Crossing Aspectual Frontiers: Emergence, Evolution, and Interwoven Semantic Domains in South Conchucos Quechua Discourse
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Aspect shifts in Indo-Aryan and trajectories of semantic change1 Cleo Condoravdi and Ashwini Deo Abstract: The grammaticalization literature notes the cross-linguistic robustness of a diachronic pat- tern involving the aspectual categories resultative, perfect, and perfective. Resultative aspect markers often develop into perfect markers, which then end up as perfect plus perfective markers. We intro- duce supporting data from the history of Old and Middle Indo-Aryan languages, whose instantiation of this pattern has not been previously noted. We provide a semantic analysis of the resultative, the perfect, and the aspectual category that combines perfect and perfective. Our analysis reveals the change to be a two-step generalization (semantic weakening) from the original resultative meaning. 1 Introduction The emergence of new functional expressions and the changes in their distribution and interpretation over time have been shown to be systematic across languages, as well as across a variety of semantic domains. These observations have led scholars to construe such changes in terms of “clines”, or predetermined trajectories, along which expressions move in time. Specifically, the typological literature, based on large-scale grammaticaliza- tion studies, has discovered several such trajectorial shifts in the domain of tense, aspect, and modality. Three properties characterize such shifts: (a) the categories involved are sta- ble across cross-linguistic instantiations; (b) the paths of change are unidirectional; (c) the shifts are uniformly generalizing (Heine, Claudi, and H¨unnemeyer 1991; Bybee, Perkins, and Pagliuca 1994; Haspelmath 1999; Dahl 2000; Traugott and Dasher 2002; Hopper and Traugott 2003; Kiparsky 2012). A well-known trajectory is the one in (1). -
Serial Verb Constructions Revisited: a Case Study from Koro
Serial Verb Constructions Revisited: A Case Study from Koro By Jessica Cleary-Kemp A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Linguistics in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Associate Professor Lev D. Michael, Chair Assistant Professor Peter S. Jenks Professor William F. Hanks Summer 2015 © Copyright by Jessica Cleary-Kemp All Rights Reserved Abstract Serial Verb Constructions Revisited: A Case Study from Koro by Jessica Cleary-Kemp Doctor of Philosophy in Linguistics University of California, Berkeley Associate Professor Lev D. Michael, Chair In this dissertation a methodology for identifying and analyzing serial verb constructions (SVCs) is developed, and its application is exemplified through an analysis of SVCs in Koro, an Oceanic language of Papua New Guinea. SVCs involve two main verbs that form a single predicate and share at least one of their arguments. In addition, they have shared values for tense, aspect, and mood, and they denote a single event. The unique syntactic and semantic properties of SVCs present a number of theoretical challenges, and thus they have invited great interest from syntacticians and typologists alike. But characterizing the nature of SVCs and making generalizations about the typology of serializing languages has proven difficult. There is still debate about both the surface properties of SVCs and their underlying syntactic structure. The current work addresses some of these issues by approaching serialization from two angles: the typological and the language-specific. On the typological front, it refines the definition of ‘SVC’ and develops a principled set of cross-linguistically applicable diagnostics. -
Aktionsart and Aspect in Qiang
The 2005 International Course and Conference on RRG, Academia Sinica, Taipei, June 26-30 AKTIONSART AND ASPECT IN QIANG Huang Chenglong Institute of Ethnology & Anthropology Chinese Academy of Social Sciences E-mail: [email protected] Abstract The Qiang language reflects a basic Aktionsart dichotomy in the classification of stative and active verbs, the form of verbs directly reflects the elements of the lexical decomposition. Generally, State or activity is the basic form of the verb, which becomes an achievement or accomplishment when it takes a directional prefix, and becomes a causative achievement or causative accomplishment when it takes the causative suffix. It shows that grammatical aspect and Aktionsart seem to play much of a systematic role. Semantically, on the one hand, there is a clear-cut boundary between states and activities, but morphologically, however, there is no distinction between them. Both of them take the same marking to encode lexical aspect (Aktionsart), and grammatical aspect does not entirely correspond with lexical aspect. 1.0. Introduction The Ronghong variety of Qiang is spoken in Yadu Township (雅都鄉), Mao County (茂縣), Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture (阿壩藏族羌族自治州), Sichuan Province (四川省), China. It has more than 3,000 speakers. The Ronghong variety of Qiang belongs to the Yadu subdialect (雅都土語) of the Northern dialect of Qiang (羌語北部方言). It is mutually intelligible with other subdialects within the Northern dialect, but mutually unintelligible with other subdialects within the Southern dialect. In this paper we use Aktionsart and lexical decomposition, as developed by Van Valin and LaPolla (1997, Ch. 3 and Ch. 4), to discuss lexical aspect, grammatical aspect and the relationship between them in Qiang. -
Table of Contents
August-September 2015 Edition 4 _____________________________________________________________________________________ We’re excited to share the positive work of tribal nations and communities, Native families and organizations, and the Administration that empowers our youth to thrive. In partnership with the My Brother’s Keeper, Generation Indigenous (“Gen-I”), and First Kids 1st Initiatives, please join our First Kids 1st community and share your stories and best practices that are creating a positive impact for Native youth. To highlight your stories in future newsletters, send your information to [email protected]. TABLE OF CONTENTS I. Youth Highlights II. Upcoming Opportunities & Announcements III. Call for Future Content *************************************************************************************************** 1 th Sault Ste. Marie Celebrates Youth Council’s 20 Anniversary On September 18 and 19, the Sault Ste. Marie Tribal Youth Council (TYC) 20-Year Anniversary Mini Conference & Celebration was held at the Kewadin Casino & Convention Center. It was a huge success with approximately 40 youth attending from across the Sault Ste. Marie Tribe of Chippewa Indians service area. For the past 20 years, tribal youth grades 8-12 have taken on Childhood Obesity, Suicide and Bullying Prevention, Drug Abuse, and Domestic Violence in their communities. The Youth Council has produced PSAs, workshops, and presentations that have been done on local, tribal, state, and national levels and also hold the annual Bike the Sites event, a 47-mile bicycle ride to raise awareness on Childhood Obesity and its effects. TYC alumni provided testimony on their experiences with the youth council and how TYC has helped them in their walk in life. The celebration continued during the evening with approximately 100 community members expressing their support during the potluck feast and drum social held at the Sault Tribe’s Culture Building. -
Corpus Study of Tense, Aspect, and Modality in Diglossic Speech in Cairene Arabic
CORPUS STUDY OF TENSE, ASPECT, AND MODALITY IN DIGLOSSIC SPEECH IN CAIRENE ARABIC BY OLA AHMED MOSHREF DISSERTATION Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Linguistics in the Graduate College of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2012 Urbana, Illinois Doctoral Committee: Professor Elabbas Benmamoun, Chair Professor Eyamba Bokamba Professor Rakesh M. Bhatt Assistant Professor Marina Terkourafi ABSTRACT Morpho-syntactic features of Modern Standard Arabic mix intricately with those of Egyptian Colloquial Arabic in ordinary speech. I study the lexical, phonological and syntactic features of verb phrase morphemes and constituents in different tenses, aspects, moods. A corpus of over 3000 phrases was collected from religious, political/economic and sports interviews on four Egyptian satellite TV channels. The computational analysis of the data shows that systematic and content morphemes from both varieties of Arabic combine in principled ways. Syntactic considerations play a critical role with regard to the frequency and direction of code-switching between the negative marker, subject, or complement on one hand and the verb on the other. Morph-syntactic constraints regulate different types of discourse but more formal topics may exhibit more mixing between Colloquial aspect or future markers and Standard verbs. ii To the One Arab Dream that will come true inshaa’ Allah! عربية أنا.. أميت دمها خري الدماء.. كما يقول أيب الشاعر العراقي: بدر شاكر السياب Arab I am.. My nation’s blood is the finest.. As my father says Iraqi Poet: Badr Shaker Elsayyab iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I’m sincerely thankful to my advisor Prof. Elabbas Benmamoun, who during the six years of my study at UIUC was always kind, caring and supportive on the personal and academic levels. -
Bringing the Story of the Cheyenne People to the Children of Today Northern Cheyenne Social Studies Units Northern Cheyenne Curriculum Committee 2006
Indian Education for All Bringing the Story of the Cheyenne People to the Children of Today Northern Cheyenne Social Studies Units Northern Cheyenne Curriculum Committee 2006 Ready - to - Go Grant Elsie Arntzen, Superintendent • Montana Office of Public Instruction • www.opi.mt.gov LAME DEER SCHOOLS NORTHERN CHEYENNE SOCIAL STUDIES CURRICULUM TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction & Curriculum Framework ........................................................................3 Core Understandings & Learning Objectives ...............................................................8 Glossary for Lesson Content .......................................................................................17 Northern Cheyenne Recommended Grade Level Content ..........................................21 Northern Cheyenne Social Studies Model Lessons Grades 1-12 With Northern Cheyenne Content Resources .........................................................23 APPENDIX Pertinent Web Sites ....................................................................................................... 2 Protocol for Guest Speakers.......................................................................................... 3 Day of the Visit ............................................................................................................. 4 Chronology of Northern Cheyenne Government (Board Approved) .......................... 5 Amended Constitution & Bylaws of the Northern Cheyenne Tribe ............................ 9 Treaties with the Northern Cheyenne Tribe .............................................................. -
Unity and Diversity in Grammaticalization Scenarios
Unity and diversity in grammaticalization scenarios Edited by Walter Bisang Andrej Malchukov language Studies in Diversity Linguistics 16 science press Studies in Diversity Linguistics Chief Editor: Martin Haspelmath In this series: 1. Handschuh, Corinna. A typology of marked-S languages. 2. Rießler, Michael. Adjective attribution. 3. Klamer, Marian (ed.). The Alor-Pantar languages: History and typology. 4. Berghäll, Liisa. A grammar of Mauwake (Papua New Guinea). 5. Wilbur, Joshua. A grammar of Pite Saami. 6. Dahl, Östen. Grammaticalization in the North: Noun phrase morphosyntax in Scandinavian vernaculars. 7. Schackow, Diana. A grammar of Yakkha. 8. Liljegren, Henrik. A grammar of Palula. 9. Shimelman, Aviva. A grammar of Yauyos Quechua. 10. Rudin, Catherine & Bryan James Gordon (eds.). Advances in the study of Siouan languages and linguistics. 11. Kluge, Angela. A grammar of Papuan Malay. 12. Kieviet, Paulus. A grammar of Rapa Nui. 13. Michaud, Alexis. Tone in Yongning Na: Lexical tones and morphotonology. 14. Enfield, N. J (ed.). Dependencies in language: On the causal ontology of linguistic systems. 15. Gutman, Ariel. Attributive constructions in North-Eastern Neo-Aramaic. 16. Bisang, Walter & Andrej Malchukov (eds.). Unity and diversity in grammaticalization scenarios. ISSN: 2363-5568 Unity and diversity in grammaticalization scenarios Edited by Walter Bisang Andrej Malchukov language science press Walter Bisang & Andrej Malchukov (eds.). 2017. Unity and diversity in grammaticalization scenarios (Studies in Diversity Linguistics -
The Semantics of Progressive Aspect: a Thorough Study MOUSUME AKHTER FLORA & S.M
The Semantics of Progressive Aspect: A Thorough Study MOUSUME AKHTER FLORA & S.M. MOHIBUL HASAN Abstract In English grammar, verbs have two important characteristics--tense and aspect. Grammatically tense is marked in two ways: Present and Past. English verbs can have another property called aspect, applicable in both present and past forms of verbs. There are two major types of morphologically marked aspects in English verbs: progressive and perfective. While present and past tenses are morphologically marked by the forms verb+s/es (as in He plays) and verb+d/ed (as in He played) respectively, the morphological representations of progressive and perfective aspects in the tenses are verb+ing (He is/was playing) and verb+d/ed/n/en (He has/had played) respectively. This paper focuses only on one type of aspectual feature of verbs--present progressive. It analyses the use of present progressive in terms of semantics and explains its use in different contexts for durative conclusive and non-conclusive use, for its use in relation to time of reference, and for its use in some special cases. Then it considers the restrictions on the use of progressive aspect in both present and past tenses based on the nature of verbs and duration of time. 1. Introduction ‘Aspect’ has been widely discussed in English grammar with respect to the internal structure of actions, states and events as it revolves around the grammatical category of English verb groups and tenses. Depending on the interpretations of actions, states, and events as a feature of the verbs or as a matter of speaker’s viewpoint, two approaches are available for aspect: ‘Temporal’ and ‘Non-temporal’. -
A Synthesis of Obviation in Algonquian Languages
A Synthesis of Obviation in Algonquian Languages by Irina Volchok A Thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies of The University of Manitoba in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of MASTER OF ARTS Department of Linguistics University of Manitoba Winnipeg Copyright© 2019 Irina Volchok iii Abstract One of the most prominent features of the Algonquian languages of North America is obviation, a third person referencing system. Although it has been known for nearly 400 years, linguists are still debating about its role and function. This work seeks to synthesize what is already known about obviation and what is still unresolved. More specifically, it looks at the syntactic and discourse working principles of obviation in different types of noun phrases, and in single, conjoined, complement, and adverbial clauses, as well as in narratives and in elicitation. iv Table of Contents Abstract .......................................................................................................................................... iii Table of Contents ........................................................................................................................... iv Chapter I: Introduction .................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Geographical Location of Algonquian Languages ................................................................ 1 1.2 Classification of Algonquian Languages ........................................................................... -
Santa Fe Trail
Santa Fe Trail THE OLD SANTA FE TRAIL The Story of a Great Highway By COLONEL HENRY INMAN Late Assistant Quartermaster, United States Army With a Preface by W. F. "BUFFALO BILL" CODY PREFACE. As we look into the open fire for our fancies, so we are apt to study the dim past for the wonderful and sublime, forgetful of the fact that the present is a constant romance, and that the happenings of to-day which we count of little importance are sure to startle somebody in the future, and engage the pen of the historian, philosopher, and poet. Accustomed as we are to think of the vast steppes of Russia and Siberia as alike strange and boundless, and to deal with the unkown interior of Africa as an impenetrable mystery, we lose sight of a locality in our own country that once surpassed all these in virgin grandeur, in majestic solitude, and in all the attributes of a tremendous wilderness. The story of the Old Santa Fe Trail, so truthfully recalled by Colonel Henry Inman, ex-officer of the old Regular Army, in these pages, is a most thrilling one. The vast area through which the famous highway ran is still imperfectly known to most people as "The West"; a designation once appropriate, but hardly applicable now; for in these days of easy communication the real trail region is not so far removed from New York as Buffalo was seventy years ago. At the commencement of the "commerce of the prairies," in the early portion of the century, the Old Trail was the arena of almost constant sanguinary struggles between the wily nomads of the desert and the Page 1 Santa Fe Trail hardy white pioneers, whose eventful lives made the civilization of the vast interior region of our continent possible. -
A Treatise on the Assault on Language Sovereignty in the United States: History, Education, and Implications for Policy
University of Montana ScholarWorks at University of Montana Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers Graduate School 2014 A Treatise on the Assault on Language Sovereignty in the United States: History, Education, and Implications for Policy Annie Thornburg Oakes The University of Montana Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Oakes, Annie Thornburg, "A Treatise on the Assault on Language Sovereignty in the United States: History, Education, and Implications for Policy" (2014). Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers. 4407. https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/4407 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at ScholarWorks at University of Montana. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at University of Montana. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A TREATISE ON THE ASSAULT ON LANGUAGE SOVEREIGNTY IN THE UNITED STATES: HISTORY, EDUCATION, AND IMPLICATIONS FOR POLICY By ANNIE THORNBURG OAKES Bachelor‟s Degrees, University of Utah, 1973, and Eastern Washington University, 2006 Master‟s Degree, Eastern Washington University, 1996 DISSERTATION presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Anthropology, Cultural Heritage Studies The University of Montana Missoula, MT May 2014 Approved by: Sandy Ross, Dean of the Graduate School Graduate School S. Neyooxet Greymorning, Chair Anthropology Gregory Campbell Anthropology Richmond Clow Native American Studies Leora Bar-El Anthropology Irene Appelbaum Anthropology University of Montana Dissertation 2 COPYRIGHT by Annie T. -
Workshop on TAM Markers and Evidentiality in Indonesian Languages, Tokyo University of Foreign Studies, 17-18 February 2011
Proceedings of the International Workshop on TAM and Evidentiality in Indonesian Languages Aspect in Indonesian: free markers versus affixed or clitic markers Philippe Grangé Université de La Rochelle [email protected] Introduction The expression of aspect in Indonesian relies mainly on aspect markers like sudah, akan, pernah, sedang… Most of these markers indicate not only an aspect, but also a modality. There are around fourteen free preverbal morphemes in Indonesian, which in some cases form compounds of two or even three markers that convey a wealth of meanings. Indonesian clitics are traditionally described according to their role in terms of transitivity or diathesis. The lexical affixes are commonly depicted either as classifiers or in relation to other semantic features. This labelling is effective, but conceals aspectual features possibly specified by the Indonesian clitics/affixes. I will examine the aspectual features of the verbal prefix ter- (so called “accidental passive”) as opposed to the passive prefix di-. I will also deal with the aspectual outcomes of a less studied deverbal nominalisation, using the enclitic =nya. Finally, the interactions between free aspect markers and affixed or cliticized markers will be described. 1. Indonesian preverbal aspect markers I intend by “markers” a category grammatical morphemes which express aspect and/or modality, e.g. sudah, akan, masih… There is no final inventory of aspectual or modal markers. The semantic features prove unreliable, not only because modality and aspect are entangled, but also because in certain contexts a marker may be aspectual, in other contexts modal, or both. The lexical approch does not help much, because most of the aspect/modality markers originate from various other grammatical classes: adverbs, verbs… Finally, I propose two simple syntactic criteria to define this class of markers.