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Burmese Buddhist Imagery of the Early Bagan Period (1044 – 1113) Buddhism Is an Integral Part of Burmese Culture
Burmese Buddhist Imagery of the Early Bagan Period (1044 – 1113) 2 Volumes By Charlotte Kendrick Galloway A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy of The Australian National University November 2006 ii Declaration I declare that to the best of my knowledge, unless where cited, this thesis is my own original work. Signed: Date: Charlotte Kendrick Galloway iii Acknowledgments There are a number of people whose assistance, advice and general support, has enabled me to complete my research: Dr Alexandra Green, Dr Bob Hudson, Dr Pamela Gutman, Dick Richards, Dr Tilman Frasch, Sylvia Fraser- Lu, Dr Royce Wiles, Dr Don Stadtner, Dr Catherine Raymond, Prof Michael Greenhalgh, Ma Khin Mar Mar Kyi, U Aung Kyaing, Dr Than Tun, Sao Htun Hmat Win, U Sai Aung Tun and Dr Thant Thaw Kaung. I thank them all, whether for their direct assistance in matters relating to Burma, for their ability to inspire me, or for simply providing encouragement. I thank my colleagues, past and present, at the National Gallery of Australia and staff at ANU who have also provided support during my thesis candidature, in particular: Ben Divall, Carol Cains, Christine Dixon, Jane Kinsman, Mark Henshaw, Lyn Conybeare, Margaret Brown and Chaitanya Sambrani. I give special mention to U Thaw Kaung, whose personal generosity and encouragement of those of us worldwide who express a keen interest in the study of Burma's rich cultural history, has ensured that I was able to achieve my own personal goals. There is no doubt that without his assistance and interest in my work, my ability to undertake the research required would have been severely compromised – thank you. -
5) Bayinnaung in the Hanthawadi Shinbyumya Shin Ayedawbon Chronicle 2.Pmd
Bayinnaung in the Hanthawadi Hsinbyumya Shin Ayedawbon Chronicle by Thaw Kaung King Bayinnaung (AD 1551-1581) is known and respected in Myanmar as a great war- rior king of renown. Bayinnaung refers to himself in the only inscription that he left as “the Conqueror of the Ten Directions”.1 but this epithet is not found in the main Myanmar chronicles or in the Ayedawbon texts. Professor D. G. E. Hall of Rangoon University wrote that “Bayinnaung was a born leader of men. the greatest ever produced by Burma. ”2 There is a separate Ayedawbon historical chronicle devoted specifically to the campaigns and achievements of Bayinnaung entitled Hsinbyumya-shin Ayedawbon.3 Ayedawbon The term Ayedawbon means “a historical account of a royal campaign” 4 It also means a chronicle which records the campaigns and achivements of great kings like Rajadirit, Bayinnaung and Alaungphaya. The Ayedawbon is a Myanmar historical text which records : (1) How great men of prowess like Bayinnaung consolidated their power and became king. (2) How these kings retained their power by military campaigns, diplomacy, alliances and 1. For the full text of The Bell Inscription of King Bayinnaung see Report of the Superintendent, Archaeological Survey, Burma . 1953. Published 1955. p. 17-18. For the English translations by Dr. Than Tun and U Sein Myint see Myanmar Historical Research Journal. no. 8 (Dec. 2001) p. 16-20, 23-27. 2. D. G. E. Hall. Burma. 2nd ed. London : Hutchinson’s University Library, 1956. p.41. 3. The variant titles are Hsinbyushin Ayedawbon and Hanthawadi Ayedawbon. 4. Myanmar - English Dictionary. -
Appendix to Atula Hsayadaw Shin Yasa: a Critical Biography of An
Appendix to Atula Hsayadaw Shin Yasa: a Critical Biography of an Eighteenth‐Century Burmese Monk: Documents related to Atula’s trial in 1784 (version 1.1) Alexey Kirichenko This appendix contains documents that detail the progress of Atula’s trial in 1784 or that were, in my analysis, relevant to it. The original Burmese text of each document is reproduced followed by either a translation or a summary of a document. I also provide comments that explain the contents and the purpose of the document in question. All documents are in chronological order and numbered sequentially. The references in the biography follow these numbers. In reproducing Burmese texts, the original spelling of the manuscripts or the source publications was provisionally retained (with few corrections). In later versions of this appendix I plan to edit the documents in accordance with modern Burmese spelling conventions. The summaries detail the key messages of documents simplifying the style and omitting the quotes from Buddhist texts and some minor points. In future versions the summaries will be replaced by full translations. Document no. 1 Royal order dated the eight day of the waning moon of Nayon 1144 (June 3, 1782) Text: /bkefawmfBuD;jrwfawmfrlvSaom omoem'g,umawmf b0&Sifrifw&m;BuD; trdefUawmf&Sdonf? t&yf&yf q&mawmfoCFmawmftaygifwdkU/ avtoacsFESifh urÇmwodef; yg&rDq,fyg; tjym;oHk;q,fudk jznfhawmfrlí oyÜnKtjzpfodkU a&mufawmfrlaom bk&m;jrwfpGm y&dedAÁmef,lawmfrlonfaemuf ykxkZOf&[ef;wdkU toD;oD; t,l0g' uGJjym;usifhaqmifMuonf/ tZmwowf umvmaomu oD&d"r®maomurifwdkUudk -
Shwe U Daung and the Burmese Sherlock Holmes: to Be a Modern Burmese Citizen Living in a Nation‐State, 1889 – 1962
Shwe U Daung and the Burmese Sherlock Holmes: To be a modern Burmese citizen living in a nation‐state, 1889 – 1962 Yuri Takahashi Southeast Asian Studies School of Languages and Cultures Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences The University of Sydney April 2017 A thesis submitted in fulfilment of requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Statement of originality This is to certify that to the best of my knowledge, the content of this thesis is my own work. This thesis has not been submitted for any degree or other purposes. I certify that the intellectual content of this thesis is the product of my own work and that all the assistance received in preparing this thesis and sources has been acknowledged. Yuri Takahashi 2 April 2017 CONTENTS page Acknowledgements i Notes vi Abstract vii Figures ix Introduction 1 Chapter 1 Biography Writing as History and Shwe U Daung 20 Chapter 2 A Family after the Fall of Mandalay: Shwe U Daung’s Childhood and School Life 44 Chapter 3 Education, Occupation and Marriage 67 Chapter ‘San Shar the Detective’ and Burmese Society between 1917 and 1930 88 Chapter 5 ‘San Shar the Detective’ and Burmese Society between 1930 and 1945 114 Chapter 6 ‘San Shar the Detective’ and Burmese Society between 1945 and 1962 140 Conclusion 166 Appendix 1 A biography of Shwe U Daung 172 Appendix 2 Translation of Pyone Cho’s Buddhist songs 175 Bibliography 193 i ACKNOWLEGEMENTS I came across Shwe U Daung’s name quite a long time ago in a class on the history of Burmese literature at Tokyo University of Foreign Studies. -
THAN, TUN Citation the ROYAL ORDERS of BURMA, AD 1598-1885
Title Introduction Author(s) THAN, TUN THE ROYAL ORDERS OF BURMA, A.D. 1598-1885 (1985), Citation 2: [7]-[18] Issue Date 1985 URL http://hdl.handle.net/2433/173789 Right Type Departmental Bulletin Paper Textversion publisher Kyoto University INTRODUCTION THE ROYAL ORDERS are arranged in chronological order. A few of the earlier orders that should have been published in Part One, however, were left out for reasons of, what I think, anachronism. Some words, phrases and place names in them do not belong to the date given in them. They are now included in Part Two. Because on second thought, I consider it best to leave the decision to the scholars.: When a date is missing where it should be, I supply it in parenthesis after checking the event in the order against any other record available including the chronicles. When it fails, I would simply give it a date of an order before it or after it as the case may be, because a date ls essential in an order and it was.only through sl~ght that the scribe who had it copied failed to mention it. In the course of collecting these orders, I found quite a number of notes and observations which are not orders but which could be profitably used with the orders. I intend to edit them and put them in an appendix to the last number of these books on the Royal Orders of Burma. A brief survey of political situation ln Burma after the fall of Pagan, as mentioned in some Burmese and Mon inscriptions would be of some interest here. -
Thai-Burmese Warfare During the Sixteenth Century and the Growth of the First Toungoo Empire1
Thai-Burmese warfare during the sixteenth century 69 THAI-BURMESE WARFARE DURING THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY AND THE GROWTH OF THE FIRST TOUNGOO EMPIRE1 Pamaree Surakiat Abstract A new historical interpretation of the pre-modern relations between Thailand and Burma is proposed here by analyzing these relations within the wider historical context of the formation of mainland Southeast Asian states. The focus is on how Thai- Burmese warfare during the sixteenth century was connected to the growth and development of the first Toungoo empire. An attempt is made to answer the questions: how and why sixteenth century Thai-Burmese warfare is distinguished from previous warfare, and which fundamental factors and conditions made possible the invasion of Ayutthaya by the first Toungoo empire. Introduction As neighbouring countries, Thailand and Burma not only share a long border but also have a profoundly interrelated history. During the first Toungoo empire in the mid-sixteenth century and during the early Konbaung empire from the mid-eighteenth to early nineteenth centuries, the two major kingdoms of mainland Southeast Asia waged wars against each other numerous times. This warfare was very important to the growth and development of both kingdoms and to other mainland Southeast Asian polities as well. 1 This article is a revision of the presentations in the 18th IAHA Conference, Academia Sinica (December 2004, Taipei) and The Golden Jubilee International Conference (January 2005, Yangon). A great debt of gratitude is owed to Dr. Sunait Chutintaranond, Professor John Okell, Sarah Rooney, Dr. Michael W. Charney, Saya U Myint Thein, Dr. Dhiravat na Pombejra and Professor Michael Smithies. -
Ayut'ia Men in the Service of Burmese Kings. 16Th & 17Th Centuries
Southeast Asian Studies, Vol. 21, No.4, March 1984 Notes Ayut'ia Men in the Service of Burmese Kings. 16th & 17th Centuries Than TUN* Burmese kings residing either at Han able-bodied youths were recruited into the thawaddy in lower Bunna or at Ava in armed forces of the Burmese kings. upper Burma during the 16th and 17th There are no records telling us who centuries (and for some decades early in these prisoners of war were, from where the 18th century) made frequent wars they were captured or to where they were with T'ais living at Kaunghan (Keng sent. There are also no clues that would hung), Linzin (Vien Chang/Vientiane),!) enable us to trace their descendants. As a Yodaya (Ayut'ia) and Zinme (Chie matter of fact these aliens mixed so freely ngmai).2) Some of these wars of course with the natives that their roots were ended with disaster for the Burmese side completely forgotten. Nevertheless we have but others were successful. After each some stray references to them in the triumphant campaign, several T'ai artisans chronicle called the Mhannan: compiled by skilled in various handicrafts and many a Royal Order of 3 May 1829 and also in artistes of the same race accomplished in some reports made after royal orders various forms of entertainment, with or asking about these T'ai service men. without musical instrUITlents, were sent to When a king became interested in some the capital of the Burmese king. Selected monument or institution, he would ask for young men and women would be sent all possible infornlation on it or ask some abroad to be sold as slaves,3) but other one to con1pile a history ofit. -
A Study on the Biographical Sources
J. Myanmar Acad. Arts Sci. 2018 Vol. XVI. No. 7 A STUDY ON THE BIOGRAPHICAL SOURCES Khin Thuzar Kyi* Abstract This paper studies the biographical sources. They are one of the important sources of reference service in a library. They give not only information about people who are or were well-known, their birth, deaths and the descriptions of their lives and achievements but also inspiration and entertainment for readers. Biographical sources reflect a person’s experiences thoughts and feelings. The paper includes background history of biographical sources and their types, characteristics and usefulness as a reference work. It uses Survey research method was used to collect the biographical sources. It is provided to librarians for reference service and readers to know valuable and useful biographical information. Key words: biographical sources, reference sources Introduction Most people who read books tend to have a particular type of book they favor. Some of the readers read novels, some even focus on a certain genre, like science fiction or mysteries. Some read extensively and largely exclusively in their area of career focus. Reading a great biographical books can be allowed the reader to see the world in new ways. Today, libraries give many services to readers and scholars. After collecting the information sources, they are arranged symmetrically according to classification scheme. These procedures are called technical services that include collection, cataloguing and classification of library materials. Librarians provide many services for readers and scholars depending on library materials especially books. Main function of a library to fulfill is the need of users that at right time and right information. -
Buddhism and Written Law: Dhammasattha Manuscripts and Texts in Premodern Burma
BUDDHISM AND WRITTEN LAW: DHAMMASATTHA MANUSCRIPTS AND TEXTS IN PREMODERN BURMA A Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Cornell University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy by Dietrich Christian Lammerts May 2010 2010 Dietrich Christian Lammerts BUDDHISM AND WRITTEN LAW: DHAMMASATTHA MANUSCRIPTS AND TEXTS IN PREMODERN BURMA Dietrich Christian Lammerts, Ph.D. Cornell University 2010 This dissertation examines the regional and local histories of dhammasattha, the preeminent Pali, bilingual, and vernacular genre of Buddhist legal literature transmitted in premodern Burma and Southeast Asia. It provides the first critical analysis of the dating, content, form, and function of surviving dhammasattha texts based on a careful study of hitherto unexamined Burmese and Pali manuscripts. It underscores the importance for Buddhist and Southeast Asian Studies of paying careful attention to complex manuscript traditions, multilingual post- and para- canonical literatures, commentarial strategies, and the regional South-Southeast Asian literary, historical, and religious context of the development of local legal and textual practices. Part One traces the genesis of dhammasattha during the first and early second millennia C.E. through inscriptions and literary texts from India, Cambodia, Campå, Java, Lakå, and Burma and investigates its historical and legal-theoretical relationships with the Sanskrit Bråhmaˆical dharmaßåstra tradition and Pali Buddhist literature. It argues that during this period aspects of this genre of written law, akin to other disciplines such as alchemy or medicine, functioned in both Buddhist and Bråhmaˆical contexts, and that this ecumenical legal culture persisted in certain areas such as Burma and Java well into the early modern period. -
Appendix Appendix
APPENDIX APPENDIX DYNASTIC LISTS, WITH GOVERNORS AND GOVERNORS-GENERAL Burma and Arakan: A. Rulers of Pagan before 1044 B. The Pagan dynasty, 1044-1287 C. Myinsaing and Pinya, 1298-1364 D. Sagaing, 1315-64 E. Ava, 1364-1555 F. The Toungoo dynasty, 1486-1752 G. The Alaungpaya or Konbaung dynasty, 1752- 1885 H. Mon rulers of Hanthawaddy (Pegu) I. Arakan Cambodia: A. Funan B. Chenla C. The Angkor monarchy D. The post-Angkor period Champa: A. Linyi B. Champa Indonesia and Malaya: A. Java, Pre-Muslim period B. Java, Muslim period C. Malacca D. Acheh (Achin) E. Governors-General of the Netherlands East Indies Tai Dynasties: A. Sukhot'ai B. Ayut'ia C. Bangkok D. Muong Swa E. Lang Chang F. Vien Chang (Vientiane) G. Luang Prabang 954 APPENDIX 955 Vietnam: A. The Hong-Bang, 2879-258 B.c. B. The Thuc, 257-208 B.C. C. The Trieu, 207-I I I B.C. D. The Earlier Li, A.D. 544-602 E. The Ngo, 939-54 F. The Dinh, 968-79 G. The Earlier Le, 980-I009 H. The Later Li, I009-I225 I. The Tran, 1225-I400 J. The Ho, I400-I407 K. The restored Tran, I407-I8 L. The Later Le, I4I8-I8o4 M. The Mac, I527-I677 N. The Trinh, I539-I787 0. The Tay-Son, I778-I8o2 P. The Nguyen Q. Governors and governors-general of French Indo China APPENDIX DYNASTIC LISTS BURMA AND ARAKAN A. RULERS OF PAGAN BEFORE IOH (According to the Burmese chronicles) dat~ of accusion 1. Pyusawti 167 2. Timinyi, son of I 242 3· Yimminpaik, son of 2 299 4· Paikthili, son of 3 . -
Two Compilers of Myanmar History and Their Chronicles
Two Compilers of Myanmar History and their Chronicles Thaw Kaung* Introduction From about the second or third decade of the 18th century to mid- 19th century, a profusion of historical works were compiled in Myanmar. It was the great age of Myanmar historical writing. Myint Swe1 lists (9) works for the late 18th century and (12) works for the early 19th century. Victor Lieberman, in a fascinating new book2, has also written of the popularization of historical and legal texts in Myanmar from around 1711. With cultural integration in early 18th century Myanmar, there was wider literacy, and laymen, not monks, began to dominate the transmission of information scene. The first real chronicle of Myanmar was written in prose by U Kala (c. 1678–1738), the Maha Yazawin- daw-gyi (The Great Chronicle)3, probably in the third decade of the 18th century. To cite Victor Lieberman ''After U Kala came a rain of [imperial] chronicles'' including both private and official histories, by laymen as well as monks4. On 3rd May 1829 King Bagyidaw (1819-1837) appointed a committee of thirteen “learned monks, learned Brahmans [Punnas] and * Member, Myanmar Historical Commission. 1. Myint Swe. '' Kyan-u Nidan'' [Introduction] to Twin-thin Taik-wun Maha Sithu. Twin-thin Myanmar Yazawin-thit. Yangon: Min Yazar Sar-oke Taik, 1968. p. na-nge (e) to na-gyi (P) 2. Victor Lieberman. Strange Parallels: Southeast Asia in Global Context, c 800-1830 . Cambridge: University Press, 2003. Vol. 1. p. 198. 3. U Kala. Maha Yazawin-daw-gyi; edited by Saya Pwa. Yangon: Burma Research Society at Pyi-gyi Mandaing Press: Vol. -
The Trend of the Role of Ramańńa Nikāya in the Next Decade in Mon State
THE TREND OF THE ROLE OF RAMAÑÑA NIKĀYA IN THE NEXT DECADE IN MON STATE Ven. Za Wa Na A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of The Requirement for the Degree of Master of Arts (Buddhist Studies) Graduate School Mahachulalongkornrajavidyalaya University C.E. 2017 The Trend of the Role of Rãmañña Nikāya in the Next Decade in Mon State Ven. Za Wa Na A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of The Requirement for the Degree of Master of Arts (Buddhist Studies) Graduate School Mahachulalongkornrajavidyalaya University C.E. 2017 (Copyright by Mahachulalongkornrajavidyalaya University) ii Thesis Title : The Trend of the Role of Rãmañña Nikāya in the Next Decade in Mon State Researcher : Ven. Za Wa Na Degree : Master of Arts ( Buddhist Studies) Thesis Supervisory Committee : Asst. Prof. Dr. Phramaha Hansa Dhammahaso : Pali V, B.A. (Philosophy) M.A. (Buddhist Studies) : Ph.D. (Buddhist Studies) : Asst. Prof. Dr. Sanu Mahatthanadull : B.A (Advertisement) M.A (Buddhist Studies) : Ph.D. (Buddhist Studies) Date of Graduation :16/ 03 / 2017 Abstract This qualitative research has three main objectives namely: (1) to study the origin and development of Rãmañña Nikāya in Mon State, (2) to study the characteristics and practices of Ramañña Nikāya Association, (3) to analyze the Trend of the Roles of Ramañña Nikāya in the Next Decade in Mon State. The result of the study found that Mon Buddhism began and develop before Pegan, during Pegan and after Pegan from three periods during conflict civil war. Based on the results of the analysis, the study presents possible solutions to the conflict. These periods will present and explain various conditions based on the results of the analysis from a long time in the history of Ramañña Nikāya.