must be over when another signal is given at 11.00 am in the morning and the time for cooking in the evening is between 3.30 pm and 4.45 pm. e/ After the cooking period is over, Fire Wardens shall check a cooking place by putting a feather in the ash and if it singes, the people of that house where the feather singes, shall be sent to the Court of the East to be tried and punished. f/ Fire Wardens shall go the round of checking five times in a day. g/ Men should not go about in the streets smoking tobacco pipes and anyone found smoking a pipe in the street
84 shall be given 100 lashes of the whip. (2) Without any special reason no one is allowed in the streets after 9.00 pm and for a very important business a person shall go about with a lantern in his or her hand. (3) When a thief is found and a cry is raised for help, all people who hers it must go to the place where help is needed and a failure to do so shall be punished with 50 lashes of the whip. (4) Elders above seventy years of age shall go to any Religious Establishment around his or her residence and do some meritorious deed on behalf of the King every day. This order was proclaimed at the Hluttaw by the Chief of Heralds on 9 December 1637.
11 December 1637 Order: (1) Mo Wun Campaign shall start on 26 December 1637. (2) Vassals, each with a levy of 1,000 men shall wait at his own town and join the main body of troops when it passes through or near his town. (3) Put down in the Register of the Fighting Forces the name. age, the day when he was born and address of each
85 fighting man. This order was proclaimed on 11 December 1637.
11 December 1637 Order: (1) Judges shall use the Dhammathat and Yajathat without any prejudice. (2) Expenses of a law suit should not be very heavy. (3) Debtors are not to be brought to the Court in bonds; bonds are only for the criminals. (4) Shop dealing in silver must have a license and it should not be asked to pay taxes more than what is customary. (5) Officer-in-Charge of the City shall be severely punished if it were found that people were subjected to various oppressions while His Majesty was on the Mo Wun campaign. This order was proclaimed on 11 December 1637.
11 December 1637 Order: (1) Min Ye Thagathu shall march in advance to Mo Wun with 1,000 men, 10 cannons, 100 guns and 300 bows. (2) Similarly Min Ye Yazathu, Min Ye Kyaw Zwa Kyaw, Min Ye Nayathu, Min Ye Sekkathu would be given each a contingent of men to march in advance.
86 (3) Satay Commander of Horses would be given 500 men, 5 cannons, 100 guns and 300 bows to march in advance too. (4) Brahmans versed in astrology and mantras shall go with the marching forces. This order was proclaimed at the Hluttaw by the Chief of Heralds on 11 December 1637.
14 December 1637
Order: (1) All the Fighting Men shall observe the following during the Mo Wun Campaign: a / Must not kill birds and beasts to eat b / Must not loot and plunder c / Must not molest girls or married young women d / Must not fight among themselves e / Must not wander too far away from the marching column f / Must not neglect the sentry duty g / Must not destroy the weapons or must be able to give a satisfactory explanation when a weapon is destroyed. (2) The magicians shall perform all magic to bring success to the campaign. (3) Musical troupes of Indians, Shans and Burmese must accompany the troops.
87 (4) Parama Maha Rajaguru, Sayadaw of Hne Lanka and Sayadaw of Maha Wun must go in palanquins and followed by eight disciples, in front of the marching men on the first stage of the march. This order was proclaimed at the Hluttaw by the Chief of Heralds on 11 December 1637.
4 February 1638
Order: (1) Appoint Nanda Pyan Chi, formerly known as Nga Tha Ya, officer-in-Charge of Ten War Boats called Ye Hlay stationed at Syriam. (2) Carry out the duties with conscience and give the best possible service. This order was proclaimed on 4 February 1638.
7 February 1638 Order: (1) Define which area is given to which group of service men and clear discrepencies specially among the Four Groups of Elephant Men serving the Palace: 1. Win 2. Atwin Si Daw 3. Zanet Pala and 4. Si Daw and Nine Groups of Elephant Men who captures the wild elephants: 1. Chiengmai 2. Keng Yon and Keng Hse
88 3. Thein Zi 4. Letya 5. Zaw Ta Ei 6. Han Ti 7. Han Lyet 8. Toungoo and 9. Pyi. (2) Give the usual offerings to Paramesvara and U Dain Min Saw, two Guardian Gods of Elephants and do the magical rites in order to get as many as possible the best kind of elephants from the forest. (3) Every month two Elephant Groups should team up to catch wild elephants and bring the elephants captured to the stockade at Prome and Salin. (4) Give land 1.25 pe (2.187 acres/0.885 hectre) in the minimum to 7.5 pe (13.125 acres/3.315 hectres) in the maximum to each of the 555 elephant Men of the Nine Groups with 279 elephants including sucklings, at the following places: Ah Laung Kyun Aung Tha Chaung Ku Hke (in the Yaw area) Hpaung Lin Hsa Htone Hsin Gya Htan Han Kala Me Kalan Kala Thain Ga Kan Le Kan Tar Kan Tu Kin Kyauk Se Kyauk Yit
89 Kyee Me Kyone Daik Le Hpyu Le Zin Ma Gyee Bya Ma Lun Tin Man Gyo Ma U Sin Dan Mindon Myaung Hson Gyi Myay Zoon Myin Shit Se Na Det Na Nwin Gaing Nga Hkon Nyaung Bin Gon Pan Daw Pe Gin Poppa Gaing Prome Pyaung Pya Salin Sagu Shwe Bon Tha Taung Gyaung Tha Bauk Tha Hkoot Than Lauk Thit Seint Wun Byi Yay Za Gyo and Ye Ba Daing.
This order was proclaimed by Taman Thazi, Chief of Lightning Shields on 7 February 1638.
13 February 1638 Order: (1) Starting from 13 February 1638, meansure again the land to live and to cultivate given at various places to different groups of men in the Fighting Forces. (2) The measuring of the said lands are to be carried out by Nga Tet Tu, Nga Yan Aung, Nga Tet Hkaung, Wet Lu Za, Nga Zin Yaing Za and Yan Tok Pa.
90 (3) Register the name, sex, age and the day when the person was born, of all men in the Fighting Forces and their families. (4) Give 5 pe (8.75 acreas/ 3.453 hectres) of land to each man in the Fighting Forces at these areas : Kyak Sein Kyay Mun Shwe Ywa Myaung Hla Na Mya Saw Hla Thin Daung In Ywa and Ywa Pon. (This order was proclaimed on 13 February 1638).
21 February 1638 Order: (1) Give one group (Thin) of men in the King's Service 250 pe (437.5 acres/177.1875 hectres) of land; there are 64 groups. (2) Give group leaders villages to enjoy as fiefs in the townships of Le Hla and 10 villages not included in the Prome Taik Saku and Toungoo. (3) Give these leaders their insignias of rank and they must come annually to the Palace to pay their tributes. This Order was proclaimed by Taman Thazi, Chief of Lightning Shields, on 21 February 1638.
91 (31) March 1638 Order: (1) Repair one thousand old pagodas to commemorate the one Thousandth Year of the Thaggayit Era (started in AD 638 and still in use in Burma) that begins on (31) March 1638. (2) Fix a finial (Hti) on each of the repaired pagodas and perform again the consecration ceremony (Anekaja) at each pagoda. (3) Give food and new copies of the Pitaka to the monks. (4) Ordain one thousand monks. (5) Rededicate former Religious Lands to their respective Religious Establishments. (6) Repair old monasteries, ordination halls, rest houses and assembly halls. (7) Consecrate again the ordination halls. (8) Hold the Ceremony of Pouring Water at the Bodhi Tree as well as over the Buddha Images by 1,000 men (250 from each sector of the Palace) carrying 1,000 pots of water and 1,000 banners, on 16 April 1638. (9) Bring into the Royal Presence for inspection the glass bottles of perfume and rose water together with gold and silver pots and trays with stand.
92 This order was proclaimed at the Hluttaw by the Chief of Heralds on (31) March 1638.
3 April 1638 King Founder of the Rajamanicula (Sagaing Kaung Hmu Daw) was the middle son of King Sirisudhammarajamahadhipati (Nyaung Yan, 1600- 1606) who had had his Palace at Shwe Wa (Ava). The Buddha left a prophecy that this King Founder of Rajamanicula is a Bodhisattva. As a king he would have a golden palace palace with great splendour and he would uphold the Buddha's Religion. He shall enjoy a long and peaceful reign. Order: (1) Prepare a Pageant (Htwet Taw Mu Gyi) on 16 April 1638 when His Majesty visits the Bon San Tu Loot Monastery at Pinya. (2) Pull the Gold Chariot by four gold chains, each manned by the Horse Men from the Nan U Horse, Nan Dwin Horse and Shwe Pyi Horse and Gunners of Nauk Taw Pa, Pinya, Shwe Myo Daw and Tada U shall hold the four gold chains of the rear of the Carriage. (3) Bring the Regalia and use the Horse Men of the Mintaya Horse and Nat Shin Horse. This order was proclaimed at the Hluttaw by the Chief of Heralds on 3 April 1638.
93 3 April 1638 Order: (1) Take Abhaya Gamani and Nanda Yawda as model officers. Abhaya Gamani served King Nyaung Yan (1600-1606) as a Personal Guard (Ko Hmu) and took charge of all the affairs of the Interior (Atwin Daw). He also considered it his duty to check all weapons kept in the Palace and to supervise the Guards of the Palace. Later he become the Officer-in-Charge of Twin Thin as well as the Officer-in-Charge of Shields. He was so loyal, righteous and clever in all affairs of state that the King trusted him immensely. Nanda Yawda once served the Lord of Prome but he was brought to Ava after Prome but he was brought to Ava after Prome fell and he served King Anaukphetlun (1606-1628). He made himself useful by observing everything that the King should know and reported them when asked very faithfully. In fact it was the King was trained him to be abservant and he in turn helped others so that they could work with diligence. It seemed that he was wakeful for most of the time so that nothing untoward could happened in the Palace without his knowledge. He also know provincial affiars well. He was therefore promoted a minister. The way he worked was quite remarkable. He would be up from bed before dawn. At the break of day he would be fully dressed and he was ready to receive visitors in the front room of his residence. He received petitions and he
94 would help the petitioners in all possible ways. At 9.00 am he came to his office and carry on with the affiars of state from the point where he left the other day. He would accept gifts given in gratitude but was always careful that these gifts did not become bribes. In another words, when punishments were waived, gifts become bribes. Since he was too occupied in pleasing the King, one should not think that he would be harsh without any kindness or justice in dealing with people in general. He was most considerate with the people who came to him with a grievance. This order was proclaimed when His Majesty came to the Bye Daik on 3 April 1638.
4 April 1638 Order: (1) Repair old pagodas, monasteries, ordination halls, weirs, tanks, wells and canals. (2) Gilt the pagodas and put new finials on top of them. (3) Conduct the Consecration Ceremony (Anekaja) again at the repaired pagodas. (4) Put up new stone inscriptions at each Religious Monument recording its history and the extent of land given in its maintenance. (5) Give a new name to a repaired monastery and send an iron seal with the new name engraved on it to the monastery.
95 (6) Copy new sets of the Pitaka, using black tree gum to write on cloth and stylus on palm-leaves; there would be 1,008,000 palm-leaves or 84,000 anga. (7) Keep the new sets of the Pitaka in the Palace Archives. (8) Appoint in this programme of Pitaka copying, 20 leearned monks as Editors-in-Chief, 30 as Editors and 10 as Sub- Editors and let them work within the precincts of the Maha Myat Muni Pagoda. Ministers shall provide food and other necessities for them. Get scribes and clerks for this commission and the office of Religious Affairs shall act as the office of liasion so that this commission could carry out its work with efficiency. (9) Put 30 Shans of the North on guard duty where the Commission is working. (10) The Officer-in-Charge of the Granaries shall look after the food ration and various allowances for all those people in connection with this commission. This order was proclaimed at the Hluttaw by the Chief of Heralds on 4 April 1638.
11 April 1638
Order: (1) Provide an escort of 500 men of the Indian Mercenaries
96 when the Party headed by the Reverend Monk Taung Bi La Pokko Gyaw goes on 16 April 1638 in search of the two Foot-Prints of the Buddha said to be located by the river bank of Namanda and lost in forest for the past two centuries. (2) Convey the Party down the Irrawaddy to Minbu on four big house boats manned by 120 boatmen of Ye and Tavoy. (3) Authorise the Party to commandeer porters, pack animals and bullock carts. This order was proclaimed at the Hluttaw by the Chief of Heralds on 11 April 1638.
14 April 1638 Order: (1) Take the advice of Thiri Dhamma Min Ye in preparong the Pageant (for which the order was passed on 3 April 1638) so that the arrangements of men, carriages, horses, elephants, etc. would be in propriety with the astrological calculations. (2) Inscribe the name of the monastery on stone as the Bon San Tu Lut and the Reverend Monk Sirisumaharatanadhi- dhammalankara would be given of the monastery. (3) Invite one thousand monks of the Capital as well as Sagaing, Tada U, Pinya, etc. to attend the ceremony of
97 handing over the monastery to the monk. (4) Made ready the gifts to be given to the invited monks. This order was proclaimed at the Hluttaw by the Chief of Heralds on 14 April 1638.
22 April 1638 Order: (1) Use 10,008 ivory plaquws, 10,008 gold plates, 10,008 silver plates supplied by the Interior (Atwin Daw), to copy the Pitaka. (2) Give provisions supplied by the office of Granaries, to the monks of the Editorial Board, Pitaka Copying Commission. (3) Bring the daily food to the Palace for inspection before they are sent to the monks of the Commission. (4) The Officer-in-Charge of the Religious Affairs shall take the responsibility that the would task of the Commission comes to a successful end. This Order was proclaimed at the Hluttaw by the Chief of Heralds on 22 April 1638.
8 May 1638 Order: (1) Give the insignias of rank (equal to that of the Crown Prince) to the King's brother Min Ye Kyaw Zwa. This Order was proclaimed at the Hluttaw by the Chief of heralds
98 on 8 May 1638.
16 May 1638 Order: (1) Keep the thread that had been wound round the Buddha's Foot-Print at Namanda and brought back to the Capital City by the four reverend monks Anandadhaja. Ariyalankara, Tilokalankara and Sirisudhammaraja the Taung Bi La Sayadaw, as a treasure of the Palace. (2) Send threads of the same length to various Sawbwas under the King. This order was passed on 16 May 1638 when the Party that went in search of the Buddha's Foot-Prints on the Namanda came back. (The Report of the Party is attached).
8 June 1638 Order: (1) Send cloth and tea as the Royal Help (Aku Daw) on the death of monks, brahmans and lay devotees at the monasteries in the City, Tada U, Pinya, Taywin Chay, Sagaing, etc. (2) The Officer-in-Charge of the City is given this duty. This Order was proclaimed at the Hluttaw by the Chief of Heralds on 8 June 1638.
10 June 1638 Order: (1) Invite the senior monks of the City (up to the number of
99 108) to a feast at the Shwe Zigon pagoda on the Full Moon Day and No Moon Day of every month. (2) Take rice from the Officer-in-Charge of the Granaries, curry from the Judges and dessert from Zawtayit. This Order was proclaimed on 10 June 1638.
10 June 1638 Order: (1) Discourage the union of a female servant of the King with a male slave of any other owner. This Order was made when His Majesty came to the Bye Daik on 10 June 1638 and saw the list of slaves owned by Prince Min Ye Kyaw Zwa.
21 June 1638 Order: (1) Do not harass the Five Groups of Gadu Workers engaged in extracting gold, tree gum, amber, precious gems and iron by calling upon them to take part in some of the Public Works or by being taken away by people to whom they owe debts. (2) Do not neglect offerings made to Titthanasati, the Guardian God of these precious gems and metals. (3) Let them work at any promising place (without exception) to extract these metals, etc. (4) Enlist all children (both male and female) of a union
100 between a member of these five groups of Gadu and an outsider, in one of these groups. This order was made when His Majesty came to the Bye Daik on 21 June 1638; later it was proclaimed by Herald Zay Taya Taman.
(30) June 1638 Order: (1) Invite the eighty most aged monks who live in the suburbs of the City and in Tada U, Pinya, Sagaing and who had never been invited to a feast by the King before, to a feast at the Palace on 14 July 1638; this is to be considered as a supplement of the Celebration of one Thousandth Anniversary of the Thagayit Era. (2) Invite all other monks to a feast at the Hluttaw. (3) Get one thousand of every item of the gifts for the monks as the total number of monks invited would be 1,000. This order was proclaimed at the Hluttaw by the Chief of Heralds on (30) June 1638.
9 July 1638 Order: (1) Recruit boatmen from the communities of Ayut'ia, Bassein, Hanthawaddy, Martaban and Tennasserim so that each boat called Hlawga or each barge called Hpaung Daw which now has only 40 or 50 men has fully 100 men. (2) Train the recruits in boatmanship well.
101 (3) Classify the daughters of clerks, etc. employed in the administration as women of the commonfolk (Athi Ma). (4) Add 100 men and 100 women to the Forty Groups of the servants of the Palace under the Officer-in-Charge of the West; recruit them from the communities of other towns like Ayut'ia, Bassein, Hanthawaddy, Martaban, Tennasserim, etc. (5) Add men at each of the Nine City Gates so that there are 100 men at each gate with men from the nine Maw States, Chiengmai and Keng Hse. (6) Recruit 100 men from each community of men from Mindon, Salin, Syriam, Thayaykhittaya and Toungoo as watchmen at the turrets of the City Wall, Earth Palace, Main Tower, Hluttaw, East Court, West Court and Palace Yard Court. (7) Assign 100 men from Nyaung Yan as ushers (Nay Ya Daw Hkin). (8) Add 50 men to the Group of Sweepers. (9) Get 40 office boys at each of the offices of Hluttaw, East, West, South and Palace Yard. This Order was proclaimed at the Hluttaw by the Chief of Heralds on 5 July 1638.
24 July 1638 Order: (1) Make one Group of Gunners 100 strong and give each man
102 a gun with all accessories and give all of them a good training to shoot provided they do not practise on life targets; the Group of Gunners are: Kala Byo Feringi Ip Hpan Daw Myay Nan Nauk Taw Pa Pinya Shwe Myo Daw Tada U Thu Nge Daw and Wun Gyin.
(2) Recruit the men from the communities of : Chiengmai Dala Kukhan Gyi Nyaung Yan Pagan Prome Sittang Syriam Tavoy Tennasserim Thayawaddy Toungoo and Ye. (3) Allocate the night duty at the Palace as follows: Letya Thwe Thauk Letwe Thwe Thauk and Myay Nan Thay Nat at the Myay Nan;
Thu Ye Kyaw Dan and the Bye Daik and Wun Gyin Thay Nat at the Zay Da Wun Saung Hpwa Bet Kyaw at their own barracks
Daing Daw at the Left Marabin Gate Shay Si Yin Su Thay Nat at the Inner Marabin and
103 Swe Lay and Wun Gyin Thay Nat at the West Marabin.
(4) Put one hundred guards at the Nine City Gates on twenty four duty and make them check the bolts, supporting beams, etc. so that they are always in good order. (5) Allow no infringement of one group upon another in carrying out its allotted duty. This order was proclaimed at the Hluttaw by the Chief of Heralds on 24 July 1638.
24 July 1638 Order: (1) Invite monks to a feast and offer them gifts at the close of every season of the year (i.e. the Dry Season, Wet Season d the Cool Season). (2) Collect old images at all Religious Establishments and repair them in the Hall of the Shwe Zigon pagoda; invite 108 monks and perform the Ceremony of Consecration called the Anekaja when the repairs have been made; made proper arrangements to send them back to their original places. (3) Make the image of Aggasita the Hermit and send it east across the river with offerings on 24 August 1638; take the advice of Brahman Ajagaru for details in carrying out this Order.
104 This Order was proclaimed at the Hluttaw by the Chief of Heralds on 24 July 1638.
2 September 1638 Order: (1) Celebrate the Light Festival on 11 and 12 September 1638. (2) Officers and men in the service of the King are expected to attend the festivals at the Court properly dressed in their best ceremonial robes; any negligence in the attire shall be punished. This order was proclaimed at the Hluttaw by the Chief of Heralds on 2 September 1638.
9 September 1638 Order: Select man of special talent among the men brought over to the Capital City after each campaign against Chiengmai, Prome, Toungoo, etc. and employ them in the trade in which they are most skilful. This order was proclaimed on 9 September 1638.
18 September 1638 Order: (1) Carelessness or negligence of any kind in wearing the ceremonial robes by officers and men of the Court would not be tolerated at the ceremonies of : Light Festival Occupying a New Palace
105 Occupying a New Palace Apartment Opening the Bye Daik Opening the Hluttaw Royal Audience and Royal Visit to the Elephant Stockade.
(2) Omission to use any item of the given insignia of rank would also be punished. (3) After being seated in the Ceremonial Hall, a change of seat would be punished with 100 lashes. This Order was proclaimed at the Hluttaw by the Chief of Heralds on 18 September 1638.
21 September 1638 Order: (1) Make the funeral of Rajasirijeyyasankhaya of the Taw Nay Ya, as befitting his rank and status. (2) Issue the mask, funeral robe and one tical of silver to be put in the mouth of the deceased, from the Interior (Atwin Daw). (3) Send the Royal Help (Aku Daw). This Order was proclaimed at the Hluttaw by the Chief of Heralds on 21 September 1638.
24 September 1638 Order: Build a pavilion of multiple roofs only for a big occasion. This Order was given as an answer to a query by Myo Thit Nge Za and the Chief of Ayay Ma Hso Daing on 24 September 1638.
106 28 September 1638 Order: (1) Get the four castes clearly defined. (2) Get the four forces well organised; ten men should have one leader (Gaung), ten leaders have one chief (Sitke), ten chiefs have one major (Bohmu), ten majors have one general (Sit Thugyi) and ten generals have one commander - in- chief (Min), thus one Commander-in-Chief has under him 100,000 men; considering that one man could have a family of five to ten people and therefore the family members of the men of the fighting force the family members of the men of the fighting forces could come up to a number between 500,000 to 1,000,000 people; as a gardener tends his trees, so a Commander-in-Chief helps his people to live happily and to prosper well. (3) Encourage lads and lasses to get married when they come of age and arrange that widows or widowers could marry again. (4) Explain the mission before a man is sent to do it so that he would execute the order with seriousness. (5) Make a population count in order to know the increase. (6) Defer the Ordination Service of the Buddhist Order of Monks for four years so that checking could be made to prevent the undesirables from entering the monkhood.
107 (7) Execute all state affairs with effeciency and fairness. (8) Consider the recent rebellion at Moulmein that was most severely suppressed on 13 June 1638 and know that any such attempt is futile. This Order was proclaimed on 28 September 1628.
4 October 1638 Order: (1) Build a special pavilion for the white Elephant Sirinaga. (2) Put forty men from Thayawady as attendants of the White Elephant. (3) Appoint Naga Nanthu as the Mahout and Naga Waylu and Naga Sanda as his assistants. This Order was proclaimed at the Hluttaw by the Chief of Heralds on 4 October 1638.
8 October 1638 Order: (1) No officer shall use the insignia above his rank. (2) Remove Min Ye Sithu from being the Officer-in-Charge of Martaban as a punishment for using the insignias above his rank. (3) Punish his advisers; Min Ye Sithu would not be given any other punishment as he is one of the Royal Family. (4) Seize the weapons from the retinue of Min Ye Sithu and the Officer of Revenue shall make a List of the seized
108 weapons. This Order was proclaimed at the Hluttaw by the Chief of Heralds on 8 October 1638.
15 October 1638 Order: (1) Get the Hlawga boats ready for emergency use as His majesty is crossing over the Irrawaddy to the Rajamanicula Pagoda in a golden canoe (Shwe Laung) and as the weather is unpredictable, a storm might appear before the crossing is over.
(2) Prince Min Ye Kyaw Zaw, His Majesty's Brother, and other senior princes together with the Prince-in-Charge of the Horses shall accompany the trip also in boats.
(3) Notify the City Gate Keepers that during the Royal trip they are not to allow anyone either to leave or enter the City.
(4) Stand by the Officer-in-Charge of the City and his staff including one Chief of One Thousand Men at the City Office, one Assistant Minister and one Herald at the Palace, one Minister, one Deputy Minister, one Senior Clerk and one Clerk of the Palace Stores at the Hluttaw. This Order was proclaimed at the Hluttaw by the Chief of Heralds on 15 October 1638.
109 (15 October 1638) Order: Min Ye Aung Htin, the King's nephew and Prince Amyint, the King's son, shall eat the pickled tea (Lahpet) together in the King's presence as a mark of reconciliation after the Prince Amyint had had attempted, though unsuccessfully, to assassinate Min Ye Aung Htin. This Order was proclaimed on (15 October 1638).
(15 October 1638) Order: (1) One Minister, one Deputy Minister, one Senior clerk must take charge of the funeral of the King's Brother Min Ye Kyaw Zwa.
(2) Take the funeral of Prince Toungoo, King Hanthawaddy Hsinbyushin's Brother, as a model for all the funeral arrangements. This Order was proclaimed on (15 October 1638).
20 October 1638 Order: Give the insignias befitting their ranks to Min Ye Aung Htin, son of the late King, and Min Ye Kyaw Htin, Min Ye Kyaw Hkaung, Min Ye Thiha Yaza and Min Ye Thiha Thu who are the four sons of the present reigning Lord. This Order was proclaimed by the Chief of Heralds on 20 October 1638.
110
1 November 1638 Order: (1) March to Mo Wun.
(2) Thiri Dhamma Min Ye is appointed the Commander-in- Chief of this military expedition and Thiri Dhamma Min Hpya, Thiri Dhamma Min Saw and Thiri Maha Min Saw are appointed Cammanders.
(3) Observe the following as the Burmese forces would be going to places in proximity with those under the Chinese: a / Men should not be scattered during the march from one camp to another. b / Officers and men should take collective responsibility. c / All provisions are to be kept within the camp and no small groups should be sent out to gather food or collect fuel or fetch water. d / Sentry duty should be given to thirty men while the main body of the forces is resting in the camp and they should be scattered in groups of five within a mile / 1.609 kilometres of the camp and whistle signals should be arranged before hand. e / Animals of the army should be well fed. f / Sawbwas should supply the provisions. g / Weapons should be kept always in good condition. h / Cooking and eating should be over by 9.00 am in the
111 morning; men should march until 4.00 pm in the evening; and cooking and eating the evening meal should be over before sun down. i / Officers should hold a meeting after the evening meal to discuss next day's programme. j / Officers should take turn to sleep so that half of them shall remain awake at any time during the night. This Order was proclaimed at the Hluttaw by the Chief of Heralds on 1 November 1638 and copies of it were given to all Commanders who took part in the campaign.
1 November 1638 Order: (1) Report the progress of the Mo Wun Camoaign.
(2) Minister Maha Thiri Zayya Thura, Deputy Minister Nay Myo Thin Hka Ya and Senior Clerk Tuyin Way Thaw must do the reporting regularly.
(3) Men of undesirable characters (including those in the retinue of Prince Commanders) are to be tried by a tribunal and reports of such trials must also be sent to the Capital. This Order was proclaimed on 1 November 1638.
4 November 1638 Order: (1) The funeral of Prince Thiri Dhamma Min Saw should be
112 arranged in the prescribed form. (2) Confer the posthumous title of Sirimahadhammarajasura on the deceased Prince. This Order was proclaimed at the Hluttaw by the Chief of Heralds on 4 November 1638.
28 December 1638 Order: (1) The funeral of Min Ye Kyaw Htin, Officer-in-Charge of Hanthawaddy, should be carried out by the local customs as in the case of the funeral of Min Ye Sithu, Officer-in- Charge of Martaban, before him.
(2) Although the deceased Prince was of the Royal Family, he had died as an officer in charge of a town and so he shall be buried like one of those officers. This Order was proclaimed at the Hluttaw by the Chief of Heralds on 28 December 1638.
28 December 1638 Order: Made Prince Pintale the Crown Prince in as much the same way as Pinya King Sihasura made his son Prince Sankhaya a king at Sagaing on 26 August 1312. This Order was proclaimed at the Hluttaw by the Chief of Heralds on 28 December 1638.
113 12 January 1639 Order: Punish Nga Ta Lut Ngay of the Guard Station (Kin) of Kyauk Maw under Toungoo and his associates for destroying the stone pillar marking the limits of a Religious Land. This Order was proclaimed at the Hluttaw by the Chief of Heralds on 12 January 1639.
(12 January) 1639 Order: (1) Reorganise the following Horse Groups which were founded by Sagaing Athin Hkaya in about 1318. Hket Lon Kyaung Thin Lak Yway Gyi Lak Yway Nge Myin The Gyi Pyin Zi Saw Pwoot O Tama Hka and Yu Daw Mu.
(2) Reorganise the following Horse Groups which were founded by Maha Uccana on 18 January 1323. Chiengmai Ain Shay Daw Pakhan Kyun Daw Haung Lon Pauk Nyaung Yan Pagan Pinya Tavay Ta Yok Thin Gyi and Vieng Cheng (Linzin).
(3) Reorganise the following Horse Groups which were founded (early in the 17th century).
114 Kyauk Sauk Lambu Letwe Letya Nauk Shay Thin Daung and Yet Khan Kan Zaung.
(4) Increase the number of men to 100 in the following groups (the Fighting Forces called Thwe Thauk are shown by astericks):
* Ain Tha Daw Amyauk *Feringi Hlaw Ga Hlay Thin Daw Kattu *Myay Nan * Nauk Wun Gyin Shwe Ka Shwe Lay * Shwe Myo Daw * Tada U * Thu Nge Daw and Ye Hlay. (5) Make each Group of Commonfolks (Athi) 300 strong by allowing Shans to settle among them. (6) Tax payable in copper by each family of commonfolks (Athi) is 2½ viss (9.125 lbs / 4.1391 kg) a year, each family of a man of one of the Horse Groups 2½ viss a year and each family of a man of one of the Elephant Groups 3 viss (10.95 lbs / 4.96692 kg) a year. (7) For the Palace Kitchen, the Divisions (Taik) of Twin Thin and Hlaw Ka Thon Htaung shall supply the following:
115 Chili Fish Fish Paste Fruits Garlic Ginger Oil Onion Rice Saffron Salt and Vege Tables.
(8) The duty of lighting the Palace at dusk is given to the Groups of Shwe Da and Thet Ka Dan in all the four quarters of the Palace; in the apartments use the candles (6 to 12 according to the size of the room) and along the passages the oil lamps. This Order was proclaimed at the Hluttaw by the Chief of Heralds on (12 January) 1639.
28 March 1639 Order: (1) The Scions of the Ancient Dynasties of Bassein Dagon Martaban Myin Zaing Pagan Pegu Pinya Sagaing Sittang Thayaykhittaya and Toungoo
cannot be considered as members of the Royal family. (2) Let the able-bodied male descendants of these Ancient Dynasties join the Fighting Forces of
116 Banya Dala Nanda Sithu Nanda Thiri Shin Htwe Shin Kyine Zaya Thin Hkaya and Zaya Ottama
This Order was proclaimed at the Hluttaw by the Chief of Heralds on 28 March 1638.
15 April 1639 Ordrr: (1) Brahman Astrologers and Mantra Experts shall enter the Palace by the West Gate and assemble at the Earth Palace to co-ordinate their findings of the future and present only one version of their presictions. (2) Refer their decisions of having one intercalary month and to keep the number of days in Nayon as usual in Thagayit 1001, to Toungoo Sayadaw Lankaradhajaguru and Sayadaw Sirirajaguru. This Order was proclaimed on 15 April 1639.
25 April 1639 Order: (1) Allow trial by ordeal only when evidence is not available; never allow it as a favour to one party that could bribe the Judge; in fact bribery is not tolerated.
(2) Send cases to the Hluttaw only when local courts find them too difficult to handle by themselves.
(3) Send half the Court Frees and Fines to the Royal Treasury.
117 (4) Give ten per cent of the Toll Tax to the Collector and send the residue to the Royal Treasury; collect from ½ Kyat to 10 Kyats from each boat and the amount to be exacted depends on the size of the boat; collect ¼ Kyat from each pack animal.
(5) Guards should not be called away from their posts for any other duty; men of each locality should not be assigned to do a Public Work elsewherel a written Order from the Hluttaw is necessary to take men away for work outside their locality.
(6) The Chief of Letma Htauk shall deal with all petty crimes.
(7) Organise work groups with both town-folks and village- folks for the funeral of a monk or for such festivals as the Water Pouring over the Bodhi Tree in the Second Month of the Year (Kason) and the Regatta in the Six Month of the Year (Tawthalin). This Order was proclaimed at the Hluttaw by the Chief of Heralds on 25 April 1639.
11 September 1639 Order: (1) Reorganise the Toungoo, Toungme and Talan Karen workers employed in extracting silver since 9 September 1173 and the Pan Yi Karen workers employed in extracting gold since 6 September 1174.
118 (2) The office of the Crown Prince (Pintale) shall take charge of the gold and silver when these workers came to the Palace to offer them. This Order was proclaimed on 11 September 1639.
8 September 1640 Order: The Statement made under an oath with reference to the Law of Inheritance among the Chiefs of the Workers on extracting Gold and Silver by the following people on 14 July 1640 is accepted Nyaung Wun Chief (aged 73 years) Tama Hka Chief (aged 55 years) Thit Nyo Chief (aged 80 years) and Toung Ywa Chief Nga Shwe Maung (age 80 years)
and other independent witnesses like
Ma Hti Chief Nga Tha Yauk Chief Pa Zin Mi Hnaung Pyi Ga Daw Shin Mi Myo Lauk Yay Myak Chief and Ywa Tha Ya Chief Nge Chit Hla.
This Order was proclaimed at the Bye Daik on 8 September 1640.
29 April 1641 Order: (1) Acknowledge the receipt of the Remonstrance Pinya Aung Dut Kyaung Maharatanakara Sayadaw on summoning monks to appear at the Hluttaw for intertogation in connection with the fire at the City on 29 April 1641.
119 (2) Stop summoning monks to the Hluttaw for interrogation. This Order was proclaimed on (29 April 1641).
24 January 1642 Order: (1) Invite Anandadhaja the Sayadaw of Anuruddha, to the Hluttaw and ask him the following: a / The original height of the Dagon Pagoda could not be the present 200 cubits (300 ft / 91.44 metres); who raised it to this height? b / What were the original shapes and size? c / Who was the donor of the finial 7 cubits (10.5 ft / 3.2004 meters) high with a base diameter of 2.35 cubits (3.5 ft / 1.0668 metre)?
(2) Report the answers of the Sayadaw.
This Order was proclaimed at the Hluttaw by the Chief of Heralds on 24 January 1642. Order: Send for the Lady Donor of a monastery for Saramancu at the Winido Monastic Establishment to appear at the Court and tell her that she could not reap the full benifit of building a monastery a / if she had allowed any propriations made to spirits to avert any harm to workers during the constructions, b / if she had used part of the monastery as her own store
120 house, c / if she had made use of the services of the monks in any of her various businesses, and d / if she has been using one of the monks of the monastery as her medicine man; and also tell her that the nirvana would be the ultimate reward if she continue supplying the four requisites of the monks to her monastery so that the monks who come to reside there could carry on with their own work without any difficulty. This Order was proclaimed on 16 February 1642.
(16 February 1642) Order: Invite Dhammarasi and Saramancu, disciples of late (Vinayadhara) Sayadaw to the Alms House at the Gu Daw Thit Temple and convey to them the following points: a / the monastery which has now been put in charge of Saramancu is meant really for all mnoks. b / the monks who come to reside there must first learn the Buddha's Teachings, then to practise the Teachings and finally to work everything in the interest of the Religion so that the Buddha's Religion would last long, c / the chief of the monastery is in fact the organiser
121 of the said three things otherwise known as Pariyatti, Patipatti and Pativeda. Copies of this Order are sent to Ratanakara Sayadaw and Ashin Tisasanajota. This Order was proclaimed on (16 February 1642).
18 February 1642 After receiving the copy of the Royal Order of 16 February 1642, Chief Monk of Ratanakara replied: The good lay Devotee's work of merit coincides with good time (kala) when the ruling king is good, the good place (desa) where Buddhism flourished, and the good effort (payoga) where an abode for monks is made and therefore it is all right to exclaim "Well Done" (Sadhu).
18 February 1642 After receiving the copy of the Royal Order of 16 February 1642, Chief Monk Tisasanajota replied: Any kind of giving is generally termed good but not all the givings are really good especially when it is done because of fear or favour. Now the gift made by the lay Lady Devotee in the form of a building for (Saramancu) is the best possible form of gift to a most deserving man and therefore we consider it proper to exclaim "Well Done" (Sadhu).
122 18 February 1642 Order: Summon the Lady Donor of the Monastery of Saramancu to the Court and read to her the replies given by the two monks. This Order was proclaimed on 18 February 1642.
(18 February 1642) It is a hard chance to be born a man; it is a hard chance to be born a man during the time of the Buddha; it is a hard chance for that particular man to have faith in Buddhism; it is a hard chance for him to meet the Buddha; and it is a hard chance for him to become a member of the Buddhist Order of Monks. Once a man becomes a monk he is expected to do Pariyatti, Patipatti, and Pativeda. A monk who comes up to the expectation deserves help. The Lady Donor had now given the help to a really good monk and in order to show that her work is well appreciated, she would be given a few rewards. Order: Give to the Lady Donor of the Saramancu Monastery the Title of Saddhadhamma and 200 viss of copper, 100 viss of tree gum, 10 viss of red ochre, 1 bale of cloth called Thalu, 6 viss of chili, 3 viss of thread, 1 measure of perfume, 1 measure of Paccam, 3 bales of Pumtaluiw. This Order was proclaimed on (18 February 1642).
123
22 May 1642 Order: (1) Interrogate the monks about the fire at the City on 29 April 1641 and (22 May) 1642; Burmese monks are exempted from this interrogation; interrogate only the monks of non- Burmese origin like those from Ayut'ia, Kathe, Mon, Shan, Tavoy, Tenasserim and Yun, because although they are under the same discipline like the Burmese monks, they might do something prohibited as they could not follow the instructions properly due to language difficulty.
(2) Interrogate also the workers who live outside the walls of the City and who come to the City daily to work as menials or clerks at various offices; such workers of any office shall hold passes issued by the Officer-in-Charge of the City. This Order was proclaimed on 22 May 1642.
(22 May 1642) Order: (1) Reply the Pinya Aung Tut Kyaung Maharatanakara Sayadaw that his Remonstrance is noted and the authorities are quite aware of the fact that a monk is under a Religious Organisation with its own discipline and therefore it is best to leave them alone.
124 (2) Mention in the reply these three points: a / Only monks of non-Burmese origin will be interrogated about the fire in the City on (22 May 1642). b / interrogations will be made at the monasteries where these monks are living and in the presence of the presiding monks of those monasteries and c / there is no intention that all monasteries would be moved outside the walls of the City. This Order was proclaimed on (22 May 1642).
24 May 1642 After having received the Royal Order of 24 January 1642, Sayadaws Anandadhaja and Anuruddha were approached to get the story of the Dagon Pagoda and Ministers Nanda Yawda and Nanda Thin Gyan humbly report: 1 The original height of the Dagon Pagoda was only 120 cubits (180 ft / 54.864 metres) and the finial was 7.33 cubits (11 ft / 3.3528 metres) with the base diameter of 2.33 cubits (3.5 ft / 1.0668 metre). 2 King Ramadhipati (Dhammaceti, 1472-92) repaired it but he added nothing to its size or height. 3 King Mintaya Shwe Hti (1530-1551) put a new finial. 4 King Hanthawassy Hsinbyushin (1554-1581) increased
125 the height of the pagoda to 200 cubits (300 ft / 91.44 metres) and fixed a finial of height 18.5 cubit (27.75 ft / 8.4582 metres) with a base diameter of 9.5 cubit (14.25 ft / 4.3434 metres). He also dedicated 500 servants to look after the pagoda.
5 King Nga Zu Dayaka (1581-1599) had constructed 48 small pagodas around the Dagon Pagoda, a big bronze bell, two enclosure walls, brick stairways, a road leading to the town of Dagon and pagodas each 12 cubit (18 ft / 5.4864 metres) high at regular intervals along this road.
6 All powerful kings did something towards the conservation of this monument. Ministers Nanda Yawda and Nanda Thin Gyan submitted this Report on 24 May 1642.
24 May 1642 Order: (1) Reorganise the following Elephant Groups known by the name of Thwe Thauk founded since 1374: Daung Tha Ma Za Htan Da Bin Za Kokko Chaung Za Kya Hkat Za Lin Nge Gyi Za Ma Hti Lo Za Myo Hla Za Pauk Kaing Za Tha Hla Pin Zi Za Ye De Wa Ye Set Ka Ye Thein Ga
126
Ye Thi Ha Ye Thin Yan Ye Zay Ta Ye Zay Ya Ywa Ma Gyi Za Ywut Thin Yan and Zaik Thin Yan; use men from Chiengmai and the descendants of Old Dynasties and Sawbwas in the reorganisation.
(2) Put a gunner in the howdah called Ye Ka on each elephant that accompanies the King on a trip outside the Palace. (3) Men of the Palace Night Watch (Aip Hle Aip Hpan) should gather at the raised platform in front of the Red Gate on the north of the Hluttaw. (4) As it was done before in 1401, increase the population in some towns and villages where the number of the commonfolks (Athi) at each place should be either 300 or 150 or 100 and take the necessary people from the communities of In Gye, Kachin, Karen, Loo, Myee and Tayoke who came from the north; new people might be sent mostly to places west of the Irrawaddy and Chindwin like Hpyin Ta, Hpyit Thi, Hsa Hton, Hsa Lin, Lin Ga Daw, Ma Be, Pa Dain and Si Tut Ta Ya.
(5) Reorganise the Shan and Yun (Chiengmai) Horse Groups
127 (organised in 1428) so that each group has 50 horsemen and each horseman has one orderly, two Lancemen (one on the left and another on the right), one bearer of baggages and one cook; the Horse Groups to be reorganised are: Bhamo Htan Da Bin Lin Zin (Viengcheng) Lon Pauk Mitthila Nga Ya Ne Shan Ta Ba Yin Tavoy and Yawnghwe:
These horsemen must be given land to live and to cultivate (Nay Nyay Sa Myay) and they would be sent to the City or any town or any outpos on duty. (6) Put under the charge of the Officer-in-Charge of the West the Nanda Sithu Thwe Thauk formed with the relatives of Thado and the Welu Thondara. (7) Give land at Sagaing near the Hkawa Daw Shed measuring 25 ta (62.5 ft / 49.53 metres) square to the Laundry Group (Hkawa Daw); give another piece of land to the Young Men's Group (Thu Nge Daw). (8) Since 8 August 1598 the name Ratanapura was not in use; The new name is Shwe Wa and the City area had been extended largely to the west; the drum and bells to announce the hour were made new; the Palace, Hluttaw,
128 City Gates, East Court, West Court, Courts of the Four Sectors of the Palace and Shrine of Guardian God called Aung Zwa were also built new; in front of each office a bodhi tree was planted; shrines for Sagaing Thawtaban Zayta Bilu and Gonban were also built; the Horse Group of Nyaung Yan were organised then under the following names: Nanda Thiri Thwe Thauk Nanda Sithu Thwe Thauk Shin Htwe Thwe Thauk and Shin Kyine Thwe Thauk.
(9) Give land to the Tile Makers (ok Kyut) at Sagaing near the Laundry and Young Men's Groups. This Order was proclaimed on 24 May 1642. Note: See also the Royal Order of (2 April 1647) on the population problem.
8 August 1642 Order: (1) There should be only one headman at a place; Ta Ba Yin has six; all of them claimed to be the descendants of a common ancestor who was once the Headman of Ta Ba Yin; among them Nga Thitsa alone is worthy of that office. (2) Appoint Nga Thitsa as the Headman of Tabayin; made Nga Chit Nyo ( a joint) Headman. This Order was passed when His Majesty came to the Bye Daik on 8 August 1642.
129
12 February 1643 Order: (1) By primogeniture, the eldest son gets his parents' entire estate and it is ridiculous to have six persons taking the same position of a headman at Ta Ba Yin. (2) Nga Thitsa is knowledgeable in history and old records; appoint him the Headman of Ta Ba Yin with his brother- in-law Nge Chit Nyo Nge as his assistant. (3) Arrest the other five (Nga Shwe Pon, Nga Kyin Bet, Nga Aung Myo and two) and put them in the hands of Nga Thitsa. (4) In former times, rural peopke had no liking to visit the City; they were reluctant even to visit for a while on business; now many of them are found loafing here in the City; send them back; notify the Headmen of villages to recall them. This Order was passed on 12 February 1643.
3 March 1643 Order: Allow a person who has a seat of Nay Ya Daw in the Audience Hall to build and live in a house with Paccu (?Gables with decorations) at both ends of it. This Order was passed when His Najesty came to the Bye Daik on 3 March 1643.
130 31 May 1643 Order: Lay people living at monasteries should declare whether they are the Servants of the Religion or they are the free men but destitutes who take refuge at the monasteries. This Order was proclaimed on 31 May 1643.
20 October 1643 Order: (1) Divide the Guards of the Four Scetors of the Palace into groups: a / Group One consisting the Guards of Marabin, Atwin Daing and Atwin Thin, is on duty for twenty four hours and it has no other duty except this guard duty. b / Group Two consisting the Guards of the Hluttaw and Pyin Daing are on duty at the outer yard of the Palace and only ten men are required at the guard post; the rest would remain idle unless they are employed in the fields. (2) Send the Guards of the Palace who are not on guard duty to the fields to cultivate. This Order was proclaimed at the Hluttaw on 29 July 1643. But since 1 July 1643, men of the following groups are sent to the fields (as the growing season began by then).
131 Da Swe (Thin) E Bya Tha Yi (Thin) Han Pyin Mo Daing La Goon Mo Daing Laik Hsin (Thin) Letwe Win Daing Letywe Daing Ma Be (Thin) Mong Pong Daing Myaung Hson Shwe Daing Nat Yauk Kya Daing Nyaung Sauk Daing Saw Lu Daing Shan Paik Taw (Thin) Shan Thu Nge Daing Shwe Hlan Htaung Tagaung Myit Sin (Thin) Taung Dwin Lay Thu Ye Bi Lu (Thin) Thu Ye Lu Lin (Thin) Wun Tho Daing Yan Ma Chut Daing Yan Pon Hkwe Daing Yawnghwe Daing Yawnghwe Lay Ye Baw Htaung and Ye Ka Daing.
This Order was proclaimed again on 20 October 1643.
16 July 1645 Order: (1) Officers should often go on inspection tours to villages with a view to get more land under cultivation and to give agricultural loans wherever necessary.
(2) Check that cultivators should not leave their fields during the growing season or stop administrators from summoning the cultivators to appear at cours in the City in the growing season or stop money lenders from disturbing the cultivators while they are grawing.
(3) Officers in charge of the villages shall not allow the
132 villagers to visit the City without enough reason and they see to the fact that the villagers who go there do not stay there longer than what is necessary. (4) A villager coming to the City must bring a letter from his village chief addressed to Min Hla Shwe Daung or Yaza Gutta and without such a letter, he would be sent to collect elephant fodder as punishment. (5) Punish the village chief from whose village a villager is found in the City without a letter from him stating his business there. (6) Village and town heads shall take a list of villagers or townfolks including the visitors stating from where they come and why they come, and the absentees who go to which place for what purpose and how long they would be there; negligence of this particu;ar duty would be severely punished. This Order was proclaimed on 6 July 1645.
13 April 1646 Order: (1) The Officer-in-Charge of the West deals with all affairs of the Queens, Concubines and their children (including boys who are still too young to be taken away from the women or western sector of the Palace).
133 (2) Ladies of the Court hold towns, villages, fisheries and weirs in fief; make a register of these fiefs with clear definition of their boundaries; also mention in this Register the amount of money each fief holder is receiving from a particular fief. (3) Guards sent to the outposts shall be changed on every third year. (4) Half of all Court Fees and Fines shall be sent to the Royal Treasury on every six months from the provinces and on the first day of every month from the Courts of the City. (5) Clerks going to the Western Sector of the Palace must enter it from the West Gate and use that gate to get out; they are not allowed to cross over to the east where the Hluttaw is located; one Clerk (Si Thi Ywa Za) was found transgressing this Order; give him one hundred lashes. (6) The Officer-in-Charge of the West shall try all cases of the Groups serving in the Western Sector of the Palace though he might put up difficult cases to the Hluttaw and he shall keep a Register of these cases. (7) If it is not contested, the attitude of giving a
134 judgement should be in nature of an arbitration like forgiving the small offences and minimising the big ones according to the old Burmese maxim "Kri: Sam, a mhu nay on nay san, amhu pa prok on". (8) Punish the pleaders for contempt of court for either using foul languages or for playing upon words to misrepresent a case. This Order was proclaimed at the Hluttaw by the Chief of Heralds on 13 April 1646.
1 November 1646 Report by Pa Tha Yit Sa on how the Fighting Forces are organised, submitted on 1 November 1646. Athein Gaung Ko Yan Daw (10 Hoese Groups) organised with men of the Mong Nai Sawbwa De Wa Kamma Gaung Ko Yan (10 Horse Groups) organised with men from Mong Nai Gadu Myin Hmu (Thwe Thauk) organised with men from Mong Nai Ha Lu Za (Thwe Thauk) organised with men from Hsipaw Ha Lwe Za (Thwe Thauk) organised with men from Mong Nai Kyaung Pya Hsin Ye Gaung Ko Yan Daw (Horse) organised with men of the Yawnghwe Sawbwa Letya Nanda Meit Gaung Ko Yan Daw (10 Horse Groups) organised with men who had served the Prince who is now the King Ma O Za Gaung (Thwe Thauk) organised on 17 August 1598 with men who had served the Prince who became King Nga Zu Da Ya Ka, 1581-1599 Mon La Za Ko Yan Daw (10 Horse Groups) Organised with men of the Bhamo Sawbwa Myin Ta Kyi Za Gaung (Horse) organised with men from Hsenwi Nga Shwe San (Thwe Thauk) organised with men from Mong Nai Paik Kamma (Thwe Thauk) organised with men from Mong Nai Paik Thin Yan (Thwe Thauk) organised with men from Mong Nai
135 Saw Ye Gyi Gaung Ko Yan Daw (10 Horse Groups) organised with men from Mong Nai Si Gaung Za Ko Yan Daw (10 Horse Groups) Thi Monh (Thwe Thauk) organised with men from Mong Nai and Yaung Koot Za (Thwe Thauk) organised with men from Yawnghwe.
2 April 1647 Order: (1) Prince Pintale is made the Crown Prince. (2) Prepare the Ceremony of the Investiture of the Crown Prince. (3) Make a List of Men to serve the Crown Prince. (4) Give the Crown Prince the towns of Da Ba Yin, Taung Dwin and Singu as fiefs. This Order was proclaimed at the Hluttaw by the Chief of Heralds.
(2 April 1647) Order: (1) Princes like the King's Brother who have been assigned to a duty at the Hluttaw and who are given special seats called Nay Ya Daw in the Audience Hall must use the insignias of their rank specially made for them so that they could be easily distinguished from other officers of the Hluttaw. (2) Officers of the Hluttaw should also use their insignias when they come to the Hluttaw. This Order was proclaimed on (2 April 1647).
136 (2 April 1647) At Pyin Sa, four divisions known by the names of Taik were established on 24 August 1400. Their centres are Pa Dain, Ma Hpe, Poppa and Si Tut Ta Ya. There are two other Taiks called Hpya Si Ten Villages Taik and Lin Ga Taw Ten Villages Taik. All these places have scanty population. Order: (1) Settle the immigrants from the north of such ethnic groups like In Gye, Kachin, Karen, Loo, Myee Yin and Shan in these scantily populated Taiks so that each place could have either 300 or 150 or 100 or people. (2) Village Chiefs, Land officers and Clerks of eachlocality must help these immigrants to settle and become the accepted commonfolks (Athi) of that locality where they settle. This Order was proclaimed at the Hluttaw by the Chief of Heralds on (2 April 1647). Note: See the Royal Order of 24 May 1642.
(2 April 1647) On 10 January 1375, the descendants of the Provincial Chiefs were organised into the following Elephant Groups: Chan Tha Za (Thwe Thauk) Mu Wa Za (Thwe Thauk) Nat Aing Za (Thwe Thauk)
137 Pauk Aing Za (Thwe Thauk) Pauk Kan Za (Thwe Thauk) Pe Pyin Za (Thwe Thauk) Sithu Ywa Za (Thwe Thauk) Tat Ywa Za (ThweThauk) Yay Chan Za (Thwe Thauk) Ye DeWa (Thwe Thauk) Ye Kan Ma (Thwe Thauk) Ye San Ma (Thwe Thauk) Ye Set Ka (Thwe Thauk) Ye Thein Ga (Thein Ga (Thwe Thauk) Ye Thin Yan (Thwe Thauk) Ye Thu Ya (Thwe Thauk) Ye Zay Ya (Thwe Thauk) Ywa Ma Za (Thwe Thauk) Twa Tha Ya Za (Thwe Thauk) and Ywoot Thin Yan (Thwe Thauk).
Order: (1) Put the men of the Elephant Groups given in the above list on night watch duty at the barracks between the Red Gate on the north of the Hluttaw and the Ywe Daw Yu Gate that forms the north east sector of the Palace Yard. (2) Participate in the Pageants with each elephant manned by them and carrying a gunner on the elephant back. This Order was proclaimed at the Hluttaw on ( 2 April 1647).
8 April 1649 Order: (1) Made preparations to fix the Finial on the Rajamanicula Pagoda on about (9 December 1648). (2) Send the Guards of the Four Sectors of the Palace to forests to get good 1,000 timber and 10,000 bamboo to make the scaffoldings for hauling up the finial to the top of the pagoda. (3) Get good medicine from the Khun Tha Bauk Hmu for those
138 people who are going to the forest to gather timber, etc. (4) Get the boats called Shwe Laung, ready to cross the Irrawaddy to the Rajamanicula Pagoda on 25 April 1648. (5) Invite the Sayadaws Taung Bi La, Ariyalankara, Ananda- dhaja and Anuruddha to come to the Rajamanicula Pagoda on 26 April 1648. (6) Draw the pictures on the walls of the Pagoda Enclosure in this order: start from the base the drawings of the Hells, the Abode of Men, the Abode of Devas, the Abode of Brahmas should come one above the other; then draw the Apannaka Jataka (No.1) to the Vessantara Jataka (No.547); on the topmost tier draw the Life of the Buddha. (7) Use 33 cups of colour and 33 brushes of ox hair to paint the pictures and write the legend under each picture in three languages of Burmese, Mon and Shan or Yoon. (8) Make the Finial in five tiers and the base tier should have a diameter of 9 cubits (13.5 ft / 4.1148 metres). (9) Use 150 viss (547.5 lbs / 248.8636 kg) of gold to make this Finial. (10) Start making the Finial on 26 May 1648. (11) Ask the Tougoo Lokuttara Sayadaw the auspicious day to
139 fix the Finial on the Rajamanicula. (When the question was asked on 11 June 1648, the monk replied that he would give the answer to the next King. That made the King very angry anf he sent the monk to Pagan on 20 August 1648.) (12) Send the Toungoo Sayadaw to Pagan. (On 22 August 1648 the King asked the Brahman Ajagaru the auspicious day to fix the Finial and he got the reply that he will never be able to do it because he would die on the next day). (13) Keep the Brahman Ajagaru at the Bye Daik and if nothing happened to the King as predicted on the 23 August 1648 put him and his family to death by burning. (King Thalun, 1633-1648, was born on 3 May 1584 and died on 23 August 1648 at the age of 64 years. He was succeeded by King Pintale, 1648-1661. The Mhannan, III, Reprint 1967, p.247, gives the date of King Thalun's death as Thursday 17 August 1648). *********** (14) Fix the Finial on the Rajamanicula on 8 April 1649. (15) Invite, 1,000 monks each day to a feast for five successive days (from 4 August 1649 to 8 August 1649). (16) Dedicate 81 men under Saddhasudevapani as Servants of the Religion and attach them to the Rajamanicula Pagoda. (17) Start a free ferry service across the Irrawaddy River
140 at the Tagaung Market. (18) Send rice offerings daily to the Badamya Pagoda, Ponnya Pagoda and Yan Aung Myin Pagoda.
141
6 May 1249 ou&Zf 611ck jruúfodk&foHpädK0f/ ukqkefvqef8&ufMuóywd,fed,f/ rgcgeufowf/ arwkefvuf/ 5em&DjyD/ twdk0fyk&Åmp0fMuDo©difj*DMwdz0em wdwåsmy0&y@dw "r®&mZmrnfaom yk&[m&Sifw0f/ &Sd,fxk,fw0f/ eiftvGH aom vkrsmwumwdk0f/ Odomxuftm/ wifvSmvif/ eifvlrsmwumwdk0f/ þvlwGifaomcsHom/ wrkEGefaom csHomudk0fvdk0faomolum/ þipumudk0f/ ½dk0f od,faom,Hkaomrl&k,f/ vSrapmufemaxmif½k,femtyf{tf/ tz,faMumif aES[lrlum/ tMuifaMumifþigpumum/ rd2udk0f jynmz’ifhMuH&k,fqdk0faom r[kwfpGH/ r’wfpGmaom yk&[mo©dif oAÁnKpumudk0f rSD&k,fqdkoaw/ &Sd,fvGefaomrifwdk0fum/ cdk0fpmaomolwdk0fudk0fum/ wHw’ifvSdK0faomupaom txl2aom owfjcifz’if/ owfukef{tf/ xdk0fodk0faom oxGmwumwdk0f{/ tysuftpDudk0frvdk0faomaMumif owå0gwumwdk0fudk0f/ rd 2ou,fodk0f/ Mouf rd,fvwf½k,f/ Mu(if) emonfwdkufvwf½k,f/ qdk0faompumaw/ xdk0faMumif &um/ ½dk0fod,faom,Hkaomrl&k,f/ vSrapmufemaxmif½k,femtyf{[laomaw/ todk0frl½k,fempd,fokaES/ MoþrifMuDum/ rd2udk0fjynmz’ufMuH&k,fqdk0faom r[kwfwum/ r’wfpGmaomyk&[mo©dif/ oAÁnKpumudk0f/ rSD½k,fqdk0faom pumaw/ þigpumudk0fvdkufrlum/ £vlwGifaomcsHom/ wrkEGefaomcsHom udk0frvG,f&vQif aomwum/ þodk0fESpfvHkrl½k,femtyf{tf/ þrQaom cdk0fpukefaomolwdk0fonfum/ csHom&tHhoaw[l½k,fcdk0fpukefaomaw/ t,if wdk0f/ csHom&Edkifaomonfum/ ola&Smufol&Gmolrd,molom/ olOdacgifOdpm/ tysuftpD/ tEdkiftxufrk&aomudk0fcsHomEdk0fyefusifaomaw/ xdk0fcsHom [laom onfum/ udk0fowfvwHaomcsHomaw/ xdk0fumcsHom aw&{tfavm/ tysuftpDudk0fawa&muf{tfavm/ xdk0faveifwdk0fMuHukeftyf{tf/ cdk0fpaom olwdk0fonfum/ rdvwfaomav/ wHw’ifvQdK0faom/ &ifykqdefESifhaygufaom/ oHMuyfESifuyfaom/ tOdEkwfaom/ taygiftvufy,faom/ rsufqefxGpf aom/ tomvSD½k,fpmyd,fvmaom/ t&d,fqGpf½k,fomrmaom/ xdyfxGif½k,fqd yloGefaom/ vnf½SK,fr’Kyf½k,f/ xGefESifxGefaom/ yk,efxnf½k,fqifeif pd,faom/ opfyifzufpd,f½k,fwHoifESufaom/ t&SifrDr’Kdufaom/ vnfjzwf aom/ þodk0faomupoz’ift,ifwdk0fum
145 6 May 1249 qdk0fji,fMuDtma&mufukefaomaw/ rrdaomMumav/ þyfaom/ ed,faom/ *syfaom/ oGmaomupoz’ifav/ wpd,fovQif avt,ifwdk0fumrcsHompGHaw aMumufvefvsufvsift,ifwdk0fumcHpd,fukefoaw/ þrfESdKufavred,fpGH/ ed,fylrdk0f&GmvQif cusifaomaw/ rcdk0fpmaomolwdk0fonfvsifav/ bdk,f1ckck awa&mufvwfrlum/ þrfwGifed,fusifrlav/ ESpfvHkum/ qdk0fji,fMuDpGmaom rwfavm/ cdk0fpmaomolwdk0fonfum/ tz,f[kcvdrfaES/ ,ciftpef2u cdk0f pmaomolwdk0fonfum wa,mufxnfvQif avvGwf{[laomonfumr[d,fzl MumpGmtqHkum/ ESpf2oHk;ESpfjrdK0fum/ rMumzlravm/ þpumum,ckxdom r[kwf/ MwsmwGif avþ,fodk0frdef{tf/ rd,fvsyf½k,fcdk0fpmaomolum/ ji,fMuDjydwåmtol&mwd&dwfqefty,f 4ygaomonfum t,ifcdk0folþrfvQif rnf{tf/ od,fvQif a&mufvd,fwHk2aw[d,f{tf/ rod,frdvQifav/ zHrdvQif/ olcdk0f[l½k,f/ rifESyfvwf{tf/ xdk0folwdk0favpdwfpd,frd,f{tf/ trkEGefpmwGif tMuifolcdk0fonf/ þrnfaom/ ty’pfawy’pfrlum/ þrnfaomwefyd,faw yd,ftyf{tf[lyd,f{tf/ rifumolcdk0fty’pfESiftrkEGefpmudk0fEdkifMu½k,f/ xdk0f ty’pfESifhwiftyfaom wefudk0frl{tf/ þ,fumrifwumtrkEGef[kwåm/ cdk0folwdk0fonfumþvlwGif avtxl2aom iwfjciftma&mufukef{tf/ todk0f owfjcifaES[lrlum o&d,fe,foHqlwyf½k,fcwfaom/ tql[d,faom MudrfvHkESifcwfaom/ emvSDaom/ ESmacgifvSDaom/ jcd,fvufjzwfaom/ xdyfwGif ½k,foHyl&,f2xnf½k,f/ Odaemufu’dKuf 2qlvsufod,faom/ cHwGif uefzd½k,f qdrdiSdaomqHamnuf&mt&d,f*sef½k,fqHaqmifiif½k,fOd&d,fqGpfjydaom Odacgif cGefc’nfoHvSnfuefESifcwfaom/ vuf0,fykcHk/ vusfmykcHkMoufodk0fykqpfuef t&d,fqGpfzd½k,fMoufaomt&d,fumtjcd,fodk0fc’{tf/ txufaom t&d,fum Odacgifodk0fvSHvd,faom/ t&d,fcyifqGpfjydaomumtwGif&d,fumtyodk0fxm ½k,fvTHaom/ rd,fn§yfESift&d,fudk0fiif½k,fuwfMud,fESif*sefaom/ tom[d,f &m/ cdwf½k,fvSDaom/ vufwefawmif½SK,fjzwfaom/ jcd,fykqpf½SK,fjzwfaom/ oHcGm4ckpGyf½k,fxGmpd,faom/ tapmifþyfpd,f½k,fem
146 6 May 1249 wGifwHoifeufaom/ jcd,f2zufoHk½k,fywf2avSnfaomwlESifEkyf2xljAd½k,f/ udk0f cyfodrftdk0fcsifodk0fck,fbd½k,favSnfaom/ t&d,fudk0foifwkefESifpwf½k,f/ oGy&mqmy’ma&nfoGefaom/ t&SifvQifcdk,fpmpd,faom/ vnfjzwfaom/ udk0fvufcyiftrSdKufa&pf½k,frDzkwfaom/ þodk0faomowfjcifowfukef{tf/ xdkjrdK0fwrkEGefav/ wmyernfaomji,fMuDESdKuf avusufukef{tf/ xdk0fji,fum udk0f tvHkvQiftwGifty ji,frDwdy’nfvsufawmufxokaw/ t,ifwdk0fumrD tpmvQifz’pfxokaw/ ed,fitwdkifqifji,fukef&m{tf/ þodk0fw’,fxoaw/ ji,ftoufr’ifjcifumji,ftouf z’ifumtESpfwodefawvlESpfz’ifxGufwHkrlum twkwd,fw . . . ESpf[d,f{/ cdk0fpvsuf{tfrcdk0fpa,mifrlaom olcdk0fcHjcifum/ vlz’pf½k,f/ trd0HwGifxGufoumtvifrjrif&rk ½k,fod,faomumwpfuHzgvQif cHaw/ wpfuHzmjyd½k,f/ vlz’pfvsuf&SifwHkaomav/ udk0feduúm0wf0wf½Hkpm½HkvQif jrJ/ qdk0fji,fMuDvQif z’pfoaw/ Opöm&jimwHkavt,ifwdk0fvufwGif/ tMuif tjcifonf z’ifwnfc’sifaomOpömonf rwnfpdrfaomiSg/ vSd,farSmufaom/ þrfavmifaom/ upoz’ifzdk,fESif 2 z’pf{/ cdk0fpaomtusifaMumifum/ wrkEGefaomqdk0fji,fum/ þvlwGif aomqdk0fji,fMuDa&mufjAd½k,f/ wrkEGefaom csHomþvlwGif csHom&aMumiftusifonfumac’mif/ v,f/ *sm/ O,ef/ &d,fuefukefp,f/ MuK,fq,f/ olc’oz’ifvnfaumif/ okwyfaomvHkvoz’if vnfaumif/ Mwsmoz’if/ toufrk,ftyf{/ þodk0fusifrlum/ þvlwGif pnf;pdrfcsHom 147 6 May 1249 yif&aomwefqmqifvsufayguf 2wefaqmifyefawmifu0fxmESifhykpyf/ pnfy omavwD/ þodk0frl½k,fau’mufpgwdkifpgudk0f empd,fukefoawaqmuf Odaom yk&[mp0fMuDpGmrlpd,foawpgzwfoolav/ &aomwefqmqif½k,fzwfoaw wdkifr[daom &Gmi,fa&Smufi,favqifhc0f½k,f/ wdkif[d,f&modk0femygpd,fukef{/ (wdkif;&if;jrefrmausmufpm? yxrxkyf? "gwfyHk 166 uc? 167-9? 170? -4? 343ESifh 345uc) 148 19 June 1368 trdefUawmf&Sdonf? t&yf&yf&Srf;jynf,Gef;jynfw½kyfjynfjrdKUpm;apmfbGm; 0efMuD; 0efaxmuftcGef0efpma&;MuD; 0if;rSL; qifrSL; trSKxrf; AdkvfrSL;wyfrSL; ppfuJ em;cHwyfpma&; tMuD;tMuyftuGyftuJwdkU? tjynfjynftwdkif;wdkif; OD;nGwf&m &wemyl&a&TjynfMuD;ü a&TxD;pdkufawmfrlí xD;aqmif;rif; taygif;wdkU toQifocifjzpfawmfrlaom a&TwGif;aiGwGif; ywåjrm;wGif;ESifhwuG oabFmqdyf rsm; taygif;ESifh xD;aqmif;rif;wumwdkU toQifb0&Sifrif;w&m;MuD; trdefUawmf&Sdonf/ 0efMuD;r[meE´aZ,ausmfxif? r[mwvzsm;? r[moD&d aZ,aersdK;aemf&xm? twGif;0efeE´oMuø? 0efaxmufaersdK;aZ,oD&d? (aersdK;) aZ,ausmfxifwdkUESifh tpkpkcefUxm;awmf(rl)onfh trSKxrf;taygif;wdkU? igha,mufzawmfbk&m;onf a&Teef;awmfrS cGmawmfrlí ewfbHkAdrmefESdKuf pHy,f awmfrlonfh? igha,mufzawmfbk&m; t½dkuft&mudk (ig)odrf;jref;awmfrlí toD;toD; cefUtyfawmfrlonfrSm 0efMuD;0efaxmuf pma&;MuD;jynfa&;&GmrIpí qif;&Jom;uRefawmfrsdK;wdkUwGif w&m;pum;tvkt&uf rjidrfr0yfcdkufyGg;&efpnf &Sdonfrsm;udkvnf; MuyfMuyfwnf;wnf; cefUxm;pD&if&rnf/ 0if;awmfav;rsufESmrSpí jynfMuD;0efudk (ay;tyfcefUxm;)awmf rlonfvnf; &mZ"r®avmu ypöKyÜefoHo&m(\) pD;yGm;ig\pD;yGm;om;awmftpOf ajr;awmftquf jrpfawmftngefU t"GefUpnfyifjyefYyGm;rnfudk oduRrf;em;vnf (o)oljzpfíwaMumif;? *wdav;yg; rvdkufoduRrf;em;vnfonfESifhtrSKudk MuyfMuyfwnf;wnf; pD&if&rnf tyfxm;í 0efMuD;0efaxmuf pma&;MuD;wdkU t&mESifh igha,mufzawmfrif;w&m;MuD; vufxufjyKpkawmfrlonf/ MuyfMuyf wnf;wnf; tcGefa&mufonfudkpD&if? roifhonftrSKudk igAsm'dwfawmf xGuf&Sdrdaomfvnf; 0efwdkUu pDppfí &Sdcdk;oHawmfOD;wif/ twGif;0efoHqifh oHcHem;cHwdkUrSmvnf; twGif;trSKudk oduRrf;em;vnf (o)oljzpfí twGif;0eft&mESifh toD;toD;cefUtyfawmfrlonfrSm 149 19 June 1368 vnf;twGif;trSKtwGif;jrJwdkUrSm tdyfvSnfhtdyfzef tapmifhtaerSpí twGif;trSL;tMuD;wdkUudk MuyfMuyfwnf;wnf; aus;Zl;opömawmfESifhtnD azgufrjyefap&? aphaphikikuGyfn§yfpD&if&rnf cefUtyfawmfrlonf/ cefUtyfawmf rlaMumif;vnf; om;awmftpOf ajr;awmftquf jrpfawmftnGefUwdkif[kwfrSef awmfrlonfudk twGif;u a&Tem;rsufpduJhodkU &mZ"r®avmu ypöKyÜefoHo&m tusdK;ESpfyg;udk oduRrf;em;vnf(o)oljzpfívnf; waMumif; *wdav;yg;udk rvdkuf? ajzmifhrwfpGmtwGif;ESifh qdkifonfhtrSKudk MuyfMuyfwnf;wnf; pDppfpD&if &rnfjzpfí igha,mufzawmfbk&m; jyKpkawmfrlonfhtwdkif; (ig) jyKpkawmfrlonf 0if;rSL; 0if;pcsD qifrSL;(qifpcsD)wdkUrSmvnf; 0if;av;rsufESmom;wdkUudk ½Hk;(pk)xm;í tvSnfhtvnf tdyfvSnfhtdyfzefudk rjywfrvyfatmif vHkUvESifh aus;Zl;opömawmfjrwfudk apmifhodonfESifhtnD 0if;pktrSKxrf;rSeforQwGif w&m;pum;rSpí trSKay:&Sdonfrsm;udk MuyfMuyfwnf;wnf; rvpf[if;r,Gif; r,dk&(atmif) pD&if/ 0if;rSL; 0if;pcsDt&mESifh igcefUtyfawmfrlaMumif;vnf; *wdav;yg;ESifh jrJjrHwnfMunfaomol jzpfonfvnf;waMumif; olvQdKoluef tp&Sdonfudk &dyfcsnf(rQjzifh) od (Edkifo)oljzpfí 0if;rSL;0if;pcsD t&mESifh igcefU xm;tyfawmfrlonfwaMumif;? igha,mufzawmfbk&m;wGif rvpfr[if; r,dk* (atmif) aus;Zl;opömawmfESifhtnD xrf;&Gufonfh rSL;(MuD;) rwfMuD;jzpfí igxyfrHcefuawmfrlonf/ 0if;om;rSeforQudk MuyfMuyfwnf;wnf; (uGyfuJ) pD&if/ AdkvfrSL; wyfrSL; ppfuJem;cH tMuD;tMuyfwdkUrSmvnf; igha,mufzawmf bk&m;vufxufawmf vkyfMuHawmfrl(orQ) aus;Zl;opömESifhtnD (xrf;&Gufo)ol trSKawmfxGuforQ &J&ifhwnfMunfpGm xrf;&Guf(ool) ppfa&; ppfcGifh a&mufvQif MuyfMuyfwnf;wnf; rvpfr[if;&Edkifeif;atmif owfjzwfpD&if vdrfhrnfjzpfí ighvufxufawmfvnf; xyfrHí cefUtyfawmfrlonf/ aus;Zl; opömawmfESifhtnD MuyfMuyfwnf;wnf; trSKay:&SdorQudk trSKESifhtif 150 19 June 1368 wefatmifuGyfn§yfpD&if/ jrdKU0efpma&; axmifrSL;axmifpcsDwdkUrSmvnf; a&Teef;awmf ywfvnf twGif; jyifcdk;ao;rD;yGm;&mZ0wfESifh pyfqdkifonfrsm;udk ta&SUig;wdkif? awmif ig;wdkif? taemufig;wdkif? ajrmufig;wdkiftwGif;wGif cdk;ao;rD;yGm; ray: r&Sdatmif MuyfMuyfwnf;wnf; [kwfrSefonfhtwdkif; ppfaMumpD&if? jrdKU0eft&m ESifh cefUaMumif;vnf; &mZ"r®avmu ypöKyÜefoHo&mtusdK; pD;yGm;udkvnf; odool? olUtoufudkvnf; cspfMunfooljzpfí cefUtyfawmfrlonf/ ta&SUtaemuf awmifajrmufowfqdkonfh e,fav;e,ftwGif;udk MuyfMuyf wnf;wnf; (EdSK;aqmf)pD&if/ trnf&aus;pm;&Gmpm;wdkUrSmvnf; toD;toD; tifwefatmif ig olaumif;jyKawmfrlí jrdKUjyaus;&Gmay;tyfawmf rlonfrSmvnf; qif;&Jom; uRefawmfrsdK;wdkUudk ryifryef; rEGrf;re,f&atmif MuD;onfpum;udki,fap? i,fonfhpum;udk yaysmufap? ajrqDajrcGef taumuftpm;w&m;uGrf;bdk; rSmvnf; enf;atmifpD&if&rnf/ oif;rSL;wdkUrSm ,HkrSwfawmfrlonfjzpfí twGif;jAJwdkuf ta&SUrm&bif tapmifhtaetMuD;tMuyf trSL;cefUawmfrlonfvnf; oif;pktrSKxrf;ESifh pyfonfh t&mrsm;udk oif;rSL;wdkUu wvHk;w0wnf; cdkif;cefUpD&if/ ajymhMuD;rSL; pajr§mifrSL; ta0;a&mufpma&;wdkUrSmvnf; rif;rSKrif;cif;udk ,Ofaus;zG,f&m avsmufywfoljzpfí t&mESifh cefUawmfrlonfrSm vTwfawmf½Hk; awmfwGif taetxdkif t0wftpm;rsm;udk Munfh½IpD&if&rnf/ 0efMuD;wdkUu cdkif;cefonfhtwdkif; raxmufraMumufjyefqdk&rnf/ ajymhMuD;rSL;rmvnf; nOfheHeuf rjywfrvyf 0ifxGufí pmqufoGif;ap? pajrmifom&um trSL; em;axmufem;cH i,fom;jzpfonf/ apmfbGm;jrdKUpm;0ef ppfuJwdkUudk opömawmf wdkufudkom Muyfrí wdkufap&rnf/ ta0;a&mufpma&; t&mESifh cefUtyfawmfrlaMumif;vnf; ta0;jrdKUpm; apmfbGm; xD;aqmif;eef;ae taygif;wdkUudk &mZoHa&T 151 19 June 1368 ayrSmtpD&if tcefUtxm;udk 0efwdkUxH avQmufxm;í ay;rSm&rnf/ ta0;a&muf t&mESifh cefUawmfrlaMumif;vnf; ta0;jrdKU&GmapmfbGm;jrdKUpm;wdkUudk pdwfESvHk;om,matmif Munfh½Ií oifhonfudk rif;rSmavQmufxm;&rnfjzpfcefU tyfawmfrlonf/ jrdKUuGyfjrdKUudkif ajrwdkif pjrifwdkUrSmvnf; ab;bdk;pOfqufMuD;pdk; tkyfuGyf wdkifaqmfonfhajre,fedrdwf tydkif;tjcm; ausmufrSwfausmufwdkifrSpí wdkifol&if; rif;rSKwdkUudk tifenf;tifrsm; r,kwf&atmif qif;&Jom;wdkUudk pD&ifeufaus;&GmwGif ajzmifhrwfawmfwnfhatmifpD&if? [kwfrSef&mpDppfí a&TvTwfawmfrSmavQmuf/ ta0;jrdKU&Gm ppfuJjrdKU&Gm cefUtyfawmfrlonfh trSKxrf;MuD;wdkUrSmvnf; qif;&Jom; uRefawmfrsdK;wdkUudk ryifryef;&? jidrf0yfpGm&SdrnfhtaMumif; cefUxm;onf/ jrdKU&Gmrsm;rSmvnf; &mZ0wfawmfESifh qefUusifonfhtrSK? aus;Zl;opömawmfudk (raxmuf) abmufjyefvdkaomolwdkUudk a&Tb0g;awmfjrwf atmufydkUquf? qif;&Jom;aus;&GmaewdkU ryifryef;apESifh? MuyfMuyfwnf;wnf; (tkyfxdef;)pD&if? ta0;jrdKU&GmodkU cefUtyfawmfrlaMumif;vnf; owd*wdESifh &J&ifh jrJjrHwnfMunfcdkifcefU vdrfrmooljzpfívnf;waMumif;? om;awmftpOf ajr;awmftquf jrpfawmftnGefUwdkif pD;yGm;rsm;rnftaMumif; ESvHk;romr,m &SdoolwdkUudk &ifydkufí aexdkifoolwdkUudk om,maysmfyg;atmifpD&if&rnf/ awmifbufajrmufbuf t&yf&yftrSKxrf; taygif;wdkUrSmvnf; ab;avmif;awmf bdk;avmif;awmf yef;,ppfudkif; jrifpdkif;rSpí jyKpkawmfrlonf/ uRefawmfrsdK;trSKxrf; rsm;rSmvnf; toD;toD; aus;Zl;opömawmfESifh pm;rdk;pm;ajr vkyftdkif pm;usif;ay;rSwfí &SdavjyD;onf/ aus;Zl;opömawmfudk apmifhodonfESifhtnDvnf; ab;avmif;awmf bdka;vmif;awmfwdkUvufxufu ay;rSwfonfhtwdkif; owfrSwfí oem;awmfrlonfh aus;Zl;opömawmfESifhtnD ewfawmfvqef; 17uf(10 November 1368)udk ESpfpOfrjywf a&Tb0g;awmf 152 19 June 1368 atmufodkU ta&muftwGif; wyg;jyifwyg;tapmifhtae cefUxm;ol t0ef;trSL; tMuD;wdkUrSmvnf; rjywfrvyfaeUnOfhtvSnfhtvnf rSefuefatmif i,fom; wdkUudk apmifhaexrf; (&Guf)&rnf/ trSL;tMuD;t&mESifh cefUxm; (ESif;) tyfawmfrl&mrSmvnf; vHk;v0d&d, pg*&dyfjcnfxifjrifEdkif(o)oljzpfí cefUawmfrlonf/ MuyfMuyfwnf;wnf; apmifhaexrf;&Guf/ taemuf0efpma&;MuD;wdkUrSmvnf; taemuftwGif;uqdkifonfh t0wf tpm; yifyef;EGrf;&donfudk oefUpifa&awmf pm;awmftxkwftoGif;rSpí roifhonfht&mudk Munfh½SKpD&if&rnf cefUtyfawmfrlonf/ 0efMuD;0efaxmuf pma&;MuD;wdkUrSmvnf; jynfMuD;0efudk csKyftkyfpD&if Edkifool jzpfaomaMumifh 0efMuD; 0efaxmuf t&mESifh cefUtyfawmfrlonfhtwdkif; MuyfMuyfwnf;wnf; rvpfr[if; r,Gif;r,dk&atmif (csKyftkyf) pD&if&rnf trdefUawmf&Sdonf/ ouú&mZf 729ck yxr0gqdkvqef; 5&uf 3aeU (19 June 1368) 0efwdkUqDjyefonf/ 4if;6&uf4aeUjyifaoemywdwdkUqD od*Fwk&ifajymhMuD;rSL; jyefonfh trdefUawmf? (prÁL'DyOaqmif;? rsuf 60-2) 153 30 March 1598 bkef;awmftvefMuD;jrwfawmfrlvSaom toQifb0&Sif rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; trdefUawmf&Sdonf/ ouú&mZf 960wGif (1598) 'om"dr®mwf usdKufonf/ bm;rJhq&mawmfESifh y@dw ynm&SdwdkUu uqHk&ufpHk? e,HkrpHk? yXr0gqdk0f&ufpHk 'kwd,0gqdk&ufpHk uG,faptyfonf/ xHk;um;ouú&mZfwdk 45ck rZösdrwdkuf0,f &mZ*[jynfudk0f tpdk0f&aomydrÜmom&rif;MuD;onf 'kwd,0gqdkvjynfhausmf 5&uf 5aeU a&mufrS 0guyfawmfrlyg oHk;vlxGwfxm; jrwfbk&m;udk0f awmif;yef vQif t"dywdr[m&mZmydrÜoma&me r&mZdE´om"kwd y0¥aPmpomoe0PÖdaem ta[moD[laom t&mudk0f jyawmfrlaMumif;udk0f avQmufoGif;csufoGif;csuf yk&ydkufvTmwGifygonf/ q&mawmfESifhy@dw ynm&SdwdkU0fu avQmufonf twdkif; iga&TjynfawmfwGif t&yftuGufrsm;ü odwif;oHk;awmfrlaom q&mawmf wHqdyfawmf yd#uwfrSm pmMunfhpmwnf; *dkPf;yk*¾dKvfwdkuftkyfwdkUrSpí t&yf&yfjrdKU&GmwdkU0fodk0f ouú&mZf 960'kwd,0gqdkoifhaMumif; uqHk&ufpHk e,Hk&uf(rpHk) yXr0gqdk0f&ufpHk 'kwd,0gqdk0foifhaMumif; uqHk&ufpHk e,Hk&ufrpHk yXr0gqdk0f&ufpHk 'kwd,0gqdk&ufpHkuG,fapaMumif;udk 0efwdkUurSm/ t&yf&yft&d,moCFmawmfwdkUudk wnDwnGwfwnf; ouú&mZf 960 'kwd,0gqdkvjynfhausmf 7&uf5aeU (14 July 1598) udk0f wnDwnGwfwnf; 0guyfap&rnftaMumif;udk avQmufrSmí ap&rnf/ 0efwdkUpD&if/ ouú&mZf 960 uqHkväef; 5&ufaeU (30 March 1598) emcHajymhMuD;rSL; xkwfí vTwfwGifjyefonfh trdefUawmf/ (rsdK;Munfh 1944) 154 24 August 1598 bkef;awmftvGefMuD;jrwfawmfrlvSaom toQifb0&Sif rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; trdefUawmf&Sdonf/ jrdKU&Gmoem;awmfrlcH&oolwdkUrSm jrif;tcGefwwdkif 2d? 3d pD tonfwdkifucHap/ ap0efrSmvnf; jrdKUpm;&Gmpm; tiftm;udk axmufí wwdkifwefonf 2wdkifwefonfudkay;ap? jrdKUpm;wdkU ae&ef0if;rSm uyfwdkif tayguf 5MuufajcuefU0if;x&eftzsm;cRHí umap? &Gmpm;wdkUrSm uyfwdkif 3ayguf x&Hzsm;udk rcTefapESifh/ uyfomumap/ 0efpk&wdkUrSmae&mtaqmifyif r&Sdaomfvnf; 0efpk&ESifhjzpfonf/ jrdKUpm;&Gmpm;wdkU enf;umap/ aoemywd wdkUrSm eHvsm; 17wm0efaxmufwdkUESifhtwGif;0ef 0efpk&wdkUrSm eHvsm; 15wm umap/ trnf&oufoufrSm 0if;wdkUudk razmufapESifh/ 0if;uyftzsm; "m;vG,fckwfwzufcRefumap/ rif;nDrif;om;wdkUrSm uyfyuwd&ufonfwGif tzsm;ywHkydwfap/ 0if;wdkif5aygufa&aygufap/ jrif;uyfoem;awmfcH&ool? a&SUrm&bifqD;cH&ool? a&SUaemuf rm&bifqD;cH&ool? avSmfum; rsufpdwwfcH&oolwdkU trdefUawmf oD;csm;ygrS trdefUawmft&udk axmufí pmcReftyf&rnf/ t0wfwHqmrSmvnf; rif;nDrif;om;MuD;wdkUrSm ok*efouúvyf zJuwåDygpyfykqdk0f0wfap/ aoemywd 0efpkwdkUrSm oem;awmfcH&rS 0wfap/ awmfae&maevQif uwåDyg0wfvHk? ykqdk;yef;csyfí 0wfap/ 'l;ae&maevQif rSdKif;vHk;0wfvHk0wfap/ oHk;oG,faewdkUrSm Zmy,if;0wfvHk0wfap/ awmfae&mwdkU rSm abmif;opfuspf 4rsufESmopfuspf 3rsufESm opfuspf a&SUaemuf oem;awmf cH&oolwdkUrSm ykqdk0fxnfvHk;yef;qdk0f0wfqifap/ zJpyfí0wfap/ wrm&Guf axmifpdef &&oolwdkUrSm ykqdk0fyef;uGufzJpyfí0wfap/ onfhjyift&yf&yfrSm txl;oem;awmfjrwfudk cH&rS vufraxmufrSL;udk vTwfuqdk0fí vrf;raxmifrSL; pm&rS0wfap/ qifap/ jrif;usdK0fuwHqmrsm;rSm oem;awmf cH&rS trdeUawmft&udk axmufí vTwfupmcRefay;rS pD;eif;ap/ usdKif;qifpG,f csufrSm awmfae&mudk csufjynfh? 'l;ae&mudk ESpfo(pf) cH4opfcHay;í aqmifap&rnfrSm usdKif;MuD;usdKif;i,fvufcwf vTwfxrf;pifrSmaqmufap/ vufcwfa&SUaemufrSm trdefUawmfygrSvkyfap/ w 155 24 August 1598 vJ50ef; 70ef; 90ef; qifwif&Ju,Ofom aygif;0ef;aqmifxm; a&SUaqmif ouúvyf uwåDygeD 4if;rnfo&DteufrSm trdefUawmfygrS aqmifap/ rif;nDrif; om;wdkU vkvifpnfpnfrSm ,yf½dk0feDpGJí wpnf? awmfae'l;aewdkUrSmvnf; vkif 2pnf/ wGif;ba0gjyif ba0gaewdkUrSm usdKif;½dk0fpGJaqmifap/ uawmfr,m;wdkUrSm oem;awmfcH&rS p(nf) aqmifap/ a&SUwHcg;eDrSL; aemufwHcg;eDrSL; jrdKUwHcg; udk0f&yfrSL;cefU/ ouú&mZf 960 awmfovif;vqef; 4&ufaeU (24 August 1598) pajrmifrSL;vTwfwGifjyefonfh trdefUawmf/ (rsdK;Munfh 1944? a&Tjynfpmpk) 156 25 August 1598 bkef;awmftvGefMuD;jrwfawmfrlvSaom toQifb0&Sif rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; trdefUawmf&Sdonf/ ouú&mZf 960 0gacgifvjynfhausmf 5&uf 5aeU jrdKUwnfeef;aqmuftcg awmfMuHKonf/ bm;rJhq&mawmfudk avQmuf&rnfrSm jrdKUawmfaemufrsufESm "mwfwHcg;0,fcsifaohESifh [dkif;xGuf[ef? a&SUwHcg; wqlwGif *VHKESifh e*g;;xGuf[ef? ajrmufwHcg;wqlrSma>rESifhusm;xGuf[ef? awmifwHcg;wqlü aMumifESifh 157 25 August 1598 aomfvnf;aumif;? ra&mufrvm0rfhapaMumif;? owå0gwdkUacgif;udkcsapí tif;rsdK0fwdkUudk a&ajr&SifESifh omoemawmfta&mift0gwdk;wufí jynfxJ 4rsufESm om,mpnfyifonfjzpfí om;awmftpnf ajr;awmftquf jrpfawmf tnGHU tEG,fawmfwdkifwnfxm; pdk;tkyfvsiftwdkif;xuf tvGefjzpfrnf taMumif;wdkU0fudk0f &nfí pD&ifawmfrlygavQmuf&rnf/ ausmif;awmfodkU0f 0efaxmufpma&; MuD;jrdKU0efcefUxm;í avQmufap/ 0efwdk0fpD&if/ ouú&mZf 960awmfovif;väef;5&ufaeU (25 August 1598) em;cHajymhMuD;rSL;xkwfí vTwfwGifjyefonfhtrdefUawmf/ (rsdK;Munfh 1944) 158 25 August 1598 bkef;awmftvGefMuD;jrwfawmfrlvSaom toQifb0&Sif rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; trdefUawmf&Sdonf/ tpkpk uRHawmfrsdK0fwdkU0fonf t½dk0f tpnftwdkif 0if;vSnfh tdyfzef tapmifhtaersm;rSm vl&Sd\r&Sd/ tdyf\rtdyfudk0f qDrD;xGef;rSL; wif;wdrf&ef rSL;wdkU0fppf/ onfaemufajymufrnfh t&mrsm;&Sdonfudk vufaqmif ,lpm0ifapí vTwfrSpí t&yf&yf0efpma&;wdk0fu väef; 1&ufaeUudk0f oGif;onfh tkef;iSufajymMuHacsmif;rsm;ESifh wGif;oif;wdkufavSmfum; oHk;axmifuRHawmf oHk;axmifwdkUu vpnfoGif;jrJ tHk;iSufajym MuHudk0f tdyfolwdk0fudk0f wbD;wacsmif;pDa0ap/ qDrD;xGef;rSL;wdk0f ppfonfh om&if;uavsmhonfomonfudk0favsmuf/ nnfhtdyfzefpm&if;&Sdvsufpm rSwfpmcHjyD;rS MuHiSufajymtkef;a0awmfrlonfudk0f ae&mwGif r&SdvQif r&SdolwdkUudk0f a0;pGmaomt&yfodkU ydk0f&rnf/ vlqdk0fvloGrf; jzpfonf/ tdrfaxmifcef;em;ouf&Sd oufrJh ypöOf;OpömwdkUudk odrf;í qdkif&m wdkufrSm oGif;xm;ap/ 0efwdkUpD&if/ (ouú&mZf 960awmfovif;vqef;5aeU) (25 August 1598) em;cHawmf pajrmifrSL;xkwfí vTwfawmfwGifjyefonfh trdefUawmf/ (rsdK;Munfh ? yk? 617) (1944) 159 30 August 1598 bkef;awmftvGefMuD;jrwfawmfrlvSaom toQifb0&Sif rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; trdefUawmf&Sdonf/ a&Teef;wufodrf; prÜg,fawmfrlvQif tcrf;tem; pD&if&ef oHk;wefo*Fg,empD&if&efrsm;ESifh twnftxm; owå0grSpí eef;awmf atmufeef;awmfxufwnfxm;&efrsm;udk0fvnf; bm;rJhq&mawmf? tmpm&ol jrwfudk0f jrwfrkedoCf&mZmwdkUudk0fvnf;avsmuf/ toHk;awmfudk0f wGif;oif; wdkufuay;ap/ tpnfaexdkif oHk;aqmifawmfrl&ef crf;em;wdk0frSmvnf; ig;pdrf; ig;acsmufig;odkif; ig;ydqm; [if;oD;[if;&Gufcsif; MuufoGef i½kyfaumif; &Srf; i½kyfoD; xrf;vsuf vufzuf oGrf;oD;iSufaysmtkrf;MuH toD;rsdK; t&GufrsdK; wdkUudk0f oGif;ap/ oGif;aomtcg taemuf0efwdkU0frSm taMumif;qdk0fap/ avSmfum;oHk;ef;axmif uRHawmfoHk;axmifwdkUuvnf; toHk;awmfcHap/ xif;rS pí tvHk;pHkrsdK0frsm;rSm atmuf0efwdkUudk tyfawmfrlonf pk 40 yg&SdjyD; za&mif; wdkifrSm yef;wnf;uoGif;ap/ qDrD;xGef;rSm ouú'gefav;&yfuxGef;ap/ a&Tjynf pdk0frSm a&TjrdKU0fMuD; tonfwdkU0fESifh xH&Gufap/ aps; 32&yfcsdefcGif 2pif;rSm t&mawmfoGif;jrJjrJap/ csdefcGif 2pif;jyifwdk0fyGm;í a&muf0,forQcsdefcGifrsm;rSm om 2csdefcGifudk a&Tjynfpdk0fu aumufpm;ap/ useforQ csdefcGifrsm;vnf; t&mawmf oGif;jrJoGif;ap/ aps;qdkifcGefrSm wqdkifudk0f 2vajrmufvQif aiG 30 wdkufawmfodkU0foGif;ap/ ukefonfudk0fqdkifaewdkU0fupm;ap/ aps;em;cHaps; ppfaps; acgif;cefU/ qifwdkifrSm qifauswdkuf? jrif;wdkifrSmvnf; pcsDpjrif uvHoHjyifwdkUuoGif;ap/ weufyvmpD;awmfrm txdef;taMumif; vlwdkUudk0f vyu Oa& 300cefUí xdef;aMumif;ap/ jrif;xdef;wdkUrSm u&ifpkcsif;pkrsnf; pk,if; pkjrif;awmfaqmifrsm;rSm vlOD;a& 200 ay;a&ay;rsuf&dyfwjrufvSnf; tyfawmfrlonf/ tvSLawmfxD; wHcGefpuúLukuúm; yef;rSefrsm;rSm r[mwefwdkuf rSL;wdk0fu toHk;awmfcHap/ oifykwfawmftvSLawmf qGrf;qHqGrf;awmf avmif;rsm;rSm r[m[efwdkU0fu toHk;awmfcHap/ wdkifxrf;jrdKU0f&Gmrsm;rSm vusfm pma&;cefU? ausmfpnfwdkufrSm yk*Hjynfupnfolrif;MuD; a&Tjyif;nDaemif rif; 160 30 August 1598 &Jausmfrif;&JazG;wdk0frSm toHk;cHuH auR;cefUayonf/ vTwfurpD&ifom/ a0gbvmxrf;vlwdkU usdKif;pGJvltaqmifudkifvlwdkUudkvnf; a&S;&Sd&if;twdkif; &Sdap/ a&T0jrdK0fMuD;wGif atmifpGmewfwaqmif; ywfvnfawmifajrmuf taemuf wmudk0f ewfpmcHajra&S;cs&if;&Sdonftwdkif; wnfap/ anmif&rf;atmifajru ygonfh 5pD;&SifewfrSmvnf; waqmif;aqmufap/ ygwfvnfwm0ef;& 7wm ewfpmcHajrigoem;awmfrlonf/ ewfxdef;jidrf;csrf;udk0fc(efU)/ atmifpGmrSm txdef;rdomudkcefU/ a&SUwapmif; tapmifhta&SmufrSm a&Tjynfpdk0fu waqmif; 2&yfudk0f vl 2pDcefU xm;apmifhaeap/ jrdKUjyif&Sd ewfrif;rdbk&m;pudkif;aomwmyef aZwbDvl; *krÇmefoMum; pwkavmuygvmpaom ewfMuD;\ &yfrSm pudkif; jrdKU0folMuD;u auR;arG;ap/ twifawmfwifap/ wefwmOD;yef;&rSpí t&yf&yfjrdKU&Gm&Sdaom omoemawmfapmifhjrdKU0fapmifhewfwdkUudk0f pcsDpjrifuvHoHjyifwdkU0fu auR;arG; ap/ wESpfvQif 2MudefobifcHap/ twifawmfwGif pnfywfr ywfqdkifESJvifcGif; tpnfwD;½dk0ftwdkif;wD;rSKwf? ewfpmcHajr r&Sd&wemyl&twGif; ewfrif;ewf rdbk&m;wdkUudk0f obifawmfcHonf/ O'defrif;apmobifawmfrsm;rSm aZw&mZf aumufap/ aZw&ZfrSm aps; 15&yfwGif t&mawmf 12csdefcGifjyif t&yf&yfu qdkifwnfí a&mif;onfhcsdefcGifrsm;avonf/ t&yf&yfa&mif;avonfh csdefcGifrsm; rSm 12csdefcGifudk aZw&Zfu aumufpm;ap/ useforQcsdefcGifrsm;ESifh 12csdefcGif rsm;rSm t&mawmfoGif;ap&rnf/ 0efwdkUupD&if/ ouú&mZf 960 awmfovif;väef;10&uf (30 August 1598) em;cHpajrmifrSL;xkwfí vTwfwGifjyefonfh trdefUawmf/ (rsdK;Munfh 1944) 161 24 September 1598 bkef;awmftvGefMuD;jrwfawmfrlvSaom toQifb0&Sif rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; trdefUawmf&Sdonf/ ighuRHawmfrsdK0f taygif;wdkU0fonf qdkif&m oifh&m tpnft½kd0f om;ajr;wdkUonf xrf;&Gufaomt&mwdk0fwGifom ab;uonf bdk;bdk;uonf tbuonfudk0fwdkif apmifhodrf;½dk0faopGm tpnft½dk0fom;ajr; yDyD ab; bdk;bajc&mwGif eif;onfrvGJry,fuRHaumif;wdk0f zG,f&mESifh jynfhpHk onf jzpfawmhrnf/ rSL;om;rwfom;wdkU0fudk0f t&nftcsif;ESifh rSefuefolwdkU0f udk0f a&Taumufawmfrlí taqmifjrJcefUxm;awmfrlí jrJpGJ&onf/ aus;&Gm oem;awmfjrwfudk0f cH&oolwdkUvnf;&Sdonf/ rcH&oolwdkUvnf;&Sdonf/ toHk;tpm;cufavonf/ v,fcGefawmfrSpí jrif;ysuf v,fcGefawmf wESpfwMudrf a&;ppfodrf;cHaponfrSm vTwfwGif trSKxrf;MuD;? jrif;pD; 'dkif;rSL; aoGmHpkjrif;awmfonf? a&Tyef;yrf? tdrfa&SUawmfygaoGmHpkjrif;pkwdkUudkif ta&;tppf cefUawmfrl&mrSm twGif;awmfjrJwdkUu 20wefonf 10wefonfb*fí a&; ppfodrf;cHap/ ESpfopfwufudk0fvnf; twGif;0efoHqifhjAJwdkufawmfrSL; jyó'fawmfrSL; twGif;jrJajreef;0efaoGmHMuD;wdkUESifh 0if;awmf 4&yfacgif; pMuD;axmifuJ t0ef;wdkU0fudk0f ay;jrJay;ap/ twGif;0ef? ajreef;0ef? a&Twdkuf0ef? eefuHauR; 0efwdk0frSm ykqdk0f tem;ygay;&rnf/ taqmifawmfjrJwdkU0frSm ykqdk0fyvmay;? auRyuefig;usyfpD? ousm; 1? cgomtkyf1? i½kyfaumif; 1? acgif;wdk0fESifh axmifrSL;wdkU0frSm ouúvyf0wfvHkcg;wGefU 1? pMuD;wdkU0frSm ykqdk0feDaMumif 1? crnf;awmf [ofm0wDqifjzL&Sif rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m;v¬ufawmf oem;awmf rlonfh enf;igoem;awmfrlonf/ ay;jrJay;&rnf/ jyifaoemywdwdkU0fESifh 0efaxmufpma&;MuD; trdefUawmf& trSma&;wdkU0f udk0fvnf; oem;awmfrl&ef ykqdk0ftem;yg? cgomtkyfousm; 1pD i½kyfaumif; 1pD auRyuef 5csyfpD oem;awmfrljrJtwdkif; igoem;awmfrlonf/ rSwfom;í ay;&rnf/ wESpfvQif 12v? wvrSm tonfwwdkifxHaMu; 25 awmifpm; aMu; 2150d? tonfwdkifwwdkif xHudk xGufoifhwvxHaMu; 162 24 Stptember 1598 2750d jyifwdk0fyGm;í rxrf;apESifh/ wdkifbuf&mrSm vl 5a,mufudk wwdkif bufíxrf;ap/ tvdkawmf&Sd toHk;awmf&SdorQwdkUudk0f tonfwdkUuom toHk;taqmif awmfudk0fcHap/ t&yftuGuf tpktief; ul;oef;í rxrf;apESifh/ tpnft½dk; &Sdonfhtwdkif; toHk;awmfESifh pyforQudk0f tonfwdkifuom xrf;&Gufap/ 'dkif;0if;udk,f&efrSpí vufeufawmfpGJudkifí trSKawmf aeUnnfhxrf;&Gufool wdkU0frSm a&S;t½dk;tpOf &Sdonfhtwdkif;/ ab;uonfbdk0f? bdk;uonfb? buonfudk0fwdkif vufeufpGJudkifíxrf;ap/ aMu;aiG rcefUrxm; rawmif;rcH apeSifh/ avSoif;awmfabmifawmfrSpí &JavSuwåLuHHkonf avSoGm; azgudum; a&mif;0,forQrSm avS0efavSpma&;wdkU &SdavjyD/ avS0efavSpma&;wdkUuom pD&ifap/ abmif0ef[lí tcsm;csm;r&SdapESifh/ tpkt0ef; pma&;wdk0frSmvnf; igtoQif b0&Sif rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m;cefUxm;awmfrlí toD;oD;pD&ifusonf udk0f aoemywdwdkUrSpí 0efaxmifawmfwdkUu eSKyfí rpD&ifESifh/ 0efpkqdkif&m pD&ifí oabmrwl rajyí vTwfrSm avQmufxm;rS w&m;pum;rIwdkUudk0f pD&if/ rif;rIrif;cif;wdkif;a&;jynfa&;rsm;rSm vTwfuw0wnf; pD&ifcefUxm;oifhool wdkUudk0f cefUxm;aMumif; apyg;aMumif;udk0f avQmuf/ vufraxmufrSmvnf; ta&SUudk xD;aygif;um;taemufabmifum; awmifudk0fwwm; OD;ajrESifh aMumcdkif;/ ajrmHudk0f{&m0wDjrpfem;e,f4&yfwGifom cdk;ao;rD;yGm;&mZrSwfum, jrm;qGJiSufajymyif MuHyifpdkufwdkUudk0f cefUxm;pD&if/ ajro,fajrbdkU ausmufwl; ausmufiif vrf;jyifoMuJ a&qdwftHk bHk O&SpfvJ0goa&rD;aoG; wrmap; oHazG a&eH tHkqHwdkif aMu;wdkif aiGrSpí wHqdyfawmf& yd#uwfrSm pmwnf; pmMunfh*dkPf; yk*¾dKvfawmaewdpD0&dyfwdk0f jyefawmfrlvQif &xm;rSpí oj*ØKawmfrl&efrsm;udk0f toHk;wdkUuom toHk;awmf udkcHap/ jrpfi,fuif;pm;? jrpfruif;pm;? 0gawmqdwfpm;? cRef;awmif;jrawmif prÜg,fe*dk uRef;pnf[if;carmf opfawm4&yf 163 24 September 1598 pcsDpjrif uvHoHjyif ajrwdkif; ajrxdef;wdkU0frSmMudrf 0g;avsmfjrpfao opfwif; 0g;oeygjrif0g; MucyfrSpí 0g;rsdK0fopfrsdK0f Mudrfusdyf tdk;p&nftdk0fwef; ayguf uefrSpí toHk;aqmifawmfudk0fcHap/ onfhjyift&yf&yfjrdKU&Gmrsm;rSm a&S;ab;bdk0f bwdkU vufxuf qufoGif;½dk0frsm;udk0f qufoGif;ap/ (t)onf0ef? jrdKU0fvyf0ef? a&Twdkuf0ef? usD0ef? aiGcGef0ef? oH0ef? b@m0ef rSpí tpkpk0efwdkU rSmvnf; oGif;½dk;quf½dk; tpnf&Sdonftwdkif; wESpfvQif 12v 12vajrmuf vQif qufoGif;&ef[lorQudk 0HwGufcsufí yk&ydkufxuf trSwftom;Z,m;vkyf í a&Teef;pma&;ESifhqdkif&mwdkufusDrSmoGif;/ b@mawmft&mESifh 0efpm;a&;pm; r&SufraxG;apESifh/ t&mawmfudk t&mawmfrSmoGif;/ 0efpma&;pmrsm;udk0f 0efpma&;wdk0f oHk;pm;&rnf/ jrdKU0efppfuJ? em;cH? pma&;MuD;? tcGef0ef? avS0ef? vrdkif;rSL;? weufyvmrSL; ta0;jrdKU0f&GmcefUxm;&mrsm;rSm trdefUawmfvTwfawmf odkU0f jyefrS trdefUawmft&udk0f jyHaxmufí cefUxm;&rnf/ tavsmufrcefUxm; om/ trIxrf;ruHkpm&if;usolwdkUudk0f pm&if;wifvQif jrpfpOfwavsmufwGif avSrSwfuif;i,frsm;udk0f pma&;&rnf/ vTwfutif;pm&if;udk0favQmuf? trSLxrf;t&mxrf;wdkU0f pm&if;udk0f rjywfrvwf 0efwdkU0fu wif&rnf/ uRHawmfrsdK0fwdkU0fonf xHk;udkodaomfvnf; pHudkrod/ pHudkodaomfvnf; yHkudkrod? yHkudkodaomfvnf; oabmudkrod? oabmudkodaomfvnf; wnfvsuf oufaoudk0frodav/ wdkif;c½dkifEdkifiHtwGif;wGif pD&iforQrSm wckwnf; wrSwfwnf;om pGJrSwfolwdkU0fonf jrdK0f&GmpD&ifEdkifcJonf/ onfrsm;udk ESvHk; oGif;í ppfaMumar;jref;í xm;&rnf/ 0efwdk0fpD&if/ ouú&mZf 960 owif;uRwfvqef;5&ufaeU (24 September 1598) em;cHawmfajymhMuD;rSL;xkwfí vTwfawmfwGif jyHonfh trdefUawmf/ (rsdK;Munfh 1944) 164 30 July 1600 bkef;awmftvGefMuD;jrwfawmfrlvSaom toQifb0&Sif rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; trdefUawmf&Sdonf/ a&TMuif? oH? oapö;? y,if;? ausmH? b@mtcGefawmfquf 5pdkUtpkom;wdkUrSm? eef;½dk; toHk;taqmifjzpfí? wdkufawmfusawmfusDawmfodkU ESpfpnfqufoGif;&onf/ a&T? oH? oapö;? y,if;? ausmH? tpkom;wdkU aexdkifvkyfpm;onfh e,fajrudk rif;rdbk&m; rif;nDrif;om; rSL;rwfwdkUu tEkwft,l taESmift&Suftuyftcdkr&Sdap&/ wjrdKUw&GmaoGmHbGJU&mrygapESifh/ ygvQif a&Ttpkom;wdkUuEkwf,lap/ a&Ttpkom;wdkUaevQif a&Tajra&TaMumif; jzpfapí pD;yGg;awmf rysufrvyf&atmif wjrdKUw&Gm uGJjym;raeap&/ 0if;? 'dkif;? udk,f&ef? tdyfbef? qifawmfonf? jrif;awmfonf? tpktrSKxrf;wdkUESifh a&Ttpkom;wdkU oifhaevQif a,musfm;wwdkif rdef;rwwdkif rbGJUap&/ a&TcGefquftpkodkUygap/ ajruRefa&uRef vluRefrjzpfapESifh/ oayHgowuf taumHt,l r&SdapESifh/ iwdkif? iyk? ioD[? pm&if;wHqdyfcwfí tyf/ a&Tajra&Tausmif; &SdonfqdkvQif a&Teef;awmfwdkif? a&Teef;awmfatmufrSm? wl;abmfMuifvkyfxdk;csufí eef;½dk;b@ma&TcGefawmfudk qufoGif;ap/ a 165 30 July 1600 jyefoGm;vQif usD0efupm; eyf&du©may;í jyefoGm;ap/ a&TolMuD;wdkUpD;eif; &efjrif;uoHudkif; 7yGifh? uawmifa&Ta&; Zmr&D½kyfyef;cufudkuf? a&Tydef;ESif;odyf? tdrfajrmif&ifywfuGif;? a&TZ0g? pD;ESD;yvmuwåDyg? tkyfcufMu,fpD? xdyftkyf a&TyDvm;? rdk;MudK;MuKyf? vÇuftdk;? waumif;ydwf? xm;tdrf ig;ywfcHwGif; a&Tt½dk;? [if;&efbl;a&TuGyf? acG;ao;acG;r&wefU? aiGaxG;tif? a&TxD;? tdrfr tdrfOD;? aqmifjydKifcg;yef;owf? avSum;OD;wdkuf? avSum;ajr§mifrsm;ESifh aqmHvkyf aexdkifap/ a&TolMuD;wdkUESifh rdbom;r,m;wdkU aovGefvQif ysnfulusnf;xk? cg;yef;owf? uvyfcH? tbHk;urÜwf a&Tcsa&TarSmf 6yGifhMuJ? uEé0gteDokwf? xkwfavsmHtpGrf;a&Tcs? Mum&yfzsifeD a&Tanmif&GufqGJ? wEGEÅ&D? wEGEÅ&m? a&TjrLwm? aiGjrLwm? a&TbdwHk;? aiGbdwHk;? pEÅm;? ,rm;? ydwfwefa&SUoGm;? rD;avmifwdkuf iSufacs;cHrsm;ESifh oj*dK[fap/ ouú&mZf 962ckESpf awmfovif;vqef;2&ufaeU (30 July 1600) em;cHawmf aersdK;eE´oljyef trdefUawmf/ (rsdK;Munfh yk? 604) 166 30 October 1600 bkef;awmftvGefMuD;jrwfawmfrlvSaom toQifb0&Sif rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; trdefUawmf&Sdonf/ igom;awmfrif;&JOZem orD;awmfoD&drkwåmwdk0fonf awmifnmwifom;&Sifrdbk&m;om;awmf orD;awmfcsnf; jzpfMuonf/ rif;&Jodcfol rif;&JOZemwdk0fudk0f tdrfawmfoHkquf? twGif;rm&bif 2xyf jrif;Murf;wcg;? 2rsufESm trGef;csifydwf 'k&iftjym ajreDokwfa0gbvm usdKif;MuD; a&TcsufusdKif;i,f a&Tcsuf 2pD? rif;&Jodcfoludk pnfeD 1? a&TESJ 5? aiGc&m 5? yHk1? vcGif;1? rif;&JOpemudk0f pnfeD&? a&TESJ 1? aiGc&m 4ck? yHk 1? vcGif;1pD? qif&JuteDwpkpD a&T2pk? ,nfomaygif0ef; teDwpk a&T2pk? xm;vdkuf vuf0Jvusfm 12pif;? vkifwpnf? pm;awmfuGrf; a&udkifaygif;0ef;ESifh 7pD? igom;2yg;udkoem;awmfrlonf/ qdkif&mwdkufrSm,lap/ 0efwdkUu pD&if/ wyfaumif[efu OD;a& 40pD ay;í ygwfvnfwef;ESifh apmifhae&pf&rnf/ 0efwdkUupD&if/ ouú&mZf 962ck eawmfvqef;5&uf (30 October 1600) em;cHawmfajymhMuD;rSL;jyefonfh trdefUawmf/ (rsdK;Munfh 1944) 167 28 December 1600 bkef;awmftvGefMuD;jrwfawmfrlvSaom toQifb0&Sifrif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; trdefUawmf&Sdonf/ o®D;awmfyefxGmrif; qHxHk;xHk;em;xGif;r*fvmaqmifrnfudk a0gawmfrSm oD&dw&d b0emr[m"r®&mZm"dywda'0D[laom r,fawmfrdbk&m; taqmif&SdjyD/ xDjzL,rm;paom rif;crf;awmf raumif; a[mif;EGrf;orQudk Munfh½Iíjyifvkwfap/ a&TuHk;awmfcs,f e0&yfpDem;awmif;a&Tausmuftdrfyg e0&wfpD? b&ufpnf;aygif; qHxdk;qHusif'Gg',m vufaumufvufMuyf qHxHk; ,cife0&wfpD? a&Tom;xrD? a&ToGm;w&uf? odk0f,if; e0&wfpD? vufawmf 10 acsmif;vufpGwf? acsawmf10acsmif; acspGwfe0&wfpD? u&0dwf½kyfa&TacsESif; e0&wfpD? rdr®wHqmESifh pyforQwdkUudk aemuf0efwdkUu pD&ifap/ ac:íqdk/ xD;usdKif;,rm;a0gxH; (pif)qifjrif;vlolrSL;rwfpm;awmfuGrf; a&udkifa&SUjrif; aemufjrif; vuf,mjrif;vuf0Jjrif;rSpí aemufjrif;pkESifh pyforQteuf om;awmf ti,fo®D;awmfti,fwdkUudk csKyfay;onfhjyif usHorQaoGmufpkjrif;pk wdkUudk 0efwdkUupD&ifíaemuf0efwdkUudktyf/ a&SU0if;ua&T'dkif;5 a&TvSH5 w0faumif[ef5? um5? vTm;5 aoewf 5? tajrmuf 2? aemuf0if;u a&T'dkif;a&TvSH 55? wyfaumif[ef 5um;5? vTm;5? aoewf 5? tajrmuf 2? vuf0J0if;ua&T'dkif; 5? a&TvSH5 wyfaumif[ef 5? a&Tum; 5? a&TvTm;5? aoewf 5? tajrmuf 2? [efpnf[efarmif;? tvH4pif;? vufzGJUawmfrl&ef a&Tcsdef 100? aiGcsdef 300? uRHrdr®wa0? uRHa,musfmwa0? uRJ 100? EGm;wa0? qifayguf 40? qifr 20? anmif&mef;jrdKU&Sdom,mawmrk&if aumufMuD; aumufwDv,fy,f 10000 xGuf&mwuHk;? tcGefawmf 457? tkyfrsdK0f 100? xnfrsdK0f100? aMu; 10000 cJr 20000? 0rf;bJ 100? Muuf 100? qdwf 100? vufzGJUawmfrl&efrsm;ESifh pyg;MuDawmf? qHMuDawmf? oMum;wdkuf? iydwdkuf? iajcmHwdkuf? iaoGUwdkuf qm;wdkuf? i½kyf MuufoGefwdkuf apmifMuD; apmif(i,f)wdkuf? wdkufpdk;pma&; aomhudkif? wvkwf? c½dk0fcsdK0f? xif;udkif vlwdkUESifh wuGvufzGJU 168 28 December 1600 awmfrl&mefudk0f0efwdkU0fupD&if/ yefxGmjrdKU? ausmufyef;awmif;jrdK0f? pukjrdK0f? tjrifhjrdK0f? ueDjrdKU 5jrdKUvufzGJUawmf pm&if;rSmrSwf/ a&SUawmfajy;rSL;ESifh vlOD;a& 90? rdr®pnfrdr®apmif; rdr®n§if;tpHk? udEé&mZmwf? raemfZmwf? 0dwdk0f&Zmwf? ukr®m&Zmwf? tEÅ&a'0DZmwf? rsm;udkvnf; pm&if;ESifhwifí toifh&Sdap/ aemuf½Hk;awmfxGif;xGif waqmif;2xyfywfvnfMum&yfwdkif eDyg;pnf; &pf rsufemusufoawmifajymufxk? 'kydumxyfí a&TxD;wifap/ tif;awmfajr? awmiforefajr? 'ajreDomuHk;ajr? wJawmf&majrrSpí ajrrsdK0f 108rnf/ uif;wm;awmifpufa&rSpí wGif;xGufa&? qnfa&? yifa&? acsmif;a&? ork'´&mav;pif;a&? jrpfMuD;ig;oG,fa&? jrpfi,fa&? jrpfra&? tkrf;oD;xJwGifa&? rdk0fa&? a&Tpdrfaoma&? aiGpdrfaoma&? e0&pdrfaoma& rsdK0fpdrf aoma&rsm;udk0f tdk;p&nf;MuD; 5vHk;wGif tzHk;ESifh a&rSKwf0gjynfESifh wdrfatmifwGifwnfxm;ap/ igo®D;awmfudk0f qHxHk;xHk;r*fvm? em;xGif;r*fvmaqmif&mü wHaqmif; pnfvsufawmif2tHk;bl;tHk;yGifhpaom opfoD;qdkif;yef;qdkif;qGJap/ qDrD; wefaqmifn§dap/ rEÅHawmfwdkU0fudk0f 7&ufvnfatmif ref;ap/ aoemywd 0efaxmufpma&;MuD;wdkU aemuf½Hk;odk0fwufpD&if/ igo®D;awmfudk qHxHk;xHk;r*fvm em;xGif;r*fvmaqmif&mefrsm;udk waqmif;pnfvsufawmifajrmuf 4ql 'lydum ESifhwdkifcwfygrTrf; rsufESmwma&tzsifoawmifESifhpD&if/ ovGHawmfcif;ap/ ydwfrSefqDwmrSpí xHk;&mefjrdwf&mef;xGif;&efa&Ttyfe0&wfpD? a&TyGifh? rifudkcsnf? y&dwfcsnf? y&dwf&nf? y&dwfyef; y&dwftdkif? oMuFefawmfac:rSm &mZedE´m"dywd ykPÖm;wdkU ukd0far;ípD&if/ &if;ysm; e0&yf 7&pfpDa&TbGJUawmfMuD;a&;&mef ugrf;uGuf8axmifh vkyfap/ udE´&mabmifawmf? avSmfum; 2pif; wifjyó'f5? yHkrdk0feDa&TrGrf; 169 28 December 1600 ouú'geforÇmefabmfawmfa&TavSmfum;4wdkUudk0fvnf; &efxm;í r[mr*fvm awmfMuD;aqmifoaeU? &mefatmifjrifqdwfuabmifudk0f&Snfí toifhaeap/ igo®D;awmfarmifawmf&if; &wemtif;wdrfjrdK0f? wrq&ifjrdK0fvnfvl jrdK0fpm;om;awmfarmif r[m"r®&mZm? om;awmfrif;&Jodcfol? om;awmfarmifrif; &J OZemwdkUudk ywåjrm;em;awmif;qifí emrawmft&if;wGifaeap/ aeUoifh rif;om;rif;o®D;wdkUrSpí ewf&Sifjrif;pka&TjrLwmydkuf rdr®&/ rif;w&m;jrif;pk aiGjrL wmydkuf&? apmfbGm;jrdK0fpm;wdkU0f\o®D;? rl;rwfwdkU0fuawmf? rif;nDrif;om;? trwfMuD; 5oG,f aewdkU0frSpí acR&Hap/ xrif;&wemcGifh&mrSm ignD;awmfoD&d"r®maomu? r[m&mZmaomu wdkUudkcefU? &wemxrif;vHk;cGrfh? a&Tzsif 2buf jrdwf ywåjrm; w&pfpD? udk,fawmf udkifrif;o®D;yHkrSm rif;o®D;wdkU0f\ 2a,mufvufpHkudkifícHap/ a&awmfqufrSm wdkifwm; rif;o®D;[ofmrif;o®D;wdkU0f qufap/ pnfawmfpHkoufawmfpHk cHawmf rlrnf/ pD&ifítoifh&Sdap/ ouú&mZf 962 wydkwGJväef;5&uf (28 December 1600) em;cHajymhMuD; rSL;xkwfí vTwfawmfwGifwifonfhtrdefUawmf/ (rsdK;Munfh 1944) 170 1 March 1601 oufawmfw&m&Snfawmfrlí &wemrsdK0fwdkU0fESifh jynfhpHkawmfrlrnfh xrif;&wem/ 96jzma&m*g taygif;raumif;orQ um,0pDt*FgwdkU rpGJruyfaom xrif; &wembk&m;? jynf&Gmomoemawmfa&; crnf;awmf bk&m; trSKrsdK0fwdkUudk0f xrf;uHkEdkifpGm ynmawmfjynfhpHktHhaom xrif;&wembk&m;? bkef;ya'omtmPm wefcdk;ausmf[dk;vGefxif&H rsdK0fpiftHhaom xrif;&wembk&m;? a&S;½dk0f t&matmif csma&Teef;jref;awmfrl&tHhaom xrif;&wembk&m;? o'¨g,HkMunfwnfMunfoDv o&PESifh "r®w&m;ajzmifhom; apwemruGmrnfh xrif;&wembk&m;? 'geoDvm r*fvmESifh &wem3g; OD;xdyfxm;rS OZHk0Ho tavmuESifh jynfhpHkawmfrlrnfh xrif;&wembk&m;/ ouú&mZf 962ck wefcl;väef;9&ufaeU (1 March 1601)eHeuf 4csufwD; ausmf 3em&D 2ywf 10ADZemjynfh rdóvufjyDóü MudKufvsufqHxHk;em;xGif; r*fvmMudKufonfh tcgawmf ykPÖm;awmfr[m"dywd oD&dt"dywd/ (rsdK;Munfh 1944) 171 29 July 1603 bkef;awmftvGefMuD;jrwfawmfrlvSaom toQifb0&Sifrif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; trdefUawmf&Sdonf/ jrwfrkedbk&m;taemufausmif;awmf aqmufrnfrSm uGef;56 pnf trdk0fav;xyfqifuyfywfvnfapmif;wef; 5qlrSH uif; 4pif; trGrf;csif ydwfrsm;rSm ½kyfrsdK0fpHkpDxkvkyfpD&ifí aqmuf&rnfrSm? ta&SUrkwf0awmif 56 ausmif;rSmp ausmausmif;? ausmif;OD; taemufudkxm;ap/ ajrmufodkU0frsufESm rlap/ ajrmufu 5ausmif;rSm ausmif;OD; taemufawmifodkU0f rsufESm½Iap/ taemufrkwf0 awmif5ausmif; 56 rSm a&SUudkausmif;OD;xm;ap/ ajrmufudk rsufESm½Iap/ rkwfajrmuf 5ausmif;rSm a&SUodkU0fausmif;OD;xm;ap/ awmifodkU0f rsufESm½Iap/ awmifrsufESmta&SU 5ausmif;rSm ajrmufodkUausmif;OD;xm;ap/ aemufausmif;rSm ajrmufodkU ausmif;OD;xm;ap/ ta&SUodkUrsufESm½Iap/ ajrmufrkwf0ta&SU 5ausmif;rSm awmifodkU0fausmif;OD;xm;ap/ ta&SUodk0f rsufESm ½Iapí aqmufap&rnf/ ausmif;aqmifcefUawmfrlonf apmfbGm; 4usdyfwdkUudk0f ac:qdk&rnf/ aqmifwdkif raqmufapESifh/ opf&yfawmifxGmvufopfopfqkyfesm;udk0fvnf; wnDwnGwfwnf; jzpfap/ wGif;0if;vnf; vufawmif1f 2dudk wcsufwD;wGif wdkif;ay;&rnf/ ydokumrSm oD&dpnfol ESvHkaus;ESKyf vdr®monf/ onfydókumwdkUudk cefUxm;&rnf/ 0efwdkUupD&if/ ausmif;½krf;awmfaqmufjyD;vQif wausmif;xGuf p&dyfaiG&GufeD 10 pDaiGawmf 400 a&Twdkufawmf0efuay;ap/ 0efwdkUuxkwfjrJ xkwfí ay;&rnf/ ausmif;awmfudk t&mawmfopfawmfrsm;u roHk;ESifh/ crnf;awmfbk&m;aiGawmf? r,fawmfbk&m;aiGawmf? igtoQifb0&Sifrif;w&m; MuD;bk&m;aiGawmf? om;awmfarmifwvkyfrif;armifawmfqifrif; armifjyOfpOf rif;ac:oEÅDrif; r,fawmf rdbk&m;aiGawmfu0,fonfh popfysOfoHpapö; teD [ifoywm; a&Tawmfvkyfaqmif&efaiG 10000u ESKwfíoHk;ap&rnf/ aoem ywd 1? 0efaxmuf 1? pma&;MuD; 1? vufraxmifrSL; 1? wdkU 172 29 July 1603 usyfrí aqmuf&rnf/ ouú&mZf 965ck 0gacgifväef;2&ufaeU (29 July 1603) em;cHpajrmifrSL;xkwfí vTwfawmfwGifjyefonfh trdefUawmf/ (rsdK;Munfh 1944) 173 1 August 1603 bkef;awmftvGefMuD;jrwfawmfrlvSaom toQifb0&Sifrif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; trdefUawmf&Sdonf/ igom;awmf wyJ,if;rif;udk crnf;awmfbk&m;v¬ufawmf [Hom0wDa&Teef;odrf;wGif owdk;rif;acgifausmf a&TbGJUawmfudk cH&onf/ igtoQif b0&Sifrif;w&m;MuD;wGifvnf; om;awmfMo&oawmifnmwifxm; oD&dr[m"r®&mZm"dywda'0DtoQif rdbk&m;om;awmf rif;&Jodcfol rif;&JOZemwdkU aemifawmforD;awmf oD&durkwåmarmifawmf&if;jzpfí tdrfa&SUESif;awmfrl&onf/ owdk0fr[m"r®&mZma&TbGJUawmf qufap&rnf/ &if;zsm;ywåjrm;pDudk0f tcgawmf ESifhpyfap/ vkwfap/ tdrfa&SUtdrfawmfrSm crnf;awmfbk&m;v¬uf ig;qlwum aeaomtdrfa&SUtdrfawmfyHkudk pHbufípD&if/ igom;awmfudk0f txl;oem;awmfrl&efvnf; uHauR;cHwyJ,if;jrdK0f? &wemqifxdef;jrdK0f? pOfhul;jrdK0f? r*fvmusDawmf? ydEéJo&ufO,nfawmf wHwm; OD;r*fvmuGrf;O,nfawmf? a&T[oFmabmifawmf? avSmfum;a&TpufxGif;jynhf? oufu'gef&JavS0? uwÅL 5 pif;? udk,fvkwfawmfpD;bdkY0f abmif,Gef;qufrdk;wf; eD 2 pif;wGJ? 1 pif;? a&SUawmfajy;rSL;ESihfpOfeD 15? aiGc&m 7 pif;? aiGESJ 7? yHk 1? pnfyvkwf 1? vifcGif; 1? pD;awmf,nfomr 4 tajrmufaoéwf'dkif;0if; udk,f&efaumif[ef a&Tav;a&T"m;um? umeDvTm? a&TvSHqifeD/ pm;awmfuGrf; a&udkif? rl;om;rwfom; 80? aygif;0ef;qif 1? tdrfa&SUawmfpD;NrJ? a0ga&T 2 pk teDwpk? usdKif;a&Tcsuf 4? vkifpnf 2 pnf? a&SU0ef;pD&ifpk aZ,sausmfolaoGmH? au:awmfeEÅrdwfaoGmH? rl;om;rwfom; rwfom;BudKrSL; pkrSL;vwfrwfpk awmifil olaumif;pk? vlysdKpma&;pmcsDpk? a&SUawmfajy;pk? qifuJwkdYaoGmH? racgufpm; aoGmuf? ra&Smufpm;aoGmuf? awmif&Gmpm;aoGmuf? aomfuwdkaoGmuf? ol&Jvkif rSL;aoGmuf? O'defwaoGmH? oli,fawmfrSL;aoGmuf? txGif;a&TrSL;aoGmuf? wk&if a0&aoGmuf? a'0ol&aoGmuf? ewfpuf&JrSL;aoGmuf? ausmfbuf&HpifrSL;aoGmuf? wefYMunfpm;aoGmH? vufrnf;pm;aoGmuf? aygufawmpm;aoGmuf? uHydkifpm; aoGmuf? uRJwyfpm;aoGmuf? rif;om;oD[&Jausmfvlpk/ 174 1 August 1603 oD&daZ,sausmfolvlpk? vif;Zif;jrif;pk? vHkaygjrif;pk? '0,fjrif;pkrSpí tdrfa&SUawmfESif;vsuf tdrfa&SUawmfrSm xrf;NrJvlpktkyf? aemuf0efpD&ifpkrSmvnf; tdrfa&SUESif;vQuf cGJa0ay;NrJ uRefawmfrsdK0fwdkUudk0f aoemywdwkdY0fu taemuf 0efrSpí qdkif&m0efwdkU0frSm EIwfiifí tdrfa&SU0efpma&;BuD;wkdY0frSmtyfap/ a&yHkcyfrdr®uGrf pnfuGrf;jyifyGJcsdK0f a&bGiffhcsdK0f a&wnfa&Munfawmf 0wfvJawmfavsmf? pm;awmfonf? tarT;awmfquf? ae&mawmfcif; ,yfawmfcH axawmfxdkifqDarT;awmf qufqHawmfoif rdr®wkd0frSpí txdrf;awmft&awmf tcsDawmfrdr®aoGmuf pkjrif;pkuEIwfítyf&rnf/ 0if;wcg; 2 &yf? rm&bifa&SYESpf aemuf 2 qDwm;ap/ a&TavSmfum;rsufpdwwfap/ &wemrsdK; 10 yg; pDw&mpD csnf; igom;awmfarmiftdrfa&SUrif; r,fawmfrdbk&m; acgifOpöm&yf wdkif;xGifom; BuD; Mo&opkukd0f tvHk;oem;awmfrlonf/ toQifb0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD; bk&m;oem;awmfrSm v,f,mudkif;uRef; EGm;awmfuRJawmf qdwf0ufMuuf a&TaiGe0&wfousm; pGHyvGHtkyfrsdK0f wnfrsdK0f w&mpDcsnf; oem;awmfrlonf/ qkdif&mwkdufrSmawmif;í 0efwdkUutyf&rnf/ tdrfawmfodrf;rnhf tcgawmfra&mufrD w&ufuykPÖm;wdk0fudk0f 550 paom ewfaygif;wdkUudk0fylaZmfap/ ewfobifcHap/ usD0efpma&;wkd0fudk0f xm;&yf 6 yg; xm;NrJxm;ap/ ydokumvuform;acgif;wkdYu 'u©dPogcg½kyfawmfrSpí ½kyfxkawmfrsm; ESihf yd#uwfawmfxkwfrsm;udkxg;ap? obifawmfoHk;&ufcHap? om;awmfarmif tdrfa&SUrif; eef;xGif;uxGufvQif 5 oG,faewdkUrSpí trnf&apmfbGm;NrdKUpm; wyfaygif;pm;jrif;BuD; oif;rSL;'dkif;rSL;wdkUaemufvdkufí csH&Hap/ 0efwdkY0fpD&if/ ouú&mZf 965 (0gacgif;) väef; 5 &ufaeY (1 August 1603) em;cH pajrmifrSL;xkwfí vTwfxGifjyonhftrdefYawmf/ (rsdK;Munhf 1944) 175 27 April 1604 bHk;awmftvTefBuD;jrwfawmfrlvSaom toQifb0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m; trdefY awmf&Sdonf/ crnf;awmfbk&m; t½kduft&mjzpfaom &wemyl& a&TNrdKUBuD;udk0f igpdk0fawmfrlonf tOmusdKif; 9 usdKif;? rdkif; 9 rdkif;? xg; 9 xm;? arm 9 armrS pí rkdif;0efNrdK0fa&muf r,nfaus;aom &Srf;&Grf;vl; w½kwfw&uufwdkUudk0f ,nfaus;atmiftusdK0ftaMumif;udkjyoí nDawmfowkd;"r®&mZm nDawmfrif;&J OZemwdkY0fudk vufeufudkifwaomif; wyfAdkvfrSL;ppfuJ em;cHwyfpma&;ESifh csDoGm;&rnf/ &Srf;jynfwcGif rndrfr0yforQudk0f pD&if&rnf/ ac:awmfrlrSvm&rnf/ tpD;teif;rSm owkd0f;"r®&mZmrSm a0gBuD;usdKif;a&Tcsuf 4 tdrfa&SUaqgif oem; awmfrlonf/ rif;&JOZmemudk0f a0gyvmusdKif;BuD; a&TcsufusdKif;i,f a&Tcsuf 2 oem;awmfrlonf/ owkd;"r®&mZmrSm pD;qif 4 ,nfomr 1 rif;&JOZemrSm pD;qif 1 ,nfomrm oem;awmfrlonf/ ouú&mZf 966 ck jymodkvjynfhausmf 4 &uf paeaeY(28 December 1604) ae0ef;awmfudkk0fcsD oGm;&rnf/ 0efwdkUuac:í vTwfxGifcefY/ ouú&mZf 966 ck uqHkväef; 10 &ufaeY (27 April 1604)trdefYawmf/ (rsdK;Munf 1944? wufA[kd 45235? *efYa*gtHhay) 176 20 June 1604 bkef;awmftvTefBuD;jrwfawmfvSaom toQifb0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m; trdefYawmf&Sdonf/ ouú&mZf 966 ck 0gqdkvqef; 5 &ufaeY (20 June 1604) pnfBuD;wD;í trdefYawmfjyefaponfht&m a&S;rpädrma'owkdif;BuD;jynfBuD; xHk;pH yHkESihfnDatmif crnf;awmfbk&m;v¬ufawmf [Hom0wDaejynfawmfwGif pD&if awmfrlonf/ pnfBuD;wD;í trdefYawmfudk jynfonfudk 0efwdkY0frodavm0f? pnfBuD;wD;onfum rnfonhfpum; rnfonfhtrSK rnfonhftaMumif; rnfonfht&m rnfonhftcsufqdk0f pum;usL;vGefonf/ armif;BuD;wD;aponfh t&mum; rnfonhftaMumif; rnfonfht&m rnfonhftrSKudk0fod&rnf/ pD;qifxGif&Juwifí trdefYawmfjyefonf ta&;um; rnfonhftrSkKudk ul;oef; &monfpum; twd*rÇD&eufeJaom tpD&ifudk0f pD&ifawmfrlíjyefaponf/ aoemywd r[m"r® a&Tb0g;awmfatmuf&Sdcdk; oHawmfOD;wifygonfbk&m;? 0gqdkvqef; 5 &ufaeYonf r[maAg"dr@dKifu rd*'g0HkodkU oHk;vlxGwfxm; bk&m;tpdaE´,savmu q&myxr 0guyfawmfrlrnf 177 20 June 1604 (rsdK;Munhf 1944) 178 8 August 1604 ouú&mZf 966 0gacgifvjynhfausmf 9 &ufaeY oD[ol&"r®&mZmrif; w&m;onf oHvsufcHkxGif owdk;rif;zsm;wnfaom &wemyl&NrdKUBuD;udk tmPm qufí (xyf) wnfonf? a&Tjynfpkd;cefYí aZw&mZfbGJUudkwwfonf? armifyka&T onf oem;awmfrlonf toHk;awmfvnf;tHkwHk? tkyf&Spf? vJ0g? oa&? armifyka&Tonf oem;awmfrlonf toHk;awmfvnf;tHkwHk? tkyf&Spf? vJ0g? oa&? rk½kd;om; rD;aoG;? wrmap;? a&Smf? yGJ&uf? a&eH? wifvJ? rusnfrSnfh? [rfzl;? 12 rSKwdkif;aoudkxrf;ap/ vTwfwufvÇufacsmif;? cgomrsm;udk crnf;awmfbk&m; trdefYawmf&if;twkdif; vÇufacsmif;udk wHcg;eDrSL;u? cgomomvludk vufaqmif ,lwdkufpdk;pma&;wkdUu? tonf0efpmcH,lí a&mif;NrJa&mif;ap/ a&Tjynfpdk; aZmw&mZfudkvnf; tonf0efu pmtyfNrJtyfap/ tpxGify#dya'¨ tonf&if;wkdUrSm wwkdifvQifvlig;a,mufzuf&rnf/ olBuD;ayg Haz:wkdUrSm vl 10 vQifwwdkifzufap/ q,fva&mufvQif tonf&if; wdkUwdkifrSm aMu; 250d? wusdyfpkwkdifrSmvnf; aMu; 250d xrf;ap/ tonfrESifh wNrdKUw&GmutonfwdkUoifhaevQif tvmjzpfap/ wajrwa& wNrdKw&Gmu vifpHkr,m;pHk aevSmoolwkdUudk uyÜgjzpfap/ wajrwa& w&Gmrif;rSKxrf; twGuf tpkcsawmfrlí pm;ajray;csonf/ 0if;udk,f&HwdkUrSm tBuD;acgif;wdkUonf trIawmfudk xrf;&Guf&Sdavonfudkaxmufí 0if;udk,f&Htpk t&if;twdkif;xGif tdrfajcwdkifpkdufaeonf/ t&if;omrQjzpfonf/ tonftvmrqdkapESihf? trIxrf;jzpfí NrdKUpm;&Gmpm; tdrfaqmHNrJjyif &Gmodrf;&Gmwuf &du©mawmf qefacsm oHwrefvufEdkifiH av;udkifausmufwl; ausmufiifajro,f ajrzdkUtrSkKawmf rsm;rSm tonf&if;aMu; 3 tvmaMu; 50d? uyÜg;aMu; 75d 0if; ukd,f&HaMu; 37d 2H xrf;ap/ jyefonfhtrdefYawmftwkdif; ouú&mZf 997 ck e,kefvjynfhausmf 4 &uf paeaeY(24 May 1635 )omvGefrif;w&m;BuD; t0a&Teef;udk odrf;jref;awmf rl&mwGif crnf;amwfbk&m; trdefYawmftwdkif;jyefonf/ 1011? 1649? 1023? 1661? 1034? 1672? 1066? 1704? 1076? 1714? 1095? 1733 ckonf ajcmufquf aomrif;wkdUvnf; anmif&rf;rif;w&m; trdefYtwdkif;jyefonf/ (rsdK;Munfh 1944) 179 16 September 1605 bkef;awmftvTefBuD;jrwfawmfrlvSaom b0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m; trdefYawmf &Sdonf/ barmfaMumif; odE´daMumif;jynfa&;wdkif;a&;rSm igudk,fawmfom;awmf armiftdrfa&SUrif; rif;&Jod*fol rif;&JOZemwkd0fESifwuG csDawmfrlrS ta&awmfajy vG,frnfjzpfonf/ AdkvfrSL;wyfrSL; ol&Jolcuf vufeufukdiftpnf; tMuyfudk tvsifNyD;ajyatmif ,cku&efxm;í&Sdap/ NrdK0f&du©mawmfwifEGm;? aqmifrnhfol tMuyftrwdkUESihf orm;yef;awmif; ynm&SdykPÖm; wm;rJhq&mawmfwkdUudk avQmuf? wkdufavS&Javmif; uwåL&JavSjrm;rSm barmfxGifomaqmif&rnf/ qifjrif;ajconfwdkUudk 1000 udk tMuyf 100? w&mvQif tMuyf 10? 10 vQif 1 a,mufusuGyfí aq;usnfaph? ,ef;cJuefYrSpí tajrmufaoewf xm;vSHvufeuf ud&d,myg&ef aqmif&efrsm;udk0f pD&if&rnf/ awmqif½kdif; orm;½kyfpHkrsm;ESihf obifpma&;wkdUudk &efxm;í toifh&Sdap&rnf/ 0efwdkUu pD&if/ igom;awmf "r®&mZmukd0f a0gbvmusdKif;BuD; a&TcsufusdKif;i,f a&Tcsuf aqmifap/ igom;awmf rif;&Jodcfol rif;&JOZemwdk0frSm pD;qif&JuESihf 1 pDay;tyf&rnf? 0efwkdUuac:íqkd0f/ ouú&mZf 966 waygif;väef; 10 &ufaeY (16 February 1605) em;cH pajrmifrSL; vTwfxGif jyefonfhtrdefYawmf/ (rsdK;Munhf 1944) 180 26 September 1605 ouú&mZf 960 0gacgifvjynhfausmf 11 &uf 5 aeY (11 August 1958 ) wefwm;OD;r*fvmeef;pHawmfrlonf/ r*fvmeef;awmfe,fum; ta&SSYudkwpD; &SifwHwkdif;xd/ taemufum; zsufrEdkifv,fBuD;/ ajrmufum;yef;aq;acsmif;/ awmifum;wk&ifajrodkU oGm;onhfvrf;r[lí ydkif;csm;om;em;NyD;rSaqmufaom r*fvmeef;ü pHawmfrl\/ eef;awmfemrH r[mbHkomorkwfawmfrl\/ r[mbHkom eef;awmfu tif;0NrdKUeef;awmf taqmifaqmifaqmufonfrSm pHawmfrl&ef eef;awmfutif;0NrdKU eef;awmftaqmifaqmifaqmufonfrSm pHawmfrl&ef eef;awmfudk paMum 5 yGifhaqmufap\/ paMum 5 yGifhxGifog? a&Trif½dk;xnfhap \/ eef;awmfodrf;onfum; ouú&mZf 960 2 November 1958 wefaqmifrkef; vjynhfaeYodrf;awmfrl\/ vjynfhausmf 1 &ufaeY (3 November 1958 ) OuifawmfzGihfawmfrl\/ ta&SUoHwefwm;/ taemufyifv,fem;? ajrmufa& ay:rD;? iem;BuD;? ouf? uoJwkdUae&m/ awmif,dk;',m;[lí EdkifiH (csJY) awmfrl \/ tnmusdKif;aonf NrdKUusdKif;csdKifNrdKudk NrdKU0efppfuJ em;cHcefYawmfrl\/ pmcRef ay;aomtcg NrdKU0efocifbk&m;? ppfuJawmfrif;rsm; pmvdyfwyfí pmcRefay;aom tcg NrdKU0efocifbk&m;? ppfuJawmfrif;rsm; pmvdyfwifí pmcRefay;&\/ Zif;r,fNrdKU? awmifilNrdKU? rkwårNrdKU? [Hom0wDNrdKU? xm;0,fNrdKU rif;wHk;NrdKU? jynfNrdKUrsm;odkU rif;om;udk NrdK0efcefY\/ pmcRefay;&\/ a&;NrdKU0ef? pvif;NrdKU0ef? a&uif;0efrsm;rSm pmwkdpm&Snfay;&\/ pmcRefoem;awmfrlonf/ NrdKU0efwdkUudk axmifrSL;t0ef; tmPmvufra&Smiftyfawmfrlí armif;xrf;armif;wD; vltyf awmfrl\/ 0dZ,yl&xGif ig;pD;&SifcefYawmfrlonfhtwdkif; xyfícefYawmfrl\/ þodkUwdkif; c½dkifEdkifiHrSwfí a&Teef;pHawmfrl\/ em&Darmif;wH aqmify[kd&fpif atmufí pnfBuD;acgif;avgif;qGJawmfrlí wD;ap\/ pG,fawmfpifaqmuf\/ wdkif;c½dkif EdkifiHawmfrsm;udk rpjyKawmfrl\/ r[mjrwfrkedapwDawmf t&yfoH 7 ESpfq,f 5 awmif&Sdaom aumifrI awmfudk ouú&mZf 964 ck (aESmif;) wcl;vjynhfausmf 2 &ufaeY (18 March 1603) 181 26 September 1605 píajrzdkU&\/ ausmif;awmf&majrudkvnf;zkdUap\/ apwDawmfwnf\/ ausmif;awmfav;xyf&Sd\/ ausmif;awmfudk wifvSLawmfrl\/ ouú&mZf 967 ck jymokdvjynfhausmf 4 &ufaeY (17 December 1605) AefarmfodkUcsDawmfrl\/ om;awmf'DyJ,if;rif;om;udk tdrfa&SUaqmiftyfawmfrl\/ ykcef;jrif;pk? '0,fjrif; pk? vÆif;jrif;pk? vHkaygjrif;pkukd tyfawmfrl\/ ysOfysm;? jyif;rem;? &rnf;oif; a&TcGefawmf aiGcGefawmfponfwkdUudk oem;awmfrl\/ om;awmftdrfa&SUrif;ukd a0gBuD;? usdKif;? a&Tcsuf 4? pDeD 5? yHkomywf? aiGc&m? aiGESJ? 'kr®if;tpHk? pD;qif 6? ,nfomr 2? om;awmfrif;&Jod*fol? om;awmfrif;&J OZemwdkUudk a0gyvm? usdKif;BuD;a&Tcsuf? usdKif;i,fa&Tcsuf 2? avSmfum;y&dwfjcnf 5 qifh? atmif;jzL 5 yGifh? avSmfum;yJh Adwk&ifaemifvkyf? avSmfum;pif;vHk;yGwfjynfh? cifw,ifteDwpk a&T 2 pk? acgif;oHMuufarmufa&T xnfh? trTef;ajymHwk? wk,ifvGwf? [if;&rf;bl;yJh wufa&TajrSmh0ef;? t½dk;BuHqpf? avSmfvlaygif;xkyfESihf? wuf&Tuft½dk; tjzLoem;awmfrlonf/ pD;qif 2? ,ifom 1? taqmifeD 6? a&SUaqmifxm;rnhf o&Dteuftdyf oGwf? vkvifaygif;0wfESihf wpnf;pnf 9? yHkom? aiGc&m? aiGESJ? 'Hkrif; oem; awmfrlonf/ qkdif&mwdkufrSm,lap/ ouú&mZf 967 ck owif;uRwfvjynhfausmf 10 &ufaeY (26 September 1605) em;cHawmfajymh BuD;rSL;jyef/ (rsdK;Munhf 1944) 182 28 October 1605 bef;awmftvTef BuD;jrwfawmfrlvSaom toQifb0&Sif rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m; trdefYawmf&Sdonf/ crnf;awmfbk&m;onf vljynfnD;í ewfjynfpHawmfrlonf/ igom;awmfBuD; Mo&ojzpfawmfrlí crnf;awmfbk&m; t½kduft&mjzpfaom a&T0NrdKU0fBuD;ü iga&Teef;pHawmfrlonf/ a&mif;0,faexdkifNrJ aexdifap&rnf/ txdyftvefYr&SdapESihf/ aexdkifa&mif;0,fap/ ouú&mZf 967 ck waqmifrHk;vjynhfausmf 13 &ufaeY (28 October 1605) jynfolwdkUtm; qifawmf&JuwifESihfjyefawmfrlonhf trdefYawmf/ (rsdK;Munhf 1944) 183 9 November 1605 bkef;awmftvTef BuD;jrwfawmfrlvSaom toQifb0&Sif rif;w&m;BuD;bk&m; trdefYawmf&Sdonf/ om;awmfarmif tdrfa&SUrif; r[morwrif;wkdUrSpí pMu0aw;rEÅwfrif;wkdUESihf ZrÁL'dyfuRef;tjyif0,f xD;aqmif;eef;aewkdUxGif om;awmftdrfa&SUae&SdrS rif;{u&mZfwdkU wifhw,fonfrsm;udk axmufawmfrlí tdrfa&SUaqmifESihfwuG igtdrfa&SUESif;awmfrlonf/ igcrnf;awmfbk&m;udk t&SifrSwf/ yOöoDaqmufwnf/ wvav; oDwif;Oyk'fü aqmufwnf/ vu©Pma&;oHk;yg;udk rjywfpdwf&rnf/ 'geH'wGm ukovmp? t*¾zvH y0"saem/ qumrm0&Hydp/ b0gba0 rEkaóm0g? 1/ oDvH orm"d,mrd? oAÁm[dw r*¾ r*Fged edAÁmep ypöa,m a[mwk/ pwåm&dr[mukovH/ 2/ y&dpm*oaOö0o'gzvH o'HAv oH[ó? 'lbmZeH o'¨r®wd/ 'daEé'daEéok odu©dawm/ 3/ tZÆ0ó'k&u©dawm? OZkp? ok[k Zkp? tygodaum emyd ewåd/ uk ovóp tm&mrH/ 4/ rk'l0Hydp oyÜowåm? odaEé[Hydp ta[mod? a'a0p rEkóeOö tou©&dr[mrdwåH/ 5/ oAÁodyÜ ZemeHyd? ypöa,m ok0PÖ & ZdxGm? t*fk&H yDw 0dówd? apwem,Hs 184 9 November 1605 odaEé okcd/ 6/ taumZmeH 0db0wd? rmP" "meHydp OgaywHk/ *rÇDa,m om&eH pdwåH ur®med/ 7/ t0d[dóeOö0od? arwåm&? ,H odaEé ,Hydp? okur®awm od'¨dudpöH tnrnH yd,Hrr? 8/ cEÅDp y0&mvmbH? o'¨r®mod aw wH tod? oaAÁowåm ta0&mp 'kau©m rkOöEÅKoAÁ'g/ 9/ t0da&mZdem,yd? tmrdó okc orÜawå? oAÁZmemokcdrrH arwåodaEé okcg0a[m/ 10/ tp&Sdaomw&m;udk rif;taygif;wdkUonf rarhravsmhaqmifukefavmh/ rif;usifh w&m;rsm;pGmwdkUudk ESpfvHk;oGif;&rnf/ om;awmftMuD; Mo&ojzpfí a&S;rif;jrwfwdkU tpnfudkvTJawmfrlonf/ igcrnf;awmf toQifb0&Sifrif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; tdrfa&SUawmfESifhpyforQ taqmift&Guf? tpD;teif;? uHauR;awmfcHjrdKU? pyg;usD? qefusD? wdkufus? O,nf? v,f,m? qif? jrif;? ukefoGm;avS? a&TcGefawmf? aiGcGefawmf? xm;cGef? vSHcGefrSpí0ef? 0if;rSL;? tcsKyfpma&;MuD;? a&SU½kHrf;? aemuf½Hkrf;? 0if;rSL;? wcg;rSL;? t0ef;i,fom;? um? vTm;? 'dkif;? av;? aoéwf? tajrmuf? tdrfpMum5yGifh? aqmiful;? aqmifuyf? wef;vsm;? avsmif;awmfOD;? '0,f vuf0Jvuf,m? y&dwfawmemquf? a&SYyGJwufaqmif? aemufyGJwufaqmif? 0if;½Hkrf;? rm&bifwGif;0,f (puf) ap&rnf/ 0if;jrif;uyf txufem;udk ydwkefrydwfapESifh? uyfjypfpDap/ tdrfa&SUawmf&m eef;jrdKUawmf aemufajrmufwGif taemufyg;,yfodkU ,Gef;ap/ 185 9 November 1605 tdrfa&SUa0g? usdKif;a&Tcsuf 4? vkvifpnf 2? a&SUwufaemufwuf? pm;awmfuGrf;a&udkif? twifawmfESifh taqmifeDpausm? 0if;ywfvnf? jyifu aumif;[efwdkUudk wef;ESifhapmifhap/ ta&SUqdkifonfh trSKxrf;wdkUudk taemufodkU raygufra&mufapESifh/ taemufqdkifonfh trSKxrf;wdkUudk ta&SUodkU rul;roef; apESifh/ a&SUaqmifjrJwdkUudk taemufodkU rul;roef;apESifh/ ta&SUwHcg;u 0ifxGufap/ aemufaqmifjrJwdkUudk taemufu0ifxGufap/ rif;udkvkyfawmf tysdKawmf vufyg;apwdkUudk jyifvGifrdbtdrfrSm omrI romrI xGufygrnf oHawmfOD;wifvQif/ aemufwHcg;rSL; t0ef;i,fomwdkUudk aMu;tcsdef 50d/ rdef;rpdk;udk &ufeDykqdk; 1ay;rSxGufap/ 0ifaomtcgvQif OD;acgif;aq;avQmfí 0ifap&rnf/ aZ,sausmfolaoGmH? aumfa,mf&EÅrdwfaoGmH? ty,om,aoGmH? rSL;om;rwfom;MuD;pk? rl;vwfrwfvwfpk? awmifilvlysdKpk? pma&;pmcsDpk? a&SUawmfajy;rSL;ESifh i,fom;? awmif 1 &Gmpm;aoGmH? aomfuwdkaoGmH? qifuJwdkU aoGmH? aumfa,mf&EÅrdwfaoGmH? ty,omaoGmH? pGefUpm;oli,fawmfrSL;aoGmH? twGif;a&;rSL;aoGmH? wk&ifa0&aoGmH? a'0ol&aoGmH? ewfpuf&efatmifrSL;aoGmH? ausmfbuf&efpifrSL;aoGmH? racgufpm;aoGmH? ra&Smufpm;aoGmH? vSnf;ukwfpm; aoGmH? vufrnf;pm;aoGmH? uRef;awmfpm;aoGmH? a0vkom&aoGmH? jrdKif&GmaoGmH? wefUusnfpm;aoGmH? aygufawmpm;aoGmH? uydkifpm;aoGmH? uRJwufpm;aoGmH? rif;om;oD[&Jausmfvkpk? oD&daZ,ausmfxifvlpk? vif;pif;jrif;pk? '0,fjrif;pk? ul;cef;jrif;pk? vkrfaygjrif;pk? &rnf;oif;ysOfysm;jrif;em; a&TcGefonf aigcGefonf aMumvlpk? r*fvmusDpdk;? pma&;MuD;om;qm;wdkufiydwdkuf? v,f,moa&wdkuf? wefwm;OD;tdrfa&SUawmfyg r*fvmuGrf;jcH? awmifbufo&ufydEéJ? O,nf? ppfudkif; ydEéJOD,nf? toHk;cH'DyJ,if;jrdKU? &wemwif;wdrfjrdKU? pajrmifaoGmHMuD;? wif;wdrf&HrSL;? qDrD;xGef;rSL;rSpí ynmonf pma&;MuD;aoGmHMuD;obifpma&;? aemuf0efpma&;ESifh pD&ifeufwGif w0uftpk 20 tyfawmfrlonf/ igcrnf;awmf toQifb0&Sif rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; trSKawmfukefwGifatmif 186 9 November 1605 xrf;/ avSmfum;a&TpufuGrf;jynfh? avSmfolabmif;0ef;ESifh? atmif;jzL 5yGifh avSmfum; rdyJhyDwl&aemifvkyfap/ 0efwdkUu tdrfa&SU0efwdkUudk ac:íjyef&onf/ ouú&mZf 967ck ewfawmfvqef; 10&ufaeU (9 November 1605) ajymhrSL;MuD;vTwfwGifjyef/ (rsdK;Munfh 1944) 187 17 December 1605 r[moD&daZ,ocf,m? r[moD&daZ,ausmfxifwdkUudk aygif;oif;uspf 3rsufESm pvG,fbGwfjrD;7oG,f? wvJudk;0ef;? avSmfum;y&dwfjcnf 3qifh? oif;uspfygcif w,iftrTef;ajymufxk? [if;&rf;blwyf? [if;oywm;okwf? rdk;eDatmif; 5yGifh? usdKif;qifpG,fcsufjynfh? pD;qif 1? ,ifomrm? jrif;uMudK;a&T (u?a&T)atmif; aemufxyf? a&TaycarmH? xm;tdyfvGwfa&SUaqmif oHywf 9wefU ywåjrm;pD? ykw&ufoD; a&TuGufywåjrm;pD? aea&mifxD;a&Ttcsuft½dk;teDMuHqpfyGwf a&Tanmif&Guf3qifh oem;awmfrlonf/ tnmAarmfodkUcsDawmfrlonfwGif jyefonfhtrdefUawmf/ 967ck jymodkvjynfhausmf 4&ufaeU (17 December 1605) csDawmfrlonf/ (rsdK;Munfh 1944) 188 23 June 1607 bkef;awmftvGefMuD;jrwfawmfrlvSaom toQifb0&Sif rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; trdefUawmf&Sdonf/ a&SU0if;rSL; eE´a,mwm? aemuf0if;rSL; &mZa,mwm? vuf,m0if;rSL; oD&da,mwm? vuf0J0if;rSL; Ava,mwmwdkUrSm w0if;pD jzpfonf/ 0if;awmf 1wGif 'dkif;om;? 0if;om;? a&Tav;? aoewf? a&Tum? a&T'dkif;? a&TvSH? um? vTm;? ouú'gef tpkpk OD;a& 50ausmfpD&Sdonf/ trSLxrf;&vl apawmfrl&ef vltapmifhtaetvSLuHauR;awmfcH vlaygif;wdkifrSwf ESKwfvl? 0efawmfydkif? 0efawmfo,fvl? avScyfvl? tpktief;wGif rnfrQ&Sdonf/ oifykwf awmfxkwfvl? taemufyGJawmfudkif vlrnfrQ&Sdonfenf;/ usm;MuD; usm;i,f ri,f? &[ef;? yOöif;? owif;oHk;? tdk0frpGef? rif;urefa&SmifvlwdkUonf 0if;awmf w&yfwGif ta&twGufrnfrQ pm&if;ustif;us &Sdonfvnf; ppfausmí oHawmf OD;wif/ ouú&mZf 969ck yXr0gqdk0fväef; 10&ufaeU (23 June 1607)wGif 0if;rSL; 4a,mufwdkUudkjyH trdefUawmf./ (rsdK;Munfh 1944) 189 23 June 1607 bkef;awmftvGefMuD;jrwfawmfrlvSaom toQifb0&Sif rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; trdefUawmf&Sdonf/ a&Tb0g;awmfatmufwGif trIonfwdkU vÇufOD;uGH;OD; yEémum±&vdkí acgif;&yfa&SUaejyKí vdkufqdkolwdkUrSm crnf;awmfbk&m; vufxuf tmPmxm;awmfrlonfhtwdkif; aAgif;cRef; aygif;í tdyfwvHk;? cGufwvHk;? &yf½dk;0gudkifívdkufap/ qdkap/ a&SUaeac:olwdkUu ajc (rsdK;Munfh 1944) 190 23 June 1607 vTwf½Hk;rSpí a&Teef;awmfywfvnf0efpk&? 0efpkr&? rl;rwft&m&Sd? pma&;? pmcsDwdkUrSpí jrdKUolMuD;? jrdKUudkif? pcsDpjrifwdkUa&SU trSLonf 2a,mHusonf w&m;rSKpum;rSKwdkUü crnf;awmfbk&m; aemifawmfbk&m;vufxufawmfuonf ,ckv¬ufawmfwdkif pD&ifMuonf cHkorwfwdkU aumH,lonfh t&mrsm;0,f? jrdKUü aeaomw&m;olMuD;? (rif;)wdkUu xm;aomw&m;olMuD;? trSKonf2OD; cGifhjyKaom w&m;olMuD;? rif;w&m;olMuD;? jrdKU&GmüpD&ifaomw&m;olMuD;? oDvowif;&Sdaom w&m;olMuD;? om,maompum;udk qdkwwfaom w&m; olMuD;? trSKonf2OD;pnf;vJonfudk wyfodvdr®maom w&m;olMuD;? trSKüwGif aomw&m;olMuD;? ykPÖm;w&m;olMuD;? þodkUw&m;olMuD; 10a,mHwdkUa&SU trSK onf2bufwdkU\ pum;udk vS,fy,fí w&m;&Sd&m? >rufqdkwwfaom a&SUaei,f wdkUonf pum;a[mif;ü a&ul;nmwif? aumufyif&dwfvSnf;? a&onf abmifqef? tdk;wefqefcwf? qnfyGwfusnfayGU? qifa0SU&efa&Smif? awmifol,m ckwf? MuufqkwfcGyfjypf? a&ppfc,m;? a&om;oJwif? xufwifarmif;eif;? qdkjcif;pum;? q,fyg;jym;aom qdk½dk;xHk;pH Oya'xif&Sm; &Sdonfhtwdkif;rqdk? odkUaMu;aiGyEémum&udkiJhí w&m;pum;r&SdonfudkESpfvHk;ydkufí w&m;pum; wdkUudk vTJy,fí qdkonfhtaMumif;udk a&Tem;awmfjrwfMum;awmfrlonf/ a&SUpum;a[mif;twdkif;om [kwfrSwfonftrSKwdkUudkqdkap? 0efwdkUjrpfwm;&rnf jrpfwm;onfudk rwnf&/ qdkjrJqdkjyefvQif qdkola&SUaei,fwdkUudk tcsuf 100½dkuf/ aemufrqifcsifa&S;enf;qdkjyefvQif Edkifrnfol½SHK;? ½SHK;rnfholEdkif? csKyfEkwfí tu©&mrus? w&m;r0ifonfht&mrsm;udk a&SUaejcif;jzpfap? tcsm;u jzpfap Mum;odí rpfwm;aomfvnf;rEdkif? pdwfMudKufqdkjcifwdkif; qdkjyef&vQif 0efwdkUESpfcGef;qdk&rnfrrSwfESifh? qdkonf2bufa&SUaei,fwdkUudk a0;pGmaom t&yfodkUydkU&rnf/ ouú&mZf 969ck yXr0gqdkvqef;10&ufaeU (23 June 1607) vTwfawmfwGif em;cHawmfpajrmifrSL;jyeftrdefUawmf/ (rsdK;Munfh 1944) 191 23 June 1607 obifawmf tpktrSKxrf;wdkUrSm rnfonfhtpkrqdk tdrfoifhí arG;jriforQom; a,musfm;wdkUudk uReftrSKrSmxrf;ap/ rdef;rjrifvQif t&Sifrdbk&m;pDwD;rSmxrf;ap? axmifcsifrSpí 9pkom;wdkUrSm rdvdkufbygjzpfap/ 9pkom;wdkUESifh iom;awmf ajr;jrpfawmfoGm;(vm)&mwGif arG;jrifonfhom;orD;wdkUudk rif;nDrif;om;aqGpdk; rsdK;rqdkapESifh/ obifawmfwdkUomygap/ obifawmfpk r[kwfonfudk0ifxGuf ul;oef;í rxrf;apESifh/ qdkif&muESKwfap/ iifap/ obifawmfpk 9pkom; t0ifawmfjzpfvsuf jrifh&mwufí xrf;&Gufonf/ rxrf;&GufapESifh/ obifawmf pk9pkrSmomxrf;ap/ igtoQifb0&Sif rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m;om oem;awmfrlí obifawmfpk 9pkom;wdkUudk Ekwfawmfrlonfh trdefUygaomfvnf; jrifh&modkU wufí rxrf;apESifh/ tpk&if;rSmomxrf;ap/ ouú&mZf 969ck yXr0gqdkvqef;10&ufaeU (23 June 1607) vTwfawmfwGif em;cHawmf pajrmifrSL;jyef trdefUawmf/ (rsdK;Munfh? yk? 617) (rsdK;Munfh 1944) 192 (23 June 1607) bkef;awmftvGefMuD;jrwfawmfrlvSaom toQifb0&Sif rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; trdefUawmf&Sdonf/ w&m;olMuD;wdkU w&m;qdkrnf[lí w&m;olMuD;odkU a&mHvm\/ a&mHvmol 2bufudkom trSefjyefap/ ppfaMumí qHk;jzwfxGuf &Sdonf/ odkUqHk;jzwfrSvnf; EdkifrnftaMumif; ½SHK;rnfhtaMumif;t&m odjyD;vQif oufaoMum;ol jrifolwdkifwnfapí "r®owf0,fqdkonf/ qdkonftwdkif; ESdKif;csdefaxmHxm;í pifMu,faom oufao&vQif *wdu0wfjyKapí oufao pum;jzifh qHk;jzwfvQif t½SHK;tEdkifjyD;jywfawmhonf/ w&m;wHqmp&dwfpum; tavsmftjyefodkU onfudkvnf; "r®owf(b,fodkU)qdk\/ odkUqdkjyD;rSvnf; umva'oudk axmHqdkjyef\/ ,ckrif;wdkUqifonfrlum;uGHbdk;&atmif? w&m; olMuD;pm;&atmif[líom trSKtifudk pum;aMumif;ESifh raxmHpD&ifonf/ jynfol&Gmom;wdkUonf tbdk;xufvu©MuD;onf qdkocJhodkUom&SdMuonf/ waMumif;vnf; trSKonf2bufom;udk trSKjzpfaMumif;udk trSefod&atmif ESdKufeJí qHk;jzwf&xGufom&Sdonfudk a&SUae[lí pum;udkcsJUí pGyfí ESdrfí jr§ifhí bkef;0Sufí a&SUaeonfw&m;olMuD;wdkU\ ESpfvHk;tqkwfudk bkwfuifí pm;ouJhodkU a&SUaejyKonf r[kwfavm/ onfudkrQw&m;olMuD;wdkU ESpfvHk;oGif; onfrlíavm/ a&SUaeqdkxGufrlum;? awmifolvifum? t½SHK;tpyGJjyif rjynfhyg/ qdkaMumif;&Sdvsuf rqdkygwwf/ olttdrfrufrjyefwyfouJhodkU? odkUonftrSK onfrsdK;udkom rSefwdkif;pDvsnf;íqdkygrnf/ olESifhrSqdkygEdkifrnfhtaMumif;/ a&SUae&rnfwrHkU/ trSKonfqdkwdkif;yif a&SUaeESifh qdkxGuf&Sdonfavm/ waMumif;vnf; a&SUaeaumif;onf "r®owfudk ESpfvHk;oGif;í ½SHK;ppfEdkifppfudk od\/ ½SHK;olyifaomfac: rvmaomfvQif qif;&Jom;wdkU ayghavsmhygatmifiHhí ae\/ (½SHK;)aMumif;ay;í t½SHK;ay;vQif qif;&Jom; udpöayghavsmhygatmif w&m;olMuD;udkvJqdk awmif;yef\/ odkUodjrifonfh a&SUaeaom a&SUaeqdk&onf/ w&m;olMuD;wdkUvnf; t[kwftrSefudk od&onf/ &if;odkUr[kwfonfh a&SUaeonfomoemawmf pD;yGm;jynfolvl&[ef; pD;yGm;wdkifatmifyifysufonf/ jynfv,fü xm;jywdkufaomf xifxifcdk;aomfqdkonf a&SUaersm;udk r[kwfavm/ a&SUaeESifhvmaomfrQw&m;olMuD;onf a&SUaeudk[efUí trSKonfudk trSefod& atmif ar;jref;í qHk;jzwf 193 (23 June 1607) &rnf/ onftrdefUawmfcGefudk w&m;olMuD;wdkUonf tjrJa&;í vufoHk; awmifa0S;udk;uG,f&mjyK/ onftrdefUawmfudk aZwyl&jyefí w&m;olMuD;wdkUodkUa&;tyfonf/ (rsdK;Munfh? yk? 617) 194 18 November 1607 a&ajr&SifavQmufonfq&mawmf/ auwkrwDjrdKUudk0fwumawmfvkyfusHonf/ ½kyf½kyf&uf&ufatmifawmfrrl? umvaES;cJhonf/ taMumif;&Sdonfudk trdefUawmf OD;xdyf&Gufcsifí a&vsHpm;v,fvSpm;wdkUudk 15&ufaeU auwkrwDjrdK0fodkU ta&muftmPmxm;í apvdkufonfhtaMumif;udk avQmufygonf q&mawmf/ ouú&mZf969ck ewfawmfvqef;10&ufaeU (18 November 1607) apawmfrlonf/ apolwdkUa&mufí jyó'fausmif;&mwGif bm;rJhq&mawmf aeawmfrlaom oufi,fausmif;odkUa&mufí avsmufonf/ b@dKifuxjyD;vQif rPdawmfuaxmufcsmudk cRwf,lí uvyfwGif csjyD;vQif Muoa&wdkufodkU0ifí aeonf/ rxGufjyD/ oHwdkUvnf; rdk;csKwf&DrS ausmif;uqif;í ysHavomf/ auwkrwDatmifwyfawmf eef;odkU0fa&mufí taMumif;udk &Sdcdk;oHawmfOD; wif&mwGif bm;rJhq&mawmf tvdkawmf&Sdawmfrlonfhtwdkif; pD(rH)&mwGif auwkrwDudk atmifawmfrlonf/ ouú&mZf 969ck ewfawmfvqef; 10&ufaeU (18 November 1607) awmifilwyfawmfuapawmfrlonfh trdefUawmfavsmufcsuf/ (rsdK;Munfh 1944? wufA[dk 45235) 195 18 April 1608 O½ktrnf&Sdaom xD;awmfum; xD;jzLawmf0 4F8H? a&TcsLanmif&Guf 190? oEÅmqdkif; 190? xD;tHkxD;csufudk0f e0&wfpD\/ xDwH 36? xD;½dk0f 2H F 2d? Ouif awmfvuf0Jvuf,mcHkESifh? pdkufrSbGifhonf/ O½kewfapmifh\/ a&TovGefawmf tvsm; 7F teF 7FwGif t½dk0f;rwwfbJ txufuqGJí rsufESmusufonf/ xD;um; ork'´&mZfrnf\/ a&TjcLanmif&Guf 5qifh? xD; 07F? a&TjcLanmif&Guf300? ykvJqdkif 300? ork'´&mZf ewfapmifh\/ MuiSef;xD;um; xD;0ef; 4F4H? a&TjcLanmif&Guf 200? oEÅmqdkif 200? uka0&ewfapmifh\/ ork'´ZmxD;um; xD;0 4F5H? a&TjcLanmif&Guf 200? jrqdkif; 200? ork'´Zm ewfapmifh\/ pE´xD;um; xD;0 4F5H? a&TjcLanmif&Guf 200? jrqdkif; 200? pE´ewfapmifh\/ ol&d,xD;um; xD;04F6H? a&TjcLanmif&Guf 200? ol&d,ewfapmifh\/ y'kr®xD;um; xD;04F6H? a&TjcLanmif&Guf 200? Oóbk&m;qdkif; 200? xD;vufxD;wHtpHk? xD;csufudk ywåjrm;tjynfhpD\/ orku©ewfapmifh\/ 0doMuHKxD;um;xD;0 4F7H? a&TjcLanmif&Guf 200? pdefqdkif; 200? jy,m qdkif; 200? xD;vufxD;wH enf;wl? xD;csufywåjrm; tjynfhpDonf/ 0doMuKH ewfapmifh\/ ueufuwHxD;um;xD;0 5F5H? a&TjcLanmif&Guf 500? ywåjrm;qdkif; 100? oEÅmqdkif; 100? ykvJqdkif; 100? a&:rdwfqdkif; 100? pdefqdkif; 100? jy,m;qdkif; 100? xD;tHkudk0f &wemtwdjyD;ap\/ xdk0fxD;2pif;onf xD;wumjrwfaomaMumifh xdkxD;wdk0fudk0f O*ifOD;xGifrif;ajrmuf wHqmig;yg; usif;í &Spfyg;ykPÖm;wdk0f vusfm&pfc½koif;ESifh bdodwfa&oGef;rS 196 18 April 1608 rif;tjzpfodkU a&mufonfjzpfí xD;wHxD;vuf 36? xD;½dk0f 5F2d? a&TypGef7wefU? ywåjrm;7&pfpDí xD;csufudk e0&wfpD\/ tcgawmfESifh csKyfvkyf&\/ xD;½dk;vHk;ywf 18vufr&Sd\/ csufudko[HywdjA[®m? C#d&jA[®mwdk0f apmifh\/ urÜKxD;um;xD;0 4F7H? a&TjcLanmif&Guf 3qifh? e0&wfudk0fyg;pD\/ pdkufaomcguewfuwHxD;enf;wl? ewf&umjzifh yGJaphrSpdkuf\/ xD;tHkum; a&Tpif 15 ojymuHk\/ 6ajr§mifhwnf;/ udk0fudk0f pdefaMumifpD\/ turÜKrnfaom ewfapmifh\/ *rÇm;xD;vnf;qdk0fuHk\/ ork'´&mZfxD;um; t½dk0frwwf&/ a&TovGefawmf (xufü) rsufESmMuuf aomcg txufuoHcsdwfjzifhqGJ\/ ueufuwefxD;udk O*ifvdkif eef;&mZyv’if a&SUwGif vuf0Jvuf,mxDcHkESifh pdkufíbGifh\/ 8pif;aom xD;jzLudk0f vuf0J 4pif;? vuf,m 4pif;pdkuf\/ t½dk0fwwforQ xD;wdk0fudk0fum; xD;½dk; 5F5HpDjyKtyf\/ ork'´&mZfxDljzifh rsufESmMuufíxm;aom a&TovGefawmfum; tvsm; 7F teH 7F tajcajcmufacsmif;? a&Ttwdxnfh\/ a&Teef;awmfü xD;eef;cg tema&; 100 a&Ty'kr®myGifhcsyf 100vkyfaom raemvifyef;? xrif;tjrdK0f tjynfhjyifonf? a&TcGuf 100? aiGcGuf 100/ a&TMuufjcrf;? aiGMuufjcrf;? a&TMuufO? aiGMuufO? a&TigMuif;? aiGigMuif;? aiGMuufjcif;? a&TMuufO? aiGMuufO? a&TigMuif;? aiGigMuif;? a&TypGefxkyf? aiGypGefxkyf? a&TrHkUvsuf? aiGrHkUvsufwdk0fjzifh yGJawmfjyif í a&SUawmfü wnfownf;/ O*ifzGifhoaeUpD&ifawmfrl\/ rif;udkcsnfjypfonfum; oD[dkVfuRef;odkU0f oD[Am[k rif;\om; 0dZ,rif;ul;aomcg okZHywduyÜuewfudk0fapí &[ef;toGifjy&onf/ bDvl;ab;udk jrif&mwGif 0dZ,rif;vnfü qifaom 108jr§ifudk0f rif;udk0fcsnf t&H 700wdk0fa&Smifü pGwfaomcsnfuGif;udk y&dwfcsnforkwfonfrSpí rif;udk0f csnfy&dwfcsnf jzpfownf;/ r[m0dZrif;oD[dkVfodkU ul;onfum; ouú&mZf 148ck uqHkvjynhfausmf 3&ufaeU oHk;vltxG#f oAÁnKbk&m;ocif y&dedAÁmef 0ifrnftifMuif; 2 197 18 April 1608 yif\tMum; ajrmufodkU0fOau©mif;xm;aom ukódE´m½Hkausmif;awmfü y&dedAÁmef 0ifrnf Oau©mif;awmfcsaom tcsdef y&dedAÁmef 0ifawmfrlonfESifh jydKifí 0dZ,rif; oD[dkVfuRef;udk t&H 700wdk0fjzifh opfwHk;pD;í ul;\/ oD[dkVfuarG; bGm;aom &[EÅm&Sif t&[Honf oxHkjynfodkU0f a&muf\/oD[dkVfomoem oxHkodkU0fa&mufonfum; yxromoemwnf;/ oxHkuykuHodkU0f&Sift&[Ha&mufonfum; 'kwd,a&mufaom omoem wnf;/ Zif;r,fu&[EÅmaomEkwå&? Ow&wdk0ftEG,f oxHkjrdK0f&Sif jAme'oD wdk0f ocifjrwfwdk0ftEG,f '*kPf&Sif r[mov 4F tEG,f&Sif Owå&mZd0 onf&wemyl& e&ywdMuD; vufxuf yk*Hodk0fa&mufonf/ &Sifwmrvdwå tmeE´&m[kvm t&d,m0Ho e&ywdvufxuf yk*Hodk0f a&mufonf/ [Hom0wD&mrm"dywd vufxuf uvsmPDodrforkwfonfh q&mudk0f oD[dkujynfpHkrif;w&m;om;rif; &JausmfpGmvufxuf oD[dku r[m0d[m& tEG,f o'¨rpm&DjynfjrdK0fa&mufonf/ 4FwdkU0fq&mwdk0f tEG,f wdyd#umvufm& &wemyl&a&T0jrdK0fMuD;odk0fa&mufonfrSm anmif&rf;rif;om;awmf r[m"r®&mZm rif;w&m;MuD;vufxufjzpf\/ [Hom0wDodk0f &SiftEk½k'¨g? &Sifte'¨"Z? &Sift&d,mvufm&? wdyd#um&vufm& q&mawmf4yg;wdkudk0fyifhí [Hom0wD odkU pHkawmfrlonf/ ouú&mZf 970 uqHkvjynfhaeU (18 April 1608) a&mufonf/ wdyd#umvufm&/ (rsdK;Munfh 98? 171? 7^ayESifh 1944? wufA[dk 45235) 198 November 1610 a&ajr&SifavQmufonf q&mawmf/ w&d,*f'Dy[laom oHvQifjrdKUudk wumawmf vkyfMuHonf/ &uf&ufatmifawmfrrl/ (t)aMumif; (rnfodkU)&Sd(rnf) udk0f odawmfrlvdkí yifwum pm;wdkUudk tjyeftoGm;wvESifh a&mufap tmPmxm;í apvdkufonf/ odawmfrlomatmif rdefUygq&mawmf/ ouú&mZf 972ck eawmfv (November 1610)t0a&TjrdK0fawmfodk0f apawmfrlonf/ q&mawmfuvnf; rOfodkUrQrqdk? ouFef;1pHkoydwfwpHkt½dk0f wacsmif;rD;pGJxif; 1FcefUwdkUudk0f ay;tyfvdkufonf/ a&mufvQif tvHk;pHkudk jrifawmfrl&mwGif ausmif;uRHbk&m;uRH t½dk0faumufwdkU0frS qif;oufool? okb&mZmvkifwdkUrS qif;oufoolwdkUudk a&G;ESKwfí ae&yfodkU ae&yfodkUjyefap onf/ oefUjyefUonfhuRHawmfrsdK0fwdkUESifh wdkufvSHvkwfMuHawmfrl&mwGif oHvQifjrdKUudk atmifawmfrlonf/ ouú&mZf 972ck ewfawmfv(November 1610) oHvsifuapawmf rlonfhtrdefUawmfESifhavsmufcsuf/ (rsdK;Munfh 1944? wufA[dk 45235) 199 22 November 1628 bkef;awmftvGefMuD;jrwfawmfrlvSaom toQifb0&Sif rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; trdefUawmf&Sdonf/ ouú&mZf 990 ewfawmfvqef; 7&ufaeU (22 November 1628) pnfcHkapwDawmfwGif "gwf4&yf tcif;tusif;udk pD&ifawmfrlonf/ pum;OvSrJrsdK0fwdkUudk obifay;onf/ orefw&mZf apwDywfvnfw&maom xD;aqmif;rif;wdkU0fudk0f &nfí xD;w&mpdkuf&rnf/ bl;w&mwnfí aopmjzifh ewfobifcHonf/ tESdyftuGyf ,w&mtif;a&;rD;wdkifxGef;n§donf/ wapäzkwf jydwftmv0u&u©wdkUtm; om;>yrf;pdrf;aumfxnfhauR;onf/ AefarmfodkU csDawmf rlrnftpD&ifü atmifwyfawmfeef;ü ygy"gwftaemufpl;pl;wGif wHaqmif; aqmufí wHcg;4rsufESmxm;onf/ taemufwHcg;0ü &mZrSwfwGif;u pnfpdrf qifaygufawmfudk0f taemufodkU0f OD;uif;xm;í csnfonf/ &J&mefudkcRef;pGJapí OD;pD;&onf/ &mZrSwfjyifu a&T&nfrnfaom qifrudk0fOD;uif;taemufodkUxm;í csnfonf/ pHnHGUudk cRef;pGJapí OD;pD;wifonf/ &mZrSwfwGif;u oD[olrnfaom qifudk0ftaemufodkU0f OD;uif;xm;í csnfonf/ a&T&udk0f cRef;pGJapí OD;pD;wif onf/ &mZrSwfjyifus eE´rnfaomqifudk0f taemufodkU OD;uif;xm;í csnfonf/ pHndKudk0fcRH;pGJapí OD;pD;wifonf/ tajrmuf2aoewf 22 um 22vTm 22'dkif;? 22vSH 22xm; 22 av; 22atmifpnf 2atmifarmif; 2atmifwydk; 2atmifvH 2[efpnf[efarmif; tpHkaemuf0if;awmfu aumif[ef 22 'dkif;rSL; 2pMuD; 2wdkUudk cefUxm;í cif;usif;onf/ wHaqmif;wGif jrLwmtdk;oajynGHUpdkuf 5vHk;wcGH MuufvQmjzL 19tif; a&;rD;cGufrD;pm refwefqDza,mif; a&Twdkif aiGwdkif tif;a& orm;awmf 2? yHk&nfMuufr[mukvmumMuD;ESifh ref"mefawmf 2? tif;a& 2? yef;wdrf 2? aMu;eD 1 om? ausmufqyf 2? ausmufzsm 2 aq;'gef;[if;oywm; puúLrSif oif;wGJ tpHkyef;csD 2? u0g2? yHyk 2? yHyGwf2? a&Tqdkif;a&Torm; tMuyftr 0if;rSL; 1? 0if;pma&; 2wdkUudk0f cefUxm;awmfrlonf/ atmifwyfawmfcswdkif;pD&if/ ynm&Sd 1? ykPÖm; 2wdkUudk0f cefUawmfrlonf/ 200 22 November 1628 ok&pö"gwfta&SUpl;pl;wHaqmif;ü &mZrSwfwGif;u OaMom[laom qifaygufudk ta&SUOD;uif;xm;í csnfonf/ eE´udk0fcRef;pGJí OD;pD;wifonf/ jyifuwdk;wufrnfaom qifrudk ta&SUodk0fOD;uif;xm;í csnfonf/ tiftm;rnfaom vludk0f cRef;pGJapí OD;pD;wifonf/ &mZrSwfwGif;u jrwfbkef;rnfaomqifaygufudk &atmifrnfaom vludkcRef;pGJapí OD;pD;wif onf/ &ef&J[laom qifrudk0fjyifu ta&SUodkU0fOD;uif;xm;ícsnfonf/ jrwfbHk;udk0fcRef;pGJapí OD;pD;wifonf/ tpD&ifenf;wlaumif;[ef 12? tjrdwå"gwf&mZrSwfwGif;uvuf,m[kaom qifaygufudk0f ajrmufodkU0f OD;uif; xm;í csnfonf/ oD[udk0f cRef;pGJapí OD;pD;wifonf/ jyifuoufom[laom qifrudk0fajrmufodkU OD;uif;xm;í csnfonf/ vuf0Jrnfaomoludk cRef;pGJapí OD;pD;wifonf/ pHnGHU[laom qifrudk0fajrmufodkU0f OD;uif;xm;í csnfonf/ v0udk0fcRef;pGJapí OD;pD;wifonf/ twGif;uausmfaumif;[laom qifaygufudk0f ajrmufodkU0f OD;uif;xm;í csnfonf/ pHnGHUudk cRef;pGJapí OD;pD;wifonf/ aumif;[ef 15 a&SUenf;wl/ aumvD"gwf&mZrSwfwGif;u ausmfacgif[laom qifaygufudk0f awmifodkU0f OD;uif;xm;í csnfonf/ jrwfbHk;udk0f cRef;pGJapí OD;pD;wifonf/ jrwfawmf[laom qifrudk0fjyifuawmifodkU0f OD;uif;xm;í csnfonf/ ausmufcJudk0f cRef;pGJapí OD;pD;wifonf/ jyifuaygufyef;[laom qifrudk0fawmifodkU0f OD;uif;xm;ícsnfonf/ ausmfacgifudk0f cRef;pGJapí OD;pD;wifonf/ OMo[laom qifrudk0fawmifodkU0f OD;uif;xm;í csnfonf/ vuf0J[laomvludk0f cRef;pGJapí OD;pD;wifonf/ v0[laomqifaygufudk0f twGif;u awmifodkU0f OD;uif;xm;ícsnfonf/ OD;abmif;udkcRef;pGJapí OD;pD;wif onf/ a&Senf;wlaumif;[ef 30/ atmifwyfawmf eef;ywfvnfwGif wHcg;4&yfü twGif;"mwftjyif"gwfudk pD&ifonf/ ppfobif&Tifjcif;üjzpf? rdwfeHryg/ "gwfeHoufoufudk0f bm;rJhtrnf&Sdaom jyó'fausmif;r[m&wemjrwfbHkomü y&r[m&mZ*k½krGHq&mawmf tpDt&if/ taemufwHaqmif;ü w½kwfwvdkif;twD;tuobif? ta&SUwHaqmif; 201 22 November 1628 ü >*ef;ukvm;twD;tuywfobif? ajrmufwHaqmif;üuonf; &Srf;twD;tu ygwfobif? awmifjrefrmMuD;twD;tu ywfobif? þodkU0f &Spf&yfaom "mwfbdk "mwfr"mwful; "mwfqufwdkUudk0faeU eHqdkifoifh&m trnfay;í pD&ifawmfrlaom pum;jyD;\/ ouú&mZf 990 ewfawmfvqef;7&ufaeU (22 November 1628) jyef trdefUawmf/ (rsdK;Munfh 1944? wufA[dk 45235) 202 10 April 1630 ouú&mZf 991ck jymodkvjynfhausmf 4&ufaeU [Hom0wD ouúrwJawmfeef;pHí oD&dok"r®&mZm "dywdwHqdyfawmfcHonf/ a&S;rif;om; rif;qufrif;EG,fwdkUonf wdrfjrKwfí rxif&Sm;onfrsm;udk ESKwfiifawmfrlí 40awmfzGJUonf/ 40awmf wyfom;rsm;udk 50awmfzGJUonf/ yef;,qifjzLig;pD;&Sif zGJUawmfrlonfhtwdkif; wGif xyfzGJUawmfrlonfh rif;MuD;pGmapmfuJ yxrrif;acgifrdk;n§if;rif;w&m; anmif&rf;rif;w&m; &mZrPdplVmbk&m; 'g,umawmfv¬uf a&S;zGJUawmfrlonfh twdkif;wGif xyfí aoGmufpkjrif;pk aoéwftajrmuf'dkif;0if; udk,f&H a&TvSH a&Tav; avSoif; axmifoif; awmifbufjrif; ajrmufbufjrif; vTm;um qifxdef;jrif;cHjrdKUwHcg;t0ef;i,fom; eef;jrdKUwHcg; 0if;om;wHcg;eDt0ef; i,fom; aemufwHcg; pajrmifwk&if bGm;bufausmf 'dkif;awmfol&Jausmf aoéwftajrmuf ouú'gef axmifwef; ol&J 5pk a&Tyef;yef 1pk wyfaumif[ef &Sifaxma&T&Sifaxmav jAJ&Sifaxm pma&;pk pcsDpk wdkufom;usDom; axmifusif; em&Dapmifh A[dkacgif;avmif; pnfwD;jAJwdkufapmifh oufawmfapmifh jyó'fawmf apmifh ajreef;awmfapmifh wjrufvSnf;ae&mawmfcif; a0gawmfom; a0gyvmom;usdKif;awmfpGJ xD;jzLawmfudkif ,rm;awmfudkif pm;awmfuGrf; a&awmfudkif aqmifeDawmfpD;awmfqifrSL; pD;awmfjrif;rSL; vTwfawmfapmifh ½Hk;awmfapmifh vTwfap ½Hk;ap axmiftmPmvufra&SmifaxmifrSL; t0Sef;i,fom; vufom; axmifoHk;wef;om;wyfaumif;[efrSpí tpkpk trSKxrf;wdkUudk xyfí zGJUawmfrlonf/ a&Twdkufawmfpm&if; usm;MuD; rMuD; usm;i,f ri,f &SifyOöif; owif;oHk;tdkrpGrf; ajy;a&SmifuRefjypfrSefjyí yk&ydkufpm&if;xrf;&Gufpm&if;awmf oGif;&onfht&mrsm;udk qdk&mqdkaMumif; pum;jyD;\/ ouú&mZf 992ck uqkefvqef; 10&ufaeU (10 April 1630) em;cHajymhMuD;rSL;jyef/ (wufA[dk 45235) 203 (10 April) 1630 ouú&mZf 992ck(1630) [Hom0wDrSm ouúrwJawmfwGif owdk0f"r®&mZm a&Teef;wufí &mZbdaoucHawmfrl&mwGif rif;aygifrif;vufom;ajr;wdk0fudk0f 40awmf 50awmfwGif bGJUawmfrlonf/ txufyef;,qifjzL5pD;&SifbGJUonfh jrif;aoGmuf? &wemyl&wGif rif;MuD;pGmapmfuJ yxrrif;acgifrdk0fn§if;rif;w&m;crnf;awmf anmif&rf;rif;wGif bGJUawmfrlonfh jyifpnfjrif;pk? tdrfa&SUawmfygjrif;pk? eef;pnfaoGmufpk? tdrfa&SU awmfygaoGmufpk? tjrdK0fjrdK0ft&Gm&Gm tonfwdkifbufwdkUudk0f tpka&;tcsKyf tudkifcefUxm;í vTwfawmfwGif t&if;ppfaq;í toD;toD;'dkif;0if;udk,f&H tajrmufaoewfavSoif;vTmum&Srf;aumif[efav; qifjrif;tpkvlwdkUudk0f topfpD&ifrnfwGif a&SUpm&if;awmfa[mif; twdkif;usm;MuD;rMuD;usm;i,f ri,f pm&if;awmfudk0fxrf;&Gufwifí a&TwdkufawmfwGif oGif;&rnf/ taemuf0efpD&ifpk oli,fawmfom;wdkUudk0fvnf; ajray;csawmfrlonf/ ouú&mZf 726ck waygif; vqef;7&uf3aeU owdk;rif;zsm; &wemyl&jrdKudkwnfaxmif jyKpk&mwGif vljydK0f 100 aMu;eDjym;tif; teHtvsm; pwk&ef; 22dwGif ocsFm 241udk0f atmufuGuf aotif;csapí tif;OD;a&TjrdK0fawmfodkU0f csOf;nGwfapvsuf 100aom anmifudkif; 2wmcsm;apí pdkuf&aomcg orm;awmfwdkU0fu r[muvmumMuD; refwefawmf r[mrm&ZdefMuD;refwefawmfudk0f ref;apí ewf,rumyGJcif;ESD;tpHkwOfxm;usif; yapí rG,fjyD;vQif ta&SUtaemufyxranmif2yifpí pdkuf&onf/ rEÅmrEÅef ref;rSKwfí aq;0g;jzef;yuf&onfuJhodkY0f anmif2yifpD 2wmcsm;axmifjynfhtif; csípdkuf&onf/ tapmifhewfo®D;ewfom;waqmif;wGif bl;waumif;wif&onf/ iydwef;vufzufwef;rSpí wef;[lorQESifh t&yftuGufwGif ewfuGef;aqmuf apí tif;,w&m&mefESdyf&mefjydK0f&mefESdrfrefESdrfESHxm;pD&ifawmfrlonf/ (rsdK;Munfh 1944 wufA[dk 45235) 204 12 November 1630 bkef;awmftvGefMuD;jrwfawmfrlvSaom toQifb0&Sifrif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; trdefUawmf&Sdonf/ bdk0fawmfbk&m;v¬ufudk,fvkyfawmfwGif arG;jrifonfh om;orD;? tysdK0fawmfwGif arG;jrifonfh om;o®D;? aemifawmfbk&m;v¬uf udk,fvkyfawmf tysdKawmfwdkUwGif arG;jrifonfhom;orD;wdkUrSm trduGJjym;vQif aeap/ rif;om;ESifh rif;orD;wdkUudk pHkbufawmfrlvQif tvSrf;yGm;&mwGif om;rsufESm o®D;rsufESmudkaxmufí oabma&mufí aeusorQ vufqHkpm;tm; &Sdonfrqdk0fapESifh? vufqHkpm;ap/ awmifilrif;om;rif;ajr;½dk0f? yk*Hrif;om;rif;ajr;½dk0f? oa&acwå&m rif;om;rif;ajr;½dk0f?Zif;r,f rkwår yodrf ajrmif;jr yJulrif;om;rif;ajr;½dk0fwdkUrSm vnf; trduGJjym;vQifoifhaeap/ om;o®D;arG;jrifonfjzpfap rarG;jrifonf jzpfap?vufqHkpm;ap? bdk0fawmfbk&m; crnf;awmfbk&m; aemifawmfbk&m; tquftEG,fawmfrif;om;rif;o®D;wdkUESifh yk*Hoa&acwå&m auwkrwDpaom rif;om;rif;½dk0f rif;o®D;½dk0fwdkUESifh oabma&mufí oifhaevQif cspfMunfapwem rQvQif vufpHkpm;oifh\/ rif;om;rif;orD;wdkU\ pdwfrSmomyXmejzpfonf/ pm;aprqdk0fom? tavsmufpm;vdk0fvQif pm;ap? xdk0frif;om;wdkU0fonf rif;OD; rif;vGifarG;jrifonf aoGmufpkjrif;pkwdkUwGif arG;jriforQ rif;om; rif;o®D;wdkUudk0f rif;om;rif;o®D;rjzpfapESifh/ 40awmfrSmxrf;ap/ 40awmfom;ajr;wdkU0fudk0f 50awmfrSmxrf;ap/ oQifrdbk&m;bdk;pHkbGm;pHk tquftEG,fwdkUudk0f &SifaxG;wdk0f aoGmuf&SifusdKif;wdk0f aoGmufrSmxrf;ap/ &mZ*kPÖaoGmuf? eE´oD&daoGmuf? a0vkokE´&aoGmuf? eE´pnfolaoGmuf? rsdK0fxifwdkaoGmuf? &r®oD&daoGmuf? [efjynfAdkvfrSL;aoGmuf? wufvl&efatmif rSl;aoGmuf? eE´rdwfaoGmuf? pkuúaw;aoGmuf? aZ,saoGmuf? a0gMuD;rSL;aersdK0f bHkausmfwdk0faoGmuf? aZ,sausmfxifaoGmuf? vuf0Jausmfol 205 12 November 1630 aoGmuf? O'defom&aoGmuf? &Ja0grSL;aoGmuf? (wk&ifuol)wdkU0f aoGmuf? oDxHkpm;aoGmuf? uGHtHkpm;aoGmuf? v,ftdk0fpm;aoGmuf? rif;vSed½kyfpm;wdk0f aoGmuf? rGefa&Tyef;yefpk? Z,a,mfwmwdk0faoGmuf? wk&ifol&aoGmufwdkU 0JrSmvnf; bdk0fawmfbk&m;v¬ufawmfrS bGJUawmfrl&if;twdkif; crnf;awmfbk&m; aemifawmfrif;w&m;wdk0fv¬H xrf;&Gufí &Sdao;onf/ bGJUawmfrl&if;twdkif; igxyfíaoGmufbGJUawmfrlonf/ a&S;t½dk0f tpnf&Sdonfhtwdkif; xrf;&Gufap/ auwkrwDjynfudk0f tpdk0f&aom iOD;&D;awmfewf&SifaemifuRHijrwfoa'G ajr;iomxGef;atmifudk jrefrmjrif;pma&;MuD;cefU/ [ofm0wDynm;&mZol om;ajr;tquftEG,f tJ;aomfwmudk0f &Srf;jrif;pma&;MuD;cefU/ ppfudkif;aZ, yl&yxrrif;ocf,mapg,Grf; bGJUawmfrlonfh awmifbufjrif; ajrmufbufjrif; wdkUudk0f ta&;trSwf crnf;awmfbk&m;wGif 0wådpyg;apyg;oHk;aqmifawmfrl onf/ ausmfpHvSaemifawmf rif;w&m;wGif twGif;apawmfrlonf/ atmifausmfpH wdkUudk ajrmufbufjrif;pma&; awmifbufjrif;pma&;cefU/ tvHk;pHkpD&if&Hrsm;udk0f jrif;0eftonf0efwdkUu qdkif&mpD&ifap/ 0efwdkUu a&TwdkufwGif pm&if;awmf twdkif; tyf&rnf/ ouú&mZf 992ck eawmfvjynfhausmf4&ufaeU (12 November 1630) [Hom0wDobif eef;awmfwGifjyHonfhtrdefUawmfudk0f em;cHpajrmifrSL; vTwfwGifjyHonfh trdefUawmf/ (rsdK;Munfh 1944? wufA[dk 45235) 206 18 November 1630 bkef;awmftvGef MuD;jrwfawmfrlcJhaom toQifb0&Sifrif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; trdefUawmf&Sdonf/ ab;awmfowdk;rif;zsm;rSpí {u&mZfrif;jrwf 19quf crnf;awmfbk&m; aemifawmfbk&m;v¬ufuonf igtoQifb0&Sif rif;w&m;MuD; v¬ufawmfwdkifausmif;bk&m;rsm;udk0f ESKwfawmfjzifh vSLawmfrlonf/ trdefUawmf jyefüvSLawmfrlonf/ a&Tu&m;jzifh a&pufcsí vSLawmfrlonf/ wrÜ'Dywdkif; &Sdaom aygufuefjrif;qdkif; ppfudkif;yef;, oHo&jynfrsm;wGif tpdk;&aom rif;jrwfwdkUonfum; vSLonfhajre,fedrdwftydkif;tcsm; ewfapmifhewfxm; uefoif;½dk0fopf pnf;ausmufwdkifrsm;ESifh &Sdonft&mrsm;rSm ajrwdkif; ajrxdrf; wdkU0f tquftEG,fjywfaomfvnf; jrdK0f&GmwGif pcsDpjrifuvHoHjAifudk;oef; rSL;udk0f odef;rSL;&Spfaomif;rSL; awmifbufrSL; ajrmufbufrSL;wdkU0fuJhodkU trSL;tMuD;wdk0f tEG,ftqufoufMuD;&G,f&ifhwdk0f odrSDorQrSm ausmif;bk&m; odCdutpOfxm0&rsm;onf jyufpD;EdkifrnfhtaMumif;r&Sd/ ausmufpmwdkif&Sdonfh t&mrsm;vnf; txift&Sm;&Sdonfjzpfonf/ ordkif;armfuGef; urÜnf;vufpGJ unpf tu©&mriftu©&m oapö; tu©&mrsm;&Sdonf/ &Sdonfrsm;rSm tcdkiftvHk jzpfonf/ r&SdaomtaMumif;t&m a&S;vSLawmfrlonfaom pmoif0wfajr ausmif;bk&m; 0wfajrrsm;rSm pD;yGm;awmfb@mawmfodk0f oGif;olwdk0foGif;í 0ifxGufonft&mtrSKrsm;onf odEdkifcJonf/ a&S;aomumvu ajrwdkif; ajrxdrf;wdk0f tEG,ftquf aMumcdkif;eHpyfajrxdrf;ajrwdkif;wdkU0fESifh pcsDprm uvHoHjyifwdkU0f tquftEG,f wdk0fudk0f cJawmufapí ppfaMumonfjzpfrS odEdkif&monf/ roefUr&Sif;onfh0wfajrrsm;u b@mawmfrSm 0iforQonf opfvGif onfvrdkif;awmfrSpí t&yf&yftpGwf tacsmuf tcGefawmfcsifoGif;&modk0f ygacsvQifvnf; igtoQifb0&Sif rif;w&m;MuD;rSpí om;awmfajr;awmf tEG,fawmf aqGawmfrsdK0fawmf rlrwfwdkU0fudk0fwdkif oHk;pGJpm;aomufrdacsvQif bkef;wcdkif;tmPmtausmftapmf tqdwftawmuf nHh&majconfrsm;udk0f usrf;*efpma[mif;qdk0fonf/ 0efwdkUrodrMum;oavm/ ausmif;bk&m; 207 18 November 1630 odrfpmoif0wfoGif;0wfajrtultvSrf;t&Suftwif t0iftxGufausmufwdkif opf pnf;½dk0fuefoiflewfapmifhewfxm;wdk0fudk0f csm;em;odomatmif ppfaMumí qdkif&murÜnf;vufpGJordkif; armfuGef;ausmufpmwdkif xdk;apí tyf&rnf/ ouú&mZf 992ck ewfawmfvjynfhausmf 10&ufaeU (18 November 1630) trdefUawmf/ (rsdK;Munfh 1944 wufA[dk 45235) 208 3 August 1632 bkef;awmftvGefMuD;jrwfawmfrlvSaom toQifb0&Sifrif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; trdefUawmf&Sdonf/ bdk;awmfbMuD;awmf crnf;awmf aemifawmf tpnft½dk0fuRHjzpfonf/ xm;vSHvufeufpGJí udk,f&Hawmfjzpfonf/ wHcg; avSum;wGif; udkonfum;0if;awmfom;onfum; aeUnnfhtwGif; awmfrSm jrJoolonfum; oif;rSL;qifMuyfqifMuyfqif pcsDqifxdef;uHauR;[lí rsufpd rsufESmrSwfí xGufjrJ0ifjrJudkom xGuf0ifap/ onfhjyif rsufpdrsufESmrodvlopf jzpfrlum; wcg;yg;udkrQ eD;eD;csnf;&rnfr[kwf/ ewfwdkU0,frQ tol&monf rjywf&HjyKjcif;aMumifh jrifhrdk&fawmifütapmifhig;wefxm;onf/ txuf*VKef atmufudkum; e*g;bDvl;'u©&u©dKuf ewfom;wdkUudk tapmifhta&Smuf bDvl;wdkU 0,fvnf;odkU tapmifhta&SmufESifhvnf; aumif;jrwfpGmbk&m;onf tmVm0u tm;uRwfrnfjrifawmfrlí cRwfrnfoGm;awmfrl&m ydrSefü r&SdESifh/ ewfwdkUtpnf; ta0;iSg oGm;av\/ tmVm0uwHcg;apmifhjzpfaom bj'wltm; ydrSefodkU0ifrnf [lí cGifhawmif;awmfrlvQifaomf tuREkyfwdkU t&Sifjzpfaom tVm0uonf rmefrme cufxefpGm? 0ifawmfrrlygESifh[lí wm;awmfrlavonf/ usrf;*efyif vmawmhonf/ vlwdkU0,f igwdkUrif;wGifom wHcg;avScg;0if;ywif;ESifh apmifha&Smuf ppfaMumjcif;r[kwf/ ewfbDvl;wdkU0,fvnf; xdkodkUaom tapmifhta&SmufESifhyifjzpfonf/ rif;wdkuvnf; onfudkESvHk;oGif;í rSwfom; apmifhMuyfí rif;rSKr&SdrS ppfaMumonft&m vlaumif;t&ma&mufonf/ igvnf;uGyfawmfrrl&rnf? pD;awmfqifjrif;awmf rsuf&dyfuHauR;wdkUudk r0ifap ESifh? a&SUuom0ifap? 0if;awmfqifudkaomfum; vuf0J0if;u0if? qifuHauR; qifxdef;wdkUrSwfom;í 0ifjrJxGufjrJwdkif; ppfausmí0ifxGufap/ a&SU0if;qif v,f,m0if;qifaemH0if;qif3rsufESmqifxdef;qifuHauR;wdkU r0ifapESifh/ ouú&mZf 994ck 0gacgifvjynfhausmf 13&uf4aeU? (3 August 1632) o&efwkyÜjyHonfh trdefUawmf/ (rsdK;Munfh 1944? wufA[dk 45235) 209 1 March 1633 bkef;awmftvGefMuD;jrwfawmfrlvSaom toQifb0&Sif rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; trdefUawmf&Sdonf/ yef;,bHkpHwkvGwfausmif;awmfodkU xGufawmfrlrnf? a&T &xm;awmf a&SUa&TMudK;4oG,f? &xm;awmfaemufa&TMudK;4oG,f? jrif;jzL8pD;? jrif;awmfrSm uMudK;wHqm e0&wfpD? uawmifwif&ef; uwåDygtwGif; tem; a&TypGefcGef e0&wfpDuap? a&SUa&TMudK;woG,fewf&Sif(jrif;)? 4if;a&TMudK;1oG,f rif;w&m;(jrif;)? 4if;a&TMudK;woG,f &Jawmf(jrif;)? 4if;a&TMudK; 1oG,f a&Tjynf (jrif;)? aemufa&TMudK;1oG,fyef;,aoewf? 4if;1oG,f a&TjrdKUawmfaoewf? 4if; 1oG,f wefwm;OD;aoewf? 4if;1oG,fjrdKUwGif; aoewfwdkUudk MudK;udkifap/ cefUawmfrlonfhtpkjyif0ifí rudkifapESifh? cefUawmfrlaMumif;vnf; [Hom0wD bdk;awmfqifjzL&Sifocif rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; usdKufb@dKifausmif;awmfodkU xGufawmfrl&mwGif jrif;&xm;awmfMudK;udkifcefUawmfrlonfjzpfí igcefUawmf rlonf/ bHkpHwkvGwfausmif;awmfvnf; yef;,rSmjzpfonf/ xGufawmfrlMuD; tpD&ifudk pD&if&rnf/ a&T&xm;awmf 0if&onfh aoGmufpkjrif;pk aoewfvkifwdkU rSmvnf; cg;MudK;'Gg',mcg;pnf;vufaumuftkwfxkwfrsm;udk wdkufawmfuxkwf í ay;&rnf/ vuf,mvdkufewf&Sifjrif;rSm a&TuvyfwGif a&TjrLwmxnfhíydkuf? vuf0J0if;urif;w&m;jrif;rSm aiGuvyfwGif aiGjrLwmydkufí vdkufap? a&T&xm;awmf aemufwGif eef;uHauR;pma&;wdkUESifh ydokumvuform;wdkU wHqm pHkESifhvdkufap? yef;yGwfwdkufpdk; pma&;ESifh yef;yGwfwHqmpHkESifhvdkufap? eef;wifylwufw&efudk oefUpifawmfom;wdkUuxrf;ap? wa&mfuifyGef; (ck)epf rnf t&nftdk;ESifh? refwef&nftdk;ESifh? y&dwf&nftdk;ESifh? a&TyufusnfaiGywfusnf a&T>ywfaiG>ywfrsm;udk eef;wifyk 2&efwGifxnfhap? a&TukwfaiGukwfudkifrSm &wemxrf;pifawmfucefU/ ouú&mZf 995ck uqkefvqef;15&ufaeU (12 April 1633) udk xGufawmfrlrnf/ pD&if&efrsm;udk wul;v(March 1633)u toifhpD&if&rnf/ bHkpHwkvGwfausmif;awmfudk xGufawmfrlí jyefvnfawmfrlvQif Oa'gif;jrD; ,yfom;jrD;,yf,rm;awmf xD;jzLawmf 210 1 March 1633 rsm;udktwGif; r*FvmxD;jzLwdkufawmfrSm oGif;xm;ap? pD;awmfjrif;u &xm; awmfudk aqmifaomjrif;uwHqmudk a&T&xm;awmfiifwdkUu t0wfwHqmrsm;udk rif;crf;wdkufawmfMuD;rSm roGif;rxm;apESifh? r*Fvmrif;crf;wdkufawmfrSm oGif;xm;ap? a&SUa&TMudK;4? aemufa&TMudK; 4? a&Tukyf? aiGukyfrSpí eef;wifyk 2&efrsm;udk a&T&xm;awmfwdkufrSm oGif;xm;ap? jrif;&xm;awmfpD;í igxGuf pHawmfrlonft&monf bdk;awmfqifjzL&Sifrif;w&m;usdKufb@dKifausmif;awmfudk xGufawmfrlonfhxHk;? crnf;awmfbk&m;wHwm;OD; r[mbHkomudk xGufawmf rlonfhxHk;? aemifawmfrif;w&m;jyó'fausmif; r[m&wemjrwfbHkomudk xGufpHawmfrlonfhxHk;twdkif; xGufpHawmfrlrnf? igom;awmf wyJ,if; rif;om;udk jrif;&xm;awmfa&Ta0gyvmusdKif;MuD; a&TcsufusdKif;i,f a&Tcsuf 2pif;aqmifap/ taqmifudkifrSm aAgif;0ef;ESifh eE´pnfolaoGmuf? a0vkokE´& aoGmufwdkU oem;awmfrlonfh vlpkwdkUudkvdkufap? aemufawmfvdkufrSm uRHawmfa[mif; jrif;pkom;wdkUudk ap&rnf/ 0efwdkUupD&if/ ouú&mZf 994ck aESmif;wul;vqef;2&ufaeU (1 March 1633) em;cH pajrmifrSL;vTwfwGifjyHonfh trdefUawmf/ (rsdK;Munfh 1944? wufA[dk 45235) 211 7 April 1633 bkef;awmftvGefMuD;jrwfawmfrlvSaom toQifb0&Sif rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; trdefUawmf&Sdonf/ jrwfrkedapwDawmf r[m&HwnfonfrSm oHk;vltxGwf jrwfpGmbk&m;onf t½dk;raumif; owå0gjzpfawmfrlonfh t&mrSm ra&wGufrcsifh xGufjzpfonf/ t½dk;&aumif;aom owå0gwGifrSaomfvnf; ra&wGufEdkif jzpfonf/ {uúedygwfawmfwGifvmonfhtjzpfawmf 150? 'kuúedygwfawmfwGif;ü 100? wduúedygwfawmfwGif;ü 50? yOöedygwfawmfwGif; 20? qedygwfZmwfawmf wGif; 10? edygwfudkaqmifü Zmwfaygif; 438om&Sdonf/ uyÜdv0wfjynfwGif oD&dr[mrm,m0rf;ü y#doaE¨aeawmfrlonfrSpí bGm;awmfrlonf/ ,aomf",m rdzk&m;&mrokb ok&mr eef;awmfwGif pHawmfrlonf/ awmxGufawmfrlonf/ 'kuú&p&d,usifhawmfrlonf? bk&m;jzpfawmfrlonf/ rmefewfom;udk atmifawmfrlonf/ owåXmeaeawmfrlonf/ wzkó zvduukefonfnDaemifwdkUu qHawmf&Spfacsmif; tyfawmfrlonf/ rd*'g0Hkawm odkU (rsdK;Munfh 1944) 212 24 June 1634 ouú&mZf 996ck0gacgifvqef;7&ufaeU (21 July 1634) jyó'fawmfrSpí q,faqmifaom eef;awmfrsm;udk aqmufrnfrSm crnf;awmf bk&m;vufxuf eef;awmfrsm; aqmuf&mwGif eef;awmf&ufrudk awmifajrmufxdk;onfh tcsufudk wdyd#umvuFm&q&mawmfudk avQmufaomf crnf;awmf rif;w&m;onf wvdkif;jynfrSm oGm;awmfrlonf wvdkif;jynfwvdkif;eef;udk tjrifrsm;í eef;awmf&ufrudk awmifajrmuf xdk;onf t&momjzpfonf/ a&SUaemufxdk;aomf vnf; tjypfrxif? odkU&mwGif crnf;awmfrif;w&m;vnf; owdk;rif;zsm; wnfaxmifaom jrdKUeef;udk {u&mZf 19qufajrmufí awmjzpf&mwGif jrdKUeef;jyKpkawmfrlonf/ yXr&if;uyif eef;awmf&ufrawmifajrmufxdk;í eef;awmfpD&if aqmufvkyfonf/ om;awmfonf a&ajr&Sifjzpfawmfrlonf? crnf;awmf xHk;pHtwdkif; pD&ifawmfrlaomfvnf; tjypfr&Sd rdefUawmfrlonfh twdkif; jyó'fawmfrSpí eef;awmf&ufrudk awmifajrmufxdk;í aqmufawmf rlawmh? eef;awmf&yfopfajcudk ausmuf0ef;yv’ifcHí aMu;eDjym;tif;cHap? tkwfpDap? tif;uawrHap? wdkifwGif;ygwfvnf EGm;aemuf½kyfESpf? jydKif½kyfESifh ykPÖm;ckepfa,muft½kyfwdkUudk aq;pHka&;ap? opfawmf&yfaeUpmwGif ygonfh twdkif; pD&if&rnf? [if;carmfta&SUtif;awmfajr? awmiforeftif;awmfajr? 0rf;bJtif;awmfajr? ppfudkif;wifwdyftif;ajr? awmifjrifhajr? awmifusnf;ajr? awmifAgwdkifajr? awmiforefajr? omxGef;ukef;ajr? wJawmf&majr? eHUomukef; ajr? om0efukef;ajr? jrawmifajr? cRef;awmifajr? awmifvSajr? a'gif;OD;pGef; awmifajr? a&TabmfuRef;ajr? ppfudkif;av;uRef;ajrrsm;udk e0&wftrSHK? a&TrSHK? aiGrSHKrsm;jzifh nufpGmjyKí &yfopfawmf&yfrdvQif wGif;ajrudkifap? q&mawmfuoGif;onfhpmwGif ygonfhtwdkif; 0efwdkUupD&if/ ouú&mZf 997ck e,Hkvjynfhausmf4&uf0aeU(24 May 1635) a&Teef;awmfwufodrf; pHyg,fawmfrlonf? yXro*Fg,emwif? 'kwd,o*Fg&em wif? wwd,o*Fg&emwif yXmefa[m? atmifjcif;&Spfyg;? atmifjcif;av;yg;? eef;awmfrSpí jrdK0fxdyf&Spf&yf y&dawåmf qDrD;xGef;? eef;awmfwGif ta&SUpl;pl; qefawmif; 213 24 June 1634 r,fjzL? ta&SUawmifaxmifh qifcRef;acgif;avmif; Oa'gif;jrD;,yf tJarmif; axmifausmufysnfausmufom; r[mydEéJewf½kyf? taemufawmifaxmifh qifpG,fpHkur®yÜvmeD? taemufpl;pl; ig;Muif;ygwf a&TcJaiGcJMuKwfESifh? taemufajrmufaxmifh xrif;yGJ? ajrmufc½koif; ajrZmoajynGefU EGm;EdkU MuKwfyGwfu&GwfESifh? ta&SUajrmufaxmifh xD;usdKifha&jynfhtdk; eef;aqmifawmf Muief;zdk ykqdk;tusÐaygif;xkwf em;awmif;vufpGyfZm,yf O½kMuief;rxbD xbufykwD;em;awmif;vufpGyf vufaumufa&TuHk;? Muufoa&wdkufwGif rdef;rudk,f0efaqmif 0wfpm;wHqmESifhtpHk ESpfa,mufwdkUrSm ausmufysOfausmuf om;wa,muf&Gufíaeap? wa,mufaMumifeSudkydkufíaeap? eef;awmf&Spf rsufESmbk&m;½kwfxkpif&SifESifh yd#uwfpmxkyfur®0gwdkufESifhxnfhap? ajreef;&mZ yv’ifa&SUwGif vuf0Jvuf,mxD;jzLpdkufí zGifhap? wefvsm;awmifajrmufü xD;jzL2pif;pDzGifhap? ajrmuf'0,faqmifxD;jzL2pif;? aemufyGJawmfaqmif xD;jzL 2pif;? awmif'0,faqmifxD;jzL2pif; zGifhap? &mZyv’ifvuf0Jvuf,mrif;crf; awmfpHkcif;usif;ap? ta&SUpl;pl; qifwifa&Ta&;aygif;ESifh qifrawmfom;trd? ta&SUawmifaxmifh EGm;om;trd? awmif(pl;pl;) uRJom;trd? taemufawmif xmifhqdwfom;trd? taemufpl;pl; qifajymif&Juwif 2pD;? taemufajrmuf axmifh uRJom;trd? ajrmufpl;pl;orifom;trd? ta&SUajrmufaxmifh jrif;om; trdcsnfxm;ap? a&rSma&uefa&jrpfa& ppfudkif;&efatmifjrpfqdyfa&? aZw0ef a&qdyfa&? jrpfckepfpif;a&? uif;wm;awmifxdyfa&rSpí ckepf&yfaom pE´ul eHUoma&? e0&wfpdrfaoma&? ork'´&ma&? bkr®odrfa&wdkUudk nGefaygif;jyKí tdk;p&nf;wGifavmif;ap? wefaqmif;ESifh&mZrSwfumí iSufaysmMuHyif pdkufvsuf wnf&rnf/ &mZrSwf 12xyfumí taph&SdaomopfyifwdkUudkpdkufí qDrD;waqmifxGef;ap? vTwfrSmvnf; rif;crf;awmfusif;ap? aoewfvSH'dkif;um vTm; tajrmufqifjrif;AdkvfrSL;wyfrSL;axmifrSL; axmifpcsDtmPmwyfaumif[ef udk cif;usif;ap? eef;awmfudk (wuf) 214 24 June 1634 odrf;onf(rSm) rZösdrwdkuf (t)rif; rif;wdkUpD&ifxHk;twdkif; pD&ifí eef;wufodrf;awmfrlaomtcg q&mawmfu pmoGif;onfhtwdkif; aphESHUatmif 0efwdkUpD&if/ ouú&mZf 996ck 0gqdkvqef;q,f&ufaeU (24 June 1634) ajymhMuD;rSL;jyefonfh trdefUawmf/ (rsdK;Munfh 1944? wufA[dk 45235) 215 24 June 1634 See also the order of 23 June 1607 vTwf½Hk;rsm;rSpí a&Teef;awmf ywfvnf0efpk& 0efpkr& rSL;rwft&m&Sd pma&;pmcsDwdkUrS pí jrdKUolMuD;ajrwdkif pcsDpjrifwdkUa&SU trSKonf 2a,muf qdkMuonf w&m;rSKpum;rSKwdkUü crnf;awmfbk&m; aemifawmfrif;w&m; vufxufawmfuonf ,ckvufxufawmfwdk0f pD&ifMuonf cHkolrwfwdkU aumuf,lonfh t&mrsm; 0,fjrdKUü aeaom w&m;olMuD;? rif;wdkUu xm;aom w&m;olMuD;? trSKonf2OD;cGifhjyKaom w&m;olMuD;? rif;w&m;olMuD;? jrdKU&Gmü pD&ifaomw&m;olMuD;? oDvowif;&Sdaom w&m;olMuD;? om,maompum;udk qdkwwfaomw&m;olMuD;? trSKonf2OD;pnf;vJonfudk wwfodvdr®maom w&m;olMuD;? trSKüwGifaomw&m;olMuD;? ykPÖm;w&m;olMuD;? þodkUw&m; olMuD; 10a,mufwdkU a&S;trSKonf2bufwdkU\ pum;udk vS,fyg,fí w&m; &Sd&m>rufqdkwwfaom a&SUaei,fwdkUonf pum;a[mif;ü a&ul;nmwif? aumifyif&dwfvSD;? a&onfabmifbif? tdk;wefqefcwf? qDyGwfusnfayGU? qifa0SU &efa&Smif? awmifol&mckwf? MuufqkyfcGufjypf? a&ppfu&m;? a&om;oJwif? cufwifarmifESif;? qdkjcif;pum; 10yg;jym;aomqdk½dk;xHk;pHOya'oxif&Sm;pGm &Sdonfhtwdkif; rqdk? aMu;aiGy@mum&udkiJhí w&m;pum;r&Sdonfudk ESpfvHk; ydkufí w&m;pum;wdkUudk vTJz,fí qdkonfhtaMumif;udk a&Tem;awmfMum;awmf rlonf/ a&S;pum;a[mif;twdkif;om [kwfrSefonfhtrSKwdkUudkqdkyap? 0efwdkUjrpfwm;&rnf? jrpfwm;onfudk rwnf&qdkjrJqdkjyefvQif qdkola&SUaei,f wdkUudk tcsuf 100½dkuf? aemufrqifcsifa&SUenf;qdkjyefí Edkifrnfhol½SHK;½SHK; rnfholEdkifcsufESKwfí tu©&mrusw&m;r0ifonfh t&mrsm;udk a&S;aejcif;jzpfap tjcm;ujzpfap Mum;odí jrpfwm;aomfvnf; rEdkifpdwfMudKufqdkjcif;wdkif; qdkjyef &vQif 0efwdkUESpfcGef;acs&rnf rrSwfESifh? qdkonf 2bufa&SUaei,fwdkUudk a0pGmaomt&yfodkU ydkU&rnf/ (ouú&mZf 996ck 0gqdkvqef; 10&ufaeU) (24 June 1634) trdefUawmf (wufA[dk 46235) 216 (24 June 1634) bkef;awmftvGefMuD;jrwfawmfrlvSaomtoQifb0&Sif rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; trdefUawmf&Sdonf/ atmufrm;0efpma&;wdkUrSm qifawmfatmufí &vQif ta&SUbufuRef;uul;apí tif;0odkUa&mufvQif aiGpifacsmif;uwdkufí taemufodkUoGm;onf t&mqifawmfudk rwdkufapESifh? a&S;owdk;rif;zsm; vufxufawmfrSpí 19qufaom {u&mZfrif;jrwfwdkU vufxuf Oya' xm;onf? crnf;awmfbk&m; aemifawmfbk&m;vufxufawmfvnf; bm;rJhq&m awmfudk Oya'oxm;onfacsmif;jzpfonf/ aiGpifacsmif;odkU qifawmfudkwdkufiif í rvmapESifh/ wdkuf,l&rnfrSm ta&SUbufuul;vQif yef;avmifjrpf0uxGufap? taemufodkUwufí ig;&mzsm;odkU a&mufvQif jyefvmí usHK;awmf0if;a[mif;u 0ifap&rnf/ O'defrif;aZmudkvnf;yoí wifjrJtwifawmfwif&rnf/ 0efwdkUpD&if/ (ouú&mZf 996ck 'kwd,0gqdkvqef;q,f&ufaeU) (24 June 1634) trdefUawmf/ (rsdK;Munfh 1944? wufA[dk 45235) 217 10 April 1635 bkef;awmftvGefMuD;jrwfawmfrlvSaom toQifb0&Sif rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; trdefUawmf&Sdonf/ a&Twdkufpdk;pma&; oaX;aMu;rSwfaMu;cwfaomhudkifwdkUrSpí ta0;jrdKU&Gm t&yf&yf wdkufpdk;pma&;MuD;wdkUrSm b@mawmfoGif;vQif &m vdkuf q,fvdkufb@mawmfodrf;wdkUudk ay;&aMumif;udk a&Tem;awmfMum;awmf rlonf/ &mvdkufq,fvdkufompm;cJhaomf a&Tb@m? aiGb@m? aMu;b@mawmf rsm;rSm tiftm;MuD;onf/ a&TaiGausmufESifh pyforQrSm a&TaiG 1vQif 2d 2H aMu;rSm 10vQif5domay;ap? onfhjyifoGif;orQ onfrSm av;pkwGif wpkavsmh oHk;pkwGif wpkavsmhomvGefwdk;yGm;í rawmif;rcHapESifh/ a&TMunfhoaX;wdkUrSm vnf; edzvH? em&eD? em&eJ? em&umrsm;udk a&S;ab;awmfrif;w&m; crnf;awmf rif;w&m;awmifawmfrif;w&m;vufxufawmfuMunfhonfh oaX;wdkUESifhom Munfhap? pHawmfrSDonfudk rrSD[lí yPÖmum&&atmif raoGapESifh? rSDvQifrSDonf rrSDvQif rrSDonfudkomqdkap? tpuftrSwfwdkUrSmvnf; a&S;pm;½dk;aomuf½dk; twdkif; wGifíomawmif;ap? a&Twdkuf0efpD&ifpk rif;crf;wdkufwGif xD;jzLwdkuf ykqdk;awmif;wdkufajrmufwdkufjyif t½kyfMuD;wdkufrsm;wGif wdkufpma&;aomhudkif oaX;aMu;rSwfpoolr&Sd? vGwfvQif a&Twdkuf0efpma&;wdkUuvTwfrSm tpD&ifawmfcHap/ ta&;tom; txGuftppfcsdefusyf ocsFm odrSwfwwfoolwdkUudk &efxm;í 0efwdkUuavQmuf? a&Twdkuf0efpD&ifpk jyifusefonfh a&Tb0g;awmf atmufrSpí t&yf&yfjrdKU&Gmwdkufawmf&Sdrsm;rSmvnf; jrdKU0efppfuJESifh &SdonfjrdKUrSm jrdKU0efppfuJwdkUu? wdkufpdk;pma&;wdkUudk cefUxm;ap? cefUxm;aMumif;udk a&Tb0g;awmfatmufavQmufap? igha&Tb0g;awmfatmufwGif wdkufpdk;pma&; aomhudkif aMu;cwfaMu;rSwfvGwfvyfvQif 0efwdkUu cefUxm;&rnf? cefUxm; aMumif;udkavQmuf? pma&;MuD; trdefUawmfa&; trSmawmfa&; ta0;a&muf pma&;wdkUrSpí a&SU½Hk;a&Teef;pma&;wdkU vGwfvyfaomfvnf;aumif;? jrefrmrif; pma&;&Srf;jrif;pma&; Zif;r,fjrif;pma&; tdrfa&SUawmfyg jrif;pma&;MuD; tonf pma&; jrdKUpma&; jrdKuvyfpma&;usD0efpma&;rsm;rSm vTwfu&efxm;í 218 10 April 1635 pmoGif;? ta0;jrdKU0efppfuJemcHpma&;MuD;tcGef0efrSpí 0efpkoifhol pma&;MuD; oifholwdkUudk xrf;&nf&Guf&nfudk Z,m;jyí avQmuf? igtrdefUawmfjyefrS cefUxm;&rnf/ tonf0efuif;0eftarG0efoHawmfOD;wifppftonfppfuif;awmfppfwdkUudk a&SU½dk;odkUwufap? jrdKU0efrSmjrdKU ta&SUxD;aygif;um;ajrmufa±awmifpum;wdkif cdk;ao;rD;yGm;rsm;udkppf? twGif;awmfaxmifrSL; axmifpcsDjyifaxmifrSL; axmifpcsD t0ef;i,fom;wdkUrSmvnf; a&S;ESdK;aqmfonfh t&yftuGufudkom armif;oHay;í ESdK;aqmf? rD;rSKrSmavmifonfh t&yfwGifom armif;oHay;í ESdK;aqmf? rD;rSKrSm avmifonfh t&yfwGifom armif;oHay;í vSnfhap? rif;rSKrif;crf;&Sdí aqmfbef&onfrSm wtdrfvQif aiG 1H? 2H? 3H? 1d cH,laMumif;udk a&Tem;awmfMum; &onf? rSefonf rrSefonfudk t&yftuGufacgif;vlaqmfwdkUudk ppf? ppf&mwGif rSefvQif tcsuf100½dkuf? axmifrSL; axmifpcsDi,fwdkUudk t&mrSESKwf> jrdKU0efudk tjypfawmfwifjyef&rnf/ oHawmfOD;wifppfwdkUrSm yk&ydkufvTm 1udkaMu; 1? 50d em;cHrSmaMu; 50d ay;ap? tonfppfwdkUrSm uvHwdkUu pm&if;wifvQif t&mawmfygzsifwpHk? tHk; 2wGJ vufbuf1? pma&;wdkUwGif tHk;wwGJ vufbuf 50day;ap? ,lap? tonf0efjrdKU0ef tarG0efuif;0efwdkUrSmvnf; trdefYawmf&if;twdkif; yPÖmcHap? uif;pma&;i,fwdkUrSm uif;pma&S;enf;a&;ap? a&S;enf;ra&;EdkifvQif Ekwfí a&;EdkifoolwdkUudkcefU? pmwapmifvQif aMu; 50d vufbufxkyf 1omay;ap? ,lap/ pvif;jrdKU0ef? ppfuJ? av;jrdKU0ef? ppfuJwdkUrSm pmudk rcRefapESifh? jynfjrdKU [Hom0wDjrdKU rif;wHk;jrdKU oHvQifjrdKU rkwårjrdKU Zif;r,fjrdKU awmifiljrdKU '0,fjrdKU rsm;rSm pmcRefap? t&yf&yfjrdKU&Gmae pcsDpjrif uvHoHjyif ajrwdkif; ajrxdef;? awmifbufwdkuf? ywHkwdkuf? r'Jwdkuf? jynfckepfwdkuf? wGifoif;wdkuf? taemuf bufwdkuf? r[m'gefwdkif? qifaMuwdkufrSpí wdkufrSL;wdkUrSm a&S;tpOfqufjrJ oGif;jrJtwdkif;oGif;ap? jynfjrdKUvrdkif;rSL; weufyvmqifrSL;? tif; 219 10 April 1635 crf;rSL;? tajrmufrSL;? aoewfrSL;wdkUrSmvnf; rif;rSKrif;crf;rSpí tvHk;pHkrsdK; wdkUudk jrdKU0efppfuJ em;cHpma&;MuD;wdkU wnDwnGwfwnf;½Hk;rSmtpD&ifcHí pmcRef&rS trSKrsdK;wdkUudk aqmifap&rnf/ wyJ,if;jrdKU udk;oef;rSL;? ykcef;MuD;jrdKU &Spfaomif;rSL;? tjrifhjrdKU v;aomif;rSL;wdkUudkvnf; t½dk;tpnfom;ajr;wdkUudk ppfícefU? pcsdpjrif uvH oHjyifajrwdkif;ajrxdef;rSmvnf; t½dk;tpnfom;ajr; tquftEG,fwdkUudkomcefU? zvHcHk? ykvJcsm;wdkuf t0iftyg jrefrmwyfMuD;? jrefrmwyfi,f? wvdkif;wyfMuD;? wvdkif;wyfi,f? ukvm;wyfMuD; ukvm;wyfi,f? &Srf;wyfMuD;? &Srf;wyfi,f? 5pdkU 'dkif;acgif;MuD;wdkUrSm rk&if;? aumufMuD;? aumufwD ajrqDajrcGef vrdkif;awmf pyg;rsm;rSm zvHuHkusDawmf? cGefomusDawmf? wefrusDawmfrsm;rSm a&S;oGif;jrJcsif oGif;ap? iga&Tb0g;awmfatmufwGif usDawmfrsm;rSm r[meE´b,ausmfxifu pD&ifap? ta0;usDawmfrsm;udk oD&db,ausmfxifu pD&ifap? usDawmfapmifh? aomhudkif? wif;udkif? wHokwf? c½dkUcsdK;wdkUudk 0efwdkUucefUap? jrif;ysufajrcGef awmfrsm;udk a&;ppfodrf;cHrnfrSm vTwfutrSKxrf; ruHkooltwGif; taqmifjrJ uHauR;&Gmoem;awmfudk rcH&ool jrif;awmfonf? aoGmufpk? a&Tyef;yef? tdrfa&SU awmfygjrif;? aoGmufwdkUudk cefUxm;í a&; ppfodrf;cHap/ jrdKUpm;? aus;pm;? ajrpm;? tif;pm;? qnfpm;wdkUrSm igoem;awmf rlonfhtwdkif; ppfaMumí a&; ppfodrf;cHpm;ap? ausmif;bk&m;ajrrsm;rSm tay:0efw&m;uGrf;bdk;wdkUudkom jrdKUpm;&Gmpm;wdkUua&; ppfodrf;cHap? twGif;jyif tdyfvSnfhtdyfzef 0ifxGufxrf;&GufolwdkUrSmvnf; twiftoa& aqmif&GufonfrSm aoemywdwdkUjyif taqmift&Gufoem;awmfcH&oolwdkUudk a&T;awmf,lwHcg;? vuf0J0if;wHcg;? vuf,m0if;wHcg;wGif;ü aqmifap/ twGif;awmfjrJ taqmif&Sd ajreef;aoGmufMuD;wdkUrSpí oif;rSL;wdkUrSm aqmifxm;udk,frSL;pkom;wdkUudk eef;jrdKUwHcg; a&mufMudKí oGif;ap? xkwfjrJ 220 10 April 1635 xkwfap? 0if;vSnfhtdyfzefudk,f&H'dkif;? um? a&Tav;? aoewf? tajrmuf? ouú'gef? ,Gef;pk? aumif[ef? pMuD;i,fom;wdkUudk aeUnnfhapmifh vlta&twGuf &Sdr&Sdudk oem;awmfrl&ef tkef;iSufaysmMuHrsm;udk aoemywdwdkUrS pí tpkpk0ef? tpkpkpma&;MuD;? tpkpkcHkolrwfwdkUudk wvudkvqef; w&ufaeUoGif;onfh vufaqmifawmft&mawmfvufaqmif,l pma&;wdkUudk 0ifí ay;a0ap/ twGif;jyifvl tapmifhtae cefUxm;awmfrlonfhtwdkif; aus;Zl;opömawmfESifhtnD 0ifxGuftdyfaeonfrsm;udk qDrD;xGef;rSL;? wif;wdrf &HrSK;wdkUuavQmuf&rnf/ ouú&mZf 997ck uqHkvqef; 5&ufaeU (10 April 1635)em;cH pajrmifrSL;xkwfí vTwfwGifjyHonfh trdefUawmf/ (rsdK;Munfh 1944) 221 7 May 1635 bkef;awmftvGefMuD;jrwfawmfrlvSaom toQifb0&Sif rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; trdefUawmf&Sdonf/ r[m"r®aZ,sol&? r[mb,ol&wdkUrSm igtoQif b0&Sif rif;w&m;MuD; tusdK;awmfudk pD&if&rnf/ tusdK;&SdrSvnf; wdkif;a&;jynfa&;ü &efql;&efan§mifh ray:rxGuf jidrf0yfí jynfxJav;rsufESm om,mrnf jzpfonf tusdK;awmf pD;yGm;awmfudk xm;umaqmif&Gufí xHk;a[mif;yHk oufao rnDí waMumif;? ta&;tom;,Gif;íwaMumif;? vpf[if;orQvnf; &mZ0wf0,f roifhonfyifjzpfonf? yHkqdkaomt&monfum; a&S;a&S; a&Teef;a&Ttdrfrsm;ü yHkaqmif pD&ifbl;aom xHk;pH&efql;&efan§mifhudk &nfí pD&ifaomyHkpH? tuGif;orm; aq;orm; rEÅeform;wdkUonf wapäzkwfjywf&dyfzH;oHzH;rsm;ESifh pHk;qifuGef;ewfqdk;aZmf*eDwdkUudk &nfíjyKaom yHkpHrSm OD;aqmifí raumif;roifh jyD &nfí wa,mufonfausmif;jzpfapbk&m;jzpfap pGefUypfydkUxm;&mrsm;rS ul;,la&;om;aom yHkpHrsm;udk rodEdkifjzpfonf? jrifjrif&m&m ra&;rom;apESifh/ bdk;awmfbk&m; crnf;awmfbk&m; aemifawmfbk&m;vufxufa&;om; pD&ifaomyHkawmfxkwfrS yHkawmftwdkifom woa0rQ rcsm;&atmif pD&if&rnf/ pkv’oD&dtif;jym;unpf ocsFm*Pef;a&;&mrSm tXrkwf 100? 101? 102? 103? 104? 105? 106? 107? 108 tpOftwdkif; acguf&rnfrSm ocsFm 36qdkudk txufqHk; &Sdap&rnf/ pwk&*F edygwf ocsFm *Pef;tif;rSmvnf; 1aEG 1vm 3*Fg 4[k? pae? 5aw;? &m[k? 6Mum [lí &Spfxyfacguf&rnf/ xdkodkUa&;om; jyD;aomcg yXr tXrkwf? 'kwd,pwk&*Fedygwf? wwd,oufawmf 80? pwkw¬ oufawmf 81? yOörprÜm e0xGuftif;? qXromoemawmf 5000xyfí a&Teef;csnf aiGeef;csnf jyifuxyfn§dí ra&GU&atmif&pfap? pnfawmfrSpí ESHxm;&efrsm;rSm ESHxm;aomcg vkv’jyK&rnf? a&;om;aomt&mrsm;rSmvnf; tu©&m0kwådrSefatmif a&;ap&rnf? pD&ifa&;om;orQrSm tu©&m0wåd? 'E´Z? rk'´Z? uH? uwåm;? Xmefu½dkPf;? qef;? tvuFm ta&;tom; nDnGwfrS tusdK;awmf pD;yGm;awmf jyefUyGm;rnf/ tusdK;awmf 222 7 May 1635 pD;yGm;awmf jyefUyGm;rSvnf; wdkif;a&; jynfa&; omoemawmfa&; oifhrnf aMumif;jzpfonf/ ouú&mZf 997 e,Hkvqef; 2&uf3aeU (7 May 1635) rl0pma&vsH pma&;wdkU pnfawmf½HkwGif jyHonfhtrdefUawmf/ (rsdK;Munfh 1944? wufA[dk 45235? *efUa*g tHh ay) 223 9 May 1635 bkef;awmftvGefMuD;jrwfawmfrlvSaom toQifb0&Sif rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; trdefUawmf&Sdonf/ a&TjrdKUawmfwHcg; &Spf&yfrSm atmifxGef;? ompnf? ausmfbHk? 0ifrem? pH&m? &efatmif? avom? rmefatmif? wHcg;awmf&Spf&yftxuf rsufESmMuufwdkUudk ydwfaumif; ydwfEkudk vufoef;waxmifwGif 4HomoH awmifjrifh 5F5HpD teHtvsm;pD&if? rsufESmMuufaygifopfyGwf[if; oywm; okwf oHuGif;usD;acswGifwyfí Muuf&rnf/ xkwfonfhyHkawmfwGif yv’ifESifhbk&m; ½kyfxkawmfxuf0,f awmifjynfhaAg"da&;onf? &SifaumPÖn? &Sifbwåd, &Sdcdk;vQuf &Sif0yÜoydwfawmfudkudkifvQuf &Sifr[meefa&u&m;udkifvQuf a&;onf/ 0¥&mZiHk;rif; rdbnDESraqGom;rsdK;om;wdkU rD;txufodkU ysHxGuf[ef a&;onf? bk&m;avmif;opömjyK[efa&;onf/ oó&mZm,Hkrif; rD;wGif;qif&m ajru y'kr®mMumyGifhaygufí ,Hkrif;MumyGifhay:wGif ae[efa&;onf/ uóy bk&m; omoemawmfü Cwdum&tdrfudkvSLí &[EÅmwdkU ouú,fjypfudkifMu[ef a&;onf/ r[m'u©&u©apmifhaom a&uefudk uyÜD&mZmajrmufrif;rSpí arsmuf wdkUMumjzifhpkwf[efa&;onf/ *E´rm'eawmifnGefUqDudk a&TcGufa&TpkwfwHjzifh oMum;n§pfícH,l[efa&;onf/ aeAdrmef&xm;wGifaeewfom;? vAdrmef&xm; wGif vewfom;a&;onf/ bk&m;avmif;ajracG;rif;? bk&m;avmif;zsHrif;? bk&m;avmif;arsmufrif; oDvaqmufwnfMu[efa&;onf/ vu©PmawmfMuD; 12*gxmpmvHk;aygif; 384? plVmrPd 10*gxm pmvHk;aygif; 320? pdE´mrPd10*g xm pmvHk;320? bk&m;avmif;ra[moX*gxm 10 pmvHk;aygif; 320? r[mpkE´ aAmZösifpmvHk; 600? oD&o®darpmvHk;aygif; 80? aAm"dr@dkifpuf? earmAk'¨jrifhrdk&f? prÜge0jrifrdk&f? jypDauujrifhrdk&f? Zdea*gwåHjrifhrdk&f? a'0umeD 32vHk;? a'0gomukOöwå&wem? aomVo txJttkyf? ouúxGm Ak'¨"r®oHC 3? ok0PÖ bkr®dtif; pmvHk; 32vHk;? y#mXm&Pgtif;? &SifOykwfy&dwftif;? aMomif; earme&med tXmedtif;? O'¨H,m0tif;? o&e*kPftif;tus,f 3? tif;aygif;udk [if;oywm;jzifh om;onf? yef;aygif;ESifh 224 9 May 1635 tu©&m*Pef;wdkUudk a&;&rnf/ av;axmifhywfvnfpuf 3csufvmonf/ twGif;pufaerif;y&dwf? tv,fpufwGif vrif;y&dwf? jyifpufrSm t&SmiftmeE´m puú"r®y&dwfudk ywfrdatmif pmaMumif;a&;&rnf/ tif;qdkonft&monf uef;jcif;apGjcif;axmifh,Gef;jcif;r&Sd&? oHunpf jzpfap? EGm;arG;pkwfjzpfap? unpfoGm;pkwfzsm;csí a&;jyD;rS roifhrumonf[lí ajrjzLESifh ryGwfracsapESifh? tif;jym;jzpfap? yef;aygif;tif;jzpfap? tif;a&; 1? ynm&SdykPÖm; 1? ynm&Sdtrwf 1? tif;a&;aomcgbwfí qdkrnfh t&d,moHCm 1? unpfpkwfoGm;csrnf (&Sd)aomcg tMunfht½SK &[ef;awmf 1? a&;om;jyD;vQif tu©&mocsFmppfí wnfwdkuf&rnf wynfh&[ef;awmf 1? tif;wjym;vQif ajcmufa,muf? tif;wuGufaphatmif? Munfh½SKMuyfrjyifqifí a&;ap&rnf/ q&mawmfwdkUudkvnf; jyefavQmuf&rnf/ A[dkpnfawmf? tdrf&Sifpnfawmf? "gwfwHcg; 4&yfpnfawmf? r*Fvmpnfawmf? xGufpnfawmf? 0ifpnfawmf? atmifpnfawmf? "gwf4&yf MuiSmef; 6&yf? MumiHktif; twGif;jyif? em&Dtif; 9&yf? wHwm;MuD;? wHcg;awmf t0ifwGif vuf,m vuf0Jxm; tif;twdkif; MumiHkay:pdkufí ewfc½dkifpD; wHcg;&Guf t½kyfa&Ta&;? eef;awmfrsufESmMuuf paom tvHk;pHkaom pD&if&efwdkUudk aphpyfaocsmatmifpD&if&rnf/ ouú&mZf 997ck e,Hkvqef; 4&ufaeU (9 May 1635) tifMuif;uefpm;&Gmom,mpm;wdkU jyefonfh trdefUawmf/ (rsdK;Munfh 1944? wufA[dk 45235? *efUa*g tHh ay) 225 9 May 1635 a&TjrdKUawmfwHcg;w&yfw&yfvQif tvkyftMuD;2 jrif;awmfonf 2pD? tdk;pMuD;1ESifh tonfuHauR; 40pD? ydokum 1? vuform; 5? oapö;teDorm; 1? yef;csD 4? tcsKyform; 4? yef;wdef 2? yef;wnf; 2? cwform; 2? wyfaumif;[ef 4pD? eef;uHauR;pma&; 1? usD0efpma&;1? ykPÖm; 2? ynm&Sd 1? oaX; 1? y&dwfawmf &GwfoHCm 8? uGrf;vufbufaoGmufpkjrif;pk a&Tyef;yef 2? qGrf;awmfjyif 4? y&dwfawmfem rif;om;aeUoifh 3? vly&dwfawmfem 8? wHaqmif;MuD; 2wyf ywfvnfMum,yfESifh 1pD;? vuf&Sdpnfawmfu 5yHkomESifh 1qdkif;pD? atmifxGef;wHcg;rSm ajr§mufpnfawmfpHk? ausmfbHkwHcg;rSm pnfeD7vHk;? yHkom1vHk;? jrefrmqdkif;jrefrmtu? wvdkif;qdkif;wvdkif;tuwdkUrSm yvmru&? pkvnfxHk; a&TuHk;qifí u&rnf/ ouú&mZf 997ck e,Hkvjynhfausmf 4&uf 0aeU (9 May 1635) a&Teef;jyó'fawmfpaom taqmifaqmifaom eef;udk odrf;awmfrloifhaMumif;udk ynm&SdwdkUavQmufaomaeU ra&mufrDwGif a&uefa&? jrpfa&wdkUudk rEÅmefawmf wdkUudk ref;aponf/ ykPÖm;awmfwdkUu c½koif; a&jzifh ywfapí aq;&onf/ ajreef;awmf&mZyv’ifa&SUwGif xD;jzLcHkESifh 2pif;? vufomcHkESifh xD;jzL 2pif;? ajrmuf'0,faqmifcHkESifh xD;jzL2pif;? taemufyGJwufaqmifcHkESifh xD;jzL2pif; zGifhonf/ eef;awmfa&SUa&SU½Hk;awmf taemufwGif yXro*Fg,em &[EÅm 500? 'kwd,o*Fg,em &[EÅm 500? wwd,o*Fg,em &[EÅm 1000 yXmef;qufonf/ (rsdK;Munfh 1944? wufA[dk 45235? *efUa*gtHh ay) 226 20 May 1635 ompnfqdyfodkUa&mufvQif a&TjrdKUawmfaoewfvkifwdkU a&TjrLwm aiGjrLwmrSpí a&awmfrsm;udk xrf;ydkufí pDpOfcif;&onf? vuf0Jvuf,m &mZrSwfiSufaysmyif wHaqmifa&tdk;pif ykqdk&rsm;qGJ? oJarGUMuJaomvrf;odkU a&SU½SKaeESifh&onf/ aemufvuf0Jvuf,m tmPmawmfom;wdkU vdkuf&onf/ onfaemuf ykPÖm;wdkUvuf0Jvuf,m vdkuf&onf/ onfaemuf a&TjrLwmvdkuf&onf/ onfhaemuf aiGjrLwmvdkuf&onf/ onfaemuftdk; pavmif;pHkvdkuf&onf? onfaemufzufuawmh pdrf;tkyfa&tdk;vdkuf&onf? onfaemuf ynm&Sd trwfwdkU vdkuf&onf? onfaemufpma&;awmfMuD; vdkuf&onf? onfaemuf 0efaxmufusdKif;jyif taqmifudkifESifh vdkuf&onf? onfaemuf pukusD0ef vkvifpnfESifh vdkuf&onf/ onfaemuf jrdKU0efvkvifpnfESifhvdkuf&onf? r*Fvmeef;awmfa&SUodkU a&mufvQif a&TjrKwm aiGjrLwmrsm;udk a&awmfr@yf waqmif;odkU oGif;&onf? tdk;acsmpavmif;pHkudk ES*oQEÅd waqmif;odkU oGif;&onf/ zufuawmhtkyfpHkwdkUudk &mZrwfwGif;odkU oGif;íxm;&onf/ rEÅefawmf a&ref;rnfaomcg 0wfoefUESifh t*sÐjzL py,fwifaygif;wkyfESifh a&rEÅefwaqmifodkU pk½Hk;&onf? pkyGJeDESifh ESD;acgufoifjzLcgom tkyfcif;í ewf&um cif;usif;&onf/ ewfryGJrD rEÅefwufawmfa&rsm;udk cepfzef (ckepf) Mudrfppfjyef&onf/ wa&mfjzLwa&mfodkU vSnfpm? tHkwHk? MumjrdK; 5yg; 0wfqH? eHUomeD? eHUomjzL? u&ruf? tausmf? oaigpr®mwdkUudk aygif;í wa&mfpdrfonf? wa&mf&nfudk 3Mudrfppfí jrLwmESifhxnfhonf/ a&rEÅefaqmifodkUwifí xm;jyD;rS ewf&umyGJonf/ atmifjcif;MuD;rEÅef? &efvGefMuD;rEÅef? bum;MuD;? oHusyfMuD;? ewfulMuD;? pufMuD; 3*gxm? Mumoa&acg? odMumtkyfaqmif;? odMumobl q,frsufESifhtcsKyf? twkv&mZoufawmf&Snf? &SifOyukyf? &efESdrf&efjydK? {[drdwå? OE´vHka>r&Sifawmf? orÁKa'¨*gxm? yo0dZ,rEÅef? earmoHaumH? ucoHaumHrEÅefwdkUudk wnDwnGwfwnf; tMudrftacgufrsm;pGm &Gwfref;&onf? vTwfawmf0efMuD; 1? 0efaxmH 1/ 227 20 May 1635 bkef;awmftvGefMuD;jrwfawmfrlvSaom toQifb0&Sif rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; trdefYawmf&Sdonf/ jrpfMuD;ig;pif; jrpfi,fig;&m r[mork'´&m yifv,fudk apmifhaom? a&ewfrif;rPdarCvmewforD;? ouú&mZf 997ck e,Hkvqef; 15&uf0aeU (20 May 1635) 2csufwD;ausmf 5em&D 2ygwf 10ADZemjynfhvQif oMuFefawmfac:awmfrlrnfjzpfí a&,lvSmaponf/ ewfrif; ewforD;wdkUtm; vnf; ylZmfawmfjzifh wdkifMum;aponf/ oMuFefawmf a&ay;jrJ ay;í a&cyfvSmap onfh olwdkUudk aqmif,lap? omoemawmfjrwf pD;yGm;? udk,fawmfjrwfpD;yGg;? om;awmftpnf ajr;awmftquf jrpfawmftnGefU tEG,fwdkUpD;yGm;? jynfolvlwumwdkUpD;yGm;? cdkifjzD;jcif; pnfyifjcif;udk aqmifawmfrlonf/ tvdk&Sdwdkif; cyf,lap&rnf/ a&apmifhewf rPdarCvmewfwdkUudk jyefonfh trdefUawmf/ a&awmfcyfrSmvnf; a&TavSmfum;awmfwGif a&TjrLwmwifonf? ykPÖm; tem; 0g0wf&Spfa,mufpvG,fESifh c½koif;jzifh a&cyf&onf/ a&tdk;udk cHkESifh avSmfum;wGifwifonf/ 4if;vufopfavSmfum;awmfwGif a&TjrLwm 4if;enf;wl ykPÖm;vdkuf&onf/ 4if;om&ydrSefavSmfum;awmfwGif tdk;acsmpavmif;pHk 18wifonf/ 4if;vufopfwGif bufpdrf;uawmh tkyftdk;jypf 180 vHk;wifonf/ rEÅefawmfudk Murfrvdkuf&onf? jrdKUa&SU ompnfqdyfwGif avSabmifESifhqdkif; twD;tu pnfawmfpHkwifonf/ avSawmfaumif;avSmfavSav;pif; ompnf qdyfu pD;qif;&onf/ ynm&SdwdkUavSmfum;vufoifrSm cGJívdkuf&onf/ axmifav;&yfrSL;wdkUrSm avmif;i,fav;pif;ESifh MudK;MudrftpktmPmawmfom;wdkU vdkuf&onf/ ompnfqdyfu tnmodkUqefí wac:avmufa&mufrSpí &efatmifjrifqdyfudk &atmif wHk;armif;ESJc&mpnfawmfwD;í ul;&onf/ &efatmifjrifqdyfodkU a&mufvQif jrpfapmifhewfwdkUudk wdkifMum;í a&cyf&onf/ a&cyfaomtcg jA[®efwdkUa&oaE¨*gxmudk&Gwfapí c½koif;jzifh a&cyf&onf? a&TjrLwm aiGjrLwmtdk; acsmrsm; a&ppfcHí c½koif;jzifh jynfhatmifavmif; &onf/ a&jynfvQif tnmodkUqefí twD;trSKwftpHkwjydKifeufwD;apí ta&SUbufuRef;OD;udk vSefí ul;jyD;rSompnfqdyfodkU ul;&onf/ 228 20 May 1635 twGif;0ef 1? usD0ef 1? a&Twdkuf0ef 1apmifhaeMunfh½I&onf? rEÅefawmf&Gwfref; jyD;vQif vly&dwfawmf&GwfwdkU 0ef;&Hí rif;udk,fcsnfESifhuGif;? bD;awmf qHawmfusyfawmfxdkifjynfuvmrfMuKyfcGufyefydkUawmf 0wfvJawmftjzLrsm;udk uvyfESifhxnfhí y&dwfawmf&Gwf&onf/ (pudkif; cifruefwdkuf yk&ydkuf 55) 229 30 May 1635 bkef;awmftvGefMuD;jrwfawmfrlvSaom toQifb0&Sifrif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; trdefUawmf&Sdonf/ a&T0jrdKUMuD;onf oHk;oef;jyK xD;aqmif;eef;aewdkUom pHawmf rlonf/ crnf;awmfbk&m;vnf; ouú&mzf 990 0gacgifvjynfhausmf 11&uf5aeU (15 August 1628) jyKpkawmfrlonf/ xD;aqmif;eef;ae {u&mZf rif;jrwfwdkUü tvdk&SdvQif tvG,f&atmif vufeufud&d,m&JavSuwåL&Juif; avmif;rSpí atmifpnfatmifvHwydk;qifujrif;u 'dkif;umvTm;qdkonfrsm;onf xD;aqmif;jynfaxmifrif;wdkUü trsm;&Sdoifhonf/ crnf;awmfbk&m; aemifawmf bk&m;vufxufawmfwGif 2aomif;ausmfrQom&Sdonf/ ppfa&;rif;rSK&Sdí cGJa0 cefUxm; ay;tyfvQif wwyfudk w&mpDrQyg&ef r&Sdjzpfonf/ igvufxufawmf wGif t&yf&yfodkU tanmif;awmfajy a'oZm&DvSnfhawmfrlvQif vufeufud&d,m &JavSuwåLuif;avmif; trsm;&SdrS cefUxm;avmufrnfjzpfaomaMumifh? aoewf 100000? tajrmuf 10000? av; 500000? (&J)avS 5000? uwåL 1000? uif;avmif 5000? um 50000? vTm 50000cefU &SdaponfjzpfrS oifhrnfjzpfaomaMumifh ,ckppfrSKrufrSKndrf0yfonftcdkuf &JavS? uwåL uif;avmif;? aoewf? tajrmuf? av;? 'dkif;? vTm;? umtvkwfawmf oifh&efrsm;udk vkyfaqmifpD&if? t&yf&yfjrdKUpm;&Gmpm;wdkUudk wyfrSL;tuGyftMuyf oifhoolwdkUudk&ef? aomif;wyfAdkvf? axmifwyfAdkvf? &mwyfAdkvf? rif;om;trwf wdkUudk vnf; a&G;cs,f&efxm;í toifh&Sdap&rnf? 0efwdkUpD&if/ ouú&mZf 997ckESpf e,Hkvjynfhausmfq,f&ufaeU (30 May 1635) pajrmifrSL;xkwfí vTwfwGifjyefonfh trdefUawmf/ (rsdK;Munfh 1944? wufA[dk 45235) 230 30 May 1635 bkef;awmftvGefMuD;jrwfawmfrlvSaom toQifb0&Sif rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; trdefUawmf&Sdonf/ ouú&mZf 992ck(1630) txGwftjrwfodkU a&mufawmfrl onf/ [Hom0wDaejynfawmfü ouúrwJawmfwGif &mZbdaoucHawmfrlonfrS pí ouú&mZf 997ck e,Hkvjynfhausmf4&uf 0aeU (24 May 1630-5) uonf7ckwdkif toHk;awmf wESpfvQif csdefusyfocsFmrnfrQ? ykqdk;zsifcgomom vlrSpí tkyfrsdK;xnfrsdK; 12vwGif wvwvudk oHk;uHkpm&if;awmfvTwfrSpí a&SU½Hk;? aemuf½Hk;? 0if;½Hk;? w&m;½Hk;? &Sifrdbk&m; 0eftdrftMuD; twGif;0ef 0efpk&jrif;MuD; 'dkif;rSL; pma&; pmcsD jrdKU&Gm pcsDpjrif uvHoHjyif ajrwdkif; ajrxdef;udk;oef;rSL; &Spfoef;rSL; av;aomif;rSL; awmifbufwdkufrSL; ajrmufbufwdkufrSL; ausmfpnfwdkufrSL; taemufbufwdkufrSL;wdkUrSpí b@mawmfquf&SdorQv,f,mudkif;uRef; qdyfwnfyGJuif;ul;wdkU uRefacgif;uRJ (0if)EGm;jrD;? uRJEGm;jrif;0ifqifaovSnf;OD;cGef O,nfcGef rD;awmufcGef qDqHk opf&if; tif;xHk; acsmif;qnfrSpí ppfaMumodrf;ydkufa&;om; rSwfcsuf txGuft0ifpD&iforQrsm;ESifh qufonfhvufaqmifwGif t&mawmfw0ufxm;½dk; pm;½dk;7Sdonfrsm;udk 0efwdkUrodavm? igtoQif b0&Sifrif;w&m;MuD;wGif uRefawmfrsdK;wdkUu qufonfwifonf vufaqmifrsm;onf eef;wGif;odkU0ifí quf½dk;wif½dk; r&Sd? cefUawmfrlonf0efwdkUrSmwufonfh vufaqmifwGif w0ufudk t&mawmfqufí w0ufudk pD&ifolwdkU pm;jrJtpnfxHk;pH&Sdonf/ aomVojynfMuD;rsm;rSpí oa&acwå&maygufum&mr oHo,jynf jrifqdkif; yef;,ru©&m ppfudkif; tif;0a&S;wnfxm;í xD;eef;pdkufaqmufonf jrdKUMuD;wdkif;MuD;rsm;uyiftpnfpma[mif;&Sdí bdk;awmfqifjzL&Sif rif;w&m;MuD; vufxufuonf crnf;awmfbk&m; aemifawmfbk&m;wdkif a&T0jrdKUMuD;wGif tif;uspm&if;us a&Twdkufawmftpnf pm&if;&Sdonf/ pma[mif;pmwrf;ESifhtnD t&mawmfESifhpyforQudk pD&ifolwdkUonf tdrfwGif cHkorwfwdkUu wvvQif vqef;1&ufaeUudkqufap/ pm&if;awmfudk a&T(eef;)pma&;u rSwfom;ap? a&Teef;pma&;rSm aus;&Gmoem;awmfudk rcH&av? 231 30 May 1635 rSwfpk? pm;pkcH&oolwdkUu t0wfwHqmwdkUudk aiG&GHeD 5day;ap/ b@mawmfrsm;udkvnf; qdkifoifh&mwdkufawmfusawmfrSm oGif;ap? usDawmf0efu wdkufawmf1vQif aMumif 10? usDawmf1vQif aMumif 20? tpmauR;&ef wvudk qef 1Fwefonf 2Fwefomf tifudkaxmufí wdkufom;wdkU cH,lvQif ay;&rnf/ 12vQif oHk;awmfrlí uHkonfhb@mawmfa&;rSwf&ool wdkUrSm wESpfwESpf(vQif) awmif;onfh t&yf&yfjrdKU&Gmuay;&onfh aMu;aiGudk oHk;vQif uHkonfusefonfrnfrQ? wESpfuusL;íoHk;onf? xdkESpfwGif awmif;í &onft&maMu;aiGtHkxHk tkyf&Spfwrmap; oa&rD;aoG;rSpí awmif;orQonf t&mwdkUudk oHk;Edkifonf roHk;Edkifonf usef 232 30 May 1635 tpktief;ul;oef;í rxrf;r&GufapESifh? taemuf0efwGifom qdkif&mcefUxm; xrf;&Gufap? wpkuonfwpkodkU ul;oef;xrf;&GuforQonf pD&ifoolwdkUrSm ndrf0wfEdkifonfr[kwf? cefUawmfrl&if;twdkif; tcsm;rem;ap&? tiftm;udk axmufí tedrfhtjrifh trSKawmfudk xrf;uHkEdkifatmif aqmfbefcefUxm;&rnf? wa,mufomwa,mufem r&SdapESifh? a&Teef;awmftpOf xHk;pHpmwrf;pma[mif; a&Twdkufawmfpm&if;ustif;us taemuf0ef pD&ifcsuf 40wGifom taemuf0efwdkU pD&if/ taemuf0efqdkonfht&monf a&Teef;awmfwGif taemufESifh pyforQ tMurf;tEk t&m&mrsdK;wdkUudk aeUnnfhstvdkawmf&SdvQif cefUxm;pD&if&onf jzpfonf/ pD&ifpkvlwdkUudk tyfawmfrl&if; pm&if;udk aphikpifMu,fatmif ppfaMumí rnfonfhtpkqdkvQif yk&ydkufxuf0efpma&;wdkUudk a&;om;apí aq;'gef;[if;oywm;ESifh Z,m;wifap? taemuf0efpma&;MuD;wdkUu vTwfrSm qufoGif;ap&rnf/ t&yf&yfO,Ofawmfrsm;rSm pma&;MuD;wdkUu quf½dk;oGif;½dk; opfoD;opfyGifhrSpí t&m&mrsdK;wdkUudkvnf; tpnfxHk;wGifom qufoGif;ap/ usD0efusDpma&;wdkUu csdK;onfh u½dkUrsm;wGif ydkvQHqifhuJ rcsdK;rrSwfapESifh/ tyifwGif tyGifhtoD;wdkUudk jriforQwGifom oifhwifhawmfavsmfatmif t&mawmf rysuf&toHk;awmf tvdkawmfrSDatmif qufoGif;ap? twGif;0ef r[moD&d"r®uem;cHwdkUwGifjyefjrJjyef&rnf/ ouú&mZf 99(7)ck e,Hkvjynfhausmf10&ufaeU (30 May 1635) vTwfwGifajymhMuD;rSL;jyefonfh trdefUawmf/ (rsdK;Munfh 1944) 233 30 May 1635 r[m'gef0efpma&;wdkUrSm uyÜdv0wfjynf? a'0'[jynf? &mZj*dKvfjynf? a0omvDjynf? ygwvdykwfjynfrSpí aomVojynfMuD;rsm;u omoemawmf wGif;ü wnfxm;onfh apwDykxdk; *lvdkif ½kwfxkausmif;awmfrsm;wGif tvSLawmf pmausmufpmarmfuGef;ordkif;vufpGJ e,fedrdwfausmufwdkifewfuGef; opfyif opf½dk;uefoif; tjcm;tem; (&SdjrJjzpfonf) xdkrSwyg; ayguúHjrifpdkif; ppfudkif; yef;, &wemyl& a&T0jrdKUMuD;wGif pdk;tkyfonf xD;aqmif;{u&mZf rif;jrwfwdkU wnfxm;aom aumif;rSKawmfrsm;wGif 0w¬KuH rdk;ajrausmufwdkif e,fedrdwf paom tydkif;tjcm;twGif;wGif y,faygif;rsdK;0ifrsm;ESifh rnfonfhtpkom; 0ifvkyf&onf/ ausmif;oHCdubk&m; oHCduvlwdkU tquftEG,fwdkU vkyf& onf/ t&mwdkU rnfonf 0w¬KuHodef;wdkUu odrf;cHonf? ausmif;bk&m;udk jyifvkyfonf/ b@mawmfudk a&mif;csaomufpm;í pD;yGm;jyKonf/ aqGrsdK;wum wdkUtm; ay;tyfonfh t&mrsm;wdkUudk 0efpma&;MuD;wdkUu ppfaMumap? ppfaMumí &onfhpm&if;udk 0efwdkUuoGif;/ ausmif;bk&m;oHCduvla&S;rif;wdkU a&Tu&m;jzifh a&pufoGef;í a&puf rnfodkUcsívSLonf/ ESKwfjzifhvSLonf/ apívSLonfh t&mrsm;udkvnf; ppfaMumap&onf/ pm&if;udk 0efwdkUuoGif;/ (ouú&mZf 997ck e,kefvjynfhausmf10&uf) aeU (30 May 1635) trdefUawmf/ (rsdK;Munfh 1944? wufA[dk 45235) 234 30 May 1635 bkef;awmftvGefMuD;jrwfawmfrlvSaom toQifb0&Sif rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; trdefUawmf&Sdonf/ &mZbdaou aour[mbdaou cHawmfrlonfrSpí ESpfopf 0g0if0guRwf trSKawmfrsm;ESifh tvdkawmf&Sdonf toHk;awmf&efrsm;wGif tHkwHk? tkyf&Spf? vJ0g? oa&? rD;aoG;? wrmap;rSpí xHk;? ajreD? [if;oywm;? oapö;? aq;? qHk? toHk;awmfrsm;wGif toHk;pma&; i,fwdkUu cefUxm;awmif; qdkí oHk;onfht&mrsm;wGif wvudk rnfrQoHk;uHk pm&if;rsm;udk rrSwfrom;apavm? rSwfom;onfh t&mwdkUudk wvvQif rnfrQ toHk;awmfuHk onf? awmif;onfhtwdkif; roHk;Edkifusef 235 30 May 1635 odrf;cHap/ 0efwdkUpD&if/ (ouú&mZf 997ck e,kefvjynfhausmf 10&ufaeU) (30 May 1635)s trdefUawmf/ (rsdK;Munfh 1944? wufA[dk 45235) 236 30 May 1635 bkef;awmftvGefMuD;jrwfawmfrlvSaom toQifb0&Sif rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; trdefUawmf&Sdonf/ a&SU0if;rSL;vuf,m&EÅrdwf? aemuf0if;rSL;vuf,maZ,oMuø vuf0J0if;rSL; vuf0J&EÅrdwf? vuf,m0if;rSL; eE´oD&dausmfxifwdkUrSm 0if;awmf av;&yfwGif 'dkif;rSL;wyfrSL;aoewfrSL; aumif[efrSL; &Srf;pkMuD; udk,f&Hawmf tMuD;acgif;t0ef; taqmfwdkUonf crnf;awmfbk&m;vufxuf aemifawmf bk&m;vufxuf ighvufxufawmfa&mufESpfrsm;pGm &Sdonf/ wESpfvQif a,musfm;rdr®rnfrQyGm;onf rnfrQavsmhonf rnfrQa&Smifonf rnfrQ[ef; owif;oHk; rpGrf;tdkuRefpm&if;rsm;udk odomatmif ppfaMumí avQmuf? a&Twdkuf pm&if;rSmvHk;íom&Sdonf/ cGJpkta&twGuf taotcsm wESpfvQif yGm;onf avsmhonfudk rodomjzpfonf/ wESpfvQif 12vjzpfí yGg;aMumif;avsmhaMumif; udk pm&if;ESifh oGif;ap? tpkpk 0efpma&;cefUawmfrlonf/ cefUawmfrlonfh 0efpma&;wdkurSmvnf; 0if;rSK; wdkUenf; ppfaMumí oGif;ap/ 0efwdkUpD&if/ (ouú&mZf 997ck e,kefvjynfhausmf 10&ufaeU) (30 May 1635) trdefUawmf/ (rsdK;Munfh 1944? wufA[dk 45235) 237 30 May 1635 bkef;awmftvGefMuD;jrwfawmfrlvSaom toQifb0&Sif rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; trdefUawmf&Sdonf/ 0if;awmf4&yfwGif w0if;wGif pm;pk 50ausmf&Sdonf/ trSKxrf; uRefawmfrsdK; tpkpk0efwdkU pD&ifonf trSKxrf;wdkUudk crnf;awmf bk&m;aemifawmfbk&m;vufxufawmf aeajrvkyfajr pm;ajr oem;awmfrlonfh t&mrsm;onf wdrfjrKufonf rvkyfEdkifí vGwfvyfonf ausmif;bk&m; pmoif 0wfrsm;onf rif;pm;ajrodkU 0ifonf rif;pm;ajronfausmif;bk&m;ajrodkU0ifí tul;toef; r&Sif;rvif; &Sdavonf t&mrsm;onf rif;{u&mZfwdkUESifh qefUusifbufjzpfaom trSKjzpfonf/ oefU&Sif;aponfjzpfrS odomrnf jzpfaomaMumifh &efwkyÜ (rsdK;Munfh 1944? wufA[dk 45235) 238 30 May 1635 bkef;awmftvGefMuD;jrwfawmfrlvSaom toQifb0&Sif rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; trdefUawmf&Sdonf/ jrdKU0efjrdKUpma&; axmifrSL;axmifpcsD t0ef;i,fom;wdkUrSm ajro,fajrbdkUrSpí qGrf;awmfauR; t&yf&yfcefUxm;onf wuGufwGif wtdrfudk wvvQif toHk;awmf&ef cefUxm;aqmfbefonf rnfrQqif;&Jom; wdkU xrf;&Guf&onfudk t&yftuGufacgif;tMuD;taqmfwdkU ppfaMumí ay;onf pm&if; toHk;pm&if;wdkUudk wvwGif rnfrQ wESpfa&mufvQif rnfrQukefaMumif; roHk;Edkifusef (rsdK;Munfh 1944? wufA[dk 45235) 239 30 May 1635 ajrmufbufjrif;? awmifbufjrif;? jrdKUygjrif; oif;MuD;jrif;? ausmufaqmufjrif;? yk*Hjrif;? &if;eufjrif;rSpí wdkif0ifjrif;pk pm;ajr? vkyfajr? aeajr&yfESifh toD;oD;&Sdonf/ jrif;pkMuD;wdkU 0ifxGufaygif;&Sufí rxrf;r&GufapESifh/ oD;oD;jcm;jcm; a&S;xHk;pH&Sdonfhtwdkif; wdkifol&if;ESifhxrf;ap/ jrif;ajrwGif vkyfaqmiforQudk jrif;pD;wdkUupm;ap? ajrrSm bdkUawmfcGefawmfjzpfonf/ qdkif&may;ap? jrif;ajr0ef[lí tjcm;r&SdapESifh/ qdkif&mxrf;ap? 0efwdkUpD&if/ (ouú&mZf 997ck e,kefvjynfhausmf 10&uf) (30 May 1635) aeU trdefUawmf/ (rsdK;Munfh 1944? wufA[dk 45235) 240 30 May 1635 twGif;0efpD&ifeuf jyif0efpD&ifeuf oD;jcm;cefUawmfrlonf/ jrdKU0efudkvnf; oD;jcm;cefUxm;onfht&mudk ul;oef;í pD&ifonfht&mrsm;vnf; crnf;awmf bk&m; aemifawmfbk&m;vufxufawmfuonf igtoQifb0&Sifrif;w&m;MuD; bk&m;vufxufawmfwdkif pD&ifeufwGif;om pD&if&rnfudk twGif;uvnf;jyifodkU ul;oef;onf/ jyifuvnf; twGif;odkU ul;oef;onf? twGif;jyif pD&ifpkwGifom oD;jcm;cefUxm;onfhtwdkif; pD&if? jrdKU0efrSm ta&SUjrdKUopf? awmifwufao;0ef yawh? taemufwy,f? ajrmufca&wGif;om &mZ0wfrSK rSeforQudk ppfaMum pD&ifap?twGif;0efwdkUrSmvnf; jrdKU0efpD&ifeufudk ul;oef;í rpD&ifom? cefUawmf rlonfhtwdkif; qdkif&mudkompD&if? jrdKUawmfwHcg; 9&yfrSL;wdkUudk aeUnnfhi,fom; ESifh wHcg;awmfwGif; apmifhawxrf;&GufxGufap/ 0efwdkUuqdkif&mqdk/ (ouú&mZf 997ck e,kefvjynfhausmf10&uf)aeU (30 May 1635) trdefUawmf/ (rsdK;Munfh 1944? wufA[dk 45235) 241 30 May 1635 obifawmftpk trSKxrf;wdkUrSm rnfonfh tpkrqdk tdrfoifhí arG;jriforQom; a,musfm;udk uRefpkrSmxrf;ap/ rdr®jrifvQif t&Sifrdbk&m; pnfwD;rSmxrf;ap? axmifcsifrSpí 9pkom;wdkUrSm rdvdkufbygjzpfap? 9pkom;wdkUESifh ighom;awmf ajr;jrpfawmfoGm;vm&mwGif arG;jrifonfh om;qdk;wdkUudk rif;nDrif;om;(rif;)aqG (pdk;)rsdK; rqdkapESifh? obifawmfodkUomygap? obifawmfpk r[kwfonfudk 0ifxGuful;oef;í rxrf;apESifh? qdkif&muESKwfap? iifap? obifawmfpk 9pkom;t0ifjzpfvQuf jrifh&mwufí xrf;&Gufonf/ rxrf;&GufapESifh/ obifawmfpk 9pkom;rSmomxrf;ap? igtoQifb0&Sifrif;w&m;MuD;bk&m;om oem;awmfrlí obifawmfpk 9pkom;wdkUudkESKwfawmfrlonf/ trdefUawmf ygaomfvnf; jrifh&modkUwufí rxrf;apESifh? tpk&if;rSmomxrf;ap/ (ouú&mZf 997ck e,kefvjynfhausmf10&uf)aeU (30 May 1635) trdefUawmf/ (rsdK;Munfh 1944? wufA[dk 45235) 242 30 May 1635 t&yf&yfjrdKU&GmwGif ewfxdef;oMum;xdef;wdkUrSm ewfoMum;uGef; wHaqmif; raumif;vQif jyifvkyf&ef a&S;{u&mZfrif;jrwfwdkU oem;awmfrlonfh ajry,fe,fuRJ&Snf;wdkifwdkUudk rnfolvkyfonf/ odMum;ewfwdkUudk tpOftquf xdef;½dk;om;ajr;qufcHxdef;odrf;onf? rqdkifonfhtpku0ifí xdef;odrf;onfh t&mrsm;udk olMuD;ajrwdkif; pcsDpjrifwdkUudkppf? ppfcsufxGufonfht&mwdkUudk igodawmfrlomatmif oGif;ap? 0efwdkUupD&if/ taemuf0efpD&ifeuftpkom;wdkUrSm wpkuonfwpkodkU ul;oef;í xrf;&GufaMumif;udk a&em;awmfMum;awmfrlonf/ taemuf0efwdkUpD&if&onfh t&mwGif tpk40teufjrifhonfrQonf edrfhonfoHk;pkuGJavonf/ edrfh&mu onfjrifh&modkU rwufom? jrifh&mu edrfh&modkU roufom? ESpfaMumif;&SdonfwGif eef;wGif;ü romrSK&SdvQif qifuyfap? oli,fawmftavmif;xm;onfhatmufajr u apmifhae&onf/ tpktdrfomawmfapmifh wrsufacs;usHK; vlpkwdkUonf jrifh&modkU rwuf&jzpfonf/ pma&;MuD;wdkU ppfaMumap? taemuf0efwdkU pD&ifeufwGif tjrifhtvwf tedrfh&Sdavonf/ wpkuonf wpkodkU ul;oef;í rxrf;apESifh/ 0efwdkUu taemuf0efwdkUudkqdk? oefUonfhpm&if;wdkUudk oGif;ap/ 0efwdkUpD&if/ ajreef;awmfapmifh? wdkufapmifh? usDapmifh? jyó'fawmfapmifh? jAJwdkuf apmifh? vTwfapmifh? ½Hk;apmifhrSpí t&yf&yftapmifha&SmufwdkUudk rnfonfurQ rESKwfr,lapESifh? cefUawmfrl&if;twdkif;wnfap/ oif;wdkUudk bdk;awmfbk&m; crnf;awmfbk&m; aemifawmfbk&m;ay;csoem;awmfrlonfh t&yf&yfwGif vkyfajraeajrtydkif;tjcm;rSwfom;í ay;csonfhtwdkif; vkyfaqmifí trSKawmf udk xrf;ap/ 0efwdkUpD&if/ a&T0jrdKUawmfaoewf? ajreef;awmfaoewf? wHwm;OD;aoewf? b&ifcsD aoewf? oli,fawmfaoewf tpkom;wdkUudk a&awmfcyfrsm;rSm a&tdk;ydkufap? igxGufawmfrlvQif a&SUaemufvuf0Jvuf,mxGufawmfrl&mwGif aoewfpGJudkifí vdkufap? oif;wdkUudk crnf;awmfbk&m;vufxufaemifawmfbk&m;vufxuf ae&yfay;csawmfrlonfh t&yfwGifomaeap? ae 243 30 May 1635 csif&m&m raeapESifh? oif;wdkUwGif ruHí wjrdKUw&Gmyg;,m;onf vlwdkUrSm rdk;aygufrMuD;MuD;&m aeonfvkyftdkifpcsif(&Sd&m) aeonf t&yfwGif&Sdí vkyfpm;&vQif jrdKUrSK&Gm0efudk 37d 2HcGJ pkaMu;udk xrf;ap? udkomaeí vkyfpusif;r&SdvQif vGwfap? txuf&wemyl&wGif pdk;tkyfpHaeaom {u&mZfrif; jrwfwdkU vufxufawmf vkyfajrpm;ajray;csoem;awmfrlonfh aoewftpkom; wdkUrSm a&S;tpOft½dk; &Sdonfhtwdkif; vkyfpm;í trSKawmfudk xrf;&Gufap/ aoewf0ef pma&;wdkUudk ac:qdkí pm&if;wifvQifoGif;? 0efwdkUpD&if/ (ouú&mZf 997ck e,kefvjynfhausmf 10&uf)aeU (30 May 1635) trdefUawmf/ (rsdK;Munfh1944? wufA[dk 45235) 244 2 June 1635 bkef;awmftvGefMuD;jrwfawmfrlvSaom toQifb0&Sif rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; trdefUawmf&Sdonf/ ulcef;MuD;jrdKU? tjrifhjrdKU? tdrfa&SUawmfygwy,if;jrdKUrsm;wGif rdk;n§if;rif;w&m;vufxuf &Spfaomif;rSL; av;aomif;rSL; udk;oef;rSL; &Sdonf/ aemuf&Srf;wdkU&&mwGif ygavonfESifh rcefUrxm; cifrdk;n§if; rif;w&m; ewf&GmpHawmfrlonf/ aemuftquftvSrf;wdrfjrKyfonfhtwdkif; owdk;rif;apm vufxuf ulcef;jrdKU &Spfaomif;rSL; tjrifhjrdKU av;aomif;rSL; wy,if;jrdKU udk;oef;rSL; cefUawmfrlonfwGif ab;awmfrif;MuD;pGmapmfuJvufxuf t½dk;udk t&GufrzHk;apESifh tpnft½dk;om;ajr; tEG,ftqufudk jrdKUolMuD; ajrwdkif; pcsDpjrifi,fwdkUudk ppf&rnf t½dk;tpOftquftEG,frSefrS cefUxm;apjyefonfh trdefUawmfudk a&TwdkufawmfwGif awGUonf? 0efwdkUu ppfaMumí odawmfrlom atmifoGif;/ ouú&mZf 997ck e,Hkvjynfhausmf 13&ufaeY (2 June 1635) jyefonfhtrdefUawmf/ (rsdK;Munfh 1944? wufA[dk 45235) 245 8 June 1635 &Spfaomif;rSL;av;aomif;rSL;udk;oef;rSL;wdkU tquftEG,f wdrfjrKyf&mwGif rdk;n§if;rif;w&m;om; rif;&JausmfpGmrSpí a&Teef;aMumh&Sifwdkif trSL;&Sdonf/ aemufwdrfjrKyfavonfjzpfí rnfol&Spfaomif;rSL;tquf? rnfolav;aomif;rSL; tquf? rnfoludk;oef;rSL; tqufwdkUudk bk&m;uRefawmfwdkU pmwef;pm&if; r&Sdyg xGufqdkonfhtwdkif; 0efwdkU pm&if;oGif;&mrSm aoGmufpkjrif;awmfonf wdkUudk cefUí MuD;rSL;pD&if/ ouú&mZf 997ck 0gqdkvqef; 5&ufaeU (8 June 1635) jyeftrdefYawmf/ (rsdK;Munfh 1944) 246 8 June 1635 r[meE´pnfol? r[meE´oMuøwdkUoGif;onfh ppfcsufwGif ul;cef;MuD; jrdKUolMuD; oa&yknmajrwdkif oa&&mZm pcsDr[meefol pjrif r[morefwdkUudk ouú&mZf 997ck 0gqdkvqef; 3&ufaeU ppfaomful;cef;MuD; jrdKUudk oD&d"r®maomurif; wnfonf zvHuH ykvJcsm;wdkufrSpí ok0efrif;aeonfhumv prÜme*dk&f jrdKUwGifonf/ qif,ifonf rdw¬DvmjrdKU acsmif;qHkMuD;onf prÜme*dk&fjrdkU bl;qdyfudk qifhqdkonf/ ul;cef;udk ul;cef;MuD;qdkonf/ wefywdoGif;aom t&mudk wefMuD;oGif;qdkonf/ ul;cef;jrdKUwGif &Spfaomif;rSL;qdkaom t&mum; y,fajra&cGefqnfajrmif; wufouf vkyfaqmiforQwdkUudk 8aomif;rSL; jrdKUwGif;wGifaeí ppfaMumpD&ifonf? tcGefcsifaomtcg jrdKUolMuD; ajrwdkif pcsDpjrif &Spfaomif;rSL;ESifh wnDwnGwfwnf;csif&onf/ tpm;taomufrSm tjcm;jzpfonf/ &Spfaomif;rSL; tqufaysmufysufonfhumv rdk;n§if;rif;w&m; vufxufawmf wdrfjrKyfavonfESifh rxifr&Sm; jzpfonfxGufqdkonf/ 4if;tjrifhjrdKUolMuD; r[mormajrwdkif; oa&&mZmpcsDorEÅausmf pjrif0wåemwdkUudk ppf&mwGif tjrifhjrdKUonf upnfjrdKU aynifjrdKU urf;jrifhjrdKU wGifaom a0ó0wDESifh oD&d"r®m aomurif;aeonfh urf;jrifhjrdKUu ygwvdykyÜ yl&jrdKUrSm eef;wufonf/ a&S;t½dk;tpnfpmwGif av;aomif;rSL;onf yGefrSpí ysnfwHwm; pdkufxm;orQwdkUudk y,fwGife,fwGifa&aomufvkyf,laqmiforQ uRJ &Snf v,f,mwdkUudk ppfaMumrSwfom; pD&if&onf/ jrdKUolMuD; ajrwdkifpcsDpjrif wdkUESifh tcGefcsif&onf/ pm;pkaomufpkrSm oD;oD;jcm;jcm; pm;aomufMuonf/ av;aomif;rSL;tquftEG,f t½dk;tpnfom;ajr;oaX; iausmfa0onf owdk;rif;apmvufxuf av;aomif;rSL;onf r&Sdaemuf t0onf qifaeusm; atmif;jzpfí wdrfjrKyfonfxGufqdkonf/ 4if;wy,if;jrdKUolMuD; aZ,bwå&m ajrwdkif oa&0wåempcsD orEÅol pjrif aZwydkvfwdkUudk ppf&mwGif oHo,jynfu owdk; 0&oufwdkU tEG,fowdk;rif;zsm; &wemyljrdKU jyKpk&mwGif wy,if;jrdKUü udk;oef;rSL;cefUonf/ rif;MuD;pGmapmfuJ w&zsm;nD yxrrif;acgifom; oD[olom; 247 8 June 1635 rif;vSi,f uav;aus;awmifndK rdk;n§if;rif;w&m;wdkif wy,if;jrdKUwGif udk;oef;rSL;aeonf v,fwmacsmif;wm vkyfaqmiforQwdkUudk rSwfom; pD&ifonf/ tcGefawmfoGif;aomcg jrdKUolMuD; ajrwdkif pcsDpjrifudk;oef;rSL;wdkU rsufESmnDcsifoGif;&onf/ pm;pkaomufpkrSm oD;oD;jcm;jcm;jzpfygonf xGufqdk onf/ &Spfaomif;rSL; av;aomif;rSL; udk;oef;rSL;wdkU tquftEG,f wdrfjrKyf&m wGif rdk;n§if;rif;w&m;om; rif;&JausmfpGmrSpí a&Teef;aMumh&SifwdkU trSL;&Sdonf/ aemufwdrfjrKyfí aeavonfjzpfí rnfol &Spfaomif;rSL;tqufrnfol av;aomif;rSL;tquf rnfol udk;oef;rSL;tqufudk bk&m;uRefawmfwdkUwGif pmwrf;pm&if; r&Sdyg xGufqdkonfhtwdkif; pmoGif;&mrSm aoGmufpkjrif;awmfonf wdkUudk cefUí rSL;MuD;pD&ifap/ ouú&mZf 997ck 0gqdkvqef;5&ufaeU (8 June 1635) jyefonfh trdefUawmf/ (wufA[dk 45235) 248 8 June 1635 bkef;awmftvGefMuD;jrwfawmfrlvSaom toQifb0&Sif rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; trdefUawmf&Sdonf/ rif;aumif;rif;jrwfonf avmuewfjzpf\/ b,fodkU avmuewfvnf;[lrl rif;\ toufwnfoa&GU jynfolwdkU\ touf&Snf oa&GUü xdkodkUaom rif;onf udk,f\ pD;yGm;? jynfolvl&[ef;wdkU\ pD;yGm;? omoemawmf\ pD;yGm;? rif;\tpnftquf pD;yGm;&SdaMumif;udk tusdK;aqmif \/ b,fodkUtusdK;aqmifonfvnf;[lrlum; &efa0;jcif;? rk'def;xm;jycdk;ol raygufEdkifjcif;? wudkwa,mufEdkifxufpdk;uJ? vQyfpm;aygufpm; rpGJvrf;apjcif;? vufaqmifiJhjcif;? wHpdk;pm;jcif;? igavQmufrnfigvJrnf tusdK;&Sdpdrfhrnf ighbdkUxm;[lí olqif;&Jtm; yGwfpm;jcif;? tusdK;taMumif; &Sdayaom olwa,mufudktcg wyg;jzifh tusdK;udkodrf;jcif;? tjypfudk aqmifaom *kPfaus;Zl; r&SdbJ twwfoifonf[lí tusdK;udk aqmif\ csD;ajr§muf\/ ygPmwdygwm olUtoufudk owfjcif;? t'dE´'gef? olUOpömudkcdk;0Sufjcif;? umarok? olUr,m;udk zsufqD;jcif;? rkom0g'? rrSefaom pum;udk acsmypfaom uHk;wdkufuHk;y,fqdkjcif;? ol&mar&,? t&ufao&nf wl;wl;eHjyif;tqdkrSmjcif;? £ajE´ysufjcif;? raumif;aomtrSKudk olvSKyfacsmufvQif jyKwwf\/ ,if;odkU trSKtaMumif;wdkUonf twGif;uRefaw\ trSKvkyfonf uRefjynfwGif;ü &Sdool jynfyü&Sdool? rdrdwdkUü&Sdool? EdkifiHü&Sdool? vl&Siftaygif;wdkUudk pdk;tkyfapmifh a&Smufjcif;aMumihf abG&Smapmifha&Smuf\/ þodkUaom rif;onf taqGcifyGef; udk tvdk&Sd\/ b,fodkUtaqGcifyGef;vnf; [lrlum; qkvyfudk rrifao&Sif riJh? toufpGefU0Hhaomol&Judkvnf;&Sm? tawmftrSef tpdwftayguftESHUtjym; ngPfy#dyÜmefjzifh udk,f\trSKuJhodkU t&Sif\ pnf;pdrfcsrf;omudk a&;jcm;pDppf tkyfcsKyfEdkifaom b@mpdk;udkvnf;&Sm\/ owdorÜZOf&Sdjcif;? tmuHktmPm aqmifEdkifjcif;? ESKwfzsm;vufzsm;&jcif;? &J&ifhjcif; jzpfaom oHcHwreftaptyg; toHk;tpGJudkvnf;&Sm\/ trSwftom;&Sdjcif;? ESkwfvufwufjcif;? ayghyg;vQif wefjcif;? pdwfESvHk;aocsmjcif;? rSefuefjcif;? t&Siftm; cspfjcif;? ,if;odkUaom teD;tuyfudkvnf; &Sm\/ a&;wyf&mwyf? tppftar;? tusdK;tjypf? rif;\ tusdK;pD;yGm;t&mudk 249 8 June 1635 odpGrf;Edkifaom ynm&Sdudkvnf;&Sm\/ ig;yg;aom oDwif;rSabmufjyefí rif;\pD;yGm;? omoemawmf\pD;yGm;udk tusdK;rJhjyKaom vlnpfvlysuf vloGrf;udk r&Sdatmif azG&SmpDppfEdkifaom jynfpdk;&GmuGyfudkvnf;&Sm\/ rif;\trSKcyfodrf;pHk udk trltusifhaumif;raumif;udk odpGrf;Edkifjcif;? rif;rSKjynfrSK pDppfrSKudk tESHUtpHk tjrifwyfpGrf;jcif;? pD&ifEdkifjcif;? rif;\tvdkudkodjcif;? þodkUaom ppfolMuD;udkvnf;&Sm\/ txl;xl;aom*Pef;[l;&m;a[m? txl;xl;aom urÇm usrf;üvmaompum;jzifh rif;tm;ESvHk;oGif;apjcif;? emapjcif;? tusdK;tjypfudk jynTefjcif;? ajyma[mEdkifjcif; þodkUaom ynm&Sdokcrdefudkvnf;&Sm\/ ab;Oyg'ftEÅ&m,f vTJy,faysmufysufaMumif;? rif;ESifhwuGaom jynfolvl &[ef;tm; ab;&efuif;aMumif;? tusdK;&SnfjrifhpGmjzpfaMumif;? ESHUjym;aphpHkwwf pGrf;aom aA'ifq&mudkvnf;&Sm\/ tjrJa&mufaom temudkuGmaMumif;? udk,fü wnfaom temudkaysmufaMumif;? vlwumwdkUrSDcdk&mjzpfaom orm;ynm&Sdudk vnf; &Sm\/ txl;xl;aom ESKwf\twwf? txl;xl;aomvuf\twwfwdkUudk wwfpGrf;EdkifolwdkUudkvnf;&Sm\/ txl;xl;aomf odwwfEdkifaom qiftwwf jrif;twwf vufeuftwwfudk wwfpGrf;Edkifaom olwdkUudkvnf;&Sm\/ vSnfhywfacsmif;aESmif; ESHUjym;í aumif;raumif;udk t&Sifrif;tm; odap[lí avQmufMum;aomoludkvnf;&Sm\/ þodkUaom olwdkUonf rif;aumif;rif;jrwf avmuewfjzpfaomrif;\cifyGef;wnf;? onft&mudk &mZ"r®? avmu"r®usrf;rS ESKwfaompum;? onftrdefUawmftwdkif;udk tjrJxm;í rSwf&rnf/ ouú&mZf 997ck 'kwd,0gqdkvqef;5&ufaeU0aeU (8 June 1635) njyefonfh trdefUawmf/ (rsdK;Munfh 1944? wufA[dk 45235) 250 4 July 1635 ouú&mZf 997ck 0gacgifvqef;1&ufaeU bkef;awmftvGefMuD;jrwfawmfrlvSaom toQifb0&Sif rif;w&m;MuD;aeUjAJwdkufawmfodkU xGufawmfrl&mwGif trdefUawmf &Sdonf/ a&TjynfawmfwGif aumuf½dk;[lorQonf crnf;awmf bk&m;vufxuf u tpOfvufpGJpma&Tjynfpdk;wGif&Sdonfh pm&if;twdkif;udkom aumufcHap? pm&if; jyifudk tpOf&Sdonf[lí aumufonfawmif;onfudk raumufrawmif;apESifh? vufpGJpm&if; tpOfudkvGefí awmif;½dk;onf aumuf½dk;onfudkvGefí vufpm; MuD;vQif rnfool[lí rqdkESifh? aps;v,fwGif taygiftvufzsufíjypf? avSmfum;oHk;axmif taumufudkvnf; trSKxnfhawmfrrlbJudk raumufapESifh/ usdK;Mupfwnf;ausmufpmwnf;[lí rawmif;apESifh? aumuf½dk;onfvnf; wa,mufwnf; wowfwnf;awmif;ap/ aumufool tvJvJ raumufapESifh onftrdefUawmftwdkif; rwnfaomf vufraxmifrSL;ESifh a&Tjynfpdk;i,fwdkU ESma&mifoef;rSifhaohxdk;? vufraxmifrSL; 1? a&Tjynfpdk; 1? vufr&GHUrSL; 1? aygif; 3apmifay;tyfonfh trdefUawmf/ (rsdK;Munfh 1944? wufA[dk 45235) 251 14 October 1635 ouú&mZf 997ck wefaqmifrkef;vjynfh 3aeU bkef;awmfMuD;vSaom toQifb0&Sif rif;w&m;MuD;jAJwdkufawmfodkU xGufawmfrl&mwGif trdefUawmf &Sdonf/ aus;rwf&Gmjynfpm;onf uGrf;yifysdK;aom twlaevGwfatmif t&GufysdK;í t&Guf&ifh&mudk qGwfcl;a&mif;cspm;aomufí toufarG;onfh obG,f&GmjynfwGif &Sdonfh uRefwdkUudk tjrJaeapí &Gmom;jynfom;udk rif;aus; rif;uRefvQyfpm;aygufpm;tEdkifrusifh&atmif wm;bdí &GmqHk;&Gmvyfudk apmifhMuyfí tpltpOftwdkif;udk acsmif;aESmif;ar;jref;apí jyKpkí&Gmudk &Gmpm;rSD&Gmpm;udk &Gmom;rSDjyKpk odrf;ydkufípm;? odkUrSt&Sifay;usdK;&Sdrnf/ vQyfpm; aygufpm;pdrfhrnf[líom jyKavvQif t&Sifhpyg;rsdK;udk t&SifhMuufyifaumufpm; qefomraumufpm;,ufcsouJhodkU r&SdapESifh/ iSufvnf; toD;&Sd cgomtyifudk em;ouJhodkU tcGefcHom &GmodkUoGm;ouJhodkU jyefírMunfh? iSufuJhodkU r&SdapESifh? pm;[efwyfap? &GmjynfudkrjyK? pm;&aomuf&atmif rpD&ifaomf uGyfrnf/ jrdKUpm;&Gmpm;wdkUudk ay;onfhtrdefUawmf/ (rsdK;Munfh 1944? wufA[dk 45235) 252 4 August 1636 ouú&mZf 998ck 0gacgifvqef;14&uf Mumoyaw;( 4 August 1636)? bkef;awmfMuD;vSaom toQifb0&Sifrif;w&m; aeU jAJwdkufawmfodk0fxGufawmf rl&mwGif b,a,mfwmavQmufaomcg trdefUawmf&Sdonf/ &GmolMuD; tonfMuD;wdkU0fonf &GmwGif rif;aus;rif;uRH rif;om;rif;ajr; trSL;trwfuRHausmif;vl bk&m;vl tayguftusaevSmoíudk0frnfonf vlrsdK0ffrnfonfvl[lí odjrifap/ aumif;raumif;udk qkr®ydkifap/ rif;rSKjynf&Gm rSKudkvnf; trSK&SdvQif ½Hk;pkpD&ifydkifap/ &GmwGifw&GmESifhw&GmtMum;wGif vlysufvloGrf; vlqdk0fvlnpfwdkU0fonf odaomfomawGUaomfomwrHkU/ rodrawGUaomfwdk0fudk0f b,fZmjyK&rnfvnf;[lí rk'def"m;jr tvkt,uf awmpGeftHkem;r&SdapESifh/ odvQifMum;vQif w&GmvHk;tHkí &GmeD;&Gmpyfudk0f ½Hk;í&Smap/ r&Smrvdkufr&aomf &Gmaeoí udk0fwdkifMuD;xrf; tjrJxnfhrnf/ &GmwGif&GmolMuD;tMuD;jyKoludk0f tu©&mxdk0fí qifpm&dwfxnfhrnf/ onftrdefU awmfudk0f ESvHk;oGif;í owdjyK/ (rsdK;Munfh 1944? wufA[dk 45235) 253 5 August 1636 vlewfjA[®m owå0gwdkUxuf twkrJhaom oAÁnKa[mawmfrlonf/ tuúedX jA[®jynfu tyfwpif;csí vljynfutyfwpif;udkcHrnf/ tyfoGm;csif;qdkifaomf qdkifrd&m\/ vltjzpfudk0f jzpfrnfcJvSonf/ vltjzpfudk0f jzpfygaomfvnf; omoemawmfwGif;ü usrnftvGefcJvSonf/ omoemawmfwGif;ü usHygaomf vnf; o'¨gMunfndKcsif; todynmpdwfESifh jzpfrnftvGefcJvSonf/ ,if;odk0f jzpfygaomfvnf; bk&m;&Sifudk0f rsufarSmufbl;jrif&rnfvnf; tvGefcJ\/ bl;jrif&ygaomfvnf; &[ef;yOöif;tjzpfjzpfrnf tvGefcJonf[lí a[mawmfrl onf/ aumif;pGmaqmufwnfaom aumif;pGmusifhaomoCFmawmftjzpfonf tvGefjrwfvSonf/ jrwfaomtusif;jzpfaom oCFmawmfjrwfaumif;pGm aqmufwnfaom wem&DrQaom tusdK0fudkaomfvnf; pMumrEÅ0f rif;touf awmfxufqHkwnfaom pnf;pdrftusdK0fonf twkrrQEdkif/ tvSLrsm;pGm MuD;pGm ay;EdkifaomtusdK0fonf ewfjynfwGifrQom bk&m;&Sif ynwfawmfrlonfESifh nDpGmaumif;pGm oCFmawmf tusifhudk usifhaom oCFmawmfonf tvGefjrwf vSonf/ tvGefjzpfcJonfudk ESvHk;oGif;í aumif;pGmusifhaomoCFmawmfonf oDwif;oHk;abmf yOöiforaPtm; aumif;pGm usifhaMumif;wnfaMumif;udk0f qHk;rawmfrl/ orefrsufbuf Oyrma[mawmfrlonfudk ESvHk;oGif;awmfrl/ ukv'lou t&mtmZD0 y&xkwfcsif;udk0f jrwfpGmbk&m; tvGefa[mawmfrlonf udk0f ESvHk;oGif;awmfrl/ cE¨mig;yg;om udk,frSmjzpfonf vlowå0gwdk0f\ tjypf? ½kyf[laomudk,f? eH[laomtoufonf twnftjrJr&Sd/ ajrMuD;txufü ajrrSHK\ ta&twGufjzifh rESdKif;&nfaumif;aom tzefwvJvJ ½kyf[laom udk,fudk0f pGefUjypf&onf/ udk,f\touf ypöKyÜefodk0fjzpfatmifodk0fpm;&atmif [lí raumif;rSKjzifhynyfawmfESifhtnD rusifhaomtjypf? nDpGmaumif;pGm usifhaom tusdKonf eHajymif;í ½kwfjzpfav&modk0f tpnfwpdkufvdkufjcif;udk0f ocifjrwfwdk0f odawmfrlonf? ESvHk;oGif;awmfrlonftwdkif;udk owif;oHk;abmf tm;vHk;owå0gwdkUtm; tjrJqHk;rawmfrl/ omoemawmfü q&morm;aumif;pGm jzpfapvdk0fí&[ef;jyK\/ 254 5 August 1636 &[ef;tusdK0fudkcHjcifí rdb&[ef;jyK\/ auR;jrDrsm;aomaMumifh rpm;&wwf jcif;aMumifh &[ef;jyK\/ tnpftjypfokuRH t&muvGwfvdkí &[ef;jyK\/ rdbaqGrsdK0fwdk0fonf trSDtaxmuf jzpfcsifí &[ef;jyK\/ o'¨gjcif;jzifh jrwfaom tusdK0fudkvdk0fí &[ef;jyK\þodkU0f&[ef;jyKjcif;ü r*fzdkedAÁmeftvdk0f iSgo'¨g,Hkusnfí jzpfaom&[ef;onf ypöKyÜefü udk,f\csrf;om? oHo&müvnf; vlaumif;ewfaumif; csrf;omtqHk;ü edAÁmefcsrf;omudk trSef&csif;? ,if;onfrS jyifjyKaom &[ef;wdkUudk0fo'´g,HkMunfí oHk;yg;aomcsrf;omudk0f&atmif aomoCFmawmfjrwfonf jrwfpGmbk&m;ynyfawmfESifhnDpGm? qkr®tyf\/ qefUusifbufusifhaomrnDaom &[ef;tm;ESif/ &[ef;onfyg&mZdua&mufjyD; onfudk&[ef;tjzpf raeaptyf/ t0wfvJívljyKap/ &[ef;onf oHo&muH&if;r&Sdí ykxkZnf\tjzpfwyfjcif; wPSmjzifh &[ef;bHkrSysufcJí jzpfcJvSvsuf? odkUjzpfcJonf[lí omoemawmfudk &kdaoojzifh vljyKí vl\tjzpf tvSLay;í owif;oHk;íjzpfaomf ajcuRwfaomf vnf; vufaxgufrdouJhodkUaumif;rSKtusKd0fonfjzpf&monf/ &[ef;tjzpf onf rwnfjyDvsuf &[ef;toGifjzifh ol\tvSLudk xrif; wa,mufrrQcHí bkef;ay;rdaom &[ef;[lí&Sifonfvnf;aumif; vlonfvnf;aumif; rSwfyav aomf &Sif\toGifjyKaom olonf ykqpfrQeef;jyGuf0,f uRHonfudk0fopfcuf csHKEG,fqGJí rxcsif;aBumifh acgif;epfatmif uRHíaoouJhodkU0f? oHo&m0wf0,f epfvGefavawmhrnf/ omoemawmfütusKd;jyufjyD; aomolonf&[ef;tjzpfjzifh raeuHkESifh/yckrf;ESifhxrf;ydk0fonf aeUnnfhruGmyifxrf&Gufvkwf aqmifjcif; qif;&JpGmjzpfaomfvnf;tcdkuftwefU udkomqif;&Jonf/ woufbdk0fomqif;&J onf/ &[ef;ta,mifjzifh jyKí csrf;omBuG,f0onfjzpfaomfvnf; onfuao vQifty,fav;yg;0,ftpGJ tudkifr&Sd? 0#fqif;&J0,ftepfvGefrnf/ taeusjzpf onfudk0fESvHk;oGif;í udk0fjywfaomolonf acscRwfaomfvnf; vufaxmuf rdatmifudk ESvHk;oGif;í vltjzpfü tvSLay;uHk/ y#dywdÅomoemawmf y&,wÅdomoemawmfudk0f aumif;pGmjznfh 255 5 August 1636 aom oDv0efocifjrwfwdk0fonf omoemawmfü &[ef;tjzpfrS usdK0fjywfjyD; aom oludk0fpl;prf;awmfrlí vltjzpfwdkUESifxkwfawmfrlukef/ omoemawmfü tn§Dtapmfudk0f aq;ausmokwfoifawmfrlukH/ jrwfpGmbk&m; a&TrsufESmawmfESifh wlaom MuD;jcif;onf vlewfjA[®m owå0gwdkUü r&SduHk/ ouú&mZf 998ck 0gacgifvjynfh 6aeU(5 August 1636) awmifilrSm ausmif;wdkif;vSnfhí bwfjyef&onf/ a&T'dkif;aoGmuf&Jabmf 1? jrdK0fwGif;aoGmuf indK 1/ (rsdK;Munfh 1944? wufA[dk 45235) 256 5 August 1636 bkef;awmftvGefMuD;jrwfawmfrlvSaom toQifb0&Sifrif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; trdefUawmf&Sdonf/ crnf;awmfv¬ufaemifawmfv¬ufwGif aoGmufoeif;MuD; xnfhonfrsm;onf tusdK;awmf pD;yGm;awmf&Sdatmif wnfhawmfrlonf/ jrefrmjynf0,f jrefrmjzpfonf/ jrefrmjcif; t&Suftwifrsm;rSm rodom/ trSKxrf;wdk0f OD;a&;um; pm&if;&Sd\/ t&yfus,fwdkif; aeavonf/ om;o®D; ajr;jrpfpm&if;xGif; pm&if;jyifudkyifvnf; taphtpif odomatmif acsmif;aemif; ar;jref;í odomatmif jyK&rnf/ odjrifjyD;vQif igaoGmufMuD; tcif;t&m&SdvQif ajymqdk0fvSnfh? tvkyftaqmifjzpfatmifav;? aoewfvkifawmf om;o®D;onf olaus;oluRH wyg;rxm;ESifh? &SufwifwGuf r&Sd[lí t&Suftwif t0Suftxdef rjyKESifh? rSmqdk0f/ ae&yfae&moaygufajrxuf trSKxrf;a&Smif trSKxrf;xdef;udk odomatmifjyK? emaozsm;wmMunfh½I? tpGwftpGJtEdkiftxuf jyKavonfudk0f ta&;,l/ ESKwfvGefoludk vGefusL;ajcí aocif;&SdvQif avsmfyg&atmif? avsmfcif;&SdvQif ta&;,l/ taomuftavmif;vsyfpm;aygufpm; tcdk0ft0Suf o&rf;yif;um; auR;wdkif,if;wdkUudk qkr®/ v,fvkwfukefoG,faps; jyKudkif;,m O,mOfwdkU0fudk ESdK0faqmf/ tMuD;onfvnf; i,foolavsmhooludk0f ,if;odk0f trdefUawmftwdkif; odEdkifjrifEdkif ppfEdkifaMumEdkifqHk;rEdkifMunfh½IrpEdkif oGrfoif yJhjyifEdkif? ydkufxkwfqHk;rEdkifjcif;? ,if;odkU0f&Sdooludk0f tMuD;acgif;[lí qdk0fvdk0f onf/ onftrdefUawmfudk0f ESvHk;oGif;í wnfatmif uRHawmfrsdK0fwdkUudk0f aoGmufMuD; cefUawmfrlonf/ [Hom0wDawmifilwGif ar;xl;ac:&ool om;ajr;i,fqdk0f oa&TUESifh t&nfppfawmfrlí aoGmufMuD; cefUawmfrlonf/ t&nf&Sd\odkU0figjyKpkawmfrl&rnf/ ouú&mZf 998ck 0gacgifvjynfh6aeU (5 August 1636) trdefUawmf/ (rsdK;Munfh 1944? wufA[dk 45235) 257 14 January 1636 bkef;awmftvGefMuD;jrwfawmfrlvSaom toQifb0&Sif rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; trdefUawmf&Sdonf/ rif;uRHawmfonf okauR;okaiGESifh&Sdonfudk0f tpifxkwfbd/ ouú&mZf 997ck(1635)uyif trdefUawmf&SdxHkrS rif;uRHawmfrsdK0fonf wyg; a,musfm;wyg;rdr®ESifhoifh\onf&Sdaomf om;o®D;udk a,musfm;vdkufa,musfm;yg rdr®vdkufrdr®ygap/ ouú&mZf 997ck wydk0fwGJvjynfhausmf3&uf5aeU (14 January 1636) nnfhjAJwdkufawmfodkU0f xGufawmfrl&mwGif b,a,mfxmavQmufaomcg trdefUawmf&Sdonf/ (rsdK;Munfh 1944? wufA[dk 45235) 258 5 August 1636 bkef;awmftvGefMuD;jrwfawmfrlvSaom toQifb0&Sifrif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; trdefUawmf&Sdonf/ trSL;tMuD;wdkUtaMumif;onf t&SifhtrIawmfwdkif;awmif wm tvkwftaqmif ppfrIrufrIxGufvQif wyfom;vufom; ajci,fwdkU0f trSKawmfuHkatmifudk0f vkv’0&d,jyKí aqmfbefpD&ifxrf;&Gufjcif;? v,facsmif; tvkwftaqmifudk0f ruHkuHk rqdk0forifpm;csnfjzpfonf/ tESefUvkyfatmif aqmfbefpD&if&jcif;? v,frvkwfcdkuf rif;rIrif;&m v,fvkwfcdkuf azgufum; a&mif;0,f&Smpm;ESD;pm;udk,fpm;&atmif ESdK0faqmfjcif;? tcdk;t0Suftaomuf tavmif;tav;tzifhudk r&Sd&atmif qkr®uGyfn§yfjcif;/ igt&SifuRHtrSL; cefUawmfrlonf/ i,fom;onfvnf; toQifuRefawmfcsnf;udk0f rSL;±& aomuf&atmifudk rjyKvufom;ajci,fudk0f emzsm;aomfMunfh½Ijcif;? &Smpm;ESD;pm;a&mufcsdefwefvQuf ra&mufaomf ppfausmjcif;? olrsm;ESifh r&Sufrwifapjcif;? ausmif;bk&m;rSm cdkrSDí raeapjcif;? &Sufwifaeaomfvnf; odjrifatmif pDppfrSwfom;jcif;? rif;rIrif;&m tabmfr&aomf trsufxGufí qdk0frnfaomf tavsmftusrjyKuGyfn§yfqkr®jcif;? taetxm;cefUxm;&mwGif tdrf&mESifh0ufusufarG;í [if;oD;[if;csrf;ESifh r0,frpm;&atmif v,fvkwfí r&Smpm;yJ pm;&atmif pD&ifzHqif;jcif;onf 0eftrSL;tMuD;acgif;um;wdk0f pD&ifaMumif; pD&if½dk0fwnf;? trdefUawmf&Sdonfhtwdkif; pD&if½dk0fudkpD&if/ trSL;tMuD;wdkUudk0f jyHonfhtrdefUawmf/ (ouú&mZf 998ck 0gacgifvjynfh6aeU) (5 August 1636) jyefonfh trdefUawmf/ (rsdK;Munfh 1944? wufA[dk 45235) 259 5 August 1636 bkef;awmftvGefMuD;jrwfawmfrlvSaom toQifb0&Sifrif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; trdefUawmf&Sdonf/ aoapwwfaomtqdwfjzpfonfvnf; tajzaq;&Sd\/ rdk;MudK;aoewfjrm;vufeufjzifh xdrSefonf a>rusm;e*g;wd&pämefwdk0f\ tqdwf onfvnf; aq;rEÅefjzifh jy,fapjcif;&Sd\/ bk&m;w&m;oCFmudk0f jypfrSm;ool r½dkrao(jyKo)olwdk0fü raumif;rIjzpfcsif;onf taygif;rEdkifrrQ tajz tukrEÅmef aq;vnf;r&Sd/ udk,fESKwfESvHk;jzifhudk,f&SifMunfjyefuHawmh jyefaomf om raumif;rI[laom tqdyfonf aysmufnHh&monf/ rif;om;? rif;ajr;? trSL;? trwf? qifonf? jrif;onf? tvHk;pHkwdkUonfxrf;pif? qif? jrif;pDíoGm;onf? ajcjcnfoGm;onfjzpfaomfvnf; &[ef;oCFmawmf vmwwfaomf vrf;ul;vrf; oefMuHKaomfxrf;pifuoufíae/ qifESdrfí rvTJomaomf OD;csíaeuHk? &Sifoli,fudkaomfvnf;onftwdkif; a&Smifukef? bk&m;w&m;oCFmudk0f a&SmifMunfuHk? ½dkaoapukef/ bk&m;w&m;oCFmESifhpyfaom 0w¬Kudk0fvnf; taqGawmfonf? trsdK0fawmfonf? ay;ygonf[lí oCFmawmfjzpfonfudk0f vlwdkUonf t&Suf(twifjzpf)atmifrjyKESifh? o'¨gjcif;jzifh oHo&mrSm raumif;rI rcH&atmif &Sdygoí udk,fo'¨gorQ tvSLaumif;rIomjyKuHkonf trdefUawmf twdkif;udk aqGrsdK0fom;ajr; tabmftcsif;aus;uRHwdkifatmifqifhí ajymqdkuHk/ (ouú&mZf 998ck 0gacgifvjynfh6aeU) (5 August 1636) jyeftrdefUawmf/ wHcg;wdkif;ay;onf? jrdK0f0ef;usifudk0f armif;cwfí vufraxmifrSL;axmifav; rsufESmrSL; a&Tjynfpdk0fvdkuf&onf/ a&SUaxmifpcsD jrif;wufuzwf&onf/ (rsdK;Munfh 1944? wufA[dk 45235) 260 5 August 1636 bkef;awmftvGefMuD;jrwfawmfrlvSaom toQifb0&Sif rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; trdefUawmf&Sdonf/ a&;rSwfcif;? trdefUawmfjyefcif;&Sdonfudk0f tnDac:í pma&;ESifh 0efonfwuG eufwdkufeuft0ifwGifqdk0fonf? tMuD;wdkUudk0f ac:íESvHk;em;oGif a&GUwnfwnfwrfhwrfh usdef;aovufcwf em;ygoGif;í? ar;jref;ppfausmí? rsufESmnDpD&ifap/ oif;wdk0ftpk0efonf pD&ifcif;&SdvQif trdefUawmf&SdvQif oif;wdkUudk rif;jyKí pma&;udkac:íomonfhtwdkif; trdefUawmf&Sdonf/ onftwdkif; pD&if&rnf/ onftwdkif; iguqdk0fonf a[monfudk0f rif;apvdkufí pma&;udk0f cdkifjyefavonf/ pma&;i,fonfvnf; oif;tdrfi,fwGif rsufESmrJhudk0f pmwdk0fwxGmwrdkufESifha&;í rnfonfoludk0fydk0f acs/ rnf0gudk0fydk0facs[líom rif;{u&mZfcdkif;cefUawmfrlaom OD;a&oHk;av; igaxmifajcmufaxmifonftrSL;0efcefUawmfrlonf/ qdk;qdk;npfnpf oGrf;oGrf; aomhaomhodrfodrfi,fi,fayghayghavsmhavsmhwdk0fonf rif;rSKjynfrI tpkt&m txl;cdkifcefUawmfrlonfudk0f tav;tjrwfyifpD&ifonfh xHk;[líjyKonf/ raorcsif;aumif;pm;csifonf[lí wum;pdwf&Sdonf/ odk0fESifhrwefodk0fESifhrnD acgif;&Sdonfudk0fyifnDpí cgcs\/ odk0fusifhonfpnfpdrfcsrf;omESifhwlíjzpfcsif onf/ touf&Snfcsifonf/ t*FgMuD;i,frcsdK0fcsifonf? temr&Sdcsifonf? udk&Sifonfudktvdk0f&Sdonf/ onfrsm;onfb,fol0,f&Sdonf b,fol0,f aumif;raumif;&Sd jzpfaponfvnf;udk,fESKwfESvHk;oHk;yg;udk0f vkv’0&d,tm; xkyfí aumif;pGmusifhavaumif;apvdkaomfudk,fqkr®qdkonf igrSmpum;r&Sd udk,fudk,frSmomtaMumif;/ ouú&mZf 998ck 0gacgifvjynfh6aeU (5 August 1636) jyeftrdefUawmf/ vTwfawmfwGif &mZ*kPÖzwfjyD;vQif tpkwdkif;0efpma&;[lorQudk a&;ul;aponf/ (rsdK;Munfh 1944? wufA[dk 45235) 261 5 August 1636 bkef;awmftvGefMuD;jrwfawmfrlvSaom toQifb0&Sifrif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; trdefUawmf&Sdonf/ w&m;olMuD;wdkU0f w&m;qdk0frnf[lí w&m;olMuD;odk0f a&mufvSm\/ a&mufvSmol ESpfbufudkom trSHjyHap/ ppfausmí qHk;jywfxGuf &Sdonf/ odk0fqHkjzwfrSvnf; EdkifrnftaMumif; ½SHK;rnft&modjyD;vQif oufao Mum;oljrifolwdkUudk0f wnfapí "r®owf0,fqdkonfudkqdk0fonftwdkif; ESdKif;csdefaxmufxm;í pifMu,faom oufao&vQif uwdu0wfjyKapí oufaopum;jzifh qHk;jzwfvQif t½SHK;tEdkifonf jyD;jywfawmhonf/ w&m; wefqm p&dwfputavsmftjyefodk0fonfudk0fvnf; "r®owf0,fqdk0f\/ odk0fqdkjyDrSvnf; umva'oudk axmufqdk0fjyef\/ ,ckrif;wdkU0f qifonfrlum; uGrf;bdk0f&atmifw&m;olMuD;pm;&atmif [líom trItifudk0f pum;aMumif;ESifhudk0f raxmufpD&ifonf/ jynfol&Gmom; wdkU0fonf tbdk0fxufvu©MuD;onfqdk0fouJhodk0fom &SdMuonf/ waMumif; vnf;trSKonfESpfbufom;wdkU trIjzpfaMumif;udk trSHod&atmifESdKufeJí qHk;jzwf&xGufom&Sdonfudk a&SUae[lí pum;udkcsJUípGyfí ESdyfíjr§ifhí bkef;0Suf í a&SUaeonfw&m;olMuD;wdkU\ ESvHk;tqkwfudk0fqkwfuifí pm;uJhodkU0f a&SUaejyKonf r[kwfavm0f/ onfudk0frQw&m;olMuD;wdkU0f ESvHk;oGif;onf rl\avm0f/ a&SUaeqdk0fxGufrlum; awmifolvifhum; t½Hk;tpkyGJjyif rjynfhyg qdkaMumif;&Sdvsufrqdkwwf/ olt(t)tdyfruf rjyHwwfouJhodk0f? odk0fonf trSKonfrsdK0fudkom rSHwdkif;pDvsOf;í qdk0fygrnf/ olESifhrSqdk0fygEdkifrnftaMumif; a&SUaerrnfwrHkU/ trSKonfqdk0fwdkif;yif a&SUaeESifhqdk0fxGuf&Sdonfavm0f/ waMumif;vnf; a&SUaeaumif;onf "r®owfudk0f ESvHk;oGif;í ½SHK;ppfEdkifppfudk0fod\/ ½SHK;olyif aomfac:yifhvmvQif qif;&Jom;wdk0fayghavsmhygatmif iHhíae\/ ½SHK;aMumif; ay;ít½SHk;ay;vQif qif;&Jom;udpö ayghavsmhygatmif w&m;olMuD;udk0f vJqdk0f awmif;yH\/ odkU0fodjrifonfh a&SUaeoma&SUaeqdk&onf w&m;olMuD;wdkUvnf; t[kwftrSefudk od&onf/ ,if;odkU0f r[kwfonfha&SUaeonf omoemawmf pD;yGm;jynfolvl&[ef; pD;yGm;rif;usdK;rif;pD;yGm;wdkif 262 5 August 1636 atmifyifysufonf/ jynfv,fü xm;jywdkufaomf wifwifcdk;aomfqdk0fonf? onfodk0fa&SUaersm;udk0f r[kwfavm0f/ a&SUaeESifhvmaomfrQ w&m;olMuD;onf a&SUaeudk0f[efUí trSKonfudk0f trSHod&atmif ar;jref;í qHk;jzwf&rnf/ onf trdefUawmfcGef;udk0f w&m;olMuD;wdkU0fonf tjrJa&;í vufoHk;awmifa0S; udk;uG,f&mjyK/ ouú&mZf 998ck 0gacgifvjynfh6aeU (5 August 1636) jyeftrdefUawmf/ (rsdK;Munfh 1944? wufA[dk 45235) 263 5 August 1636 bkef;awmftvGefMuD;jrwfawmfrlvSaom toQifb0&Sif rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; trdefUawmf&Sdonf/ rif;wdkUwpk0eftdrfwGif trSma&;ESifh t0ift0if;trSL; tMuD;tpdk;acgif;wdkUESifh trSKt&mwdkUudk wdkwdk&Snf&Snfudk ppfaMumpD&ifap/ pma&;um; trSwftom; txGuftppfomjzpfonf? igcefUawmfrlonf trSL;? wyfrSL;? jrif;MuD;? jrif;acgif;? aoGmufMuD;? acgif;? t0ef;onf toD;\ tn§mESifh twlr[kwfavm0f/ odkUonfholrsm;udkac:í ar;jref; ppfaMumí pD&if? pm&if;Munfhíom igcefUawmfrlonf/ uRefawmfjrif;acgif; trSL;wyfrSL; aoGmufMuD; &Sdawmhonf? acgif;t0ef;vnf; &Sdawmhonf? odkUrsm;udk rvmaomf rS acgif;igcefUawmfrlonf/ tcsKyf0efpma&;um; trSwftcsKyfom tpkacgif;t0ef;wdkUrlum; orm;tdyfqvnfycsKyfwHxif; jzpfyavonf? cdkif;cefUawmfrlonf? 0efpma&; rlum; opfwmwHwif;ESifhtwlom jzpfonftaMumif; tw¬KyÜwåd twdrfteuf t,Gif;tyg; taysmuftysuf tajy;ta&SmifodkUonfrsm;udkvnf; udk,fwdkUod&m avonf? od&mwefonf? ppfaMumEdkifwefonf? ,if;odkUrod? ,if;odkUrppf raMumaomf udk,fwdkU0efwdkUudk tjypfigwGif cufvdrfhrnf? igEdkifwefonf[lí t&SifhuRef[lí udk,fudkrSwfonf? t&Sifcdkif;cefUawmfrlonfh trSKt&mudk odrSwf&onf/ odkU pDppfpD&if&rnf? odkUrSwfap? odkUpD&ifap? 0efwdkUu jyefqdk&rnf/ ouú&mZf 998ck 0gacgifvjynfh6aeU (6 August 1636) jyeftrdefUawmf/ (rsdK;Munfh 1944? wufA[dk 45235) 264 27 April 1637 &Srf;jynf,Gef;jynfwvdkif;jynfrSpí ta&SUudkvm;aomf oHwHwm;? taemufudk vm;aomf yifv,fem;? awmifudkvm;aomf ,dk;',m;? ajrmufudkvm;aomf a&ay: rD;ighem;MuD;tuúywfuonf;wdkU ae&mvlaygif;wdkUudk &wemyl& a&TjrdKUMuD; a&TxD;pdkuf&m tpdk;&awmfrlaom oD&dok"r®m&mZm r[m"dywd trnf&Sdaom b0&Sifrif;w&m;MuD;vufxuf r[mrkedapwDawmf &ifjyift&yfodkU olZHywdESifh pwkavmuygvewfwdkUonf AdrmefESifhoufí ausmufumpm;a[mif; iqkatmif wGif yl;í q&mawmfESifh pum;ajymaomtcg rZösdrma'otwGif; aomVó 16jynfwdkif;MuD;16wdkif; wdkif;i,frsm;wGif wwdkif;ESifhwwdkif; wjynfESifh wjynf e,fausmcdkif; eHpyftwGif;wGif Ouúmu&mZfrif;rSpí ygwvdyk'fjynfudk tpdk;&aom oD&d"r®maomurif;MuD;wdkif rif;{u&mZfrif;rSpí ygwvdyk'fjynfudk tpdk;&aom oD&d"r®maomurif;wdkif rif;{u&mZftqufqufwdkU vufxufu jrdKU&Gm 84000yGm;pD;onf t&mrsm;onf ZrÁL'DyguRef; ,lZemwaomif;wGif awmae 3000 a&ae 4000 vlae 3000 usrf;vmonf/ a&S;wnf&if;jrdKU&Gme,f twGif;csnf;jzpfonf/ &Sd&if;jrdKU&GmuyGm;aom jrdKU&GmodkU qifhyGm;cGJjcrf;í e,f4&yfjyKí tvkyftaqmif tpD;tyGm;jyKMuonfh xHk;pH&Sdonf/ ,ckavmuwGifvnf; 0dZ,yl&jynfudk tpdk;&aom wpD;&Sifrif;w&m;rS pí om;awmfOpöem 5pD;&SifausmfpGm &wemyl&wGif yXrrif;acgifrdk;n§if; rif;w&m;e&ywdMuD; 'kwd,rif;acgifvufxufawmfrsm;wGif jrdKU&Gmwnfonf t&mrsm;rSm us,faome,fudk csHKUapí &mZ0wfydkif;jcm; cefUxm;onf/ jrdKU&Gmrsm; rSm wjrdKUvQif ta&SUvm;aomf wdkif 10 awmifudkvm;aomf wdkif 10 taemufudk vm;aomf wdkif 10 ajrmufudkvm;aomf wdkif 10 twGif;wGifom pD&ifap/ pcsDpjrifuvH oHysifajrwdkif; ajrxdef;apmifhaeaom uHauR;awmf cH jrdKU&Gmrsm;rSm wdkufr0ifjrdKUwdkuf0ifjrdKU aus;oD;jrdKU&Gmrsm;rSm ta&SUudkvm;aomf 5wdkif awmifudkvm;aomf 5wdkif taemufudkvm;aomf 5wdkif ajrmHudkvm;aomf 5wdkifom pD&ifap/ 265 27 April 1637 &mjyKjrdKU axmifjyKjrdKU&Gmrsm;rSm ta&SUudkvm;aomf 3wdkif awmifudk vm;aomf 3wdkif taemufudkvm;aomf 3wdkif ajrmufudkvm;aomf 3wdkifom pD&ifap/ rZösdra'oaomVó 16wdkif; jynfMuD; 16jynf oa&acwå&m yk*g&mr 0dZ,yl& &wemyl& ta&SUjynfwGif oD[&mZmjrdKU y'kr®m wEÅDjrdKU rif;jyHK;jrdKU w&d,*F'DyjrdKU udnd,*F'DyjrdKU auwkrwDjrdKU ok0PÖbkr®djrdKU xD;9pif;apmfbGm; wdkUaeonf jrdKUusdKif; 9usdKif; rdk;9rdk; xm;9xm;rSpí arm9jynfawmifuav; aomifoGyfwdrfnifxD;vif;paom EdkifiHawmftwGif; aeonf jrdKU&Gmtydkif;tjcm; onft0iftxGufajzmifhjcif; aumufjcif; rnDrnGwf&Sdonfjzpfí jrdKUe,fajr raorcsm&Sdonf/ qif;&Jom;uRefawmfrsdK;wdkU tvkt,uft0iftxGuf tusL;tvGefajrrSwfausmufwdkifopfpnf; uHoif;½dk;ewfapmifh ewfxm;rsm; &Sdonf t&m&Sdonf wHwdkif;wc½dkifc½dk;trsm;&Sdonfh &Gm&Sdonf/ jrdKU&Sdonf/ ewfxm;e,fjcm; &Sdonfh jrdKUMuD;rsm;rSm ta&SUudkvm;aomf aomif;wdkif taemufudkvm;aomf aomif;wdkiftwGif;udkom pD&ifap/ pcsDpjrifuvHoHysifajrwdkif;ajrxdrf;ESifh pD&ifonftwdkif; c½dk;rsm;rSm ta&SUudkvm;aomf 5wdkif awmifudkvm;aomf 5wdkif taemufudkvm;aomf 5wdkif ajrmufudkvm;aomf 5wdkiftwGif;om pD&ifap/ 10jyKjrdKU&Gm 100jyKjrdKU&Gm wdkuf0if&GmjrdKUaus;oD; jrdKU&Gmrsm;ESifh jynf7wdkif; ajrmif;jrjrdKU armfADjrdKU armfvjrdKifjrdKU oefvQifjrdKU '*kefqHawmf wnf&mukef;ol&JMuHcif; ulxGufojrifxHk "EkjzL cJaygifrSpí 157jrdKU t0if0wdkufumr 44wdkuf rif;jyHK;3wdkuf oefvQif3wdkuf [Hom0wD7wdkuf rkwår7wdkuf ykodrf7wdkuf wv3wdkuf udOödyl& 3wdkuf ok"r®m0wD 3wdkuf &DukrÇ 5wdkuf auwkrwD 4wdkuf vif;Zif; 57wdkuf a&; 2wdkuf vpif 2wdkuf ajrmufbufjrif;ajrawmifbuf jrif;ajrawmifil jrif;ajr ewf&Sifrif;w&m; 7abmf eef;wGif;eef;OD; a&TjynfMuD; jrif;ajrjrdKUygrSpí 0if;awmf 4&yf 'dkif;pkvrdkif;pk 266 27 April 1637 aumif;[efpkudk,f&Hawmf aoewfavSoif;avSmfum; aoewftajrmufouúwef &JavS uwåLrSpí avSoif;awmf om;om&Adrmefom; om&um ol&JwkvTwf tduif;u raumf qifajrjrif;ajr a'gif;a&Tajr wHcg;ajrrSpí y,fe,frSeforQ tpkom;wdkUrSm w&GmvQif ta&SUtaemufawmifajrmuf 2wdkifpD 5&mwGif;pD&Gmudk tv,fxm;í e,f4&yfjzpfap? wpkuonf wpkt0iftxGuf r&SdapESifh/ &wemyl&t0jrdKUMuD;udk ouú&mZf 959ck awmfovif;vjynfhausmf2&uf aeU (18 Auust 1597) crnf;awmfbk&m; a&TxD;pdkufí rif;xD;jyKawmfrlonfrS omoemawmf 5000wdkif t&Sifb07Sif rif;w&m;MuD;tmPm xm;awmfrlonf vkyfajr pm;ajr oem;awmfrlonftwdkif; wnfap/ a&S;e,fa[mif;&Sdonf rqdkapESifh/ aexdkifwnfxGif vkyfaqmifpm;aomufí trSKawmfudk xrf;&Gufap/ t&mawmfajrrsm;rSmvnf; tmPmxm;awmfrlonftwdkif; uRJ&Snfvkyfwm csxm;onftwdkif; vkyfaqmifí t&mawmfrsm;pGmudk usD0efwdkUu qdkif&mqdkif&m usDawmfrsm;odkU ta0;jrdKU&Gmu vkyfaqmif&onfh tcGefudk usD0efawmfodkU oGif;ap/ wdkufawmfoGif;&ef a&TaiG e0&wfrSpí usDawmfrsm;rSm qdkif&moGif;ap/ ta0;jrdKU&Gm usDawmfrsm;odkU qdkif&m0efwdkUu wdkufawmfodkUoGif;ap/ EdkifiHawmf twGif; ausmif;0wfbk&m; 0wfodrf0wfpmoifawmf 0wfajrrsm;u jzpfyGm;orQ aMu;oHyGJvQuf a&eHoapö;ysnfpaom toHk;taqmifyJ ajymif; vl; qyfrsm;rSm r[m'gefwdkufodkUoGif;ap/ awmifbufwdkuf ajrmufbufwdkuf ta&SUbufwdkuf taemufbufwdkuf qifusnfwdkufwGif oif;wdkufr[m'gefwdkuf qdkifoifh&mqdkif oifh&mwdkufodkU csnf;oGif;ap/ EdkifiHawmftwGif; tmPmxm;awmfrlonfhtwdkif; aoemywd r[moD[ol r[maZ,sol r[m&mZolwdkUu rvpfr[if; r,Gif; r,dk&atmif trdefUawmfpmcRef trSmawmf pmcRefpmacG ay;tyf&rnf trdefUawmf &Sdonf/ ouú&mZf 999 uqkefvjynfhaeU(27 April 1637)twGif; 0efwdkUqDodkU jyefonf/ 4if;vjynfhausmf 1&uf6aeU(28 April 1637)jyifaoemywdqDodkU ajymhMuD;rSL; jyefonfh trdefUawmf/ (prÁL'DyOaqmif;? rsuf 63-4) 267 21 May 1637 t&yf&yf &Srf;jynf? ,Gef;jynf? wvdkif;jynf? jrefrmjynf? apmfbGm;? jrdKUpm;0efMuD;? 0efaxmuf? pma&;MuD;? em;cH? twGif;0ef? 0efpk&? AdkvfrSL;? wyfrSL;? ppfuJ? em;cH? trnf&aoG;aomufMuD;? ta0;jrdKU&Gm cefUxm;awmfrlonfh jrdKU0ef? ppfuJ? em;cH? jrdKUuGyf? ajrwdkif? oHysifwdkU tjynfjynfaom rif;wumwdkU OD;nGwf&m &wemyl& a&TjynfMuD;ü a&TxD;pdkufxlí OuifzGifhvSpfí pHy,fawmfrlaom oD&dok"r®m&mZm r[m"dywd trnfawmf&Sdawmfrlaom b0&Sifrif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; trdefUawmf &Sdonf/ yxrrif;jyKpkawmfrlí toD;toD; trdefUawmf trSmawmf rif;rSKrif;cif; jynfa&;&GmrI ta0;jrdKU&Gm ay;rSmonftrSKrsm;ESifh w&m;pum;rsm;udk a&TvTwfawmfu wvHk;w0wnf; ppfaMumpD&ifap/ twGif;0efwdkUrSmvnf; trSKtwGif;om;ESifh pyfonfudk twGif;0efu pD&ifap/ ppfa&;rif;rIjzpfvQif vTwfawmfu pD&ifap/ twGif;0efwdkUrSm twGif;u trSKroifhonfrsm;udk twGif;upD&ifap/ jrdKU0efpma&; axmifrSL;axmifpcsDwdkU rSmvnf; &mZ0wfcdk;ao;rD;yGm;a&Teef;awmf ywfvnf jrdKUawmftwGif; jyifay:&Sdonfrsm;udk jrdKU0efupD&ifap/ 0if;rSL;0ifpcsDwdkUrSmvnf; 0if;awmf4rsufESmom;wdkUwGif ay:&Sdonfh trSKudk 0if;rSL;0if;pcsDwdkUu pD&ifap/ ppfa&;rif;rSKjzpfvQif vTwfupD&ifap/ awmifbufjrif; ajrmufbufjrif; 0efjrif;pma&;MuD; &Srf;jrif;pma&;MuD; jrefrmjrif;pma&;MuD;wdkUrSmvnf; jrif;ajrjrif;&GmwGifay: &Sdonfh trSKajrcGef a&cGefrsm;rSm jrif;om;ESifh pyforQudk jrif;pD;u pD&ifap/ jrif;ajrjrif;&GmwGifaeonfh tonfwdkif xrf;rsm;rSm qdkif&mwdkuf0efrSL; wdkUu pD&ifap/ tay:0ef taumuftpm; w&m;uGrf;bdk; qifvJjrif;rwfuRJ0if EGm;0ifrsm;rSm qifajrjrif;ajrwGifjzpfvQif qif0efjrif;0efjyif0efwdkUuom pD&ifap/ 268 21 May 1637 wdkuf0efwdkufpma&;wdkUrSmvnf; wdkifbufjrdKU&Gmrsm;rSm jzpfvQif wdkifxrf;tonfwdkUudk wvHk;w0wnf; pD&ifap/ ppfa&;rif;rSKay:&SdvQif a&TvTwfawmfu pmcRefESifh cefUxm;&m xrf;&Gufap/ avSoif;axmifuJwdkUrSmvnf; avSoif;tpktrSKxrf;wdkUudk qdkif&m0ef wdkUqDrSom wvHk;w0wnf; axmifuJaxmifrSL;wdkUESifh cGJcefUpD&if xrf;&Gufap/ usD0eftaemuf0efwdkUrSmvnf; usD0efuqdkifonfh trSKudk usD0efu pD&ifap/ taemuf0efu qdkifonfh trSKudktaemuf0efupD&ifap/ vrdkif;om;wdkUrSmvnf; vrdkif;0efuqdkifonfh trSKudk vrdkif;0efu wvHk;w0wnf; rSwfom;cGJcefU qdkifoifh&moGif;ap/ 0wåKuHajrESifh pyfonfrsm;rSm r[m'gef0efu qdkifoifh&m qufoGif;ap/ a&TcGefawmfaiGcGefawmfrsm;rSm a&TcGefudk a&Twdkuf0efu pD&ifcefUcGJap/ a&Twdkufqdkif&m qufoGif;ap/ usD0efu raqmfrcefUapESifh/ qnfMuD;ajrmif;MuD;wdkUrSmvnf; qnf0efwdkUrSm w0wnf; xrf;&Gufap/ tpktrSKxrf;wdkUrSmvnf; txufab;avmif;awmf bdk;avmif;awmf rif;w&m;MuD;vufxuf crnf;awmf bk&m;vufxufawmf ay;onftwdkif; wnfap/ jrdKUvyf&Gmvyfwdkuf rbufusefonfjrdKU&Gmrsm;rSmvnf; jrdKUvyf0efu w0wnf;pD&ifap/ t00toG,foG,f r&SdapESifh/ a&TvTwfawmf0efwdkUu cefUxm;onftwdkif; w0wnf; pD&ifap/ EdkifiHawmftwGif;wGif tmPmawmf xm;onfhtwdkif; aoemywd r[maersdK;aZ,s r[moD&daZ,sausmfxifwdkUu rvpfr[if;r,Gif;r,dk&atmif MuyfMuyfwnf;wnf; trdefUawmf pmcReftrSmpm pmacGay;tyf&rnf/ ouú&mZf 999ck e,kefvqef;9&ufaeUwGif (21 May 1637) twGif;0ef wdkUqDodkUajym 269 21 May 1637 MuD;rSL;rif;aZ,swrefjyefonfh trdefUawmf/ (prÁL'DyOaqmif;? rsuf 65-6? ol&d,? wGJ 12? ydkif;8? atmufwdkbm 1928 rsuf 33-4) 270 6 November 1637 bkef;awmftvGefMuD;jrwfawmfrlvSaom toQifb0&Sif rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; trdefUawmf&Sdonf/ w½kyfwdkifonf crnf;awmfbk&m; aemifawmfrif;w&m;wdk0f ajrrSwfudk0f MuL;vGefí ta&mif;t0,fa&mufaMumif;udk0f oEéDapmfbGm;wdkU0fu &Sdcdk;oHawmfOD;wifonf/ igtoQifb0&Sif rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; MuOf;wyfa&wyf qifvHk;jrif;&if;paom ppf\ud&d,mt*Fgav;yg;ESifh rdk0f0efjrdK0fa&muf csDawmf rlrnf/ a&S;yk*Hjynfü aemf&xmrif;apm w½kwfjynfodkU0f pG,fawmfawmif;csDawmf rlonfh vrf;c&D;udk0f qifjrif;AdkvfygoGm;avmufatmif a&TbGm;awmfatmufu &mZaoemywdwdkUudk0f cefUí &Sif;vif;okwfoifap/ t&yf&yf&Srf;jynfapmfbGm; jrdKUpm;wdkUodk0f vuf0Jvuf,m qifjrif;&xm;paom vufeufudkifwdkU0f pm;aomuf&ef qefawmfqm;awmf ig;iydrsm;udk apmfbGm;wdkUwGif odrf;jyD;vQif vlEGm;vm;wdkU0fESifh toifhwifí atmifwyfawmfwGif igpcef;axmHawmfrlvQif pm&if;us,fpm&if;csKyfESifh rSwfom;ay;tyfap/ uif;wdk0fuif;&Snfaxmufap/ apmfbGm;jrdKUpm;wwfaygif;pm;wdkU0fudk0fvnf; jrdK0f&GmpD&ifeufwdk0fü ppfonf&Jruf r0ifrxGuf&atmif cefUxm;ap&rnf/ txdwftvefU r&SdapESifh/ aexdkif a&mif;i,fjrJa&mif;0,fap/ 0efwdkUuoifhatmifrSm/ ouú&mZf 999ck eawmfvqef;1&ufaeU (6 November 1637) em;cHajymhMuD;rSL; xkwfí vTwfwGifjyefonfh trdefUawmf/ (rsdK;Munfh 1944? wufA[dk 45235? *efUa*gtHhay) 271 7 November 1637 bkef;awmftvTefMuD;jrwfawmfrlvSaom toQifb0&Sif rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; trdefUawmf&Sdonf/ &wemyl& a&T0jrdK0fMuD; 0dZ,syl& aZ,syl&jrdK0frSpí tnmtaMuawmifajrmuf t&yf&yfjrdK0faus;&Gmaus;oD;wdkuf0if r@vpaom tjrdK0fjrdK0ft&Gm&Gmrsm;wGif rZösdrwdkufpaom t&yf&yfjrdK0f&GmaomVo wdkif;MuD; jynfMuD; 16jynfaxmifwdkU0fü pdk;tkyfukefaom a&S;rif;{u&mZfwdkU0frSpí rif;nDrif;om; aqGawmfMuD; rsdK0fawmfMuD; rl;MuD;rwfMuD; oaX;ol 272 7 November 1637 pD;vQif wvqH1f? qm; 10pD? pD;qifaygufawmfrsm;udk0f vrdkif;rSL; pma&;wdkUu ay;ap/ wif;ukwfraumif;? usHK;rcdkif? O'defrif;apmewfuGef;pif,dk,Gif;orQudk0f jyifvkwfap/ olcdk;ol0Suf tvkt,uf tzsuftqD; apwDykxdk;rsm;rSm tEÅm&m,f udk rjrifEdkif? ausmif;oHCdutquftEG,fu qif;oufonfh vlpkwdkUudk0f ppfí apmifhaeap/ ½Hk;wGif vlrjywfapESifh/ ½Hk;apmifhwdkUudk0f aennfhapmifhap/ jynfjrdK0f? rif;wkH;jrdK0f? [Hom0wDjrdK0f? oHvsifjrdK0f? rkwårjrdK0f? auwkrwDjrdK0f? Zif;r,fjrdK0f? MudKif;onfjrdK0f? '0,fjrdK0frsm;rSm jrdK0f0efrif;om;u pmcRefay;ap/ a,;jrdK0f? pvif;jrdK0frSm jrdK0f0efrif;om;wdkUu pm&Snfpmwdk0fay;ap/ 0efwdkU0fu cefUxm;jrJ tmPmawmf axmifvufra&Smifarmif;aMu;eif;ay;tyfí qdkif&m0efppfuJwdk0fu pD&ifap/ 0efwdkU0furSm/ ouú&mZf 999ck eawmfvqef; 2&ufaeU (7 November 1637) pajr§mifrSL;xkwfí vTwfawmfwGif jyHonfhtrdefUawmf/ (rsdK;Munfh 1944? wufA[dk 45235? *efUa*gtHh ay) 273 (7 November 1637) xD;vif;e,fum; (ta&SUudk) tifyifpnf½HkvSv,fwvkwf? awmifudk a&TuGeftkyf bk&m;xd? taemufawmif 0ufacgif;? taemufudkawmifMuD; awmifrcsif;oHk; &Gmxd? ajrmufudkxD;vif;u&if&Gm? 4if;e,ftwGif; &Gmaygif; 17? olMuD;aygif; 15? bk&m;6ql? ausmif;MuD; 11/ (abm)pudkif;e,fum; ta&SUudkukef;acgifawmif½dk;xd? ta&SUawmifaygif rvcgajrESifh ausmcdkif;? awmifudk 274 (7 November 1637) avmif;&Snfe,fum; ta&SUudkem;xGufoHacsmif;? ta&SUawmifudk olawmf½Hka&muf avmif;awmfarSmuf? awmifudkMumtif; ewfa&uef? pvif;csif;ajcmuf&Gmxd? taemufudk &cdkifajrpyf? jyifp&yfvGifv[matmifpGm opfyifav;wifcG? ajrmufudk aqmjrdKU? awmifudk uefUvefUacsmif;i,f a&uef? 4if;e,ftwGif; &Gmaygif; 75? jrefrm&Gm 35&Gm? olMuD;aygif; 100? bk&m;ajcawmf&mvnf; &Sdonf? ewfaxmifvnf;&Sdonf? awmifaygif; 20/ aqmjrdK0fe,fum; ta&SUudk 0ifbkwfacsmif;jcm;? vkvifukef;0ufacsmif;? awmifudkavmif;&Snf? aus;pyf? taemufudk csif;oif;csdKif;? ajrmufudk v,fvSawm? 4if;e,ftwGif;wGif &Gmaygif; 37&Gm? acsmif;MuD; 3? awmifMuD; 3/ "EkjzLe,fum; ta&SUajrmufudkvm;aomf o½dkif&Gma[mif;ajrmH opfyifudkif; Z&GefajrESifh ausmcdkif;? ta&SUudkusHKwHk;acsmif;xd? ta&SUawmifudk Z&GJwvmydEéJacsmif;xd ytdkifajrESifhausmcdkif;? awmifudk yef;waemf? taemuf awmifudkyif;c½kacsmif;oHk;cG? taemufudk MudrfwvDacsmif;xd? taemufajrmufudk &Sm;cJMuD; tif;rta&SUbufu Ekacsmif;Z&GefajrESifh ausmcdkif;? ajrmufudkjrpfausm xuf0uf? 4if;e,ftwGif; aAm"dajcmuf&Gm? tif;&Gm? oJjzL&Gm? iausmf&Gm? rif;pktif;&Gm 6/ yef;vSdKife,fum; ta&SUudkvm;aomf t0ayguf;vajrmuf? awmifudk 'Dacsmif;jrpfv,facsmif;? 'vajrmuf? taemufudk {&m0wDjrpfus? ajrmufudk bGJUqGJacsmif; tjcm;wbuf btdkifajrESifhausmcdkif;? 4if;e,fwGif oHvQif uif;&Gm? tpnf;&Gm? 'u,f&Gm? opfyifukyf&Gm/ [Hom0wDe,fum; ta&SUajrmufudkvm;aomf oHqdyfausmuf ijrmjrdKtxd? ta&SUudkvm;aomf pvif;0efjydKifajrtjcm;? ta&SUawmif 'Dacsmif;rkwårjrdKUajrmuf? awmifudkvm;aomf 0if;av;xd ovif;ajrpyf? taemufawmifudkvm;aomf uefMuD;tif; tjcm;wbuf 'vajrpyf? taemuf 275 (7 November 1637) udkvm;aomf btdkifjrdKajrbuúwl tif;acsmif;wbuf "EkjzLajrpyf? taemufajrmufudkvm;aomf abmifylZausmufwdkif om,m0wDajrpyf? ajrmufudkvm;aomf rdk;xm;acsmif;txd awmifilajrESifhausmcdkif;? onfe,f&Spf&yf twGif; [Hom0wD 32jrdKUudk [Hom0wDqifjzL&Sif wnfaxmifjyKpkonf/ quf½dk;um; a&TcGefrSwfap? cef? cJr? avQmf? &rxm? opfap;? eDzg;? ,rf;? qm;? i½kyf? uEkwH? vdrf;awmfqD? jrif; 45? ol&J12? aoewf 4? tajrmuf4? tif;0rif;vufxuf jrif;0ef&Sifomatmifudk 0efcefUí ppfusem;cs pma&;MuD;2? tcGef0efcefUxm;onf/ ESpfpOftcGefawmfrSm vlwudk,fvQif 3d3L;us qufoGif; &onf/ tcGef0efu pD&if&onf? jyifvlwdkUrSm qdkif&mqdkif&m pD&if&onf/ ouú&mZf 429ck wefaqmifrkef;vqef; 12&ufaeU (1067) a&jrdKUudk odrf;&\/ rif;trwfwdkUudk xyfawmfrlí Adkvf 30ESifh wnfaxmifjynf wnfaxmifjyKpkaponf? a&TjrdKUe,fudk ouú&mZf 961ckwGif jrdKUolMuD; iausmfeufay;onfe,fum; ta&SUudk wm 1200uGm &mZacsmif;tjcm;? wzuf jrpfom;e,f iuGefwdkifeufajrESifhtpyf? awmifudkvm;aomfum; 1000uGm ausmufcsufacsmif;jyKonftjcm;? wzufausmufcsufajrESifhtpyf? taemufudk wmaygif; 200uGm qifao½dk;acsmif;tjcm;? wzufjrdKUvS? eE´may: ijrwfiom icspfvSwdkifeufajrtpyf? ajrmufudkvm;aomf wmaygif; 2800uGm qifao acsmif;tjcm;? wzuf&rnf;oif;jrdKUt0if wvdkif;aoajriolwdkifeuftpyf? ajrESifhwGifvkwfajrr&Sdawm 3&yf bk&m;ESpfql? ausmif;4? ukef;3? acsmif;4? 4if;jrdKUudk oD&d&pfvufxuf 429ck (1067)u a&TjrdKU orkwfíwGifonf/ vSdKif;wufjrdKUe,fudk ouú&mZf 790jynfhuqkefvqef;7&uf3aeU (20 April 1428) rdk;n§if;rif;w&m;vufxuf ppfawmfrlí ay;&onfaemuf 'kwd,rif;acgifvufxuf ppfíay;onfhe,fum;? ta&SUtvmum; ayG;vSajrESifh ausmcdkif;? awmifudkvm;aomf rusnf;ausmufcsyfonftjcm;? taemuftvm; um; prHkjrpf? ajrmufudkvm;aomf [pfawmfrle,fpyf/ udk;ausmhtaMumif;um; u&if 2pk? btl 1pk? awmifol 1pk? " 276 ( 7 November 1637) aem 2pk? &Srf;3pk? onftpkom;wdkUudk yk*Htaemf&xmrif;apmvufxuf qifjzLqufa&muf&mwGif bGJUawmfrlonf/ aiGcGefawmfudk quf&onf? aemufe&ywdpnfolrif;MuD;onf anmifa&TjrdKUwGif Adkvf0ifcHawmfrl&m udk;ausmh xyfí bGJUawmfrlonf/ ouú&mZf 404ck wydkwGJvqef; 10&ufaeU (1042) aemf&xmrif;apm udk;ausmh aiGcGefawmfudk bGJUawmfrlonf/ aemufouú&mZf 552ck wefcl;vqef; 7&ufaeU (1190) e&ywdpnfol rif;MuD;xyfí udk;ausmhaiGcGefawmfudkbGJUonf/ udk;ausmhum; awmifndKwausmh? awmifjywausmh? aygo,fwausmh? EGJUrcefwausmh? tdk;xdef;wausmh? yifaomifwausmh? uGrfaygifwausmh? awmifbGmwausmh? aygif;udk;ausmhbGJUawmfrlonf/ udk;ausmhe,fum; ta&SUajrmufudkvm;aomf ykwåvkwfol ppfajrESifh ausmcdkif;? ta&SUudkvm;aomf uavmrdnwfxd anmifa&TajrESifhausmcdkif;? ta&SUawmifudkvm;aomf ewfcdkifajrESifhausmcdkif;? awmifudkvm;aomf a&Tjrifwif bk&m;atmufxd ysnfjym;ajrESifhausmcdkif;? taemufawmifudkvm;aomf EGm;rwef; ul;acsmif; &rnf;oif;ajrESifhausmcdkif;? taemufudkvm;aomf a&SmfjzLukef;aq;xd anmif&rf;ajrESifhausmcdkif;? ajrmufudkvm;aomf 0ufapmacsmif;xd vSdKif;wuf ajrESifhausmcdkif;? onfe,f&Spf&yfum;ausmhudk;ausmhe,f tydkif;tjcm;wnf;/ Zif;r,fjrdKU 57 c½dkift0iftyge,fum; ta&SUajrmufudkvm;aomf OD;wnfbGm;ajrESifhausmcdkif;? ta&SUodkUvm;aomf ausmfuonf;ajrudkvm;aomf 'Gg&0wD,dk;',m;ajrESifhausmcdkif;? taemufawmifudkvm;aomf rkwårajrESifh ausmcdkif;? taemufudkvm;aomf rdk;jAJajrESifhausmcdkif;/ taemufajrmufudk vm;aomf usdKif;wHkajrESifhausmcdkif;? ajrmufudkvm;aomf usdKifionf;ajrESifhausm cdkif;? e,f&Spf&yfwnf;/ 277 ( 7 November 1637) rdk;enf;ajrum; ta&SUajrmufudkvm;aomf usdKif;wHkajrESifhtpyf? ta&SUudk vm;aomf oHvGifjrpfrdkif;ppfajrESifhausmcdkif;? taemufajrmufaxmifhudkvm;aomf anmifa&TajrESifhausmcdkif;? ajrmufudkvm;aomf odEéDajrESifh tpyfwnf;/ (cRef;awmif;jrawmifajrum; avmurmefatmifapwD 'g,umawmf vufxuf ouú&mZf 1091(1729)ckESpfwGif a&Twdkuf0if owfonfrSm ta&SUajrmufudkvm;aomf . . . ? ta&SUudkvm;aomf {&m0wDjrpfv,faMum? ta&SUawmifudkvm;aomf uRef;MuD;xdefyifapmuf waumif;ajrtpyfvQif tjcm;? awmifudkvm;aomf wm 950uGm acGawmifausmufjyKwfacsmif;tjcm;? taemuf awmifudkvm;aomf uRef;yifvSawmifbdkkUwnf;? taemufudkum; acGcg;awmif tcgawmiftjcm;? taemufajrmufum; ausmifapmifvrf;r? ajrmufudkvm;aomf rJZmawmifacsmif; aumufaumufpif;pif;tjcm;wnf;/) rdkif;0JjrdKudk 535ck (1173)wGifwnfonfh e,fum; ta&SUudkvm;aomf wm 1000 uGm ausmufwmacsmif;vQif tjcm;wnf;? awmifudkvm;aomf wm 800uGm yawmufyifMuD;teD; ausmufacgif;avmif;vQif tjcm;wnf;? taemuf udkvm;aomf wm 400uGm oapö;yifMuD; tjcm;wnf;? ajrmufudkvm;aomf wm 500uGmawm ykvJjcm;yawmufudk ajymtjcm;wnf;? xdke,fwGifum; awmav;&yfwnfaom ukef;v,fvkyfusif;um; 959J 3d &Sd\/ ouú&mZf 999ck(1637)wGif t&yf&yfjrdKU&Gm y,fv,f e,fedrdwf tydkif;tjcm;rSpí a&S;xHk;&Sd&m qnf0eft&yf&yf jrdKU&GmolMuD; ajrwdkif;pcsDpjrif wdkUudk ppfaMumawmfrl&mwGif awmifbufudk;c½dkifwdkufqnfMuD; qnfaqmfwpk teufav;c½dkifwdkufudk qnfMuD;av;a,mufwdkUu tppfcHonfum;? qnfMuD; ia&T? eH 4om;? touf 56ESpf? qnfMuD;ausmfvS? eH3om;? touf 55ESpf? qnfMuD;icsif? eH1om;? touf67? qnfMuD;ia&TxGef;? eH0om;? touf59ESpf? 4if;wdkUav;a,mufu a&S;xHk;pH&Sd&m pmwrf;ESifh pm&if;wifqufonf 278 (7 November 1637) um;av;c½dkifwdkufvkyfYdk;qnfawmfajrmif;awmfudk,f&H aoewfpkcGefcsvSdKif0wf? bk&m;0wf? ausmif;0wfajr? yifaxmiftpkom;wdkU vkyfeuf rdk;ajraetapmifh? vSnf;wufavSwufrSpí qnfawmfajrmif;awmf ysufpD;,dk,Gif;vQif avSvl wdkUudkk iSg;axmif&onf? bk&m;ausmif;0wfajr vkyfolwdkUrSm qnfajrmif;wufcsdef umva&mufvQif okwfoifí ewfuGef;aqmuf&onf? tkef;MuHiSufaysm ay;ydkU wif&onf/ vSdKifawmfpkom;wdkUrSm ewfyGJudk yowif&onf? a&cGefawmfpkom;wdkUrSm rdk;a&umva&mufvQif qnfawmfrSm apmifh&onf? ewfpkom;vlwdkUrSm ewfyGJudk yowif&onf? ajr&cGefajr tpkom;wdkUrSm ywf? AHk? vifuGif;ewfxdef;wdkUESifh wD;rSKwf&onf? a&jypftpkom;wdkUrSm rD;pnf;rD;xkwfay;&onf? ewfxdef;ewfae wdkUrSm umva&mufvQif v,fwy,fudk wjynfpDay;&onf? a&ay;a&,lwdkUrSm rdkuf? xGm? vufopfESifh jyefay;&onf? ewfaeewfxdef;wdkUu rwD;ruaevQif qnf0efrSm avQmufxm;í ac:cspD&if&onf? udk;c½dkife,ftwGif; &mZ0wfrSK &SdvQif qnf0efwdkUu w0wnf; pD&ifonfhtwdkif; qnfMuD;wdkUu a&Twdkuf oGif;onf? awmifbufudk;c½dkifwdkufqnfMuD;qnfaqmfwdkUppfwef;/ ouú&mZf 847ck (1485) aZ,s0¡kewdkif; awmifilauwkrwDawmifil jynfMuD;wGif bk&ifrif;acgifwlawmfrif; r[moD&daZ,sol&rif;jyKonf? ta&SU taemufwm 700? awmifajrmufwm 500? wHcg; 20? auwkrwDordkufí xD;eef;ueufpdkufaqmufawmfrlonf? a&TapwDvnf; jrdKUav;axmifhwGif wnfawmfrl\/ opfyifoD;yifyef;yifrsdK;pHkwdkUudkvnf; pdkufysdK;awmfrlonf? O,smOftv,frif;orD;rif;om; rSL;awmfrwfawmfwdkUaysmf&mjzpfaom wefaqmif; r@yfMuD;vnf; pD&ifawmfrlonf? jrdKUwHwdkif;apmuf 18F? teH 5F? usHK;oHk;wef? jrdKUxdyfü MuD;pGmaom opfyifwdkUuddkvnf; cHkavmufaqmufwl&Gif;wdkif pdkuf vufyHyiftqdyfyifvnf; pdkuf&onf? vrf;rvrf;i,fudkvnf; tkyfpD&onf? xef;pnftkef;pnfvnf; pdkuf&onf? jrdKUawmifjrdKUajrmuf w½dk;udkvnf; rusnf;wpnf pdkuf&onf/ jrdKUESifhreD;ra0; t&yfwGifvnf; vufcGwf 279 (7 November 1637) MunfpD&ifawmfrlonf? xdkt&yfudk v,fMuD;[kwGifonf? om;awmf wyifa&TxD; udkvnf; tdrfa&SUESif;awmfrlonf? rif;usifhw&m; q,fyg;udkvnf; tm;xkwf awmfrlí vltaygif;wdkUudk a&tdk;MuD;0,fMumyGifhuJhodkU om,mapvQuf omoem awmfudk xGef;apvQuf rif;pnf;pdrfav;q,fhig;ESpfywfvHk; pHawmfrlonf? ouú&mZf 892ck (1530) ewfjynfpHawmfrlonf/ om;awmfwyifa&TxD;a&Teef;udk wufodrf;í crnf;awmft&mudk pHawmfrl onf/ 0&D;awmfyef;awmrif;udk r[ma&Tawmif? txdef;awmfa&Tudk,foD[ol om;MuD;udk ausmfxifaemf&xmtrnfudk oem;awmfrlonf? crnf;awmf rif;orD; ESifh pHkbufawmfrlonf? a&TuGrf;cGuf oem;awmfrlonf? r[ma&Tawmifom;udk aemf&xm[k trnfay;awmfrlonf? rif;jydKifvnf; ajr§mufawmfrlonf? uGrf;cGuf usdKif;a&Tcsuf oem;awmfrlonf? oD[oludk 4if;enf; oem;awmfrlonf? aZ,s 0¡kewdkif; auwkrwDjynfMuD;ü &SpfESpfpHawmfrljyD;vQif &mrnwdkif;wvdkif;rif; olU&Sifwum&wfydudk vkyfMuHí [Hom0wDü rif;jyKawmfrlonf? oD[oludk auwkrwD ay;awmfrlí rif;jydKifajr§mufonf? crnf;awmf&if;uJhodkU rSwfawmf rlonf? r[ma&Tawmifom;aemf&xmudkvnf; ppfawmif;udk ay;awmfrlonf? ppfawmif;uawmfum; ouf&SnforD;wnf;/ ausmfxifaemf&xmudkum; bk&ifaemifawmf[lícsD;jr§ifhoem;awmfrl\/ xdktcg jrefrmuRefigwdkU rcHjyD[k wvdkif;rsm;onf tpkpkaomif;Murf;Muav onfudk csDawmfrlí ppfawmif;odkUa&mufvQif tvHk;t&if;MuD;aMumif; trsm;ESifh ausmfxifaemf&xmudk 'vodkU csDaponf? 'vodkUa&mufvQif ppfawmif;wGif pdwfcsí arGUavsmfawmfrlaMumif;udk ppfawmif;pm;odí trIjyKvQif tvG,fwul wyifa&TxD;udk ouú&mZf912ck uqkefvjynfhausmf1&uf2aeU (21 April 1551) vkyfMuHí ordefpuúa0gtrnfudkcHí rif;jyKonf/ oHk;vrQom rif;pnf;pdrfudk cH&onf/ olMuD;orm; rGefynm&SdwdkU rnDrnGwfaomaMumifh ordefaxmonf rkwårudkwdkufí ordefpuúa0gudk vkyfMuHonf/ ordefaxmatmifí rif;jyKonf udk ausmfxifaemf&xmrl 280 (7 November 1637) um; ordefaxmudk &efrrlbJ aejynfawmfawmifiludk tvHk;t&if;ESifhvmonf? obifwJeef;awmfaqmufí bdodwfcHawmfrlonf? jyD;vQif ta&SUbufo'¨r®*k½k q&mawmfudk ausmif;aqmufí vSLawmfrlonf? om;awmfrif;&JausmfpGm? nDawmfrsm;udkvnf; t&mtxl;txdkuftavsmuf ajr§mufpm;awmfrlonf? &wemyl&tif;0jynfrSpí &Srf;jynf,Gef;jynf? oa&acwå&mjynfMuD;rsm;udk odrf;,lawmfrljyD;í ouú&mZf 913ck aESmif;wul;vjynfhausmf1&uf0aeU (12 March 1552) ordefaxmudk vkyfMuHí atmifawmfrlvQif ,dk;',m;? Zif;r,f? &cdkiftp&Sdonfh jynfrsm;udk vufeufjyKí auwkrwDjynfMuD;udk yHkpHjyKawmfrlí [Hom0wDwGif jrdKUMuD;wnfawmfrlonf? r[mapwD? 0dZ,apwD tp&Sdaom ra&wGufEdkifaom aumif;rIawmfrsm;udkvnf; oHo&mpD;yGm;om;awmftpOf ajr;awmftquf jrpfawmftnGefUjyefUyGm;í wufxGef;udk;uG,fpdrfhaomiSg wnfxm;pdkufaqmufawmfrlonf? om;awmfOy&mZmudkvnf; tdrfa&SU tcrf;tem; ay;awmfrlí tdrfa&SUESif;awmfrlonf? qif&JtHkpHkESifhq,fpD;? pm;awmfuGrf;udk a&udkiftrwfom; 10udkvnf; ay;awmfrlonf? uReforD;pk? od&dpGHrumpGH 'a&mfpm;wdkUESifh vlaygif;50udk a&Tyef;yefuReforD;pk bGJUawmfrlí a&Tyef;pdkufrSwfoem;awmfrlí om;awmfOy&mZmudkay;onf? owdk;rif;apmudk tif;0udkay;awmfrlonf? qifawmfojrifpGmESifh trwfom; 10? tajrmuf MuD;i,f 10? aoewf 50? a&TvSH 20? jrif;100udk udk,f&HawmfuESKwfí oHk;pdkU ta&;tcif; odrfjAJMuif&Jausmfvl 300acgif; ajcmufacgif;om;wdkUrSm "g;ouúvyf a&T5wefUuGwf? arSmuf,lv*Fka&Tcsnfowf? cg;pnf;0rf;ywf&F? Zmem;? yef;yGm; jrif;MuD;&Sufjrdwf? i,fom;wdkUrSm 'dkif;eD? armufwdkeD? vSH&SnfudkifESifhwuG tyfawmfrlonf/ a&aMumif;avSoif;pkrSmvnf; avSoif;zGJUawmfrlonf? avSoif;awmfavS um; a&Ttdrfa&TrSwf ay;awmfrlonf/ 4if;ouú&mZf 913ck nDawmfowdk;"r®&mZmudk jrdKUoem;awmfrlonf/ qifawmfjynfMuD;wHqdyfESifh qifq,fpD;? trwfom;udk,f&HawmfwGif oHk;pdkUESKwfí ay;awmfrlonf? a0gyvm 281 (7 November 1637) usdKif;a&Tcsuf? waumif;bHk;? axG;tif? ywåjrm;ausmufpDjrif;MudK;Mu,fwyf ua&TZ0g? uawmifa&T? wif&ef;atmif;aemufwuf? a&TxD;oem;awmfrlonf? a&aMumif;avSmfum; avSrSwfESifhwuG odrf;pnf;qE´udk avSrSL;cefUí avSrSwfavStdrfaxmif 12i,fom; 100ausmfay;awmfrlí &cdkifavSoif;bGJUawmf rlonf/ ouú&mZf 943ck wefaqmifrkef;vqef; 15&uf3aeU (10 October 1581) ewfjynfpHawmfrlonf/ om;awmfrif;&JausmfpGmrif;jyKawmfrlonf/ nDawmfrsm;udkvnf; jrdKU&Gmtrnfay;awmfrlí jrdKUpm;rif;om;jyDjyD nDawmfi,f rif;&JoD[oludkvnf; awmifiludkay;awmfrlonf? trwfom; 10? qif 10? udk,f&HawmfwGif wa,m'dkif;? ta&;rqdk'dkif;om;wdkUudk ay;awmfrlvdkufonf/ nDawmfowdk;"r®&mZmudkjynfay;onf? qifq,fpD;? trwfom; 10? udk,f&Hawmf u ESKwfí &efvHk;arT; &efvHk;odrfa&Tawmif'dkif;bGJUonf? tpkom;rsm;udkESKwfí ay;awmfrlvdkufonf/ &efEdkiftpkom;wdkUudkvnf; odrfpnf;pE´udk &efEdkifrSL;cefUí avSrSwfa&Tbdef;ESifh tyfawmfrlvdkufonf/ nDawmfowdk;rif;apmudkvnf; t0udk ay;awmfrlonf/ om;awmfMuD;r[mOy&mZmudk tdrfa&SUESif;awmfrlonf? owdk;rif;apmorD;awmfESifh pHkbufawmfrlonf? 4if;ouú&mZf ewfjynfpHawmf rlonf/ xdkouú&mZf 945ck aESmif;wefcl;vqef;2&uf2aeU (2 March 1584) tif;0odkUcsDawmfrlonf/ a&mufvQifwyfrwnfcif;? igwdkufawmfrlrnf jrif;onfawmf vlausmfatmifrSwfESifh w&m;ighq,fa&G;rSwfí a&SUawmfodkU ac:awmfrlonf/ a,mufzawmfwyfudk awGUatmifpHkprf;av? awGUvQif tvsif&Sdcdk; oHawmfOD;wif? tpfudkaumvd,pm;udk awGUatmifjyí nOD;u owdk;rif;apmudkac:í tvsifawGUaMumif;udk oHawmfOD;wifonf/ rdk;aomufvQif rif;ESpfyg;qifpD;í vifZifrif;udkwdkufonf/ wmrnfwmvrf;udk pD&ifí &SdonfwGif &Sifbk&ifrif;um; qifawmfapm&efESifudk a&TuGef&Guf vTrf;vsuf pD;awmfrlí xGufawmfrlonf/ owdk;rif;apmrlum; qifawmfojrifZm udkqHkaxG;axG;eDokwfí pD;awmfrlvsuf xGufawmfrlMuaomf aqGrsdK;nDaemifjzpfí owdk;rif; 282 (7 November 1637) apm tif;0jynfpm;rlum; bk&ifudkusdK;pm;íwdkufonf? bk&ifuRefawmfw½kyf armfpm; rlum; owdk;rif;apmudk usdK;pm;íwdkufonf? jyifpnfpm;udk t&Sifrd acsonf? w½kyfarmfpm;rlum; owdk;rif;apmvSHoifhí qifxufwGif qHk;acsonf? xdkrif;ESpfyg;udk wdkufMuaomfvnf; owdk;rif;apmtm;enf;acsí ouú&mZf 946 ck uqkefvjynfausmf1&uf3aeU (14 April 1584)owdk;rif;ysufvQif atmifyifv,fta&SUawmif&Hem;wGif wyfwnfonfhowdk;rdzk&m;rlum; [Hom0wD odkU ydkUaponf/ owdk;rlum; w½kyfjynfodkUajy;onf? cEÅD;odkUa&mufvQif cE¨majymif;onf? tif;0udk[Hom0wDu&vQif bk&ifa&TxD;om;rif;vusfmudk ay;awmfrlonf? ,dk;',m;u[Hom0wDodkU ppfulvSmonfr[kwf ,dk;',m;rif; udk ESif;vma&mufvmaomaMumifh jrdKUapmifhxm;aom trwfwdkUonf ocif&Sifbk&iftif;0odkU csDawmfrljyD vdkufcJhap trdefUawmf&Sdonfhtwdkif; jyefonfudk rvdkufbJ ppfawmif;bufu usHK;ajrmif;ESifhwl;í aeMuonf? tif;0udk atmifawmfrlí jyefawmfrlaMumif;udk Mum;vQif ta&SUbufwvTm;wGif vlolodrf;,lí jyefoGm;onf/ ouf&Snfausmfxifudk tvHkbk&ifESifhvdkufaponf/ aemufvnf; tb,umrPdESifh tdrfa&SUrif;wdkUudk vdkufaponf/ xdkrif;udk;odef; ocifcE¨majymif;onf/ EdkifiHawmfwGif bk&m;ig;qlwnfawmfrlonf/ u&ifrsm;udk vnf; av;pí vkyfaponf? ouú&mZf 945ck (1583) t0rif;,dk;',m;arSmfvGefvQif om;awmfrif;&JausmfpGmudk tif;0udkay;awmfrl onf/ trwf 10? qif 10pD;? udk,f&HawmfwGif ta&;rcif'dkif;? yGJvHk;atmif? atmifbufpH&aemif'if'dkif;? tif;acgif;aygif;EGJU'dkif;? a&Tuma&TvTmtpkom;wdkUudk ESKwfíay;awmfrlvdkufonf/ vufa&G;om;wdkUudkvnf; avSoif;bGJUí avSrSwfESifh wuGay;awmfrlonf? ouú&mZf 959ck(1597) yaxG;awmfjynfrif; owdk;"r®&mZmvGefonf? om;awmfrif;om;&Sifaemufudk owdk;"r®&mZmbGJUESifh jynfudkay;awmfrlonf/ ouú&mZf 960jynfh yxr0gqdkvjynfhausmf3&uf0aeU (10 June 1598) nDawmfrif;om;&Sifopömudk anmif&rf;jrdKUudk ay;awmfrlonf? anmif&rf;odkUa&mufvQif anmif&rf;jrdKUrSm jynfaxmif&mpif;rif;jyDjyDjynfa&; &GmrIudk pD&ifawmfrlonf/ anmif 283 (7 November 1637) &rf;rSm trSKxrf;vlenf;aMumif;udk odawmfrlí [Hom0wDu jrefrm? wvdkif;? &Srf;? ukvm;? ,dk;',m;? vif;Zif;? weif;vm&D? &cdkifrsm;udk odrf;½Hk;í anmif&rf;odkU ydkUawmfrlonf/ bm;rJh? bm;warmh bkef;awmfMuD;wdkUudkvnf; ydkUawmfrlonf/ ouú&mZf 960jynfh 0gacgifvqef;8&uf1aeU (30 July 1598)wcg;wdkif pdkufonf/ 4if;vqef;7&uf0aeU (29 July 1598) jrdKU½dk;tkwfpípDonf? 4if;vjynfhausmf 6&uf0aeU (12 August 1598)a&Teef;awmfaqmufonf? waygif;vqef;5&uf1aeU (18 September 1599)oD[ol&r[m"r®&mZm trnfawmfcHawmfrlonf? om;awmftMuD;udk tdrfa&SUESif;awmfrlonf? 'DyJ&if; udkvnf;uHauR;ay;awmfrlonf? &Sifjrwfvsudkvnf; "r®maomutrnfESifh ipnfhul;jrdKUudk ay;awmfrlonf? yaxG;awmfrif;wHk;rif;MuD;udkvnf; pnfolausmfxiftrnfESifh pvif;udkay;awmfrlonf? aemufrif;&JOZembGJU oem;awmfrljyefonf? rl;awmfrwfawmf rif;om;rif;ajr;wdkUudk txdkuftavsmuf aumif;rGefpGm oem;awmfrlonf/ anmif&rf;aemufawmfygjrif;? jrefrm? &Srf;? ,Gef;? ukvm;? vif;Zif; rsm;udk vkyfajraeajroem;awmfrlonf? tpktief;zGJUawmfrlonf? txufay;&if; trIxrf;wdkUrSmvnf; xrf;jrJ&GufjrJ xrf;&Gufaponf/ aemufawmfyg puúa,mf wmESifh aqGom;rsdK;om;wpkwdkU vl50udkvnf; puúeE´udk aoG;aomufMuD;cefUí a&Tyef;yefaoG;aomufbGJUawmfrlonf? od'¨daZ,sESifh vl50udkvnf; od'¨daZ,sudk aoG;aomufMuD;cefUí a&Tyef;yefaoG;aomuf bGJUawmfrlonf? Zif;r,fuRefawmfcH aemufawmfygonfh tJvSHaonfo&daonfjAydkufonf [dkvHkaonfapmvHk . . . wdkU 6a,mufaqGom;rsdK;om;vlwpkudkvnf; 4if;wdkU6a,mufudk aoG;aomuf MuD;cefUí aemufawmfyga&Tyef;yef bGJUawmfrlonf? vkyfajraeajrvnf; ay;csoem;awmfrlonf? aemufyg&Srf;pkaonfpufa&mifaZ,sESifh vl56udk aonfpufa&mifaZ,sudk aoG;aomufMuD;cefUí ,Gef;pkaemufawmfyg bGJUawmfrl onf? aoewfygurD;vGwf? aiGuGwftyfawmfrlonf? vkyfajraeajray;csoem; awmfrlonf? uRefawmf&if;atmifjrwfxGef;ESifh vl50pkudkvnf; atmifjrwfxGef; udkaoG;aomufMuD;cefUí jAJoa&mf 284 (7 November 1637) pkcefUawmfrlonf? uRefawmf&if;atmifjrwfausmfESifh aqGom;rsdK;om;vl50wdkUudk iatmifjrwfausmfudk tMuD;cefUí &SifaxmyvmpkzGJUawmfrlonf? a&T½dk;"g;vHk;jynfh a&TuGyftyfawmfrlonf? vkyfajraeajray;csoem;awmfrlonf? a&Tyef;yefpkom; wdkUudk rwå&mjrdKUydk0? qnfa&aomuf iukvm;MuD;wdkifeufajry,faygif;wm0ef; 702ay;csoem;awmfrlonf? Zif;r,fa&Tyef;aoG;aomufudk &SifjzL&SifvS0wfawmf ½Hkajr rdtdrfEGJUwdkifeufa&Tausmif;jrpfayguf taemufbuf 45y,fwm0ef; 590ay;csoem;awmfrlonf? aemufawmfyg,Gef;pkaoG;aomufaonf pufa&mif aZ,swdkU aoG;aomufudkrdvSyHkwdkifeuf 0wfawmf½HkajrwGif wGif;oif;&Srf;&Gmajr 23y,f2pdyf? iyefaxG;wdkifeuf 12y,f2pdyf? 2pkjrpfta&SUbuf taemufbuf wm0ef; 400 ay;csoem;awmfrlonf? aemufawmfygwvdkif; tmrcHom;wdkUudk ol&J 212xyfbGJUawmfrlonf? vkyfajraeajray;csoem;awmfrlonf/ aemufawmfygaiGawmifESifhvlw&mom;wdkUudk iawmudk aoG;aomufMuD; cefUí ol&Jt&HpkbGJUawmfrlonf? iodkufawmESifhvlw&mom;wdkUudkvnf; iodkufawmudk aoG;aomufMuD;cefUí ol&Jto,fpk bGJUawmfrlonf? ivdwfrkwåm ESifhvl80om;wdkUudkvnf; ivdwfrkwåmudk aoG;aomufMuD;cefUí ol&JuEGHpk bGJUawmfrlonf/ irDqHESifhvl 130om;wdkUudkvnf; irDqHudk acgif;cefUí rdcifvGwfpk bGJUawmfrlonf? ol&Jig;aoG;aomufwdkUudk ta&SUbufrwå&mjrdKU awmifbufi&JMuD;wdkifeufvkyfajraeajrygaumufMuD;rk&if;y,faygif; 70ay;cs oem;awmfrlonf? 0gcgefawmfqufywdkifyavESifh vlaygif; 100udk armif;rykxdk; bk&m;0wfajripHatmifwdkifeufajrudk aeajray;csoem;awmfrlonf? rif;OZemeE´ ausmfolwdkUwdkif;wmrSwfom;íay;onf/ ouú&mZf 967ck 0gacgifvqef;7&uf5aeU (11 July 1605) odEéDudkcsDawmfrlonf/ &Híaeawmfrl&mwGif a&m*gpGJa&mufaomaMumifh om;awmf udkjyD;atmifvkyfMuHbd trdefUawmf&Sdí cefUxm;cJhonfESifh tdrfa&SUrif;vkyfMuHí jyD;vQif wjrdKUvHk;udk odrf;,lcJhonf? OD;&D;awmfudk vuf&qufonf? om;awmfa&mufít 285 (7 November 1637) xdkuftavsmuf qkvmwfawmfray;rSD ouú&mZf 967ck waygif;vjynfhausmf 11&uf6aeU(21 February 1606) ewf&GmpHawmfrlonf/ 13&uf1aeY (23 February 1606) oj*dK[fawmfonf/ 4if;om;awmfa&TxD;a&Teef;udk odrf;jref; tkyfpdk;awmfrlonf/ crnf;awmfaumif;rI r[mjrwfrkedtjyD;odkU ra&mufonf rsm;udk jyifvkyfapí xD;wifawmfrlonf? ausmif;awmfrsm;udkvnf; ausmif;&H 30ESifhjyD;apí wk&Gif;ajcr[m&mrbkef;awmfMuD;udk wifawmfrlonf/ ok"r®mp&yf vnf; aqmufawmfrlonf/ vqef;1&ufvjynfhausmf1&uf trSefxGufí zl;arQmfawmfrlonf/ r[mjrwfrked0ef;usifudk Xm0&jzpfawmfrlatmif pD&ifawmf rlonf/ r[mjrwfrked bkef;awmfMuD; vusfmbdeolq&mpOform;pOf? t&Sifok"r®mauo&avSmfum; 3000rSL;t&yf? taemuft&Sif,wår&mr? bmwarmhonf av;yg;wdkUudk axmufyHhawmfrlí ypönf;av;yg;vSLawmfrlonf/ jrdKUxdyfa&Tpnf;cHk taemufajc&if;aZw0efausmif;ü pmoifawmfrlonfh wdavm*k½k bkef;awmfMuD;udk yknapwDa&Tp&yfü pmoifawmfrl&eftyfonf? aemufvnf;apwDawmf taemufawmifajc&if;rSm aZw0efa&Tausmif;aqmufí vSLawmfrlonf/ ouú&mZf 968ck (1606) a&TjrdKUawmfaiGpifacsmif;ajrmif;em;wGif jyó'f ausmif;aqmufawmfrlí xdkESpfyifjynfudk csDawmfrlonf? crnf;awmfyg trIxrf; rif;nDrif;om;rSL;awmfrwfawmfwdkUudk jrdKU&Gmtrnf t0wftpm; tqift,if wdkUudk txdkuftavsmufoem;awmfrlonf/ tdrfa&SUaemufyg rvefuykyÜaonf ESifh aqGom;rsdK;om;wpkwdkUudk aoG;aomufuyrD;vGwfaiGxGuf tyfawmfrlonf/ ,ef;pkaoewfaonfpufa&mufiZG,f& aoG;aomuf,Gef;pkaoewfrSm jznfhoGif; í bGJUawmfrlonf/ vkyfajraeajray;csoem;awmfrlonf? vkyfajraeajrrSm jrpnf;cHkbk&m; &Sif0wfawmfajr ioufcdkifwdkifeuf? anmif&Gmajrudk vkyfajr 22J ajrwm0ef; 8udk nDawmfppfudkif;rif;MuD; wdkif;wmrSwfom;í ay;csoem;awmf rlonf/ tcGeftwkyftaumufpm;qdyfwnfyGJul;uRJaoEGm;ao om;eHwifyg;? tdrfbdkU&Gmwuftdrfjyifpifvkyf 286 (7 November 1637) trSKudk aonfpufa&mifiZG,f&wdkU enf;vGwfjidrf;ap oem;awmfrlonf/ aeajrwGifaeí trIawmfudk aeUwdkif;vkyfpm; xrf;&Gufap? tdrfawmfESifh csay;oem;awmfrlonfh vufa&G;vufopf a&G;MuD;tpkom;wdkUudkvnf; tjrifhjrdKU t0if ivHk;oif&Gmicspfjrwdkifeufajrty,f 40udk axmufuJolMuD;i,fwdkUudk udk,fpm;ajrtcGefpm;oem;awmfrlonf? xHk;pH&Sdonfhtwdkif; tcGefb@mwdkUudk pm;&onf/ rif;nDrif;om;rl;awmfrwfawmf trnf& trIxrf;'dkifom; 0if;om; udk,f&Haoewftajrmuf a&Tav;a&TvSHol&Jaumif;[ef crnf;awmfbk&m; aemufawmfygtmrcH 15wyfom;wdkUudkvnf; txdkuftavsmuf trnft&nf jrdKU&GmuHauR;tpD;teif; taqmift&Guf tpGJtudkif rSwfom;í oem;awmf rlonf/ ouú&mZf 969ck waqmifrkef;vqef;4&uf3aeU (13 October 1607) oa&acwå&modkU csDawmfrlonf/ vufa&G;MuD;avSawmfudk a&SUaqmifavSawmf jyKícsDawmfrlonf/ ouú&mZf 970jynfh 0gacgifvqef;9&uf1aeU(10 July 1608) oa&acwå&m jynfjyif wyfysufonf/ 4if;11&uf3aeU (12 July 1608) jrdKUysufonf? jynf&efEdkifrSL;udk tvkyftauR;ESifh rdk;aumif;odkU ydkUxm;aponf? xm;&mwGif vGefonf? oa&acwå&mjynfysufvQif jynfaejynfom; oHkUzrf;&vuf&qifjrif;vufeuf b@mt&mrsm;udk odrf;,lawmfrlí rif;&JodcFoludk jrdKUapmifhxm;onf/ ouú&mZf 970jynfh owif;uRwf vjynfhausmf5&uf1aeU (18 September 1608) jyefawmfrlí aejynfawmfodkU a&mufvQif tpktief;bGJUjyD;&Sdonfh vlpkwdkUrSmvnf; tpktief;&if;twdkif; xrf;&Gufaponf/ vkyfajraeajray;csoem;awmfrljyD;onfudkvnf; ay;csoem; awmfrl&if;twdkif; oem;awmfrlí tpk&if;rSm xrf;&Gufap? &efEdkifavSoif;om; wdkUrSmvnf; &efedkifrSL;tkyfpkavsoif;ESifhwuG vufa&G;MuD;om;enf; &efEdkifavSpk bGJUawmfrlonf/ vufa&G;om;enf;aeajray;csoem;awmfrlonf? aeajrpyfwGif vkyfajrvnf; ay;csoem;aw,frlonf? 4if;jynfavSom;wdkUudkvnf; aumfawmf&E´rdwfudk aoG;aomHMuD;cefUí ESrawmfudk ay;onf? jynfygjrif; 100udkvnf; aoG;aomufMuD;cefUí eSrawmfudk ay;onf? jynfygjrif; &efcGifpkom;wdkUudkvnf; vkyfajrpm;ajrrwå&mjrdKU iqk 287 (7 November 1637) vkyfpm;&onf/ jynfygcJaygifa&TavSom;wdkUudkvnf; ta&SUbufanmif0rf;&Gmajr 47J ay;csoem;awmfrlí xm;rOD;cs wnfxGifvkyfpm;&onf? trSKawmfudk xrf;&Guf& onf/ yGJvHk;pif&HefvHk;pif tpkom;wdkUudk ta&SUbufawmif&Gmajr ty,f30 ay;csoem;awmfrlonf/ jynfygavSMuD;pkom;wdkUudkvnf; jrdKUopfiyef;ndKMuD; wdkifeufy,f160vkyfajr ay;csoem;awmfrlonf/ vGef;csnfavSom;wdkUrSm atmifyifv,f iyef;ndKMuD;wdkifeuf 76y,f vkyfajray;cs oem;awmfrlonf/ jynfjrdKUawmf avSom;wdkUudk awmifbufc½dkifqnfa&aomuf rif;uefiyef;ndK wdkifeufvkyfajry,f 80aeajry,f 100 ay;csoem;awmfrlonf/ anmifapmuf avSom;wdkUudkvnf; ta&SUbufwGif wGif;oif;ajrtpyf awmifjyHK;MuD; qkawmif; jynfhbk&m; &Sif0wfajruefMuD; &Gmi&qGHwdkifeuf wjyifvkyfajr 56y,f ay;csoem;awmfrlonf/ 'dkif;ajrppf'dkif;om;wdkUudk ta&SUbuf iarTMuD;wdkifeuf &Gmajr 125y,fay;csoem;awmfrlonf/ ajrwJavwJtif;wdkifavSom; uwl;aygufavSom;wdkUudkvnf; ta&SUbufrwå&mtpyf oajyvSa&vTJtjcm; qdyfomicspfcdkifwdkifeuf y,f400? vkyfajraeajr&Gmukef;yg;qdyfom&Gmajrudk ay;csoem;awmfrlonf/ "eufyvmqifawmf 14pD;om;wdkUudkvnf; rwå&mjrdKU qkawmif;jynfhbk&m;0wfajrtpyf &Sm;apmif;ESJMuLawmuRef;udk qifajrwcsuf ay;csawmfrlonf/ ouú&mZf 971ck (1609)awmifiludk csDawmfrlonf/ crnf;awmf aemufyguRefawmfrsdK;rif;nDrif;om;rSL;awmfrwfawmfjrdKUpm;&Gmpm; trSKxrf;wdkU udk tpD;teif;taqmift&Guf txdkuftvdkuf qkvyfay;oem;awmfrlonf? crnf;awmf aemufawmfygwvdkif;ol&J 15wyfom;wdkUudkvnf; tif;0rJpHykqdk;? aiG 5dpD oem;awmfrlonf/ acgif;aoG;MuD;wdkUudk oHaomtusÐeufeD ykqdk;wvdkif; bmomAsnm;trnfbGJUoem;aw,frlonf/ jrefrmuRefawmfrsdK; udk,f&H'dkif;om; 0if;om;wdkUrSm jrif;wpD;i,fom;ig;a,mufcefUxm;&onf/ avSoif;pkwGif a&G;&efEdkifavSom;wdkUrSm avSacgif;avSOD;aeyJh 288 (7 November 1637) eif;udkvufcg;csDMudK;arSmufvlb,ufwefqmpHk? 0wfeDyef;xnfavSmfvlwdkUudk oem;awmfrlonf/ axmifuJwdkUrSm ouúvyfeDtusÐ? avSoif;rSL;wdkUrSm ig;ywfcHwGif;eDyg;xnftdwfoGwfwufa&Tig;wefU? uGrf;Muyfvbuftdk;usdKif; ay;awmfrlonf/ axmifuJi,fom; pmusufwdkUrSm ta&SUbufay&if;ajrrd awmf&ifydukef;wdkifeufajrav;&yftwGif;udk ay;csoem;awmfrlonf/ ouú&mZf 972ck awmfovif;vjynfhausmf2&uf6aeU (24 August 1610) awmifiljrdKUudk atmifawmfrlonf/ jymodkvqef;4&uf6aeU (7 December 1610) Anm;? jynf? tif;0? awmifiljrif;6pD; awmifilrS t0odkU csDawmfrlonf/ r[mOy&mZmoufawmfapmifh iyHknGefUijrwfausmfwdkUESifh vlaygif; 450 r[mOy&mZm aemufawmfyguGrf;ordefpk? oD&deE´a&mfwm? oD&deE´umrPdwdkUESifh uGrf;ordefpkvl 50pDawmif;í ocF,mESifhwuG odrf;jref;awmfrlcJhí tif;0odkU a&mufvQif awmifilocF,mudk ajrmufbufjrif;rSL;cefUawmfrlonf/ awmifilu odrf;awmfrlcJhonfh trSKxrf;wdkUudk ppfawmfrlí tpktief;bGJUawmfrlonf/ awmifilodrf;pk? xm;0,fjrif;? aygufeDpm;aoG;aomuf? aumvd,pm; aoG;aomuf? uGef;acsmif;pm;aoG;aomuf? uRJrukpm;aoG;aomufwdkUudk jrif;tyfawmfrlí vkyfajraeajray;csoem;awmfrlonf/ aeajrta&SUbuf rEÅav;bk&m;&Sif0wfajrpm;ajry,f 150 ay;csoem;aw,frlonf/ Oy&mZm aemufawmfyg oufawmfapmifh iyHknGefUijrwfausmfwdkU tkyfeufvl 40udk aoewftyfawmfrlí taemuf0if;twGif;rD;ygaoewfzGJUawmfrlonf/ vkyfajrae ajray;cs oem;awmfrlonfum; qkawmif;jynfhbk&m;&Sif ajrawmifjyHK;MuD; ajry,f 80? jrefrmjrif; 16pD; &Jabmfpm;vufa&G;rSL;wdkU aoG;aomufjrif;om; wdkUudk qkawmif;jynfhbk&m;&Sif ajrugef;awmif;&Sm;ajrudk aeajray;csoem;awmf rlonf/ ewfjrif;om;wdkUudk ajrejcnf&Gmae ajrcsawmfrlonf? tacgifjrif;om; wdkUudk uyGJ&Gmajrudk aeajrcsawmfrlonf? aZ,a,mwm aoG;aomufvuf0J rdwdkufvusfmjrif;om;wdkUudk aygufawmfuH&Gmudk aeajrcsawmfrlonf/ &ef 289 (7 November 1637) eif&efatmifom;wdkUudk awmifukvm;ajrudk aeajrcsawmfrlonf? rif;w&m;jrif;? &J&nfrSefjrif;om;wdkUudk 0&if;wkwfjrdKUajrudk aeajrcsawmfrlonf/ [Hom0wDqifjzL&Sif bk&ifhaemifausmfxifaemf&xmrif;vufxuf om;awmf r[mOy&mZmudk tdrfa&SUaqmufESif;awmfrl&mwGif a&Tyef;yefuGrf; ordefpk? oD&dpE´ur®m? oD&dpE´ea,mfwm 50pdkUESifh a&Tyef;yef tpkom;wdkUudk vkyfajraeajray;csoem;awmfrlonf? aeajrtif;0jrdKUawmif ta&SUrdkif;rGefacsmif;? awmifudkol&Jabmftpkwvdkif;ajrtjcm;? ajrmufudkjAJordaE¨mudk ajrESifhtpyf? taemufudk ewfpkv,fjyiftjcm;? vkyfajrrwå&mydk0qnfa&aomuf? uspGmbk&m; 0wfajrtpyf uif;&Gmawmif ta&SUbufuGyfajrawmif ol&Ja&Tjynftaemuf ol&J tajrmufoltdrf e,fav;&yftwGif; vkyfajt 72y,f 2pdyf 4if;ukvm;ukef; ta&SUawmif 12y,f ajrmif;aomufta&SUEkwfpk v,fwmaygufyifMuD;? uydkif;Ekwfpkv,f taemufol&Jajr? ajrmufudk 12y,fajrmifEkwfpkavwuGufjcm;? e,fav;&yftwGif; vkyfajry,f2pdyf ay;csoem;awmfrlonf/ vkyfajr aoG;aomufMuD; pm; 15y,f2pdyf vkyfajrrwå&mjrpfajrmHbuf? awmifudkolpuf? taemufudkol&Jjzwfp? ajrmufudkoluayguavmonf? e,ftwGif; vkyfajr 13y,fudk ppfudkif;rif;MuD;wdkif;wm rSwfom;ay;&onf/ ouú&mZf 912ck (1550) bk&ifhaemifausmfxifaemf&xmonf wvdkif; ordefaxmudk vkyfMuHí yJul;jrdKUudk wnfaxmifjyKpk xD;eef;pdkufaqmuf pHy,fawmfrlonfwGif om;awmfrif;&JausmfpGmudk tdrfa&SUay;awmfrlonf/ nDawmfrsm;udkvnf; toD;oD;jrdKUjyay;onf/ nDawmfrif;&JodcFoludk awmifiljrdKU udk ay;awmfrlonf/ nDawmftvwfowdk;"r®&mZmudk jynfudkay;onf/ trwfom; 10? qifawmfjynfMuD;wHqdyfESifh qif10? udk,f&Hawmf&HvHkoef? &HvHkarT? a&Tawmif'dkif;pGJ 'dkif;om;wdkUudk ESKwfíay;onf? nDawmfrif;&J oD[oludk rif; 290 (7 November 1637) wHk;jrdKUudkay;onf? qifawmfcspfpGmr&JESifhqif10? trwfom;10? wvdkif;ol&J 6acgif;? Zif;r,fuRefcHodk[ef? &Srf;aumif[ef? av;xyfzGJUí ay;awmfrlvdkuf onf/ jrdKUodkUa&mufvQif ol&Judk acgif;ESifh pdk[ef&Srf;av;xyfom;wdkUudk vkyfajray;csoem;awmfrlonf/ ouú&mZf 959ck (1597) anmif&rf;jrdKUuajymif;csDawmfrlí t0jrdKUwHwm;OD;ajrmufwJawmfaqmufí pHawmfrlonf/ ouú&mZf 960jynfh 0gacgifvqef;6&uf6aeU (28 July 1598) jrdKUwhcg;wdkifpdkufonf/ ouú&mZf 960jynfh 0gacgifvjynfhausmf6&uf0aeU (12 August 1598) a&Teef;awmf aqmufonf/ ouú&mZf 960jynfhwaygif;vqef;12&uf1aeU (25 February 1599) a&Teef;awmfwufonf/ pHy,fawmfrlonf/ yaxG;awmfrif;wHk;rif;MuD; udkvnf; taqmift&GufESifh wvdkif;ol&J6acgif;? &Srf; 4wyfom;wdkUudk xyfí oem;awmfrlonf/ anmif&rf;aemufawmfyg jrefrm&Srf;ukvm;wdkUudk tpktief; zGJUawmfrlonf/ ouú&mZf 972ck awmfovif;vjynfhausmf 2&uf6aeU (24 August 1610) awmifiludk tvdkjynfhonf/ ouú&mZf 974ck jymodkvqef;4&uf3aeY (15 December 1612) oHvsifudkcsDawmfrlonf/ ouú&mZf 974ck aESmif;wcl;vqef;8&uf5aeU(18 March 1613) oHvsifudkatmifí owårwJeef;awmfrSm 0gqdkawmfrlonf/ 4if;ouú&mZf 974ck (1610) ,dk;',m;rif;uRef? rkwårrif;uRef? Anm;'vykefuefonf/ a&Tbkef;awmfaMumifh rae0Hhí 32jrdKUESifh awmifilom; olaumif;om;ajr;wdkUudk vufaqmifjyKí uRefcH0ifvSmonf/ vla[mif;vlopf wdkU 4if;ouú&mZfwGif bGJUawmfrlonf/ oxHk? rkwår? 'l0? ppfawmif;? '0,f? olU&Sifwum&Gufbdwvdkif;Anm;'v a'gyHktrIxrf;t&yf&yf ta[mif;topf [Hom0wDae&if; vltrIxrf;wdkUudk ppfawmfrlí iuGefrdESifh vl 70udk aoG;aomufMuD;cefUí ol&Jwolpk bGJUawmfrlí ta&SU0if;awmfrSm jznfhawmfrlonf/ iuGefydESifhvl50udk ol&Jw&Gmpk bGJUawmfrlí 4if;0if;awmfrSm jznfhonf/ iavmifyefESifhvl50udk ol&Juavmifpk bGJUawmfrlí a&SU0if;rSm jznfhawmfrlonf/ ivdwfo&dESifh vl90udk ol&JwEGefpkbGJUí a&SU0if;awmfrSm jznfhawmfrlonf/ iaygufugef;ESifh vl49udk ol&Jw,lpbGJUawmfrlonf/ irdwdkU 2a,mufudk ol&JoraE¨m bGJUawmfrlonf? o 291 (7 November 1637) xHkygieDvm? i&Gufyd? iydkif? ionf? puf&GufwdkUudk ppfawmfrlí uRefawmfudk ab;bdk;vla[mif;wdkU ajymygonf/ aemf&xmrif;apmvufxuf aygufuHodkUqefí orD;unmquf(onf) wGif aemf&xmrif;MuD;onf xdkrif;rdzk&m;trSL;trwf vufeufudkif AdkvfvHk; wyfvHk;udk a&Tpnf;cHkbk&m;rSm a&pufogef;csí vSLawmfrlonf/ uRefawmfudk tduif? uHraumf? om&AdefrSef? om&**FgavSav;pif;om;wdkUyg &if;avSESifh odrf;,lí obifpHawmfrlonf/ rif;pD;awmfjzpfonfavQmuf&mwGif avS0 avSjrwfpD;jrJaqmifjrJavSESifh avSawmfavSppfwufbGJUawmfrlí ieDvmudk uH raumaoG;aomufMuD;? i&GwfydudkaoG;aomufMuD;cefUí avSawmf4pif;ESifh wyfzGJUawmfrlonf/ Asnm;'vaqGom;rsdK;om;pE´ur®udk pma&;pkbGJUawmfrlonf? a&Tyef;yef? 0if;ol&J? avSawmf4pif;? a0gawmfusdKif;awmf &wemxrf;pif 'vjrdKU 3pdkUom;wdkUudk Asnm;jzefudk wufawmfrlonf/ 4if;ouú&mZfwGif(1610)rkwårjrdKUodkUul;í pHawmfrlonf? xm;0,fpm; onf aESmuf&SufaomaMumifh nDawmfESifhppfudkif;rif;wdkU vdkufvHzrf;qD;owfn§pf &mwGif xm;0,fpm;vnf; qifxufwGif aoewfESifhqHk;onf? xm;0mfpm;jrif; 100udk &mpkbGJUí qifpm&dwfbGJUawmfrlonf? xm;0,fpm;aqGom;rsdK;om;ESifh wuG xm;0,f? a'gyHk wvdkif;wdkUudk ppfaMumí ol&JwHqdyfbGJUawmfrlonf/ taemuf0if;rSm jznfhawmfrlonf/ ol&Jtdrf? ol&Jpuf? ol&Joyduwk? ol&JwHk? ol&JZ0D? ol&JwkvGwf? ol&JbufvGwf? ol&Japausmf? jAJwa&mfonf? onftpkudk bGJUawmfrlonf? udk,f&Hawmf0if;awmfrSm jznfhawmfrlonf? ouú&mZf 990wGif trnft&nft&mtxl;ay;onf? vufa&SUavSoif;? &efEdkifavSoif;? axmifuJtpktief; bGJUawmfrlí vkyfajraeajr ay;csoem;aw,frlonf? vufa&GaxmifuJ i 292 (7 November 1637) Zif;r,fudpöjyD;vQif [Hom0wDodkU jyefvnfawmfrlí [Hom0wDodkU pHkawmf rlonf? &JrufvufeufudkifwdkUudkvnf; jznfhawmfrlonf/ 4if;ouú&mZfwGif (1634) [Hom0wDwGif aeESifhonfh'dkif;om;0if;om;udk,f&Hawmf ol&Jaumif;[ef tMuD;wdkUpk½Hk;í rif;&J'dyÜudk eef;ucsjyD;vQif rif;&Jaemf&xmudk jrdKUapmifhxm;í rif;&J0oEÅESifh 'dkif;acgif;t0ef;axmifuJwdkU tdk;pMuD;rif;&J'dyÜudk eef;rScsaMumif; ESifh od&d"r®m&mZmtif;0odkUvmí avQmufonfwGif [Hom0wDodkU 4if;ouú&mZf (1634)wGif pHkawmfrlonf/ &Srf;jynf? ,Gef;jynfodrf;pk&Srf;wdkUudkvnf; ,Gef;pkaumif;[ef 0if;aumif; [ef? wyfaumif;[ef bGJUawmfrlí oifh&mjrdKU&GmrSm pkxm;awmfrlonf/ ,Gef;pkaumif;[efwdkUudk y&dr®? tjrifh? y'Hk? uef;eD? rif;acgif? ,lawmfrl? rlom? rtl? pv,f? MuyGifh? e,fwr,ft&yfwGif csxm;awmfrlonf? wyfaumif;[ef ionfwvnfrdkif[kefawmfvGefausmfwpnfrcGmjrdKUvSe,fwGif wyfaumif;[ef om;wdkUudk csawmfrlonf? wyfaumif;[efopf&myif? av;xkyf? ozef;qdyf4&Gm? qiftif;? pwk? ycef;t0ifqiftif;? armuúvH? wa&mf&Gmyk jyefvSnfh&Gmrsm;wGif pkxm;awmfrlonf? 4if;rif;wHk;jrdKU&Sd&if;aumif;[ef &Srf;4wyfol&J9acgifom; wdkUudkvnf; ol&J0ef&mZa,mfwmudk tyfawmfrlonf? 4if;&Srf;4wyfom;wdkUudk uRefawmf&if;Zif;r,fwGif 10pD;jrif;wk&ifAnm;udk trSL;cefUí &Srf;4wyfom; wdkUudk tyfawmfrlonf/ [Hom0wDodkU pHkawmfrlonf? pukjrdKUwyfaumif[efqifjzL&Sifbk&ifhaemif ausmfxifaemf&xmvufxuf ouú&mZf 912ck (1550) csawmfrlonfh aumif[ef awmf&if;wdkUESifh pyfí aeajrvkyfajrudk ay;csoem;awmfrlonf? wyfaumif[ef bGJUawmfrlonf? [Hom0wDodkUa&mufvQif r,Ht&yfwGif wJeef;awmfaqmufí pHawmfrlonf? bdoufcHawmfrlonf? oD&dok"r®&mZm r[m"dywdtrnfudkvnf; cHawmfrlonf/ ouú&mZf 996ck jymodkvjynfhausmf1&uf4aeU (24 December 1634) tif;0odkUjyefawmf 293 (7 November 1637) rlonf? a&mufawmfrlvQif a&Teef;wufawmfrlí pHawmfrlonf? &Srf;jynfu odrf;½Hk;awmfrlcJhonfh ,Gef;pkom;wdkUudk csxm;awmfrlonf? ,Gef;pkaumif[ef? 0if;aumif[ef? wyfaumif[eftpkom;wdkUudk vkyfajraeajrxyfí csay;awmf rlonf? rif;4xyfaumif[ef wk&ifyknmrSL;pkaumif[efom;wdkUudk vkyfajr awmf&if;y,fbGJUí rSwfom;&rf;a&mfí vkyfajray;csoem;awmfrlonf? rif;wHk;jrdKUe,ftwGif; csay;awmfrlonf/ pukb,mtdrfaonfpJoif&efaonf pJpmwDtrIaoaonfauGwdk tkyfeuf wyfaumiff[efom;wdkUudk pukjrdKUtwGif; vkyfajraeajrcsawmfrlonf? jrdKUe,ftwGif; csay;awmfrlonf? pukt0if ukef;usnf;a&0wfv,fy,f 500 csay;awmfrlonf? ycef;jrdKUt0if qif,ifausmifpGmwa&mfarmuúvH&Sd 912ck (1550) csxm;awmfrlonfh Zif;r,f10pDjrif;i,faonf&Hcsay;awmfrlonf? jyefvnf&Gmpkxm;awmfrlonf? &Srf;twGif; 30jyif Zif;r,f&a,mfwmudk trSL;cefU awmfrlí Zif;r,f&a,mfwmrSL;pk wyfaumif[efwdkUudk uEéDjrdKUe,f t0ifjyefvSnfaeajr ay;awmfrlonf? vkyfajrawmf&rf;a&mfcsay;awmfrlonf? 4if;opf&myif4&myifxkyfaumif[efudk puúa'0aoG;aomuf &Srf;jrif;awmfonf aonffpJcefausmfonfpkopf&myif4xkyfpkxm;awmfrlonf/ wyfaumif[efwdkUudk ajrwl;jrdKUt0if xef;wyifjrdKUopf&myif4xkyfajrudk aeajrcsawmfrlonf? vkyfajrawm&yfukef;vQif a&0wfvkyfpm;avmufatmif awmwjyifudka&mf&rf;í ay;awmfrlonf? ozef;qdyf&GmrSm pkxm;awmfrlonf? puúa'0aoG;aomuf &Srf;jrif;bufydkufrSL;pk ozef;qdyfpuúygavajrozef;qdyf twGif;oifajrudk vkyfajraeajray;csawmfrlonf? vkyfajrwGif &y,faygif; 400? 4if;rOD4&GmwGifpkxm;onf? wyfaumif[ef Aa&mf"maoG;aomuf&Srf;jrif;oD&dtJuH acgif;rSL;pkxm;wdkUudk wy,if;jrif;10pD; t0ifajr4&Gmajrvkyfajraeay;csawmf rlonf/ vkyfajrawmf y,fbGJU&rf;a&mfí ay;csawmfrlonf? qiftif;rSm pkxm;awmfrl 294 (7 November 1637) onf? &Srf;wdkUudk Zif;r,ftwGif;rif;&JawZudk trSL;cefUí wyfaumif[ef txufaumif[efom;wdkUrSm a&SU½Hk;awmfa&SUwef;vsm;aqmufí ol&J 12om; wdkUESifh apmifhaexrf;&Guf&onf/ rif;wHk;wyfaumif[efwdkUrSm vSH&Snftyfawmfrlí rif;wHk;jrdKUtapmifhtae xrf;&Guf&onf/ pukwyfaumif[efqiftif;armuúvHiwa,mf&GmykysvSnf;wyf aumif[efwdkUrSm vSH&Snf? ta&SUtapmifhol&J 12wyfom;wdkUenf; apmifhae xrf;&Guf&onf? qiftif;opf&myifozef;qdyf4&Gmaumif[efwdkUrSm xef;wyifvl 40tyfawmfrlonf? qiftif;rSm aoewfygteuftyfawmfrlí ta&SUwacgif; cefUxm;onf? ol&J12wyfom;wdkUenf;apmifhae xrf;&Guf&onf/ aumif[ef wHaqmif;ol&JwHaqmif; &Srf;ydkufvuf,if;wHapmif;oHk;wyfom;wdkUrSm wvSnfh 2a,mufqHnreufaps;MuD;aps;i,f vSnfhywfí vufay;aumuf,l&onf/ tdyfzefawmfwvSnfhoifhvQif tvgef;oifholwdkUudk wdkufawmfuESD;&if; awmfbdk;aMu;awmf 25dpDay;awmfrlonf/ rdyfzeftvSnfhvGwfvQif aMu;&if;udk wdkufawmfrSm oGif;jrJoGif;&onf? ESpfopftwmawmfoifhvQif auR;awmfrlonf? wHapmif;tdyfaumif[efwdkU t0wfrnf;aMumifcsnfeufpD ay;awmfrlonf? t0ef;trSL;wdkUudk t0wfeDaMumif tusÐaygif;xkyfay;awmfrlonf? uHawmhvuf aqmifawmfrSm trSL;t0ef;wdkUu zsnfa&avQmfESifh uHawmh&onf/ aumif[efrSL; wdkUrSm "g;½dk;vkyfa&TuGyftdrf ig;ywfcHwGif; 0wfvHkouúvyf armHvHkzJeuf a&Tcsnfoef;? t0wf;wdkUrSm t&yfeDyHk&Snftdrf? i,fom;wdkUrSm arSmufwdkeDwdkuf awmfuxkwfí ay;awmfrl&onf/ ouú&mZf 450 (1088)yk*Htavmif;pnfolrif;MuD;onf &Srf;jynf,Gef; jynftvHk;udk odr;½Hk;awmfrlí tjyefwGif [JvJeJavavnft&yfwGif &Sdaeonfh &Srf;"Ekvlaygif; 40wdkUudk odrf;½Hk;awmfrlí u&ifwdkUaeonfh awmif½dk;aZmf*sDjrpf em;wGif jrdKUopfwnfí csxm;aexdkifaponf? u&ifwdkUudk wdkufzsuf&rnf? awmif½dk;wGif aiGcsufí toufarG;apvsuf vkyfonfh aiGwGif;u&vQvnf; 295 (7 November 1637) wGif;bdk;wGif;cGeftwGuf ig;ywfa&aiGcsdefav;qufoGif;ap? "Ek&Srf;tdk;pMuD; 9odrf;&Sifudk wGif;rSL;cefUí vl40wdkUudk bGJUawmfrlonf? vl 40&Gmajrtydkif; tjcm;vnf; rSwfom;í ay;csawmfrlonfh ajrtydkif;tjcm;um; ta&SUajrmufudk vm;aomf wa,mfausmufwHcg;a&xGufwzuf anmifwyifajrESifh ausmcdkif;? ta&SUudkvm;aomf abmfqifusHK;ausmufavScg;MuD; ausmufavScg;i,f Zmwdxif;½I;awmifonf tjcm;wbufa,mufapmufajrESifhausmcdkif;? ta&SU awmifudkvm;aomf xrif;pm;rSwfajyw½dk;tjcm;wbuf a,mufapmufajrESifh ausmcdkif;? awmifodkUvm;aomf armifaxmif;ygjzKwfacsmif; OD;ausmufiSufaMumif pifacsmif; &Srf;rcsyf0geDcsHkawmifydkvifavcifOD vufaqmifcHnH 9qkwfausmuf a&wifajyoHk;pHk? ausmuf3acG anmifjzLyifwGif uefrausmufacgif;rsm; 0ifausmufa&wifyufvuf &Srf;raoa&SmifuayG ewfxdwfvrf;tjcm;wbuf &GmiHajrESifh ausmcdkif;? taemHawmifudkvm;aomf Zv*FgausmufwHcg;qD;yif a&ul;tjcm;wzufrdkif;tif;v,fajrESifhausmcdkif;? taemufudkvm;aomf iSufMuD; vnfqGJ? wzufrpGHqdyfacsmif;? yHkcGuf&dwf? a&csnfacsmif;? odrfawmfyef;wiful awmifndK0f? vSHxdk;ulyHkawmifjrdKUacsmif;bk&m;? oH&Gmbk&m; anmifjzLyiftjcm; wbuf apmvSjrdKUanmifvSjrdKUe,fajrESifhausmcdkif;? taemufajrmufodkUvm;aomf &ifcwfawmifausmufvJacsmif;tjcm;wzuf jrifpdkif;jrdKUajre,fESifh ausmcdkif;? ajrmufudkvm;aomf rsufuGif;MuD;rsufuGif;i,f? iqdwfawmifESifh yef;awmif; awmifMuD;ausmufxwfa&a0xif;½l;idkufEGm;EHk;awmifrdk0f;pyfMuD; rdk;pyfi,f ukef;½dk;rqiftif;&Srf;rif;awmifukef;MuD;½dk; trGefawmif? awmifydkU4vHk;tjcm; wbuf&GmiHqm;vif;ajrESifhausmcdkif;? e,f&Spf&yfowfonf? twGif;ta&SU taemuf 2aomif;2wdkifuGm e,f&Spf&yfowfí awmifajrmufoHk;aomif;uGm e,f&Spf&yfoyfí "Ekvl 40om;wdkUudk aiGcGefqufvkyfajraeajr ay;csoem;awmf rlonf? "Ek&Srf;wdkUaqGeD;rsdK;pyfvlMuD; 44udkvnf; a&G;cs,fawmfrlí ausmhacgif;jzpfapwGif;rSL; 9 296 (7 November 1637) odef;&SifucefUxm; odrf;½Hk;ESdK;aqmfí tcGefawmfwESpdwMudrfqufoGif;ap bGJUawmfrlí 44udk ausmhacgif;cefUxm;awmfrlonf/ aemufyef;,wpD;&Sifom; ig;pD;&Sifvufxufawmf aiGcGefawmf qufaus;&Gm ysufpD;aMumif;ESifh &Sdcdk;oHawmfOD;wif&mwGif ESpfpOfqufjrJ aiGcGefawmf 4udk 250dqufoGif;ap trdefUawmf&Sdí 250dqufoGif;&onf/ trSL;udk;odef;&Sifudkvnf; udk;odef;&Sifajrjzpfap rSwfom;í aiGcGefrSL;cefUonf? qifi,fwpD;vnf; oem;awmfrlvdkufonfESifh udk;odef;&Sifqifi,fcsnf t&yfudk "Ek&Srf;wdkU&yf&GmjyKpkwnfaxmifaeaomaMumifh qifi,fcsnf&GmwGifonf? aemHqifi,fcsD&GmolMuD;o®D;&Sif a'G;vSpHudk odrf;,lawmfrlí udk,fvkyfawmfuonf rdbk&m;ajr§mHonf? rdbk&m;udk tbqifcsnfolMuD;u jymodkvoefUpifay:&mwGif uZufig;&Gmpm;wdkUudk rdbk&m;xHoefUpifyef;quf&mwGif oefUpif&Sdonfh t&yfjzpfonf/ oefUpifay:csdefumva&mufvQif wESpfwMudrfqufoGif;ap trdefUawmf&Sdí wESpfwMudrfqufydkU&onf? qufydkU&onfwGif yef;yGm;ig;xrf;? wxrf;vQifpnf;a& 100? wpnf;vQif 12cdkif rif;{u&mZfrSm qufoGif;&onf? yef;udku&ifwdkUu vk,laMumif;avQmufxm;&mwGif u&ifwdkUudk tqD;tum a&SUodkif;ESifh a&SUaemufqD;um&onf? yef;acgif;tMuD;wdkUrSm wESpfvQif ykqdk;tusÐtpOf oem;awmfrlonf? &du©mqefqm;ig;ydudk wdkufawmfu xkwfay; &onf? prJ[if;vsmrSm aps;MuD;aps;i,frjyefrcsif; vufay;aumufpm;ap trdefUawmf&Sdí aumufpm;&onf/ rdk;n§if;rif;w&m;vufxufawmf 44&Gmabmf"Ek&Srf;wdkU ysufpD;vGifhyg;í w&yfwaus; ta0;jrdKU&GmodkU 0ifaea&mufayguf&Sd&mwGif zGJU&if;vlwdkUudk qifi,fcsD&m rdzk&m;ajra'0e&mudk,fawmfrSL;cefUí odrf;½Hk;&mwGif &orQwdkUESifh &Gmig;&GmwnfaxmifjyKpkonf? aiGcGefawmfrSm wESpfvQif 4qufoGif;&ygonf/ ? tpkaiGcGefawmfom;jzpfí tdrfacs&Gm0ifrif;rSL;rif;cif; ppfol&if;vufeufudkif oa&? vJ? 0g? tHkwHk? OoQpf? rD;aoG;? 297 (7 November 1637) ajrjzL? opf? ysOf? Mudrf? a&Smf? yGJ&uf? ausmufxk? opfiifopfacgif;wkwf wif;ukwf 0if;jyifjcHvkyfrsmudk vGwfjidrfap trdefUawmf&Sdí vGwfjidrfcsrf;om &onf? ay;csoem;awmfrlonfh ajrwGif tcGeftwkwfr&Sd vGwfjidrf;aponf/ [Hom0wDa&mufrif;bdk;awmfvufxuf usD0efaersdK;pnfol 0efonf umv iOdurSL;MuD;onf [Hom0wDa&mufrif; crnf;awmfvufxuf usD0efvuf0JeE´ol0efonf aemufrif;a&TawmifrSL;0efonf? aemufeE´ol&d, 0efonfumv iwkwfrSL;MuD;onf? rif;&Ja&Tawmif0efonfumv iatmifxGef; rSL;MuD;onf? eE´ol&d,0efonfumv aZ,rSL;MuD;onf? aiGcGefawmfrSm wq,fh ig;qufoGif;&vQif usD0efrSm 150dwdkU a± 75d aiGcGefrSL;rSm 150d pm;½dk;tpOf xHk;pH&Sdonf/ r[m"r®&mZm"dywd trnfawmf&Sdawmfrlaom taemufbufvGefrif; w&m;MuD;bk&m;onf tif;0jrdKUawmfapmifh&JavS 10pif;bGJUawmfrlonfumv tif;0jrdKUawmfwGif aumif;jrwfaom aeU&uftcgü a&G;cs,fawmfrlí &JavSawmf 10pif; vkyfaqmifjyD;vQif &JavSawmfwufcwf xdrf;avSapmifh txufzGJU&if;wdkif; csif;wGif; ta&SUbufig;&m? taemufbufig;&Gmudk e,ferdwftydkif;tjcm; wdkif;wmí t&yf&yftpktief;ESifh wcsdefwnf; ouú&mZf 976ck awmfovif; vqef;3&uf6aeU (26 August 1614) tcgawmf&onfhtwdkif; &JavSawmfom; wdkUudk vkyfajraeajr &JavSwdkufzGJUí ay;csoem;awmfrlonf? csif;wGif; ta&SUbuf y&dr®&Gm? iajymifukef;&Gm? vufawmf&m&Gm? refusnf;cG&Gm? cifrGef&Gm? csif;wGif;taemufbuf rHknif;&Gm? ausmufaqmuf&Gm? y&defom&Gm? o&ufudkif; &Gm? cGefom&Gm? &Gmaygif;10? ibHkcdkifudka'0ausmfpGmxif trnfESifh &JavS0efiEdk;udk &JavSpma&; cefUawmfrlí taqmift&Guf uGrf;cGuf vufbuf tdk;waumif;ydwf&Spfajr§mifhaiGaxG; tifusdKif;2opfcHuawmifa&Ta&;Zmr&Dyef;cuf udkuftem; oH4opf jrif;uoHudkif;&ef aygufoHyk&mcGef a&TZ0geif;ESif; odyfZufyumtdrfajr§mifvuGif; &ifbwfuGif;aiGZ0ga&; ouúvyftkyfcuf xdyfaqmif; anmif&GufMuD;a&TMu,fwyf? wif,ef;Zuf 298 (7 November 1637) &Tef;oHk;qifh"g; rnf;o&DeufrTrf;&if;zsm;acG;racG;i,f aemufydwfoHyk&mcGef ywåjrm;pD oem;awmfrlonf/ iEdk;udkvnf; uawmifa&Ta&;Zmr&Dyef;cufudkuf tem;oH4opfjrif;MudK;ouúvyfa&TMu,fwyf oem;awmfrlonf/ 4if;rif;ouú&mZf 988ck e,kefv(May 1626) [Hom0wDacsmif; taemufbuf,m,DwJeef;awmfwGif pHawmfrlonf/ oHvsifa&mufewf&Sifaemifudk ,lrnf &cdkifwdkU&JavSESifhvmonf? &cdkif 500om;wdkUudk aZ,eHoludktyfí &JavSpD;aponf? 4if;rif;992ck 0gqdkv (June 1630) [Hom0wD ouúwJ eef;awmfwGif awmifav;tif;rpm; om;iwvdkif;? iolMuD;? iMudKif? jrdKUopfi,fpm; om;wk&ifodef;pnf;wk&ifod*Fom; irsdK;aemifwdkU t&nfwlvlpk wdkUudk &JavSpD;tif;rpm; aoG;aomuf bGJUawmfrlonf? bvHkpm;aoG;aomuf vlwpkwdkUudkvnf; &JavSppfuGwfbGJUawmfrlonf/ ouú&mZf 996ck(1634) oD&d"r®&mZm r[m"dywd trnfawmf&Sdaom &mZrkedpkVmbk&m; 'g,umawmf omvGefrif;w&m;MuD;onf [Hom0wDjrdKUawmfrS onf &wemyl& tif;0a&TjynfawmfodkU a&mufawmfrlvQif jynfjrdKU&JavS 10pif; avSpD;vltapmifhtxdef; vkvifwufcwfuHauR; jrdKU&GmzGJUawmfrlonf? AvausmfpGmudk a&wyf0ef? ijrdKUudk a&wyfpma&; cefUtyfawmfrlonf? tvQifbGJU& ig;vluHauR;jrdKU&Gmudk xyfrHoem;awmfrlí tyfawmfrlonf/ zGJUtyfawmfrlonfrSm uef;awmif;jrdKUu &JavSpD;acgif; ivl;ESifh vl 100? tapmifhvl4? txdef;vl 2? a&vkvif20? ukef;vkvif4? wufcwf 40 jznfhzGJUawmfrlonf? &du©mpyg;vnf; 1000 ay;&onf? wv,fpD;jrdKUu acgifacsmif;ESifh vl 50? tapmifhvl 2? txdef;vl 2? a&vkvif 10? ukef;vkvif 2? wufcwfvl 20? &du©mpyg; 500 ay;&onf? jyifMuD;jrdKUu acgif; ixGef;ESifh vl 50? tapmifhtxdef; vlvkvifwufcwf 4if;enf;wlay;&onf? MuHcif;jrdKUu acgif;iausmfESifh avSpD;vl 100? tapmifhtxdef; vkvifwufcwfvlwdkUudk &du©mpyg; yef;awmif;jrdKUenf;wl ay;&onf/ jynfjrdKUaus;0ufxD;uef ig;&Gmuvnf; acgif; 299 (7 November 1637) a&iom;wdkUESifh avSpD; vl 100? txdef;vkvifwufcwfvlwdkUudk &du©mpyg; 4if;enf;wlay;&onf? a&TawmifjrdKUacgif; iausmfESifh avSpD; vl50? tapmifht xdef; vkvifwufcwfwdkUudk &du©mpyg;ovJpD;jrdKUenf;wl ay;&onf? anmifyif qdyfyef;awmif;&Gmu csnf;aoG;aomufvkyf&onf? jr0wDjrdKU acgif; ijidrf;ESifh vl40usDrSm apmifhae&onf? &du©mpyg; 200 ay;&onf? umrjrdKUacgif; i&JESifh 40 usDrSm apmifhae&onf? qm; 1200 ay;&onf? jynfjrdKUu oHysOftkef;qHa& eHyGJ&uf ay;&onf/ vkyfvlrSm avSpD;avSxdef;wufcwfavS 4if;om;wdkUESifh vkyf&onf/ avSom;vlwdkU wjrdKUwjrdKUu 0efpma&; pyg;aygif; 150pD cswifvkyfpm;&ef bGJUay;&onf/ 4if;aemuf tif;0&JavSwdkufavSoif; oifa&TawmifESifhwuG pwk&*Foludk &JavS0efcefUawmfrlonf? aemifawmfrif;w&m;vufxuf &JpD;tif;rpm; aoG;aomuff vuf0JaZ,eHoleufvusfmaZ,eHoleuf txdef;tcsDpkaus;pm; oif;rSL;MuD;pk vuf0J&Srf;jrif;pkvusfm &Srf;jrif;&SpfpkbGJUawmfrlonf/ aemuf0rf;bJtif;pH rif;w&m;vufxufwGif jynfjrdKU&JavS 9pif; xyfjznfhí zGJUawmfrljyefonf? &JavS6pif;rSm rvGefjrdKU 1pif;? o&ufjrdKU 1pif; umrjrdKU1pif;? 3jrdKUacgif;aqmif 1pif;? jynfjrdKU 2pif; vkyfaqmifí rvGef&JavSrSm rvGeftonfvlESifh jynfjrdKUwGif apmifhae&onf? o&ufumrjrdKU uvnf; 4if;jrdKUtonf vlpkESifh jynfjrdKUwGif apmifhae&onf/ 3jrdKUacgif;aqmif &JavSrSmvnf; 3jrdKUom;uyif 4if;enf;wl apmifhMu&onf? jynfjrdKU&JavS 2pif; rSm jynfjrdKUtonfESifh apmifhae&onf? &JavS6pif;teuf O,mOfykwGif 1pif;? wvnfpD;wGif1pif;? vufeufpMumESifhapmifh&onf? &JavS4pif;rSm jynfjrdKUuif; armfqdyfwGif apmifhae&onf? a&wyf0efrSm O'defAvudkcefUonf? aemuf&r®a'0 udk cefUawmfrlonf/ ouú&mZf 972ck(1610) jyó'fausmif; 'g,umr[m"r®&mZm "dywd trnf&Sdaom taemufbufvGefrif;w&m;onf Zif;r,fjrdKUu tvdkawmfjynfh 300 (7 November 1637) í jyefawmfrlvQif [Hom0wDodkUa&mufonfwGif a&T'*Hkbk&m;udk rudk#fwifawmf rlonf/ uRefoD;awmf&if;rsm;udkvnf; bk&m;&SifrSmxyfí vSLawmfrlonf/ tif;0jrdKUvGwfvyfaeonfudkvnf; ppfudkif;rif;MuD;udk 0efcefUawmfrlonf/ ouú&mZf 982ck wefaqmifrkef;vqef;9&uf2aeU (23 October 1620) wGif nDawmfpvif;rif;udk rif;&JUausmfpGmtrnfay;awmfrlonf? 4if;vqef;3&uf 3aeU (17 October 1620) nDawmfrif;&Jod*Foludkvnf; owdk;"r®&mZm trnfay;awmfrlonf/ ppfudkif;rif;udkvnf; aemf&xmtrnfay;awmfrlonf/ rdk;eJapmfbGm;udkvnf; usdKif;wHkjrdKUudk trSDjyKí aESmuf&Sufaomif;Murf;avaom aMumifh ouú&mZf 983ckwGif wydkwGJv (January 1622) oDaygapmfbGm;u wyf"r®aomuwwyf? awmifilrif;ausmfxifwwyf? nDawmfrif;&JausmfpGmwwyf? usdKif;wHkjrdKUodkU csDaponf? a&mufvQif rdk;eJapmfbGm; opömawmfcHí 0ifpm;av onfh umvppfonfwdkUudk rwdkufbJaeaomaMumifh om;4yg; jrif;wyfrif;wdkUudk ydkUavonf? rif;&JodcFoljyifpnfrif;MuD;wdkUudkxyfí csDoGm;jyefaponf? usdKif;wHk jrdKUodkUa&mufvQif usdKif;wHkapmfbGm;onf opömudkcHí orD;unmqufonf? usdKif;wHkjrdKUodkU csDoGm;jyef&onf? usdKif;½HkjrdKUMuD;onf w½kyfwdkUESifh teD;tpyf jzpfaomaMumifh nDawmfowdk;"r®&mZmudk csDaponf? rdkif;qnfonfawmifxdyfrSm wnfaeaomaMumifh rwdkufzsufEdkif? 0ef;&Híom ae&onf? rsdK;&du©mukefrS rdkif;qnfpm;ESifh wjrdKUvHk;udk &onfESifh tvdkawmfjynfhvQif [Hom0wD aemifawmft&ifuoHkUzrf;vuf&&Srf;? ,Gef;? vl;? v0? uwl;rsm;udk odrf;½Hk;í usdKif;aonfjrdKUrSm pk½Hk;í aeav trdefUawmf&SdaomaMumifh usdKif;aonfjrdKUrSm pk½Hk;í ae&onf? aemifawmfbk&ifrSmrlum; aA'ifMudrf;cef;0wfyef;wdkUESifh wGufcsufaq;aMumí ouú&mZf 988ckwydkwGJvjynfh0aeU (20 January 1627) taemufbufwJeef;awmfodkU ajymif;aeawmfrlonf/ ouú&mZf 990jynfh yXr0gqdkvqef;8&uf5aeU (29 May 1628) wGif om;awmfrif;&J'dyÜ vkyfMuHí ouúrwJeef;awmfwGif tedpöa&mufawmfrlonf? taMumif; 301 (7 November 1637) udk usdKif;aonfrSm aeonfh nDawmfowdk;"r®&mZmrif;&JausmfpGmwdkUMum; odvQif aemifawmfbk&ifr&Sdonfudk [Hom0wDodkUjyefí tb,ftusdK;&Sdawmhrnfenf; rif;nDaemifESpfyg;wdkifyifawmfrlí crnf;awmfaejynfawmf tif;0odkU jyefrnf tMuH&Sdí rif;nDaemifESpfyg; AdkvfrSL;wyfrSL; ol&Jolcuf vufeufudkifwdkUESifh jrdKUyg&Srf;? ,Gef;? vl;? v0oHkUzrf; vuf&rsm;udk odrf;,lí jyefawmfrlcJhonf? yef;,jrdKUodkUa&mufvQif AdkvfrSL;wyfrSL;trSKxrf; trnf&wdkUudkvnf; txdkuf tvdkufqkvyfoem;awmfrlonf? vuf&odrf;pk&Srf;? ,Gef;? uwl;? v0? &Srf; wdkUudkvnf; tpktief; zGJUoolwdkUudk zGJUawmfrlonf/ armyg&Srf;wdkUudkvnf; armygjrif;10pD; zGJUawmfrlonf? armygjrif;udk jynfygjrif;[k aemiftcgwGifonf? rdkif;aqmfjrdKUuygonfh vlwdkUudkvnf; tJarmif;vSH&Snftyfí aonfuavnfpk zGJUawmfrlonf/ rdkif;[HkjrdKUyg &Srf;wdkUudk vnf; yef;bJpk zGJUawmfrlonf? usdKif;½HkusdKif;aonfjrdKUuygonfh &Srf;wdkUudk vnf; vdkifawmfpkzGJUawmfrlonf/ uwl;0aemfMuD;om; iaoG0g ianf[HkwdkUESifh vl 45udkvnf; ta&SUbuf bkwfoufu,fusif;&Gmajrudk vkyfajraeajr ay;csoem;awmfrlonf/ ta&SUbuf awmif½dk;wavQmuf yefawmfyef;udk ta&SUcsif;qufap? awmifxdyfopfcGa&wif a&Munfawmfudk cyf,lay;ap? bkwfoufu,fusif;&Gm wGif aexdkifvkyfpm;í yef;awmftrSKxrf;udk xrf;&Gufap trdefUawmf&Sdí tpOfqufoGif;&onf? xHk;pHrSm ta&SUajcmufcsif;yef;awmfudk aiGcGef0efaiGcGef pma&;wdkU oHawmfcHudktyfí qufoGif;&onf/ oMuFawmfMuD; oMuFawmfvwf oMuFawmfi,fac:awmfrlvQif awmifxdyfopfcG a&Munfawmfudk trnf& jrif;acgif;'dkif;rSL; jrif;awmfonf a&Tyef;yefykPÖm;wdkU Muyfrí tdk;acsm pavmif;acsmqdkif;eD yk0geDtkyfí cyf,lay;onf? yefawmfyef;udk aiGcGef0efaiGcGef pma&;wdkU tdrfa&mufwESpfESpfMudrf waygif;voefUpifyef;wMudrf? uqkefv za,mif;yef;wMudrf? qufoGif;&onf? yefawmfa&rsm;udk qufoGif;xrf;&Gufol wdkUudk vkyfajraeajrpm; ajray;csoem;awmfrlonf/ 302 (7 November 1637) bkwfoufu,fusif;&Gmajrum; ta&SUajrmufudkvm;aomf ausmufyHk ausmufpkxd a&MunfajrESifhausmcdkif;? ta&SUudkvm;aomf aiGawmifawmif½dk;xd oHk;q,fajrESifhausmcdkif;? ta&SUawmifudkvm;aomf . . .? awmifudkvm;aomf . . . ? taemHawmifudkvma;omf . . ? taemufudkvm;aomf . . . / taemufajrmufudk vm;aomf aq;orm;tdkif? ozef;cg;yifxd uefMuD;ajrESifhausmcdkif;? ajrmufudk vm;aomf uiffyGef;acsmif;xd uefMuD;ajrESifhausmcdkif;? e,f&Spf&yfowfrSwfí ay;csvkyfpm;aexdkifaponf? 4if;bkwfoufu,fusif;&Gmajrudk 0efMuD;eE´ a,mxm? &mZoMuFwdkUMuyfrwdkif;wmí e,f&Spf&yfESifhwuG ay;csoem;awmf rlonf/ &Gme,f&Spf&yftwGif; bk&m;ajrausmif;ajrtvGwftcGeftwkwftdrfbdk;&Gm wuf0if;jyifjcHvkyf? qdyf? wnf? yGJ? uif;? ul;wdkU? uRJao? EGm;ao? teH? wifyg;? ay;½dk;r&Sd? ay;csoem;awmfrlonfh e,fajrtwdkif; yef;awmfa&awmfudk qufoGif;xrf;&Gufí trSKao;zGJtvHk;rsdK;udk vGwfjidrf;csrf;omaexdkifvkyfpm; &onf/ ouú&mf 702ck uqkefvqef;4&uf5aeU (30 March 1340) nnfh3csufwD;ausmfwGif cifomodkU[efcefonfvlrsdK;Adkvfaygif; 2500ESifh odEéDe,fjrdKUudkwnfonf/ wHcg;11? tus,fwm0ef; 1345wm? jrdKU&yf 10F xk 5F2d? usHK;tus,f 5wm? teuf10F? jrdKUESifhusHK;tuGm 2wm? jrdKUtjzpfüudk wnfonf? odEéDjrdKUe,fum; ta&SUajrmufudkvm;aomf? ajcmuf&ufc&D;uGm rdkif;uawmif½dk;xd wbufw½kyfajrESifhtpyf? ta&SUudkvm;aomf oHvGifjrpf wbufeHawmifxd w½kyfaMurdkifrdefajronftjcm;? ta&SUawmifum; v0awmifqif; vif&GmoHvGifjrpfonftjcm;? awmifudk &Spf&ufc&D;uGm aemifpma&;ppfyifxd oDaygajrESifhtpyf? taemufajrmufum; ig;&ufc&D;uGm rdk;eJjrpfi,fxdonftjcm;? ajrmufum; ig;&ufc&D;uGmcJaeawmif a&TvDjrpf aumufaumufpif;pif;wbuf w½kwfajrtpyf? e,f&Spf&yftwGif; &Gmaus;vuf um; rdkifuspf? rdkifa&m&Snfvnf 303 (7 November 1637) &Gm? rdkifxH&Gm? pvJ&Gm? eef[def? eef[Hk? yefwuf&Gm? aemifyl'Htl&Gm? [Hkiif&Gm? &Gm[Hk&Gm? &rdkif? usdKif;vnf? rdkif[? rdkif½dkif? rdkifawmufcrf? eef[def? vJuwf? eHavmif? eHzHk? empnf&Gm? umvd&Gm? [Gef&Gm? q,faum? refykwf? refpdef? ref&Guf? rdkif&J? ref[def? [J&Gm? rmefusnf? yefeuf? yef0wfruf? ac:[dk? wdwm? avaemif? iyif? rkwf[def? eu©wf? aemifcsdK? [wf[J? uefawmif? yefcsif? emuJ? aemifrif? [dkpJ? rdkifwuf? aemaem&Gm? vk&Gm? wwfaygifum;? MudK;vGefjrdK;? rSdKif;ok? rdkifpif? rdkif,nf? usdKifvGef? jydKodcuf&Gm? rH0&Gm? emvdwf&Gm? rHaumuf&Gm? rdkifokt0ifum; wmi,f&Gm? [Jyg? rdefbdef? [dkxGefcsm;vl&Gm? [JtGH&Fm? rdkif,nft0ifum; ia&mif? wJvm? eHwdef? awma[mem&Gm? rdkif½kt0ifum; wG[Hk? pJvlyd? ydefpJ? arS&Gm? jrdKUaygif; c½dkifwdkUu jrdKUrqdkwESpfwMudrf xyfaygif;ig;jrdKUu zJeDzJpdrf;? a&Tzvm;vkyfí ESpfopfuefawmh&onf? ppf&SdvQif 4if;jrdKUu ewfuEém;jrdKUodkU bufay;&onf/ aus;vuf&Gmi,frsm;u ESpfpOf tcGefquf&onf/ uif;4uif;? aps;4aps;&Sdonf? aus;&Gmc½dkifwdkUrSm apmfbGm;u trwfwdkUudkay;í pm;Mu&onf? tjcm;aus;pm; &Gmpm;r&Sd? ay;½dk;r&Sd? ESpfopf a&Tb0g;awmfatmuf uefawmhqif;vQif apmfbGm;trwfwdkU uefawmh&onf? apmfbGm;ujrif; 2 a&TyifMuD; 2yif? yifi,f 2yif? zJvdyftpdrf;? a&Tzvm; 5d vkyfa&Tyef;aiGyef; a&Tza&mif;wdkif aiGza&mif;wdkif 50pD uefawmh&onfudk a&S;xHk;pHtpOf&Sdonf/ odEéDapmfbGm;wdkU aqmifjrJum; xD;eD 2 xD;0g 2 xD;jzL 2 qifaygufr 2 aAgif;a&TteD 1pk a&T2pk jrif;MudK; uwåDygwif7rf;Zuf&Trf; 3qifh a&TMu,f wwfESif; eif;odyf? uawmifa&Ta&;? Zmr&Dyef;cufudkuf? tem;oH4opf? ua&T0g7yGifh? "m;ewfoH ywåjrm;pD7wefU? tdwfoGwfacG;i,facG;r? ausmufpD "g;vdkuftdrfcwf 4? uGrf;cGufwaumif;ydwf vbuftdk;uawmifausmuf w&pfpD a[mywifwHkvHk a&Tcszxskufwnf0ifu urÜwfowftdyfvSnfhtdyfbef? pnf3vHk;? ESJ4? c&m4? aqmif&Guf&ygonf/ 304 (7 N0vember 1637) ouú&mZf 760jynfh wul;vjynfhausmf5&uf4aeU (6 March 1398) eHeufwcsufwD;ausmf 3armif;wGif Aef;awmfjrdKUudk aqmifrdkifcefwnfonf umvjrdKU&yf 7FjrdKU07F2d wm0ef; 1600? usHK;tus,f 5wm teuf 9awmif? wnfonfumv 0wfMuD;bk&m; 7ql? jyMuD;4vHk;jyifjyi,f 18? c½dkifaus;&Gm e,fum; ta&SUajrmufudkvm;aomf ckepf&ufc&D;uGm rdkif;wD&Gmajrmuf ausmufwef; tjcm;wbuf w½kwfajrESifhtpyf? ta&SUodkUvm;aomf w&mufc&D;uGm EG,fuHkvHkxdwbuf w½kwfajrESifhtpyf? ta&SUawmifudkvm; aomf w&ufc&D;uGm awmif[kwfajrxdwbuf w½kwfajrESifhtpyf? awmifudkvm;aomf w&ufc&D;uGm ausmufacgif;avmif; 4yifxdrdk;rdwfajrESifh tpyf? taemufawmifum; ig;&ufc&D;uGm {&m0wDjrpfwbuf uomajrESifh tpyf? taemufudkvm;aomf av;&ufc&D;uGm {&m0wDjrpfaMumwbuf rdk;nif;ajrESifhtpyf? ajrmufudkvm;aomf ig;&ufc&D;uGm Z&JyifnDaemifxd wbuf rdk;nif;ajrESifhtpyf? ajrmufudkvm;aomf ajcmuf&ufc&D;uGm {&m0wD jrpfausmwbufxd yefajcmifrdk;aumif;ajrESifhtpyf? e,f&Spf&yftwGif; c½dkifaus; &Gmum;[dkay&Gm? ajc&Gm? eef;vS&Gm? war&Gm? pnfqufwmvnf? rdkifc? rdkifem;? [ifom? pnfawmf? ref&oGwf? ESdKifpnf? [Gwf0ef? aemifrdkif? vJrdkif? tdyfrdk;? avmrdkxpf? eefbm? ia[mifpGef? 0wmrk? apsa[mif/ refv? uifcif? aps;opf? rdkifum;? udkifvwf? wdwkwf? vnfukef&Sm? wkyfipGm? 0r? ig;ywf? 0gMuD;? &Gmyef wif? aemifyif? awmfvH? rdkifudkif? cifykwf? 0goGef? yef"m? [defaumif? pnfoif? ref0dkif? aemifjzpf? xHkacguf? aemufvGef? yef&Gm? pnfbk&m;? eHvdkif? aemufvuf? Muawm? em;[dk? pHkcef&Gm? armufrnf? awmykef? yifv,f? vGefajcmif? a0oHk? rdkifbl? wmodkif? wdefqif? bduk? rdkiful? uHa[mif&Gwf½dk? aw&m&Gmaygif; 100ausmf? acsmif; 84? awmif4vHk;? tif; 100ausmf? bk&m;a[mif; 4ql? aps; 4? uif;5? bk&m;0wfajrawmf 400ausmf? apmfbGm;aqmif&onfrSm qifaygufr 2? uGrf;pm; 305 (7 November 1637) cGuf? bbuftdk;? waumif;ydwf&Spfaxmifh y,if;wyf? a&TaxG;tif? "g;euf ausmufpDoHywf7wefU? "m;vdkuftdwfoGwf 2jrif;Zuf&Gef;3qifh? pD;ESD;wif&rf;? uwåDygjrif;MudK;a&TMu,fwyf? ESif;eif;odyf? uawmifa&Ta&;Zmr&Dyef;cufudkuf? tem;cH4opf? xdyftkyfoHy&mcGH? tdrfajr§mif&ifbwfuGif;tdrfjzL3qifh ywifukef vHk; a&TcstdyfOD; twdkifwnfxd? pdkuf? 0ifurÜwfowf? pnfeD3vHk;? aiGESJ? aiGc&m;4vHkpD? yHkom? vifuGif;? a&TvSH 10? aoewf 10? qifaygif;teD 2pk? a&T1pk? 0g0if0guRwf uefawmh&vQif a&Tzvm;5d vkyfajrm a&Tyef;yGifh aiGyef;yGifh 1pD;ESifh vbufacsmif;t&Snf 5F? acsmif;a& 12 ESifhuefawmh&m aqmif&Guf&onf/ ouú&mZf 683ck ewfawmfvqef; 13&uf4aeU (2 December 1321) eu©wf2vHk;wGif awmcdkufbGm;onf rdk;rdwfjrdKUudk Adkvf 10ESifh wnfaxmifjyKpk onf? jrdKUwm 0ef;2000? ta&SUtaemufawmifajrmuf wm 50pD? qHcg;udk; ayguf? usHK;tus,fwm7wm? teuf9awmif? jrdKU&yf8awmif? jrdKUjrpf 3awmif? jrdKUe,fum; ta&SUajrmufudkvm;aomf &Spf&ufc&D;uGm w½kyfajrESifhtpyf? ta&SUudkvm;aomf ig;&ufc&D;uGm ausmfuacsmwbuf rdkif½kwfrdkifwwf odEéDajrESifhtpyf? awmifum; oHk;&ufc&D;uGm ausmufjzLwbuf beftpyf? taemufawmifum; . . . ? taemufum; . . .? taemufajrmufum; ckepf&uf c&D;uGm {&m0wDjrpfem;ustjcm;? ajrmufum; ausmufjzLawmifwbuf Aef;armf ajrESifhtpyf? e,f&Spf&yftwGif; aus;&Gmc½dkifum; rdkvSdKif? aemifjrpf? uefwwf? aemifil? yifayg? pnfawmif? arm&Gm? vG,ft,f? cefrdkif? aemifrdkif? cGefaemif? armfrdkuf? wufrdkif? vmMuHK? om;rdkif? pnf[x? uHyef? emwdk? ydkpif? rSHuif? bifcdk? vkrnf? rdkifuGif? yefarm? yefvHk? uazmf? ukcGef? p&H&Gm? rGefrnGH? rHwJ (awmif) azmf&Gm? pdrfuef? ausmufMuD;wGif;? i,fukwf? t,fpum;? awmifrdkif? wdkifwif? wcGefwdkif? csdwfoif&Gm? tifawmf? eefaygif? tif&Gm? OD,OfyHk? &Gmr? ajcmifyifMuD;&Gm? jrifav[m? ttJ&Gm? 306 (7 November 1637) pwfpm;? ukefum;? rdkif[dk? [dka[m? wefidk? aemifac:? eefoJ? avom? cHknif? [dkcdkuf? [lvdef? qdwfqD;? cHkcg? uGefpvm? onfwHk? qifuGef? OyefMuD;? Oyefi,f? eHUomacsmif;? eHUxdwf? ausmufvJ[dk? bvHkpHk? [dkcdkuf? ywkef? a&jzL? i&nfcdk? uifEGJ? ausmufarmf? tifudkif? vifyuH? a&wcGef? refusnf;ikwfwdk? ywef? aemifxdkU? uifyGef;csHK? aemifvHk? "g;aoG? om;wif? qifaumif? wdwful? v,fuef&GmrSpí e,f&Spf&yftwGif; 0wfMuD; 22? bk&m;13? acsmif; 14? awmif4vHk;&Sdonfrsm;udk apmfbGm;trwfwdkU tkyfcsKyfonf? ouú&mZf 999ck (1637) omvGefrif;vufxuf t&yf&yfpm&if;odrf;½Hk;&mwGif a&TwdkufoGif;onf/ ouú&mZf 999ck(1637) pm&if;awmf ppfodrf;awmfrlonfhumv iSufMuD;odkufolMuD; ixGefaumifeH0touf48ESpfoludk ppfmwGif iSufMuD;&Gme,f um; ta&SUudkvm;aomf ausmufwHcg;wbuf t&mawmfajrtjcm;? awmifudk vm;aomf ausmufyef;wifwbuf oapö;qufajrESifhausmcdkif;? taemufudkvm; aomf acsmif;wbuf ajrpGefajrESifhausmcdkif;? ajrmufudkvm;aomf xefvuúoHk wbufaigcGefacgif;ajrESifh ausmcdkif;? e,fav;&yftwGif; vkyfajr 785y,f taemufvufawmifajr 100? uwHkppf? aiGtcGefawmftqufrSm wudk,fvQif aMu;50aumufí qufoGif;&onfrsm;udk olMuD;ixGefaumifa&TwdkufoGif; pmwrf;/ xGefwHk&Gme,fum; ta&SUudkvma;omf aerjrifawmif½dk;wbufa&Tpk trSKxrf;ajrESifhausmcdkif;? awmifudkvm;aomf cif½dk;wbufacsmif;MuD; jrpfus tjcm;wbuf pdrfhajrpyf? taemufudkvm;aomf 0ufukef;MuD;wbuf a&a0 ajrpyfonftjcm;? ajrmufodkUvm;aomf armf½dk;a&a0wbufonf tjcm;wnf;? e,fav;&yftwGif;wGif a&Tpkvkyfajry,faygif; 450? &Gm 23&Gm? bk&m;ul 1? acsmif;9auGU? awm4&yfwnf;/ eefaysmaiGcGef 12&Gmum; ta&SUudkvm;aomf ausmufwHcg;wbuf oDayg ajrtpyf? awmifudkvm;aomf oe½dkwbuf cHkwifajrESifhtpyf? taemufudk vm;aomf a&qkwbufrauGw&m;jrdKUajrtpyf? ajrmufudkvm; 307 (7 November 1637) aomfusnfxGef½dk; aumufaumufpif;pif; wbufoHkq,f oDaygajrtpyf? e,fav;&yftwGif; jrpfi,fnm c½dkifaygifESifh 0JMuD;a&ausmfa&qdkjyawmif vyfjywfausmf[J? rJwdk? owdk? cdkifuswf? av0JMuD;? eefaysm 12&Gmudk a&Teef;½dk; aiGcGefawmfquf e,fajrowfrSwfí w&GmvQif wacgif;pD? aiGcGefawmfwdkuf 12&Gm txufbGJUawmfrl&if;wdkif; ouú&mZf 999ckomvGefrif;w&m;vufxuf bGJUawmfrljyefonf? aiGum; vlwudk,fvQif 2d1L taoryg xrf;&Guf&onf? omvGefrif;w&m;vufxuf a'0&mrausmfxifudk trSL;cefUí xrf;&Guf&onf rsm;udk 10&Gmacgif; 12&Gmacgif; &r®oD[cH iEGefeH4 touf93ESpfolay;onfh pmwrf;/ pvif;jrdKUe,fum; ouú&mZf 732ck wayfid;vqef;4&uf3aeU (18 February 1371) eu©wf13vHk;ESifh 052yl;vsuf pvif;jrdKUudk oD[yawhwnf onf? jrdKUudkta&SUtaemuf 193g awmifajrmuf 193g wHcg;5ayguf? jrdKU&yf 10fxk4FjrdKUjrpf 2F? jrdKUcsifhwmuGm usHK;tus,f 30Fteuf8F? jrdKUESifhwuG pnfawmf a*gwrbk7m; 4ql axmifjy4vHk;udk wnfxm;jyKpkonf? oD[yawhrwnfrSD rif;e&ywdonfqnfawmfESifh jrdKUudkwnfonf/ ouú&mZf 999ck &mZrkPdplVm'g,umrif; vufxuf t&yf&yfjrdKUjy aus;&Gm e,fy,fedrdwf tydkif;tjcm;udk oD;oefUppfaMum&mwGif jrdKUolMuD;½dk; r[morefcH ibHkxifydkpm; iaumfOdaZwkyknmcH ia&TaxGawmifpnf½dk; iaumvS jynfpdk;? iaumifajr? 4Fjynfpdk;? ixGefwdkUay;onfum; pvif;jrdKUe,fonf ta&SU ajrmufudkvm;aomf 6wdkifausmfuGm {&m0wDjrpfausmwbuf yif;ajrtpyf? ta&SUudkvm;aomf wm3500uGm {&m0wDjrpfausmv,fwbuf yk*Hc&D;ay vkvifaus;awmifbDvl;ajrtpyf? ta&SUawmifudkvm;aomf wmaygif; 7800uGm rHkacsmif;wbufv,fudkif;ajrtpyf? awmifudkvm;aomf wm7700ausmfuGm acsmif;MuD;wbufacsmif; 3wdkifv,fudkif;ajrtpyf? taemufawmifum; wmaygif; 30000uGm wusHKbk&m;awmifausmuf3wdkif wbufrbJajrtpyf? taemufudkum; wmaygif; 38000uGm e*g;p&pfawmif½dk; tjcm;wbuf&cdkifajr tpyf? taemufajrmufum; 308 ( 7 November 1637) wmaygif; 3000uGm eufuHajrmufppfav;yifwbufavmif&Snfajrtpyf? ajrmufudkvm;aomf wmaygif; 16000uGm uefjzL&Gmajr tjcm;wbuf pavajrESifhtpyf? {&m0wDe,f&Spf&yftwGif; csif;&Gmaygif; 180? jrefrm&Gmaygif; 120&Sdonf? aus;&Gmum;rSwf&Gm? rSHponf&Gm? oref&if? vufyHEGJ? rif;&Gm? Ek,OfMuD;? udkif;&Gm? urnf;? rifusnfuH? ykvdkiftdkif&Gm? vufrnf? obuf? anmifvS? rif;wHk;ajrpyf wusifukef;apmuf? ujrLnHuH? uRJajr? rdef&Gm? opf&Gm? opfcGef? uRefcsif? jrifcHkwdkif? cHknifEGJ&Gm? qnfuH? anmif&Gm? 0ef&? ausmHqpf? v,fom? uRefwJ? &Sm;&Gm? xdefuH? &ifrjym;? MuD;odkuf? aemifawmf? anmifOdwif? *k½k? uRJwJ? awmif&Gm? cJwGif? wifv? MudK0ef? a&ykwf? a&Tul? uysif? tifusif;? yifvS? rawmif&Gm? v,fr? a&Munf? uH&Gm? &Gmom? qdwfMuD;? usK0ef? pdkif&Gm? uRefawm? xlayguf? armifrxdkMuD;jyuf? orefawmifpnf? uHko&ufcsnf? cufwdkif? rif&Gm? [ifvif? usyif? btdkif? jrdKU? pnfykwå&m 4jrdKUe,ftwGif; usurfeDjrdKUrSpí t&yf&yfjynf&Gm tdrfajcOD;a& pm&if;udkr[moref;cH ibkefwifeH0 touf45? iatmifvS eH4 touf 48wdkU ay;oGif;onf? pD&ifpkajrwGif ae&befbk&m; apmvl;rif;wnf? 15awmif bk&m;oD[yawhwnf? vSL 36ymfausmif; 0wfrdk;nif;rif;vSL 15 y,fjrifxifbk&m; 89y,f? 0wfvnfuH 76y,f? a*gwrbk&m;? rif;e&ywdvSLy,faygif; 160? pnfcHk4if;rif;vSL 83y,f &mZoMuFbk&m;vSLy,f 20? qGrfaMumifbk&m;? oD[yawh? ESrawmfuljzLwpD&SifvSL 15y,f aumifoufawmf&Snf "r®aomuvSL 10y,f? uóyausmif;rdk;nif;rif;vSL; 15y,fjrifwifbk&m; 197y,f &Sdonf 0wfajrrsm;rSm qdkif&m0wåLuHodrf;wdkU a&;rSwfaumufcH&m ay;&onfhjyif tcGeftwkwfuRJ0ifEGm;0ifw&m;uGrf;bdk;rSm qdkif&mjrdKUtkyf jrdKUpm;&Sd&m a&Tb0g;awmf atmufqufoGif;&onf? wdkifpm&if;rif;rIrSqdkif&m r[morefbdkU pm;awmifpnfcdkifpm;wdkU pD&ifonfudk a&TwdkufawmfqufoGif;onf/ Z½dkifjrdKUwnfum;ouú&mZf omoemawmf 130jynfh(414BC)ü 'Gwåaygif 309 (7 November 1637) rif;MuD;trwfokeuonf 4if;ouú&mZf waygif;vjynfhaeUü oOfh2csufwD;1aeU odkU t0ifwGif Adkvf 300ESifhcefUü wnf\/ jrdKU&yf7F? xk5F? ajr0if2F? jrdKUwm0ef; 1600? wHcg;5ayguf? usHK;taemuftawmif 20? tus,f 5wm? jrdKU\e,fum; ta&SUa&a0awmif½dk;? awmifudkcif½dk;? taemufacsmif;? ajrmuf . . . xdktwGif; jyKpkonf? &Gm5&GmwdkUuonf ouú&mZf 999ck (1637)omvGefrif;w&m;MuD; vufxufwdkif tpnfpD&if&onfudk 4if;jrdKUolMuD; iydefay;onfum; iydefeH0 touf78oludk ar;onfwGif Z½dkifjrdKUudk ab;ausmfZHMuD;onf? r&SdvQif bdk; iomvSMuD;onf? r&SdvQif bijcpfrif;MuD;onf? r&SdvQif iydefom;qufcH pD&ifpke,fvnf; ta&SUudkvm;aomf cif½dk;a&a0tifMuif; yifwef;wbuf eef;½dk; aiGcGefajrESifhtpyf? awmifudkvm;aomf tifyifnDaemifwbuf awmifilajr? taemufudk acsmif;MuD;r½dk;awmwbuf &rnf;oif;ajr? ajrmufudkvm;aomf ojzLacsmif;ajrmufbk&m;xd udk;ausmhajrtpyf? 4if;e,ftwGif; vkyfajrMudK;&wm 2500&Gmaygif; 8? acsmif;3? bk&m;4ql&Sdonf/ ouú&mZf 999ck(1637) rdzk&m; auomoD&dpm;onf? 1041ck (1679) a'0&mrpm;onf? 1130jynfhwGif (1768) &Hausmfpm;onf/ ouú&mZf 963ck (1601) anmif&rf;rif;w&m;MuD;vufxufawmifwGif a0ESifhvlaygif; 20udk 9oef;pkESKwfí usD;rnf;qnfa&aomufprmajrmif; ta&SUbufudk vuf½Hk;aumif;ckwfxGifí vkyfaqmifap tcGefawmfrSm a&cGefawmf oGif;apcsay;awmfrlonf/ ouú&mZf 999ck (1637) t&yf&yfudk pm&if;odrf;awmfrlonfumv jyGefacgif;ijrwfxifeH0 touf 74olay;onfum; uRefawmfvkyfonfh e,fonf bdk;bvufxufu udk;oef;ESKwfpkvlwdkUudk usD;rnf;qnfa&aomufprmajrmif; ta&SUbuf vkyfaqmifí a&cGefawmfrSm qufoGif;&ygonf? e,fum;ta&SUudk vm;aomf odrfbdkMuif&Gmajrxd? awmifudkajrmif;rawmftcdkuf? taemufudk ajrmif;rawmftcdkuf? ajrmufudk eef;pnf&Sifrdbk&m;v,fawmfajrpyfudk 310 (7 November 1637) e,fowfí y,faygif; 53&Sdonf? tcGefawmfrSm a&cGefawmfrSm quf&ygonf/ ouú&mZf 1030wGifvnf; >yefacgif;ijrwfxif oGif;&if;wGifajr 65y,f&Sdonf aemuf odonfha&jzpfí txufy,fxufwdk;onf? txuf53y,fpmwrf; &SdonfudkoGif;onf/ anmif&rf;rif;w&m;MuD;vufxuf 25y,fudkwmí 999ck(1637) y,f40udk wm5F? 1030wGif (1668) 53y,fudkwm5F? 1041ckwGif (1678) 82y,fudk wm5F? >yefacgif; ixGef;omeH6 touf50 a&cGefawmf qufoGif;& onfrSmv,f1y,fvQif a±rSwfom; tydktuJyg 3F>yefacgif;wdkUu aqmfbefqufoGif;&onf/ ouú&mZf 999ckwGif (1637) t&yf&yfjrdKU&Gm y,fe,fedrdwf tydkif;tjcm; rSpía&S;xHk;pH&Sd&m qnf0eft&yf&yf jrdKU&GmolMuD; ajrwdkif;pcsDpjrifwdkUudk ppfaMumawmfrlonfwGif awmifbufudk;c½dkifwdkufqnfMuD;? qnfaqmfwpk teufav;c½dkifwdkUwdkufudkqnfMuD;av;a,mufwkdUu tppfcHonfum; qnfMuD;ia&T eH4 touf56ESpf? qnfMuD; iausmfvS eH3 touf55ESpf? qnfMuD;icsifeH1 touf67ESpf? qnfMuD;ia&TxGefeH0 touf59ESpf? xdkav;a,mufu a&S;xHk;pH&Sdonfht&mudk pmwrf;ESifh pm&if;wifqufonfum; udk;c½dkifwdkufvkyf½dk;qnfawmfajrmif;awmfudk udk,f&Haoewfpk a&cGefusvSdKifawmf 0wfbk&m; 0wfausmif;0wfajryif axmiftpkom;wdkU vkyfeufrdk;ajraEG tapmif;vSnf;wufavSwufrSpí qnfawmfajrmif;awmfysufpD;,dk,Gif;vQif avSvlwdkUudk iSg;axmif&onf? bk&m;ausmif;0wfajrvGwfolwdkUrSm qnfawmf ajrmif;awmfwufcsdefumva&mufvQif okwfoifí ewfuGef;aqmuf&onf? tkef;MuHiSufaysm ay;ydkUwif&onf? vSdKifawmfpkom;wdkUrSm ewfyGJudk yowif& onf? a&cGefawmfpkom;wdkUrSm rdk;a&umvqnfawmfrSm apmifhae&onf? ESKwfpkvkyfom;wdkUrSm aEGudkapmifh&onf? a&TavSa&TvSHjrif;ajrtpkom;wdkUrSmywf? yHk? vifuGif;? ewfxdef;wdkUESifh wD;rSKwf&onf? a&jypftpkom;wdkUrSm rD;pnf; rD;wdkif ay;&onf/ ewfaeewfxdef;wdkUrSm umva&mufvQif v,fwy,fudk wjynfpDay; 311 (7 November 1637) &onf? a&ay;a&,lrSm rdkuf? xGm? vufopfESifh>yefay;&onf/ ewfaeewfxdef; wdkUrurwD;aevQif qnf0efrSm avQmufxm;í ac:cspD&if&onf? udk;c½dkife,f twGif; &mZ0wfrI&SdvQif qnf0efwdkUu w0wnf; pD&ifonftwdkif; qnfMuD; wdkUu a&Twdkufpmwrf;oGif;onf/ ouú&mZf 999ck (1637) t&yf&yfjrdKUjy aus;&Gmwdkufpk0efpkrsm;udk &mZrPdplVm 'g,umawmf omvGefrif;w&m;vufxuf jrdKUjyaus;&Gme,fy,f edrdwfudk ppfaMumodrf;½Hk;awmfrl&mwGif jrif;cHkwdkifjrdKUolMuD; aZ,syknmeH0 touf 45oludk ppfar;vQif jrif;cHkwdkifjrdKUudk uRefawmfbdk;ia&TpH tbolu onf ,ckwdkif uRefawmfqufpHMuD;pdk; pD&ifonfe,fum; ta&SUudkvm;aomf wm 2500uGm oli,fawmfajracsmif;wbufausmuf 3wdkif rdk;nif;rdk;aumif;yg tpkvlaeonfajrtjcm;? awmifudkvm;aomf ajrmif;wbufudk &efMuD;'dkif;ajr tpyff? ajrmif;MuD;onf tjcm;wm 2300uGm? taemufudkvm;aomf wmaygif; 2700uGm acsmif;MuD;wbuf rnZvDawmEkwfpk ajrvQiftjcm;? ajrmufudkvm; aomfwmaygif; 2400uGm xef;awmO,smOfxdudk&efMuD;ajr ajrmufonftjcm;? 4if;e,fav;&yftwGif; vkyfv,fy,faygif; 2563y,f 2pdwf bk&m;0wf3&yf? &Gmaygif; 25&Gm? bk&m;*lausmif; 10? acsmif;MuD; 2? jrpf 1? qdyf 3&yf? yGJ4yGJ&Sdygonf/ ouú&mZf 1031ckESpf (1669) jrif;cHkwdkifjrdKUolMuD; ia&TxGef; eH4 touf 49ESpfola&TwdkufoGif;jyefonfum; jrif;cHkwdkifjrdKUe,fonf ta&SUudkvm;aomf wm 2500uGmawmifOd ta&SUonf ausmuf3wdkifonftjcm;? awmifodkUvm;aomf wm 2300uGm jyifawmfajrmufbuf ajrmif;MuD;onftjcm;? taemufudkvm; aomf wm 2700uGm qifr0wftwGif; taemufacsmif;MuD;onftjcm;? ajrmufudk vm;aomf wm 2400uGm uEém;jyifajrmufxef;awmO,smOftjcm;? e,fav;&yf twGif; bk&m;0wfajr 3&yf? ausmif;ajr 20? y,faygif; 2563y,f 2pdwfteuf ol&Jjrif;ajryg 999ck (1637) bGJU&if;wdkif; 111? qdyf 3&yf? yGJ4&yf&Sdonf/ 312 (7 November 1637) ouú&mZf 662ckwGif (1300) rif;oD[vufxuf tnma&Ttif;? tif;awmf i&if;jrdKUudkwnfonf? jrdKUta&SUtaemufwmaygif; 250awmifajrmuf wm 250? jrdKUe,fum; ta&SUudkvm;aomf w&ufc&D;uGmawmifpifawmifonf tjcm;? awmifudkvm;aomf 10000uGm ydawmufudk;cGonftjcm;? taemufudk vm;aomf wm 750uGm armufewfa&wifonftjcm;? ajrmufudkvm;aomf wm90ausmfuGm ausmufyef;wifonftjcm;? e,fav;&yftwGif; &Gmaygif; 20? tif;MuD;2tif;? awmif2&Sdonf? jrdKUolMuD;iacG;? eH1? touf80olonf 999ckESpf (1637) wGifuoma&Ttif;jrdKUpm;a'0ol&a&Twdkufpm&if;qufoGif;onftwdkif; ay;onfpmwrf;/ (4if;jrdKUtif;udk 1077ckESpf (1715) rdzk&m;jrwfpGma'0D pm;onf/ ouú&mZf 822ck oDwif;urwfvqef;2&uf3aeU (16 September 1460) nOfhwcsufwD;ausmfwGif apmovGefaomfvJjcm;jrdKUudk wnfonfum; jrdKU&yf7F? xk4F? jrdKUopf1F2d? ta&SUtaemuf wm4000? wHcg;5ayguf? ta&SUajrmufudkvm; aomf w&ufc&D;uGmjympdkifig;&Gmxdwbuf odEéDajrESifhtpyf? ta&SUum; usHK;warmacsmif;xdwbuf rdk;eJajrESifhtpyf? ta&SUawmifum; vG,fvdefawmif xdwbuf rdk;eJajrESifhtpyf? awmifudkvm;aomfw&ufc&D;uGm em[d[JvJMuD; awmiftcGefa&mufwbuf rdk;eJajrESifhtpyf? taemufawmifum; rdk;eJajrESifh tpyf? taemufum;cgcsnfawmifxd rdk;eJajrESifhtpyf? e,f&Spf&yftwGif; aus;&Gmum; ref&Gm? yefyk&Gm? refwef? refvdk? vkum&Gm? [GefuGef&Gm? bmaygif? p&J? [JEGJ? wmvm? cspfaoG? aemif&Gm? cJyefwd? yefukef? [efvdkif? vGefMuD;? yefyk? uGef[Hk? vGJv? oduk? aemifrdkif? eifed? eefyGwf? 0eefwkwf? tmrSdKif? [dkif[dkif? yefwif? acgifOd? acgifawmuf? yefarT? [JEk? aemifppf? emvHkrSpí aus;&Gmbk&m;2ql 0wfMuD;7ukef;4ukef;? acsmif;5acsmif;&Sdonfudk &mZrPdplVm bk&m; 'g,umvufxuf t&yf&yfpm&if;ppfodrf;awmf 313 (7 November 1637) rl&mwGif apmfbGm;tr,f[Hk[HkbGmcHicHvdkifeH0touf 55ESpfolESifh trwfi,fpH 0gwdkU a&TwdkufawmfoGif;onfhpmwrf;/ ouú&mZf 960jynfh (1598) anmif&rf;rif;w&m;MuD; tif;0jrdKUodkU pHawmfrlonfwGif jynfyg&HyHkcsif 'dkif;pkom;wdkUwGif zG,f,l? tJuJydkufESifh vlaygif;vlaygif; ig;&mom;wdkUudk 'dkif;rSL;'dkif;acgif;cefUí awmifbufqnfa& aomH 9c½dkifwdkufrSm csxm;onf? vkyfajr aeajray;csawmfrlonf? 4if;wdkUtpk wGifvnf; iaeudk'dkif;rSL;cefUí 'dkif;wdkUrSm 10y,f? i,fom;wdkUrSm 15y,f pm;ajrESifhwuG taqmift&GuftpGJtrSwf ay;awmfrlonf/ txufqifjzL&Sif bGJUawmfrlonfh tifwa&mf'dkif;pkom;wdkUudkvnf; tJoD&d[JvHkausmfwdkUudk 'dkif;acgif;tdk;pMuD; pma&;cefUí uRefawmf&if;ajr0efudk 'dkif;rSL;cefUawmfrlonf? awmifbufudk;c½dkifwdkufrSm aeajrvkyfajry,f 250? vl 100 om;wdkUudk csxm;onf? 'dkif;acgif; 25y,ftdk;pMuD;? pma&;? &J'dkif;rSL;wdkUrSm y,f50? tMuD;tuJwdkUudkvnf; taqmift&Gufay;awmfrlonf/ jynfygjrif;pk vl50om;wdkUudk aZ,sausmfoludk 'dkif;rSL;cefUawmfrlí awmifbufudk;c½dkifwdkufrSm csxm;awmfrlonf? trSL;y,f 100? 'dkif;acgif; 25y,f? tdk;pMuD;7y,f2pdwf? i,fom;wdkUrSm 5y,fajrwdkif; ixGef;jynf icspfjrwdkU wdkifaqmfajruEkwfí csay;awmfrlonf? txufqifjzL&Sifvufxuf uRefawmfcH0ifonfh ,dk;',m; vl50om;wdkUudkvnf; ijynfpHudk jrif;acgif;cefUí qifjzL&Sifbk&m;&Sif 0wfajr iulvmwdkifeufuESKwfí aeajrwm0ef; 250? vkyf 100csxm;awmfrlonf? ajrwl;jrdKUaus;ukuúdKukef;&Gmudkvnf; trSL;&JeE´ESifh vlaygif;125? jrif;6pkom;wdkUudk ukuúdKukef;&Gme,f4&yfudk pm;ajraeajrcsawmf rlonf/ ouú&mZf 1030jynfhwGif (1668) vufeufwdkuf0ef oD&dausmfxif wdkufpdk; e&AvZm"&mZmaoG;aomufMuD; reol&wdkUudkcefUxm;í tyfonfwGif txuf0efaZ,sAvausmfxifenf; pD&ifonfwGif rdvkwftdrfvkyfudk tyfawmf rlonf/ 1073ckwGif (1711) vufeufwdkuf0ef &EÅrdwfausmfxif? wdkufpdk;a'0 314 (7 November 1637) ol&? wdkufpma&;e&m'dyÜ? aoG;aomufMuD; 'dAÁpHwkudk0efonfumv pwufpD&onfwGif aemufwdk;í rD;aoG;zkwf? ,rf;jyef? ukvm;"m;vkyf? jrif&xm; wdkuf? tajrmufwdkuf? 'HkpkoHcsufwdkUudk tyfawmfrlí pD&if&onf/ 1077ck (1715) vufeufwdkuf0ef eE´aZ,s0efonfumv O'defe&m wdkufpma&; yswåausmfxifwdkufpdk;tpkpka&Tumom;ESifhwuG aemufa&mufonfh &cdkifukvm; iydpHvlaygif; 50om;wdkUudkvnf; tpkjznfhoGif;íxm;onf? indKa&mifeSifh vl50om;wdkUudkvnf; bk&m;jzLrSm csxm;í vkyfajraeajrESifh csxm;onf/ jra&mifjzLESifh vl50om;wdkUudkvnf; vkyfajraeajrESifh csxm;onf? a&TMuuf,ufrSm &cdkifukvm; irdpH vl50udkvnf; ajrwl;jrdKUrSm csxm;onf? indKa&mifESifh vl50om;wdkUudkvnf; i&eJrSmxm;onf? ibpHjzLESifh vl50om; wdkUudk ac: oEÅDrSmcsxm;onf/ ouú&mZf 1062ck (1710) aboufjzLESifh 250ausmf &cdkifukvm;a&muf onf? ukvm;ipH&mESifh vl20ausmfa&mufonfrsm;udk csxm;onfrSm i&ufoJhESifh vl50udkuyJ&Gm? ipHndKESifh vl50udk &rnf;oif;jrdKUrSm? ukvm;ipH&mESifh vl50udk ,if;awmfjrdKU? iygpDESifh vl50udk rdw¬DvmjrdKU? aqmfpHjzLESifh vl50udk udk;c½dkifrSm csxm;í toD;toD;aeaponf? csxm;orQvlwdkUudk vkyfajraeajrESifh csxm;awmfrlonf/ &mZrPdplVm'g,umrif;vufxuf tpktief;udk ppfodrf;awmfrl&mwGif anmifapmufaoG;aomuf 4om;wdkUudk ay;onfhajrum; uHMuD;&Gmudk vkyfajr aeajrvQif csxm;awmfrlonf? uHMuD;&Gmajrum; ta&SUudkvm;aomf awmifndKwef;wbuf &Srf;av;&yfajrESifhtpyf? awmifudkvm;aomf ajrmifykwuf jrdKUajrESihftpyf? taemufudkvm;aomf ukuúdKukef;wbuf ylwufjrdKUajrESifhtpyf? e,fav;&yfoyfí vkyfajrwudk,fvQif 5y,f usvl 30ausmfom;wdkUudk ay;awmfrlonf/ bk&m;2acsmif; 2ausmif; 4tif;tdkif tcGeftwkwfr 315 (7 November 1637) &Sdanmifapmufom;wdkUudk av;rSL;"EkpE´mudk cefUxm;tkyfodrf; pD&if&onf/ uefMuD;&Gmajrum; ta&SUudkvm;aomf cdkawmifwbufwGif qifajrESifh tpyf? awmiftvm;um; ausmufp&pfuefwbufwGif qifajrESifhtpyf? taemuftvm;um; yHkrJZmyifMuD;wbuf qifpkom;wdkUajrESifhtpyf? ajrmufudk vm;aomf "[wfawmwbufuHk&Gm iarGwdkifeufoifpkajrESifhtpyf? e,fav;&yf wGif vkyfajrtpGwf tajcmufv,fy,f 456 y,f 2pdwf 7Sdygonf/ t&yf&yf av;om;wdkUudkvnf; 0if;rSL;wdkUudk uGJjym;pktyfawmfrlonf/ tifaxmifomav; ig;pdkUavSrSL;ZG,f,lwifESifh vl5000wGif av;rSL;"EkpE´ESifh vl 500 jrdKUawmifav;rSL; ipH0ifESifh vl100? tifwdkifav;rSL; inGefUESifh vl 800? anmiftkyfav;rSL; inGefUESifh vl100om;wdkUudk a&SU0if;rSL;aZ,umrPdausmfxif udktyfonf/ cJwifav;rSL; tdE´"EkESifhvl 150om0w¬dav;rSL;"EkESifh vl150om0wåd av;rSL;"EkoD[ESifh vl300? ajrxJav;rSL; i&mESifh vl100? uefMudK;av;rSL; &mZ"EkESifh vl100? &efcGif;av;rSL;"Ekol&ausmfESifh vl140om;wdkUudk vusfm0if;rSL; rPdaZ,oMuFudk tyfawmfrlonf/ &Jacgifav;rSL;"EkpuúESifh vl 200? umrav;rSL;ipHxifESifh vl100? bdk;acgifav;rSL; rPda'0ESifh vl100? jynf4pk 5acgif;? a&TaxmifixGef;ESifh vl50? uefpdkUav;50? ewfpufpdkUav; 50? jrdKUav; 100om;wdkUudk "EkausmfpGm ESifh ewfwGifuspk itdwfESifh vl100? awmifwdkufav;rSL; ia&TxGef;ESifh vl50om; wdkUudk vuf0J0if;rSL;aersdK;umrPdausmfxifudk tyfawmfrlonf/ usK0ef;&Gmum; ta&SUudkvm;aomf awmifajc&if;cdkufwbuf aiGcGefajr ESifhausmcdkif;? awmifudkvm;aomf pkpk0wDajrvufuoHkwbuf eef;½dk;aiGcGefajr ESifh ausmcdkif;? taemufudkvm;aomf jrpfusacsmif;MuD;wbuf ykwufajrESiftpyf ajrmufudkvm;aomf ukef;cif½dk;wef;MuD;r[m'gefwdkufajrESifhtpyf? e,fav;&yf twGif; uRef;vSqifa&aomufjruef 316 (7 November 1637) uefv,faygif; 895y,f? uif;vlppf 2uif;? aumuf½dk;um; vlwudk,fvQif 1l tqifvnf1l? t&mawmfu&onfh tcGefudkqdkif&mqufoGif;&onf? bk&m;0wf ajrr&Sd? &Srf;ajry,f 200? bk&m;2ql? ausmif;7? qnf3qnfrSm uRefawmfwdkUu rpD7if&yg? jruefqnfaqmf? qnfMuD;? uefwdkifwdkUu pD&ifonftaMumif;udk olMuD;a&Twdkufay;oGif;onf/ jruefuefwdkif iausmfxGef; ijzdKpHay;onfum; 4if;uefudk bdk;r&Sdaomf tbinGefUwdkU aqmf½dk;ijzdK;pH biukvm;wdkifaqmfonf? jruefESifh 3qnf a&aomuf vkyfajry,faygif; 3569y,f&Sdonf? y,fum; wy,fvQif ysdK;0if 5FuscGefaocGefryg wy,fvQif 3d1l? 4if;e,fwGif uRJ0ifEGm;0if w&m;uGrf;bdk; rsm;udk qnfMuD;? ajrwdkifwdkUu aumufpm;odrf;cH&onf? a&ay;a&,lrsm;rSm vufopfvdkufí cHpm;Mu&onf? 0wfajr28y,frSm oCFZmwdkUvma&mufvQif uRefawmfwdkUa&;ppfí ay;&onf? a&½dk;rSm wy,fvQif 3d? qef1F? ig;Muif; waumifay;&aMumif; pmwrf;ESifh tppfcHí a&TwdkufoGif;onfh pmwrf;/ bkwfoufi,fMuif; ajrwdkifiausmfnGefU eH0touf61ESpf? qnfMuD;uef wdkifajr? eH3 touf59ESpf olwdkUay;onfum; e,fwGif trSKtao;r&Sd? rdk;vGwf oapö;yefrdk;oMuFawmf a&opfcGwifrsm;udk tvdkawmf&Sdí jrif;pD;jrif;onf vma&mufvQif qdkif;? xrf;ydk;? eDyg;xnf&pf? tdk;acsm? pavmif;acsm? odkif;ESifhydkU&onf? a&Tb0g;awmfatmufa&mufvQif aps;MuD;? aps;i,f? vufay; aumufpm;&ygonf? qnfrSmvnf; qnfMuD;iausmfxGef;? ipH&m? icsifwdkUwdkif aqmfMuD;pdk;onfhe,frSm ta&SUudkvm;aomf ppfyifwbuf ijrdKUomwdkifeufajr ESifhtpyf? awmifudk anmif0ef;wbufoli,fav;ajrESifhtpyf? taemufudk acsmif;wbufol&Jajra&TyefajrESifhtpyf? ajrmufwdkUukef;bef; xaemif;yif wbuffav;ajrESifhtpyf? e,fav;&yfwGif vkyfajry,faygif; 568y,f&Sdonf? qnfMuD;? uefxdkif? qnfaqmfwdkUuom w0wnf;pD&if&onfudk uefwdkif iausmfxGef;? ijzdK;pHwdkUa&TwdkufoGif;onfhpmwrf;/ 317 (7 November 1637) ouú&mZf 793ck rdk;nif;rif;w&m;vufxuftwGif;pkrSm vlenf;aom aMumifh xm;0,fuRefcH qifvSonf vl200om;wdkUudk a&Tum 12zGJUrSwfí awmifbufoif;wGJqnfa&aomufrSm vkyfajrwudk,fvQif 5y,fusaeajrvnf; wm0ef; 300csxm;awmfrlonf/ &mZol&udk oifrSL;cefUonf? oif;pkom;wdkUrSm vkyfajrenf;aomaMumifh 968ckwGif (1606) ukvm&Gmausmfwdkifeufajr tcGefpm; 20wwfMuD; ta&SUajr iukvm&Gm trSL;pm; 10y,f? wwfMuD;10y,f? oif;wGJa&aomufe,fum; csxm;onfhumv ta&SUudkvm;aomf udk,f&HMuD;ajrESifhtpyf? awmifudk ajrmif;rawmf? taemufudk . . .? ajrmufudk&Srf;aoajr? wvifjrpfpvdyif ol&Jajr ESifhtpyf? ukvm;&Gmajrum; ta&SUudkvm;aomf anmifyif? awmifudktif;em;? taemufudk&Gmxd? ajrmufudkxdefyif? wwfMuD;ajrum; ta&SUudkvm;aomf i,f&Gm av;ajrESifhtpyf? awmifudkjrpf? taemufudk&Gmxd? ajrmufudkaqmufwyif a&TyefajrESifhtpyf? e,fav;&yfrSwfí csxm;awmfrlonf? twGif;ajreef;awmf ajrmufwJESifh apmifhaexrf;&Guf&onf? ouú&mZf 999ck (1637)&JabmfoifrSL; a'0&mZm? t0ef;ijynfhwdkU ay;oGif;onfh a&Twdkufpmwrf;/ ausmufaqmufjrif;ajrum; ta&SUajrmufudkvm;aomf anmiftkyfajrESifh tjcm;? ta&SUudkuRef;vSqnfa&aomufajrESifhtjcm;? ta&SUawmifudk yif;wvJ jrdKUajrESifhtjcm;? awmifudkykyÜg;awmif ta&SUjyifpnf&GmESifhtjcm;? taemufawmif udk ypGefykyÜg;anmifrsm;ajrESifhtjcm;? taemufudk0gajrESifhtjcm;? taemuf ajrmufudk w½kwfjrdKUajrESifhtjcm;? ajrmufudk opdk;rvnf&GmajrESifhtjcm;? anmifarmfom;aoG;aomufpk&if;wGif 15pDwdk;í anmif&rf;rif;vufxuf bGJUonfwGif udk;c½dkif wdkifayukef&Gm icspfyHkwdkifeuf vkyfajrpm;ajray;cs&if;wGif taemufbufomvGefrif;w&m;vufxufawmf vkyfajraeajryg jrif;wpD;vQif 2usayukef;&Gm icspfyHkwdkifeufuEkwfí ay; 318 (7 November 1637) csawmfrlonfwGif ouú&mZf 999ck (1637) omvGefrif;w&m;vufxufawmf txufcsxm;&if;wdkif;ysnfrem&JapmrSL;ESifh vl10om;wdkUudk aemufxyfí anmifarmfpm;aoG;aomufpkrSm bGJUoGif;ay;csonf/ ayukef;&Gme,fajrum; txufay;cs&if;ajrwGifwdk;í ta&SUudkayukef;&Gm tukef? awmifudkvGJajrmif;? taemufprHkem;xd? ajrmufudk a&jypfajrmif;tcdkuf e,fowfrSwfí wudk,fvQif 5y,fus ay;csawmfrlonf? txrf;t&GufrSm xrf;&if;wGif jrif;om;wdkUESifh xrf;&Guf&onf? t&yf&yfav;om;wdkUudk wufwk&aemif? wufacgif'dkifrSL; 3xeftMuD;tum&GufxwdkU wdkif;wmcsrSwf ay;onfh ajrum;av;rSL;10y,f t0ef&Jtuswf6y,f i,fom;5y,fpD? anmif&rf;rif;w&m;MuD;tyg;av;om;wkdUrSm wkwfuJajre,fwGif csxm;onf? pm;ajrvkyfajrrSm &SifjzL&SifvS 0wfawmfajrijrpHMuD;wdkifeufuESKwfí csxm; onf/ jynfyg&HcGifpkom;wdkUudk rwå&mjrdKU iqkuR,fwdkifeufajr 55y,fcs ay;onf/ jynfyga&Tav;om;wdkUudk ta&SUbuf anmif0rf;&Gmajrwdkif iykwdkifeuf uEkwfí csxm;onf? yGJvHk;pif&efrsdK;pif tpkom;wdkUudkvnf; ta&SUbuf awmwGif;rSm &Gmajry,f 30csay;onf/ jynfygav;MuD;om;wdkUudk txufay;onfhajr3&yf? ijrpHMuD; iyefndK wdkifeufjrdKUopfajr orkwfí y,f160xyfjznfhí ay;csawmfrlonf/ vGefcsDav;om;wdkUudkatmif yifffv,fajr iyef;? nkdBuD; wkdife,f vkyfajr aeajryg 276 y,f wm0ef; 360 csay;awmfrlonf/ jynfNrdKUyg NrdKUaxmifh av;pkom;wkdUukd awmifbufav;c½dkif qnfa& aomuf anmifyefuef&Gm iyefcdkifwdkifeuf vkyfajr y,f 80 aeajrwm 100 csxm;onf/ anmifapmufav;om;wdkUudk ta&SUbufwGif;oif;ajrtpyf? awmifjyHK; MuD;qkawmif;jynfhbk&m; 0wfawmfajrwdkif i&efwdkifeuf 67y,f aeajrwm 100 csxm;ay;awmfrlonf/ 319 (7 November 1637) ajrxJav;om;? uwl;abmufav;om;wdkUudk ta&SUbufrwå&majrpyf a&vGJtjcm;? qdwfom&Gm icspfvSwdkifeuf vkyfajraeajryg ukef;usif;y,faygif; 400 csay;awmfrlonf/ ouú&mZf 914ckwGif (1552) qifjzLrsm;&Sif rif;w&m;MuD;vufxuf uRefawmf&if; ia&TpHudk tMuD;cefUí t&GwfpkwwfrSwfjyD;vQif iaumifrSwfudk tyfawmfrlonf/ rdkifwa&mf&Gmudkvnf; &Gmpm;oem;awmfrlonf? vlMurf;pk 100 oaX;av;&yfwHaqmif;aeolwdkUudkvnf; tyfawmfrlonf/ aemufanmif&rf;rif; w&m;MuD; r[mjrwfrked'g,umvufxuf ouú&mZf 967ckwGif (1605) ijr&nfudk t&GwfpkwGif tMuD;cefUí [Hom0wDuygonfhtwD;? pnfMurf;? wvdkif;pk? pyform;pk? oaX;pk? wefaqmif;aeyef;ao;pkwdkUudk tyfí uRefpkjrdKUpm;oem;awmfrlonf/ ouú&mZf 999ck (1637) &mZrkPdplVm'g,um omvGefrif;w&m; vufxufwGifvnf; ibHkcdkifudktMuD;cefUí cgom 1000quf tvSLawmfxD;jzL awmfyef;ao;ukvm;6a,mufudk tyfawmfrlonf/ ouú&mZf 1038ckwGif (1676)ia&TZudk aZ,sod'¨dtrnfESifh t&Gwf0ef? iacGudk pma&;cefUí oHwrefvma&mufvQif auR;arG;&onf? wdk;íoHwref rsm;vQifvnf; &yfpkcGwfpktvGwf? t&GwfpkwGif wdk;í aps;MuD;aps;i,f jrpfi,f wGif yGJrsm;rSm odrf;aumufí auR;arG;&onf? t&Gwf0efpm;ajrawmifbuf ig;c½dkif uGrf;aq;ajrmif;a&aomuf 300 ay;awmfrlonf/ taqmift&Guf "g; aqmuftdyfjynfhMuyf vbuftdk;? jrif;MudK;ouúvyfa&TMu,fwyf? uawmif a&Ta&;? pmr&Dyef;cufudkuf tem;oH 4Haqmif&Guf&onf? rif;nDrif;om;vGefvQif oHvQif;rsufESmzHk;a&T tudkifvlMurf;pkrSm pEÅm;,rm; taqmift&Guf rdr®jzifh udkiftpHkpD&ifpkrSm iguifuJMuD; oJoJ&Gmudkvnf; pD&if&onf/ ouú&mZf 1077ckwGif (1715) a0aomb,udk t&GwfpkwGif tMuD;cefUí oHwrefa&mufvQif rdr®ay;onf? a&aq;awmf tcsKyftvkyf tvSLawmf xD;jzLawmf 320 (7 November 1637) vkyfauR;arG;&efaxmywfEGm;EdkU toHk;ykqdk;rsm;udk ay;í toHk;cHMu&onf/ ouú&mZf 346ck waygif;vqef;3&uf2aeU(985) wcsufwD;wGif Asnm; a'gwdrif;onf Adkvf 500ESifh Z&GHjrdKUudk wnfonf? jrdKUta&SUtaemufwm 200? awmifajrmufwm 230? wHcg;7ayguf? jrdKUESifhusHK; 2wmuGm? jrdKU&yf 7F? xk 4F? jrdKUe,fum; ta&SUajrmufudkvm;aomf [if;owajrtjcm;? ta&SUudk{&m0wD wbuf? ta&SUawmifudkppfyifudkif;bk&m;oHk;qltxuf vSdKifajrtjcm;? awmifudk acsmif;wbuf"EkjzLajrtpyfu Ekacsmif;onftjcm;? taemufudkvm;aomf [oFmwcJaygifajrtpyf xef4yif? ajrmufudk uswf&GmtxufjrifbJajrmif;? e,fwGifaus;&Gm{bk&m;? &GmydkifusHKtba&mufbuGmtif;? tif;uEktrdefjrJwHk w½kwftjynftif;? yefapmEHktaum&Gm? aumcsJ&Gm? oeaygufawmfordkif&Gm? o&GH&Gm? aESm&Gm? edAÁmef&Gm? xef;5yif? MuHKxmvSdKifpk? &Gmopfwufyswfr½dk;u anmifyifom? tif;4? acsmif;4&Sdonfudk Z&GHjrdKUolMuD; cGgwveH 4 touf56ESpfol ouú&mZf 999ckwGif (1637) oGif;onfh a&Twdkufpmwrf;/ ouú&mZf 653ck awmfovif;vqef;15&uf4aeU (1291) ordefAswå onf Adkvf 400ESifh vSdKifjrdKUudkwnfonf? jrdKUe,fum; ta&SUajrmufudkvm;aomf w½kwfarmfawmifwbuf tZvHacsmif;aMu;eDacsmif;ukef;xdom,m0wDajr tpyf? ta&SUum; ukef;acgifawmif½dk;xd? ta&SUawmifum;aygifvifrvpf ajrtpyf? awmifum; 321 (7 November 1637) tif;4tif;? acsmif;4acsmif;? vkyfajry,faygif; 875y,f2pdwf &Sdonfudk vSdKifjrdKU olMuD;wvcGgeJAsodeH0? touf 48ESpf 1041ck (2 June 1679) a&Twdkufpm&if; &Sif;vif;ppfaMumodrf;½Hk;&mwGif jrdKUolMuD;ay;oGif;onfh a&Twdkufpm&if;/ ouú&mZf 863ck waygif;vqef;5&uf5aeU (10 February 1502) aewufckepfb0g;wGif Adkvf400ESifhwuG uspGmrif;MuD;wnfonf/ uRef;qHkjrdKU e,fum; ta&SUudkvm;aomf wm200uGm cif½dk;ukef;cif; rusnf;yiftjcm;wbuf &bdef;ajrtpyf? awmifudkvm;aomf wm 3500uGm aps;acsmif;MuD;aumuf aumufpif;pif;wbuf rdvSajrtjcm;? taemufudkvm;aomf wm 1200uGm acsmif;wbuf ausmufwdkiftjcm;wbufjynfajrpyf? ajrmufudkvm;aomf wm 2800uGm cif½dk;ukef;wef;tjcm;wbuf qifukef;ajrtpyf? e,fav;&yftwGif; vkyfajry,f 5400ausmf? bk&m;a[mif;2ql? acsmif;5acsmif;&Sdonfudk ouú&mZf 999ck (1637) t&yf&yfpm&if;ppfodrf;awmfrl&mwGif uRef;qHkjrdKUolMuD; ipH0if;? eH1? touf46ESpf tonfMuD;wpkwdkifyif ay;oGif;onf a&Twdkufpm&if;/ ouú&mZf 534ck wefaqmifrkef;vqef;5&uf5aeU (1172) 2csufwD;ausmfwGif yk*Hrif;,ife&odcFnDawmfjzpfaom e&yawhoDpnfolrif; wnfaxmifjyKpkí trwfaZ,soludk Adkvfvl 500ESifh ay;tyfcefUxm;onfh yif;jrdKUum; jrdKU&yf10F2d? usHK;tus,f wwmcGJ? teuf10F? jrdKUta&SUtaemuf awmifajrmuf wm0ef; 800? wHcg;ayguf 6? bdkjrdKUysuf&mwGif omvGefrif;w&m; vufxufopfjrdKUwyfwnfonf? xdkjrdKUe,fum; ta&SUajrmufudkvm;aomf wdkif 20000 ausmfuGm uav;ajrtpyf? ta&SUum; 2000 2wdkifuGm ewfvukyfumodwbuf armufuawmf&Gmajrtpyf? ta&SUawmifum; udk;wdkifuGm r[kpufacsmif;xdwbuf &Gmajrtpyf? awmifum; wdkif 10000uGm e&GmbdkUacsmif;xdwbuf ,if;&Gmajrtpyf? taemufawmifum; udk;wdkifausmf uGm 0ufvrf;rMuD;xdwbuf urf;eDajrtpyf a,majrtpyf? taemufum; vrf;r½dk;a&a0wbufcsif;ajrtpyf? taemufajrmufum; wdkif 20000uGm acsmif;qHkMuD; 322 (7 November 1637) wbufuav;tpyf? e,f&Spf&yftwGif; aus;&Gm&Gmr 23? &Gmi,f 15? vkyfajry,faygif; 700ausmf? bk&m;2ql? ul5vHk;? odrfa[mif;1? acsmif; 2? ukef; 3ukef;&SdaMumif;udk jrdKUolMuD; 0wåe&mZAdkvfESifholMuD;i,fwdkU ouú&mZf 999ck ausmfwGif (1637) a&TwdkufoGif;onfh pmwrf;/ omoemawmfESpf 73ck uqkefvjynfhausmf3&uf 5aeU (471 BC) eHeuf 4csufwD;ausmf2armif;wGif rdk;nif;jrdKUudk aomif;crf;ausmfwnfonf? jrdKU&yf 7F2d? xk4F? usHK;tus,f 5wm? teuf 9F? Adkvfvl 400ESifh aomif;crf;ausmf wnfxm;jyKpkonf? jrdKUta&SU taemufwm 300? awmifajrmufwm 300? jrdKUe,fum; ta&SUajrmufudkvm;aomf 6&ufc&D;uGm {&m0wDjrpfuswbuf rdk;aumif;ajrtpyf? ta&SUum; 6&ufc&D;uGm {&m0wDjrpfwbufawmf bHkAef;armf ajrtpyf? awmifum; 6&ufc&D;uGm rJZmacsmif; aumufaumufpif;pif; wbuf uGrf;oD;acsmif;uGHaygifajrtpyf? taemufum; 5&ufc&D;uGm tif;&Gmxdwbuf OD;ajrtpyf? taemufajrmufum; &Spf&ufc&D;uGm O½kacsmif;xdwbuf rdk;aumif;ajrtpyf? ajrmufum;eEGif;acsmif;ajrmuf oapö; 3yifxdwbuf rdk;aumif;ajrtpyf? e,f&Spf&yftwGif; pD&ifpkaus;&Gmum; oHk;&Gm? [dkyg&Gm? ordkif;&Gm? a&Smfjcnf? uefUaumfaqmif&Gm? eefckwf? rdk;&Snf0? xay:? tif;armuf? uGrf[Jawm? yJcrf;ausmf? xHyifv,f? qifeefwdkif? &Gmopf? vufyH/ wpdef? acgifrdk? aZmacgj*dK&Gm? aemifjypf? jrdKUvS? refvdk? o½dkif? eefyl? xGefrl? eefabmf? tdkifrm? Zwfawmf? Zifarmusef? usefajcmif0J? [JvHk? [dkuJ? qdwfwl? aygif[Hk? [efaemif? acgif[Hk? ararm? wHcGefwdkif? wHkcif? uvwf? aemifjrdKU? tkwfawmif? aemif0rf;? armfyH? yefcef? refEGJ? cHknif? cifuif? rdkif;odyf? cdkufjrJ? qnfwef? rdk;vHk;? [HkEG? uif;&Gm? rdkifrdkif? aemifr[J? pifvJ? aemifvdkuf? eHwdkif? [Jcsnf? aemifrdk? wyfaygif;t0ifum; aumifwHkjrdKU? 'Ggyg? rHwkef? 323 (7 November 1637) ewfoef? cdkusnf[efbGm; t0ifcJ½HkrHbmbdkw&Gm rdk;cpft0ifum; eHyk? armufwkd? pJiH? pnfydef? 4if;e,ftwGif; bk&m;7ql? 0wfMuD; 12? acsmif;7? awmif 3vHk; &Sdonfudk rdk;nif;jrdKU apmfbGm;[dkcifbGm;cH iaewufeH 1? touf 45ESpfolESifh apmfbGm;trwfwdkU ouú&mZf 999ck (1637) t&yf&yftif;pm&if; &Sif;vif; ppfodrf;awmfrl&mwif oGif;onfh a&Twdkufpm&if;pmwrf;/ apmfbGm;wdkUaqmif½dk;um; qifaygufqifraygif; a&T3pk teDwpk? jrif;MudK; uwåDyga&TMu,fwyf? xD;eD 2? xD;0g 2? wif&rf;uwåDyg 3qifh? uawmif a&Ta&; pmr&Dyef;cufudkuf? tem;oH 4H? eif;ESif;odyf&ifywfuGif; a&TZ0gckepfyGifh? "m;ewfoHywfckepfwefU acGao;acGrausmufpD"g;vdkuf tdwfpGyf 2 ouúvyfuGyfMuyf? waumifydwf? vbuftdk;? uGH;awmifywåjrm;w&pfpD;? a&TaxG;tif? a[mfywifwHkvHka&Tcs? Awdkifwnf0ifurÜwfowf? pnf&? tdyfzef 10? a&TESJ? aiGc&m 4vHk;? vif;uGif;? yHkom? a&Tb0g;awmfatmufuefawmh &onfrSm jrif;1pD;? zJeD? zJpdrf;? a&zvm; 3dvkyf? a&Tyef;cdkif? aiGyef;cdkif? vbuf acsmif;a& 32 t&Snf7F? tpOfuefawmh jrJa&S;xHk;pHay;onfhpmwrf;/ ouú&mZf 500jynfh wydkwGJvjynfhausmf5&uf4aeU (1139) wGif uGrfvHk aygonf Adkvfvl 700ESifh pum;jrdKUwnfonf? jrdKUta&SUtaemufwm 500? awmifajrmuf wm 500? wHcg; 5ayguf? jrdKU&yf 7F? xk4F? usHK;ESifhwuGwnfxm; jyKpkonf? jrdKUe,fum; ta&SUajrmufudkvm;aomf w&ufc&D;uGm emudkifxd wbuf anmifa&Tajrtpyf? ta&SUum; udk;wdkifc&D;uGm ebJacsmif;wbuf ausmuf3wdkifwbuf anmifa&Tajrtpyf? ta&SUawmifum; w&mufc&D;uGm eufrJacsmif;wbuf jrdKUjyifajrtpyf? awmifum;ESpf&ufc&D;uGmwHk wrJxd wbufoDuspfajrtpyf? taemufawmifum; oHk;&ufc&D;uGmaygif; avmifjrpf aumufaumufpif;pif;wbuf oDuspfajrpyf? taemufajrmufum; ESpf&ufc&D; uGm vufvJxdwbuf oDuspfajrtpyf? ajrmufum;&Spf&ufc&D;uGmo&uf 324 (7 November 1637) yifOrifxdwbuf qifxdef;bk&m;ajrtpyf? e,f&Spf&yftwGif; aus;&Gmum; a&Sma&mif&Gm? [Jpwf&Gm? eHawmif&Gm? [dkwnf&Gm? [dvd&Gm? ayguftif? cHkarmuf? rsm;ausmf? aiGcrf? waemifydk&Gm? &Gmrudk;&Gm? &Gmi,frsm;ESifhwuG awmif1? acsmif; 4? bk&m;wql? 0wfMuD;8vHk;? eefUtdwf 1? awm3&yf&Sdonf? eHrdkifcHESifh trwfapmfbGm;wdkU 1030jynfh (1668) jrdKU&Gmy,fe,frsm;udk t&yf&yfpm&if; ppfodrf;awmfrl&mwGif a&Twdkuf0ifjrdKUwnf 4if;ouú&mZf e,ftydkif;tjcm; aus;vuf&Gmrsm;udk pum;jrdKUapmfbGm;ia,muf? eH0? touf 39ESpfolESifh apmfbGm;trwfwdkU ay;tyfqufoGif;onfhpmwrf;/ omoemtESpf 40jynfhwGif apmausm[laom olonf waygif;vqef; 15&uf 4aeU (504 BC) eHeufwcsufwD;wGif Adkvfvli,fom; &Srf;trsm;ESifh wdkifyifí vl300ESifh rdk;eJjrdKUudk wnfonfh umvjrdKU ta&SUtaemufwm 450? awmifajrmuf 450? jrdKU&yf 10F? xk 5F? jrdKUjrpf 2F? usHK;tus,f 30F? teuf 9F? wHcg; 6ayguf Adkvvl 60? qif 10? jrif; 500? jrdKUe,fum; ta&SUajrmufudk vm;aomf . . .? ta&SUum; 5&uf c&D;uGmorcyf 58xd wbufusdKif;wHkajr tpyf? ta&SUawmifum; 4&uf c&D;uGm oHvGifjrpfwbufajrESifhtpyf? awmifum; oHk;&ufc&D;uGmrnf &Gmwbufu&ifawmifxd? taemufawmifum; . . .? taemufum; oHk;&ufc&D;uGm a&pufusacsmif;wbuf rdk;jAJajrESifhtpyf? taemufajrmufum; oHk;&ufc&D;uGm eeftifacsmif;xdwbuf anmifa&TajrESifh tpyf? ajrmufum;oHk;&ufc&D;uGm . . .? e,f&Spf&yftwGif; &Gmum; vG,ft0if tcg? awGUum? [vJ? aumifwH? usdKifrdkif? pHk[H? vJ[J? udkrJ? yefyef? aemifaemif? wGHyef? vdk[? ESdyfpuf? xHwuJ? ukefEGJ? eef&d? refrK? vHkpH? [Jxif? vufuGJ? empGJ? [Jydk? rm[kwf? tHk[ef? rdkifxif? emzkwf? beftnf? rdkifwG? cifcJ yefajy? [JauG? vGJ&Guf? usdKifawm? pifodk0f? acgufpnf? [dkpdkU? befuif? usdKifvGef? [Jbuf? eay? [Jpdef&Gmaygif; 58 wyf 325 (7 November 1637) aygif;um;rdkif;[GefjrdKU/ rdkif;yHhjrdKU? usdKif;crf;jrdKU? aemifrGefjrdKU? e,fwGifbk&m;4ql? 0wfMuD;50? ausmif;aygif; 8ausmif; &Sdonfudk ouú&mZf 1030jynfhwGif(1668) apmfbGm;cGefausmf? eH0? touf55ESpfolay;oGif;onfh a&Twdkufpmwrf;/ ouú&mZf 840jynfh wefaqmifrkef;vqef;12&uf 3aeU (6 October 1478) ae0ef;ay:wGif ay:crfnDawmif2a,muf&yfapmufjrdKUudkwnfonfh umv Adkvf 400? jrdKU&yf7F? jrdKUjrpf 2F? xk5F? ta&SUtaemuf wm 300? awmifajrmuf wm 300? wHcg;9ayguf? usHK;ESifhwuGwnfonf? jrdKUe,fum; ta&SUajrmufudk vm;aomf oHk;&ufc&D;uGmckwfwif acG;ajc&mxdwbuf oDaygajrESifhtpyf? ta&SU3&yf c&D;uGm opfajra&wGif;ausmufvHk;MuD;wbuf rdkif;wHkajrtpyf? ta&SU awmifum;w&mufc&D;uGm wJawmf&mxdwbuf anmifa&Tajrtpyf? awmifum; w&mufc&D;uGm wJawmf&mxdwbuf anmifa&Tajrtpyf? awmifum;w&uf c&D;uGmeeftHka&aeacsmif;xdwbuf anmifa&Tajrtpyf? taemufawmifum; w&ufc&D;uGm aZmf*Da&xGufacsmif;xdwbuf ausmufwHkyif;w&tpyf? taemuf um;w&ufc&D;uGm awmif½dk;xdwbuf &Gmpnfajrtpyf? taemufajrmufum; oHk;&ufc&D;uGm qdwfomjrpfxdwbuf oHkrajrtpyf? ajrmufum; o7uf5rnfwbuf oDaygajrtpyf? e,f&Spf&yftwGif; aus;&Gmum; wyJ&Gm? a>r&Gm? yHkydkif&Gm? oufuH? yHkjyif? rjym;? awmifMuD;? [Ju,fjzifhoa&? 0if[J? yHkyef? ywfem? [dkifausmuf? qdk0faemif? &GH&Sm? xdrmem? usufbuf4cHk? irdkifMuD;? MuD;rJ? awmusHK? awmtv,f? acsppf? eefvkwf? uefpdk? rdkiftif? ausmufyHk? aumifrdk;? tif0,f? rdkvD? [Jeif? Munfacgif? anmif0rf;? wwfMuD;? [JvHk? yefppf? aemifoacg? 0wfydkif? vJwif? 0aemif? bdcrf? ydefbk? uifvdkif? rHwJ? anmifwyif? tifawm? rdkifykwf? wa&mfajr? yHkausmuftdk;? uHk[if? ebuf? wufyJ? odrfwuf? pdkydef? vGJEGJ? aemifcGyf? yifwdkif? vHkayg? a&jzL? zefref? vkukrf? jymukef? uodk? yefyuf? EGmfavmif? EG,fvef? iefbk&m;yk? &Gmaygif; 69&Gm? acsmif;10? awmif3vHk;&Sdonf? 0wfMuD;10 &Sdonfrsm; 326 (7 November 1637) ouú&mZf 1030jynfh (1668)ppfodrf;awmfrl&mwGif apmfbGm;ixGef;onf rdkifausmftrwf ipHicHwdkUa&Twdkufawmfpm&if; qufoGif;onfhpmwrf;/ ouú&mZf 846ck 0gacgifvqef;3&uf1aeU (25 July 1484) aewuf5bGm;wGifrdkif;udkifjrdKUudk apmfbHkwnfonf? jrdKUe,fum; ta&SUajrmufudk vm;aomf ESpf&ufc&D;uGm vkwfacsmif;wbuf odEéDajrtpyf? ta&SUudkvm;aomf w&ufc&D;uGm anmifyifacsmif;xdwbuf vJjcm;ajrtpyf? awmifum; wdkif 20000uGm apwDvJjcm;jyifawmifausmufuefxdwbuf rdk;eJajrtpyf? ta&SUawmifum; w&ufc&D;uGm ausmufyef;wifwbuf vJjcm;ajrtpyf? taemufum; eHwacsmif;xdwbuf rdkif;(wHk)ajrtpyf? taemufajrmufum; . . .? ajrmufum; w&ufc&D;uGm e,fwefacsmifxdwbuf rdkif;wHkajrtpyf? e,f&Spf&yftwGif; awmif4vHk;? acsmif;8? 0wf10? bk&m;2ql &Sdonfudk apmfbGm; odk[Hkrdkif;cHtrwfcH0efwdkUay;oGif;onfhpmwrf;/ ouú&mZf (764)ck yxrrif;acgifMuD;vufxuf &wemyl&tif;0a&TjrdKU awmfü txufab;avmif;awmf bdk;avmif;awmfwdkU yk*H? jrifpdkif;? ppfudkif;? yef;, tqufqufaom Xmeaygif;wdkUwGif jyKpkawmfrlonfhtwdkif; a&TcGefawmf aiGcGefawmfwdkUudk owfrSwfonf? jrpfi,ftnma&TcGefawmf aiGcGefawmf trSKxrf; wdkUwGif ausmuf[J&Gmudk &GmrjyKí owd&Gm? abmodkifjyawmifukef;&Gm MunfEkajrmufabm [JrJ[Hkq,f&Gmom;wdkUrSmvnf; txufxrf;&Gufonfhtwdkif; xrf;&Gufapí a&Teef;½dk;aiGcGefawmfwdkUudk xyfrHí iydkifiab;vlwdkUudk acgif;cefUí bGJUawmfrlonf/ ouú&mZf 954ck waygif;vjynfhausmf 12&uf6aeU (16 February 1593) aiGcGefeef;½dk;aigcGefawmf r*Fvm&if;aiGcGefawmf taMuudk;&Gm tnmudk;&Gm? jrpfn 12&Gm? aiGcGefawmfqufaus;&Gm iga&mufw&GifwdkifaMumh aigcGefrSL; ajre,fav;&yfowfrSwfí bGJUvSLaiGcGefawmfqufawmifil? rkwår[Hom0wDvS&Gm iHraus;tif;av;&GmrSpí tpkpkr*FvmaiGcGefawmf vludk;aomif;rSL;u&if aiGcGefawmf taMuudk;&GmolMuD; iouf&SnfeH0? touf 51? iyefvl? 327 (7 November 1637) eH2? touf44? iomxGef? eH6? touf55? tnmudk;&GmolMuD;tuG,f? eH4? touf 63? vlwdkUtaMutnmudk aiGcGefawmfESpfpOf qufoGif;onf? jrpfnm 12 &Gm aiGcGefawmftrSL;udk;acgif;bGJUí 12&Gm aiGcGefawmf e,fowfrSwfí csay;onf? xdk&Gmonf ta&SUajrmufudkvm;aomf . . .? ta&SUum;acsmif;zsm; ausmufyHk? ta&SUawmifum; opfyavGyifxef;awm? awmifum; acsmif;jrpfi,f tv,faMum? taemufawmifum; ukuúdKyiftjcm;? taemufudkjrpfi,ftv,f aMum? taemufajrmufum; qifacsmif;ropf&myifcGtjcm;? ajrmufudkawmifyk½dk ausmufMuD;? e,f&Spf&yft&yfwGifab;bdk;udk,fwdkif xrf;&Guf½dk;rSm wudk,fvQif acsmfcGH 2H1JpD OD;a&&mtdrfudk tydktuJyg xrf;&GufqufoGif;&onfumv awmwdkif 1J tay:0efw&m;pum;tpGwftacsmufajrxufay:&SdvQif aumufpm; &onfudkxGufqdkonf/ jrawmif&GmolMuD; iyHk? eH0? touf65? rdtdrfay:? eH5? touf53olwdkU tppfcHcsuf? tcGefawmf qufjrawmif&Gme,fonf ta&SUajrmufudkvm;aomf wufawmifacsmif;? ta&SUudkvm;aomf acsmif;MuD;? ta&SUawmifudk uefaqmif oajyyif? awmifudkjrpfv,faMum? taemufawmifudk ajrmifopfawm? taemuf udkacsmif;zsm;? ausmufyHkcef? taemufajrmufudk awmifcsvrf;xd? ajrmufudk acsmif;MuD;a&csxd? e,f&Spf&yftwGif; a,musfm;½dk;wquf rdr®½dk;wquf aiGcGef rSL;½dk;qufcHí usm;MuD;usm;i,f vlwudk,fvQif aiGacsm 12H1Jus qufoGif; &onf/ aiGquftdrfajc 55ESpfpOf xrf;&GufqufoGif;&onfudk ppfwrf;cHonf/ abmfqdkif;&GmolMuD; iavSmf? eH3? touf65/ ia&TvHk? eH5? touf67? olwdkUudk ppfar;aomf uRefawmfwdkUpD&ifeuf aiGcGefawmf qufabmfqdkif;&Gmonf ta&SUajrmufudkvm;aomf orkef;yifxd? ta&SUudkjrpfwdkufacsmif;? ta&SUawmif bufyef;yifoHk;cG? awmifudkjrpf? taemufawmifudk acsmif;zsm;? taemufudk acsmif;MuD;? taemufajrmufukuúdKpkacsmif;? ajrmufudk oHawmif? e,f&Spf&yf twGif; y,faygif; 129y,f aiGcGefrSL; iqufabiwD; 328 (7 November 1637) acgifwdkUvufxuf xrf;&tdrfajc 44? aiGacsmwtdrfvQif 2H1JuscGef 75dtzdk;tuJa±yg 3d2H aiGcGefawmfudk qufoGif;í xrf;&ygonf? wk&ifysHcsD eE´oD&dppfaMumonfwGif abmfqdkif;&GmolMuD; iqufab iwD;acgifwdkUxGuf qdkonf/ yxr rif;acgifMuD;vufxuf aiGcGefawmfqufrJ[Hk&GmolMuD; iausmfol? eH0? touf55? ia&Tayguf? eH3? touf67olwdkUudk ppfaMum&mwGif rJ[Hk&Gm onfta&SUudkvm;aomf awmifxdyfukuúdKyif? awmifudkjrpf? taemufudkjrpfwdkuf acsmif;? ajrmufudk . . .? e,f4&yftwGif; rJ[Hk&Gmxrf;&if; tdrfajc 63? v,fy,f aygif; 250y,fwGif e,fwGif;wtdrfvQif tcGefawmf aiGacsm 2H1J awmwdkif &mwdkif tcGeftvmawmif;&m tpGwftacsmufvkyforQvlwdkUrSm tdrfacs 79 wESpfvQif 120d a&;pm;tydktuJyg 4d2H qufoGif;&aMumif;udk tppfcHonfh pmwrf;/ aiGcGefawmfqufjrpfnm 12&Gm t0ifjrpfawmifbuf a&Munf&GmolMuD; iwHk? eH3? touf67? ijzL? eH6? touf83? olwdkUudk ppfaMum&mwGif a&Munf &Gme,fonf ta&SUudkvm;aomf jrpf/ awmifum;xrftdkif? taemufum; ukuúdKvfa&xGuf? ajrmufum;pHkaMumif; ausmif;rwf? e,f4&yftwGif; ia0? iausmf? iawwdkUESifh vl13? tdrfajcaygif; 42? wudk,fvQif aiGacsm 2H1Jus tpGwftacsmuf vkyforQy,f 250? a&;pm; tydktuJyg 7d2H qufoGif; xrf;&Guf&ygonfudk 4if;&GmolMuD;wdkU tppfcHonfhpmwrf;/ ouú&mZf 954ck ewfawmfvjynfhausmf 10&uf0aeU (18 November 1592) wGif udk;ausmhaiGcGefquf 12&Gmt0if jrpfawmifbufausmufvJ &GmolMuD; iomyHk? eH3? touf57? iomausmf? eH 6? touf58? i0dkif;? eH4? touf56 olwdkUudk yxrrif;acgifMuD;vufxuf ouú&mZf (764)ck qufoGif;onfh pmwrf;um; ausmufvJ&GmvkyforQtdrfacsOD;a& 37? acgif 3 xHk;tdkiftif;rl&if; v,fvkyfawmwdkif 1H a,mwdkif 1H aiGcGefawmfrSm wtdrfvQif aiGacsm 2H1J qufoGif;xrf;&Guf&ygonfudk 4if;vlMuD;wdkU tppfcHonfhpmwrf;/ ouú&mZf 944ck wydkwGJvjynfhausmf4&uf5aeU (31 January 1583) wGif aiGcGefawmf 329 (7 November 1637) quf 12&Gmt0ifwdkifuswf &GmolMuD; iawmfrdkif? eH5? touf75? ivdkifbd? eH6? touf55? olwdkUudk oa&ysHcsD? wk&ifrewdkU ppfonfumvwdkif uswf&Gm e,fonf ta&SUudkvm;aomf rifuHausmufyHk? awmifudkuHk;½dk;? taemufudk xef; tdkif? ajrmufudkjrpfi,f? e,fav;&yftwGif; xrf;&tdrfajc 55? acgif;trSL; cefUxm;í aiGcGefom;wdkUrSm wtdrfvQif aiGacsm 2H1J wESpfwMudrfqufoGif; &onf? w&m;pum; uRJaoEGm;ao teHwifyg;cGefaocGefrrSm pHk3? udk;ausmh aiGcGefawmfenf;qufoGif;&aMumif;udk 4if;&GmolMuD;wdkUus tppfcHonfhpmwrf;/ ouú&mZf 945ckwGif (1583) aiGcGefawmfquf 12&Gmt0if eHajymuf&Gm olMuD; iaumfrSHK? eH3? touf75? aiGcGefrSL; iyefpH? eH5? touf65olwdkUudk ppf&mwGif xGufonfum; eHajymuf&Gmonf udk;ausmht0if udk;aomif;rSL;wdkU enf;xrf;&Guf&onf? eHajymuf&Gme,fum; ta&SUudkvm;aomf ausmufa&xGuf uRef;yifnDaemifacsmif;tjcm;? awmifaZmf*Djrpf anmif0rfukef;tjcm;? taemuf udk ap0efMuD;ozef;yifxd? ajrmufudk ukef½dkvrf; ra&eHacsmif;tjcm;? e,fav;&yftwGif; y,faygif; 94y,f? bk&m;0wfajr 25y,f? xrf;&tdrfacs OD;a& 75? wtdrfvQif aiGacsm 2H1J us qufoGif;&onf? w&mpum;tay:0ef teHwifyg;opfcGef&mcGefawmcGefqGJ&m ql tif;tdkifyGJr&if; a&mif;qnfrSpí wESpftcGefr 37d2H tydktuJ a&;pm;tyg 3d2H qufoGif;&onfudk 4if;&GmolMuD; ay;oGif;onfh tppfcHonfhpmwrf;/ ouú&mZf 945ckwaqmifrkef;vjynfhausmf5&uf5aeU (24 October 1583) wGif abmf[J&GmolMuD; iavSmH? eH3? touf65? iayvHk? eH5? touf75olwdkUudk ppf&mwGif xGufonfum; abmf[J&Gme,fum; ta&SUudk vm;aomf jrpfcdkufacsmif;? awmifudkjrpf? taemufudkacsmif;MuD;? ajrmufudk oHawmif? e,fav;&yftwGif; tpGwftacsmuf tdrfacs 37? wtdrfvQif aiGacsm 2H1JusaiGawmf r*Fvm&pfjrpfnm 12&Gmt0if vlwdkUESifh xrf;&GufqufoGif;&onf udk 4if;&GmolMuD;ay; 330 (7 November 1637) onfhpmwrf;/ ouú&mZf 999ck wefaqmifrkef;vqef;12&uf4aeU (18 October 1637) wGif aiGcGefawmfudk;ausmhjrpfnm 12&Gm eef;pnfr*Fvm aiGcGefawmfquf[J[Hkvrf jArdwdkifuswfeefajymufa&MuD; ausmufvJtHkp½dkif? awmifodu&ifaiGcGef ausmufqnfrif;aemf&xm apmjyKpk orkwfonf? uefawmfewfa&uefrsm;udk vnf; jyKpkawmfrlonf? 0gwdywåm anmif&rf;tpyf . . . txuftnm udk;ausmh aiGcGef rkwårawmifil ioa&muf? w&Gifwdkif? aiGcGefawmfqufrSpí tpktief; tonftvm? 0ifaeuyfyg; vma&muforQ y,fwGif; e,fwGif;qufjrJ tcGefawmfrsm;udk 999ck &mZmrkedplVm'g,umawmf omvGefrif;w&m;vufxuf y,fe,fedrdwftydkif;tjcm;rsm;udk oa&ysHcsDwk&ifrEkwdkU ppfaMumpD&ifonfhumv jrpfi,ftnm 12&Gmt0if ausmufvJ&GmolMuD; iomyHk? iomausmfwdkU tppfcHonfhpmwrf;/ oD&d"r®&mZmr[m"dywd trnf&Sdaom &mZmrPdplVm'g,um rif;w&m; onf &wemyl&tif;0a&TjynfMuD;ü xD;eef;u eufpdkufawmfrlonf? r*FvmMuD; vnf; jyKawmfrlonfhumv jywefaqmif;"gwfMuiSef;udk;&yf pdkufrSwfawmf rlonf? &wemyl&t0 a&TjynfMuD;[lí orkwfawmfrlonfh urÁnf;wdkifa&;rSwf pdkufxlawmfrlonf? toD;oD; rl;awmfrwfawmfrif;nDrif;om;rif;rdzk&m;wdkUESifh wuG r[mOuifawmfozGifhawmfrlonf? t&yf&yfjrdKU&Gmy,f e,fedrdwftydkif; tjcm; bk&m;ausmif;oHCDu0wf rdk;0wfajrrsm;udk &Sif;vif;awmfrlí csxm;awmf rlonf? ab;avmif;awmf bdk;avmif;awmfwdkUwdkufpk? 0efpk? tpk? tief;? aiGcGefawmfwdkU qufo½dk;r*FvmaiGcGefawmf½dk; tpktpOf? 'dkif;0if;vSHudk,f&H jrif;a&Munfawmfb@mpk? taemH0efpD&ifpk 42pdk; tMuD;tuJtMuyf? c0gawmf? oefUpifawmf? twifawmf? qHawmf? pm;awmfqefzGwf? twGif;eef;rawmf yefawmfquf? abmif;awmftaqmifeSpkudk vkyfajraeajr jrpfi,ftnm 12&Gm aiGcGefudk;ausmh aigcGefjynfjym; jrif;em;aiGcGefawmf? a&Teef;½dk;aiGcGefawmfquf 331 (7 November) 1637 rJ[Hkowdwdkifuswfjrawmif eef;aysmufausmufvJabmf[J a&MunftHkp½dkifyef onf awmfvufcufvGef&mrSpí 12&Gm aiGcGefjrpfawmifbufajrmufbufrSpí e,fedrdwftjcm;ESifh csxm;í bGJUawmfrlonfudk udk,f&Hwyfy&r®a'0wdkU wdkif;csay;&onf/ ouú&mZf 999ck (ewfawmfvqef; 2&uf3aeU) (7 November) 1637 onfht&yf&yfjrdKU&Gmppfwrf;wnf;/ (okawoDpmpk) 332 10 November 1637 bkef;awmftvGefMuD;jrwfawmfrlvSaom toQifb0&Sifrif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; trdefUawmf&Sdonf? od*kFwå&ukef;jrwfü Ouúvmrif;? w&dukrÇrif;? wzkó? zvduukefonfwdkU0fESifh odMum;? pwkavmuygvmewf? ql;avewf/ rokroG,fewfwdkU0fESifhnDí wnfaom '*kPfapwDawmfudk0f a&S;aumZm ouú&mZf uvd,kuf 103ck uyif xif&Sm;pGm prÜL'DyguRef;ü wcGefaqmufapí qHawmfjrwfESifhwuG omoemawmft&SnfwnfpdrfhaomiSg toQifb0&Sif rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; wdkif;c½dkif EdkifiHawmftwGif;odkU0f a&mufonf? yXr 'kwd, wwd, pwkw¬ yOör qXr owår tXr e0r 'ór wdkifq,fqlaom xD;awmfrsm;udk0f tqufqufaom tpdk;&aom rif;jrwfwdkU0fonf ,dk,Gif;orQudk a&TxD;wifí udk;uG,fawmfrlonf? ighbdk0fawmfoD&dw&db0em wdwsmy0&y@dw r[m"r®&mZm"dywd rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; vufxufawmfü apwDawmf xD;,dk,Gif;&mwGif ouú&mZf 927ck wydkwGJvjynfhausmf2&uf3aeU (6 February 1566) n4csufwD;ausmf 5em&D wywf 3ADZemuefvwf rdefpef;MudKuf vQuf xD; 09F2d? xD;qifh18FwdkUudk0f oHjym;omjyKí rdk;MudK;piftxGwfpaom t&m wdkUudk0f pD&ifapí 13ydóm tcsdef&Sdaom a&TcJudk0f tjym;cwfapí rGrf;rHapjyD;rS a&TxD;&wemudk0f MuD;vSpGmaom obifawmfjzifh qifjzL&Sif bdk;awmfrif;w&m; MuD;? jynfrif;owdk;"r®&mZm rkwårrif;&Jpnfol tif;0owdk0frif;apm? awmifilrif;acgif? qifjzL&Sif rif;om;awmf 5ql'g,umwdkU0fESifhwuG bGm;awmfMuD;paom rif;rdbk&m;o®D;awmf om;awmf aqGawmfMuD; rsdK0fawmfMuD; rSL;MuD;rwfMuD; ta0;jrdKU0efppfuJwdkU0ftm;xyfí taeuZmwif&onf/ oCFmawmf 1000 qGrf;awmfauR;onf/ aemifawmfrif;w&m;onf bGm;eHbuf w&,ft&yfü odrf;awmfrlonf/ apwDawmft&HapmifhcGmESifh i,fom; 45wdkUudk0f &JavSESifhoHvQifuonf '*kPfodk0fwifí ul;ydk0f&onf/ xdk0fwGif xyfí a&Tu&m;jzifh a&pufawmfcsonf/ apwDawmfjrwfonf aumuúoH? a*gP*kPf? uóy? a*gwr? t&darawå,s? 5qlaom bk&m;ocifwdk0fESifh ruif;ruGm jrwfvSpGmaom &wemukef; 333 10 November 1637 jrwfjzpfonf/ 8acsmif;aom qHawmfjrwfudk0f&nfí bdeyfawmfuonf xD;awmf a&mufa&Trsufyg;rGrf;rHap/ t&d,moCFmjrwfwdkUudk0f qGrf;awmfauR;? obif awmfpHkcHí [Hom0wDjrdK0f0efrif; &JoD[ol? oHvsifjrdK0f0efrif; &JaZ,sol? a&0efrif;&Jom*olwdkU0fESifh jrdKU0f0efppfuJ a&0efppfuJwdk0f Muyfrí pnfyif atmif obifcHap/ 0efwdk0furSm a&TbGm;awmfatmufuvnf; aoemywd 1? 0efaxmuf1? pma&;MuD;1 wdkUudk0f cefUxm;í pHkoGm;ap&rnf/ qkawmfawmif;pm a&Tu&m; tyfjrJtyf&rnf/ pnfawmfpHkcefU/ ouú&mZf 999ck ewfawmfvqef;5&ufaeU (10 November 1637) em;cH ajymhMuD;rSL;xkwfí xTwfwGifjyefonfh trdefUawmf/ (rsdK;Munfh 1944? wufA[dk 45235? *efUa*gtHhay) 334 18 November 1637 bkef;awmftvTefMuD;jrwfawmfrlvSaom toQifb0&Sif rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; trdefUawmf&Sdonf/ (ouú&mZf 999ck) jymodk0fvjynfhausmf4&ufpaeaeU (23 December (1637)) rdk0f0ef;NrdKU0fa&muf csDawmfrlrnfrSm eef;aqmifawmf azgifawmfwifípD;rnf? jr0fhrdk&f 2 xyfoMunfwuf 'kydumxD;ESihf uJvm; 3 rsuffESm? tvHusnf? vSHusnf? a&TxD;jzLcHkESihf a&S;bdk0fawmf [Hom0wD qifjzL&Sif rif;w&m;BuD;? crnf;awmf b0&Sifrif;w&m; ,dk0f',m;aMumif; befarmfaMumif; csDawmfrlaomtcg xGufpHawmfrlonfenf; xGufpHawmfrlrnf? ppf0wfwHqg yef; uif;avmif;rSpí a0gawmf? a&Tavmif;? a&TvS? &JavS? uwåL? oHyef;? uif;avmif;rSpí a0gawmf? usdKif;awmf? taqmifrif;cef;awmfrsm; udkkkkk0faqmif& rnfrSm qifwifa&Ta&;aygif;ESihf xrf;pifwif&efrsm; udk0ftaemuf0efpma&;wkdUu ay;tyfNrJ xrf;vludk0fvTwfrSm pm&if;ay;pm/ atmifwyfawmfeef;udkvnf; waeY vQif 5 wdkifausmft&yfü wifhw,fatmifaqmufap/ eef;aqmuftb,ugrPd ol&udkcefY? tpD&ifoGm;rnfaomcg aA'ifwwfvl ykPÖm;orm;awmf rEÅefawmf wkdUudk0fcefY? atmifwyfawmfeef;udk rusnf;apESihf/ a&S;ppfobif&ifukefaom {u&mZfrif;jrwfwdk0fh pHawmfrlaom obifawmfeef;pmwef; xHk;a[mif;twdkif; a&Twkdufawmf&Sd pmukd0fxkwfMunhfí 0efwdk0fhpD&if/ 18 November 1635 ouú&mZf 999 ck ewfawmfväef; 13 &ufaeYtrdefYawmf/ rsdK;Munhf 1944? wufA[dk 45235? *efYa*gtHhay) 335 22 November 1637 bkef;awmftvTefBuD;jrwfawmfrlvSaom tosifb0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m; trdefY awmf&Sdonf/ rdk;0ef;NrdKU0fodk0f csDawmfrlonhftckduf a&Teef;awmfapmifh NrdKU0fawmf wHcg;jyBuD;jyi,frsm;wGif? ododjrifjrifaxmufxm;í trSKawmfudk0f xrf;ukefEdkif rnfholudk a&G;aumufvQif twGif;awmfrSm trSKudkuRrf;odí aus;Zl;opömawmf ESihftnD &Sifrdzk&m;o®D;awmf rif;udk0fvkyfawmf tysdK0fawmfwdk0frSpí vufyg;ap? tvyfap? tMurf;ap? rdr®wdkUudk tusdK;taMumif;jyoí NAJwdkufawmf? aZw0ef aqmif? aygif;awmfaqmif? jyó'f? ajreef;? a&SUwHcg;eDa&muf toGm;tvm tvSnfhtywf tMunhft&SKUra&mufap&? aeNrJtaqmifawmfrS ta&SUodkUrul; roef;&atmif trSKawmfudk0fxrf;&GufEdkifrnhf trwfoD&daZ,soBuF? oD&deE´ oBuFwdkUudkcefY? twGif;0efoD&db,ausmfol? eE´b,ausmfxifwdkU0fESihf oHawmf qifha'0DoD&d? eE´oD&dwdkudk0fcefY/ NAJwdkufrSL;udk NAJwkdufwGifaeap? jyó'f awmfrSL;ukd0fvnf; jyó'fawmfwGifaeap/ taqmifawmfNrJwdkUrSm pg&if;ustif; us0ifxGufNrJpGJtdyfvSnhftdyfzefESihf &SdoolwdkUrSm waqmifvQif 4 a,mufpDcefY/ ajreef;awmfrSm aoewf0efwdkUudk0f aemufawmfvkdufcefY/ ajreef;awfmaoGmufBuD; wkdY0fESifh i,fom;wkdUrSm w0ufvdkufap/ w0ufaeap/ 0if; 4 &yfrSL;wkdUrSm 14 a,mufvHk;udkvdufap/ 0if;pmcsD0if;pma&;0if;aqmfwkdU0fESihf trSL;t0ef;i,fom; wkdU0frSm w0ufvdkufap/ w0ufaeap/ vTwfrSpí a&SU½Hk;aemuf½Hk;wGif tapmifh taetpkt0ef; ttkyftcsyfESihf xrf;&GufoolwkdUrSm w0ufvdkufap? w0ufaeap/ NrdKU0fBuD;wHcg; jyBuD;jyi,frsm;rSm ukvm;uRefawmfcH? &cdkif uRefawmfcH? weifom&DuRefawmfcH? '0,fuRefawmfcHwdkUu tMuyftaqmifESihf wHcg; 1 vQif vl 100? jyBuD; 1 vQif vl 50? jyi,f 1 vQif vl 30 pD aeYnOfh vufeufud&d,mtpHkESihf apmihfaeap/ tyftxGufom;wkdU0frSm oli,fcsif;acgif; tBuD;taqmifwkd0fESihf t&yfuGufae omrSKromrSK vkdufvHydkUaqmif&rnf? oli,fcsif;pkwkdUudk wyg;wjcm; t&yftuGufucGmí roGm;apraeapESihf? aeYnOfh t&yfuGufwGifom aexdkifNrJaexdkifap? NrdKU0efaxmifrSL; taemuf0efpma&;BuD; wkdUrSm axmifrSL;axmifpmcsD taemuf0efpma&; 336 22 November 1637 BuD; wdkUudkwufvdkufap? NrdKU0eftaemuf0efwkdUudk rvdkufapESihf? a&SUwHcg;eD aemufwHcg;eD NrdKUwHcg;trSL;t0ef;i,fom;wkdUudk wHcg;wGifom aeYnOhfaeap? vTwfxGifaoemywd 4 a,mufteuf oD&daZ,ol&? oD&d&mZol&wkdUESihf 0efaxmufvusfmaZ,sol&? vuf0JaZ,sol&wkdUudkaeap? t&yf&yfNrdKU0ef ppfuJ wdkU0frSm pD&ifNrJpDvQif ajreef;uokemMunfhwdkUudkMunfhap? remrzsm;onfudk emrusef;pg&if;ay;vQif pm&if;usolwkdUudk t&mrSEIwf? a0;pGmaomt&yfodkUydkU? tdyfvSnfhtdyfzefoihfolwkdUrSm t&mrSEIwfí qifpm&dwfxnhf? vTwf½Hk;wGif z½kó0gpmorÜvmy0gpg tMurf;twrf;qdkonhf a&SUaei,fwdkUukd0f tcsuf 100 ½kduf? ae&maerSL;BuD;rwfBuD;jcif;jzpfap? ae&mraeESihf ae&mae? ae&mvGwf rSL;rwfwkd0f ½Hk;&if;pGmqdk0fvQif a&Smifcsnf? aevSrf;/ cefYawmfrlorQwdkUudk0f vGwfuroihfrwihfonft&mrsm; udk0fodMum;&vQifppf? rSefvQif&mZ0wfawmfudk xif&Sm;atmif0efwkd0fpD&if/ 22 November 1637 ouú&mZf 999 ck ewfawmfvjynhfausmf 2 &ufaeY trdefYawmf/ (rsdK;Munhf 1944? wufA[dk 45235? *efYa*gtHhay) 337 9 December 1637 bkef;awmftvTefBuD;jrwfawmfrlvSaom toQifb0&Sifrif;w&m;BuD;bk&m; trdefY awmf&Sdonf/ t&yftuGufom;wkdU0frSm vlBuD;vlaqmifESihf tjynhftpHk&Sdonf/ oli,fcsif;0ifonftdrfrsm;rSm cdk0fao;rD;yGm;ray:rxGuf&atmif nOfhaeEdk0f aqmfí wtdrfudkcsdwfcRef;ygaom 0g; 10 pif;wefonf 5 pif;wefonf pdkufaxmif&Sdap/ tdrfrdk0frSmvnf; a&tdk0fa&jynfhwifap/ xrif;csufjyKwfonfrSm vnf; usif;aZmuf 3F wl;í csifcsdefukd0fomcsufap/ eHuf 4 csufwD;ausmf 3 armif;ucsufjyKwfí rD;aondrf;ap/ nae 3 csufwD;ausmf 2 armif;wGif vufr axmifrSL;wdkUu armif;oHay;vQif xrif;csufap/ n 3 csufwD;ausmf 7 armif; udkrD;aondrf;ap/ csufjyKwfcsdefarmif;oHay;onfhtcsdeftwGif;u vGwfonfh tcsdefwGif wtdrfrQrD; rD;yGm; rD;ayguf rD;yGifhr&SdapESihf rD;usif;wGif rD;aqmifwdkUu trIdufMuufarT;ESihfwdkUí prf;owfap/ aondrf;csdefumv jzpfvsuf raorndrf;prf;owfonfh trIdufMuufarT; udk0fpGJuyfavmifvQif rD;&Sdonfhtdrf&Sifudk0f a&SU½Hk;rSmtyfap/ vrf;c&D; vrf;ul; vrf;csm; vrf;auGU jyiftwGif;tdrfrsm;rSmvnf; aq;tdk0faq;wHaomufí roGm;apESihf/ oGm;vmol wdkUudkawGUvQif aq;tdk0f aq;wHudk0fvk,lodrf;xm;í tcsuf 100 ½dkuf/ rD;aqmf udk0fwaeY 5 csdef rSnfhywfprf;owf ppfaMumap/ nnhfrSKnnfhcif;rSmvnf; trSK tcif;r&Sdonfudk0f nnhfwcsufwDausmfvQif roGm;rvmap/ olcdk;ol0Sufwdk0f tdrf&mudk usL;azguf,lwufcdk;onfudk0fodí [pfausmfvQif Mum;orQ&H0ef;zrf; qD;ap/ Mum;axmufodaxmufoifhvQuf rvmra&mufrnDrnmaevQifaeolwdkU udk tcsuf 50 pD½dkuf/ t&yftuGufwGifaeonfh touf 60 ausmf 70 ol 80 oludk0fausmif; bk&m;oGm;í udk,fpm;awmfwifvSLylaZmfap&rnf/ 0efwkdUpD&if/ 9 December 1637 ouú&mZf 999 ck jymodk0fvqef; 5 &ufaeY em;cHpajrmifrSL;xkwfí vTwfwGif jyefonfhtrdefYawmf/ (rsdK;Munhf 1944? wufA[kd 45235? *efYa*gtHhay) 338 11 December 1637 bkef;awmftvGefMuD;jrwfawmfrlvSaom toQifb0&Sif rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; trdefUawmf&Sdonf/ rdkif0ef;jrdK0fodkU0f csDawmfrlrnf/ aumif;jrwfaom r*Fvmtcg awmf ouú&mZf 999ck jymodkvjynfhausmf 7&uf 3aeU ( 26 December1637) eHeuf4csufwD;ausmf5em7D 2ygwf 10ADZemjyefjynfhc&mjynfhü csDawmfrlrnf/ aemufawmfvdkuf5oG,fae trwftouf 40&Sd ESD;acgufaewdkUrSpí a&TbGJUawmf& trSL;trwfjrif;MuD;'dkif;rSL;wyfrSL; jrif;onf ukd,f&Hawmf? Munf;oifha&oifh aoGmufpk? jrif;awmfonf? a&Tyef;yef,Gef;pk? aumif[efwyf? aumif[efol&J50? 'dkif;? 0if;udk,f&H? jrdK0fpm;? &Gmpm;? aus;pm;? oif;rSL;? pcsD? pjrif? uvH? oHjyifwdkU0frSpí t&yf&yfa&mufonfh uRefawmfcHvlpk? tarGpkvl? aoGmuf? tajrmuf? a&Tav;? a&TvSH? av;? vSH?um? vTm;? "g;rSpí uRefawmfrsdK;wdkUudk0f tpkcsyf tpkudkifwdk0fESifh aemufawmfvdkuf&rnfh tMuD;wdkUudk0fac:í pmcReftyf? wyfaygif;jypfaomapmfbGm;? jrdK0fpm;? ppfuJ? em;cH? jrdK0fpma&;wdkUonfvnf; wjrdK0fvQif vufeufudkif 1000pDESifh qdkifoifh&mvrf;qHk0rsm;u wyfwmcH&yfí toifhaeap&rnfhtaMumif;udk0frSm orm;rEÅmef? usD0efpma&;/ O,nfpma&;wdkUrS pí a&pkom;pkwdkUudk0fwufí a&;rSwf&rnfholwdkUudkcefU/ qif0efqifESifh? atmufrm;0efatmufrm;ESifhvdkufap/ jrif;0ef? aemufawmfygjrif;0ef? vif;Zif; jrif;0ef? yk*Hjrif;0efwdkU0frSpí 0efpk&wdkUudk0fcefU/ a0gawmf? usdKif;awmf? pD;awmf qif? jrif;? trSL;i,fom;wdkUrSpí uRefawmfrsdK0fwdkUudk0f aphESHUatmif tMuD;pma&; aoGmufMuD;i,fom;wdkU0f toufaeU? eH? aeonfht&yftuGuf? jrdK0f&Gmaus;vuf aus;oD;rsm;wGif aexdkifaMumif;rsm;ESifh t&m&mrsdK0fwdkUudk0f ,cku0g,mrjyKí 0efwdkU0fpD&if/ ouú&mZf 999ck jymodk0fvqef; 7&ufaeU (11 December 1637) trdefUawmf/ (rsdK;Munfh 1944? wufA[dk 45235? *efUa*gtHhay) 339 11 December 1637 bkef;awmftvGefMuD;jrwfawmfrlvSaom toQifb0&Sifrif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; trdefU awmf&Sdonf/ jrdK0fwGif;jrdK0fjyif t&yftuGufwGif aexdkifonfh uRefawmfrsdK0fwdkU0f rSm w&m;pum;rI t&Suftwif aMu;rIaiGrI tnif;tcHk txkwftawmif; tarG pum;rsm;rSpí ppfaMum&efqdk0f&efrsm;rSm qdkif&m0efpma&;wdk0f a&SUppfaMumfcHap/ cH&mwGifvnf; cHkolrwfwdk0fonf avmb&r®ufodk0frvdkuf ajzmifhrwfpGm "r®owf jzwfxHk;rsm;üvmonfhtwdkif;udk0fom pD&ifap/ qif;&Jom;uRefawmfrsdK0fESifh trSL;trwfolaX;ol 340 11 December 1637 bkef;aw,ftvGef MuD;jrwfawmfrlvSaom toQifb0&Sif rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; trdefUawmf&Sdonf? rdk;0ef;jrdKUa&muf csDawmfrlonfrSm tvQifcsDESifhap&rnfh rif;&J om*&ol? ppfuJ&Jaomfb,? &Ja'0? em;cHaZ,syknmaoGmufiusdKif? O'defb, aoGmufi0? wyfpma&;&JapmrSL;aoGmufiatmif? &mZb, aoGmufiom? vufeufudkif 1000? tajrmuf10? aoewf 100? av; 300? vufeufud&d,m vSH"g;udk,faph ay;tyf&rnf/ rif;&J&mZol? rif;&JausmfpGmausmf? rif;&Jrif;vSausmf rif;&Je&m? rif;&JoD[? rif;&Jausmfol? rif;&Je&ol? rif;&JpuúolwdkUrSm rif;&Jom*ol enf;cefU? pawjrif;rSL;udkwyfrSL;? eE´om&? eE´oD[udkwyf ppfuJ? wefUMunfpm;aoGmufiausmf? 4if;aoGmufiom&? qifuJwdkUaoGmufiOD;? racguf pm;aoGmuficsif;wdkUrSm vufeufudkif 500pD? tajrmuf5? aoewf100? av; 300? vTm;umtpHk aq;MunfaphtpHk? pm&if;ustif;usAdkvfrSL;wdkUudkac:ítyf? rif;om;jrif;rSL;wdkU csDonf wyfwGif wyfygrif;om; ae&maejrif;rSL;10? qifa& ay;rif;om;10? ESD;acgufae trwf5usdwfwdkUudkvnf;cefU? aA'iform;? rEÅmef ykPÖm;wdkUudk AdkvfwyfrSmcefU? oD&daZ,saemf&xm? oD&daZ,sausmfxif? oD&daZ,s ol&? oD&docF,m? oD&daZ,socF,m? vuf,meEÅol? vuf0JeEÅol? vuf,m aZ,soMuø? vuf0Jpnfol? eE´ol&d,? eE´Av? eE´ol&wdkUrSmvnf; ppfuJ2pD? em;cH2pD? wyfpma&;2pD? aoGmufpk? jrif;pk? a&Tyef;yefpkucefU? vufeufudkif 300 pD? tajrmuf2pD? aoewf 50pD? aq;usnfaphtpHk? av;100pD? cefUxm;&rnf/ 0efwdkUuac:íqdk? rif;om;? AdkvfrSL;rif;om;? wyfrSL;rif;om;wyg;yg;awmfae'l; aetrwfwyfrSL;wdkUrSmqif 100? jrif;300? vdkufapcefU? qdkif&mtpkcsKyf tpkudkif wdkUudkac:íjyef? rif;&Jom*oludkpnfjzL5? yHkom1? ESJ 3? c&m 2? pnfykwf 1 oem;awmfrlonf? oD&daZ,saemf&xmudk pnfjyL5? yHkom1? ESJ 3? c&m 2? pnfykwf 1? vifuGif; 1 oem;awmfrlonf/ rif;&Jom*oludk a&Taycarmuf? usdKif;a&Tcsuf? pD;qif? AdkvfrSL;rif;om;wyfygrif;om;wdkUudk pD;qifusdKif;a&Tcsuf oem;awmfrlonf/ 341 11 December 1637 ouú&mZf999ck jymodkvqef; 7&ufaeU (11 December 1637) em;cHajymhMuD;rSL; vTwfwGif jyefonfhtrdefUawmf/ (rsdK;Munfh 1944? wufA[dk 45235? *efUa*gtHhay) 342 14 December 1637 bkef;awmftvGefMuD;jrwfawmfrlvSaom toQifb0&Sif rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; trdefUawmf&Sdonf/ rdk0f0ef;jrdK0fodk0f ppft*Fg4yg;ESifh csDawmfrl&mygonfh rif;om; AdkvfrSL;wifrSL;0ef 0if;rSL;wdkU0frSpí tkyfpkwyfygppfuJem;cHwyfa&; tuGyftMuyf wdk0f tkyfpkol&JolcufwdkUonf vrf;c&D;qdkifoifh&mjrdKU0f&Gmawmaersm;wGif Muuf 0ufEGm;uRJqdwfwdk0frSpí olUtoufwdkUudk0f owfpm;jcif;rS Munfa&Smif&rnf/ t&Sifray;aom Opömudk0f rvkr,l rzsufrqD;apESifh/ o®D;ysdK0fom;ysdK0fwdkUudk0f tn§if;tyef;r&SdapESifh/ OpömaMu;aiGtaqmift&GufwdkUudk rzsufrqD;apESifh/ tdrfaxmifcrf;em;a,musfm;rdr®wdkUudk0f rodrf;r,lapESifh/ vludkvljcif; txdk0f tckwftykwftcwfr&SdapESifh/ cdkuf&efa'goarm[rmefrmewdkUudk csKyfwnf;ap/ rif;&Sdefpdk0f&Sdefuyfcdk0fí tmPmxkyfjy awmif;qdk0forQ qif;&Jom;wdkUu ray; apESifh/ wyfawmfESifhteD;ta0; rxGufroGm;apESifh/ qifjrif;aMumif;pm;onf t&mrSmvnf; wyfawmfESifh ra0;/ teD;tyg;wGifom aMumif;pm;ap/ vltapmifh taetMunfht½I rvpfr[if;apESifh? aemufawmfvdkuftpkpk uRefawmfrsdK0fwdkU0f wGif tcsif;csif; cdkufyGm;&efpnfr&SdapESifh/ tavmftvJjydKifí rqdk0fapESifh/ taomif;tMurf; rjyKapESifh/ tyfxm;awmfrlonfh b@mawmfrsm;udk0f r,dkifr&Gif;apeSifh/ vufeufud&d,mtyfawmfrlorQ tysuftpD;tusdK;tyJh r&Sdap ESifh/ aygufysuf&m temrvGwfruif;&Sdonfh b@mawmfrsm;udk0fjyí tpD&if cHap/ raumif;vQif jyifvkwfí tyfjrJtyf/ atmifwyfawmf eef;pHawmfrlorQrSm ykPÖm;tZm*½k? aygu©&om'd? ynm,Sdr[mausmfpGm? r[mausmfolwdk0f pD&ifonfh 0if;4rsufESmwHcg;wGif "gwfzdk0f? "gwfr? "gwf&Suf? "gwftu©&m? tkwf? uopf? Ekwfusdef;? ajcusdef;? rD;pm? rD;cGuf? csnfrQif? za,mif;? csdef? usyf? ocsFmta&twGuf? qifayguf? qifr? OD;pD;? cRef;udkifol? za,mif;wdkif? a&TjrKwm? aiGjrLwm? xD;jzL? wHcGef? pnfjzL 5? yHkomESpf? w½kwfwvdkif; tutwD;? >*rf;ukvm;twD;tu? &Srf;uonf; twD;tu? jrefrmtwD;tu? vlrsdK0f 100 twD;tu? ewfppfcsewfaea,musfm;wdk0fESifh? y&rr[m&mZ*k½k q&mawmf? eJ 343 14 December 1637 vuFmq&mawmf? r[m0efq&mawmf 3yg;wdk0frSm? usD0efusDpma&; Muyfrap/ oHCFmawmfq&mawmf 1vQif 8yg;pD? xGufawmf rrlrDa&SUawmfu,nfpD;í vdkufap/ ,nfxrf;rsm;rSm r[m'gef0efpma&; ausmif;0efpma&;wdkUu q&mawmf 1vQif wusdyfpDay;tyf/ eef;awmfOD;wGif w&mhckESpfuGufpMumatmifvHawmf? a&SU0if;qifysH&wem? aemuf0if;jrif;ysH&wem? vuf0J0if;om;MuD;&wem? vuf,m0if;oaX;MuD;&wem? iSufqifpD;? qifpD;? jrif;pD;? ewfom;wdkUrSpí atmifpnf? atmifarmif;? atmifvHawmf? rdk0fusdK0fjypfuRHcsdK0f? om;rzGm;wwfuRJ rcsdK0f? ajroD;csdK0f? uRJjcif;cwfEdkifonfh uRJcsdK0f? wHydkifawmf tif;a&; tpD&ifrsm;rSm ykPÖm;ynm&SdwdkUudk0f ar;í rZösdrwdkufoD&d"r®maomupaom aomVowdkif;jynfMuD; 16jynfü (vkyfxHk;ESifh) twlpD&ifap&rnf/ 0efwdkUu ac:íjyef/ ouú&mZf 999ck jymodk0fvqef; 10&ufaeU (11 December 1637) em;cHajymhMuD;rSL;xkwfí vTwfwGifjyefonfh trdefUawmf/ (rsdK;Munfh 1944? wufA[dk 45235? *efUa*gtHhay) 344 4 February 1638 eE´ysHcsDcHiom&udkoHvsifapmifh&JavS 10pif;udk&JavS0efcefUaMumif;vnf; ypöKyÜef oHo&mtusdK; taMumif;wdkUudk em;vnfodjrifoljzpfí ightrIwdkUudk raoGrzD xrf;&Gufrnfudk t&nf&Sdí cefUawmfrlonf? trIawmfudk MuyfMuyfwnf;wnf; ukefwGifatmifxrf;/ ouú&mZf999ck waygif;vqef;3&uf1aeU (4 February 1638) jyef trdefUawmf/ (okawoDpmpk) 345 7 February 1638 bkef;awmftvGefMuD;jrwfawmfrlvSaom &mZmrPdplVm'g,umrif;w&m;MuD; trdefUawmf&Sdonf/ ouú&mZf 731ck waygif;vjynfhausmf 5&ufaeU (14 February 1370)wGif yk*Hork'¨&mZfrif;vufxufwGif bGJUpnf;½Hk;onfh 7wdkuf t0if ajry,fe,fOD;a&jrdKUjyaus;&Gm e,foD;e,fcsm;'dkif;vrdkif; 0if;udk&ef aumif[Htonfa&TcGH aiGcGHqifjrif;tpdkUrsm;ESifh r&Sif;rvif;axG;a&m&Sufwifí &SdMuonf/ a&S;ab;avmif;awmf bdk;avmif;awmf taemf&xmapmv¬uf rsm;u vnf; 0if;qiftwGif; pD;awmfqiftpdkU"eufyvmqiftpdkU pD;awmfqiftpdkU 4pD; rSpí atmHrm;qifoif;tpdkUrsm;udk om;awmftpnf ajr;awmftquf jrpfawmf tnGefU t"GefU&SnfpGm r*FvmarmfuGefjynf\ Muufoa&&Sdaom qifaumif; jrif;aumif;véufu&d,m usDusb@mpyg;rsm;rSpí jynfwGif;jynfy jynfhpHkMuD; jrifhaom t&monfr&Sdavao;/ axG;a&m&SufwifxGuf0ifoGm;&m a&S;rif;wdkU v¬ufqif aumif;jrwfaomawmawmifjrpfqdwfurf;em;awmif;yef ysm;rsm;aom t&yfESSHpyf 346 7 February 1638 jznfhí qifaumif;&Sd&mwESpfwMudrfaMumhbrf;&onf? ya&arol&defO'defrif;apm wdkUudk yocif;usif;í? OHKwHol&a'0g? [dEémtm*&? ESdrfESdrfzkwfzkwf? &Gyfbwfo& q,fí? a&TvTefuJ? tJpHausmf? *ZeE´ausmf? ur®HydkufwdkUudk oG,fv,fí Mueft*Fgvu©PmbwfvQif 6F? 7F? qifajymifqE´eft&nfrGefaom*a*F,s trsdK; trnfeufaom qifawmf? tpG,ftjzm;[if;&efbl;uJhodkUaomqifaumif;wdkUudk 9oif;wvvQif 2oif; brf;oGrf;í jynfjrdKUusHK;pvifusHK;rsm;rSmoGif;ap/ 9oif; tpkom; Zif;r,frif;MuD;[HodkUrdkif? bdkrHkwdkif;qdkifavSmfwdkU aqGom;rsdK;om; vl 175téufua&G;í Zif;r,fygudk;oif;t0ifoHk;oif;atmHrm; vl 30 bGJUonf/ awmifilyg iarG;? ipH? iw? iyd? iokwf? iausmfpH? iMumyifwdkUESifh iusdKufvGef? iusdKufydwdkUyg awmifiljynfygvl 48w&yf? 12w&yf vlwdkUudk atmHrm;oif; 9pdkU t0if jALuEG,facgif; 42vl6aoGmH 9oif;t0ifjynfjrdKU&Sd bGJUonf/ rdkufacgifwH? &JwHonf? iu? iMumydk? ivGrf;rdwdkUESifh 5acgif;? atmHrm;9oif;t0ifbGJUonf vl 32? odrfwufacgif;? rif;wHk;jrdKU&Sd ol&JMurf;acgif;? jrif;Murf;acgif;? zGJUvHk; atmifacgif;? unifajymifqif rtdk&Gmacgif;? a':vDiusdKufawm? iavmHwH&J iwHaumifwdkUESifh 9oif;? atmHrm;t0if tpD; 50w&yf? 75w&yf? 45w&yf? odrf;pnf;acgif;? ewfOaoQmifacgif;? uif;pifacgif;? csHKacgif;? jynfpdkacgif;? jynfjrdKU&Sd 17acgif;? 9oif;t0if? 4oif;acgif;? atmHrm;tpD;100? rmjzL½Hk½Hk? rmrmwif qifrtMuD;om;i,fEdkUpdkUyg? 279? 115? acgif;bGJUonf 45 w&yf? ipHyg? iolwd? *ZeE´? eE´ol&? *Zyknm? iygtdwdkUyg vlaygif; 555? 9oif;t0if bGJUívkyfajrpm; ajrygvlaygif; 555udk wudkvQif 7J 2Hwefonf? 3J1Hwefonf? 1J1Hwefonf? y,faygif; 7000 ausmft&yf&yf atmHjrpfpnfwavQmH jynfjrdKUae? rif;wHk;aeajry,f 35J pDcsonf/ eEGif;udkif&Gm 535J? a&pMudK&Gm 355J? uefwl&Gm 55J? &Jywdkif&Gmy,f 250J? rmefMudK;&Gm 1500J? jrif;80 &Gmy,f 50J? rvGefwif&Gmajry,f 50J? ukvm;rnf;ajry,f 86J? ausmH&pf&Gma&Taygifavmif bk&m;udk 778ck (1416) e&ywdMuD;vSLonfh 0wfawmfuif; 347 7 February 1638 &GmajruESKyfí a&TyHkom &Gmajry,f 555J? opfqdrfh&GmawmifvufajrmHvufajr y,f 260J? rtlqifwrf;&Gmajru,f 175J? 0rf;jynfh&Gmajry,f 135J? uefwm&Gm y,f 135J? acsmifOD;&Gmy,f 135J? v,fZif&Gm 235J? icHk&Gmajry,f 35J? atmifom&Gmy,f qifajc&m uRef;y,f 905J? qm;xHk;&Gmajry,f 150J? a,mc½dkif cJ&Gmajru,f 213J? ykyÜudkif&Gmajr 700J? v,fjzL&Gmajry,f 200J? acsmif;ul;&Gm ajry,f 200J? yJcif;&Gmajry,f 75J? om;ayHg&Gmajry,f 64J? oHavmuf&Gmajry,f 35J? tmavmifuRef;ajry,f 85J? rmefusnfysm; &Gmajry,f 65J? qifMum;&Gmajr y,f 65J? awmifausmif;&Gmajry,f 20J? jynfjrdKUaus;usHK;wdkuf&Gmajry,f 25J? uHv,f&Gmajry,f 50J? yefawmf&Gmajry,f 53J? umvmod*FgwdkufwGif;&Sd ay;cs oem;awmfrlonf/ awmifbuf 9c½dkife,ftwGif; MuD;rnf;qnfa&aomH ajymif; jymEGm;wufuvH ausmHqnfaomH? yef;,OZem rif;MuD;vSLonf 684J? yef;,ausmif;'g,umausmif;0wfajry,f 455J? ta&SUajrmufawmifocGwf v,fajrpGef;taemHodkU? xef[efjyifajranmifyifukef; taemHajrmHajrmif;qHkMuD; wdkuf? ajrpGef;ajr oajy2yif tjcm;vkyfajr aeajr qifpm;usufajr ay;cs oem;awmfrlonf/ 999ck waygif;väef; 6&ufaeU (7 February 1638) wrHefompnfvQyf wysuf'dkifrSL; jyeftrdefUawmf/ (wufA[dk 45194) 348 13 February 1638 ouú&mZf999ck (1637) omvGefrif;w&m;MuD;onf 'dkif;vrdkif;0if;awmfol&J 12wyf a&Tyef;yef0if;awmf 4rsufESm rm&bif 9oif;rSL; a&Txm;a&TavSmfum; (vufopfavSawmf) 4pif; rm&bif0ifol&Jaumif[efodrf;eD a&T'dkif;oif;rSL; atmufrm;oif;a&TaiGtwd oapö; tcGefawmf qifpG,fza,mif;yef;wdrfyef;yJ b@mvufeufMuD;udkif (udk,f&HMuD;) jrif;pkMuD; yef;&aoewftonf 6aoG;aomufEkyfpk 6pdkU 0ef;usifaoG;aomuf 14 wk&ifajymhawmhpajrmif vTwf½Hk; iSufawmfapmifhem&D 9pdkU vufraxmuftaqmifeD16 aoG;aomuf 'dkif;rSL; rm&bifoif;rSL; 9oif;oaygufrSL; a&SUawmfajy;0ef;usif aemufzGJUonf 40awmfuGrf;a&udkif oli,fawmfpk a&SUawmfajy; aemufawmfyg uRefawmfa[mif; xD;jzLawmfusdKif;awmfxrf; xrf;pifawmf a0gawmfa&SUjrif; 9pdkUaemufjrif; 9pdkU vuf0JrD;wdkufjrif; rdk;MudK;xm; (tpkaoG;aomuf) oefUpifawmf0if oD;awmfusD? awmfpk usdyfpk &mpk axmifpk 5 aoG;aomuf 9aoG; aoGmuf tpkpkudk odrf;í ouú&mZf 999ck waygif;väef; 12&uf t*FgaeU (13 February 1638) wGif iwufwl? i&efatmif? iwufacgif 'dkif;rSL; (0uf) vl;pm; ig;pif;½dkif;pm; &EÅyGMudK;wdkifwm orkwfay;cs ppfaMumonf/ e,fyHke,fwmESifh OD;a&wdkif toufaeYeH usm;MuD;usm;i,f rMuD;ri,fMudK;wdkif;wm orkwfay;csonfh 0if;awmf 4rsufESm tpkom; 0if;awmf aumif[efvSH&Snfudkif &Srf;0if 9 aoG; aoGmufteufu iyef;pH ionfvdkif iwonf iawmfvHk iaomMumwdkUESifh 6 aoG;aoGmufi,f 56 wudk,fvQif 5y,fus tdk; pMuD;t0ef; 32J usy,faygif; 352J awmifbufajrmifvS&Gm e,f 4&yfajrMuD;wdkifeufvkyf 150pm; ajr 150wmaygif; 589wm ta&SUtaemufawmifajrmufwm (ta&SUtvm; "[wf yifukef;txd? awmiftvm; iqk&v,fuefpiftiftjcm;? taemufxdefyif ukef;xdd? ajrmufudk vrf;rMuD; tjcm;y,faoewfowfí cspnfumv a&SU0if;vSH&Snfudkif &Srf;iyefonf) ta&SUudkvm;aomf iyef;vHk ipHyg tvnfawmfwdkU vlaygif; 4a,mufi,fom; 25 wudk,fvQif 5y,fustdk; pMuD;t0ef; 3y,f 2dESifh y,faygif; 175y,f? apm 349 13 February 1638 vSjrdKUe,f4&yftwGif; rdvS{wdkifeuf ta&SUuddkvm;aomf ukef;wef; ukuúdKyif tjcm;? awmifudkvm;aomf &Srf;jrif;ajrocGyfyifMuD;tjcm;? taemufudkvm;aomf 'dkif;ajr 500y,ftjcm;? 4if;e,f4&yftwGif; vkyfajr 75y,f pm;ajr 75 y,fcs xm;onfwmaygif; 529wm? 4if;aeU(13 February 1638)wGif awmifvSH&Snfudkif &Srf;ia&TvHk; ionfawmf ionf{ ionfeDonf wvQifwdkUESifhvlaygif; 54 wudk,fvQif 5y,fusudk vkyfajr 75y,f 12pk y,faygif; 152y,f 3d aMu;rHk a&T&Gmaxmif iqkjynfwdkifeuf ta&SUudkvm;aomf aESmyifMuD;v,fxd? awmifudk vm;aomfcif½dk;ukef;tjcm; iykvkyfonf v,fuefoif;xdajrmufvSnf;vrf; rjcm; y,faojyKí wmaygif; 894wmcsonfumv iwufwl i&efatmif iwufacgif 'dkif;rSL;wdkUcsxm;onf/ ouú&mZf 999ck wydkwGJvjynfhausmf 10&ufaeU (28 January 1638) wGif awmif0if;vSH&Snfudkif i&Srf;iygionf;vHk; ionfionf;pH ivnfwdkUESifh vlaygif; 40 tdk;pMuD;t0ef; 5y,fusi,f 3y,f 2dus vkyfajrpm;ajraeajryg 179y,f 3dwmaygif; 809wmESifh csxm;onf? oif;awmif tif;&GmavSMuD; wdkifeuf ta&SUudkvm;aomf twdrf,ifukef;xdtjcm;? awmifjrif;ajrpyf? taemufudkvm;aomf a&0ifajrmif;cdkuf? ajrmufudkvm;aomf ajrmif;qHk;oeyfyif xd? awmif0if;vSH&Snfudkif a&TvSHaxmifrdk;eJusdKif;½Hk;usdKif;onf rdk;jyJyg &Srf;okrf zrf; vl 54zGJU&if; vlwdkUwGif xyfjznfhoGif;onfhvlwdkUvkyfajraeajryg y,faygif; 179y,f 3dcsxm;onfh e,fyHkppfwrf;/ ouú&mZf 999ck wydkwGJvjynfhausmf 13&ufpaeaeU(31 January 1638) wGif (rdk;jAJ) usdKif;½Hk;usdKif;csdKif; Zif;r,fygvlpk? iaumfonf iawmfonf iusef qdkif; iyef; onfwdkUESifh vlaygif; 32vludk ajrmuf0if;vSH&Snfudkif &Srf;vlzGJU&if; 45wGif oGwfoGif;í jznfhay;onfs vl 12udk wudk,fvQif 2y,f 1dus i,fom; vkyfajryg t0Sef;tdk;pMuD;ygvl 12udk y,faygif;69y,f 2dus &GmyHktaemufawmif buf i 350 13 February 1638 ajrmufudkvma;omf a&0ifajrmif;MuD;xd? 4if;e,f4&yftwGif;s tay:0efvkyfajr pm;ajraeajry,faygif; 69y,f 2dus vkyfajrpm;ajraeajryg wmaygif; 259wm csxm;onf e,fyHkppfwrf;/ ouú&mZf 973ck (1611) taemufbufvGefrif;w&m;MuD;vufxuf 'dkif;vrdkif;0if;aumif[efol&J a&Tyef;yef 0if; 4rsufESmom;wdkUudk pDppfí OD;a& pm&if;zGJUjznfhoGif;onfh vlwdkUudk a&G;cs,foD;oefUí taemuf0if; trIxrf; zGJU&if; vl 175teuf vlaygif; rdk;eJ usdKif;½Hk; usdKif;csdKif;yg rdk;jyJyg vlwdkUudk a&G;aomf taemuf0if;rSL;xrf;iuonfvHk iuHMuD; i,miatmifwdkUESifh vlaygif;(50) wudk,fvQif 5y,fusy,faygif; 250EGm;rsm; iay:xGef;wdkifeuf wGif vSH&Snfudkif &Srf;tpkjznfhoGif;onf aemufvlwdkU vkyfajrpm;ajryg y,faygif; 250awmifbuf 4c½dkife,ftwGif; EGm;rsm; iay:xGef;wdkifeufwGif ta&SUudkvm;aomf a&0ifacsmif;xd? awmifudkvm;aomf Ekwfpkajrpyf? taemuf udkvm;aomf 'dkif;ajrpyf? ajrmufudkvm;aomf 0if;ol&J ivHk;wdkifeufajrpyf? y,faygif; 250 vkyfajrcsxm;onf/ taemuf0if;rSKxrf; vSH&Snfudkif Zif;r,f rsdKif;½Hk;usdKif;csdKif;yg vl iyef;tdkif ionfawmf iwm&J ionfaZmwdkUESifh vlaygif; zGJU&if; 150wGifxyfí jznfhoGif;onfh vl 25udk wudk,fvQif 5y,fus i,f 3y,f 2dus vkyfajrpm;ajraeajr ay;csonf/ e,f4&yftwGif; y,faygif; 150 Muufpdrf;ia&Twifwdkifeuf ta&SUudkvm;aomf iqk&vkyfajrpyftjcm;? awmifudkvm;aomf ol&Jajrpyf? taemufudkvm;aomf jrif;ajrpyf? ajrmufudkvm; aomf jrif;(ajrmif;) vufuoHkajrpyf? vkyfajrpmajrcsxm;onf 489wme,foHk; ppfwrf;ESifh eE´ysHcsDwdkU wdkif;wmcsxm;onf/ (ZrÁL'DyOD;aqmif;? rsuf 66-8) 351 21 February 1638 bkef;awmftvGefMuD;jrwfawmfrlvSaom toQifb0&Sif rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; trdefUawmf&Sdonf/ &wemyl& a&TjrdKUawmfMuD;ü txufbdk;avmif;awmf ab;avmif;awmf yk*Hjrif;pdkif; ppfudkif; yef;,tqufqufaom {u&mZfrif; jrwfvufxufawmfrsm;u 0if;qif? qif? jrif;? um? vTm;? ol&J? aumif[H? vTwfapvkif? ajymh? awmh? pajrmifom;wdkUrSm txufay;bGJUcs&if;731ck (1369) wdkufMuD;eef;&ef bGJUpnf;½Hk;&m rwdkifrSD? ayguúHjynf55quft0if aemf&xm? pkuúaw;? uspGmrif;wdkUvufxufawmfrsm;u [Hom0wDqifjzL&Sif? &mZrd&mZf? ordaE¨m&mr? Anm;Murf;awmwdkU [Hom0wD 32jrdKU 12pm; t0if jrdKUaus;&Gm e,fedrdwftwGif; wabmhacsmif;? uHEG,facsmif;? e*g;acsmif;? vHAsnfabmhacsmif;? awmiftif;rsm;rSm aMumhbrf;&í atmHjynfoif; pukoif; awmifiloif;odkU oGif;onf? &wem*D&d ewfjrwfMuufoa&? r,fZvDa&mif[if;&efUbl; r*FvmoD&d pD;awmf"eufyvmtwGif; qifrsm;udk 9oif;tpkom;wdkUu wvvQif wMudrfaq;a&rsufa 352 21 February 1638 onfhtwdkif; jrJpGJxrf;&Gufap/ ouú&mZf 999ck waygif;vjynfhausmf 5&ufaeU (21 February 1638) wrefompnfvQyfwysuf 'dkif;rSL;wdkUjyef trdefUawmf/ (wufA[dk 45194) 353 (31) March 1638 bkef;awmftvGefMuD;jrwfawmfrlvSaom toQifb0&Sif rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; trdefUawmf&Sdonf/ ouú&mZf 1000jynfh (1638) rnf? rZösdrwdkufoD&d"r®m aomurif;paom aomVowdkif;jynfMuD; 16jynfü ouú&mZf 1000jynfh(1638) aomf apwDwaxmifjyifvkyfí a&TxD;wifonf/ taeuZmwifí om"kac:onf/ qGrf;awmfauR;onf/ yd#uwfawmfqufonf? yOöif;awmf 1000cHonf? ausmif; bk&m;0wåKuHrdk0fajrrsm;udk xyfí vSLawmfrlonf/ ausmif;a[mif;? odrfa[mif;? p&yf? pqGHa[mif;rsm;udk0f aumif;rGHatmifjyifonf? odrfxyfí orkwfonf? OuifawmfbGifhonf t&mrsm;udk0f ab;awmfoD&d"r®maomurif;ü ynm&Sdwdk0f pD&ifonfrsm;udk [Hom0wDa&TwdkufawmfwGif pma[mif;&Sdonf? ouú&mZf 1000 jynfh uqHkvqef; 15&ufaeU (1638) 0domcgeu©wfudk0f&Snfí obifawmfpHk pí wD;rSKwfap? anmifa&awmfrSma&SU0if;? aemuf0if;? vuf,m0if;? vuf0J0if;? w&yfw&yfvQif 250pDvl1000jynfh? jrLwmtdk0f 1000jynfh? wrfcGefMuufvQm 1000jynfh? obifawmf? pnfawmfESifh apwDykxdk0f ½kyfxkawmfrsm;udk0f oGef;ap? ESif;bl;? zefbl;? a&TjrLwm? aiGjrLwm? a&Tuvyf? aiGuvyf? ylaZmfawmfyGJrsm;udk0f 0ifí ,lap/ jyrJjyí anmifa&awmfoGef;&rnf/ 0efwdk0fpD&if/ ouú&mZf 1000jynfh wul;v (qef; 13&ufaeU) (31 March 1638) em;cHajymhMuD;rSL; vTwfodk0fxkwfí jyefonfhtrdefUawmf/ (rsdK;Munfh 1944? wufA[dk 45235? *efUa*g tHhay) 354 3 April 1638 t,Hxlayg? &mZrPdplVm? wdXwH? wdXwk? 'g,au? prÁK'Dyg? pauwk"aZm? a*gwr orÁK'¨H? Asmu&PH? &mZmrPdplVm? &mZrPdtrnf&Sdaom/ t,Hxlayg? þpnf;cHkawmfonf/ wdXwH? MumjrifhpGm? wdXwk? wnfawmfrlí? 'g,au? 'g,umawmfum;/ oD&dok"r®m&mZm r[m"dywd anmif&rf;rif;w&m;om;awmftvwfjzpfaom a&T0 jrdK0fMuD;ü xD;eef;obifOuifawmfzGifhí pH&Tifawmfrlaomf ynmteE´"r®&mZm wnf;/ pauwlpaZm? rSefuif;[laom txGwfobG,f wHcGef[laom txGwfobG,fvnff; jzpfxaom/ prÁL'Dyg? prÁL'DyguRef;paom uRef;i,f 500 wdkUrSpí atmuftpDZd txufb0ufwdkifatmif ausmfapmfaom wefcdk;awmf&Sd\/ a*gwr orÁKa'¨m? xdk0fjrwfpGmbk&m;&Sif a*g"r®onf/ or®morÁK'¨o? jrwfpGm bk&m;tm;/ Asmu&PH? apwDawmfMuD;pGmwnfí omoem'g,umcHawmfrlonf? a&m*gOygwfr&Sd? tomt,mcE¨mawmfpJrnf? aemufurÇm&Snfvsm;aomtcg jznfhtyfaom yg&rDawmfOmPf&ifhvQif a*gwar,sbk&m; jzpfvwåHU[laom Asm'dwfudk0f &SiftmeE´mMum;awmfrlaom Asm'dwfawmf&t&Sifrif;w&m;wnf;/ teE´m&? b0gba0? tmEkbma0e? okcdawm? ok0PÖa*[? ygoma'g? &weorÜawå? e*&Oömyd? Ak'¨owåKOö? tbdaouH? twd&we? ewåd,H? ylZua&m? ta[mod/ teE´&b0gba0? twdkif;rodaom b0MuD;i,fusifvnfawmfrlorQwdk0fü/ tmEkbma0e? tmEkabmfwefcdk0fMuD;aomt&mvnf; ausmfapmxaom/ okcdawm 355 3 April 1638 udk,fawmf\ csrf;omcsif;pdwfawmf\ csrf;omcsif;jzifhvnf;aumif;/ ok0PÖ a*[ygoma'g&weorÜawå? a&Teef;a&Ttdrfa&Tjyó'fpaom &wemrsdK0fwdk0fjzifh jynfhpHkpGmxaom jrifhjrwfaom umvüom MudKufawmfrlxaom/ e*&OömydAk'¨ owåOötbdaouH? pHjrdK0fwnfjcif;jrdK0fMuD;wnfjcif; vu©PawmfjrwfESifh jynfhpHk awmfrljcif;/ a[mif;EGrf;ysdKysufaom apwDwdkUudk0f xyfí vkwfjcif;? a&TxD; wifjcif;? om"kEkarm'emac:jcif;? bdodufajrmufjcif;wdkUudk0f aqmifawmfrledkif aom t*Fgvu©Pmawmfvnf; &Sdxaom? t[d&wewå,HylZHua&m ta[mod? tvTefaomo'¨mw&m;ESifh jynfhpHkawmfrljcif;/ &wewå,H? &wemoHk;yg;wdkUudk0f/ ylZHua&m? zl;jrifjcif; ylaZmfjcif;wdkUonf/ ta[mod? twdkif;xuftvGef aqmifawmfrlaom 0g,mrESifh jynfhpHkthH/ yef;&bHkpHwk ausmif;awmfwGif ouú&mZf 1000jynfh uqkefvjynfhaeY (1638) eHeufwcsufwD;ausmf 4em&D2ywf 5ADZemudk0f ausmif;awmfwiftcgawmf&aMumif;udk0f ykPÖm;tZ*½ku oHawmfOD;wifonfhtwdkif; jrif;&xm;pD;awmfrlrnf/ a&SUa&TtwdjyD;aom MudK;4oG,fudk0feef;OD;jrif;? eef;xGif;jrif;? a&Tjynfjrif;awmfonfwdk0fudk0f tkyfxkyf pnfabmif;b,ufwHqmESifh0ifap/ aemufMudK0f4oG,frSm wefwm;OD;yef;&u a&TjrdK0fawmfaemufawmfyg aoewfwdkUudk MudK0fudkifívdkufap/ yef;yGwfwdkuf pdk0fpma&;wdkU0fESifh eef;uHauR;0efpma&;wdkUudk0f eef;wufylwurf;wGif wbufu y&dwf&nf y&dwfuef;wdk0fudk0f a&TjrLwmESifh? wbufrEÅmef&nf wa&mfuifyGef; &nfwdkUudk0f tdk0facsmpavmif;pHkESifh taemuf0efwdkU0fu pD&ifpk toefUawmfu vlpkudk0fxrf;ap/ a&T>ywf? aiG>ywf? a&Tbufusnf? aiGbufusnf? a&Tukwf? aiGukwf? pl;aqmufwHqmpHkESifh yef;yGwform;vuform;wdkU0fudk0fvdkufap/ xD;jzL8pif;? ,rm;4pif;? OD;aqmufyef;1? om;jrD;,yf8? &xm;awmfxufpdkufap? jrif;rSL;uwHqmESifh 4pD;uap/ a&TjrLwmudk0f ewf&Sifhjrif;awmfonfwdkUudk0f ydkufap/ aiGjrLwmudk rif;w&m;jrif;awmfonfwdkUudk ydkufap/ xGufawmfrlMuD; pD&if/ ouú&mZf 1000jynfhuqHkväef;2&ufaeU (3 April 1638) emcHpajrmifrSL; 356 3 April 1638 xkwfívTwfxGifjyHonfh trdefUawmf/ (rsdK;Munfh 1944? wufA[dk 45235) 357 3 April 1638 ouú&mZf 1000jynfh uqHkväef;2&uf3aeUwGif (3 April 1638) bkef;awmftvGef MuD;jrwfawmfrlvSaom toQifb0&Sif rif;w&m;MuD; jAJwdkufawmfodk0f xGufawmf rl&mwGif rdefUawmfrlonf/ tb,umrPdvnf; crnf;awmfbk&m;wGif twGif; axmifudk0frSL;ítwGif;xGifyifpD&ifjrJawmhonf/tyGwf?tnGwf?tvkyf? taqmif? MudK0f? csyf? ppf0wf? vkyfaqmifMunfh½I&onf/ 40? 50? tjrJtpGJudk0fvnf; pDppfaqmfavSmf&onf/ aemufvnf;xGif;oif;udk0frSL;jyH&í 'dkif;0eft&mudk0f ay;awmfrlonf/ crnf;awmfbk&m;wGif eD;uyfoHk;pGJawmfrlí crnf;awmfbk&m; vufxufawmfwGif tpD&ifawmfwnfh ajzmifhrwfaMumif; jynfrI&GmrI wlorQudk0f MuyfMuyfrdonf trIt&mESifh rdoolvla[mif;vl&if; awGUjrifooljzpfonf/ eE´a,mfwmonfvnf; jynfpm;&vQifyif jynfpm;xGif ysufpD;atmif txljrJonf ESifh tb,udk0f taMumif;jyKí aemifawmfrif;w&m; onftwGif;wGif apawmfrl í 0efopdkif; jyifvGifrSm apolyg;olwdk0fwGifaumif; raumif; trI&Sdaomfvnf; trI&SdorQudk0f rodaumif;avm? rjrifaumif;avm? rqdk0faumif;avm? ravQmuf aumif;avm[lí uGyfn§yfoGefoifawmfrlí appm; awmfrlonf/ twGif;wGif rif;rIjyifrSm 0if;rSmtrIwdkif; EdkifiHawmf ta0;rSm trI[lorQudk0f pD&ifawmfrl onf/ qdk0f&onf? ESdK;&onf? aqmf&onf? avQmuf &onf? trIESifhyif jynfu a&mufuwnf;uyif wem&DESpfem&DcefUrQ owdravsmh&/owdjyKí jrJ&onf/ rif;wdkU0f\t&m? rif;wdkU0f\tusifh vrf;½dk0fudk0f oGm;aomf? vdkufaomf? aemifawmfrif;w&m;0,f qif;&JcsdK0fcsH? tuGyftn§yf cH&í pGJ&í rif;{u&mZf trIwdkif; EdkifiHtrItwGif;om; jyifom; trIü iSufrQroef;&? rem;&atmif pD&ifawmfrlonf? trItaMumif;rsdK0fudk0f awGUawmhonf? t0g;0onf? em;vnf onf? tuRrf;0ifonf? trIowdESifh jzpfooljzpfonf? ighaemif awmfwGif qif;&JcsdK0fcsHavonfom? qif;&JusdK0f rcH&ygav? ighaemifawmfwGif tpD&ifawmftrIcyfodrf;?wdkif;pGefjynfem;[loí0,ftrIrsdK0f[lorQudk0f 0efopdkif; ar;jref;pl;prf;pDppfpD&ifEdkifaqmforQudk0fvnf; odawmhool jzpfonf? odkUonf vlaumif; vl&if;jzpf 358 3 April 1638 onf? igvufpGJawmfrlí MuD;Mu,fajrmufrsm; apatmifjyKpkawmfrlí cdkif;cefUawmfrlaomf cdkif;cefUawmfrlusdK0f&Sdrnf? apmif;wwfaom a,musfm;onf vufonf; apmif;ESifh rcspfbJ vufom;ESifhom wD;aomfvnf; apmif;udk0f tuRrf;0ifcsif;aMumifh tcsif;yDíomouJhodkU0f jzpfwwfonf[lí ig,HkrSwfawmf rlí olaumif;jyKawmfrlí 0efMuD; tcsKyft&mudk0f pD&ifaponf? 0efMuD;tcsKyf oabmonf tpdk;0ef&SdorQ t&Sif{u&mZfcefYxm; cdkif;y,favorQudk0f rtdyfrae& Edk;onf rysnf;raES;&atmifaqmfonf? pdwfravQmh& rarh&atmif vSHKUonf t&SifcefUawmfrlonf[lí pm;&atmif aomuf&atmif jyKavonf avm0f? jynfrIt&Sifrif;rI cdkif;cefUonfudk0f i,fom;ESifh toifhusifhí t&Sifrif; tpD;tyGm;udk 0Sufxdefavonfavm0f? jynfrIt&Sifrif;rI&Sdaomf b,folonf vQif &rnfxGifrnfoifhrnf[lí vl&nfvlcsif; pl;prf;csif;? acsmif;aemif odjrif atmif ar;cdkif;jcif;? olvQdK0fxm;csif;? toQifhuRefigodk0faom olt&Sifh0efo0dkif; &SdvQufudk0f b,folonf toQiftusdK0fawmfpdwfawmfESifh qefUusifbwfusifh &rnfvnf;rSwfjcif;? rif;{u&mZfudk jynfoljynfom;wdkUonf vcGJwvrQ avQmufvSJawHUjrif&onf jynfpdk0foeif;rif;wdkU0\ trI0efudk0f 0efopdkif; xrf;&Gufoolonf av;csufrwD;rDEdkifí wylrsufESmopfí acgif;bD;í yef;&eHUvdrf;í t0wftpm; vJvQif xrif;pm;onfESifh oHk;av;em&Dwkdif avonf? odkUvQif tdrfOD;odkU0f xGufí usyfuGrf;cGufvÇuftdk0fwnfvQuf oifjzL;cif;í jyLwHcg;0wGifaeí wdkif;EdkifiHawmfom; &[ef;&Sifvlolqif;&JwdkU\ aumif;raumif;aom tvJtqdkudk0fajr§mfvQuf tawGUcHonf? oHk;av;em&DxGuf jynfolvl&[ef;wdkif; EdkifiHawmfom; tvJtqdk0fudpöudk0fcHí tdrfwGifpD&ifrnfh trSKudk0fpD&ifcJhí wcsufwD;vQif vTwf½Hk;odkU0fwufí 0efbufpma&;wdkU0f r&SdvQif ac:ínDvQif rnfonfolodk0fvJqdk0fvSmonf? nDapOD;qdk0fayonf/ nDrSqdk0fvnfqdk0fayonf/ odk0fpD&ifayonf[lí vTwf½Hk;wGif wa,mufudk0f wa,mufwdkifMum;onf? tdrfwGif0efopdkif;jzpfuvÇufuGrf;yef; iSufajymopfoD; xrf;vQuf? orifeH? pdkifeH? opfoD;yef;rSefonf avSum;acsmrQ awmifhudk0f jzpfvQuf a&mufpjrJrnfoolodk0fqdk0f 359 3 April 1638 jyDavm0f? 0efbufwdkU0fvJqdk0fajcOD;? onfrQonfvufaqmifom "r®mwm? jrufopf&GufozG,fjzpfonfrSwfonf? ydwftkyfcgomtkyf? aMu;zvm;aiGzvm; a&Tzvm;jzifh? zJ? ydk0f? odk0f? uwdk0f ponfvufaqmifonf&aMumif;oifhí &onf? vGwfaMumif;oifhí vGwfonfudk0f vufaqmifay;½dk0f,l½dk0f? &aMumif; roifhonfudk0f&atmif vTwfaMumif; roifhonfudk0fvTwfatmif cif;ESD;ESifh vmonfudk0f olpum;udk0f emí ig,lxGufr&Sd? wkHUvdkuf\/ apmfbGm;apmfuef jrdKU0fMuD;jyMuD;pm; EdkifiHawmfxD;aqmif;rif;wdk0fuonfvnf; cif;ESD;vufaqmif MuD;aomfpmESifh pum;udk0f emMuOfí &apcsifí ay;onfudk0f aemufrS,lygrnf rvSyf? rif;wdk0fu jrdKU0fpGefpm;wdk0fu apmfbGm;wdkU0fuvnf; vJcif;r&Sd? t&Sif0ef [lí t&Sifuoufí ydwftkyfcgomtkyf ykqdk0faumif;0wfvHk w½kwfykqdk0f ,lonfvJcif;qdk0fcif;r&Sday;vdkuf\/ ESKwfaumif;cGef;omESifh 0wf&awmhrnf pD&ifawmhonfqdk0fvdkuf\/ vufaqmifwHkUwHvQifwHkUay\/ rwHkUavmufvQif vmvludk0fqefa&aopmpm;bG,fESifh wef½HkxGufpm;&\/ xGufawmfrlí oGm;rnf udk0f wufvSmvQif usef;omawmfrlonfudk0fMum;vQif 0rf;ajrmufonf bkef;MuD; vSaom bk&m;onf tm;vHk;pHkaomwdkif; EdkifiHawmfudk0f w&m;ojzifh 0ajymom ,mapjcif;? &efcdkuft&Suftwifr&Sdapjcif;? tvSLaumif;rIjyKjcif; EdkifiHawmf twGif; vlqdk0fvlysufaoaMuvdk0fí tysuftacsmfay:vQif ysm;pGJokwfokwf EdkifiHawmfom;wdk0fnDnGwfpGmtHkí trIxrf;jcif;? odk0fudk0fbkef;awmfMuD;vSaom bk&m;a&Tpdwfawmfonf&Sdawmfrlonf?onftwdkif; rif;wdkUusdKif;½HkapmfbGm; usdKif;wHkapmfbGm; rnfonfhapmfbGm; rnfonfhrif; rnfonfhocif rnfonfh Anm;rnfonfhjrdKUpm; rnfonfhtrSL;rif;wdkU avQmufyav? vJyav[k rSmqdkjcif;? rwwfEdkif? qif;&JoolvJvSmwufvSmooludk0fcsnf;í vJqdk0fonf? awmíawmpum;? acgif;tjrD;rod? qif;&Jom;rqdk0fwwfoludk0fpum;&dyfpum; awG;,lí qdkaomf odk0favmar;jref;pD&ifjcif;? rjyif;jcif;? ,if;odk0fonfrsm;onf rif;acgifrif;zsm;? rif;w&m;\ vufyg;eD;&if;? uRef&if;,HkcsHK? rSKukefxrf;&Guf? aqmifbufomrem? jynf&Gmapmifh 360 3 April 1638 xdef;? rk'def;&ef&Sm? rdpämaomufpm;? pD;yGm;ajymufajy? aumufaxGESvHk;? aygif;½Hk;&ef&Sm? rdpämolavmif? ray:atmifudk0f? pdk0faqmifaphiSg? 0efMuD;t&m[k? &mZmrif;aygif;? rif;zsm;avmif;wdk0f taMumif;,if;odk0f wdk0fudk0f0ef[k qdk0f\/ (rsdK;Munfh 1944? wufA[dk 45235) 361 4 April 1368 bkef;awmftvTefMuD;jrwfawmfrlvSaom toQifb0&Sif rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m;? trdefUawmf&Sdonf/ oHk;vltxGwf oAÁmnK jrwfpGmbk&m; a[mawmfrlaom w&m;awmfwGif tyg,fav;yg; rvm;aom owå0gwdk0fonf vl\tjzpfudk0f &cJonf/ bk&m;tjzpfudk0fvnf; &cJonf? omoemawmfwGif;üvnf; MuHKusdKuf cJonf? t&Sifa[maom w&m;awmfudk0fvnf; Mum;em&cJonf[lí &cJonf 4yg;wdkUudk0f a[mawmfrlonf/ igonf a&S;a&S;aom bk&m;&SifwdkU0fudk0fvnf; awGU&monf? a*gwrbk&m;&Sifvufxufawmfvnf; awGU&monf? tvSLay; &onfjzpfí urÇmay:puyif þoHvQufuRef;onf ausmfapmxif&Sm;pGmjzpfí {&m0wD&|uyÜXmeDjynfudk0f tpdk0f&aomrif; &Spfaomif;av;axmif? aumuúoef bk&m;jzpfawmfrrlrD 0½kPÖrif;vufxufyl&d'eE´jynfrif; woef;ajcmufodef;? aumuúoHbk&m; v¬ufumrm0p&jynfrif; wodef;ajcmufaomif;pHonf? aumuúoHbk&m; omoemawmftukef a*gP*kPfbk&m; jzpfawmfrrlcif omauwjynf? raem&r®mjynf? &r®m0wDjynf? "r®m0wDjynf? r[m&Xjynf? umrm0wDjynf? umodue0&jynf? oacFwjynf? ol&X'Dyjynf? or®mrdjynf [laom wdkif;MuD;jynfMuD; a&TxD;ueufuwefaqmufpdkufí rsm;pGmaom rif;{u&mZfwdkU0frif; jyKukefonf/ tbdodwfcHí rif;tjzpfü wnfukefonf? aemufaomumvwdkU0fü av;qlaom csifaohwdkU0fae&mZmr&Dom;jrwfwdkU0f ae&mq'´efqifrsdK0fwdkU0f ae&mudEé&m udEé&DwdkU0fae&m ½ku©pdk0f ewfrif;wdk0f ae&mjzpfaom t&monf teE´jzpfonf? a*gP*kPfbk&m;vufxufoky&EÅ wrÜa'ojynf? a*gP*kPfbk&m; omoemukefí omoemyaomtcg wm0wðomewfwdkU0fwvav;Mudef aysmfjrLaomuRef;? ewfjynfajcmufxyfrS ewftaygif;wdkU0f wvav;oDwif; Oyk'faqmufwnfaomuRef;? aZ,s0wDjynf? or®m"dujynf? "r®tmrdójynf? aZwk'Dyjynf? aZwke*&jynf? od*Fge*&jynf? or®m"dujynf? "r®tmrdójynf? aZwk'Dyjynf? aZwke*&jynf? od*Fge*&jynf? aumwkrÜ&jynf? okwdrem*&jynf? r[m&mrjynf? Owåre*&jynfwdk0fü xD;eef; ueufaqmufpdkufí &mZyv’if OuifpH&Tifonf? tbdodwfcHí rif;tjzpfodk0f a&mufukefonf? xdkodkUaom jrdKUrSpí rsm;pGmaom jynfaxmifwdkU0f 362 4 April 1638 onf wnfukef\/ uóybk&m;vufxuf Oóyjynfrnf\/ uóybk&m; omoemukefí yaomtcg uPÖduyl&jynf? r[momauwjynf? ok"r®mjynf? yg&m,ejynf? t,kZösjynf? {upu©Kjynf? y0&Xmejynf? aome'dEéjynf? a'[ukrÇjynf? a0a'[jynf? yOöme*&jynf? a0omrdwåjynf? OapöeDjynf? O*¾jynf? rv’mjynf[laom a&TxD;aqmif;jcif;? tbdodwfcHjcif; [laom rif;tjzpfodk0f a&mufukefaomrif;wdk0f pH&Tifukef\/ a*gwrbk&m; vufxuf wrÜ0wDjynfrSpí rsm;pGmaom tjynfjynfaxmifjzpfí a&TxD;aqmif;ukefaom wdkif;c½dkifEdkifiHESifhwuG &mZyv’ifOuifpH&Tifaom jynfaxmifomoemawmfwGif;ü ausmfapmpGmrif;ae &mZXmeD rif;aejynfMuD;onfum; &Spfaomif;av;axmif ESifESif wnfvwåHU? Asm'dwfawmf&jrdKU0fpnfyifaomf oa&acwå&m? y0&wD[laom yk*H? 0dZ,myl&[laom yef;,? oHo&yl&[laom waumif;jynf? aZ,yl& [laom ppfudkif;jynf? &wemyl&[laom tif;0jynfa&TjrdKU0fMuD;[laom igtoQif b0&Sifrif;w&m; pHawmfrlaom t&mjzpfonf/ a[mif;EGrf;aom apwDykxdk0f ausmif;? odrf? a&wGif;? a&uef? qnf? ajrmif;? owå0gtaygif;wdkU0f rSD&m jzpfaom t&mrsm;wdkUudk0f½Iomwifhw,f oyÜ,fpdefUaomiSg tkwf½dk0fxyfvkyfap/ oapö;teD[oFywm;okwfap/ a&Tqdkif;wdkUjzifh rGHrHap? a&TxD;wifap? rSefuif;pdkuf ap? onfbdk0fwufoufap? apwDykxdk0fawmfrsm;udk0f taeuZmxyfíwifap? obifcHap? qGrf;auR;ap? jyifvkyfjyKpkawmfrlonf/ odrfrsm;udk0fxyfí orkwfap? edrdwfausmufwdkifpdkufap? ausmufpmwdkifa[mif;EGrf;,dk0f,Gif;onf rsm;rSm pum;pyfpum;vSnfhpum;vSyfwdkUonf ausysufuGmorQrSm ausmufysm; wGif xyfí ausmufpmxdk0fapí pdkufaxmifap/ ausmufpmwdkif,def;orQrSm rwfatmifxyfí pdkufap? jyifvkyfonfhausmif;awmfrsm;rSm wHqdyfawmfxyfí vSL&rnf/ wHqdyfawmfvuf½dkufoHudk0f vkwfapjyD;vQif a0gbvmwGifwif? xD;jzLav;pif;tkyf&rnf?pnfawmfESifh ausmif;awmfa&muftyfvSLap? yd# uwfawmfudkvnf; a&TrGrf;rHap/ykqdk0f;aywGif oapö;tu©&m?yuwdaywGif rift 363 4 April 1638 u©&m? pmvHk;vGwf&ma&TZ0ga&;ap? unpftu©&ma&;ap? ayt*Fg&Spfaomif; av;axmifwdkufawmfodkU0foGif;ap/ rifpma&;unpfpma&; cefUjrJcefU/ yd#uwf awmfr wHqdyfawmf720?pmwnf;yd#uwfawmfr 30? pmMunfh yd#uwfawmfr 10 r[mjrwfrked&ifjyifawmfodkUwufap&rnf? yifh? qGrf;awmfrSm eHeufudk0frcefUESifh? aeUqGrf;udk0fae&mae 0efpk& jrdKU0f& &Gm&wdk0fu waeUvQif oydwfvHk;a& 60? qGrf;tbG,ft&m MuHiSufaysmtkef;oD; uGrf;vÇufa& waumif;>ywftdk;tpHk? tMuyftrESifh yd#uwfwdkufawmfodk0f a&mufap/ cefU/ r[m'gef0efpma&;? aoGmufMuD;wkdUudk0f tMuyftrcefU? yd#uwfpdk; pma&;cefU/ wdkufom;rsm;rSm tnmyg&Srf; 30wdkUudk0f apmifhap? cefU/ rifpma&;unpfpma&;wdk0fudk0f usD0efurSifpm pma&;wdkUrSm &du©mwvvQif pyg; 4F? qm;1? aya&;wdkUrSm &du©m pyg;wvvQif 2F? qm;1ay;ap/ 0efwdkU0fu pD&if/ ouú&mZf 1000jynfh uqHkvqef; 3&ufaeU (4 April 1638) em;cHajymh MuD;rSL;xkwfí vTwfwGifjyefonfh trdefUawmf/ (rsdK;Munfh 1944? wufA[dk 45235) 364 11 April 1638 bkef;awmf tvGefMuD;jrwfawmfrlvSaom toQifb0&Sif rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; trdefUawmf&Sdonf/ erEÅmjrpfem;wGif yxrpufawmf&m? rsufpnfawmifxdyfü 'kwd,pufawmf&m&SdaMumif;udk oHk;wefo*Fg,em0ifusrf;MuD;rsm;ü vmonf? ab;awmf owdk;rif;zsm;v¬ufrSpí bdk;awmfowdk;rif;apmwdkif xif&Sm;onf? trsm;&Sdcdk;ylaZmfa&mufonf/ owdk;rif;apmonf &wemyl&jrdKUrS cGmí tnmodkUa&mufonfESifh oHvsufuRef;onf av;ESpfig;ESpfawmjzpf&mwGif EdkifiH tvHk;yg;&Sm;uyfcdkrSD&m &[ef;&Sifvl wzsifwyg; &SdMuí ta&muftaygufr&Sd csHKydwfaygif;zHk;tkyfí &SdonfhtaMumif;ESifh awmifzDvmyk*¾dKvfausmf q&mawmf av;yg;wdkUu usrf;*efMunfhí yxrpufawmf&m 'kwd,pufawmf&m&Sd&m t&SmtazG tzl;tarQmf (rsdK;Munfh 1944? wufA[dk 45235? *efUa*gtHhay) 365 14 April 1638 bHkpHwkvTwfausmif;awmfwif xGufawmfrlrnfrSm? ygy"gwf? ol&pö"gwf tjrdwå"gwf? aumvD"gwf 4&yfaom aA'ifaMumif;wdkU0fjzifh cif;usif;í xGufpHawmfrlrnfrSm? igtoQifb0&Sif rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; aqGawmf&if;rsdK;awmf &if; oD&d"r®mrif;&JwdkUudk ar;í "gwfaeoifhatmif yHkpHESifh0efwdkUu,l&rnf/ jrif;&xm;awmf aemufqifawmfrsm;udk0f csnfxnfaomtcg pnf;pdrfqifayguf udk0f wyfwGif;utaemufudk0f OD;uif;xm;ícsnfap/ &Ja&mif[laom vludk0f qifpD;wifí cRef;pGJap/ wyfawmfjyifu&ef&Jqifrawmfudk0f taemufodkU0f OD;uif;xm;ícsnfap/ pnf;pdrfudk qifpD;wifí cRef;pGJap/ &J&efqifawmfyg;wGif ewfwlqifrudk0f taemufodkU0f OD;uif;xm;í csnfap/ oD[udk0f qifpD;wifí cRef;pGJap/ oufoH[laom qifaygufudk0f eef;Ekudk qifpD;wifí cRef;pGJap/ ppf0wfqHqmESifh vl22? tajrmuf22? aoéwf 22? av;22? um 22? vTm; 22? tvHzefa&mif[efpnf[efarmif;tpHk? pD;qif 11? jrif;11? 0d½kyu©ewf½kyfuJhodkU0f 0if;rSL;rSm ppf0wfwHqmESifh armufwdkwddyf rSefuif;&Gufpdkufí e*g;wHqmESifh aemufawmfuvdkufap/ a&SUawmfu OMoqifaygufudk0f ta&SUodkU0f OD;uif; xm;í csnfap/ eE´udk0fqifpD;wifí cRef;pGJap/ ewfawmfqifrudk0f ta&SUodk0f OD;uif;xm;ícsnfap/ atmifcdkifudk0f qifpD;wifí cRef;pgJap/ a&T&nf[laom qifrawmfudk0fjrwfbkef;udk0f OD;pD;apí cRef;udkifap/ jrJjrefqifaygufawmfudk0f xGef;wufudk0fOD;pD;apí cRef;udkifap/ ppf0wfwHqmESifh aumif[ef 12? tajrmuf 12? aoewf 12? av;12? vTm 12? tvHjzLpDqif 17? jrif; 17? 'wå&Xewfrif; oP²mef e*g;wHqmESifh a&SU0if;rSL;udk0f armufwdk0fxdyf rSefuif;&GufESifh ,wf"g; pGJí ol&J 125ESifh aemufawmfvdkufap/ vuf0Jawmfuvuf0J qifaygufawmfudk0f ajrmufodk0f OD;uif;xm;í csnfap/ oD[udk0fqifpD;wifí cRef;pGJap/ ausmfcJqif rawmfudk0f ajrmufodk0f OD;uifxm;í csnfap/ vuf0Judk0f qifpD;wifí cRef;pGJap/ nGefUpHqifrudk0foHomqifrESifh &Snfícsnfap/ ausmfacgifudk0f qifpD; wifí cRef;pGJap/ ausmfcJqifaygufudk0f vuf0JqifaygufESifh &Snfí csnfap/ pHnufudk0fqifpD; 366 14 April 1638 wifí cRef;pGJap/ tvH0gaqmifap? ppf0wfESifh aumif;[ef 16? tajrmuf 16? aoéwf 16? um 16? vTm; 16? qif 10? jrif; 10? uka0&ewfrif;uJhodkU0f bDvl;wHqmAGJUjzLESifh vuf0J0if;rSL;udk0f qifpD;apí armufwdk0fxdyfrSefuif;pdkufí vuf0Jawmfu ppf0wfwHqmol&J 120ESifhvdkufap? aumvD"gwfawmifpl;pl;ausmf acgifqifaygufudk0f jrwfbkef;udk0fqifpD;wifí cRef;pGJap/ rSefjyqifrudk0f ausmfacgifudk0f qifpD;wifí cRef;pGJap? atmifOD;qifrudk0f vuf,mudk0f qifpD; wifí cRef;pGJap/ tvHpdkufaxmifap? qifawmfOD;uif;awmifodk0fxm;í csnfap/ ppf0wfwHqmESifh aumif[ef'dkif;udkif vSHpGJ 30? tajrmuf 30? aoewf 30? av; 30? um 30? vTm 30? pD;qif7? jrif;7? 0d½kVuewfrif;uJhodk0f ewfwHqmESifh armufwdk0frSef uif;pdkufap? vusfm0if;rSL;udk0f wHqmqifí ppfonfol&J 120? tvHeDvma&mifESifh aemufawmfvdkufap? aemifawmfvdkufjrJ rif;nDeif;om; aoemywd? rl;rwfwdkUudk0f aygif;cRef? armuf½lwHqmESifhvdkufap? yef;qdk0f aygif;xkwf? yef;qkd0ft*sÐqif0wfap? oD&dokr[m&wem"d "r®mvuFm& wHqdyf awmfudk0fq&mawmfudk0f vSLawmfrlonf? vkyfap? ausmif;awmfrm&bif a&SUOuifawmf0wGif ta&SUuxm; &efausmufcHkESifh xD;jzLav;pif;? a&Tcs anmif&GufxD;vuf 36 wefU? a&TcsufwD; ½dk0f c½dkifxD;axmuf a&TtrTef;xnfh pD&ifí toifh&Sdap? ausmif;awmfa&SUwHaqmif;&if;wGif tkyfulESifh ausmufpm wdkifwGif bHkpHwkvTwf trnfarSmfuGef;trnf xkvkyfí pdkufap? ausmif;awmfwif om"kac:rnfrSm t&d,m oCFmawmfaxmifjynfha&TjrdKU0fawmfrS pí ppfudkif; wHwm; OD;yef;& ta0;jrdK0f&Gm wHqdyfawmf& yd#uwfpmwnf; pmMunfhwdkUudk0f yifhap? tvSLawmfrSm cgomouFef;pHk? &[ef;wdkU0fESifh avsmfaomaumfapmxD;MuD; w&ywf qifpG,fcGuftkyf qifpG,fwyfaq;MuKwfaqmif&ef ouúvwfeD rGrf;oifjzL; qGrf;[if; tbG,ft&m cJzG,fpm;zG,f uGrf;,if vufbufxkwf vufokwfy0g omvltkyfs vÇufacsmif; iSufajym tkef;oD; Muhqpf oCFmawmfaph tvSLawmf&mefrsm;udk0f 0efwdkU0f 367 14 April 1638 pD&if/ ouú&mZf 1000jynfh uqHkvqef; 13&ufaeU (14 April 1638) em;cHajymhMuD;rSL;xkwfí vTwfwGifjyefonfh trdefUawmf/ (rsdK;Munfh 1944? wufA[dk 45235) 368 22 April 1638 bkef;awmftvGefMuD;jrwfawmfrlvSaom toQifb0&Sif rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; trdefUawmf&Sdonf? yd#uwfawmfa&;rSm qifpG,faycsyfwaomif;&Spfcsyf? a&Tom; aywaomif;&Spfcsyf? aiGom; aywaomif;&Spfcsyf? twGif;awmfu pD&ifonf? vTwfuyd#uwfwdkufodk0f ydkUay;ap? yd#uwfwdkufodk0f wufawmfrlrnfh yd#uwf pmr? pmwnf;? pmMunfhq&mawmf? oCFmawmfwdk0fudk0f v0wfqGrf;qef wHqdyf& udk0fqef 5F? ig;? ig;yd? qm;? qD? ig;odkif; 1ydómpD? yd#uwfpmr pmwnf; pmMunfhoCFmawmfwdk0frSm qef 1F? ig;? ig;yd? qm;? qD? ig;odkif;usyf 50pD vSLap? usD0efwdkudk0f ac:í qdk0f? auRy*H[if;aomufESifh ousm;? pm;y*H ysyfESifh pGHyvGH? opfaomhoD;? opfusm;oD;? w½kwfwnfoD;? Zm'dyæsd? av;n§if;? toD;tyGifh? eHUomjzL 10pD vSLapawmfrlonf. yd#uwfawmfwdkufodk0f wufap&rnfh q&mawmf yd#uwf pmr pmwnf; pmMunfhwdkUudk aeUqGrf;jyifonf tzG,ft&mrpHk? raumif;? rSdKwufonf t&mrsm;ygaMumif;udk a&TeawmfMum; awmfrlonf? 0efwdku rMunfhr½Iapavm0f? 4FwdkUudk vTwfwGifaeapí tMunfht½I tpDt&if cefUawmfrlonf/ eifwdkUu tppftaMum tMunfht,l rcefUaomaMumifh raumif;onfudk0f a&TeawmfMum; &onf/ qGrf;udk oydwfjynfhjyifap? 0ufom; wpfudk tausmf? eH½dk;ausmf? 0ufom;ausmfcsuf? 0ufom;pdrf;aygif;csdef 50d? Muufaygif; 50d? ig;ausmf aygif; 50d? ig;pdrf;aygif; 50d? ig;aumifausmf 50d? ig;wpfausmf 50d? vufokwf 3rnf? oewf 3rnf? c&rf;oD;ausmf? vdyfO? ykZGefxkwf? pm;rJyGJawmfudk0f vSatmif jyifap/ ,dk 3rnf? ousm; rHkU 3rnf? xef;vsuf rHkU 3rnf? aygufqkwf? ovSLxkwf? nmw&m? a&Txrif;? rHkUvHk;? uRJonf;? yJrHkU? ywl? tcsdKyGJawmfudk0f vSatmifjyifap/ MuHpnf? uGrf;? vÇuf? aq;? iSufaysmfoD;? tkef;qD? oD;>yrf;tdk0f? waumif;a&jynfh igtvSLawmf&efrsm;udk0f eHufwcsufwD;udk twGif;awmfodk0f oGif;íjyap/ jyjyD;rS r[mjrwfrkPd yd#uwfawmfwdkufodk0f tMuyftrESifhydk0fap/ r[m'gef0efpma&; wdkU0fu pm&if;,lap&rnf? cefUjyD;vQif 0efwdkUu pHkaphatmif pmcRefay;tyfí pD&if&rnf/ t 369 22 April 1638 MuyftrcefUxm;í ydk0fvSLap/ ouú&mZf 1000jynfhuqkefvjynfhausmf 6&ufaeU (22 April 1638) em;cHpajrmifrSL; xkwfí vTwfwGifjyefonfh trdefUawmf/ (rsdK;Munfh 1944? a&S;a[mif;okawoDe½Hk; 4287) 370 8 May 1638 bkef;awmftvGefMuD;jrwfawmfrlvSaom toQifb0&Sif rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; trdefUawmf&Sdonf/ nDawmfrif;&JausmfpGmudk0f tdrfpMum4yGifh? trTrf;csifydwf? tajymufxk? wk&ifjymwyf? teD0if;? jrif;uyftxufuGyfjypfpD? ywfvnf aumif[Hwef;ESifh apmifhaeap/ uif;wm;jrif; 4pk? vuf0J&mZaoGmuf? eE´oD[ aoGmuf? vuf,m&JolaoGmuf? vuf,mumrPdaoGmuf? qifawmfonf odcF&JolaoGmHwdkudk0f tyf&rnf/ avSmfum;pifvHk;iSufjynfh? cifw&if teDwpk a&TESpfpk? trdk;eDwGif a&TMumESpfyGifh? Mum½dk0fMum&GufZ0ga&;? trGrf;taysmufxk? [if;&efbl;? rsufESmMummum,yf? atmif;jzL 5yGifh? aiGusdKyf?a&Tuawmh? wufra&Tydef;? avSmfum; wufcsifyka&T? t&GufeD? avSmfvl aAgif;cRef;? avSmfum; OD;yJhvkifwdkif? aMu;pnfwdkif? avSmfum; rsufaph ESpfbufwyfí pD;ap/ a0gMuD;? usdKif;a&Tcsuf 4? xm;vdkuf? pm;awmfuGrf;a&udkif? taqmifeDqifayguf 5pD;? ,nfom 5pD;? a&T'dkif; 10? a&T"g; 10? a&TvSH10? a&TvTm; 10? ukvm;ysdK0f aoGmuf 10? pnfeD 5vHk;? aiGESJ? aiGc&m;? yHkomoem; awmfrlonf? ac:í vTwfwGifjyef/ ouú&mZf 1000jynfh e,kefvqef; 7&ufaeU (8 May 1638) em;cHawmfpajrmifrSL; vTwfwGifjyefonfh trdefUawmf/ (rsdK;Munfh 1944) 371 16 May 1638 teE´"Zq&mawmf? t&d,mvuFm&q&mawmf? wdavmumvuFm&q&mawmf? oD&dok"r®&mZ*k½k awmifbDvmq&mawmfwdkU pkefoGm;í pukjrdKUt0if rif;bl;qdyfwGif avSqdkuf\/ [dr0EÅmodkU0f 0ifawmfrlukefonf/ r&Sufabmodk a&mufí opfyifMuD;ü pcef;csawmfrlonf/ xdkaeUnOfhüvnf; q&mawmf 4yg; oCFmawmf wusdwf 2yg;? aygif;wusdwfacsmufyg;wdk0fonf y&dwf&Gwfonf/ oifawmfrlukefaom usrf;taygif;wdkUudk a[monf/ twefi,f usdef;awmfrlMu onf/ rdk0faomuf 3csufwD;ausmf 5armif;cefUwGif awmifbDvm q&mawmf jrifrufonf/ acG;eufMuD; wckudkMudK;xnfhí vlwa&mufvSHuefudkifvsuf q&mawmf a&SUa&mufvSmonf/ bkef;MuD;wdkUvmonf awmtkyfMuD;pG? csifaoh? opf? usm;? a>r? zm;? uif;? oif;rsm;onf/ xdcdkufvQif tEÅ&m,fjzpfrnfudk rodavm0f/ tb,faMumifh onfawmtkyfodkU vmukefonfenf; ar;&mwGif 'g,umigwdk0fonf a*gwrbk&m;&Sif ynufawmfESifh odrftjyifü ur®0gwifí igwdkUudk q&mOyZösm,fa&SU ur®0gq&mwdk0fbwfí yOöif;tjzpfudk ay;onf/ um&uoCFm 21 tjynfhtpHk yOöif;cHonf/ igwdkUq&mbk&m;ocif 80gajrmufü oHokrm&*D&djynfu erEÅem;odk0f a&mufawmfrl&mwGif erEÅme*g; awmif;yefaom aMumifh yHkawmifESifhtwl t&Htwm;w&mh&SpfuGufpufawmfudkxifapownf;/ "dXmefawmfrlí ausmufzsmtjyifxuf eif;vQif vufav;opfxk jzpfí ajcawmf&mxif&onf/ xdkajcawmf&mudk0f awmif;yefaome*g;onf omoem awmf 5000wdkifatmif apmifha&Smuf&onf/ rsufonf;awmifxdyfüvnf; opöm rSefvSaom &[EÅm awmif;yef&mwGif csawmfrlonf/ 'kwd&ajcawmf&m &SdaMumif; udk0f &wemyl&jrdKU0fwnf yXrrif;uonf 19qufwdkif xif&Sm;í tmEkabmfwdwfqdwfonfrsm;udk0f usrf;*efvmonfjzpfí igwdkUbk&m;ocif pufawmf&mudk0f &SmrnfvmMuonf[kajymvQif igacG;eufMuD;0ifaom awmvrf;udk0f vdkufMuukef? pufawmf&mudk awGUvdrfhrnf[lí pum;ajympnf Edk0f;awmfrl\/ q&mawmf3yg;wdkU0fESifh oCFmawmfwdkU0fudk0f tdyfrufawmfrlonfht 372 16 May 1638 wdkif;jyef&mwGif q&mawmfwdkUu uóybk&m;omoemawmf ,dk,Gif;rnfudk olZHhywdwdkUodí 0dokMuHKewfom;udk acG;eufMuD;jyKapí oHMudK;wnfhrS oMum;rif;rlqdk0f ta&mifjyKí jrdK0fudk oHk;ywfvnfjyD;rS jA[®"wfrif; avomywif;odkU0f vufESpfbufudkwifapí rdk;MudK;oHuJhodkU0faom rsm;pGmaom toHudk jyKapí usrf;*efvmonf/ nDawmfwdkU igwdkUudkvnf; olZHywdonf acG;eufMuD;o@mefzefqif;í &iftyfrjy? tdyfrufomjyonf/ xdk0folqdk0fwdkif; rdk0f;aomufvQif acG;eufMuD;awmodk0f 0ifonfudk jrifajcuxdk0fawmtkyfwGifyif bk&m;ocifpufawmf&m&Sd\ ,l&rnfqdkukef\/ aewufvQif qGrf;bkef;ay;í awmtkyfodkU 0ifawmfrl\/ acG;eufwckonf vrf;auGUodkU0fa&SU½Ií pdkufpdkuf rwfrwf rxDav;pm;vSrf;umrQjzifh oGm;í awmtkyfodkU0f0if\/ q&mawmfwdkUonf acG;euf0ifaom awmodkU0if\/o&u©ef? eHUom? aumfoZif? yef;eHUvSdKifí usdKifpGmarT;\/ acG;vnf;xdkwGifajymufav\/ q&mawmfwdkUvnf; a&½dk0f&Sdaom jrpfwbufodkU0f ul;&mwGif bDvl;wa,muf xdkifvQufawGU\/ bkef;MuD;? bZmtvdk0fiSgvmoenf;[k ar;\/ a&S;enf;qdk ukef\/ bDvl;vnf; vufn§dK;nTefí þum;bk&m;ocifajcawmf&mwnf;[k jy\/ q&mawmfwdkU0fvnf; 0wfjznfhukef\/ a&mifawmfacsmufoG,f wjydKifeuf vTwfawmfrl\/ a&mifawmfpJrS bDvl;uþum; yxrpufawmf&m igawmif;yef íjyonf/ txufrSm'kwd,pufawmf&m&Sd\/ awmifodkUwufukefavmh/ wdkufwGef;\/ awmifxdyfodkU a&mufvQif pufawmf&mu xef;vHk;cefU ta&mif xGufí awmifajc&if;odkU0if\/ a&Twdkifpdkufaom t&muJhodkU0f&Sd\/ q&mawmf wdkUvnf; &Sdcdk;ylaZmfukef\/ xdk0faeUnawmifbDvmyk*¾dKvfausmf yXmef;ESpfq,fav;ypönf;udk0f tukef a[m\/ awmpdk;awmifapmifhewfvmí em\/ aemufaomwmyef ewfvm\/ tokenf;ar;aomf igaomwmyefqdk0f\/ aomwmyefewfbk&m;ocifudk0frD\ avm[kar;\/ rDaMumif;udkqdk0f\/ iga[maomyXmef;w&m;awmfonf bk&m;ocifa[mawmfrlaomw&m;awmfESifh 373 16 May 1638 tu©&m0kwånD\avm[kar;\/ bk&m;ocifa[mawmfrlaom w&m;awmfESifh axmufaomf ykwfeHvSpGmaom ig;ydudk0f q,fxyfzufjzifhxkwfvQif tay:qHk; bufwGif eHaomteHUESifh wl\[kqdk0f\/ awmifbDvmq&mawmfuvnf; [,fuRefom;ewf? eifaomwmyefqdk0fonf? aomwmyefpum;rxGuf? bk&m;&Sif omoemawmfw0ufrQrvJao;onfudk0f rkom0g'aqmifonf/ iga[maom yXmef;w&m;awmfonf tu©&m0kwåd t,dkt,Gif;r&Sd rSef\/ ,dk0fyacsvQif igOau©mif;udk pufa&mufapownf; rdefUawmfrl&mwGifrS aomwmyefewfu igaomwmyefrSef\/ bkef;MuD;a[maom w&m;onf bk&m;ocifa[mawmf rlaom w&m;awmfESifh tu©&m0kwådwl\/ bkef;MuD;tm; 0d&d,udkwufapjcif;iSg igqdk0fonf? bk&m;qkudk jznfhtHhonf[lí qdk0fjyD;vQif uG,fav\/ rdk0faomufvQif ewfwdk0ffqGrf;vSLí bkef;ay;&\/ xdk0fawmrSxGufvQif yxrpufawmf&modk0f0ifí &Sdcdk0f&mwGif tHoudkufudkjzefUí igonf bk&m;rcRwf jzpftHh/ þouFef;wGif 108uGufpufawmfxifapownf;[lí "dXmef>rufqdk0f jyD;vQif pufawmf&mudk vTrf;\/ ,líMunfhvQif 108uGufpufvu©PmESifhwuG MudK;MumiSuf½kyfukef;íx\/ xdk0ft&mudk0f bwfawmfrlaomfum; igbk&m;rcRwf jzpftHh/ MudK0fMumiSufukef;í jyonftvdkum; usdK0favOD;? MumacsOD;rnfqdk0f vdk0fonf/ bwfjyD;vQif pufawmf&mudk csnfjzifhuGif;í ,lcJhrS tpnftwdkif; vmí t0a&Teef;awmfodkU a&mufawmfrlukef\/s tvHk;pHkudk b0&Sif rif;w&m; MuD;tm; rdefUawmfrl\/ b0&Sifrif;w&m;MuD;vnf; ,Hkawmfrlaomt&mudk rjyefae&mwGif pufawmf&mcsnnfuGif;udk eef;awmfwGif ydwefusufí q&mawmfwdkU 0wfjznfhí r[merum&&Sdcdk0fudk0f &GufawmfrlMu&mwGif ndK0faoma&mifcsnfawmfudk vTwfí weef;vHk;rdkuf\/ a&Taoma&mifjcnfawmf? jzLaom a&mifjcnfawmf? eDaoma&mif jcnfawmfwdkUudk0f vTwf&mwGifrS b0&Sifrif;w&m;MuD;onf a&Taygufayguf aiGaygufaygufwdkU0fjzifh ylaZmfí OD;wdkuf 374 16 May 1638 awmfrljyD;rS a&TMuKwfaiGMuKwfüoGif;í udk;uG,fawmfrl\/ t&yf&yfjrdKU&Gm apmfbGm;jrdKU0fpm;wyfaygif;pm;wdkU0fudk csnfuGif;wdkif;í ydkU&\/ odkUvQif q&mawmfwdk0f aqmif,lcJhaom pufawmf&m csnfuGif;udk0f qdk0f&mqdkaMumif; pum;jyD;\/ ouú&mZf 1000jynfh e,Hkväef; 15&ufaeU (16 May 1638) eef;awmf odk0fa&muf\/ (rsdK;Munfh 1944? wufA[dk 45235) 375 8 June 1638 bkef;awmftvGefMuD;jrwfawmfrlvSaom toQifb0&Sifrif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; trdefUawmf&Sdonf/ a&TjrdK0fawmfrSpí wefwm;OD;yef;&wk&ifajc ppfudkif;aumif;rI awmfrsm;rSm owif;oHk;aeawmfrlukefaom t&d,moCFmawmfwdkUwGif *dkPf;oD; ae{uyk*¾vausmif;aewdk0fonf uHtavsmuf b0ajymif;onf rsm;rSm igtoQif b0&Sifrif;w&m;MuD; bk&m;onf omoem'g,umawmf jzpfonf jyOfrdjynfb t&ma&mufonf a&TxD;a&Teef;udk0fpdk0ftkyfawmfrlonfh t&mvnf; jrdKU0fae jynfom; &[ef;ykPÖm;qdk0f½dk0fpum;rsm;wGif yg0ifaom &[ef;aomf vnf;aumif;? ykPÖm;aomfvnf;aumif; yOöoDowif; ruif;aom o'¨r®yl&do wdkUaomfvnf;aumif;? oZD0uonf edZd0uodk0f b0ajymif;olwdkUudk0f avQmuf *dkPf;oCFmyk*¾dKvf jyefawmfrlvQif tvSLawmf cgom 2? zsif 10? omvl 3? vÇuf acsmif; 6? {uyk*¾vjyefawmfrlvQif tvSLawmfcgom1? zsif 5? omvl 2? vÇufacsmif; 4? ykPÖm;vGefvQif zsif 6? omvl 2? vÇufacsmif; 2? o'¨r® yl&dowdkUvGefvQif zsif 4? omvl 2? vÇufacsmif; 2? aMu; 10? oj*dK[fawmfudk jrdK0f0ef? axmifrSL;? jrdK0fpm;a&;wdkUu qdkif&mwdkufawmfuxkwfí oj*dK[f r*fvmawmfMuD; pD&if&modk0f a&mufatmif tulawmfulap/ 0efwdkUpD&if/ ouú&mZf 1000jynfh 0gqdk0fväef; 9&ufaeU (8 June 1638) emcHajymhMuD; rSL;xkwfí vTwfwGifjyefonfh trdefUawmf/ (rsdK;Munfh 1944? wufA[dk 45235) 376 10 June 1638 bkef;awmf tvGefMuD;jrwfawmfrlvSaom toQifb0&Sif rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; trdefUawmf&Sdonf/ jrdKUwGif; a&Tpnf;cHkrSm 0gwGif;0gy rqdkwvvQif owif;MuD; vjynfhvuG,fudk oufawmfMuD;oHCmw&m&Spfyg; yifhí qGrf;awmfauR;&rnf/ wHqdyfawmf& yd#uwfawmf pmr pmwnf; pmMunfh r[dE´"Zo'¨r® 'Dygu& nmaPwd awrdt&n0goD? yda@v? a&SUy&uúr? aemufy&uúr? acsmufroufawmfMuD;rsm;udk yifhavQmuf&rnf? qGrf;tbG,ft&mrsm;rSm usD0efuqGrf;? w&m;olMuD;wdkUucJbG,fpm;bG,f? aZw&mZduuGrf;? vÇuf? aq;? uGrf;OD;aumufwdkUu qGrf;[if; pD&ifapí a&Tpnf;cHk&ifjyifawmfodk tMuyftr cefUxm;í ydkUap&rnf/ 0efwdkUpD&if/ ouú&mZf 1000jynfh 0gqdkvqef; 11&ufaeY (10 June 1638) trdefUawmf/ (rsdK;Munfh 1944? wufA[dk 45235) 377 10 June 1638 ouú&mZf 1000jynfh 0gqdkvqef; 11&uf1aeY (10 June 1638) jAJwdkufawmf odk0f xGufawmfrl&mwGif rif;&JausmfpGmu uRefpm&if; tus,fay;vSmonfudk0f pm&if;aMumif;ESifhtuG rif;w&m;uRefawmfrrsdK0f? uRHawmfrsdK0fESifh rif;&JausmfpGm uRHawmfrsdK0fESifh oifhusí om;ajr;jrifí t&Suftwifudk0f tpD&ifawmfcHaomf aemifrsdK0fESifh oifhusí om;ajr;jrifí t&Suftwifukd0f tpD&ifawmfcHaomf aemifawmfrif;w&m;vufxufawmfu a&S;oifhonfr,m;wdkUom;ajr;rsm;onf rdr®yga,musfm;yg pm&if;rSwfap/ a&S;oifhavjyD;onfjyifudkrlum; rif;nD rif;om;aus;uRHESifh rif;w&m;uRHawmfrESifh roifhraeESifh[lí bkef;awmfMuD;vS onfh b0&Sifrif;w&m; trdefUawmf&Sdonf/ (rsdK;Munfh 1944? wufA[dk 45235) 378 21 June 1638 bkef;awmftvGefMuD;jrwfawmfrlvSaom toQifb0&Sif rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; trdefUawmf&Sdonf/ tcGefawmfquf a&TMuifoapö;? y,if;? ausmH? oH? b@m tcGefawmfquf 5pdkUom;wdkUonf? toufarG;&atmif? a 379 21 June 1638 ydkif tEdkifawmif;cHí ajy;ykef;a&SmifvTJaevQif tcGefawmftoHk;awmf ysufpD;rnf jzpfonf? tcGefawmfqufo&atmif a&T? oapö;? oH? y,if;? ausmHrsm;usifvkyf onfudk olMuD;ajrwdkif;aMu;pm; &Gmpm;wdkUu rqD;rwm;ESifh? usifvkyfap? a&T? oapö;? oH? y,if;? ausmuf? tcGefawmfqufwdkUonf ig\a&Teef;awmfatmuf a&Teef;awmfwdkifwGif a&T? oapö;&Sdonf? oH? y,if;? ausmH &SdonfqdkvQif Muifvkyfxdk;csufap? a&T? oapö;? oH? y,if;? ausmH tcGefawmfom;wdkUonf vGifhyg;í tjcm;tpkrSm pm&if;oGif;avonf/ tjcm;tpkrSm pm&if;qufoGif; r&SdapESifh/ a (rsdK;Munfh yk-604? wufA[dk 45235) 380 (30)s June 1638 bkef;awmftvGefMuD;jrwfawmfrlvSaom toQifb0&Sif rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; trdefUawmf&Sdonf/wHqdyfawmf&q&mawmf yd#uwfawmf pmr pmwnf; pmMunfh q&mawmfwdkUrSm ESpfopfwufa&Tpnf;cHk&ifjyifawmfrSm a&aq; tcsdKprJ tvSLawmf oMuDusoaeUwufí tvSLawmfcH&onf/ MuyfoaeU jymó'fawmf rSm qGrf;bkef;ay;&onf/ wufoaeU taemuftwGif;awmfrSm bkef;ay;&onf/ 0gqdkvjynfhaeYuonf owif;uRwfvjynfhaeUwdkif 0if;awmfav;&yfrSm qGrf;bkef;ay;&onf/ onfhjyif txl;yifhavQmufvQif twGif;awmfodkU0ifí bkef;ay;&onf/ a&TjrdKUawmf ywfvnfwefwm;OD;yef;&ppfudkif;rsm;rSm {uyk*¾wdkU owif;oHk;aeawmfrlukefonf/ wESpfvnfí eef;awmfuwMudrfwcgrS tyifhtac: ravQmufí t&d,moHCmawmfwdkUra&muf&Sdonf/ oufawmfMuD; 80udk ajreef;awmfodkU 0if&rnf/ yifhonfhjyif oHCmawmfwdkUudk vTwfodkU (rsdK;Munfh 1944? wufA[dk 45235) 381 9 July 1638 bkef;awmftvGefMuD;jrwfawmfrlvSaom toQifb0&Sif rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; trdefUawmf&Sdonf/ ta&SU0if;ojyKavSmfum;? jAJwa&mfavSmfum;? yJul;EdkifiHavSmf um;? bkef;awmfEdkifiHavSmfum;? aemuf0if;vufa&G;MuD;avSmfum;? vufopfrif; w&m;pufMuD;? yGJwdkif;ausmf? vuf0J0if;jynfvHk;tHh/ jynfvHk;ausmf? aumifrppf avS? vuf,m0if;&efEdkifjynfvHk;,l? om&Adrmefom&uraumf? tDuif;? ol&JwkvTwf? ppfvsif? Zif;r,ftif;r? awmifiltif;rrSpí 0if;awmfavSmfum; tpkpk? 'dkif;pk? 0if;pk? udk,f&H? a&TvSH? a&Tav;? aoewf? tajrmuf? aumif[ef wdkUESifh vuf0Jjrif;? avS? vuf,mjrif;? avS? pm0wDavS? tajrmufwif a&Tavmif;MuD;? u&0dwfabmif? wdk;abmif? ZD00dk0fabmif? a&T[oFmabmif? od*Fgedwfabmif? ZmeDabmif? yOö½lyabmif? owå½lyabmif? 'o½lyabmif? puú0ufabmif? rif;rdbk&m;pD; rdausmif;abmifrsm;ESifh avSmfum;awmf? abmifawmf? avSawmfrsm;rSm &Sd&if;vlwpif;vQif 40ausmf 50omom &Sdonf/ Edkifeif;atmifr&Sd/ ,dk;',m;? weoFm&D? [Hom0wD? ukodrf? rkwår uygonfh vlpkwdkUrSm OD;a& 100pD? avSrSL;? ppfuGyf? OD;xkdyf? yJUeif;? axmifuJ? t0ef;? i,fom;? tpHkjznfhawmfrlonf/ avSavSmfOD;xdk0f? yJheif;rwwfolwdkUudk0f xyfí wwfatmif rjywfvHkUvjyKí oifap/ t&yf&yf&SdjrdKU&Gmwdkuf0if;rsm;rSmvnf; rSwfpmawmf0ifvlpkwdkUwGif arG;jrif onfh rdr®wdkUudk0fpcsD? pjrif? uvH? oHjyif? ajrwdkif;? ajrxdef;wdkU0frSm tonfrjzpfap&rnf/ vTwfuac:í pm&if;OD;a&udktyf/ taemuf0efpD&ifpk tpk 40rSmvnf; wpkudk t&yf&yfjrdK0f&Gmuygonfh a,musfm; 100? rdef;r 100pDtyf&rnf/ usD0efpD&ifeufrSmvnf; tpkom;wdkUudk0f rtyfom; axmifcsifusDewf0ifrsm;rSm xkd0fxdk0faomjrdK0f&GmwdkUü axmifcsif usDom; ewf0ifwdkU0f tpnftEG,fudkppfí tyf&rnf/ vufraxmifrSL;wdkUrSmvnf; xD;aqmif;eef;aejrdKUEdkifiHuygonfh vufr a&Smif axmiftmPm vufr&GHUoHk;wef;om;wyfaumif[efwdkUutxufyg 382 9 July 1638 &if; pm&if;twdkif; a&wGufí wpkvQif 100pDjrdKUwHcg; 9&yfrSmvnf; xD;aqmif;eef;aejrdK0fwHcg;om;wdkUESifh t0ef;i,fom; wHcg; 1vQif OD;a& 100pD tyf&rnf/ a&SUwHcg;eD? aemufwHcg;eD? eef;jrdKU0fa&SUvuf0Jvuf,m 5&yfwHcg; awmfrsm;rSm ae 19 jynfaxmif? Zif;r,fusdKif;onfuygonfh vlpkwdkUudk0f t0ef; 1ESifh vlOD;a& 100pD tyf&rnf/ jrdKUaxmifhjyMuD; jyi,frsm;ESifh jAJwdkufawmfapmifh? jyó'fawmfapmifh? ajreef;awmfapmifh? vTwfawmfapmifh? a&SU½Hk; aemuf½Hk;0if;½Hk; tapmifhwdkUrSm awmfwnfhajzmifhom;onfhauwkrwD? oa&acwå&m? oHvsif? pvif;? rif;wkef;uygonfh vlpkwdkU0fu t0ef;ESifh vlOD;a& 100pDtyf&rnf/ t&yf&yfuygonfh vlpkwdkU0fwGif anmif&rf;atmifajruyg crnf;awmf bk&m; aMu;0,fuRefiomxGef;ESifh vlOD;a& 100pDudk0f ae&mawmfcif;cefU/ wrsufvSnf;pkrSmvnf; vlr&Sd? enf;onf? vlOD;a& 50jznfhawmfrlonf? pajrmifwk&ifom;wdkUudk pajrmifwk&ifcefU/ aemuf0efpD&ifeufqifuyfap oli,fawmfwdkUudk taemufucefU? vTwfawmfrSpí a&SU½Hk;aemuf½Hk;awmif½Hk;0if;½Hk;rsm;rSm aennfhtaptyg; vlOD;a& 40pDcefU&rnf/ 0efwdkUpD&if/ ouú&mZf 1000jynfh 0gacgifvqef; 10&ufaeU (9 July 1638) em;cHajymhMuD;rSL; vTwfwGifjyefonfh trdefUawmf/ (rsdK;Munfh 1944? wufA[dk 45235? *efUa*gtHhay) 383 24 July 1638 bkef;awmftvGefMuD;jrwfawmfrlvSaom toQifb0&Sif rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; trdefUawmf&Sdonf/ ajreef;aoewf? 0ef;usifaoewf? tdyfbefawmfaoewf? a&TjrdKUawmfaoewf? aemufawmfygaoewf? wefwm;OD;aoewf? yef;,aoewf? b,ifcsDaoewf? ukvm;ysdK0faoewf? oli,fawmfaoewfwdkUrSpí t&yf&yfaoewfrsm;rSm anmif&rf;aMu;0,fuRefrSpí auwkrwD? jynf? oHvsif? a,;jrdK0f? '0,f? weoFm&D? ppfawmif;? 'v? om,m0wD? ulcef;MuD;? yk*H? Zif;r,fjrdKU0frsm;uygonfh vlpkwdkU0frSm wpkvQif OD;a& 100pDESifh aoewf 100? aq;? usnfaph? rD;pm? tpHktyf/ rwwfao;aom olwdk0fudk0f wwfatmif vkv’ jyKíoifap/ oif&mrSmvnf; touf&Sdaom owå0gwdkUudk0f raoapESifh/ tavsmufomjypfabmufap/ tdyfvSnfhtdyfzefapmifhaeap&rnfrSm ajreef; aoewfwdkUudk0f ajreef;awmfwGif vuf0Jvuf,m aoGmufMuD;wdkUESifh apmifhaeap/ 0ef;usifaoewf? ol&Jausmfwef;rsm;udk0f jAJwdkufaZw0efvuf0Jvuf,mwef;ESifh apmifhaeap/ bGm;bufausmfwdkUudk0f wef;ESifhaejrJaeap/ 'dkif;awmfrSm vuf0J rm&bifwHcg;wGif aeap/ twGif;rm&bifwHcg; vuf0Jvuf,mrsm;wGifvnf; a&SUpD&ifpkaoewf 30pDapmifhaeap/ taemufrm&bif wHcg;rSm 0ef;usifaoewf a&Tav;wyfom;wdkUudk0f pGJudkifjrJwefqmESifh aeUnnfhapmifhaeap/ jrdKU0fawmfwHcg; 9&yfrSmvnf; trSL;t0ef;i,fom; 100pD? wefcg;csif? wcg;usnf? wHcg;&Guf? rif;wkyf? usm;tpHkESifh aeUnnfhapmifhae ap/ twGif;axmifjyifaxmifrSL;? pcsD? t0ef;i,fom;wdkUudk0f ½Hk;apmifhvlwdkU0fESifh awmif½Hk;wGif aeUnnfhapmifhapí cdk;ao;rD;yGm;rSpí &mZ0wfawmfESifh pyfqdkiforQwdk0fudk0f vufraxmifrSL;wdk0fu cGJcefU/ cefUxm;onfhtwdkif; wpkpD&ifpkudk0f wpkuul;oef;í rESdK;raqmf apESifh/ cefUxm;awmf&if;wdkif;wGifom ppfaMumESdK0faqmfap/ ouú&mZf 1000jynfh 0gacgifvjynfhausmf 10&ufaeU (24 July 1638) em;cHpajrmifrSL;xkwfí vTwfwGifjyefonf trdefUawmf/ (rsdK;Munfh 1944? wufA[dk 45235) 384 24 July 1638 bkef;awmftvGefMuD;jrwfawmfrlvSaom toQifb0&Sif rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; trdefUawmf&Sdonf/ w&moDuw&moDodkU e0if;awmful;rnfrSm (rul;rD) t&d,moCFmawmfjrwfwdkUtm; qGrf;tkyf? uGrf;? vufbuf? MudrfacG? ajceif;? a&tdk;? a&rSKwfvSLap/ opfom;qifwkawmftMuD;? tvwf? ti,frsm;wGif t*Fg ig;yg;rjynfhrpHkí a[mif;EGrf;aqG;jrnfhonfht&mwdk0fudk0f ausmif;awmf bk&m; &ifjyifawmfrsm;rSm &Sdonfudk0faqmif,lí oapö;om;½dk; teDa&TrTrf;rHí a&Tpnf;cHkp&yfawmfwGif pk½Hk;wnfxm;í oCFmawmf 108yg;yifhí taeuZmwif ap/ qGrf;awmfauR;jyD;vQif bk&m;&ifjyifawmf ausmif;awmfrsm;udk0f aumif;rGef avQmufywfatmifydkUap&rnf/ awmfovif;vwGif 27toFmMudKufonfh aeY (24 August 1638) aAmifyGifhudk t*¾oDw&Sif&aoh t½kyfvkyfapí udk,f0wf? 'kukwf? oifuef;? cg;yef;? oif;ydkif? c½dkif? yJuGyf? oydwftpHk? qGrf;? cJbG,f? awmifa0;? MudrfacG? opfom;oHk;cGwdkUudk eef;wGif;ü pifESifhwnfxm;í 9yg;ykPÖm;wdkUudk0f ylaZmfapjyD;vQif aexGuf&mt&yfjrpful;acsmif;jcm;odkUydk0fap/ tZm*½kykPÖm; udk0far;í 0efwdkU0D&if/ ouú&mZf 1000jynfh 0gacgifvjynfhausmf 10&ufaeU (24 July 1638) em;cHpajrmifrSL;xkwfí vTwfwGifjyefonfh trdefUawmf/ (rsdK;Munfh 1944? wufA[dk 45235? *efUa*gtHh ay) 385 2 September 1638 bkef;awmftvGefMuD;jrwfawmfrlvSaom toQifb0&Sifrif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; trdefUawmf&Sdonf/ owif;uRwfobifawmfonf rif;{u&mZfwdkUü qDrD;jrif;rdk pD&ifxGef;n§d ylaZmfawmfrlonfhtwGuf yg#dy'du&ufü odMum;paom wefcdk;MuD; ukefaom ewfwdkU0f 0rf;ajrmuf&Tifvef;aom upm;jcif;jzifh omoemawmfudk jyKpkaom olawmfaumif;wdkUpHaomjrdK0fawmfrsm;0,f? obifawmfudk tMunfht½I a&mufonf/ tusif;ty tpDt&if taqmift&Gufwifhw,fonf rwifhw,f onfudk rSwfom;í wvav;oDwif; nDvmobifcHaom oMum;rif; a&SUbwfvQif r[morwrif;jrwfwdk0frSpí rZösdrwdkufjynfrsm;rSm rif;crf;awmf rsm;ESifh tusif;tywlvQif 0rf;ajrmufonf/ rwlvQif &TifjrL;jcif; r&Sdonfrsm;udk0f aA'iftXuxm#Dum usrf;rsm;wGifvmonf/ ouú&mZf 1000 jynfh owif;uRwfvqef; 15&ufaeU (12 September 1638) txGufw&ufaeU obifawmfwuf&rnf/ ae&maewdkUudk igt&Sifrif;{u&mZf obifawmfü wifhw,favsmufywfatmif taygif;txkwf t0wftqif tpD;teif; toGm;tvm txGuft0if twufae&mrsm;rSm ruspfrvpf r&SdapESifh/ aoQmif tEGJUtnGwfr&SdapESifh/ aAmif;t,dk0ft,Gif; r&SdapESifh/ &mZ*Faerif;&ifjyif0,f obifawmfü roifhrwifh r&Sdap&/ em;awmif;ruRwfap&/ ae&mcsrSwfí wufjyD;wae&muonf wae&modk0f ul;oef;í raeapESifh/ taqmift&Guf wnfonfrsm;rSmvnf; t0wfykqdk0f rvpfr[if;apESifh/ 0efwdkU0fuMunfh½Ií qdk0fap/ ouú&mZf 1000jynfh owif;uRwfvqef;6&ufaeU(2 September 1638) em;cHajymhMuD;rSL;xkwfí vTwfwGifjyefonfh trdefUawmf/ (rsdK;Munfh 1944? wufA[dk 45235) 386 9 September 1638 bkef;awmftvGefMuD;jrwfawmfrlvSaom toQifb0&Sifrif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; trdefU awmf&Sdonf/ tpktief;wdkif;vnf; xkwf,lonf[lí tESHUyifxkwf,lMuonf/ pm&if;ay&if;wnfonfudkvnf;rod? rwnfonfudkvnf; rod? rif;uRefeef;pOf vlwdkUom txkwftrdefUawmf&Sdonfudk vkiforJjrif;onfuyif xkwf,lonf [lí qdk0fonf/ rxkwfapESifh/ rqdk0fyJyif &Sdaomfvnf; 0efwdkUudkqdk0f 0efwdkUonf xkwfoifhoolxkwfqdk0frSxkwf&rnf/ aus;Zl;qyfaumif;onf udkvnf; qyf&rnf/ w&m;aMumif;ESifh vTwfoifhrSvTwf&rnf/ aoewfvkifrif; uRefeef;pOfvlwdk0fonf jynf? awmifil? Zif;r,furif;uRefeef;pOfvljzpfí xrf;bl;oolonf uGJjym;aví pm&if;yif r&Sdaomfvnf; pm&if;r&Sd[lí rqdk0fom xkwf&rnf/ ouú&mZf 1000jynfh owif;uRwfvqef; 13&ufa 1aeU (9 September 1638) trdefUawmf/ (rsdK;Munfh 1944? wufA[dk 45235) 387 18 September 1638 bkef;awmftvGefMuD;jrwfawmfrlvSaom toQifb0&Sifrif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; trdefU awmf&Sdonf/ owif;uRwfobifawmfrSpí jAJwdkufxGuf? vTwfxGufaeU? yGJwuf? a&Teef;awmfaqmifawmfodrf;? r*Fvma&Teef;odrf;? nDvmobifawmfcH? qifusHK;xD;eef;xGufpHawmfrl&mrsm;wGif aoQmifeJUíwif 0ef;t&Gufrxnfhaomf vnf;aumif;? 0wfaomem;awmif;uRwfí usrf;odk0fMuaomfvnf;aumif;? obifawmfü wae&muonf wae&modkU ajymif;aeaomfvnf;aumif;? þodk0f rvdr®mrdkufaom uRefawmfrsdK0fwdk0fudk0f oif;wdkUa&mifudk qGJí tcsuf 100½dkuf/ ae&mwufjyD;rS oefU&Sif;vdkonf[lí ae&mrSxí atmufodkU qif;aomfvnf; aumif;/ wae&muonf wae&modk0f ul;oef;ajymif;aeaomfvnf;aumif;? oif;wdkUonf vlrdkufvl½dkif;jzpfonf? a0;pGmaom t&yfodk0fydkU/ wvJ&ol? xrf;pifvufcwfa&SUaemuf&ol? xrf;pifvufcwf a&SUaemufr&ool? &opf0if &ool? usdKif;MuD;usdKif;i,f&ol? pnf&ol? taqmift&Guf&olwdkU0frSm tyfawmfrlonfh taqmifudk raqmifrvm? jrif;pD;í wufaomfvnf;aumif;? ajrudk0feif;í twGif;awmfodkU0f 0ifaomfvnf;aumif;? oif;wdk0fudk0faqmifoifh aqmifEdkifrnfudk &nfí oem;awmfrlonf/ raqmifrvm wuf&jrJr[kwfonf udk0f twifhtw,f toa&awmfudk0f EGrf;e,fatmif awmoGm;vlqdk0fwdk0fuJhodkU usifhonf/ oem;awmfrlonfh taqmift&Guf ae&mwdkUudk ESKwfodrf; &rnf/ wMudrfjzpfíom pD&ifawmfrrlonf/ aemifonfuJhodkU0f rusifhapESifh/ 0efwdkUpD&if/ ouú&mZf 1000jynfh owif;uRwfvjynfhausmf 7&ufaeU (18 September 1638) em;cHajymhMuD;rSL;xkwfí vTwfwGifjyefonfh trdefUawmf/ (rsdK;Munfh 1944? wufA[dk 45235) 388 21 September 1638 bkef;awmftvTefMuD;jrwfawmfrlvSaom toQifb0&Sifrif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; trdefU awmf&Sdonf/ awmfae&mae &mZoD&daZ,ocF,m aovGef&mrSm ysnftzHk;? a&uef? urÜwfudk0f a&Txnfhí cgomrGrf;ap/ a&TarSmfMuJap/ ysnfzHk;csifyk a&Txnfhap/ pjrifwdkifbDwif? txGwf? y&dwfcsnfa&Txnfhap/ ukwfbD;xrif; aqmifap/ ydwefwdkif 6acsmif; vkyfap/ iSufacs;cH0g;ydk;qdkif;4? txGwfa&TwGif oawmifvgwfuEéjzifusufap/ qif 2 t½dk0fvG,fap/ cHwGif;xnfh&ef a&T 1d? rsufESmvTrf;&ifvTrf;pnf;MuD;rsm;udk0f tarGwdkufpdk0fpma&;wdk0fu xkwfay;ap/ tulawmfa&Tqdkif; 10/ cgomtkyf 5? zsif 40? omvltkyf 20? ykqdk0fxnf 10? vufbufacsmif; 10? aMu;40? tulawmfulap/ 0efwdkUupD&if/ ouú&mZf1000jynfh owif;uRwfvjynfhausmf 10&ufaeU (21 September 1638) em;cHpajrmifrSL;xkwfí vTwfwGifjyefonfh trdefUawmf/ (rsdK;Munfh 1944? wufA[dk 45235) 389 24 September 1638 ta&;rqdk0f 'dkif;acgif;wpkwdk0f &Sdcdk;oHawmfOD;wifcsufrSm rm&bifaejyówfae a&SUaeoí udk0f tvkwftaqmiftrSKt&mMuD;aomfom jyó'fw0ufudk0fvkwf ap/ trIt&mrMuD;? tao;tzGJudk0f rvkyfapESifh/ tkyfvkyfqDrD;awmif jyowfvkyfudk0faomfum;? tvSLtwef;rIjzpfaomaMumifhudkwdkU ukodkvfyif jzpfonf rqdkom/ ouú&mZf 1000jynfh owif;uRwfvjynfhausmf 13&uf2aeY (24 September 1638) ta&;rqk0f'dkifacgif;wdkUuoHawmfOD;wifpmESifh jrdK0fopf i,fpm; avQmuf&mwGif trdefUawmf&Sdonf/ (rsdK;Munfh 1944? wufA[dk 45235) 390 28 September 1638 bkef;awmftvGefMuD;jrwfawmfrlvSaom toQifb0&Sifwif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; trdefUawmf&Sdonf/ csawmfrlonf &Spfjynfaxmifudk0f tpdk0f&awmfrlaom jrifoa&GU &Sdoa&GUaom vlwdk0f\ t&Sifrif;MuD;rif;jrwf tpdk0f&jcif; igjzpfawmf rlonf/ onfjrifoa&GU &Sdoa&GU vlonf rif;wa,mufudk0fomrSDí jzpfonf/ rif;rydkifol&Sdonfr[kwf? odk0fonfAdkvfygtxl;xk;wdkUudk0f tpdk;&jcif;jzifh r[morwrif;upí tpkt½Hk; tpnf;taESmif tnDtnGwf pk½Hk;pnf;aESmif½dk0f jzpfonf/ pk½Hk;pnf;aESmifaMumif; t½dk0fonf rif;rsdK0f? ykPÖm;rsdK0f? ol 391 28 September 1638 omoemawmfpD;yGm;? jynfolwum owå0g taygif;wdkUpD;yGm;? rdrdjynfEdkifiHü &Sdaom vltaygif;wdkUudk0f *wdwnfpGm i,fooludk0fMuD;omatmif? MuD;ool udk0f tdkomatmif? tdkoolvnf; csrf;ompGm ao&atmif? bkef;ynmyg&rD&Sdaom rif;jrwfrif;aumif;ompdk0fEdkifaqmifEdkifonf/ jrifoa&GU touf&SdorQ owå0g onfum; pdwf&Sdwdkif;udk,f0,fvdkuf&onfudkom MudKufukefonfom/ pdwf&Sd wdkif; udk,fvdkufEdkifajc&monfvnf; r&Sd? pdwfudk0fvdkufí tusdyf&Sd&monfvnf; r&Sd/ rsm;pGmaompdwfudk0f tusdK;tjypfudkodaomolom xdef;csKyfEdkifonfudk0f ESpfodef;av;aomif; ajrMuD;jrLrSHKUESifhtrQaom bk&m;taygif;wdk0fonf a[mawmfrlonf/ pdwfukdvdkufí udk,ftusdyfrjzpfEdkifonf tjrJyif/ oif;wdkU0f oluRefjzpfajconf[lí odkUrS udk,fvdkcsrf;ompGm jzpfrnf[lí t&Sifudkawmif; yefí udk,fbdk;ay;í xGufavonf/ uReft&moluRefuvGwfvQif csrf;ompGm rvGwfraeEdkifav? olrSmaygifjyefaví rSD;jyefav\/ oltaygif; jzpfjyef &av\/ udk,fbdk;ay;í xGufonf pdwfudkvdkufí tpdk0ftcsKyf r&Sdcsrf;ompGm &nfonfhtwdkif; rjzpfEdkifonftaMumif;udk0f rdefUawmfrlvdkufonf/ igodk0fonf twdkif;wdkif;t&Sifrif;MuD;rif;jrwfudk0f rqdk0fom/ Zeykwf&Gmjynfudk pm;í w&m ig;usdwf&Sifyif jzpfaomfvnf; t0iftqdk0fom/ Zeykwf&Gmjynfudkpm;í w&mig;usdwf&Sifyif jzpfaomfvnf; t0iftyg uRef[lí rodrf;rydkufbJ uRefoaygufajrvwfudk0faomfvnf; uRefqdk0f&rnfr[kwf/ ra&wGufEdkifaom vlwumwdk0f trsdK;av;yg;? ppft*Fgav;yg;? jynfhpHk pGmaom omoemawmf? jynfolvl&[ef; pD;yGm;udk aqmifayonf/ jrifoa&GU aomAdkvfygtaygif;ESifh &xm;xdef;vSnf;ESifh obG,fowå0gtaygif;udk aqmif onf r[kwfavm0f/ rif;{u&mZfü trIxrf;waxmifudk ESpfaxmifudk0f oHk;axmifudk0f av;axmifudk0f ig;axmifudk0f waomif;udk0f rbdwfrpif rvGifhravrvGwf&atmif odrf;ydkuf? rp? yJhjyif? oGefoif? xdef;aMumif;í t&Sifrif;cdkif;cefUonfht&m tpktrIü t&SifhpD;yGm;awmf&SdaMumif;udk t&SiftyfESH cdkif;cefUawmfrlonf/ t&SifuRefawmfrsdK0fonf itoif; itpk olUbufighrSm wnf&atmif vkyfpm;MuHpm;jzpfatmif? rif;rI&SdvQif ukefatmif jyefUyGm;atmif? toufOD;qHudk0f t0pdk0f&aom toQif0efwdk0f vTJawmfrlí cdkif;cefU 392 28 September 1638 awmfrlavonf/ igwdkU0ft0ifonf b,fodk0fukefonfvnf;? v,fodk0f&Sdonf vnf;? b,fodkUpD&ifawmfrlaomfaumif;rnfvnf;? b,fodkUpD&ifcif;&Sdrnfvnf; [lí tpdk0fwGif pma&;íESif;/ pm&if;Munfhí trIi,f tpdkUi,fwdkUudk0f ac:í pm&if;oGif;í ar;jref;pDppfí t0ifrdr®onf rnfol? t0ifa,musfm;ESifh tdrfjzpf av\/ odkUrSm taqGtrsdK0fo®D; aoGmufESifh bdkifbGm;aevnf; a,musfm;vdkuf ayrnf/ raeyg? vkwfusif;aqmifusif;qif;&JorI &SdygavjyD/ a,musfm;rSm aeygrnfqdk0fí pm&if;rSwfí a,musfm;rSm aeaom o®D;vnf; rdr®yg bdk;bGm; t0if? t&G,fwdkifvQif jyKpkrnf/ om;onfa,musfm;yg trIxrf;avmufvQif vifrSm xrf;vdrfhrnf/ t0iftrIxrf;ESifh 0efpkrSm rdr®ESifh oifhavvQifvnf; onfenf;vrf;pD&ifxGuf&Sdonf/ rsm;onfwdkUonfvnf; ckrS0efcefUawmfrlonf/ ckrSpma&;[lí i,fom;wdkU0fESifh tjrpftyifwcsufwnf; odjrif&ajconf/ a&S;jzpfavonfrsm;udk0f odk0fpD&ifvdk0f\/ ,ckrlum; r&Sufrwif&atmif usL½Hk\odk0fwrsdK0fwnf; wom;wnf;wpkwnf; w0ef;wnf; awmfaMumifhvnf; usm;vHk? usm;aMumifhvnf; awmvHkouJhodk0f igwdk0fpD&if&csdrfhrnf xdk0ft0ifwGif vifr&Sdaom rdr® toufav;q,f ig;ESpfajcmufESpft&G,fonf awmif;wvHk;ESifh &Smpm;í? uolESifhoufí t0ifjzpfajcawmhrnf/ xdk0ft0iftwGif; r,m;r&SdbJ trIawmf&SnfrnfoloifhESpftdrfay;\/ rMuKufvQif oltHkí avmif;íay;\/ tpkwGifESr? wlr? c,fr? ajr;onf uRefr[kwf? rif;uRefjzpfonf? odkUonfvl rsm;udkvnf; rdr®t&G,fwefavvQif a,musfm;v0fESifh rdr®v0fESifh ,if;odkUjyKpkodrf;ydkuf pdrfhrnf igcdkif;cefUawmfrlonf/ usrf;*efü bk&m;w&m;ü rif;wdk0f\&mZ0wf? avmu0wf? vlwdk0fü usifh½dk0fusif;&musifhaMumif;onfodk0f &Sdawmhonf/ igvnf; trIawmfudk0f ukefpdrfhrnf/ ighuRefawmfwdkU0f trIawmf ukefpdrfhrnf[lí0ef? 0efpma&;? pma&;cefUawmfrlonf? odk0fudkrav;rpm; igodk0fonf {u&mZfrif;trIudk0f tav;rjyK? jrwfEdk0fjcif;rjyK? xDodk0frxif/ odkonf {u&mZfrif;trIawmfjynfMuD; 0efudk0f igwdkUtab; 393 28 September 1638 tbdk;? igwdk0fbonfvnf;? odk0fonftrIt&monfrif;acgifrif;zsm;onf cdkif;cefUbl;onfr[kwf? igwdk0fonfvnf; odk0fonfrif;onfrif;uJhodkU0f 0,fodk0fonftrIudk0f jrifbl;Mum;bl; pD&ifbl;ajconfr[kwf? onftoGif rif;{u&mZfonf vlaumif;t&modk0f oGif;awmfrlí vlaumif;jzpfatmif trI awmfukefatmif aus;awmfuRefawmfudpövHkatmifwdkUudk 0efcefUí pma&;cefUí pD&if&onf/ v,fodk0faomt&ifwufpD;yGm;ouJhodkU0f pD;yGm;awmf &Sdygrnfvnf; cdkif;cefUawmfrlaom uRefawmfrsdK0fodk0f t0ifvnf; b,fodk0fjyefUrnf? yGm;rnfenf;/ pm;ukefaomHvnf; b,fodk0f jzpfygrnfenf;? t0wfrpkwf? tpm;rysuf? 0ufMuufarG;[efjcHESifh vkyfief;aqmifwm tvifhtaxmuf&Sdatmif igwdkt0ef;igwdk0f tpkonfum; odkufoudkuf 0ef;0ef; rpifrvGifh t&Sif;aus; awmfuRefawmf trIawmf xrf;jzpfonfudk? wdkUudk 0efcefUawmfrlonf? 0efMuD; vSonf[lí rrSwf? owdrjyK? ESvHk;roGif;? vkv’rjyK? rar;rjref;? rppfraMum? rpDr&if? pma&;&Sdonfudk0f trI0efpma&;onf igwdkUwdkufeuf tpkrnfrQ? rnfonfh tpk0,f OD;a&rnfrQ? t0ef;0efrnfrQ? trIxrf;0,f? vltdk0fusrnfrQ? onfhteuf tdrfaxmifpdk0frnfrQ? a,musfm;vyfrnfrQ? rdr®vyfrnfrQ? om;rnfrQ? o®D;rnfrQ? rnfonfhouú&mZf rnfrQckuom;t&if;rnfrQESpf? ,ckonf om;trIxrf;oGif;avmufjyD? o®D;tdrfaeavmufjyD? tpkcsif;wGif acgif;t0ef;om; rdom;bvifray;yJ r,m;ray;yJ vuf,lajczifhwrkHU? rdbxm;avvQif tvkyf taqmifum; rdbydkif\/ tdrfrI,mrIudk rdbrydkifacs/ onfoli,frwdk0f t&G,f wefvQif avvGifhawmhrnf/ pdwfvdk0fvdkufavawmhrnf? odk0fay;odk0fjyKpk[lí pD;bG,fcif;&if;udk0f 0efonfpm&if;wdk0fESifh wdkifyifn§dnGwfítrSL;? aoGmufMuD;? acgif;? tpk? i,fom;wdk0fESifh ar;jrefí tpD&if? o®D;? ESr? wlr? c,fr? r&D;? ajr;? tdrfaxmifvif? odk0fonfrdr®onfvifr&Sd? &Sdvdrfhrnf? odk0fudkr,m;aoonfh trIxrf;vkifysdK0fvlopfjyifodk0fonf a,musfm;vyfESifh rdr®vyfudk tvyfrae &atmif tdrfaxmifay;í trIxrf;wa,mufonfodk0frS ESpfa,mufoHk;a,muf yGm;onfwdkufe,ftpdk0f&onfvnf; wodkufw0Srf; 394 28 September 1638 t&SnftrIawmfudk0f xrf;uHkonf? igtrdefUawmf&Sdonf? odk0fudk0favSpD;vQuf usnf;odkU0fwufvQifwufudk0fypfcJhonfqdk0fouJhodkU0f? trdefUawmf&Sdonfudk qdk0fvQif trdefUawmftwdkif; udkpD&ifawmhonf[lí u½kwfu&ufESifh usdK0feifuRH ysufucHkutcsuftvuf rodt,ltiifrodowdAvrjyK? pdwfrjrJ? ESvHk;rjrJ? pD&ifonf[lí jyKonf/ acG;avtdrfrod? toHxGufqef;a[mif\odkUom pD&if onf[líjyK\/ onf0efcefUvQif trIvyfwwf? trIi,fav;q,fig;q,f ajcmufq,fodk0f&Sdonf/ tar;tjref; tppftaMumr&Sd? trdefUawmf&SdvQif tqifh qifh omjyefonf? qdk0fonfjyKíom oif;wdkUtMudKuf tMudKufttm;ttm;odk0f ompGyfpGJ,rf;orf;íom pD&ifonf[líom jyK&onf/ ijynf&GmwGif;udk rif;trdefUawmfpD;yGm;awmf[líom r[kyfrrSefonf tusifhudk0fajcESifh zsufouJh odkU0f? eifwdk0fpD&ifíjyKonf/ jzpfatmif[lí eifwdkUtvdk0f&Sdonf usifhonfjyK onf/ ysufonfudk0frqdk0f? b,fodk0fESvHk;roGif;? trdefUawmftwdkif; rvGef? r,kwf? rrSefonf usifhonf[lí jyKonf/ trdefUawmf\ teuftxkyÜwådudk0f t,lodk0frS pD;yGm;awmf trdefUawmfESifhqdkifonf [lír,l? raxmuf? trdefuawmftwdkif; pD&ifonf[líom acG;a[mif\odk0fjyKonf/ waeU&Spfcg tcsdefudk0fodí wGefaomMuufonf {nfhonfa&mufí owfpm;rnfudk0f rodouJhodkU0fom tc&mr&? ppfonf? aMumonf? pD&ifonf[líom wqGqG ESifhjynfacsmufcsm;? &Gmacsmufcsm;rQom? tcuftvufraeodk0f ppfaMumpD&if onf[lí rif;{u&mZfa&Tem;awmfMum;vdrfhrnf[lí wqGqGom jyKonf? pD&ifonf? eifwdkUudk0efcefUawmfrlonf/ a&TjynfawmfodkU0fa&mufawmfrlonf av;ESpf&moD&SdjyD? yOöif;rcHapESifh? &SifrjyKapESifh? trdefUawmf&Sdonfvnf; oli,fpm&if;ppfí rdbudkac:? t0ef; aoGmufMuD; tenf;rSwfí rtyf? qdwfqdwfcdk0f trdefUawmfr&SdrDu &SifjyKonf? onfudkom;rif;em;pdk0fem;Mum;atmifpm;&aomH&atmif wvSKyfvSKyf w&Sm;&Sm; vlxGufonf[kjyKonf? &Sifpm&if;? yOöif;pm&if;xm;&Sdawmhonf? &Sifaumif;yOöif; aumif;jzpfygvdrfhrnfavm/ v,fxGefaygif;xdk0fjyKí rdvkyfbvkyfí &Sifqdkonf ESifhae&atmif? &SifonfvljyK 395 28 September 1638 í rif;om;rif;ajr; trSL;trwfwdkU0frSm wdk;0ifvdrfhrnf avm[lí tvkyf taqmifESifh &Sifa,mifjyKí rdb0,fvkyfaqmifí aeaomf bk&m;ynyfawmfrl onfh &[ef;onf wumtvkyfudk0f vkyfaqmifí arG;tyfonf[k ynyfawmf rvm? &[ef;aumif;jzpfí qGrf;cHí rdbudk0farG;tyfonfudk0fom ynyfawmf&Sd\ eif&SifyOöif;[líum; pm&if;xnfh\/ eif&SifyOöif;[líum; pm&if;xnfh\/ vl\trIjzifh vkyfaqmifvSmonfudk udk,fvkdufí vkyfvdk0fvQif trdtb tvkyfudk0fvltjzpfvkyf? ,if;odkU0faomfvnf; rppfraMumrpDr&if trIawmfxrf; rif;uRefawmfom;jzpfonf ausmif;rSmraeom[lí ppfaMumonfomjyKonf? trdefUawmf&SdvQif 0efjyefonf? rnfoolonf jyefonf[lí rSwfxm;vQif tpk0efjzpfoolonf pma&;udk0fqdk0fonf/ pma&;onf trSL;wyfrSL; aoGmufMuD; wdkUqdk0fonf? trSL;? wyfrSL;? aoGmufMuD;onf acgif;? t0ef;? wef;? aoGmufudkqdk0favonf? acgif;? t0ef;? wef;aoGmufonfvnf; oif;wdkU wdkufeufwGif udk0fqdk0fonf[líom tqifhqifh qifhíom tc&mr&? wnfwefU&mr&Sd? rif;{u&mZf trdefUawmfudk0f tav;rJh trIawmfudk r½dkrao tqifhqifh qifhíom wnfwefU&mr&? pD&ifonf [líom jyKonf/ tqifhqifh qifhacs\ pum;tqifhrsm;í vefí olUacgif;ighacgif; rodysdK0fjcdrfhrnf[lí tpk0efonf 0efwGiftrSL;? aoGmufMuD;? acgif;? wyfrSL;? t0ef;? wef;? pma&;odkUrsm;udk0f tdrfodkUac:í rsufESmnDpD&ifcif; ppfaMumcif; ar;jref;cif;a&; rSwfcif; trdefUawmfjyefcif; &Sdonfudk0f pma&;ESifh 0efonfwuG eufwdkuf euftwGif;odkU onf tMuD;wdkUudkac:í ESvHk;em;oGif;í ar;jref;ppfaMumí rsufESmnDpD&ifap/ oif;wdkU tpk0efonf pD&ifcif;&SdvQif trdefUawmf&SdvQif oif;wdkUudk0f rif;jyKí pma&;udkac:í omonfhtwdkif; trdefUawmf&Sdonf onfhtwdkif; pD&if&rnf/ onfhtwdkif; 0efwdkUuqdkonf? a[monfudk0f rif;u apvdkuf[líom pma&;udk0f cdkif;cefUavonf/ oif;tdrfqdk0fi,fwGif rsufESmrJh udk0f pmwdk0fwxGm wrdkufESifha&;í rnfooludk0fydk0facs? rnf0gudk0fydk0facs[lí om rif;{u&mZfcdkif;cefUawmfrlaom OD;a&oHk;av;ig;ajcmufaomif;onf trSL;0efcefUawmfrlonfvnf; qdk;qdk;npfnpf? oGrf;oGrf; 396 28 September 1638 aomhaomh? odrfodrfi,fi,f? ayghayghavsmhavsmh? odk0fonfrif;rIjynfrSL; tpk0ef t&mtxl;cdkif;cefUawmfrlonfudk tav;tjrwfrJh pD&ifwHk[lí jyKonf? raocif aumif;pm;csifonf[lírlum; pdwf&Sdonf? awmifhwonf? odk0fESifhrwef? odk0fESifhrnD? acgif;7Sdonfudkyif nDpí cgMuonf? odk0fusifhonf? pnf;pdrfcsrf;omESifhxl;í jzpfcsifonf? touf&Snfcsifonf? t*FgMuD;i,fESifh rcsdK0fcsifonf? udk,f&Sifonf? tvdkvdk&Sdonf? onfrsm;b,fol0,f&Sdonfvnf;? b,fhaMumifh raumif;jzpfaponfvnf;? udk,fESKwfESvHk;oHk;yg;udk0f vHkUv0D&D, tm;xkwfí aumif;pGmusifhav? aumif;apvdkaomf udk,fqkr®qdk0fonf? igrSmpum;r&Sdudk,f&Sifudk,frSmom taMumif;w&m;jyojzifh {u&mZfrif;udk0f pMum0Vm waomif;ü&Sdaom ewfoMum;jA[®m taygif;wdkUonf omoemawmf pD;yGm;udkaqmifpdrfhaomiSg csDyifhí omoemawmf jyKoolvl&[ef;t&SnftusdK0f pD;yGm;&SdaMumif;udk0f ½Iajrmfawmfrlvsuf aqmifawmf rlonf/ opöH"r®0&d,wESifh Zm*ol&owådynm or®m"do'´gESifh jynfhpHkawmfrlaom omoemawmf pD;yGm;jynfolvl&[ef;wdkU pD;yGm;udk aqmifawmfrlaom {u&mZf rif;udk ta&SUbuf rkwårESifhtuG oHk;q,fhESpfjrdK0fom; wvdkif;wdk0fudk0f vSnfhzsm;½Hk;pkí? wvuGrf;pm;i,fonf armfvrdkifjrdK0fudk tpma&pm tjynfhoGwf í oHk;q,fhESpfjrdK0fom;wvdkif;ESifhnDí ao&rnfhjrdK0fwvm; jzpfapawmh [lí yHkpm;onfudk0f &JrufwdkY0fu Munf;wyf a&wyfoabFmul&Guf uwåLvGef;MuifESifh avSwyfa&Munf;ydwfí usHK;em;udk xdk;0g;ywfvnfpdkufí usHK;udk jrdK0fxdyfESifhtrQ oHk;av;oG,fzdkY0fí xdyfxuf0,f rD;pkouJhodk0f MudKufMudKuf qlrQom rcHomatmif &JrufawmfwdkUudk0f ESpfvcGJom vkyfMuHapí (ouú&mZf 1000jynfh) 0gqdkvqef; 1&ufaeU (12 June 1638) jrdK0fxdyfu &Jrufawmf tjynfhqif;í wa,mufrQrvGwfEdkif? tpOf&í a,musfm;[lorQudk0f tpOf owfonf/ vufonf;ESifhwuG aygif;qufoí udkwHusifvQdK0fí rD;wdkufawmf rlonf/ avmb? a'go? arm[jzifh &mefaxmifzDqef½Hk;xGufaom &mefaxmifol wdkUudk bkef;ynmtmPm 0D&d,jzifh atmifjrifawmfrlonf/ 397 28 September 1638 ouú&mZf 1000jynfh wefaqmifrkef;vqef; 3&uf6aeU (28 September 1638) trdefUawmf/ (rsdK;Munfh 1944? 98? 171? 7ay/ wufA[dk 45235) 398 4 October 1638 bkef;awmftvGefMuD;jrwfawmfrlvSaom toQifb0&Sifrif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; trdefU awmf&Sdonf/ [w¬dyl&jynf? oD[yl&jynf? Owå&yOömvjynf? pE´yl&Djynf ig;jynf axmifonf r[morw 0&a&mpwdk0fu qif;oufaom apwD,rif;udk0f r[myx0Daqmifaom aemufudk a*gwrbk&m; tavmif;uyÜdv&Sif&aohjynf nTef;aom ig;jrdKU&mwGifwdkif; c½dkifESifhwuG oD&d"r®maomurif;MuD;xyfí wnfxm;aom 8400jrdK0f? wwd,o*Fg,emwif t0iftygjzpfonf? aemufig; pD;&SifjyKpkawmfrlaom v0udk;acgif; ta&SUawmift&yf0,f awmifywfvnf 146vHk;&Hvsuf&Sdaom twGif;wGif acsmif;av;oG,f&Sdonf? a&uefav;uef &Sdonf/ a&tdkifav;tdkif&Sdonf? pdkufvsufaomwdkifav;vHk;&Sdonf? vGefpdrfhtif; av;tif;&Sdonf/ r[mydEéK½kyfwnfxm;aom ulav;ul&Sdonf/ xdk*l&if;wGif tkwf&Spfyyifav;yif&Sdonf? qifynm&Sd vu©Pmzwf rEÅ&m;rEÅef qifaq; orm;wdkU aeukefaom ukuúdKav;yif&Sdonf? trwfMuD;wdkUae&m o&ufyif av;yif&Sdonf/ [dr0EÅmwGif aysmfyg;aexdkifaom oD&dem*qifawmfudk0f ig& awmfrlonf/ oD&dem*qifonf tpG,feDonf? tjrD;wHcg;ydwf? jrD;qHjzLonf? ESmacgif;zsm;u t½dk;wufí anmif&GufuJhodkU OD;uif;a&mufjzLonf? aMum½dk; jzLonf? jrD;½dk0f w0ufjzLonf? ajcESpfbufvufESpfbuf 0,fajconf; vufonf;eDonf? tmacgifcHwGif;eDonf? ajcESpfbufvufESpfbuf b0g; uonfwufí wawmifcefUjzLonf? vuf0Jvuf,mMumyGifhuJhodkU0f jzLonf? aMum½dk0fjzLonf? 0rf;jzLonf? tjzLESifhtjymudk0f Munfhaomf tjzLESpfpk tjymwpkcefUrQom&Sdonf? xl;jrwfaom vu©Pm&Sdonf? pD;awmf&? ajcawmfwifxdkufaom qifawmfjzpfonf? jAJwdkuf&if;wGif waqmif;a&Txnfh? txGwf? 'kydum? xD;pdkufí csnfwdkifa&Txnfh? uwåDyga&T&ufjymuGyfwGif a&TarSmfMuJ? MudK0f;a&T&ufjym;rTrf;? pnfeD 4? aiGESJ? aiGc&m? a&Ttif 1? aiGtif1? a&Tusnf 1? aiGusnf 1? aqmif&GufwD;rSKwfí xGufap 0ifap/ qifawmf auR;&ef om,m0wDuwdkif 40ay;í auR;ap/ vpnf 29&uf 30wdk0fü xrif;qH 12F csuf qm; 50dus? usD0efuay;ap/ OD;pD;udkem* eefol? uHk;v,fem*a0vl? aemufxdkifrm*pE´mwdkUudk 399 4 October 1638 0wfaumif;em;awmif;ESifh pD;apí a&ay;a&csxGuf0ifap/ 0efwdkUpD&if/ ouú&mZf 1000jynfh waqmifrkef;väef; 9&ufaeU (4 October 1638) em;cHpajrmifrSL;xkwfí vTwfwGifjyefonfh trdefUawmf/ (rsdK;Munfh 1944? 98? 171? 7ay? wufA[dk 45235) 400 8 October 1638 bkef;awmftvTefMuD;jrwfawmfrlvSaom toQifb0&Sifrif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; trdefUawmf&Sdonf/ ta0;jrdK0f0efwdkUrSm ½Hk;wufvQif oem;awmfrlonf aqmifxm; ouúvyftdyfeDoGwfí a&SUoGm;ap/ oifjzL;tem; rGrf;rStHk;0ef; ouúvyfcsyfap/ carmufwifESifh aea&miftkyfap/ oem;awmfrlorQ taqmif t&Guf tpD;teif;wdk0fudk0fom aqmif&GufpD;eif;í ½Hk;wufap/ rSwfpmawmfay;tyfonfudk rkwårjrdK0f0ef rif;&JpnfolrSm ½Hk;wufvQif vuf0J vuf,m aoewfpDpnfusif;yaqmif&Gufí wufaMumif;udk0f em;cHwdkU0fu a&Tb0g;awmfatmuf avQmufí a&Tem;awmfMum;&onf/ rif;&Jpnfolonf igtoQif b0&Sifrif;w&m;MuD; aqGawmf&if; rif;om;ajr;jzpfí &mZ0wfawmfudk xif&Sm;atmif rpD&ifonf/ ppfuJpma&;MuD;wdk0f a&SmifcsnfjrdKwHcg;rsm;rSm aeap/ ol&Jaumif;[ef&Srf;tmPm0ef;&Hîaeap/ rif;&JpnfolwGif tMuD;jyKolMumuefpm; oefv,fpm; xaemif;0ef;pm;&efaemif pmqdkol iausmf? i0? a&? ixGef;wdkUudk qifpm&dwfxnfh? rif;&JpnfoltdrfodkU aeUnOfha&mufonf/ awrd? ivdyf? iudk? iudkrdwdkUudk a0;pGmaomt&yfodkU ydkUxm;&rnf/ av;aoéwfrsm;udk tcGef0efpma&; wdkUu a&;rSwfí véwfwdkufrSm oGif;xm;ap/ 0efwdkUurSm/ ouú&mZf 1000jynfh wefaqmifrkef;vqef; 13&ufaeU (8 )ctober 1638) emcHajymhMuD;rSL; xkwfí vTwfwGifjyefonfh trdefUawmf/ (rsdK;Munfh 1944? wufA[dk 45235) 401 15 October 1638 bkef;awmftvGef MuD;jrwfawmffrlvSaom toQifb0&Sifrif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; trdefUawmf&Sdonf? &mZrPdplVmapwDawmfodk0f a&Tavmif;awmfESifh xGufpHawmf rlrnf? avjyif;a&jyif;ukd rjrifEdkif? avSmfum;rsm;udkvdkufap? nDawmfrif;&Jausmf pGmrSpí rif;om;MuD;? jrdK0fpm;? jrif;rSL;wdkUudk0fvnf; avSESifhvdkufap? jrdK0fwHcg; rSL;? t0ef;i,fom;wdkUudk0fvnf; 0efwdkUu ac:í tMudK;taMumif;udkjyoí tmPmay;rSwf&rnf? tmPmay;rSwf&m ay;tyfonfh pmcRefwGif xGufolwdkU0fudk vnf; r0ifapESifh? 0ifolwdkUudk0fvnf; rxGufapESifh? xGufol0if&vQif 0ifolxGuf&vQif? MuD;pGmaom &mZ0wfudk cH&rnf? ay;tyfonfh pmwGifoGif;í ay;? jrdK0ef 1? jrdK0fpma&; 1? axmifrSL; t0ef;wdkUudkvnf; ½Hk;wGifaeap? av&dyf rdk;&dyfudkMunfhí ouú'gef? oAÁmef? &JavS? uwåL? ppfuGyf? avSrSL; avSuGyf wdkUudk0f cefUxm;í aejidrfrSvmap/ eef;awmfrSmtwGif;0ef 1? oHqifh 1? apmifhap? vTwfrSm aoemywd 1? 0efaxmuf 1? apmifhap? pma&;MuD; toHk;pma&; 1pD aeap/ ouú&mZf 1000jynfh waqmifrHk;vjynfhausmf 5&ufaeU (15 October 1638) em;cHpajrmifrSL;xkwfí vTwfwGifjyefonfh trdefUawmf/ (rsdK;Munfh 1944? 98-171-7ay/ wufA[dk 45235) 402 (15 October 1638) iom;awmftjrifhpm;ESifh rif;&Jatmifwifqdk0fMuonfh pum;rSm tjrifhpm;onf crnf;awmfESifhtwl tdyfvdkonf tMudrfMudrf &Sdcdk;oHawmfOD;wifaomaMumifh rif;{u&mZfrif;ESifh om;awmfonf ql;ESifhbufouJhodkUodkU0fjzpfonf/ bufxufql;usvnf; bufaygufrnf? ql;xufbufusvnf; bufaygufrnf t&m&Sdívnf; nDawmf wdk0fESifhrtdyf? rif;&JatmifxifESifh tdyfygrnf avQmuf aomaMumifh iguyif tdyfapawmhqdk0frdacsonf/ tjrifhjrdK0fpm;onf vdr®maom olr[kwfbJ vsufyif rif;&JatmifxifarS;arS;&SdpnfvufeufpGJí oif;onf xm;ESifhxí ckwfonf/ [,fqdk0fí vuf0Jvufjzifh [efU&mwGif vufrMum;udk xm;oGm;usonf? temudk0faq;ukap/ rif;&Jatmifxifudk tEÅ&m,fjyKajc igapawmfrrl? igonftaMumif;udk rodyg? odygacsvQif r[morwrif;wdkUtm; xm;aom urÇmwHqmor®musrf;twdkif; a&mufygapawmh *wdqdkawmfrl\/ rif;&Jatmifxifvnf; pdwfrajy&Sdonf/ tjrifhpm;udk0f tvZÆDqJrsdK0frsm;pGm qdk0f í qJ&mwGifrS crnf;awmf rif;w&m;u tjrifpm;udk0fac:í armifoludkwifpm; acsaomaMumifh rdbrvGwfxdcdkufí&Sdonf? Anm;usrf;awm? eE´a,mwmwdkUudk0f ac:awmfrlí w&m;udk aqG;aEG;awmfrlvQif rvdr®maom vlolvmrS ra&mufaom olwdkU0fonf vdr®maomoludk0f usL;vGefonf[lí temw&jyKtHh? rvdr®maom olxuf tqt&mrdkufonf? ½l;aomvludk0f r½l;aomolu ykwfcwfacsaomf avsmfap/ tempGJaomoludk odvsufraumif;aom pum;udk0fqdk0facsaomf w&m;udkcHap? tusdK;tyJhudk tusd0ftyJhrqdk0f&? tuef;udk uef;onf rqdk&? qdkaomolwdkUu w&m;cH&acsonf? "r®owfjzwfxHk; pD&if½dk;pma[mif;pmwef; &Sdonf? &Sdcdk;oHawmfOD;wif&mwGif om;awmftjrifh rif;om;onf t&G,fodkU ra&mufao;? tjrifhrif;om;onf rif;&Jatmifxifudk usL;vGefonf[lí igawmif;yefaomfvnf; rcH? rif;&Jatmifxifu tvZÆDrMum;aumif; remom rdwdkifba&muf qJqdk0fonfh pum;udk0f rif;&Jatmifxifudk ac:í pD&ifxHk; "r®owftapmifapmifü aumufESKwfonfhtcsufrsm;ESifh aoemywdwdkUu qdk0f\/ rif;&Jatmifxifuvnf; onf;rcHEdkifí 403 (15 October 1638) a'goaygufonf acsqdk\/ tjrifhrif;om;ESifh rif;&Jatmifxifudk vufbuf a&SUawmfwGif ay;í ajyaeap/ (ouú&mZf 1000jynfhwefaqmifrkef; vjynfhausmf 5&uf) aeU (15 October 1638 ) trdefUawmf/ (rsdK;Munfh 1944? 98-171-7ay? wufA[dk 45235) 404 (15 October 1638) bkef;awmftvGeff MuD;jrwfawmfrlvSaom toQifb0&Sif rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; trdefUawmf&Sdonf/ nDawmfrif;&JausmfpGm oZD0uonf edZd0uodk0fa&muf aMumif;udk a&Tem;awmfMum;awmfrlonf/ aoemywd 1? 0efaxmuf 1? pma&;MuD; 1wdk0f tdrfodkU0f oGm;ípD&if? pD&if&rnfrSm bdk;awmf [Hom0wD qifjzL&Sif nDawmfawmifilrif;acgifwGif pD&ifonfh xHk;twdkif;wGif wvm;MuD;wvHk; ysnfudkurÜwfao;yGwfcsrf;owfap? a&TtwGif;jyifxnfhap? uwåDygeDrGrf;í ywåjrm;pD? a&TarSmfMuJap? tbHk;a&uefenf;wl? urÜwfudk0f ykZGefcGefrGrf;ap? urÜwfav;axmifhanmif&Gufa&Tom; &Spfcsyfudk0f ywåjrm;pDap? tbHk;enf;wl? pjrifwdkifxif;bD;xifeHUomxHkíxnfhap? oHuGef&Gufbdk0fcsif 12vHk;xdk0fap? ysnfcHkcsifyka&Txnfhap? txG#fiSufrem; wwfap? uwåDygrGrf;ap? av;awmifh aus;pnfwdkifxnfhap? a&TjrLwm 6vHk;? aiGjrLwm 6vHk;qGJap? ydwefoawmif vnfajymufxkwdkifajcmufacsmif;? uwåDygeDrGrf;ap? ysnfcHka&Tydwefvdkufap? ukAÇD xrif;usif;ap? ysnfcaemufwvm;udk0f vufusyfrap? tavmif;rSm oHvsif;ESifh aqmifap? vufyifhxD;jzL 4pif;tkyfap? pE´m;? ,rm;? a&TjrLwm? aiGjrLwm? a&Twaumif;? aiGwaumif;? a&Tycsyf? aiGycsyf? a&Tszsnf;? t½dk;uwåDygeD&pfap? pnfeD&SpfvHk;? aiGESJ? aiGc&m? yHkom? vifcGif;? pnfyvkwfpHk wD;ap? ,jrm;iifap? jrr®mywf 4qdkif;? rGefwvdkif;twD;tuwD;ap? tulawmfa&Tqdkif; 500? cgomtkyf 500? omvltkyf 500? zsif 100? vufbufacsmif; 1000? vufbufwif 12? aMu;ywfESifh aMu;wq,fhESpfwrf;? t½dk0fvG,fpD;&ef qif&JuESifh aygif;wif? qif&JurwifESifh tHk;tdyf&mwif qif 4pD;? iSufacs;cH a&TMuHqpf? txG#f a&TwHaqmif; xD;pdkuf oaxmifvnf ajymufxk? eDyg;xnfh? a&Tanmif&GufqGJ? rD;avmifwdkuf? wHcg;av;&yf? tavmif;pifxGiftkyfpD? waqmifa&SUOD;aemufOD;ESifh a0gteDwpka&T 2pk? usdKif;a&Tcsuf*? rif;aqmifawmf? pm;awmfuGrf;a&udkif? tavmif;awmfudk rif;omrnfjrif;rSHK;wdk0fxrf;ap? &efatmif jrifwHcg;uxkwfap/ 405 (15 October 1638) (ouú&mZf 1000jynfh wefaqmifrkef; vjynfhausmf 5&uf (15 October 1638) trdefUawmf/ b0&Sifrif;w&m;onf azgif;cRef0wfjzLESifh a0gawmfpD;í pH&mwHcg;u xGufawmfrlonf/ rD;wifvQif 0ifawmfrlonf/ xdkaeUoMuøawmfac:onf? t0wfjzL7&uf? opfMuuf7&uf 0wfaomcg/ aAgif;cRefqifawmfrlonf? eD;yg;ao;7&uf0wfawmfrlonfrS aygif;0ef; qifawmfrlonf/ (rsdK;Munfh 1944? 98-171-7ay/ wufA[dk 45235) 406 20 October 1638 bkef;awmftvGefMuD;jrwfawmfrlvSaom toQifb0&Sifrif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; trdefUawmf&Sdonf/ aemifawmfrif;w&m;om; rif;&Jatmifxif? om;awmfrif;&J ausmfxif? om;awmfrif;&Jausmfacgif? om;fawmfrif;&JoD[&mZm? om;awmfrif;&J oD[olwdkUudk0f taqmifa&Tusyfjrifrdk&f? vÇuftdk;? a&waumif;? bufpdrf; uawmhbHk;ustkyfusap? usdKif;a&Tcsufaqmif;ap/ pD;qif 10pD;? avSmfum; avSrSwfpif;vHk;jynfhiSufa&;ap? cifwk&iftrGrf;aysmufxk? wk&ifvGwf? [if;&efzl;? trdk0feDyg; xnfrGrf;ap? wufrteD? avSmfwuftjzL? avSmfvlaAgif;cRef;aygif;ap? yHkwdkifa&TusHqpf? tvHtxG#fa&TeDyg;?t(vH)OD;yJhpdkufap? vkifwdkifOD;yJhxnfhap? y&dwfcsnf5qifh? aiGusdK0faiGuawmh? atmifjzL5yGifhqGJap? vkifwdkifwGifaqmif xm;rnf o&DeuftdyfoGyfí xm;xrf;wdkUvdkufap? ppfcsDppfwufaqmifrnfrSm pnfjzL 5vHk;? yHkomESifh aus;c&m? aus;ESJ? ESJMuD;i,f 3? c&m 2? pnfyvkwf 1? vifuGif;1 wD;ap? igoem;awmfrlonf/ 0efwdk0fu ac:íjyef/ ouú&mZf 1000jynfh waqmifrHk;vjynfhausmf 10&ufaeU (20 October 1638) em;cHajymhMuD;rSL; jyefonfhtrdefUawmf/ (rsdK;Munfh 1944? 98-177-7ay/ wufA[dk 45235? *efUa*gtHhay) 407 1 November 1638 bkef;awmftvGefMuD;jrwfawmfrlvSaom b0&Sif rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; trdefUawmf &Sdonf/ rdk;0ef;jrdKUa&muf tcsDtoGm;cefUawmfrlonf? AdkvfrSL;oD&d"r®mrif;&J? oD&d"r®mrif;zsm;? oD&d"r®mrif;apm? oD&dr[mrif;apmwdkUudk cefUawmfrlonf/ OD;wnfyGm;u pD&ifaomjrdK0f&Gm eD;pyfonf? owd*wdESifh nnfhrIaeUrI jrJjrHvHkcsHK atmif tpGrf;owåd&Sdonfhtwdkif; pD&ifxrf;&Guf&rnfjzpfonf? ajconfol&J olcuf&JrufAdkvfygwdkUudk0fvnf; a&SUaemuftkyfpnf; rysuftxGuft0if t,Gif; t,dkr&Sdap&? MuyfMuyfwnf;wnf; rvpfr[if; r,Gif;r,dk&atmif tkyfuGuf pD&if? pD&ifcif;pD&ifzG,fa&mufvQif teD;ta0;raxmufrn§m pD&if&rnf/ &mZ0wfawmfonf tvHk;tjym; rodom? udk,fa&;udk,f&m vHkcsHKatmifESifh trIawmfta&; awmfoifhatmifpD&if/ wyfygaoemywd? 0efaxmuf? pma&;MuD;? &Jruf? vufeufudkifwdkUudk tusdK0ftaMumif;tjypfrsdK0fudkjyoí rjywfajymqdkwdkifyif&rnf? rwdkifryif tavQmufaqmif&Gufí trIawmfrajy &SdvQifvnf; inDawmfrsm;jzpfonf[lí &mZ0wfawmfudk xif&Sm;atmif rpD&if raeom pD&if&rnf? ygonfhol&Jolcuf vufeufudkifwdkUrSmvnf; wyfucGmí ta0;tvHt&SmtazGroGm;apESifh? xif;rIa&rI jynfh0avmufiHhatmif wufwGif;trsm;,laqmifxm;ap&rnf wyfwGif;xif;&Sdvsuf wyfucGmí ta0;tvHoGm;onfh ppfonf&JrufwdkUudk ppfaMumírSefvQif &mZ0wfawmfudk xif&Sm;atmifpD&if? uif;apmifhuif;ae tcefU txm;rsm;rSmvnf; rvpfr[if; r,Gif;r,dk&atmif cefUxm;jrJvlwdkUudk0f cefU xm;&rnf? a&S;xHk;pH tpOf&Sdonftwdkif; cefUxm;&rnf? a&S;xHk;pHtpOf &Sdonf twdkif; vJvS,foifhorQwdkUudk0f aus;Zl;opömawmfudk0f axmufEdkifarQmEdkifrnfh olwdkUudk0f MuyfMuyfwnf;wnf;rSmxm;í cefUxm;vJqdk0fapmifhaeap? trIawmf ta&;awmfudk0f tuRrf;tusifr&Sd owd*wdenf;olaomufonfh opöma&ü tusdK0ftjypfudk0frS rqifcsif aus;Zl;opömawmfudk rodonfholwdkUudk rcefUrxm; ESifh? awmfoifh&m&Ja&mifjrefrmonfhvl 20 vl 30 rjywfrvwf apmifhaeap/ tapmifhtaecefUonfvlwdkUrSm wyfawmfwrsufESmvQif vl 5a,muf 408 1 November 1638 wefonf? 10wefonf? wyfawmfESifh ig;&mwGif;uGmwGif vrf;rvrf;0vrf; aygufvrf;awGU&Sdwdkif; apmifhaeap/ ta&;taMumif; xifjrifvQif apmifhae olwdkU0fae&mu wa,mufpkwfoHMum;wa,mufESifhwa,mufMum; axmufwef½Hk toHay;&rnf? tapmifhtaecefUxm;olwdkU0frSm wyfrSL; ppfuJwdkUu cefUxm; onfhtwdkif; apmifhaeonf rapmifhaeonfudk0f wyfygpma&;MuD;wdkUu jrif;awmf onfwdkUudk0f olvQdKapyg; pHkprf;cefUxm;Munfh½Iap? cefUxm;onfhtwdkif; wnfí apmifhaeolwdkU0fudk0fxyfí rSmpmtyf? rwnfolwdkUudk0f AdkvfrSL; ppfuJwyfrSL; ppfuJwdk0fudk0ftyfí &mZ0wfawmfudk0f aemifr0Hhatmif ol&JolcufwdkUudk Munfh½I apí tqHk;t½IH; pD&ifuGyfn§yf&rnf/ wyfygjrif;qifwdkUudkvnf; rsufa&0vifatmifaeUudk wyfem;ywfvnf MudK0fudkifvlESifh aMumif;ap? nnfhudk0fwnnfhvHk;owwfEdkiforQ wtdk;pm;u vlwa,mufpDcefUí rsuf&dyfap? &onfhrsufudk0f auR;arG;ap? wyfrSL;ppfuJwyf pma&;wdk0fuvnf; t&yf&yfjrdK0f&Gmrsm;odkU &JrufwdkUudk ta&muftayguf r&Sd &atmif jrpfwm;&rnf? tvdk&SdvQif tvdk&SdorQwdkUudk0f aoemywd0efaxmufwdkU rSm tpD&ifcHí pmcRefay;rS pmcRefESifh apmfbGm;jrdKUpm;wyfaygif;pm;wdkUrSm ,lap? wyfrSL;ppfuJwdkUvnf; wyfygjrif;qifwdk0fudk0fq,f&ufwMudrfMunfh½I vSnfhywf í jrif;qifydefavQmhvQif ausmif;onfhvlxdrf;onfhvlwdk0fudk0f aemifr0hHatmif 'gPfcHap? 0vifonfh jrif;qifrsm;rSm uHauR;qifxdrf;wdk0fudk0f qkvyfcHap? jrif;pD;? jrif;onf? qifpD;? qifonf? ol&J? olcufwdkUrSm ta&;taMumif; &SdorQ jrif;wdkUudk0f pD;ap? ta&;taMumif; r&SdonfwdkUudk0f rpD;apESifh/ xm;vSHaoewf tajrmufav;pGJudkifolwdk0frSmvnf; rjywfrvwfjyifqifyGwfowfap? vufeuf Mud,mtyf&if; ut&mtcsufr&Sd? udkifolpGJolwdkUvufodk0f a&mufrS ysufpD; &onfht&mrsm;rSm tpD&ifcHí Mum;od&vQif pGJudkifonfholwdkUudk0f uGyf? wyfwGif;wyfjyif ywfvnf trSdKufpaom taqG;ta[mif;tpte rD;yGm; rD;aygufxdvQif tvsHjzpfí rD;awmufrnfh t&mrsm;udk r&SdapESifh? vSOf;cg okwfoif &Sif;vif;ap/ wyfwGif;wyfjyif rD;rSKxif;rIudk0f axmifrSL;t0ef; 409 1 November 1638 wdkUudk0f rjywfESdK;aqmfap/ eHeufwcsufwD;tcsdefudk0f wyfcsDrnfjzpfonf? eHeufav;csufwD;tcsdef udk0f csufjyKwfpm;aomufjyD;ap/ n(ae) oHk;csufwD;tcsdefudk0f wyfawmfcsrnf? oHk;csufwD;ausmf ajcmufarmif;udk0f csufjyKwfpm;aomufí jyD;ap? armif;oHay; ap? ESdK;aqmfí armif;oHay;onfhtcsdefuvGefonfh nae0ifudk0f MuufarG; Muuf awmifjzifh wdkU0fí prf;owfap? pGJuyfavmifvQif pGJuyfavmifonfh wyfrSL; wyfpma&;wdkUudk0fuGyf? nnfhtcgrSm wyfygwfvnf rD;tdk;ESifh apmifhí Munfh½I ajr§mfaxmuf&rnf? rD;aygufrD;yGm;wyfjyifwyfwGif;rSm rD;ESifh pyforQudk0f r&SdapESifh? wyfawmfcsí tdyfaeonfhumv AdkvfrSL;wyfrSL;em;cHwyf pma&; aoemywd 0efaxmufpma&;MuD;wdkU0f tnDtnGwf ta&;awmfudk0f axG;axmuf arQmfwif;í nav;csufwD;uonf nOfhESpfcsufwD;wdkif ajymqdk0f wdkifyif&rnf? pGJudkif&onfh "m;vSHaoewf &xm;vSnf;av;vTm;um'dkif; paom ud&d,mrsm; udk0f tvdk0fawmf&SdvQif &atmifudk,fESifh teDtyg; xm;ap? AdkvfwyfrSpí ygonfhtwyfwyfaoemywd 0efaxmufpma&;MuD;wdkU0f tdyfaeorQrSmvnf; w0uftdyfvQif w0uf rtdyfrae apmifhaeap? Edk;Edk;Mum;Mum;ododjrifjrif ta&;awmf ukefwGifatmifpD&if/ ouú&mZf1000jynfh ewfawmfväef; 7&uf AdkvfrSL;wdk0fudk0f ay;tyf&ef trdefUawmfudks em;cHajymhMuD;rSL;xkwfí vTwfwGifjyefonfhtrdefUawmf? (rsdK;Munfh 1944? 98-171-7ay/ wufA[dk 45235) 410 1 November 1638 bkef;awmftvGefMuD;jrwfawmfrlvSaom toQifb0&Sif rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; trdefUawmf&Sdonf/ aoemywd r[moD&daZ,ol&? 0efaxmufaersdK;ocF,m? pma&;MuD;wk&ifa0aomfwdkUu rSwfpmawmfrSmwyfawmf rSwfpmay;jrJay;&onf? nDawmfwdkUwGif qdk;oGrf;ysufacsmfí vsyfay:onfh vlwdk0f&SdvQif raeapESifh/ aoemywdwdkUu a0;pGmaom t&yfodkU0fydkU0f? wyfrSL;ppfuJwdkUwGif &Sdvnf; raeapESifh? a0;pGmESifxkwf&rnf? AdkvfrSL;ppfuJ em;cHwyfpma&;wdk0frSpí wyfyg jrif;rSL;rif;om;? apmfbGm;wdkU roifhrwifh&SdvQif ESpfbufudk0f ppf? usL;vGefvQif vGefaomolwdkU0,f? uReftMuD;wdkU0fudk0f xif&Sm;atmif &mZ0wfawmfudk0fpD&if? ppf0wfwHqm&mZ0wfcH&olwdk0frSm &SdorQudk0f odrf;xm;í aemifbkef;awmfaMumifh topfa&mufvSmonfh olwdk0fwGif &J&ifhjrefrmolwdkUudk0f ay;tyf&rnf/ ightrI awmfudk0f xrf;onfh nDawmfrif;om;jrif;rSL;apmfbGm;jrdK0fpm;wdkUrSpí ol&Jolcuf wGif tjypftavsmuf pD&iforQwdkUudk0f oifhwifhnDnGwfí trIawmfudk0f ukefwGif atmif MudK0fpm;tm;xkwfí xrf;&GufrnftaMumif;udk0f ESdK;aqmf&rnf/ cefUxm; í csDoGm;onfh wyfawmfwGif &mZ0wfrSIrSpí tvHk;pHktrIrsdK;ay:xGuforQwdkU0frSm nDawmfwdk0frpí apmfbGm;MuD;rif;om; jrif;rSL;ppfuJ pma&;MuD;wyfpma&;wdkU wnDwnf;aoemywdwdk0fudk0f wdkifyifí pD&ifoifhorQudk0f pD&if/ igha&Tb0g; awmfatmuf avQmufoifhonfudkavQmuf? trIawmfudk0f aus;Zl;opömawmfESifh tnD MudK;pm; tm;xkwfí ukefwGifatmifxrf;/ ouú&mZf 1000jynfh ewfawmfvqef; 7&ufaeU (1 November 1638) trdefUawmf/ (rsdK;Munfh 1944? 98-171-7ay/ wufA[dk 45235) 411 4 Nobember 1638 bkef;awmftvGefMuD;jrwfawmfrlvSaom toQifb0&Sif rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; trdefUawmf&Sdonf/ oD&d"r®mrif;apm aovGef&mrSm ysnftzHk;a&uefu urGwf em;udk yGwfcsrf;owfap? a&TykZGefcGefrGrf;ap? uwåDygeDrGrf;í a&TarSmfMuJap? ysnfcHkcsifyk a&Twdkif'g0dkif; ydwefwdkifajcmufacsmif; eDyg;xnf&pfap? oa[mif ajymufxk? ukwf[D;xrif;ylaZmfyGJ? pE´m;? ,rm;? a&TjrLwm? aiGjrLwm? a&Twaumif;? aiGwaumif;? a&TycsKyf? aiGycsKyf? a&Tzsnf;? aiGzsnf;? eDygxnf? t½dk0fudk pnf;ap? pnfeD6? yHkom? ESJ? c&m? tpHk? iSufacs;cH? 0g;zHk;4eDyg;xnf&pf? txG#fa&Twaqmif; a&TxD;pdkuf? oawmifvnf;eDygxnf ajymufxk? rD;avmif wdkufwHcg;av;&yf? oHvsif;? oHuGef&uf? zdk0fcsifav;pHk? qif4 t½dk0fvG,fvlESifh vlMurf;&? jrr®mqdkif;tu 4? rGefqdkif; tu 4? vufyifhxD;jzL a&Tcsufa&Tanmif &Guf 3qifhESifh t½dk0faq;a&;a&TqHcgayguf 1000? aygif;jyefa&SUOD; aemufOD;yg usdKif;a&Tcsuf4? aygif;jyefteDwpk a&TESpfpk? a&TbGJUawmf oD&dr[m"r®&mZol o em;awmfrlonf/ tulawmfa&Tqdkif; 25? cgomtkyf 40? omvltkyf 20? zsif 100? ykqdk0fxnf 50? vufbufacsmif; 100? aMu; 60 ulawmfrlonf/ 0efaxmufpma&;MuD; wdkUudk0f tdrfrSmpD&ifap/ tpDt&ifjyD;aMumif;udk0f &Sdcdk;oHawmfOD;wif&rnf/ ouú&mZf 1000jynfh eawmfväef; 10&ufaeU (4 November 1638) em;cHajymhMuD;rSL;xkwfí vTwfwGif jyefonfh trdefUawmf/ (rsdK;Munfh 1944? 98-171-7ay? wufA[dk 45235) 412 28 December 1638 bkef;awmftvGefMuD;jrwfawmfrlvSaom toQifb0&Sif rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; trdefUawmf&Sdonf/ [Hom0wDjrdK0f0ef rif;&Jausmfxif aovGef&mrSm rif;om;ae &maejzpfaomfvnf; a&Tb0g;awmfatmufwGifr[kwf? ta0;jrdK0f&GmrSm uHESifh avsmfpGmjzpfavonf/ ta0;jrdK0f0efrif;om;wdkU0f oj*ØK[fxHk;udk Munfhaomf rkwårjrdK0f0efrif; &Jpnfoludk0f oj*ØK[fonfh pmwef;rSm txl;oj*ØK[fawmfrrl? jrdK0fxHk;&GmpH &Sdonfhtwdkif; oj*ØK[fap/ a&Tem;awmfMum;&Sdcdk0f oHawmfOD;xyfí wif&mwGif txl;rcefUxm;om? jrdK0fxHk;&GmpH&Sdonfhtwdkif; oj*ØK[fap? xyfí trdefUawmfjyefonf/ [Hom0wDjrdK0f0efudk0f jrdK0fxHk;&GmpH &Sdonfhtwdkif; oj*ØK[fap/ ouú&mZf 1000jynfh wydkwGJvqef;5&ufaeU (28 December 1638) em;cHajymMuD;rSL;xkwfí vTwfwGifjyefonfh trdefUawmf/ (rsdK;Munfh 1944? 98-171-7ay? wufA[dk 45235) 413 28 December 1638 bkef;awmftvGefMuD;jrwfawmfrlvSaom toQifb0&Sifrif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; trdefU awmf&Sdonf/ ouú&mZf 674ckawmfovif;vjynfhausmf 10&ufaeU (26 August 1312) 0dZ,yl& yxrjrdK0fwnfrif;onf om;awmf ocF,mapm,Gef;udk aZ,yl& [laom ppfudkif;jrdK0fudk ay;onf? ta&SUjrpfodkUul;í oajyyifvsiftcsm;? taemufawmifrSaomf jrpfv,faMumwywf? ajrmifwdkif;MuD;cufcwnf;? om;awmfppfudkif;rif;u &apydkifap? rif;crf;awmfpHkESifh a&Tazmif? a&TavS? avSmfum;ESifh wuG xD;jzL4pif;? a0gMuD;usif;a&Tcsuf 8? pD;qif 6? ,nfom2? pm;awmfuGrf;a&udkif? xm;vdkuf? taqmifeD? aoGmufMuD;ESifh eef; 12 aqmifay; onf/ pma[mif;pmwef; a&Twdkufpm&if;awmf&Sdonf? ighom;awmf yif;wvJpm; udk0f tdrfa&SUaqmiftyf? rif;&JoD[ol? rif;&Jausmfxif rif;&JausmfacgifwdkUudk0f a0gyvmMudKif;MuD;a&Tcsuf 1pD? usdKif;i,f a&Tcsuf 2pD? pD;qif,nfom aygif;0ef; 1pD? avSmfum; a&TpufuGif;OD; 2yJh 5pD;ap? cifwk&if a&Twpk teD 2pkpDap? vufoif 1pD? ouú'gef 1pDtyf? "m;vdkuf pm;awmfuGrf;a&udkif tpHk? pnfeD? yHkomESifh7vHk;? aMu;eD? aMu;0g? c&m? ESJtpHk ay;tyf&rnf/ om;awmfwdkU tMuD; udk0f ac:í 0efwdkUujyefqdk&rnf/ ouú&mZf 1000jynfh wydkwGJvqef; 5&ufaeU (28 December 1638) em;cHawmfajymhMuD;rSL;xkwfí vTwfwGifjyefonfh trdefUawmf/ (rsdK;Munfh 1944? 98-171-7ay? wufA[dk 45235? *efUa*gtHh ay) 414 12 January 1639 bkef;awmftvGefMuD;jrwfawmfrlvSaom toQifb0&Sifrif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; trdefU awmf&Sdonf/ a&S;{u&mZfrif;jrwfwdkUonf odrfausmif;apwD ykxdk;rsm;udk0f 0wåKuHajr vSLawmfrl&mwGif ausmufwdkife,ferdwf rSwfpdkufonfh t&mrsm;onf toefUt&Sif;? odomonfht&m? |a&jzpfaomoCdu0wfajr rSwfausmufwdkif udk0f auwkrwDjrdK0f0efwdkUu &Sdcdk0foHawmfOD;wifcsufpmESifh ausmufarmfuif; apmifh Ekwfysuf&aMumif;udkygonf/ ausmfarmfuif;apmifh iwvGwfi,fudk xif&Sm;atmifpD&if/ ouf&SdoufrJhodrf;í wdkufawmfodkUoGif;/ iwvGwfi,fESifh tabmftbufwdkUudk ppfípD&if/ 0efwdkUupm oifhatmifrSm/ ouú&mZf 1000jynfh wydkwGJ vjynfhausmf 5&ufaeU (12 January 1639) em;cHpajrmifrSL;xkwfí vTwfwGifjyefonfh trdefUawmf/ (rsdK;Munfh 1944? 98-171-7ay? wufA[dk 45235) 415 (12 January) 1639 bkef;awmftvGefMuD;jrwfawmfrlvSaom toQifb0&Sifrif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; trdefU awmf&Sdonf/ aZ,yl&jrdK0fü? tEk½k'¨gr[m"dywdcHaom ocF,mapm,Gef;onf ajrmufbufwrmcg;jrif; 150? jyifpnfjrif; 150? ,lawmfrljrif; 150? vufa&G; MuD;150? vufa&G;i,fjrif; 70? jrif;onfMuD;jrif; 30? cufvHk;jrif; 30? apmyGwftdk;jrif; 30? aMumifoif;jrif; 50? jrif;aygif; 810udk0f (jrif;udk;oif; ouú&mZf 680wGif) bGJUonf/ ouú&mZf 684ck wydkwGJvqef; 12&ufaeU (18 January 1323) r[mOZÆe&mZm"dywdrif;w&m;bGJUonf yef;,jrif; 300? oifMuD; jrif; 300? anmif&rf;jrif; 300? w½kyfjrdK0fygjrif; 50? yk*Hjrif; 100? Zif;r,fjrif; 100? uRefawmfa[mif;jrif; 100? tdrfa&SUawmf ykcef;jrif; 100? '0,fjrif; 100? vifZif;jrif; 100? vHkayHgjrif; 100 (jrif;aygif; 1650udk0f) bGJUonf/ a&Tum 300? a&Tav; 300? ausmufaqmufjrif; 44pD;? vHbljrif; 30? oifawmifjrif; 100? &ufcefuefapmif;jrif; 30? a&SUjrif; 100? aemufjrif; 100? vuf0Jjrif; 100? vuf,mjrif; 100? tajrmufpk 150? aoGmufpkrSm a&TjrdK0fawmfaoGmuf? ajreef;aoGmuf? wefwm;OD;aoGmuf? b,ifcsDaoGmuf? oli,fawmfaoGmuf? tdrfom;awmfaoGmuf? aemuf0ef;usif aoGmuf? tpkpk aoGmuf? (pkckESpfpk)wGif wpkudk0f vlOD;a& 100pDbGJU/ avSoif;awmfrsm;rSmvnf; avSmfum;1pif;vQif vlOD;a& 100? axmifuJt0ef;avSrSL;ESifh? &JavSuwåLwpif; vQif vl 100? ppfuGyfyJheif;OD;xdk0fESifhbGJU? a&Teef;½dk0faoGmuf OD;a&vl 1000? tdrf a&SUawmfygaoGmufpkOD;a& vl 736? 4if;jrif;4pD;? t&yf&yfjrdK0f&Gm wdkuf0if aus;oD;jrdK0f&Gmrsm;rSmpcsD? pjrif? uvH? oHjyif? ajrwdkif;? ajrxdrf;wdkUudk0f t&yf&yfuygonfh tonf 300pDtyf&rnf/ a&Tjynfpdk; aZw&pfrSm t0tonf &if; 50&Sdonf/ &Srf;jynfygvlwdkUudk0f 50jznfhí tonf 100jynfhap/ bGJU/ tonfwa,mufvQif 12vwGif wvudk aMu;pif 2g 50d xrf;ap/ tonfpma&;wdkUu awmif;0wf 50day;ap/ qifwdkifrSm wvvQif aMu;pif 3g? awmif;0wf 50day;ap/ jrif;wdkifrSmjrdK0fxrf; 416 (12 January) 1639 tonfwdkU0fenf;xrf;ap/ b@mawmfrsm;rSm a&Twdkufawmf&Sd b@mudk0f vTwfu ta&;trSwf cefUxm;í ESdK0faqmfap? taemuf0efwdkU pD&ifeuf? eEGif;awmfbdk0f? aus;&Gmrsm;ueEGif;awmfrSHKU eEGif;wufoGif;ap/ wGif;oif;wdkuf? avSmfum; 3000wdkuf? wdkuf 2wdkufu waeUvQif nOfheHeuf [if;rsdK0f? [if;&Guf? opfoD;? ig;? ig;yd? ig;odkif;Murf;? MuufoGef? i½kyf? csif;? qDrsm;udk0f weef;vHk;oHk;aqmif avmufatmif oGif;ap/ pm;awmfqHrSm pm;awmfqHzGwfwdk0fuoGif;ap/ &Sifrd bk&m;rif;udk,fvkyf? tysdK0fawmfwdk0frSm jrdK0f&GmuoGif;ap/ vufyg;ap? tvyfap? tMurf;apwdkU0f &du©mqHrsm;rSm usD0efuay;ap/ toHk;awmfwdkufu qD? qm;? ig;ydwdkUudk0fay;ap/ jyó'fawmfrSm rD;yGifhudk0f0if; 4&yf a&T"g; ouú'gefpku xGef;n§dap/ za,mif;wdkifrS waqmifvQif 12wdkif 10wdkif 8wdkif 6wdkif wefonfudk0f axmufí yef;wnf;wdkUu oGif;ap/ 0efwdkUpD&if/ ouú&mZf 1000jynfh (wydkwGJvjynfhausmf 5&ufaeU) (12 January 1639) em;cHajymhMuD;rSL; vTwfwGifjyefonfh trdefUawmf/ (rsdK;Munfh 1944? 98-171-7ay? wufA[dk 45235/ *efUa*gtHhay) 417 28 March 1639 bkef;awmftvGefMuD;jrwfawmfrlvSaom toQifb0&Sifrif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; trdefU awmf&Sdonf/ awmifil? rkwår? ppfawmif;? yJul;? ykodrf? 'v? w&d*rÇ? oa&acwå&m? jrifpdkif;? yef;&? ppfudkif;? ykuHxD;aqmif;eef;aewdkU0f tEG,ftrsdK0f t½dk0fwdrfjrKyfonfh rif;om;rif;EG,fwdkUudk0f &SifaxG;wdkUaoGmuf? &SifusdKif;wdkU aoGmuf? eE´oD&daoGmuf? eE´pnfolaoGmuf? aZ,ocF,maoGmuf? aZ,Owår aoGmuf? Anm;'vaoGmuf rSmxrf;&Gufap/ aqGawmfa[mif; rsdK0fawmfa[mif; wdkUudk rif;EG,frqdk0fom/ aoGmufzGJUawmfrlonf/ xrf;&GufjrJrqdkom/ aoGmuf pm&if;ESifh xrf;&Gufap/ ouú&mZf 1001ck uqHkvqef; 7&ufaeU (28 March 1639) pajrmifrSL; xkwfí vTwfwGifjyefonfh trdefUawmf/ (rsdK;Munfh 1944? 98-171-7ay/ wufA[dk 45235) 418 15 April 1639 bkef;awmftvGefMuD;jrwfawmfrlvSaom toQifb0&Sifrif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; trdefU awmf&Sdonf/ ykPÖm;ynm&Sd trwfynm&Sd tif;awmfa&; rEÅeform;wdk0f taemuf u0ifxGufí rEÅefpkESifh a&SUajreef;awmfwGifom avQmufxm;&ef &SdorQudk0f wGufcsufwdkifyifí woHHwnf; jyifí wnDwnf; avQmufap/ ouú&mZf 1001ck aw&o"dr®mofoifhonf/ uqHkv&ufpHk? e,Hkv &ufrpHk? yxr0gqdk0fv&ufpHk? 'kwd,0gqdkv&ufpHk avsmufonfh t&mrSm auwkrwDjrdK0f q&mawmfvuFm&Z*k½k? oD&d&mZ*k½kq&mawmfwdku avsmufoifhonf?0efaxmufpma&;MuD;wdkY0f twGif;0ef oHqifhoH cHem;cHrSwfom; í avQmufap/ ouú&mZf 1001ck uqHkvjynfhausmf 10&ufaeU (15 April 1639) trdefUawmf/ (rsdK;Munfh 1944? 98-171-7ay/ wufA[dk 45235) 419 25 April 1638 bkef;awmftvGefMuD;jrwfawmfrlvSaom toQifb0&Sifrif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; trdefU awmf&Sdonf/ a&TjrdKUawmftwGif; jyifae&onfh 5oG,faepaom trnf& trSL; tMuD;? pma&;? pmcsDwdkUonf? "r®owf? &mZowf? &mZyHk? &mZxHk;wdkUudk wwfod vdr®mí uRrf;Muifoolvnf; &Sdonf/ rvdr®m? rwwfoolvnf;&Sdonf/ MunfhrSwfí tzktqpfudkrod? pum;vmpum;oGm;wGifom &dwfí w&m;pum; r&Sdonfudk qifajctcsKyftESKyftiifudk raxmuf? pdwfMudKuftrIonf wbufodkUxH pdk;aus;aiGudk iJhí txufcsKyfwdkif; rwnf&? tjcm;EdkiftHhaom oludk ½SHK;atmifpdwfapwem raumif;cdk;aMumifvdkaom oabmESifh csKyfESKwfí a&ikwf? cJxdk;? qH0g;? ESKyfxGufw&m;aoav;yg;odkU a&mufatmif MuHpnf jyKvkyfí aumufcsufESifh pD&ifonfrsm;rSm wdkif;a&;jynfa&;ESdKuf xdkjynf xdkjrdK0f xdkt&yf xdka'owdkUonf acsmHjcm;í rdk;r&Gm? urÇmpum;&Sdonfrsm;udk ul;oef;í rpD&ifapESifh? rSL;rwfwdkUrSm cHkorwfpma&;apyg;oolwdkUudk tusdK;taMumif;udk jyoí Edkifeif;atmif jrpfwm;&rnf/ w&m;pum;rIwdkUudk "r®owfjzwfxHk; tvHk;pHkrsdK;wdkUudk awmfwnfhrSefuef atmif pD&ifap/ &mZ0wfpum;rsm;rSm vufraxmufrSL;wdkUu pD&ifap/ pm;onfjrdKU&GmwGif &mZ0wfpum;xGufvQif jrdKUpm;&Gmpm;wdkUu pD&if/ rjyD;jywf vQif vTwfodkUwif/ t&yf&yfjrdKU&Gm a&Tb0g;awmfatmufwGif pD&ifí jyD;jywfonf w&m;pum;rsm;rSm avsmfypfavsmf'Pfudk axmufí uGrf;bdk;wuf? vufaqmif awmfrSm w0uft&mawmfoGif;ap/ uGrf;bdk;rSmvnf; w0uft&mawmfoGif;ap/ t&yf&yfuif;uwdkUqdyfwnfyGJ taumuftpm;rsm;rSm &onfwGif q,fcdkifwcdkifaumHjywfolwdkUudk,lap/ useforQudk t&mawmfjzpfap/ avSjywf olwdkU,lap/ aMu;aiGrcHrawmif;apESifh/ aMu;aiGawmif;cH&rnfrSm avS 1vQif MuD;i,fudkaxmufí 10d? 5d? 2d 2H? 1d 1H? 3H? 2Hwufouf aumufcHap/ vSnf;OD;rSm wpD;vQif aiG 1H? 420 25 April 1639 EGm;0efwifrSm wwifvQif 1L aumufap/ uif;rSmavSabmifavS0wdkif;wmí avS0wawmifvQif aMu;50d aumufcHap/ uif;wdkUrSm vufaqmifwifap/ t&yf&yfjrdKU&Gmwdkuf0ifaus;&GmtonfwdkUudk toHk;awmfudkcHap/ t&Gyf tuGyfom;wdkUudk rcefUxm;apESifh/ t&yftuGufom;wdkUrSm iga'opm&D vSnfhawmfrlonfhtcdkuf MuHKrSjrdKUwHcg; 9&yfjyMuD;jyi,frsm;wGif oli,fcsif; wpk wefonf ESpfpkwefonf aygif;&Sufí vufeufud&d,mESifh nOfhaeUpGJudkifí apmifh aeap/ romrI? omrI? qGrf;a (rsdK;Munfh 1944/ 98-171-7ay? wufA[dk 45235/ *efUa*gtHhay) 421 11 September 1639 bkef;awmftvGefMuD;jrwfawmfrlvSaom toQifb0&Sifrif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; trdefU awmf&Sdonf/ awmifil? awmifrJwvH u&ifEG,fvlpk 100wdk0fudk0f yk*Hjynfudk0f tpdk0f&aom e&ywdpnfol tnmwjyifodk0f csD&mwGif anmifa&TjrdK0f r*fvmeef; wGif ouú&mZf 535ck owif;uRwfvqef; 2&ufaeUwGif(9 September 1173) aiGcGHawmfqufap bGJUawmfrlonf/ aiGcGefawmfpkom;wdk0fs ysnfysm;jyifem;ae wdk0fuvnf; qufap/ yef;&nfu&ifwdk0fu a&TcGefawmfqufap/ ouú&mZf 536ck owif;uRwfvqef;10&ufaeU (6 September 1174) vl100wdk0fudk0f xyfí a&TcGefaiGcGefawmf qufcefUawmfrlonftwdkif; pm&if;ustif;usom;awmf tdrfa&SU&Hyif;wvJrif;om; 0efpma&;wdk0fudk0fac:í 0efwdk0futyf&rnf? tdrfa&SU rif;rSm ay;csdefap/ ouú&mZf 1001ck awmfovif;vjynfhausmf 10&ufaeU (11 September 1639) jyefonfh trdefUawmf/ (rsdK;Munfh 1944/ 98-171-7ay/ wufA[dk 45235) 422 8 September 1640 eef;½dk;aiGcGefawmfonfwdk0fESifh a&pmawmf? aea&mifjyolESifh eef;½dk0ftcGefonfwdk0f oifhaevQif eef;½dk0ftcGefawmfonf aoí tarGqdkifMuaomf vifaor,m;pm; tcsif;rsm;Mu&mwGif ouú&mZf 1002ck 0gacgifvqef; 7&ufa5aeU (14 July 1640) oufawmf&jrwfpGmbk&m;a&SUawmfwGif opfndKolMuD; touf 80oludk opömawmfusrf;wdkufí eef;½dk0faiGcGefawmfonfwdk0f xHk;ar;aomf aoGmufpk wdk0f ESifhjzpfap? jrif;awmfonf qifawmfonfESifh jzpfap oifhaeMuí vifaoaomf r,m;aoaomf tarGpm;wdk0f tcsif;rsm;í &SdMuvQif eef;½dk;cGefawmfonf a,musfm;jzpfap? rdr®jzpfap eef;½dk0faiGcGefawmfonfuyg&if; Opömudk0f tjcm;xm; jyD;rS rdr®u yg&if;Opömudkvnf; tjcm;xm;jyD;rS eef;½dk0fcGefonf aovQifom;ajr; t&mqufí xrf;olr&SdvQif nDjzpfap tpfudkjzpfap? cGefawmfonf vifaoí vift&mudkpdkufí xrf;olESifh r,m;tarGqdkMuaomf r,m;uygonfh Opömudk jcm;í xm;jyD;rS vifuyg&if;Opömudkvnf; cGefawmfudk pdkufxrf;ool&onf/ 2yg; pHkjyKí jzpfyGm;onfhOpömudkrlum; t&mawmfpdkufxm;oolESifh r,m;ESifh wa,mufw0ufa0apí ,lMu&onf/ xrf;&mv,fudkvnf; xrf;olw0uf ,lMuonfudk txufpD&ifonfudkvnf; Mum;bl;\/ uREkfyfwdkUvnf; pD&ifawmh onf/ awmifol&GmolMuD; touf 80olESifh 4if;anmif0ef;olMuD; touf 73ESpfol 4if;wrmcg;olMuD; touf 55ESpfol? 4if;a&rsufolMuD;? 4if;ioa&muf olMuD;wdk0fESifhwuG 5a,mufom;udk0f opömawmfusrf;wdkufí ar;aomf opfndK olMuD;xGufqdk0fonfhtwdkif; xGufqdk0fonf/ opfndKolMuD;ESifh &Gmom,mpm; ruReficspfvS? 4if;vifESifhr,m;udk0f tcGefawmfxrf;oGif;cJhí &Gmom,mpm; tarGudk0f awGUMu&mwGif eef;½dk0fcGefawmf onfxHk;? tarGa0½dk0fudk ppfar;aomf? opfndKolMuD;u oufaonTef;ool awmif&GmolMuD; iaqGarmifudk opömawmf usrf;wdkufí ppfaomf xGufqdkonf? ioa&muf eef;½dk0fcGefawmfonf tarGa0½dk0fxHk;tpOfonf? trdtbwGifom; a,musfm;r&Sdí om;rdr®om&SdvQifvnf; tcGefawmfaiG 423 8 September 1640 udk0f rdr®xrf;&Guf&awmhonf/ pnf;pdrfOpöm&SdvQifvnf; tcGefawmfudk0f xrf;oolom odrf;,l&onf/ wyg;wjcm;tarGrcH&acs/ pnf;pdrfOpömr&SdvQif rdoufboufxrf;Mu&awmhonf/ om;csif;&SdvQuf uRefudk xrf;&cefU& t½dk0f r&Sdacs/ jynfuawmfudk0f opömusrf;wdkufí ar;aomf xGufqdk0fonf/ ioa&muf eef;½dk0faiGcGefawmf tpnfonftwdkif;udk0fvnf; om;xrf;&awmhonf/ trdwdkif udk0fvnf; orD;xrf;&awmhonf/ om;a,musfm;r&SdvQif om;rdr®trdwdkif tbwdkifudk0f xrf;&awmhonf/ om;rdr® r&SdvQif om;a,musfm;onf trdwdkif tbwdkifudk0fyif xrf;&awmhonf/ pnf;pdrfOpömudk0fvnf; t&mpdkufxdkufool ,lí pdkufxrf;&awmhonf/ pnf;pdrfOpömr&SdvQifvnf; tcGefawmfaiGudk rvTJom acs/ xrf;&awmhonf/ armifwGifom;ajr;r&Sdaomfvnf; ESrqufí xrf;&awmh onf/ ESrom;ajr; r&SdvQif armifqufí xrf;&awmhonf/ wyg;taqGtrsdK; onfvnf; bdk;qufbGm;quf tcGefawmfqufvQifvnf; n§dícH&awmhonf/ aus;uRefudkum; t&SiftaqGtrsdK0fom;csif; ajr;aomf tcGefawmfxrf;olwdk0f pdwfwlMuvQif uRefyifjzpfaomfvnf; tcGefawmfudk xrf;&\/ pdwfrwlvQif rxrf;&acs/ a&rsufolMuD;udk0f ar;ppfaomf xGufqdk0fonf/ ioa&muft½dk0ftpOf onf tbwdkif trdwdkif&SdvQif tbwdkifudk om;xrf;&onf/ trdwdkifudk orD; xrf;&awmhonf/ tbvGefcJhvQifvnf; w0rf;aygufolESronf pnf;pdrfOpöm&Sd vQifvnf; tarGcH&awmhonf/ ESrvGefí om;qufajr;quf r&SdvQifvnf; armifonfESr pnf;pdrfOpöm&SdorQudk0f cH&awmhonf/ om;csif;ajrabmf&SdvQufudk udk,fpm;xrf;[lí wyg;wjcm;udk rcH&acs/ icspfvSuoufaonTefool &SdrdrsdK0favSmufudk0f opömawmfusrf;wdkufí ar;aomfxGufqdk0fonf/ ioa&muf t½dk0ftpOfonf tbwdkifudkvnf; om; xrf;&awmhonf/ trdwdkifudkvnf;orD;xrf;&awmhonf/ armifaoí om;ajr; qufcHrnfhol r&SdvQifvnf; ESrxrf;&awmhonf/ ESraoí om;ajr; tqufr 424 8 September 1640 &SdvQif uRefudk0f t&Sifhudk,fpm;[lí tcGefawmfudk0f xrf;&onfudk0f tuREkfyf wdk0f rMum;pbl;acs/ t&Sifom;ajr;abmf tarGcHrnfhol pdwfwlvQif xrf;&\/ pdwfrwlvQif rxrf;&acs/ yOöif;rdaESmif;udk0f opömawmfusrf;wdkufí ar;ppfaomf xGufqdk0fonf/ ioa&mufeef;½dk0ftpOf om;ajr;qufí xrf;&Guf&awmhonf/ om;ajr; r&SdvQif pnf;pdrfOpömudk0f odrf;,loolxrf;&awmhonf/ uReft&Sifhudk,fpm; xrf;&onf udk uREfkyfwdk0frMum;/ uREkfyfwdk0fudk0fvnf; uRefESifhbuf&bl;onfr&Sd/ 4if;rxD;olMuD;rudk0f opömawmfusrf;wdkufí ar;aomf xGufqdk0fonf/ ioa&mufeef;½dk0ftpOf onfom;ajr;qufí xrf;&awmhonf/ om;ajr; r&SdvQif Opömonf;pdrfudk0f odrf;,lool xrf;&awmhonf/ uRefudk0f t&Sifudk,f pm; xrf;&onfudk0f usEkfyfwdk0frMum;/ uREfkyfwdk0fudkvnf; bufxrf;&bl; onfr&Sd/ 4if;rxD;olMuD;rudkopömawmfusrf;wdkufí ar;aomfxGufqdk0fonf/ ioa&mufeef;½dk0ftpOfonf tbwdkifjzpfvQifvnf; tbom;vnf; tbwdkif udk0f xrf;aeonf/ tbpnf;pdrfOpömudk0fvnf; tbom;w0uftrdorD;w0uf tarGpm;udkpm;&í aiGwdkifukdvnf; ,l&\/ armifaoí nDom;r&SdvQif ESrxrf; &onf/ ESrwGifom;ajr;r&SdvQifvnf; armifxrf;&onf/ onfrlum;ESrMuD; ajr;jzpfoolonf tcGefawmfudk xrf;&awmhonf/ uREkfyfwdk0fuRefESifht&mxrf; [lí uREkfyfwdk0f rawmif;rcH/ ajr;jzpfool ta0;tvH&SdpOf uREkfyfawmif;ESifhí ajr;jrpfa&mufjyD;vQifvnf; ajr;udk uREkfyfcHí tcGefawmfudk0f oGif;awmhonfudk0f xdkrdr®ajr;wpk cGefig;a,mufteufom;aovQif rdr®av;a,mufacgif;wGifom wifawmhonf/ a,musfm&SdrS rqdk0fomacs/ onfav;a,mufteuf wa,muf aojyefvQifvnf; oHk;a,mufacgif;wGif wifjyefawmhonf/ a,musfm;&SdrS rqdk &acs/ xGufqdk0fonf/ ouú&mZf 1002ck owif;uRwfvqef; 4&ufpaeaeU (8 September 1640) jAJwdkufawmf 425 8 September 1640 odk0f xGufawmfrl&mwGif ioa&mufaiG tcGefonfESifh aea&mifjyrom;ESifh oifhí tcGefawmfonfaoí? tarGudkqdk0fMu&mrSm tMuD;wdk0fudk0far;onf/ tpOf &Sdonfudk0f oHawmfOD;wifaomf 0if;awmfom;udk,f&Hawmf[lívnf; qdk0f&jcdrfh onfavm0f/ &mZowf"r®owf[lívnf; qdk0f&jcdrfhrnfavm0f/ olwdkUt½dk0ftpOf &Sdonfudk0fvdkuf&jcdrfhrnf[lí bkef;awmftvGefMuD;jrwfawmfrlvSaom toQif b0&Sifrif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; trdefUawmf&Sdí tpOftwdkif; xHk;udkar;ppfí pD&ifxHk; udk0f a&;ul;onf/ (rsdK;Munfh 1944? yk 617/ 98-171-7ay/ wufA[dk 45235) 426 29 April 1641 ouú&mZf 1003ck e,Hkvqef; 1&ufaeU (29 April 1641)t0jrdK0fwGif rD;avmifonf/ 1003ckwMudrfavmifjyef&mwGif jrdKUwGif;wGif owif;oHk;aeukef aom &[ef;oCFmwdkUudk ½Hk;odkUyifhí ppfaMum&mwGif yef;&atmifwyfausmif; r[m&wemu&q&mawmfu arwåmpmqufoGif;onf tcsufwGif? r[morw rif;wdkUrSpí tjynfjynfawmif xD;aqmif;eef;pH jrefrmOD;pGef;xGef;orQ rif;{u&mZfwdkUv¬uf &[ef;wdkU0fonf upm;í aeaomfvnf; rjypfrSm; tyfaom oljzpfí raemuHrQ r&Sdtyf/ xHk;um; e&ywdpnfol rif;MuD;onf azgifESifha& obifpH&mwGif &[ef;wa,muf ig;rQm;í aeonfudk0f &[ef;yif ig;jrm;onf [laom pdwfawmfa&muf&mwGif raemuHjzpfí jypfrSm;rdaomaMumifh pD;awmf rlaom abmifawmfwefU&yfonfht&mudk0f ,ckppfudkif;wGif wefUwDbk&m;wGif onf/ xdk&[ef;udk0f uHawmhylaZmfawmfrlrS abmifawmfoGm;jrJoGm;onf/ a&S;pum;pOf&Sdonf/ jrdKUwGif;wGif &[ef;oCFmwdkUudk0f ½Hk;odkU0fac:í ppfonf tcsuf? jrdK0fwGif;uonf jrdK0fjyifyef;,ppfudkif;odkU ausmif;rsm;udk0f ajymif;csD rnf tMuHawmf&Sd&mrSm usrf;*efudk0f axmufaomf oHCduausmif; yk*¾vdu ausmif; pmoifausmif; pwk'Domausmif;[lí ausmif;av;&yfudk aqmufolwdkU0f q&mtm; wifvSLaomcga&pifoGef;í a&pufr[myx0Dxufusí ESpfodrf;av; aomif;aom ajrtxkwdkifjyHUavonf/ t0Dpdwdkifxdonf/ vlewfwdkUom"kac: onf/ i&Jowå0gwdk0f uHoifholuRwfí pkefoGm;avonf/ xdkausmif;wdkUudk0f ae&mrSm rajymif; rcsDoifh/ ajymif;csDacsaomol\ trSKonftukodkvftm;MuD; avonf t&mwdk0fudk0fvmonf/ ,©Kppfawmfrlonfh&[ef;wdkUwGif jrefrm&[ef; rsm;wdkUudk0f ESKwfawmfrl&onf/ &Srf;? ,Gef;? ,dk;',m;? '0,f? weoFm&D? wvdkif;? ukvm;paom vlrsdK0fwdk0f &[ef;jyKonf/ &[ef;omraPwdkUudk ppfawmfrltm;&SdvQif ausmif;odkU0f apí wdkufoabFmtMuD; a&SUar;jref;awmfrl/ ESKwfxGuftwdkif; rSwfap/ vTwf½Hk;uac:í &[ef;oCFmwdkUudk rppfraMumoifh/ wEdkifiHuMum;aomfvnf; jrefrmEdkifiHü &[ef;oCFmudkrQ r,Hk&? bk&m;ocif omoemuG,fjyD[laom t,loabma&muf&monf/ xdk0fodk0fa&muforQonf a&ajr&Sifonfy 427 29 April 1641 uwlyjyK&onf/ olonf taeojzpfí tausmftapmaumvm[v roifh jzpfonf/ ausmif;rsm;ESifh apwDykxdk0f ½kyfxka&S;wnfxm;orQwdkUudk0f e½dku ,m,Drjzpfapoifhonfudk0f tjrJrSwfawmfrlygonf jzpfaomaMumifh &[ef; wdkUudk0f vTwf½Hk;uac:í rppfESifh? ausmif;rSmomar;jref;ap/ 0efwdkUupD&if/ (rsdK;Munfh 1944? wufA[dk 45235) 428 24 January 1642 bkef;awmftvGefMuD;jrwfawmfrlvSaom toQifb0&Sifrif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; trdefU awmf&Sdonf/ '*kPfapwDawmfudk0f wdkif;wmvQif bdeyfawmf tawmif 200 &Sdonf/ ukefonfnDaemifwdk0fonf Ouúvmbrif; w&d*krÇrif;wdk0fonf ,ckwdkif;wmonfh twdkif; wnfxm;onfavm/ &mrnü tpdk;&aomrif;wdk0f vufxufxyfí wnfoavm0f/ txufwnf&if;apwDyrmPonf '*kPfapwD &if;wGif om"dujyaom apwDawmfvnf;&Sdonf/ xdk0fapwDawmfenf; apwDwnf xm;í tjrifh7F xD; t0 2F 1d? oMunfbHkqifhrsm;wGif e0&wftjynfhpDaom xD;awmfudk rnfonfhrif;wGif vSLbl;oenf;/ xdktaMumif;rsm;udk0f odomatmif teE´"ZtEk½k'¨g q&mawmfwdkUudk vTwfodkU0fyifhí ar;avQmuf&rnf/ q&mawmfwdkU rdefUawmfrlonfh t&mrsm;udk rSwfom;í 0efwdkUuoGif;/ ouú&mZf 1003ck wydkwGJvqef; 5&ufaeU (24 January 1642) em;cHpajrmifrSL;xkwfí vTwfwGifjyefonfh trdefUawmf/ (rsdK;Munfh 1944? 98-171-7ay/ wufA[dk 45235) 429 16 February 1642 ouú&mZf 1003ck wydk0fwGJvjynfhausmf 13? 4aeU (16 February 1642) 0denf;"d&fausmif;&yfü aqmufaom ausmif;wumrudk0f ½Hk;awmfodkU0fac:í jyefonfh trdefUawmf/ bHkoHk;cGifESdKuf vlewfjA[®mowå0gwdkUonf qif;&Jcsif; om? csrf;omonf[lí r[d? oaX;MuD;ig;yg;pMum0a'; rEÅwfrif;? ewfrif;MuD;? oMum;? jA[®mrif;jzpfonf/ bk&m;yapöuAk'¨m? &[EÅmolawmfaumif;wdkUü qHk;r cHí aumif;pGmoDvaqmufwnfbl;onf aumif;rIvSL'gef;ylaZmfbl;onf tusdK0fonf tcdkufMuHKí ay;vwfaomcg tvdk0ftwdkif; jzpfEdkifaom oaX;MuD; pMu0a'; rEÅwfrif; ewfrif;MuD; oMum;rif; jA[®mrif;tjzpfudk&onf/ aumif;rI tusdK0fMuHKonfhtcdkufjzpfonf onftusdK0fjzpfonf a&yGufí vHkrfvHkrfazG;azG; ay:orQomonf a&yGufonf aysmufjyefpifavouJhodkU aumif;rI tusdK0fpHpm;&onf onftjrJr[d? edAÁmefomvQif csrf;omcsif;jrJonf/ edAÁmefcsrf;omudk0f&onfrlum; bk&m;yapöuAk'¨m &[EÅmjzpfrSom edAÁmefcsrf;om udk0f&onf/ jriforQool'dkU tvSLaumif;rI jyKonfum; aumif;rItusdK0fjzpf&m aMumif;udk0fom &[ef;oljrwfwdkU0f a[mawmfrlygonf/ a[mawmfrlaom twdkif;yifjyKaom tusdK0faumif;rIonf onfuaovQifyifjzpfonf r[kwf rjzpfEdkifaumif;rI tusdK0fudk0f bk&m;jrwfpGm a[mawmfrlí &[ef;oHCmwdkUonf qifhí a[mjyefawmhonfwum;? yodkUaMumifh tusdK0frcH&rnfvnf;qdk0frl aumif;rItusdK0f cH&aomcg cH&bl;avonfudk0f oAÁnKnmPfawmfjzifh jrifawmf rlonftwdkif; a[mawmfrlvdkonf? aumif;rI tusdK0fcH&avoolonf ty,fav;yg;i&J? jydwåm? w&dpämeftol&u,f0,faumif;rIjyKvsufyif jzpfav onf/ ra&wGufEdkifonfhudk0f taMumif;rpyfí a[mawmfrrl? tvSLaumif;rI vlwumwdkU0fjyKvQif &Sifbk&m;rsm;tusdK0fudk a[monfjyKonf vSLaomtvSLudk o'¨mygap 0rf;ajrmufygaponf þtusdK0fonf 0goemygygap[lí a[monf twGufom? {&m0wDjrpf a&udk0f oJwqkyfESifh a&rpD;atmifq,fonf jyKouJhodkUom? wnfpri,fausmif; aqmufonfonf? opfa&Gonf? xkyfavsmufcGJonf? jyifudkifonf? ausmif;&mcif;onf? jirf;aqmufonf? wGif; wl;onf? opfilonf? trGHcsifydwf 430 16 February 1642 wifonf? ausmif;wifrnf? onfrsm;udk0f e&umjyKonfrsm;onf? Muuf0uf t&ufESifh r[kwfavm? ausmif;wumr[lícHonf? olac:rS 0rf;ajrmufonf? onfrsm;onfaumif;rI jyK&mwGifyif raumif;rIrSDuyfí ygvmonfr[kwfavm? ausmif;aeoHCmawmfudk0f iq&m[lí ac:onf? tdrfaqmuf&maqmuf pyg;xif;rD;xifavmifvQif tvSLcHonf oHCmawmfrSm wynfhac:acsonf/ 0efp,frD;xif;vGwfatmifESHacsonf/ emzsm;vQif aq;0g; tvSLcHrSmudk0f awmif; acsonf/ riryg 0rf;enf;onf[lí jyKacsonf/ 0wfqGrf;0wf[if; ,lwGifrSmvdkufonf/ ryifyJhudk0f q&m[lí tdrfodkU0f tvmcHonf/ onfrsm; onffausmif;aqmufí oHCmawmfudk0f q&marG;onf[lí jyKygvsufyif q&marG;onf tjypfraumif;rIrSm ty,fav;yg;\ taMumif;onfodk0faMumifh jzpfjyefonfr[kwfavm/ ausmif;aqmufí oDvvnf; &[ef;tusifh,Sdrnf? wynfhwyef;udk qHk;rrnf? pdwfESifh rnDvQifESifjzdK0frnf? pmayusrf;*efvnf; wynfhudk0foifrnf? udk0faomfvnf; oifrnf? vloltwJraercHrnf? wum? wumrvmvQif ygPmwdywfol toufudk0f rowfESifh? olowfom;owf vrOf? t'dEé'gef okOpömudk0ftvdk0fr[dESifh rcdk;ESifh? olcdk;0fjyefzsufjyefvrnf? okom;tdrf&mudk0f rjypfrSm;ESifh? a,musfm;rjzpfyJ rdef;rrjzpfyJ jzpfrnf/ rdrdom; r,m;udk0f olzsufqD;jyefvrnf? ty,fav;yg;wGiffvnf; cH&rnf? rkom0g' rSefudkqdkvQif acG;aumifykwfuJhodkU0f cHwGif;ykyfrnf? qdk0forQudk0fom;ajr; aus; uRefwdk0faomfvnf; rwnf[drnf? taumif;qdk0faomfvnf; olremvdk0f r,Hk[d rnf? ol&mar,ao&Of ao&ufudk0f aomufvQif ½l;rsdK0ftjypf½l;csif? vQmMuD;í pum;ryDcsif;? t½kyf\MuOfzG,fr[dcsif;odk0fonf tjypfonfty,fav;yg; i&Jonfjyif jzpfcsif;jzpfonf? wumESvHk;oGif;? apmifh[lí a[mcsif;? qHk;rcsif; aocsif;ESdKuf rvGJomao&jrJjrJ? onfuaovQifjzpfaumif;t&mrSm Zmwdjzpf jyefavonf/ Zmwdjzpf&mrSm Asm"dtemESifh ruif;? Z&mwa&GUwa&GU ½kyf"mwf ysufí tdk&csif;? r&Pao&csif;odkU0fESifh odkU0fESifhomwdkU0f oligbkrfoHk;cGif0,f [dorQonfjzpfukefonf? edAÁmefomt 431 16 February 1642 jrJtwnf? csrf;omjzpfonf? edAÁmefqkudk0fawmif;? igonfvlom;bk&m; tusifh udk0fusifhí bk&m;wynfhom;jzpfí wumonf ausmif;? qGrf;? oifuef;? uGrf;? vufbuf? aq;0g;? ypönf;av;yg;jzifh vSLonf? vkyfauR;onf? onfbk&m; wynfhom;oHCmawmf[lí vSLcsif;vkyfauR;csif;onf jrwfpGmbk&m;udk0f vSLonfrnfonf? edAÁmefqkudk0fawmif;rS aumif;rI\ tusdK0fMuD;onf[lí a[majymqHk;raom &[ef;onf &[ef;aumif;? ypönf;av;yg;vSLayonf vkyfauR;ayonf[la&GU wumudk0far;í prf;í oyfí jyKaom &[ef;onf? jrwfpGmbk&m;tjypfawmfwifí ypfpGefUawmfrlool? &[ef;ayg? wumonfvnf; vSL'gef;zG,fESifh yef;aygufaygufESifh q&modkU0f oGm;í bk&m;wynfhom; oHCmawmf [lí vSL'gef;ylaZmf\/ tuRefEkyf ruHkrwwfEdkif[lí rqdk0frrSwf? vSL'gef;vkyfauR;ygonf? bk&m;w&m;ESifh avsmfpGmusifhawmfrl pmayusrf;*ef oifMum;awmfrlyg[lí ESK0faqmfcsif;onf onfolawmfaumif; tvSL'g,um qdk0fonf? onftwdkif;jyefonf/ (wufA[dk 45196) 432 (16 February 1642) vGefavonf oljrwfwynfh"r®&oDoljrwfwdkUudkvnf; (ouú&mZf 1003ck wydk wGJvjynfhausmf 13&ufAk'¨[l;aeU(16 February 1642)) vnf;aumif;? ulawmfopfbk&m; p&yfodkUyifhí jyefonfhtrdefUawmfum; iSufaysmwnfpri,f onf o'¨gí 0denf;"& wynfhom&rOÆLudk ausmif;aqmufí vSLonf? trsdK; awmfcsif; aus;Zl;[dcsif; i,f q&mjzpfcsif; rSDcdk&rnfrSwfcsif; pnf;pdrfOpömESHcsif; r[davoHo&mudk&nfí oHCmawmf[lí o'¨gí aqmufvSLaom ausmif;onf bk&m;&Siftm;vSLonfrnf\ ausmif;ae om&rOÆLonf vGefcgeD;vSLtyfcJhaom om&rOÆLoHCmtm;vSLjyD;í tm&d,jywfjyD;onfom&rOÆLausmif;jzpfjyD;í om& rOÆLay;tyfonf [daomfausmif;udk owif;oHk;ydkif\ ausmif;wumronf tusdK;taMumif; aus;Zl;Oyum&udk axmufí raqmufausmif;rD;avmifavvQif oHCmawmf[l&nfí aqmufvSLavonfhausmif; ausmif;aeonf ray;tyfonf ESifh o'¨gíaqmufonf ausmif;jzpfonf omoemawmf0,f bk&m;&SifqHk;r tusifhawmfudk usifhwnfaom usrf;*efodjrifaMumif; oifMum;Edkifcsif; odjrifonfhtwdkif; usifhcsif;y&d,wåd y#dywådudk jznfhaom bk&m;wynfhom;tm; o'¨gygrnf[lí ausmif;wumronf bk&m;&Sif omoemawmf0,f usdK;MuHí aqmufonfh ausmif;bk&m;&Sif omoemawmfudk xrf;aqmifao y&d,wåd y#dywådudkjznfhaom &[ef;udkausmif;wumr o'¨gvdkvwffonf ausmif;ae om&rÚÆLwynfhwdkUonf t&yfausmif;udk [efUcsif;qD;wm;csif;udk rjyKomacs bk&m;&SiftrdefUawmfudk 0denf;usrf;0,fvnf; ausmif;wdkuf0,f &[ef;wdkUvnf; [dvsuf&[ef;tusifh0denf;odu©mudkoifMum;csif; vdr®mcsif; yg#drkwfjycsif; odu©myk'fawmfnDaMumif; odwif;oHk;abmf *dkPf;oHCmudk qHk;rEdkifrnfh tpGrf; [davmqHk;roifMum;EdkifpGrf;aom &[ef;tm; csD;yifhí qHk;renf;em cHcsif; jyKtyf onfudk 0denf;awmf0,fvmonfESifh ausmif;wumr? y&d,wådy#dywådudk jznfhaom oludk o'¨gvdkvm;onfudk &[ef;wdkUom"k ac:ayawmhavm? ZmwdZ&mr&P ESdyfpufcsif; oHo&m0#fqif;&J MoCt,Ofudk ul;cyfvG,f aMumif;vl\ wb0rkqdwfqHjzwfy,fí vl\t0wfrS uGJjym;aMumif; tpdyfpdyf qkwfí zef&nfpGrf;aom oifuef;udk0wfí t&[wår*fjzifh ul;cyfaMumif; 433 (16 February 1642) usifhjyD;onf wrHkUorm; yJhwufudkifí ul;cyfaMumif; aqmifydkUcsif;onf y&d,wådy#dywådjznfhaom t&mom q&mrnfonf&Sifvdkvdkufpdwfvdkvdkuf q&monfum; q&mr[kwfwefvQyfudk a&[lí jyonfhozG,fom? onftrdefUawmfrsm;udk q&mawmft&Sif &weu&bkef;MuD;bk&m;udkvnf; avQmuf&onf? q&mawmft&SifwdomoeaZmwbkef;MuD;bk&m;udkvnf; avQmuf&onf/ (wufA[dk 45196) 434 18 February 1642 q&mawmf t&Sifr[m&weu& bkef;MuD;bk&m; rdefUawmfrlonf/ 0deOf"dk&f wumydkif; jzwfbdonf/ wumawmfa&ajrodcifrif;w&m;udk0f pmqufygrnf jyefvSmonf/ 0denf;odu©mESifhavsmfaom ausmif;&[ef;r[kwfMu jzpfaom aMumifh igrqdkcsifbl;/ a&ajrocifrif;w&m;wdkUonfvnf; jynfolwdkU\trI tusdK0fpD;yGm;udk pD&ifawmfrlonfESifh omoemawmf 5000wnfatmifaom trI udk MudK;awmfrlonfESifh rvyfbl; rdefUawmfrlbdrnf rxif[lí qdkvdkufayonf/ &[ef;wdkUu avQmufrnfhtaMumif;udk qdk0fvSmuwnf;uyifrlum; w&m;rif;MuD; pdwfawmf[douJhodkUyif igpdwf[dawmhonf/ rGufíom rqdkonf iSufaysmwnfpri,fonf a&SUaumif;rIMuD;ESifh jynfhpHkool? raumif;rIuH zsufavírlum; olqif;&J trsdK;ü jzpfonf/ uHay;&maom oabmonf? umva'oOyÜwåd? ya,m*oifhrS ay;Edkif&monf? xdktaMumif;wdkUwGif rif;aumif;umvESifh MuHKavonfonf umvoifhonfrnfonf/ omoemawmf wnfonfh t&yfwGifjzpfonfonf a;ooifhonf rnfonf/ pdkufpdkufrwfrwf ukodkvfaumif;rI jyKavonfonf ya,m*orÜwådrnfavonf? þodkUvQif w&m;apmifhaom w&m;rif;MuD;[laom rif;aumif;umv? omoemawmf wnfaom t&yf[laom a'o? omoemawmfwGif;ü ausmif;aqmufaom ukodkvf[laom ya,m*ESifh jynfhpHkaomaMumifh tusdK0fMuD;ayrnhf iHhaom a&S;uHonf ay;avaomaMumifh w&m;rif;MuD;onf odkUpifaom ay;awmfrkcsif; csD;ajr§mufcsif;udk0f cH&awmhonf[lí od&awmhonf w&m;rif;MuD;/ q&mawmf t&SifwdomoeaZmwbkef;MuD; rdefUawmfrlonf? w&m;rif; jrwfrdefUawmfrlouJhodkU0f ,ckvlwdkUonf tnrn Oyum& tcsif;csif;aus;Zl; jyKMuEdkifonfudk0f taMumif;jyKí tvSLay;csif;onf o'¨m'gerajrmuf o'¨mí tvSLay;onfrrnf? a*[odwayrtwåaom wPSmudk0frSDí jzpfaom cspfcsif; jzifhom vSLayMuonf? y&rwåo'¨mw&m;\ udpör[kwf? y&rwåo'¨mw&m; um; uHuH\tusdK;udk pdkufpdkuf,HkMunfívSLcsif;? tvSLcHyk*¾dKvf\ oDv*kP tp[daom aus;Zl;Edkuf MunfndK0fojzifh vSLcsif;? þESpfyg;omvQif o'¨m'ge 435 18 February 1642 ajrmufonf/ yaóe'daumovrif;MuD;onf wuúbaEÅ'geHtwAÜH? &Sifyif bk&m; tb,fyk*¾dKvftm; tvSLudkay;&moenf;[lí ar;avQmufaomcg? ,wår[m&mZpdwåHyoD'wd? uwå'geH'gwAÜH? [lí a[mawmfrlaom rku©ywf ygVdy'fESdKuf? pdwåHyod'wd[laom yk'f\t&onfvnf; tvSLcHyk*¾dKvfwdkU\ oDv*kPtp[daom *kPfESKdufMunfaom o'¨mw&m;om&onf? yaoe'daum ovrif;MuD;onf jrwfpGmbk&m;ajzawmfrlaom yXrtajzawmfudk Mum;vQif uwåbaEÅ'dEé'geH r[AÜvH? &Sifyifbk&m; pdwfMunfaom yk*¾dKvftm; tvSLudk0f ay;&m\[líum; a[mawmfrljyD? pdwfMunfwdkif; Munfwdkif;yifvSLaom tvSL\ tusdK0fonfMuD;rnfavm[lí ar;avQmufjyefaomcg? *kP0aEÅokacgr[m&mZ 'dEé'geHr[AÜvH? tb,fyk*¾dKvftm; tvSLudk ay;&moenff; [lí rif;MuD;ar; aomaMumifh pdwfMunfaom yk*¾dKvftm; tvSLudkay;&m\ [lí iga[mawmf rlonf? tb,fyk*¾dKvftm; tvSLay;aom tusdK0fMuD;&moenf; ar;&mrSmaomf um;? *kP0EÅyk*¾dKvfwdkUtm; vSLaom tvSLonf tusdK0fMuD;\ a[mawmfrl onf onfw&m;awmfESifh nDpGm uRef;awmiSufaysmwnfpri,fonf *kPfaus;Zl;ESifh jynfhpHkaom tvSLcHyk*¾dKvfESdKuf MunfndKaom o'¨mw&m;jzifh uHuH\tusdK0fudk0f pdkufpdkufrwfrwf ,HkMunfaompdwfjzifh vSLaomtvSLudk w&m;rif;jrwfonf om"kac:awmfrljcif;onf þw&m;awmfESifh nDpGm ywåm Ekarm'em[laom yknud&d, 0w¬Kaumif;rI tusdK0fMuD;jrwfvSonf w&m;rif; jrwf? ouú&mZf 1003ck waygif;vqef; w&uf 6aeU (18 February 1642) 0denf;"d&fausmif;wumrudk0f rif;om;rif;ajr;rSL;abmf rwfawmfwdkU0f abmifwGif ½HkrfawmfxufodkU0f ac:í jyef[lí bkef;awmftvGefMuD;jrwfawmfrlvSaom t&Sif b0&Sifrif;w&m;Asm'dwfawmftwdkif; jyef&aom trdefUawmf/ (wufA[dk 45196) 436 (18 February 1642) jrwfpGmbk&m;a[mawmfrlonf/vlwdkUxGefaom tpkHrfaomxGefonf? ork'´&m a&wGifygaví ua&muyg; ysufpD;aví &SOfjrifvwfaomcg raqG;rysufyJ vlwdk0fvkyfjyefouJhtwdkif; vSdKif; 0JESdKufjzpfjyefí ESpfw&mrS wcg ay:aom vdyfuef;vOfESdKuf EGm;0,fwufouJhodkU0f wyfrdcsif;onf jzpfjim;&m\/ vltjzpfudk0f&rnfonf xdkxuftvGefcJvSonf? cJaomtjzpfjzifh vljzpfjim; aomfvnf; bk&m;jzpfawmfrlaomtcgESdKuf MuHKrfrdrnf tvGHcJvSonf? ,if;odk0f jzpfjim;aomfvnf; todynm o'¨mMunfndKcsif; jzpfrnfonf tvGefcJvSonf? ,if;odkU0fjzpfjim;aomfvnf; bk&m;&Sifudk0f rsufarSmufbl;jrif&rnf tvGefcJvS onf? bl;jrif&jim;aomfvnf; &[ef;yOöif; tjzpfudk0f&rnf tvGefcJvSonf? þodk0fjzpfcJcsif; ig;yg;udk0fa[mawmfrlonf? vljzpf&onf tvGefjrwfvSonf? jrwfygvsufvnf; bk&m;a[mawmfrlonfudk0f 0goemryg? &wemoHk;yg;ESdKuf rMunfndKonfh olrlum; taomif;wGif wa,muf? todef;wGif wusdyfrQom? tvSLay;ausmif;aqmufygcsOfwum;qdkzG,f? jzpfcJaMumif;onfudk0f\ tjypfonf? tem\wnf&mwa&GUa&GU½kyf"gwfabmufjyefí qdk0f;axmiftdk0f&csif;? vifrsm;om;ajr;cspfolcifom;pOf; pdrfcsrf;om\ ,Gif;yifysufpD;csif;aMumifh pdk;&drfaMuuGJcsif;? aMumifhMujcif;? ESvHk;romjcif;? idkjrnfwrf;csif;? udk,fvnf; aojyef&csif;? Zmwdjzpfcsif;aMumifh Z&mAsm"dr&Pom tjrJjzpf\/ rif;pMum0a';rEÅwfrif;? oaX;MuD;? ewfoMum;jA[®mtjzpfjzpfjim;aomfvnf; uHruHkonfhtcdkufom? uHukHrfcJhvQifaumif;aom tjzpfonf twnfr[d? edAÁmefomtwnf[dcsif;? csrf;omcsif;jrJonf? edAÁmefcsrf;omudk0f &rnftaMumif; onf 'geoDvur®Xmef;tjrJatmufarhcsif;? apmifhcsif;? vSLcsif;jzifh tbefbef jzpfcsif;? tdk0fcsif;? emcsif;? aocsif;uif;aom edAÁmefqkudk0f &vdk0f\[lí edAÁmefudk0f&nfrSwfí avmbjzifh rawmfjyKcsif;? &Syfpm;jzifhwvdrfwv,fjzifh wyfpgrf;csif; rjyKyJ? w&m;ojzifh v,fvkyfcsif;? uHkoG,fcsif;? auR;cscsif;jzifh? vSLcsif;onfrsm;aom toD;t&rSefaom aumufysdK0fESifhwl\/ tvSLcHonfs jrwfpGmbk&m;vnf;aumif; 437 (18 February 1642) yapöyAk'¨m bk&m;vnf;aumif; &[EÅmvnf;aumif; jzpf\/ ,if;odkU0f rMuHKaomf vnf; bk&m;&Sif qHk;rawmfudk0f rsufpdudk0fxdrnfpdk0fouJhodkU qHk;rawmfudk0f apmifhíusifhaom y#dyÜwåd a[mawmfrlaom w&m;awmfudkrSwfcsif;? yGm;jyefUatmif oifMum;csif;[laom y&d,wådESpfyg;pHkaom ykxkpOf &[ef; aumif;tm;vnf; aumif;? ,if;odkU0faomf tvSLcHonf v,fajraumif;ozG,f jzpf\/ tvSLay; onfh tpGrf;vHkUv0d&d,jzifh vkyfaqmif0Hhaom v,fvkyfozG,fjzpf\/ o'¨mcsif; [d\/ MuJcsdefpdkufcsdef? a&xkwfcsdef? a&oGif;csdefumv tcsdeftudk0f odwwfcsif; onfudk0f\ jzpfysufavmuxHw&m;udk0f ESvHk;oGif;csif;? edAÁmefcsrf;omudk0f tvdk,Sdí vSLcsif;onfjzpf\/ ,if;odkUaom tvSLay;\ aumif;rIonf enf;jim;aomfvnf; twdkif;rodaom tusdK0fudk&\/ aumif;aomv,fajr vHkUvvkyfpGrf;csif;/ vkyfqpfMuHqpfodcsif;uJhodkU0f odcsif;? rsdK0fESifhtwl vSLrnfh ypöOf;vnf; odef;\ tvSLcHvnf; jrwf\/ udk,f\tjzpfudk0f pufqkyfcsif;jzifh aumif;rI tusdK0fudkodcsif;? edAÁmefudk0f&nfí vSLcsif;? odkU0fonf tvSLudk0f bk&m;taygif;wdkUqdk0fonf csD;rGrf;awmfrl\/ xdk0faMumifh 'getvSLonf jzpfcJ vSonf/ rnfonfudkrwyfiJhyJ? tvSLcHjrwftm; pl;prf;&SmazGí w&m;ojzifh jzpfaom ypönf;jzifhaumif;rI tusdK0fudk0f ,HkMunfpGm edAÁmefudk0f&nfíom vSLcsif;onf bk&m;&Sifudk0f rsufarSmufvSL&onfESifhwl\ [lí bk&m;taygif; wkd0fonf a[mawmfrlonf? odkU0faMumifh vSLMuorQonf tvSLrrnf? taqG cifyGef;twHkUtvSnfh qufqHouJhodkUy? &m*wPSmavmbESifh wyf&Snfí vSLMuonfomrnfonf? tonfwnfpri,fonf ausmif;rD;avmifay;aom &[ef;udk MudK0fMuHí ausmif;aqmufí vkyfauR;onf vkyfauR;aom oljrwfonf vGefcJhvQif igMudK0fMuHygí aumif;rIjyKí vkyfauR;ygonf vGefcJhonf ,ckvkyfauR;í aumif;rIjyKyg&rnfonf pmayusrf;*ef oifMum; ygrnf? &[ef;pm&dwftusifhnDygrnf oHCmawmfudk0f vkyfauR;ygrnf? vkyfauR;ívGefaom ausmif;ae oHCmwynfhwdkU0fonf tysdK0ft&G,f usrf;*ef oifMum;csif;? &[ef;t&d,m tusifhudk0f qkr®yJhjyifcsif; rpGrf;Edkif? pmayusrf;*ef oifMum;í &[ef;tusifhudk0f qHk;ryJhjyifEdkifaom &[ef;tm;vSLí vkyfauR; yg&aomf? r 438 (18 February 1642) uHkuHkaMumif; rwwfEdkifwwfEdkifaMumif; vHkUvtm;xkwfí ausmif;aqmufí ypönf;av;yg;jzifh vkyfauR;yg&aomf aumif;rItusdK0f;onf MuD;ygrnf[k trnfwOfí ausmif;udk owif;oHk;rnf? bk&m;wynfhom; oHCmtjypfudk a&G;cs,fí vHkUvjyKonfbk&m; omoemawmfESdKuf'g,umryif rnfayonf? rnfaMumif;onf jrwfpGmbk&m;oQifonf oufawmf&Spfq,fom aeawmfrlonf? 0goembm*Dvdkufaom owå0gwdkUonf bk&m;&SifudkrrSDusefavonfudk *½kPm awmfjzifh tESpfig;axmifü ig\o&D&"mwfawmf? ½kyfxkawmf? iga[mawmf rlaom w&m;awmf? oHCmawmf? "mwf½kyfxk? iga[mawmfrlaom tusifhudk0f aumif;pGmusifhaom qHk;rawmftwdkif; wnfatmif usifhaom ykxkZOfjrwfaom oHCmonf tESpfig;axmifwdkifatmif iga[maomw&m;udk tpOfrjywfatmif oifcsif;? rSwfcsif;? y&d,wådy&dywåda[mawmfrlaom w&m;awmfqHk;rawmftwdkif; aumif;pGm wnfatmif usifhaom y#dywådy#d,wådwnfí? y#da0"[laom 0#fqif;&Juif;aom edAÁmefodkUa&mufaMumif; þodkU0fomoemawmfoHk;yg;udk vlewfjA[®mowå0gwdkUtm; oHo&m0#f ty,fav;yg;odkU0f pHkarQmMucsif;udk0f edAÁmefodkU0f u,fwifawmfrlaom u½kPmawmfjzifh omoemawmfoHk;yg; xm;awmfrlonf? þodkU0f omoemawmf0,f pmayoifí udk,fudk0f odrf;qnf; í aumif;pGmusifhaom &[ef;udk0f vkyfauR;ygrnf[lí &nfrSwfMudK0f;MuHonf? igtonfawmfiSufaysmwOfpri,fonf? igbkef;awmfaMumifh awGUonf? bk&m;&SifomoemawmfESdKuf tvSL'g,umrjzpfayonf/ igtm;&awmfrlonf/ tifwufawmfrlonf? ig0rf;ajrmufawmfrlonf? om"kac:awmfrlonf? igjynfol wdkUwGif iSufaysmwOfpri,fuJhodkU0f jzpfcJ\/ [dcJ\/ omoemawmfESdKuf tvSL'g,umrayyif? tvSLawmfaMu; 200? oapö; 100? ajreD 10? o'¨m"r® trnfESifhwuG qkawmfydwf? omvltkyf? i½kyf6? jcOfoifawmf 3? eHUom 1? ypöH;? yHkwvdk0f 3tkyf? igqkawmfudk0f tvSLvnf; ay;toufvnf; arG;rdefUawmfrl onf/ (wufA[dk 45196) 439 22 May 1642 bkef;awmftvGefMuD;jrwfawmfrlvSaom t&Sifb0&Sifrif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; trdefU awmf&Sdonf/ 1003ck e,kefvqef; 1&ufaeU (29 April 1641) jrdKU0fwGif;udk rD;avmifonf 1004ckjrdK0fwGif;udk rD;avmifjyef&mwGif &[ef;oCFmawmf t&d,mwdkUudk0f 0efwdkUu ppfar;onfh t&monf jrr®m&[ef;wdkUudk0f rppfESifh? rGrf&[ef;,Gef;&Srf;uonf; ,dk;',m; '0,fweoFm&DjrdK0frsm;u a&mufonf vlwdkU0fjrdK0fwGif;ausmif;rsm;rSm &[ef;jyKonf? omraPjyKonf? oDvonf owif;onf jyKonfrsm; tpkwdk0fonf q&morm; tqHk;tr toGeftoif tjytotajymtqdktrdefUt>rufwdkUudk0f cHaomfvnf; em;r0ifoolrsm;onf? wjrdK0fuaeaom &[ef;wdkUudk0fcHaomfvnf; em;r0ifoolrsm;onf? wjrdK0fu aeaom&[ef;wdkUudk0f ppfaMumonf? oifh\/&[ef;wdkUjyif aeUnnfh0ifxGufí jrdKU0fwGif;rSm tvkyftaqmif txrf;tydk0ftudkiftiifta&;tom; trwfwdkUu ac:í apyg;cdkif;cefUonf trItvkyfonfwdk0fudk0fvnf;ppf? ppfcsufwGif rMum; rod xGufqdkvQif rSwfom;í oif;wdkUudk0f tkyfcsKyfonfh tMuD;wdkUudk0f aeUnnfhjrdK0fwGif;odkU0f 0ifxGufcef;yif &Sdaomfvnf; pma&;i,fwdkUu pmay;rS 0ifxGufap? jrdK0fwHcg;rSL;wdkUudk0f jrdK0f0efpma&;wdkU0fu pmay;tyfap/ ouú&mZf 1004ck e,Hkvqef;5&ufaeU (22 May 1642) trdefUawmf/ (rsdK;Munfh 1944? 98-171-7ay? wufA[dks 45235) 440 (22 May 1642) ouú&mZf1003ck e,Hkvqef;1&ufaeU (29 April 1641) t0jrdK0fwGif;rD;avmif onf/ 1004ck (1642) wMudrfavmif(jyef)&mwGif jrdKUwGif;wGif owif;oHk; aeuHkaom &[ef;oCFmwdkUudk ½Hk;odkUac:í ppfaMum&mwGif yef;,atmifwyf ausmif;r[m&wemu& q&mawmfu arwåmpmqufoGif;onfh tcsufwGif r[m orwrif;wdkUrSpí tjynf jynfaxmifxD;aqmif; eef;pHjrefrmOpGef;xGef;orQ rif;{u&mZfwdkUvufxuf &[ef;wdkU0fonf upm;í aeaomfvnf; rjypfrSm; tyfaomoljzpfí raemuHrQ r&Sdtyf? xkrf;um; e&ywdpnfolrif;MuD;onf azmif ESifha&obifpH&mwGif &[ef;wa,mufig;rQm;í aeonfudkyif ig;rQm;onf [laompdwfawmfa&mH&mwGif raemuHjzpfí jypfrSm;rdaomaMumifhpdwf (jypfrSm;) awmfrlaom (ae&m( abmifawmfwefU&yfonf t&mudk ,ckppfudkif;wGif wefwD bk&m;wGifonf/ xdk&[ef;udkuHawmhylaZmfwmfrlrS abmifawmfoGm;jrJoGm;onf a&S;pum;pnf&Sdonf? jrdKUwGif;wGif &[ef;oCFmwdkUudk ½Hk;odkUac:í ppfonf tcsuf? jrdKUwGif;uonf jrdKUjyifyef;,ppfudkif;odkU ausmif;rsm;udk ajymif;csDrnf tMuHawmf&Sd&mrSm usrf;*efudk awmufaomf oHCduausmif;yk*¾vduausmif; pmoifausmif; pwk'domausmif;[lí ausmif;4&yfudk aqmufolwdkU q&mtm; wifvSLaomcg a&pifoGef;í a&pufr[myx0Dxufcsí 2odrf; 40000 ajrtxk wdkifjyHavonf/ t0Dpdwdkifxdonf? vlewfwdkUom"kac:onf? i&Jowå0gwdkU uHoifholuRwfí pkefoGm;avonf? xdkausmif; 4&yfwdkUudk ae&mrSrajymif;rcsD oifh? ajymif;csDacsaomfol\ trIonftukodkvftm;MuD;avonf t&mwdkUudk vmonf? ,ckppfawmfrlonf? &[ef;wdkUwGif jrefrm&[ef;rsm;wdkUudk ESKwfawmfrl &onf? &Srf;4a,mufwdkUudk ae&mrSrajym? wvdkif; ukvm;paom vlrsdK;wdku &[ef;jyKonf &[ef;omraPwdkUudk ppfawmfrltm;&SdvQif ausmif;odkUapí wdkufoCFmtMuD;a&SUar;jref;awmfrlonf ESKwfxGuftwdkif;rSwfap? vTwf½Hk;uac: í &[ef;oCFmwdkUudk rppfraMumoifh/ wEdkifiHuMum;aomfvnf; jrefrmjynf jrefrmEdkifiHü &[ef;oCFmudkrQ r,Hk&bk&m;ocif omoemuG,fjyD[laom t,loabma&muf&monf? xdkodkU a&muforQonf a&ajr&Sifonf yuwly jyK&onf? olonf 441 (22 May 1642) taeoejzpfí tausmftapmaumvm[v roifhjzpfonf/ ausmif;rsm;ESifh apwDykxdk0fa&S;wnfxm;orQwdkUudk e½dk,m&Drjzpfapoifh onfudk rjrJrSwfawmfrkygonf jzpfaomaMumifh &[ef;wdkUudk vTwf½Hk;uac:í rppfESifh ausmif;rSm ar;jref;ap/ 0efwdkUu pD&if/ (ouú&mZf 1004ck e,kefvqef; 5&ufaeU (22 May 1642) jyefonfh trdefUawmf) (rsdK;Munfh 1944) 442 24 May 1642 bk&m;uRefawmf0ef&SifawmfeE´a,mfwm? eE´oMuHwdkU &Sdcdk0foHawmfOD;wifonf bk&m;? q&mawmfwdkUudk0fyifhí bk&m;trdefUawmftwdkif; ar;avQmufvQif oHk;vl txG#f oAÁnKbk&m;onf omuD0ifrsdK0fjzpfaom bk&m;ocif bdk0fawmfr[m tOÆerif;MuD;jzdKaom uvd,k*aumZmouú&mZf 103ck uqHkvjynfhaeU bk&m; jzpfawmfrlonf? wvESifhwq,fhudk;&ufjynfhoaeU&mZ&wewGif ukefonf nDaemifwdkUtm; ZrÁL'DyguRef;ü omoemawmfwnf&m rZösdra'o tpGeftem;rsm; (pGm) ra0;aom od*Fkwå&ukef;ü aumuúoH? a*gP*kPf? uóy? a*gwr? t&darawå,s ig;qlaom bk&m;&SifwdkU0fonf rpGefUtyfy&duHpaom &wemjrwf wdkUudk0f xm;&mjzpfaom ukef;jrwfü &Spfacsmif;aom qHawmfwdkUudk0f apguf tawmif&Spfq,fjyKí ork'´&ma&ESifh trQZrÁL&mZf a&TnTefvkyfaom oabFmjzifh ,EÅ&m;pMufmoHvsufjyKí xm;&rnf? txl;xl;aom e0&wfrsdK0fwdkUudk0f jynfhap í oHk;vltxG#f bk&m;ocif t&yfawmfESifhtrQ bdeyfawmf tawmif 80 wnfaomcg oMum;rptyfaom tkwfwdkU0fjzifh ykvJxHk;EGm;EdkU0faumfwdkU0fjzifh e&yawvkyfapí wzkóyvdu nDaemif Ouúvmyrif; w&d*krÇrif; &mrnrif; uloDre&rif;wdk0fESifh Muyfrwnfxm;onf/ tar;awmf&Sdaom? xD;awmf2F1d? apmuf 7F1d? bHk7qifhoMunfhywåjrm;tjynfhpD? xD;awmfudkwifí udk;uG,fpdrfh aomiSg ukefonf nDaemifwdk0ftm; oMum;pwkavmuygvmor®mewfwdk0frSm xm;í prÁL'DyguRef; od*Fkwå&ukef;ü ausmfaompGm xif&Sm;í udk,fawmfxif&Sm; &SdpOfu tyfawmfrlaom qHawmfudkvnf;aumif;? qHawmfXmyem&m apwDawmf udkvnf;aumif;? xD;awmfudk0fvnf;aumif;? csD;jr§ifhjyKpk&aom rif;wdk0fonf t&darawå,sbk&m;wGif &[ef;jzpfí tuRwfw&m;&csifaom apwem&Sdonf? &[EÅmjzpftHh? or®morÁK'¨qkudk0f tvdk0f&Sdvnf; Asm'dwfcH&tHh[lí ewfwdkU0f ESKwfxnfhvdkufojzifh ukefonfnDaemifwdkU0fwnfaom apwDawmfyuwly 120jrifh\/ cs&moD;jrifhjrifhxD;pGifhpGifhwnf;/ aemufaygu©&0wDü o*FaAg"drif; xyfvkyfaomcg yxrxD;&if;udk0f jirf;jzifh jr§ifhí jyD;vQif pdkufjrJpdkufí xD;awmftkyfí wif\? aemuf"r®ap 443 24 May 1642 wDrif;vufxuf apwDawmfudkjzdK0fí wnf&mwGifvnf; a&S;enf;pD&if\/ aemufok"r®0wDjynfü aZwuxkr®maomurif; xyfíwnf\/ a&S;enf;pD&if\ [Hom0wDü rif;w&m;a&TxD; xD;awmftkyfí wif\/ a&TvHk;awmfjynfhcs\/ [Hom0wDqifjzL&Sif rif;w&m;a&ajr&Sif bdk0fawmfxyfí wnf&mwGifrS bdeyfawmf tawmif 200jyKí a&S;yxrxD;udk0fpdkufrS xD; 09F 2d xD;apmuf 18F 2d a&TypGefcGefrGrf;rHí xD;awmf&if;udk0ftkyfíwif\/ a&TpiftwdrGrf;\/ t&Hapmifh cGmr&GwfESifh uRefoD;awmf 500vSL\/ ausmufqDrD;wdkifrsm;pGmvSL\/ obifMuD; pGmcHí om"kac:\/ bMuD;awmfrif;w&m; vufxuf ywfvnfapwDxD;ESifhwuG 48ql wnf\/ a&Tpiftwd rGrf;\/ 0wåKuHajrvSL\/ oifykwfawmfcsuf? oifykwfuyf? wylrsufESmopfawmfa&uyf? ajcaq;a&xnfh? wrsufvSnf;? qDrD;awmfn§d? qDawmfxnfh? a&csrf;awmfoGif;? pnfawmfpHkwD;? ukvm;? wvdkif;? &Srf;? ,Grf;? av;pkaom uRefawmfrsdK0fwdk0fudk0f tpkcsyftpkudkofwdk0frSm ESKwfí a&Tu&m;jzifhs a&pufcsí vSLawmfrl\/ uxdefumv uxdefawmfoifuef;pHk y&du©&mESifh,m*k? umvrD;yHk;? ,m*ktvSLawmf? 0g0if? 0guRwfumv xD;jzL? wHcGef? a&Tyef;cdkif? aiGyef;cdkif? a&TjrLwm? aiGjrLwm? a&Taygufayguf? aiGaygufayguf? ywåjrm;ayguf aygufvSLawmfrl\/ oHk;ESpfwMudrfvHk;awmfjynfh a&Txnfhí qGrf;awmfauR;obif cHawmfrl\/ acgif;avmif;pnfMuD;vSLawmfrl\ wHwdkif;&if;wGif r[m&HESpfxyf wnf\/ tkwfavSum;jyK\/ avSum;uonf '*kPfjrdKUa&muf vuf0Jvuf,m apwDt&yfawmf 12FpDwnf\/ vrf;rudk0f okwfoif&Sif;vif;\/ ulvdkifp&yf wnf\/ þodkUvQif bMuD;awmfrif;w&m;aumif;rIrsm;pGm jyK\/ '*kPfapwDawmfonf tpdk;&aom omoem'g,umwdkU0fwGif pMumrsdK0f paom &wemtwd jynfhpHkaom yknu&d,orÇm& paom ukodkvftm;MuD;aom rif;wdk0ftm; oDvor®m"dpaom 'gey&dpm*wdk0fü tm;xkwfukefaom rif;jrwfwdk0fvufxuf aumif;rIxyfí jzpfapjcif;iSg xdk0fapwDawmf xD;awmf 444 24 May 1642 wdkU0fü tEÅ&m,fjzpfjrJtrIwdk0fudk0f tjyD;ESvHk;oGif;&onf [lí q&mawmfwdkU0f rdefUawmfrlaMumif;udk bk&m;uRHawmfwdk0f &Sdcdk;oHawmfOD;wifygonfbk&m;/ ouú&mZf 1003ck e,Hkvqef; 7&ufaeU(24 May 1642)oGif;/ (rsdK;Munfh 1944? 98-171-7ay? wufA[dk 45235) 445 24 May 1642 ouú&mZf 736ck a&Tpnf;cHkapwDawmfudk0f wnfawmfrl&mwGif uRefawmfrsdK0fwdkU wGif t&nfaumif;? tvyf? tnHha&G;aumufonfh vlpkwdk0fwGif qifawmfonf oifholwdk0fudk0f qifawmfonf bGJUawmfrlonf/ Zdwfoif&HaoGmuf? &Gwfoif&H aoGmuf? &Joifh&HaoGmuf? &JpuúaoGmuf? &JodcFaoGmuf? &Ja'0aoGmuff? &JaZwaoGmuf? &JoD[aoGmuf? &JaZ,aoGmuf? &GmrMuD;pm;aoGmuf? omvSyif pnfpm;aoGmuf? aygufudkif;pm;aoGmuf? jrdK0fvSpm;aoGmuf? Mucwfpm;aoGmuf? xef;wyifpm;aoGmuf? a'gif;orm;pm;aoGmuf? ukwfudkacsmif;pm;aoGmuf? rxD;vdk0fpm;aoGmuf? vifi,fMuD;pm;aoGmuf[lí trnf& 10&Gmpm;wdk0fESifh qifawmfonf zGJUawmfrlonf/ zGJUawmfrlaMumif;vnf; ,Gef;jynfyg,Gef;pkwdkU0f onf a&S;ab;avmif;awmf bdk0favmif;awmfwdkU vufxufuyif apmfbGm; ysufxD;½dk0feef;½dk;om;ajr;wdk0fonf umv&Snfvsm;&mwGif wdrfjrKyf&Sdonf/ wdrfjrKyfikwfaeomonfr[kwf? xD;½dk0f;eef;½dk;apmfbGm; tquftEG,fwdkU ay:xGef;orQonf tpnftEG,frysuf a&Tb0g;awmfatmufwGif trIawmfudk xrf;ap/ xGufawmfrl0ifawmfrlvQif pD;qifwGif&JuESifh qifawmfonfudk0f cRef;pGJ ap? aoewfvkvifukef;v,fpD;ap/ aemufyJhrSm qifxdrf;wdkUudk pD;ap/ 0efwdkUu cefUxm;onfhtwdkif; aemufawmfvdkufap&rnf/ tdyfvSnfhtdyfbefrSm vTwfawmf ajrmufwHcg;eDa&SUupifrSm 0ifxGufapmifhaejrJ pGJtdyfaeap&rnf/cefU/ ouú&mZf 763ck (1401) yxrrif;acgifwnfawmfrlaom yef;&awmif &efatmifajrapwDudk0f xD;wifawmfrlaomESpfwGif taemufbufywdef;jrdKU? rbJjrdK0f? apwkwå&mjrdK0fESifh zspfoD;q,f&Gmwdkuf? vifuawmq,f&Gmwdkuf? qm;xHk;qm;vif;MuD; zsifwt0iftygaus;&GmESifh wdkuf 4&yfwGif tnmu a&mufonfrsnf;? w½kwf? vl;? u&if? ucsif? tif;us,frsnfvlrsdK0fwdk0fudk0f jrdK0f w&GmwGif tonf 300? 150? 100&Sd&if;tonfenf;avonfjzpfíonfvlpk wdkUudk0f odk0foGif; awmfrlonf/ pcsD? pjrif? uvH? oHjyif? ajrwdkif;? 446 24 May 1642 ajrxdef;wdkU odrf;ydkuftkyfcsKyfí tonfwdk0fenf; tcGJtcefUrsm;rSm tedrfhtjrifh udk0f axmufí trIawmfudk xrf;ap/ ouú&mZf 790rdk0fn§if;rif;w&m; ppfudkif;qifrsm;&Sif&wemapwDudk0f wnf&mwGif &Srf;jynf,Gef;jynfrsm;uygonfh &Srf;wdkU0fudk0f t&yf&yfrSm Ekwfiifí &Srf;jrif;? vif;Zif;jrif;? '0,fjrif;? vHkayHgjrif;? anmifa&Tjrif;? yef;armfjrif;? wy,if;jrif;? rdw¬Dvmjrif;? i&eJjrif;? xef;wyifjrif;? jrif;1pkvQif taygif;&Srf; 50pDjrif;pD 1vQif uHauR;1? vuf0JvufusfmvSHuef 2? 0efxrf; 1? xrif;csuf 1? ay;tyfí jrif;pD;wdkUudk0f jrif;aygif;wdk0f wnDwnGwfwnf; pD;yHkwif&onf/ jrif;pD;wdkUrSm om;ajry,fe,f ae&yfcsxm;rSwfom;í oem;awmfrlrS tjrdK0fjrdK0f t&Gm&Gm 0ifxGufvkyfaqmif aexdkifí trIawmfudk xrf;&Guf&onf/ tpka&;rsm; rSm toD;toD;cefUawmfrlonf? aemufawmfygjrif;0ef? jrif;pma&;wdk0fu pD&if& onf/ owdk;aqGom;rsdK;om;jrif;pk? eE´pnfolaoGmufudk0fvnf; xyfí aemuf0efwdkUudk0f tyfawmfrlonf/ a0vkokEÅ& aoGmufudk0fvnf; xyfí aemuf 0efwdk0fudk0f tyfawmfrlonf/ oli,fawmfpkwdk0fudk0f csawmfrlonfhajr? pudkif; u0gawmfpkwdkUudk0f csawmfrlonfhajr? u0gawmf½Hku a&SUaemufawmif ajrmuf 25wmpDwm 100ay;csoem;awmfrlonf/ ouú&mZf 960jynfh 0gacgifvjynfhausmf 2&uf3aeU (8 August 1598) &wemyl&udk0f emrHzsufí a&T0jrdK0fMuD; orkwfonf/ A[dkvfpnfMuufonf? acgif;avmif;oGef;onf? jrdK0fawmfudk taemufodkUcsJUí wnfonf t&mudk0f e,f 4&yfjyrSwfwnfxm;onf? pum;a[mif;twdkif jrdK0fawmf? eef;jrdK0fawmf? ajreef;awmf? vTwfawmf? jrdKUwHcg;? a&SU½Hk;? aemuf½Hk;? 0if;½Hk;? atmifpGmig;pD; ewf uGef;? wefaqmif;? ykPÖm;wusdwfMuyfrí c½koif; 10jzifh a&jzef;&aom anmifwyifudk0f ½Hk;awmfa&SUpdkuf&onf/ ppfudkif;aomwmyef aZwbDvl;? *krÇmef? av;uRef;ajr[efaqmif;wdkUudk jyKpkawmfrl&mwGif anmif&rf;jrif;pkESifh 447 24 May 1642 eE´oD&daoGmuf? eE´pnfolaoGmuf? &SifaxG;wdk0faoGmuf? &SifusdKifwdk0f aoGmufwdk0fudkd0f bGJUawmfrlonf/ ppfudkif; tkwf 448 8 August 1642 &GmolMuD; jrdKUolMuD;onfwa,mufom? awmifajrmuf&Sdonfh t&yfonf awmifjynfpdk; ajrmufjynfpdk; &Sdonfom? wy,if;jrdKUolMuD; onfwa,mufom? om;orD;wGif yGm;aví om;orD;onf tnDrjyKonf[lí rif;{u&mZfapwD awmfrlcdkufudk oif;wdkUajcmufa,mufvHk; jrdKUolMuD;jyKonf&efom rawmif;onf? yHkpHOD;jrdKUolMuD;ajcmufa,mufvHk;jyKonf? oif;wdkUudk owfí om;ajr;aqGrsdK;wdkU udk pm&if;wdkUí qifpm&dwf(xnfh)? oif;wdkUr,m; om;orD;rdr®wdkUudk oabFm jynfodkUa&mufí uGyfawmif;avjyD;onf? tjypfudk tjypfrjyK&? bk&m;ESpfvHk;oHk; awmfrlonf? iopömi,favQmufrS igodawmfrl&onf/ iopömi,fonf jrdKUolMuD; ½dk;om;ajr;yifjzpfonf? iopömi,fESifh icspfndKi,f?onf2a,mufom;onf jrdKUolMuD;jyKap? oifwdkUom;onf jrdKUolMuD; aqGom;rsdK;om;jzpfonf? aqGom;rsdK;om;tjzpfom jzpf&rnf? ppfudkif;tdrfwdkif; aqGom;rsdK;om;tjzpfom jzpf&rnf? ppfudkif;tdrfwdkif;vnf; aqGom;rsdK;om; tjzpfomxrf;ap/ ouú&mZf 1004ck 0gacgifvjynfhausmf 9&uf 2aeU (8 August 1642) jAJwdkufawmfodkU xGufawmfrl&mwGif trdefUawmf&Sdonf/ (rsdK;Munfh 1944) 449 12 February 1642 jzpfomvdk0fonf/ nDípD&ifvdk0fonfqdk0faomf olMuD;t&monf wa,mufom tpOf&Sdacsonf/ olMuD;om;w&myif&Sdí olMuD;jyKMuvdk0f\ vkMuaomfvnf; t"du½kPf;rif;pdk0fcefUt&mom? om;w&mwGifaomfvnf; tpOftwdkif; rif;cefU t&momMuD;&rnf/ rif;wdkU0figwdk0fonf aqGxyfrsdK0fxyfolMuD;uxGufawmh onf[lí tMuD;t&mudk0f pD&ifacsaomfolMuD;wa,mufonf ajcmufa,mufjzpf yavawmhrnf/ rif;wdk0frif;wdk0fom;wdkif vwfaomf wusdyfjzpfyavawmhrnf/ ESpfv&Snfaomf wy,if;jrdK0fonf tonfr&SdavjyD[lí oif;wdk0fonf rrSwf? olMuD;ajcmufom[lí tnDjyKonf? wyg;jrdK0fjyaus;&Gmrsm;ESifhrwl? tMuD;rsm; onf[lí trdefUawmf&Sdí ppfaprSolMuD;rsm;aMumif;udk0f odawmfrl&onf/ wa,mufomolMuD; jzpfonfudk0f wa,mufrjyKyJ EGm;jrD;udk taz:vdk0f\ odk0folMuD;&if;om;ajr;qdk0faomf oif;omolMuD; jyKawmhwHkrif;ajcmufa,mufvHk; nDí jyKonfudk0f rjyKapESifh/ iopömi,fonfordkif; armfuGef;&Sdonfhtwdkif;udk0f ar;awmf rlvQifvnf; &onf? tpltpOfudk0fvnf; rSwfwef;&Sdonf? iopömi,fudk0f olMuD;jyKap/ oif;a,mufbicspfndK0fi,fudk0fvnf; bufí olMuD;jyKap/ oif;wdkUajcmufa,mufwGif iopömi,f icspfndKonf t&if;wnfonfqdk0fonf/ onft&if;qdk0fvsufudk0f rwnfí olMuD;jyKawmhwHkrif;vlysufusifhvlysuf avsmufavQmufonf/ rif;{u&mZfaus;awmfrsdK0f uRefawmfrsdK0fwdk0fwGif udk0ftpOft½dk0fudkvGefí pdwfvdkxGufolMuD;ajcmufa,muf jyKonfolyHkr[kwf avm0f/ oif;wdk0f 2a,mufudk0f a&Smifcsnfyifwum;ESifh oHajccsif;cwfí oHkUcsnfcsnfíolMuD; ESpfa,mufudk0ftyf/ oif;wdk0ftabmfia&TyHk? iusifbuf? iatmifjrdK0fi,f? onfoHk;a,mufudk0fvnf; ac:íolMuD; 2a,mufudk0ftyf/ oif;wdkU0f ig;a,mufwGif tonftvmwdk0fwdkif aMu;um;aMu;udk0fvnf; pifatmif&Sdonf r&Sdonfudk0f ar;ppfcJh/ oif;wdkUonf olMuD;2a,muf taygif; tbuft0iftyg jzpfapí tpOftwdkif;xrf;cefU? tonftvmwdkUudk0f tultyHh rif;rIrif;&mxGufvQif vdkufxrf;ap/ oif;wdkUolMuD; 2a,mufudk0fqdk0f/ a&mufvQif oifhwifh&muaeí tonftvmwdk0fudk0fac:í 450 12 February 1643 bkef;awmftvGefMuD;jrwfawmfrlvSaom toQifb0&Sif rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; trdefUawmf&Sdonf/ wy,if;onf olMuD;wa,mufom&Sdonf/ t½dk0folMuD;jyK vQif bdk0fpHkaygif;í tpfudkom;nDom;ESrom;[loí &SdorQonf olMuD;aqGom; rsdK0fom;[lí tnDt0g taygif;tbufwdkif;um; awmifwmrIolMuD;awmifwm wGif aqGom;pm&if;&Sdonftvdkuf xrf;aumif;onf/ ppfrufxGufvQifvnf; jrif;qufEGm;quf uHauR;ay;½dk; &Sdonftvdkuf vlvdk0fvsif jrdK0fpm;rif;{u&mZf tvdk0ftvdkufolMuD; aqGom;rsdK0fom; taygif;tbuf tvdkufjrdK0fudkifolMuD; wum[loí xrf;ukefawmhonf/ wy,if;wGif oif;wdk0fonfolMuD;[lí olMuD;wa,muf &Sdonfudk0f t½dk0f&if;omolMuD;jyK&rnfudk0f ajcmufa,mufvHk; yifoif;wdk0fvnf; t½dk0f[lí pdwfvdk0fxGufolMuD;jyKonf/ bdk0fpHkaygif;pHk olMuD;&Sd½dk0fMuD;[lí tdkifwtdkifwGif uRJajcmufck vl;ouJhodkU0f wy,if;jrdK0fwGif ajcmufa,mufvHk;olMuD; jyKavonf/ olMuD;ajcmufa,mufom;ajr;trsdK0fwGif ajcmifa,mufvHk;olMuD; jyKaví olMuD;ajcmufa,mufom; ajr;trsdK0f taqG aus;uReftwuftoufoufoifjrdK0f tonfESifhaomf aoGmHoHk;pkwpk avmufyif &Sdavonf/ tonftvm'dkif;rSL;umrSL; tavSmftvJ rqdk0fpdrfh/ taMutxm; &Sdí tbuft,mufr&Sdonf? tyJhtaqmifr&Sdonf? rif;wdkif;rif;um;MuD;í aMu;aiGtxGufrsm;onf? odkonft&mudk0f igwdk0fvnf; tonfaycsnf;olMuD; jyKí wdkUudk0frSDí jidrf0yfayonfomjzpfaomaMumifh tultr taxmuftyHh xdk0fjrdK0f tonftvmwdkudk0f jrdK0folMuD;onfonfESifhom pD&ifí raeaumif;acs [lívnf; wdkifonf tiftvdkuf aMu;xGufaumif;ajconf[lí tiftvdkuf rxGuf? rr? tonftvmudkav;ayghcsifíomaMu;cefUí raxmufonfwrHkU [lí t 451 12 February 1643 trdefUawmf&Sdonftwdkif;udk jyefí trdefUawmftwdkif;udk0f oif;wdkUig;a,muf udk0f ,ckolMuD; 2a,mufudk0ftyf/ a&S;tonftvmwdk0fonf ac:aomfrQ vm&rnfudk0fpdk0fonf? ,ckrlum; jrdK0f&Gmuvmí a&TjrdKUawmfrSm a&mufí ae&onf? onfenf;rsm;udk raeapESifh/ ppfaMum[lí olMuD;2a,mufudk0fqdk0f/ ouú&mZf 1004ck waygif;vqef; 6&ufaeU (12 February 1643) trdefUawmf/ (rsdK;Munfh 1944/ 1945/ 98-171-7ay/ wufA[dk 45235) 452 3 March 1643 ouú&mZf 1004ck waygif;vjynfhausmf 10&ufaeY (3 March 1643) jAJwdkufawmfodk0f xGufawmfrl&mwGif rif;aqmifudkifajrmifOD;pm;tdrfpaMum qif0ifypöKESpfbufuefaqmufaomaMumifh ypöLruefom ysufaMumif;udk0f &Sdcdk; oHawmfOD;wifaomf ajrmifOD;pm;onfrif;aqmifawmfudk0f aqmufaumif; aeaumif;ooljzpfonf/ ypöLESpfbufuefí aqmufap/ onfhjyifae&mESifh av;q,fig;q,fwdk0fudk0f ypöLESpfbufuefí aqmufap/ trdefUawmf&Sdonf/ (rsdK;Munfh 1944/ 98-171-7ay/ wufA[dk 45235) 453 31 May 1643 bkef;awmftvGefMuD;jrwfawmfrlvSaom toQifb0&Sif rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; trdefUawmf&Sdonf/ tonfumvudk rdk0faygufajryifodonfhtvm;jzifh qif;&Jcsd0fcsHvkyfaqmifí wdkifum; xrf;oolaovQif wyifaowyif&Sif vif;Edk0fcGefawmif;vQif 454 20 October 1643 bkef;awmftvGefMuD;jrwfawmfrlvSaom toQifb0&Sifrif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; trdefU awmf&Sdonf/ 0if;awmf4rsufESm'dkif;rSL; oif;rSL;rsm;udk 0if;awmfwGifomjrJí tusdK0f&Sdrnfavm0f/ rm&bifoif;rSL;twGif; 'dkif;rSL; oif;rSL;udk0faomfum; aeUnnfhjrJ&onf/ vTwfawmfa&SUESifh jyif0if;awmf'dkif;rSL;udk0f aqmf&rnfhol wrsufESmwusdyfpDom aeap/ onfhjyifonfvufom;bdkU v,f&yfrSm pD&ifaqmf avSmfí aeyavap/ ouú&mZf 1005ck 0gacgifvjynfhausmf 10&uf 0aeU (29 July 1643) trdefUawmf/ vTwfawmfwGif eE´a,mfwm0if;rSL; pcsDwdk0fudk0fjyefonf/ onftrdefUawmf twdkif; 1005ck 0gqdkvjynfhausmf 12&uf 0aeU (1 July 1643) aeU0if;tvJcefUonfum; vuf0J0if;awmfrSL; 'dkif;rSL; waumif;jrpfpOfrSL; 1? ol&JvkyfrSL; 1? rdkifbGef'dkif;rSL; 1? vufa&G;'dkif;rSL; 1? a&TvSHaxmif;rSL; 1? &efrqkwfrSL;1? &efyHkcGJ'dkif;rSL; 1? &JabmfaxmifrSL; 1? ol&JbDvl;rSL; 1? xm;pGJrSL; 1? anmifa&Tacgif;av;rSL; 1? tv,faeajrmif;qHka&T'dkif;rSL; 1? apmvl;'dkif;rSL; 1? 0efodk0f'dkif;rSL; 1? vufa&G;'dkif;rSL; 1? &Jum'dkif;rSL; 1? anmifa&T'dkif;rSL; 1? ewfa,musfm;'dkif;rSL; 1? &Srf;ydkufawmfrSL; 1? &Srf;oli,f'dkif;rSL; 1? [efysnfrdk 'dkif;rSL; 1? anmifapmufav;rSL; 1? awmifwGif;av;rSL; 1? tJjAo&DrSL; 1? vdyfqif 1? vuGef;tdrfwyfrSL; rbJ 1? 0if;awmf 4rsufESm oif;rSL;'dkif;rSL; wdk0fudk0fv,fvkyfcsdefwefvQifvnf; v,f&yfodk0foGm; vufom;acsi,fudk ESK0faqmfí wGifatmifra&mif;rcs&atmif ppfaMumaqmfavSmfí vkyf&rnf/ oD;csdefodrf;csdefwdkifvQif trIrSpí MuyfMuyfaqmfavSmfí odrf;qnf;ap&rnf/ onftwdkif;udk0f 0efwdkU0fu ESdK0faqmf/ 0if;rSL;wdk0fuvnf; ESdKaqmfap/ ouú&mZf 1005ck waqmifrkef;vjynfhausmf 5&uf 6aeU (20 October 1643) trdefUawmf/ (rsdK;Munfh 1944/ 98-171-7ay/ wufA[dk 45235) 455 16 July 1645 bkef;awmftvGefMuD;jrwfawmfrlvSaom toQifb0&Sif rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; trdefUawmf&Sdonf/ jrdK0fwGif;olMuD;pcsDtpOfom;wdk0fonf jrdK0faus;vuf&GmMuD; &Gmi,f&SdorQudk0f vSnfhywfMunfh½Ií v,f,mvkyfcif;aqmifcif;udk wGifus,f atmif vkyfpm;&atmif r&SdoolwdkUudkvnf; v,f,mpm;usif;aomufusif; jzpfatmif wDxGifxGef,ufí tvkyftaqmifjzpfatmif ESdKaqmfpD&if/ jrdK0fwGif; vkyfcsdefaqmifcsdefudk0f tcif;&Sdonf[lí w&yfuonf w&yfudk0f roGm;apESifh/ vJcif;avsmufcif;qdkcif; &Sdonf[lívnf; a&TjrdK0fawmfodk0f rvmapESifh/ auR; wifonf[k auR;&Sifudk0f ,lvSmaomfvnf; a&TjrdK0fawmfodk0f rvmapESifh/ auR;wifonf[k auR;&Sifudk0f,lvSmaomfvnf; vkyfcsdefaqmifcsdefudk0f rudkifr,l apESifh/ rdk0faEGrqdk0f avQmufvJrnfqdk0frnf[lí jrdKUolMuD;&GmolMuD; jrdK0fudkif jrdK0fuGyfwdkU rodonfudk0f a&TjrdK0fawmfodk0f rwufapESifh/ vkyfcsdefvGefaomcg avQmufcif;vJcif;&Sdí a&TjrdK0fawmfodk0f vmonf &SdvQif jrdK0fuGyfjrdK0fudkif jrdK0folMuD;wdk0fudk0f wdkifí rnfoolonf rnfonf pum;aMumifheSifha&TjrdK0fawmfodk0f wufavonf[lí jrdK0fuGyfjrdK0fudkif jrdK0folMuD; wdk0fu rif;vSa&Tawmif? &mZ*kwåwdk0fudk0f pmay;vdkufívmap/ pmrygbJ vmooludk0f qifpm&dwfxnfhrnf/ pmrygbJ vm&onf &SdaomfjrdK0fudkifjrdK0fuGyf jrdK0folMuD;wdk0fudk0f uGyf&rnf/ jrdK0fwGif;jrdK0fvufaus;&GmwGif tdrfajcwGif pdkufaeoíudk0f wa,mufr 456 13 April 1646 bkef;awmftvGef MuD;jrwfawmfrlvSaom toQifb0&Sifrif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; trdefUawmf&Sdonf/ taemuf0efwdkUrSm taemufrIESifh pyforQudk0f w0wnf; pD&if/ rif;rdbk&m; rif;udk,fvkyfawmf tysdK0fawmf t&G,fodl0f ra&mufao;aom igtoQifb0&Sifrif;w&m;MuD;bk&m;om;awmforD;awmf nDawmf rSpí rif;rdef;r wdkUESifh pyforQutaemuf0efwdkUuompD&if/ uHauR;cH oem;awmfcH oem;awmf rlrnfvufzGJUawmfrlonfh t&m&SdvQif twGif;0efwdkUu rSwfpm&if;ESifh avQmuf onfhtwdkif; vTwfujrdK0fpm&if;&Gmpm&if;tif;? qnfpm&if;rsm;udk0f 0efpmESifh awmif;vQif rnfola&S;uawmif;onf? pmESifh½Hk;odk0f a&mufonf? rnfonfh jrif;pktdrfae t&yftuGuf rnfonfh trwfwdkUudk0f aocsmatmif rSwfom;/ jrdKUpm&if; &Gmpm&if; tif;qnfrsm;onfvnf; e,fedrdwftydkif;tjcm; uefoif;½dk0fopfpnf0g;ajrjcm; ewfuGef;opfyifausmufwdkif trSwftom;ESifh wuG crnf;awmfbk&m;? bk&m;aemifawmf rif;w&m;wGif rnfonfhrif;pm;onf? om;awmforD;awmfpm;onf? rif;udk,fvkyfawmfwdk0fpm;onf? tysdK0fawmf pm;onf? vuf&if;awmfapwdk0f pm;onf? rif;nDrif;om; pm;onfrsm;udk0f pHbufí rSwfom;ap&rnf/ igoem;awmfrlonf jrdK0fpm;&Gmpm;qnfpm; tif;pm;wdk0f vufrS vGwfaom umvouú&mZfrSwf? v&ufwdk0fudkrSwom;? jrdKU&Gmrsm;wGif b@mawmf qdyfyGJwnfuif; ulwdk0f tcGeftwkwf uRJEGm;jrif;0ifqifaojrif; rwfuRefacgif; uRJ EGm;jrD;rSpí tpGwftajcmuf vkyforQudk0faw cGefawmf b@mawmfrsm;udk0f taemuf0efwdk0furSwfom;/ tvsifcefUorQ jrdKUudk0fuif;wdkifqdyfawmfwnfpm;ulwdk0f ydkUwdkUudk0fESKwf/ taemuf0efwdkUpD&ifeufutrIxrf;qif;&JolwdkUudk0f trIawmfudk0f xrf;ukef Edkifatmif cefUxm;/ oHk;ESpfaphvQif vJvS,f&rnf/ jrdKU&Gmrsm;rSpí tif; rsm;wGif trI&Sdí ½Hk;odkUa&muforQ pum;jrdK0fudkif &Gmudkif jynfpdk0f olMuD;wdkuf rSL;wdk0fa&SU a&muforWtrIudk0frSm trIonfwdkUuwifonfay;onft 457 13 April 1646 &mrsm;rSm t&mawmfw0ufxm;í pm;wefpm;oifhonf 0efpma&;wdk0f ESifh qdkifonf/ csDpjrif? uvH? oHysifwdkU pm;pk? pm;&efrsm;udk pm;ap/ qufoGif;&mrSm 16vwMudrf qufjrJtpOf? 12vqufjrJ tpOftwdkif; qufoGif;ap/ 0efpma&;wdkUrsm;rSmvnf; vqef; 1&ufaeU qufoGif;jrJudk0fquf/ taemuftwGif;awmfrif;rdr®ESifh pyfqdkiforQwdkUudk0f taemuf0efwdkUu pD&if/ taemuf0efpma&;qD onf&Gmpm;i,fonf? taemufwHcg;awmfu0ifí a&SUwHcg;eDodkU xGufrS vTwfodkU wufonfh t&monf t½dk;trsdK;om;ajr; tquftEG,f rrSefvlrdkufvl½dkif;rSefrnf&m rodvlqdk0f vloGrf;jzpfonf/ tcsuf 100½dkufí t&mrSESKwf/ taemuf0efwdkUrSmvnf; taemufwHcg;u0ifvQif taemuf0efwdkU 0if&mwGiom a&mufap&rnf/ aemufuonf a&SUodkU ra&mufraygufapESifh? a&SUvrf;wGifomae&rnf/ taemuf0efwdkU pD&ifpk? 0if;rSL;wdkU pD&ifpk? &Gmpm;wdkU pD&ifpk? vufraxmifrSL;wdkU pD&ifpk? 0efpkcefUawmfrlí 0efpk&olwdkU0fpD&ifpkrsm;rSm qdkif&mpD&ifí rjyD;rjywfrS vTwfodkU wifap/ rnfonfonfpum;pkonf wbuftrIonfrnfol? tpk&if;rnfu acgif;&yfrnfol? a&SUaetrdefUawmf&rnfol wkd0f trnftrSwfudkvnf; pm&if; ,l/ rnfonfhouú&mZf rnfonfhv&ufaeUwGif 0efpma&;wdkUwifonf? y&ydkufvTmudk0fvnf; [if;oywm; aq;'gef;Z,m;jyKí vTwfpma&;i,fwdk0fudk0f tyf/ trIonfwdk0f nDnGwfvQif 0efaxmufwdkUa&SUqdkap/ trdefUawmf&wdkU onf a'goarm[MuD;onf? pum;axG;½Iyf&mwGif temw&eifbJrqdk0fapESifh? 0efwdkUujrpfwm;? 0efpkqdkifoifh&mpD&iforQ w&m;rI pum;rIwdkUudk0f rnDrqdk0fap ESifh/ rjyD;rajyvQif vTwfodkUwifap/ w&m;½Hk;upum;wdkUudkvnf; rnfonfrSmrS rqdk0fapESifh/ rajyvQif vTwfodkU0fwifap/ qifajcjydKifí rqdkorQ pum;&yfrsm; udk0f MuD;onfhpum;udk0f i,fatmifi,fonfh pum;udk yaysmufatmif pD&if/ trdefUawmf&wdkif;rSpí a&SUaeacgif;&yfwdkU0frSmvnf; w&m;&Sd 458 13 April 1646 onfudk omqdk0fap? w&m;r&Sdonfudk csJUxGifarTaESmuf&Saygufí qdkjcifwdkif;qdk0f oludk a&SmifudkqGJí cs/ pma&;wdkU0frSmvnf; vTwfwGifpD&iforQ pum;rI w&m;rI rsm;rSm w&m;wufw&m;rSwfaMu;rcHapESifh/ w&m;Muyfw&m;rSwfwdk0fu rSwfap/ w&m;rSwfrSm abmif;awmfa&mif;wdkUu rSwfom;ap? vTwfwGifjyD;ajyonfh pum;&yfrsm;rSm cgomtkyfvufbufacsmif;qufap/ w&m;uJw&m;Muyfw&m;rSwfwdkUu vqef;w&ufaeUudk0f a&SUbdk0fawmf bk&m; crnf;awmfbk&m; aemifawmfrif;w&m;wdk0f vufxuftpOf qufoGif;jrJ twdkif; qufoGif;ap/ 0efwdk0fu qdkif&mac:íjyef/ ouú&mZf 1008ck uqHkvqef; 10&ufaeU (13 April 1646) ajymhMuD;rSL; vTwfwGifjyefonfh trdefUawmf/ (rsdK;Munfh 1944/ 98-171-7ay/ wufA[dk 45235) 459 1 November 1646 todrf;acgif;udk,f&Hawmfjrif; 10udk rdk;eJapmfbGm;wGif aus;pm;&Gmpm; oif;rSL;wdkUom;ajr;wdkUudk a&G;aumufí bGJUonf? vusfmawmf armif;rvnfu aeí cpm;&onf? carmufaqmif;armifwdkcsyfeufaqmif;&onf/ aMumifjymqif&Jacgif;udk,f&Hawmfjrif;udk anmifa&TapmfbGm; aqGom;csif; wdkUudk bGJUawmfrlonf? vusfmawmf armif;rvnfwGifaeí cpm;&onf/ armufwdkeDcsyfeufcarmufaqmif;/ rHkvmpm;jrif;udk,f&Hawmfjrif; 10udk Aef;armfapmfbGm; aqGom;rsdK;om; aus;pm;&Gmpm;wdkU om;ajr;wdkUudk a&G;aumufí bGJUawmfrlonf? vuf0Jawmf armif;rvnfwGifaeí cpm;&onf? armufwdkeDcsyfeuf carmufaqmif;/ apm&JMuD; acgif;udk,f&Hawmf jrif; 10udk rdk;eJygaus;pm;&Gmpm; oif;rSL;wdkUom;ajr;wdkUudk a&G;aumufí bGJUawmfrlonf/ vusfmawmf armif;rvnfwGif aeí cpm;&onf/ armufwdkeDcsyfeufcarmufaqmif;/ a'0ur®acgif;udk,f&Hawmfjrif; 10udk rdk;n§if;pm;aus;pm;&Gmpm;oif;rSL; wdkUom;ajr;wdkUudk a&G;aumufí bGJUawmfrlonf/ vusfmawmf qifuyfwGif aeí cpm;&onf/ armufwdkeDeuf a&Ta&;yef; 5yGifh vSH&Snf½dk;eDvSHoGm;a&Tydef;t&if;MuH qpfjrif;rSwf tvHjzLvuGif;tjzL/ vusfmeEÅrdwfacgif;udk,f&Hawmfjrif; 10udk aemufawmfyg;aus;pm;&Gm pm;wdkUom;ajr;wdkUudk bGJUawmfrlonf/ vuf0JawmfqifuyfwGifaeí cpm;& onf/ armufwdka&Tyef;5yGifh? vuf0JvSH½dk;euf? vSH&Gufa&Tydef;? t&if;MuHqpfjrif; rSwftvH0g vuf0Jtpdrf;/ oD;aumif;pm;udk,f&Hawmfjrif; 10udk jrif;bGJUawmfrlonf? vusfm armif;rvnfwGifaeí cpm;onf? armufwdkeDcsyfeufcarmufaqmif;/ uwl;jrif;rSL;aoG;aomufudk rdk;eJygaus;pm;&Gmpm;om; 460 1 November 1646 ajr;wdkUudk bGJUawmfrlonf? vuf0JawmfqifuyfwGif aeí cpm;&onf? armufwdkeufcsyfeufcarmufaqmif;/ [vGJpm;aoGm;aomufudk rdk;eJaus;pm;&Gmpm;pm;ajr;wdkUudk bGJUawmfrl onf/ vuf0JqifuyfwGifaeí cpm;&onf/ armufwdkeufrsnf;euf/ ydkufoif &HaoG;aomufudk rdk;eJyg aus;pm;&Gmpm;om;ajr;wdkUudk bGJUawmfrl onf/ vuf0Jawmfarmif;rvnfwGifaeí cpm;&onf/ armufwdkeuf/ ia&TpHaoG;aomufudk rdk;eJygaus;pm;&Gmpm;wdkUom;ajr;wdkUudk bGJUawmfrl onf/ vuf0Jarmif;rvnfwGifaeí cpm;&onf/ armufwdkeufrsnf;euf/ [vlpm;aoG;aomufudk oDaygaus;pm;&Gmpm;wdkU om;ajr;wdkUudk bGJUawmfrlonf/ vuf0Jarmif;rvnfwGifaeí cpm;&onf/ armufwdkeuf rsnf;euf/ ionfrdkifaoG;aomufudk rdk;eJygaus;pm;&Gmpm;wdkUom;ajr;wdkUudk bGJUawmfrlonf/ vusfmarmif;rvnfwGifaeí cpm;&onf/ armufwdkeuf rsnf;euf/ ydkufur®maoG;aomufudk rdk;eJyg&Srf;ydkufuHauR;pm;&Gmpm; om;ajr;wdkUudk bGJUawmfrlonf/ vuf0JqifuyfwGifaeí cpm;&onf? armufwdkeufxdyfwGif a&TrSwfiHk,pfrsnf;/ a&mifuGwfpm;aoG;aomufudk anmifa&Tygaus;pm; &Gmpm;wdkU om;ajr; wdkUudk bGJUawmfrlonf/ vusfmqifuyfwGifaeí cpm;&onf? armufwdkeuf rsnf;euf/ rtdkpm;acgif;a&TjrdKUawmfywfvnfxGufawmfrl&m aemufawmfvfdkufjrif;pk udk anmif&rf;rif;w&m; ouú&mZf 960jynfh 0gacgifvjynfhausmf 11&uf 5aeU (17 August 1598) yJul;qifjzL&Sif crnf;awmfrif;w&m;om;awmf tdrfa&SUae ig;ql'g,umudk tyfawmfrlonf/ tdrfa&SUawmfyg aus;pm;&Gmpm;wdkUom;ajr; 461 1 November 1646 wdkUudk bGJUawmfrlonf? vusfmawmfarmif;rvnfwGifaeí cpm;&onf? rsnf;euf armufwdkeuf carmufaqmif;/ jrifwusnfpm;acgif;jrif;pkudk odEéDygaus;pm;&Gmpm;wdkUom;ajr;wdkUudk bGJUawmfrlonf/ vuf0Jarmif;rvnfwGifaeí cpm;&onf/ rsnf;eufarmufwdk euf/ þodkUvQif xD;aqmif;eef;ae{u&mZf tqufqufwdkUvufxufawmf bGJUawmfrlaom tpkbGJUa&SUa&Twdkufawmf0if pm&if;awmfonf rxifr&Sm;&Sdav aomt&mwdkUudk ouú&mZf 1008ck ewfawmfvqef; 5&uf 1aeU (1 November 1646) yo&mZfpm; a&TbGJUcHtrwfMuD;onf a&S;pma[mif; tapmifapmifrS enf;emcsí xkwftyfaomt&mwdkUudk vmvwåHUaom trsdK;om;wdkUtm; odomatmif pD&ifaom tpkbGJUpmwrf;um; jyD;\/ (okawiDpmpk) 462 2 April 1647 bkef;awmftvGefMuD;jrwfawmfrlvSaom toQifb0&Sifrif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; trdefUawmf&Sdonf/ om;awmfyif;wvJrif;om;udk0f tdrfa&SUawmfa0gMuD;usdKif; a&Tcsuf 4? xm;vdkuf 4? vkifpnf 2? pm;awmfuGrf;a&udkifrSpí tdrfa&SU rif;wdkU aqmif½dk;s? pD;½dk;? aoGmufpk? jrif;pkrSpí tdrfa&SUrif;aqmif&Guf orQwdkUudk oem; awmfrlonf/ avSmfum;a&TpufuGif;jynfh? cifwk&ifa&Tydef;wGif xjrHKteDrGrf; tajymuf xk? wk&ifwif? trdk;a&TyGifh? 0rf;yJawmifacgif; tkyfacgif;Muufarmufa&Tydef; tdrfa&SUaqmifawmf tpHkoem;awmfrlonf/ tdrfa&SUtdrfawmf raqmufapESifh/ aejrJtdrfwGif a&SUaemufrm&bifqD;í aeESifhap/ 0if;0if;jyifuyf tqufuGyf jypfpD? ywfvnfaumif;[efwef;ESifh apmifhaeap/ twGif;jrJ vlysdKrSL;om;rwfom; wdkUudk0f tdyfvSnfhtdyfzef 0ifxGufapmifhaeap/ 0ef 2? pma&;MuD; 2? 0if;rSL; 1? taemuf0ef 2? taemuf0ef pma&;2wdkU0frSmvnf; 0if;awmftwGif;wGif oifhom½Hk paMumaqmufí aeESifhap/ pD&ifcif;pD&ifbG,f &Sdonfrsm;udk0f pD&ifap/ wy,if;jrdK0f? awmifwGif; MuD;jrdK0f? ipnfhul;jrdK0fudk oem;awmfrlonf/ iom;awmf toHk;awmfudkifcHap/ ouú&mZf 1009ck uqHkvqef; 10&ufaeU (2 April 1647) em;cHajymh MuD;rSL;xkwfí vTwfwGifjyefonfh trdefYawmf/ (rsdK;Munfh 1944/ 98-171-7ay/ wufA[dk 45235) 463 (2 April 1647) bkef;awmftvGefMuD;jrwfawmfrlvSaom toQifb0&Sif rif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; trdefUawmf&Sdonf/ nDawmfwdk0frSpí rif;om;ae&mae jrif;rSL;rif;aygifrif;vuf rif;om;tquftEG,fwdk0f vTwfwufí t&modk0fa&muforQwdk0f ESifh 5oG,f ae&maewdk0fonf tpD;teif; rodom? taxG;axG;&Sdavonf/ ae&mvGwfae? awmfae? 'l;aewdk0fvnf; rif;om;wdk0fenf; jrif;rSmatmif;aemufwifí pDap/ rif;om;wdk0frSm rSDtHk;ouúvwf oifjzL; em;rTrf;MuD; taqmift&Guf&olwdk0frSm oem;awmfrlonfudk0f aqmifap/ r&olwdk0frSm tkyfa'gif;aygifa&Txnfhwaumif; bufpdrf;uawmhtHk;bl;carmufuif aqmif&Gufí vTwfwufap/ 0efwdkUupD&if/ (ouú&mZf 1009ck uqHkvqef; 10&uf)aeU (2 April 1647) trdefUawmf/ (rsdK;Munfh 1944/ 98-171-7ay/ wufA[dk 45235) 464 (2 April 1647) ouú&mZf 762ck eawmfvqef; 5&ufaeU (24 August 1400) jyifpmjrdK0frSm wdkuf 4wdkufpwnfap/ ywdef;jrdK0f? rbJjrdK0f? ykyÜg;jrdK0f? apwkwå&mjrdK0f? zsoD 10&Gmwdkuf? vifuawm 10&Gmwdkuf? pm;xHk;qm;vif;MuD;rsm;rSm tonfenf; onf/ tnmuygonfh &Srf;? vl;? rsnf;,if;? ucsif? u&if? tif;us,f a,musfm; rdr®wdk0fudk0f wjrdK0fudk tonf 300? &Gmudk0f 150? wdkufudk 100? wdkuf0ifaus;oDjrdK0f&Gmwdk0frSm 50 tyfawmfrlonf/ pcsD? pjrif? uvH? oHjyif? ajrwdkif? ajrxdef;wdkUu odrf;ydkuftkyfcsKyfí &Sd&if;tonfwdk0f enf; cGJcefUaqmf befxrf;&Gufap/ (ouú&mZf 1009ck uqkefvqef; 10&uf) (2 April 1647) aeU pajrmif rSL;xkwfí vTwfwGifjyefonfh trdefUawmf/ (rsdK;Munfh 1944/ 98-171-7ay/ wufA[dk 45235) 465 (2 April 1647) ouú&mZf 736ck wydkwGJvqef;9&ufaeU (10 January 1375) tpkpkuRefawmf rsdK0fudk0fwGif xD;aqmif; eef;aeapmfbGm;wdk0fuqif;oufonfh trIxrf;wdk0fudk0f qifawmfonf bGJUawmfrlonf/ &Gufoifh&HaoGmuf? &Joif&HaoGmuf? &Jol&aoGmuf? &JpuúaoGmuf? &JodcFaoGmuf? &Ja'0aoGmuf? &JaZ,aoGmuf? &Jpr®aoGmuf? &Jur®aoGmuf? csrf;om&Gmpm;aoGmuf? a&csrf;pm;aoGmuf? ayysnfpm;aoGmuf? ayguftdkifpm;aoGmuf? aygufuefpm;aoGmuf? ewftdkifpm; aoGmuf? &Gmrpm;aoGmuf? &Gmom,mpm;aomuf? pnfol&Gmpm;aoGmuf? rl;0pm;aoGmuf? wyf&Gmpm;aoGmufwdk0frSm vTwfajrmufwHcg;eDupí rm&bifem; u ajrmufvuf0J wHcg; ta&SUa&G;awmf,l wHcg;ajrmuf? 4if;awmifa&G;awmf ,lqifwif;ukefwefaqmif;&if; 0ufupnfwGif tdyfvSnfhtdyfzef0ifxGufapmifh aeap/ xGufawmfrl0ifawmfrlrSm qifawmfonfwdk0fudk0f cRef;½dk0feDpGJap/ aoewfvkvifudk0f &Juukef;v,fpD;ap/ qifOD;pD;wdk0frSm aemufupD;ap/ 0efwdk0fu cefUxm;onfhtwdkif; trIawmfudk0f xrf;&Gufawmfudk xrf;&Gufap/ (ouú&mZf 1009ck uqkefvqef;10&uf) aeU (2 April 1647) em;cH ajymhMuD;vTwfwGif xkwfíjyefonfh trdefUawmf/ (rsdK;Munfh 1944/ 98-171-7ay/ wufA[dk 45235) 466 8 April 1649 bkef;awmftvGefMuD;jrwfawmfrlvSaom toQifb0&Sifrif;w&m;MuD;bk&m; trdefUawmf&Sdonf/ (ouú&mZf 1011ck) eawmfjymodk0fv(Nov-Dec 1648)udk0f &mZrPdplvmudk0f xD;awmfwifrnf/ 0if;awmfom;wdk0fudk0f 0g;rm0g;aumif;ckwf vkwfap. opfi,fopf&Snfvnf; ckwfvkwfap/ cGifoaygufrSL;rSm ESmacgif;rsufpnf;aumif;,llav/ tMuD;cHighuRefrsm; onf vlaumif;csnf;cefUvQif ukefrnfum;[lí trdefUawmf&Sdonf/ xdk0faeU vnfaumif; cGifoaygufrSL;uay;onfh 0rf;aoG;xGufaomf ydwfaq; vHk; 290? t&ufESifhn eHufaomuf? rsufpnf;aq;vHk; 150 tyfonf? opfwaxmif? 0g;waomif;/ ouú&mZf 1010uqHkvjynfhaeU (26 April 1648) ppfudkif;aumif;rI awmf&mZrPdplVmapwDawmfodk0f a&Tavmif;awmfESifh xGufawmfrlonf/ awmifbDvmyk*¾dKvfausmf? t&d,mvuFm&? teE´"Z? tEk½k'¨gq&mawmfwdk0fudk0f apwDawmfodk0f 467 8 April 1649 xdkodkUaomolwdk0fESpfoufwdkif; a&ajr&SifrSm tusdK0fawmfrsm;rnf pD&ifawmfrl onf? avQmufjyD;vQif xD;awmfwifrnftaMumif;udk0fom tm;xkwfawmfrl&rnf/ xD;awmfrSm ueufuwef 3bHkMumpHk 'kydumESifh aomf5xyf? xD;awmf09F pD&ifawmfrl&jcdrfhrnf/ a&Tcsdef0ifw&mhig;q,fukefrS tMuHawmftwdkif; ajrmufrnff rdefUawmfrlvQif 1000 yifukefaomfvnf; ukefygap? wwfEdkifyg\ avQmufonf/ xD;awmfudk0f e,HkvjynfhaeU(26 May 1648) eef;wGif;rSmpí vkyfygapawmhrnf avQmufvQif tMuHawmf&Sdonfhtwdkif; oifhyg\ rdefUawmfrl vQif ydwftkyf? cgomtkyf? vufbufacsmif;vSLawmfrljyD;vQif þausmif;awmf odk0ff 468 8 April 1649 cgudk0f ay;rnfvmonf qdkvdkuf\/ xD;awmfudk0f jyD;atmif pD&ifawmfrlpOf ykPÖm;tZm*½ku &Sdcdk0foHawmfOD; wifonf/ Zmwmawmfü tvHk;pHkonf okntjyufnDonf/ aA'if oHk;yHkrSvmaom t|uxm#Dum xGuf½dk0frsm;wGifvnf; okntjyufnDonf/ udk,fawmfudk,f owdjyKawmfrlyg/ vlUjynfnD;í ewfjynfpH&cJhvQif a&Tvufawmf ESifhudkifí tvSLawmfay;&cJhonf/ cgom? u&wwf? &rwd? ydwfzsif? ykqdk0fxnfpaom t&mawmfwdkUudk0f vufawmfudkifí vSLawmfrlyg/ tvSLawmftzdkUudk r[myx0Dudkwdkif oufaojyKí trQa0awmfrlyg avQmuf&m wGif tZm*½kykPÖm;i,fu twwftMuyfavQmufapxyfí trdefUawmf&Sdjyefí tZm*½kudk0f ac:í ar;vQif a&S;enf;qdk0fonf/ rif;q&mu twwfavQmufap trdefUawmf&SdaMumif;udk0fqdk0f\/ tZm*½kykPÖm;oHawmfOD;wifonf? r[m"r®&mZf ouú&mZf 1010 awmfovif; vjynfhausmf 1&uf 5aeU (28 August 1648) n4csufwD;ausmf 2em&D 2ygwf 13ADZema&mufvQif tm,kawmfjywfrnf ta[m&Sdonf avQmuf&mwGif tZm*½kykPÖm;udk xdk0faeUa&mufaomtcg jAJwdkufawmfwGif em&DcGufESifh apmifhaeap/ rrSef,Gif;cRwfvQifudk,frSpí r,m;om;orD;aqGrsdK0f om;csif; wdk0fudk0f pyfavmif;í rD;wdkufrmf trdefUawmf &Sdjyef\/ udk,fawmfwGif a&m*gr&Sd yuwdcefUom;awmfrlvsuf usrf;*ef"r®owfjzwfxHk;&mZyHk&mZxHk;wdkUudk rif;wdkif yiftwGif;0efwdk0fESifh pum;ajymqdkí aeawmfrl\/ xD;awmfudk0fvnf; oGif;í rjywfMunfh½Iawmfrl\/ tm;&ESpfoufawmfrl\/ awmfovif;vqef; 13&ufaeU (20 August 1648) avmukwå&m q&m awmfyk*HodkU pHk\/ vjynfhaeU ESvHk;awmfrtm;rvwf &Sdawmfrl\/ ZmvuGefpm;wdkUudk0f pD&ifaomt&m? om;awmf iwvkwfuRefwdkUudk0f pD&ifaom tcsuf? nDawmfrif;&JausmfpGm tMuD;wdkUudk0f pD&ifaom trIwdkUudk0f atmifharh awmfrl&mwGif aMumufvefUawmfrlaom pdwfjzpfí ovGefawmfxuf rsufESmMuuf rSm aumif;rIawmf&m ZrPdplVmapwDawmf ok"r®mZ&yfywfvnf r[m&Hausmif; awmf 4ausmif; 469 8 April 1649 ausmif;&H70? yd#uwfwdkuf? odMum;*lpaom t&m&mwdkUudk0f a&;apí rsufESmMuufap/ igMunfhawmfrlrnf rdefUawmfrlí pD&if&\/ vjynfhausmf 1&ufaeU (28 August 1648) eHeuf 4csufwD;ausmf wem&D upí tZm*½kykPÖm; em&DcGufudk a&tifjzifh xnfhxm;í apmifh&\/ tZm*½k ae&modk0f 470 8 April 1649 5000qGrf;auR;\/ taeuZmwif\/ t&HapmifhMuD;o'¨goka'0ygedwdkUESifh vlOD;a& 81a,mufwudk0f 4if;? 0wåKuHajrwdkUudk 4if;? tvSLawmfpmzwfí vSLawmfrl\/ a&Tu&m;ESifh a&pufcsa0awmfrl\/ crnf;awmfbk&m;vufxuf awmfu eef;wufyl (aZmfawmf) pmwrf;wGif wbufaiGoydwf 5 wbuf aiGuvyf 5 tvSLawmfudk0f apwDawmfa&mH vSLydk0f&\/ oifykwfawmfydk0f waumif;aq;ul;wdkU wpif;oem;awmfrl\/ ywåjrm;apwD? yknapwD? &mefatmifjrif tvSLawmfoifykwfawmf 0wfudk0f bdk0fawmfbk&m;? bMuD;awmfbk&m;? crnf;awmfbk&m; pm;OD;0wfawmfrsm;udk0f bk&m;a&muf ydk0f&onf/ vlwdk0fpD;&eful;wdk0f waumif;aq;wGif oem;awmfrl\/ (rsdK;Munfh 1944/ 98-171-7ay/ wufA[dk 45235) 471