Bibliothèque Royale De Belgique : Catalogue : Formatting Europe. Mapping a Continent

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Bibliothèque Royale De Belgique : Catalogue : Formatting Europe. Mapping a Continent Formatting Europe Mapping a Continent Dix siècles de cartes d’Europe dans les collections de la Bibliothèque royale de Belgique français page de titre dimanche 14 octobre 2007 12:59 de la page 1 MagentaJauneCyanNoir Formatting Europe Mapping a Continent Dix siècles de cartes d’Europe dans les collections de la Bibliothèque royale de Belgique publié sous la direction scientifique de Wouter BRACKE Lisette DANCKAERT Caroline DE C ANDT Marguerite S ILVESTRE 17 novembre 2007 - 8 février 2008 Bibliothèque royale de Belgique Bruxelles Bibliothèque royale de Belgique 2007 français page de titre dimanche 14 octobre 2007 12:59 de la page 3 MagentaJauneCyanNoir europalia.europa Le festival europalia.europa est placé sous le Haut Patronage de S.M. le Roi Albert II et de S.M. le Roi Juan Carlos S.M. la Reine Beatrix S.A.R. le Grand-Duc Henri S.E. Monsieur Valdis Zatlers, Président de la République de Lettonie S.E. Monsieur Tassos Papadopoulos, Président de la République de Chypre S.E. Monsieur Janez Drnovsek, Président de la République de Slovénie S.E. Monsieur Vaclav Klaus, Président de la République tchèque S.E. Monsieur Edward Fenech Adami, Président de la République de Malte S.E. Monsieur Ivan Gasparovic, Président de la République de Slovaquie S.E. Monsieur Valdas Adamkus, Président de la République de Lituanie S.E. Prof dr Horst Köhler, Président fédéral d’Allemagne S.E. Monsieur Heinz Fischer, Président fédéral de la République d’Autriche S.E. Monsieur Traian Basescu, Président de la République de Roumanie S.E. Monsieur Karolos Papoulias, Président de la République hellénique S.E. Monsieur Laszlo Solyom, Président de la République d’Hongrie S.E. Monsieur Lech Kaczynski, Président de la République de Pologne S.E. Monsieur Anibal Cavaco Silva, Président de la République du Portugal S.E. Monsieur Giorgio Napolitano, Président de la République italienne S.E. Madame Tarja Kaarina Halonen, Présidente de la République de Finlande S.E. Monsieur Toomas Hendrik Ilves, Président de la République d’Estonie S.E. Monsieur Georgi Parvanov, Président de la République de Bulgarie S.E. Monsieur Nicolas Sarkozy, Président de la République française S.E. Monsieur Hans-Gert Pöttering, Président du Parlement européen S.E. Monsieur José Manuel Barroso, Président de la Commission européenne. Associationinternationale sans but lucratif, Europalia International a pour missionla mise en valeur du patrimoine culturel, et organise à cet effet le Festival Europalia, lancé à Bruxelles en 1969. Le nom ‛Europalia’ provient d’une contractiondes mots ‛Europe’ et ‛Opalia’- fête romaine qui célébrait l’opulence des moissons. Tous les deux ans et durant plusieurs mois, Europalia organise, à Bruxelles, dans d’autres villes de Belgique ainsi que dans les régions transfrontalières, unfestival pluridisciplinaire qui illustre tous les aspects de l’art et de la culture d’unpays ami, européenounon. L’objectif est d’accroître la compréhension entre les peuples en offrant au pays invité une vitrine aucœur de l’Europe, de valoriser la dimensionculturelle de l’Europe et d’affirmer le rôle de la Belgique et de Bruxelles, capitale de l’Union Européenne. À l’occasionducinquantième anniversaire du Traité de Rome, Europalia présente cette année unfestival paneuropéen. français page de titre dimanche 14 octobre 2007 12:59 de la page 2 MagentaJauneCyanNoir europalia.europa Weekend Le Vif Administration et Télé Bruxelles finances Avec le soutien de Yolanda Pozo Gomez europalia.europa Stefana Ciubotariu SPF Affaires étrangères remercie ses sponsors. Secrétariat et accueil Politique scientifique Julie Erler fédérale Belgique Van Ly Nguyen SPF Emploi Vlaamse Europalia Europa Gemeenschap International Communauté Comité de liaison Française de Belgique Équipe Europalia Deutschsprachige Ge- Bulgarie meinschaft Commissaire Général Christo Georgiev, Région de Bruxelles- Pat Cox Ambassadeur Capitale Maria Donska, Commission Directeur Général Ambassade Européenne Kristine De Mulder Parlement Européen Belgique Assistante Directeur Jan De Bock, Repré- Suez Général sentant permanent, Thalys Marie-Adélaïde Président du Comité Total Debray de liaison KBC Kristina Eyskens, Banque Nationale de Communication Représentation perma- Belgique Colette Delmotte nente Lhoist Aurore Detournay- Delphine Colard, Solvay Kaas Représentation perma- ING Andrée François nente UCB Sybille du Roy Janik Verpoest République Tchèque Brussels Airlines Petr Polivka, Centre Delhaize Presse et sponsoring tchèque Brussels Airport Inge De Keyser Astrid Delacroix Danemark OPT Wallonie Lone Leth Larsen, In- Bruxelles Expositions stitut culturel danois Toerisme Vlaanderen Martine Caeymaex Brussels international Dirk Vermaelen Allemagne European Movement - Céline Jacquet Margareta Hauschild, Mouvement Européen Sylvie De Coster Goethe-Institut Brüssel Julie Piette, Clemy Vyncke Goethe-Institut Brüssel De Standaard Vincent Verbist La Libre Belgique Estonie Brussel Deze Week Musique Tamara Luuk, Repré- TV Brussel Michaël Scheck sentation permanente Klara Marleen De Baets Canvas Grèce Musiq3 Arts de la scène, Demetris Antonopoulos, La Première cinéma et littérature Ministère de la Culture Arte Belgique Bloeme van Roemburg Eleni Papathoma, Knack Weekend BoŜena Coignet Ministère de la Culture français page de titre dimanche 14 octobre 2007 12:59 de la page 4 MagentaJauneCyanNoir Espagne Lituanie Portugal Maria Victoria Morera Kristina Agintaite, Simonetta Luz Afonso, Villuendas, Lithuanian Institute Institut Camões Ambassadeur M. Jorge Ferreira Elena Robles, Luxembourg Gonçalves, Ambassade Ambassade Guy Dockendorf, Ministère de la Culture Roumanie France Barbara Zeches, Andrei Tarnea, Centre Carole Scipion, Ministère de la Culture d’Information roumain CulturesFrance Hongrie Slovénie Irlande Gyorgy Petocz, Institut Helena Drnovšek Brian Nason, Culturel hongrois Zorko, Ministère des Ambassadeur Affaires étrangères Niall Brady, Malte Eva Kalan, Ministère Ambassade Richard Cachia des Affaires étrangères Caruana, Ambassadeur Saso Gazdic, Italie Karsten Xuereb, Représentation Pialuisa Bianco, Représentation permanente Istituto Italiano di permanente Cultura Slovaquie Donatella Cannova, Pays-Bas Silvia Salanská, Istituto Italiano di Lille Witsen Elias, Ministère de la Culture Cultura Ministère des Affaires Margherita Bottini, étrangères Finlande Istituto Italiano di Dorian Van der Irma Hjelt, Institut Cultura Brempt, deBuren culturel finnois Pia Maarit Kokko, Chypre Autriche Institut culturel finnois Petros Dymiotis, Sandra Kowald, Ministère de Österreichisches Suède l’Éducation et de la Kulturforum Brüssel Marie Topelius, Culture Ambassade Pologne Lettonie Bogdan Bernaczyk- Royaume-Uni Raimonds Jansons, Slonski, Instituut A. Nigel Bellingham, Ambassadeur Mickiewicz British Council Anda Catlaka, Krysztof Kopytko, Sophie Hayles, Représentation Représentation British Council permanente permanente français page de titre dimanche 14 octobre 2007 12:59 de la page 5 MagentaJauneCyanNoir Avant-propos L’année de la signature des traités de Rome parut un ouvrage succinct, mais extrêmement stimulant, consacré à l’émergence de l’idée européenne: Denys Hay, The Emergence of an Idea , Edimbourg, 1957. Cet ouvrage, plusieurs fois réédité, est devenu un classique majeur toujours utile malgré l’abondance de la littérature moderne vouée à la pensée européenne (l’on pense par exemple à l’ouvrage de E. Bussière, M. Dumoulin & G. Trausch, L’idée et l’identité européennes de l’Antiquité grecque au XXI e siècle , Anvers, 2001). Le point de départ de Hay est à l’exact opposé de ce qui est envisagé ici. Hay tente de répondre à la question de savoir quand et comment la notion de l’Europe a évolué d’une réalité géographique plus ou moins établie avec précision vers un concept à connotation affective. Ce livre-ci est centré sur la représentation cartographique de l’Europe et retrace son évolution au cours des dix derniers siècles. Ceux qui considèrent que l’Europe, en tant qu’identité géographique, constitue une évidence, seront surpris par ce qui suit. Il faut reconnaître que peu de publications ont traité du sujet, hormis deux écrits récents essentiels: K. Plihal & J. Hapak, Maps of Europe , 1520-2001, Budapest, 2005 et R. Borri, L'Europa nell'Antica Cartografia , Ivrea, 2001. Ces publications furent une source d’inspiration de premier plan. Au fil des siècles, les cartographes européens ont réalisé divers types de représentations de l’Europe: allégorique, physique, politique... Ils s’éloignaient parfois, de manière consciente ou non, de la réalité, qui subissait des modifications – surtout d’ordre politique – à travers les siècles. L’exposition présente des cartes de l’Europe depuis le Moyen Age jusqu’au milieu du XX e siècle. Elles sont de style, de conception et d’échelle très différents et n’ont souvent en commun que leur sujet. Proposées dans l’ordre chronologique, elles donnent une image intéressante de l’évolution du continent et de sa cartographie. Bien que son propos soit exclusivement cartographique et non géopolitique, l’exposition a choisi les grands traités de paix et les principaux glissements géopolitiques comme points de référence. Elle distingue cinq périodes chronologiques majeures : 1. du bas Moyen Age à la fin du XVI e siècle ; 2. le XVII e siècle ; 3. le XVIII e siècle ; 4. le XIX e siècle ; 5. le XX e siècle jusqu’en 1966. Chaque période est introduite par une esquisse historique des principaux événements géopolitiques, elle-même suivie d’un aperçu de la cartographie de l’Europe au cours de la période en question. Les cartes proviennent essentiellement
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