Bringing the Story of the Cheyenne People to the Children of Today Northern Cheyenne Social Studies Units Northern Cheyenne Curriculum Committee 2006
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Tonkawa Indians Before the Time of the Spanish Explorers, Native Americans Inhabited the Open Ranges and Woodlands of Texas
Tonkawa Indians Before the time of the Spanish explorers, Native Americans inhabited the open ranges and woodlands of Texas. One group that made its mark in history is the Tonkawa Indians. These people were thought to have come to Texas as early as the seventeenth century. Tonkawa, a Waco Indian word, means, “they all stay together,” which eloquently describes this group of nomadic Indian tribes. There is scant archeological evidence of the Tonkawa people, and historians have several theories on the tribal structure and lifestyles of this group. Some believe the Tonkawa were actually a group of independent bands of Indians, which may have included the Sana, Toho, Tohaha, Cantona, and Cava Indians. In the early eighteenth century these bands of Indians were thought to have joined together to form Tonkawa Proper. There is some evidence that the Tonkawa actually came to Texas much earlier as one cohesive group of Tonkawa Indians that lived further north. These nomadic hunters lived in tepees made from buffalo hide, grass and other materials. Tepees allowed bands to easily pack their homes and move with the migrating herds of buffalo or to outrun their enemies. An elected tribal chief led each band of Tonkawa, and each band was composed of maternal clans. Unlike many societies that are patriarchal, the Tonkawa clan membership followed on the side of the mother. When a couple got married, the man would go live with his wife’s clan, and the children would become members of their mother’s clan as well. As a society that always stays together, the Tonkawa established a system that ensured all widows, widowers, and orphaned children were taken care of if their family members died. -
Teacher’S Guide Teacher’S Guide Little Bighorn National Monument
LITTLE BIGHORN NATIONAL MONUMENT TEACHER’S GUIDE TEACHER’S GUIDE LITTLE BIGHORN NATIONAL MONUMENT INTRODUCTION The purpose of this Teacher’s Guide is to provide teachers grades K-12 information and activities concerning Plains Indian Life-ways, the events surrounding the Battle of the Little Bighorn, the Personalities involved and the Impact of the Battle. The information provided can be modified to fit most ages. Unit One: PERSONALITIES Unit Two: PLAINS INDIAN LIFE-WAYS Unit Three: CLASH OF CULTURES Unit Four: THE CAMPAIGN OF 1876 Unit Five: BATTLE OF THE LITTLE BIGHORN Unit Six: IMPACT OF THE BATTLE In 1879 the land where The Battle of the Little Bighorn occurred was designated Custer Battlefield National Cemetery in order to protect the bodies of the men buried on the field of battle. With this designation, the land fell under the control of the United States War Department. It would remain under their control until 1940, when the land was turned over to the National Park Service. Custer Battlefield National Monument was established by Congress in 1946. The name was changed to Little Bighorn National Monument in 1991. This area was once the homeland of the Crow Indians who by the 1870s had been displaced by the Lakota and Cheyenne. The park consists of 765 acres on the east boundary of the Little Bighorn River: the larger north- ern section is known as Custer Battlefield, the smaller Reno-Benteen Battlefield is located on the bluffs over-looking the river five miles to the south. The park lies within the Crow Indian Reservation in southeastern Montana, one mile east of I-90. -
Afraid of Bear to Zuni: Surnames in English of Native American Origin Found Within
RAYNOR MEMORIAL LIBRARIES Indian origin names, were eventually shortened to one-word names, making a few indistinguishable from names of non-Indian origin. Name Categories: Personal and family names of Indian origin contrast markedly with names of non-Indian Afraid of Bear to Zuni: Surnames in origin. English of Native American Origin 1. Personal and family names from found within Marquette University Christian saints (e.g. Juan, Johnson): Archival Collections natives- rare; non-natives- common 2. Family names from jobs (e.g. Oftentimes names of Native Miller): natives- rare; non-natives- American origin are based on objects common with descriptive adjectives. The 3. Family names from places (e.g. following list, which is not Rivera): natives- rare; non-native- comprehensive, comprises common approximately 1,000 name variations in 4. Personal and family names from English found within the Marquette achievements, attributes, or incidents University archival collections. The relating to the person or an ancestor names originate from over 50 tribes (e.g. Shot with two arrows): natives- based in 15 states and Canada. Tribal yes; non-natives- yes affiliations and place of residence are 5. Personal and family names from noted. their clan or totem (e.g. White bear): natives- yes; non-natives- no History: In ancient times it was 6. Personal or family names from customary for children to be named at dreams and visions of the person or birth with a name relating to an animal an ancestor (e.g. Black elk): natives- or physical phenominon. Later males in yes; non-natives- no particular received names noting personal achievements, special Tribes/ Ethnic Groups: Names encounters, inspirations from dreams, or are expressed according to the following physical handicaps. -
The Last Indian Raid in Kansas: Context, Colonialism, and Philip P. Frickey's Contributions to American Indian Law
University of Colorado Law School Colorado Law Scholarly Commons Articles Colorado Law Faculty Scholarship 2010 The Last Indian Raid in Kansas: Context, Colonialism, and Philip P. Frickey's Contributions to American Indian Law Sarah Krakoff University of Colorado Law School Follow this and additional works at: https://scholar.law.colorado.edu/articles Part of the Indian and Aboriginal Law Commons, Jurisprudence Commons, Legal Biography Commons, and the Legal History Commons Citation Information Sarah Krakoff, The Last Indian Raid in Kansas: Context, Colonialism, and Philip P. Frickey's Contributions to American Indian Law, 98 CALIF. L. REV. 1253 (2010), available at https://scholar.law.colorado.edu/ articles/222. Copyright Statement Copyright protected. Use of materials from this collection beyond the exceptions provided for in the Fair Use and Educational Use clauses of the U.S. Copyright Law may violate federal law. Permission to publish or reproduce is required. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Colorado Law Faculty Scholarship at Colorado Law Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Articles by an authorized administrator of Colorado Law Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. +(,121/,1( Citation: 98 Cal. L. Rev. 1253 2010 Provided by: William A. Wise Law Library Content downloaded/printed from HeinOnline Tue Feb 28 17:06:08 2017 -- Your use of this HeinOnline PDF indicates your acceptance of HeinOnline's Terms and Conditions of the license agreement available at http://heinonline.org/HOL/License -- The search text of this PDF is generated from uncorrected OCR text. -
2 Kansas History Northern Cheyenne Warrior Ledger Art: Captivity Narratives of Northern Cheyenne Prisoners in 1879 Dodge City
Ledger art made by Northern Cheyenne Chief Wild Hog in 1879. Kansas History: A Journal of the Central Plains 35 (Spring 2012): 2–25 2 Kansas History Northern Cheyenne Warrior Ledger Art: Captivity Narratives of Northern Cheyenne Prisoners in 1879 Dodge City by Denise Low and Ramon Powers n February 17, 1879, Ford County Sheriff W. D. “Bat” Masterson arrived at the Dodge City train depot with seven Northern Cheyenne men as prisoners. The State of Kansas was charging them with forty murders in what would later be identified as the last “Indian raid” in Kansas. In 1877 the government had ordered all Northern Cheyennes to move to Indian Territory, now Oklahoma, which most of the tribe had found intolerable. A group of about 350 Northern Cheyenne men, women, and children escaped in September 1878. They Ofought skirmishes and raided throughout western Kansas, and eventually split into two groups—one under leadership of Little Wolf and one under Dull Knife (or Morning Star). The Little Wolf band eluded the U.S. Army, but 149 of those under Dull Knife were finally imprisoned at Camp Robinson in Nebraska.1 While army officials determined their fate, they remained in custody into the winter. They attempted to break out of captivity on January 9, 1879, and, after military reprisal, perhaps less than fifteen men remained alive. A few who escaped sought refuge at the Pine Ridge Agency in South Dakota. Military authorities sent most of the survivors back to Indian Territory except for seven men who were destined for trial in Kansas. The seven men arriving in Dodge City, a remnant of the Dull Knife fighting force, would face Ford County charges.2 Denise Low received a National Endowment for the Humanities Faculty Fellowship for completion of this article. -
Sioux Falls, 1877-1880
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Great Plains Quarterly Great Plains Studies, Center for 2004 A Dakota Boomtown: Sioux Falls, 1877-1880 Gary D. Olsen Augustana College - Sioux Falls Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/greatplainsquarterly Part of the Other International and Area Studies Commons Olsen, Gary D., "A Dakota Boomtown: Sioux Falls, 1877-1880" (2004). Great Plains Quarterly. 268. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/greatplainsquarterly/268 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Great Plains Studies, Center for at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Great Plains Quarterly by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. A DAKOTA BOOMTOWN SIOUX FALLS, 1877 .. 1880 GARY D. OLSON The "Dakota boom" is a label historians have claiming of land by immigrant and American almost universally adopted to describe the would, be farm owners in the plains of Dakota period of settlement in Dakota Territory be, Territory and adjacent areas. Less well known tween the years 1878 and 1887. The term is the impact this rapid, large,scale settling of "boom" has been applied to this period largely the land had on the rise and growth of townsites because of the volume of land claimed and the aspiring to become prosperous ci ties. We know rapid increase in Dakota Territory's popula, the rural landscape changed as sod houses and tion that occurred during those years. Most dugouts were erected, fields plowed, and trees accounts of this time period have treated the planted. -
The Plains Sioux and US Coloniali
Cambridge University Press 0521793467 - The Plains Sioux and U. S. Colonialism from Lewis and Clark to Wounded Knee Jeffrey Ostler Index More information Index Act of March 2, 1889. See treaties and American Fur Company, 28, 30, 31 agreements American Horse, 110n.4, 110n.5, 139n.39, Adams,David Wallace, 153 364n.8 Adas,Michael, 250 at Carlisle, 155 Afraid of the Enemy, 348 and Crazy Horse, 100, 101 Afraid of Hawk, 197n.12 and 1889 agreement, 237, 238 Agard,Louis, 227n.28 and Ghost Dance, 272, 310, 310n.62, agencies 311 Indians’ perceptions of, 54 and McGillycuddy, 204, 205 purposes of, 54 and Red Cloud, 203, 205 see also names of specific agencies and Wounded Knee, 346, 365–6 agency bands. See nonmilitants American Horse,Robert, 152 Agency Council. See Pine Ridge Agency American Indian Movement, 363n.5 Council Anderson,Gary, 121 agents Anderson,Harry H., 78 colonial tools of, 159, 164, 166, 174–6, annuities 177, 204, 278 control of, 204 contradictory acts of, 196 and Crook Commission, 234 goals of, 54 in 1868 Treaty, 50, 129 resistance to, 54 problems with, 130 agriculture. See farming antelope. See small game alcohol Apaches, 60 Americans’ abuse of, 215 Apiatan, 254n.29 and fur trade, 29–30 Arapahoes, 34, 45, 52, 59, 60, 69, 102 Sioux fears of, 215 and Ghost Dance, 243, 246, 279 at Wounded Knee, 336, 352 Arikaras, 22, 25, 32 Allen,Alvaren, 214 army officers Allison Commission, 61 attitude toward reformers of, 47, 120 Allison,William B., 61 “mastery” of “savagery” by, 94 allotment and western army in 1880s, 304–5 in Dawes Severalty Act, 221 see also names of specific officers Sioux opposition to, 221–2, 231–2 Arrow Creek,battle of, 53 Sioux support for, 230–1 artifacts see also Dawes Sioux Bill acquisition of, 146 Ambrose,Stephen, 92 Ash Hollow, 41, 42, 43 371 © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 0521793467 - The Plains Sioux and U. -
Tribal and House District Boundaries
! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Tribal Boundaries and Oklahoma House Boundaries ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 22 ! 18 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 13 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 20 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 7 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Cimarron ! ! ! ! 14 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 11 ! ! Texas ! ! Harper ! ! 4 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! n ! ! Beaver ! ! ! ! Ottawa ! ! ! ! Kay 9 o ! Woods ! ! ! ! Grant t ! 61 ! ! ! ! ! Nowata ! ! ! ! ! 37 ! ! ! g ! ! ! ! 7 ! 2 ! ! ! ! Alfalfa ! n ! ! ! ! ! 10 ! ! 27 i ! ! ! ! ! Craig ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! h ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 26 s ! ! Osage 25 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! a ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 6 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Tribes ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 16 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! W ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 21 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 58 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 38 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Tribes by House District ! 11 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 1 Absentee Shawnee* ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Woodward ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 2 ! 36 ! Apache* ! ! ! 40 ! 17 ! ! ! 5 8 ! ! ! Rogers ! ! ! ! ! Garfield ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 1 40 ! ! ! ! ! 3 Noble ! ! ! Caddo* ! ! Major ! ! Delaware ! ! ! ! ! 4 ! ! ! ! ! Mayes ! ! Pawnee ! ! ! 19 ! ! 2 41 ! ! ! ! ! 9 ! 4 ! 74 ! ! ! Cherokee ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Ellis ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 41 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 72 ! ! ! ! ! 35 4 8 6 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 5 3 42 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 77 -
ROCK PAINTINGS at HUECO TANKS STATE HISTORIC SITE by Kay Sutherland, Ph.D
PWD BK P4501-095E Hueco 6/22/06 9:06 AM Page A ROCK PAINTINGS AT HUECO TANKS STATE HISTORIC SITE by Kay Sutherland, Ph.D. PWD BK P4501-095E Hueco 6/22/06 9:06 AM Page B Mescalero Apache design, circa 1800 A.D., part of a rock painting depicting white dancing figures. Unless otherwise indicated, the illustrations are photographs of watercolors by Forrest Kirkland, reproduced courtesy of Texas Memorial Museum. The watercolors were photographed by Rod Florence. Editor: Georg Zappler Art Direction: Pris Martin PWD BK P4501-095E Hueco 6/22/06 9:06 AM Page C ROCK PAINTINGS AT HUECO TANKS STATE HISTORIC SITE by Kay Sutherland, Ph.D. Watercolors by Forrest Kirkland Dedicated to Forrest and Lula Kirkland PWD BK P4501-095E Hueco 6/22/06 9:06 AM Page 1 INTRODUCTION The rock paintings at Hueco Tanks the “Jornada Mogollon”) lived in State Historic Site are the impres- small villages or pueblos at and sive artistic legacy of the different near Hueco Tanks and painted on prehistoric peoples who found the rock-shelter walls. Still later, water, shelter and food at this the Mescalero Apaches and possibly stone oasis in the desert. Over other Plains Indian groups 3000 paintings depict religious painted pictures of their rituals masks, caricature faces, complex and depicted their contact with geometric designs, dancing figures, Spaniards, Mexicans and Anglos. people with elaborate headdresses, The European newcomers and birds, jaguars, deer and symbols settlers left no pictures, but some of rain, lightning and corn. Hidden chose instead to record their within shelters, crevices and caves names with dates on the rock among the three massive outcrops walls, perhaps as a sign of the of boulders found in the park, the importance of the individual in art work is rich in symbolism and western cultures. -
Table of Contents
August-September 2015 Edition 4 _____________________________________________________________________________________ We’re excited to share the positive work of tribal nations and communities, Native families and organizations, and the Administration that empowers our youth to thrive. In partnership with the My Brother’s Keeper, Generation Indigenous (“Gen-I”), and First Kids 1st Initiatives, please join our First Kids 1st community and share your stories and best practices that are creating a positive impact for Native youth. To highlight your stories in future newsletters, send your information to [email protected]. TABLE OF CONTENTS I. Youth Highlights II. Upcoming Opportunities & Announcements III. Call for Future Content *************************************************************************************************** 1 th Sault Ste. Marie Celebrates Youth Council’s 20 Anniversary On September 18 and 19, the Sault Ste. Marie Tribal Youth Council (TYC) 20-Year Anniversary Mini Conference & Celebration was held at the Kewadin Casino & Convention Center. It was a huge success with approximately 40 youth attending from across the Sault Ste. Marie Tribe of Chippewa Indians service area. For the past 20 years, tribal youth grades 8-12 have taken on Childhood Obesity, Suicide and Bullying Prevention, Drug Abuse, and Domestic Violence in their communities. The Youth Council has produced PSAs, workshops, and presentations that have been done on local, tribal, state, and national levels and also hold the annual Bike the Sites event, a 47-mile bicycle ride to raise awareness on Childhood Obesity and its effects. TYC alumni provided testimony on their experiences with the youth council and how TYC has helped them in their walk in life. The celebration continued during the evening with approximately 100 community members expressing their support during the potluck feast and drum social held at the Sault Tribe’s Culture Building. -
Pierce County, North Dakota. a So\Ivenir History
Pierce County, North Dakota. A So\ivenir History. Pierce County North Dakota A SouVenir History Written by J. W. Bingham Published By J 905 The Pierce County Tribune flugby, N. D. DEDICATION. This Souvenir History is dedicated to the early settlers of Pierce County. Those who followed the star of empire in its V westward course and built themselves homes on the undeveloped prairies of Pierce County, that those who should come after them might live in a land of plenty and modern conveniences. It is written that the record of their hardships and achievements might be preserved and the results better exemplified. THE AUTHOR. BRIEF STATE HISTORY. **.^k AKOTA is an Indian name and signifies "confederated" or ''leagued together," and applied .Jr" originally to the Sioux confederation of Indians. The present state of North Dakota, together with that of South Dakota, was a part of the territory purchased in 1803 from France by President Thomas Jefferson, for the sum of fifteen million dollars and the assumption of certain claims held by citizens of the United States against France, which m.ide the purchase amount to twenty-seven million, two hundred and sixty-seven thousand, six hundred and twenty-one dollars and ninety- eight cents ($27,207,021.98), and was known as the Louisiana purchase. The bill incorporating the present States of North and South Dakota as Dakota Territory was signed by President Buchanan on March 2d, 1801. On May 27th, thereafter, President Lincoln appointed Dr. William Jayne, of Springfield, 111., as the first governor of Dakota Territory. The employes of various fur companies were the first white settlers of the Territory of Dakota. -
Bent's Fort Teacher Resource Guide-Secondary
Annotated Resource Set (ARS) Bent’s Fort Teacher Resource Guide-Secondary Title / Content Area: Bent’s Fort-US History Developed by: Kelly Jones-Wagy Grade Level: 9-12 Contextual Paragraph Bent’s Fort in southeastern Colorado, built in 1833 by trader and rancher William Bent, was an important trading settlement in the 1830s. Located on the border of Mexico and US territory and in the heart of Native American country, Bent’s Fort was a hub of globalism, international trade, and international relations. Although Bent mysteriously destroyed it in 1852, the fort was rebuilt in 1976 and is now a National Historic Landmark. Bent’s Fort does not typically align with high school curriculum; however, it is an excellent introduction to the Sand Creek Massacre and Manifest Destiny. The Sand Creek Massacre took place on November 29, 1864, in southeastern Colorado. Colonel John Chivington (the hero of the Civil War Battle of Glorieta Pass) attacked an American Indian encampment made up largely of women and children from the Cheyenne and Arapaho tribes. About 200 people were killed in the attack, and Chivington paraded body parts of the dead along the streets of Denver. In 1865 Congress led an investigation into the massacre, but Chivington never faced charges for his role. In addition to its connections to the events at Sand Creek, Bent’s Fort helped open up the American western frontier to settlement. It helped America bring forward the concept of Manifest Destiny. 1 Resource Set Title Primary Source Lesson Map of the upper Great The Dawes Act Johnson's new Ft.