DOCSLIB.ORG

Capture Techniques and Morphological

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Capture Techniques and Morphological AN{ELiIOAN.iOLiRNAL OF I'HYSI(IAL ANTHROPOLO(iY105:,181-.11}1 (191),e) CaptureTechniques and Morphological Measurements of the MonaMonkey (Cercopithecus mona\ on the lsland of Grenada,West lndies MARY E. cLENNi'aun KIITH J. BENSEN Wi rt tl u, a rd. I s I an rls rRcst:<rlt.lt o n <l E tl u t'a ti.o rt Fr t u t t d.at il n t, Rotslutre, NaLu Yorh 11 706 KEY WORDS guenon; Calibbean; morphometrics; sexual dimorphism; Ketaset; Rompun ABSTRACT Morphological measurements were collected from 12 wild and 12 captive mona rnonkeys(Cercopithecus rnona) on the Caribbean island of Grenada. Mona monkeys were introduced to Grenada from Africa approxi- mately 200 to 300 years ago during the slavc trade era. Wild monkeys were captured using either 1) a baited treadle-doortrap and anesthetic-filleddarts fired from a blowpipe, or 2) rifle-fired anesthetic-filled darts. All wild monkeys were released back into the forest after capture and were seen with their original groups within 24 hours of release. Captive rnonkeys were anesthe- tized using blowpipe-fired darts. A Ketaset/Rornpun mixture was bhc rnost effec:tiveanesthetic for wild monkeys while Ketaset alone was suitable for captive monkeys. Responses to and recovery times from both drugs varied among individuals. Data on eight linear body measurements,canine length, testicle size,and weight were collectedfrom all monkeys.Adult monkeyswerer significantly sexually dimorphic across all measurements. Mean adult male weight (i - 4.7, SD - 0.9, n - 13) was almost twice that of adult females (- : 2.8, SD - 0.8, n : 7). No significant dill'erencesin weight or measure- ments were found between adult wild and captive males. Preliminary comparisons with morphometrics for African C. mtnta from the literature showedthe upper limit of Grenada mona bod.vlength and weight to be smaller than that of African monas for both sexes. These differences may be due to genetic divergence, ecological adaptation, inter-African geogrrrphicvariation, and/or small sample sizes.Am J PhysAnthropol 105:481-491,1998. " 11)l)SWik,r, Liss. lrr. The mona monkey (.Cerutpithecusmona) 1996). During this time, the transport of' is a little studied, mediun-sized arboreal exotic animals from Africa for trade as pets guenon whose range in mainland AIi'ica lies was cornmon, although usually only a small between eastern Ghana and southwest Cam- number of'animals were carried as cargo at eroon (Booth, 1955, 1956; Hill, 1966; Oates, 1988). Introduced populations of C. mona are found on the African islands of SAoTom6 (llntlact glanl sponsors: Windward lslands Resctrch and and Principe in the Gulf of Guinea (Frade, IJducation Foundation; Thc Rockr:foller lJnivtrrsity; The Yerkcs Regional Primatc Research Oenter; l'he Foundation (br Field 1958). The rnona monkey was also intro- Resealcll Sigma Xi: Thc Scientific Research Society;'l'he Rc- search (lt ants Conrnrittec ofNorthwcslern lJniversitri duced to the Caribbean island of Grenada 'i'Correspondence to: Mary Fl. (llenn, Windward Islands (Fig. 1) sometime betweenthe late 17th and Rescareh and Ilducation Foundalion,11 East Main Slreet, Suile 15.1, IJayshore. NY 11706. Fax: (516) 968-1321. 18th centuries during the height of the E-mail: N'Ttrry1i1"nni, sgu.edu African slave trade to the Americas (Glenn. Rcceived l lt April ) 997; accept.t'd 22 November 1997. .r 1lrllsWILE)- LISS. IN('. 492 M.E. GLENN AND K.J. BENSEN onetime (Eaden,1931; Denham, 1982,1987). monkeys (13 adult males, 3 subadult males, Since its introduction to Grenada, the mona 7 adult females, and 1 subadult female) monkey has becomenaturalized and greatly between 28 April 1993 and 19 March 1995. increased in number on the island (Glenn, in Eight wild monkeys were captured near the press). field research station, a small house sur- No comprehensive studies of the mona rounded by forest and located in the center monkey had been made, either in its original of the 1,540-ha Grand Etang National Park African range or in its introduced island and Forest Reserve (12'6' N, 67"42' S\ ranges,previous to the authors'study ofthe (Fig. 1). Grenada C. mona population (e.g., Glenn Three of the wild monkeys were captured and Bensen, 1993; Glenn, 1996, 1997).The by placing a treadle-door trap baited with morphology of mona monkeys on Grenada bananas near the edge of the forest at the had never before been described, and mor- field research station. Once inside the trap, phological data from African populations of monkeys were anesthetized with 0.8 to 1.0 C. nutna are scattered and few. None of the ml Ketaset (ketamine hydrochloride, 100 infbrmation currently available in the litera- mg/ml; Bristol Laboratories, Syracuse, NY) ture on the morphology of'A{rican mona eiected from a blowpipe (Pneu Dart, Inc., monkeys was obtained from large sample Williamsport, PA) in a 1-m1, nonbarbed, sizesor constitutes a completeset of weight disposable dart with a I2.7 nm needle. and body measurements from one popula- Keiase't was chosen because of its effective- tion. ness and safetv (more than six times the In addition, while data regarding capture dose may be given without harming an methods for Old World terrestrial monkeys animal) (Glande. et al., 1991).Further injec- (Brett et al., 1982;Pearl, 1982;Horrocksand tions of Ketaset were given if the monkey Baulu, 1988),lemurs (Glander et al., 1992), r.€coveredfrom the original dose of' anes- and New World primates (Scott et al.,7976; thetic beforehandling was complete. Glander et al., 1991; Lemos dc Sa and Five of the wild monkeys were captured Glander, 1993; Savage et al., 1993; Camp- while in trees using a .22-cay.berca.tridge- bell and Sussman, 7994; Miiller and fired da.tinsrifle and nonbarbed,anesthetic- Schildger, 1994) are numerous, only one 1illed, dispo"sablel-ml darts with 12.7 mm paper describes capture techniqucs for an needles(pneu Dart, Inc., Williamsport, pA). :rrboreal Old World monkey (Jonesand Bush, Release of' the drug (f<lr blowpipe and rifle 1988)' darts) occurredupon contact when a charge This paper provides morphological mea- within the dart was set off. The darts wer.e surements forC. mona onGrenada, aswell loaded with a 5:1 mixture of Ketaset and as infbrmation on their capturc and release. Rompun (xylazine, 20 mg/ml; Bayer Corp., The morphometrics presented here provide Shawnee Mission, KS) with a doseof'approxi- baseline information to which that of other mately 0.2 ml per estimated kg body weight populations of C. mon.a may be compared. (Jones and Bush. lggg). Rompun. a musc]c Morphological data collected from a long- relaxant. was used in coniunction with isolated population ofguenons founded by a Ketasct to dart monkeys in trecs so that few individuals are valuable; when com- thev would relcase their grip on the-branches pared to those from the parent population, ,,rrj full to the sround (Huntsman, personal any morphological differences or similarities communication").Additional dosesof Ketaset found may provide clues as to what changes, were given if'monkeys began to recover from if any, may be expected in the first 100 the anesthetic before measuring procedures generations of isolation of a small guenon were complete. Mona monkeyi are active population. and nervous animals, ancl were ditficult MATERIALS AND METHODS darting targets in denseforest foliage.Thus, all darting attempts were done in the last capture year of the study when animals were most Morphological measurements were col- habituated; these were limited to monkeys lected from 12 wild and 12 captive mona within 20 m and in postures in which a good Fig. 1. Location of the island of Grenada. the Grand Etang National Park and Forest Reserve (indicated b-v-the solid-lined poll'gont and field station rindicated by dot t. 484 M.E. GLENN AND K.J. BENSEN shot at the thigh or rump was possible. Scott TABLE 1. Descriptiort of morphological rneasurernents (li'orn etal. (1976)and Glanderet al. (1991)recom- GLanderet al.. 1991) mended catching falling monkeys with a TaiI length is rneasuredon the ventral side I'r'omthe tip net; however, this was impractical ofthe tail texcluding the hair) to the junction ol the at Grand base ofthe tail with the perianal area. The tail is Etang becausethe understory was too dense completely extended straight out behind the animal. in most places to spread a net. Therefore, Body length is determined by subtracting TaiI Length from Tail-crotut lensth. which is measured liom the monkeys were not darted unless sitting on tip ofthe tail to the most antcriol point on thc head branches less than 6 m from the ground. in nolmal position(i.e., chin near thc chcsti. Once captured and anesthetized, monkeys Hirtdleg length is measured fi'onr the groin to tht end of the longest digit, excluding the nai1. were measured, released into the forest and Hittdfoot lenglh is measured f'rom the heel to the trnd of supervised until full recovery from the anes- the longest digit, excluding the nail. thetic was evident (i.e., when the monkey Big kte length.is measured from thejunction of skin :rnd big toe to thc tip ofthc big toc cxcludingthe nail couldwalk and climb with full musclecoordi- rvhenthe big toe is extendedpelpendicular to thc nation ). other dicits. Foreleg letigth is mcasurcd fi'orn the axillary legiun to Four of the 12 wild samples were recently the tip of the longesl,digit, excluding thc nail. shot monkeys obtained from hunters from Forefbot letrytlt is measured fiorn the proximal odgc ol' outside the study area. Carcasses were the friction pad nearest the wrist to the tip ol thc longest digit. excluding the nzril.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Assessment of Population Density and Structure of Primates in Pandam Wildlife Park, Plateau State, Nigeria
    Sustainability, Agri, Food and Environmental Research, (ISSN: 0719-3726) , 6(2), 2018: 18-35 18 http://dx.doi.org/10.7770/safer-V6N2-art1503 ASSESSMENT OF POPULATION DENSITY AND STRUCTURE OF PRIMATES IN PANDAM WILDLIFE PARK, PLATEAU STATE, NIGERIA DENSIDAD POBLACIONAL Y ESTRUCTURA DE PRIMATES DIURNOS EN EL PARQUE DE VIDA SILVESTRE EN PANDAM, ESTADO DE PLATEAU, NIGERIA. Gabriel Ortyom Yager*, James Oshita Bukie and Avalumun Emmanuel Kaa, Department of Wildlife and Range Management, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria. *Correspondent author email & Phone: [email protected]; 08150609846 ABSTRACT A survey of diurnal primate species in Pandam Wildlife Park, Nigeria was conducted to determine its population density and structure. Eight transect lines (2.0km length, 0.02km width) at interval of 1.0km were located as representative samples in the Park within the Three-range stratum (riparian forest, savannah woodland and, swampy area) based on proportional to size of the strata in providing information on the primates’ species present in the Park which include Cercopithecus mona, Erythrocebus patas, Papio anubis and, Chlorocebus tantalus. Direct method of animal sighting was employed. Data was collected and analyzed using descriptive statistics, ANOVA and diversity indices. The results showed that savannah woodland strata had more number of individual species encountered (132) and the lowest was the swampy area. Also the savannah woodland had the highest species diversity and richness while the riparian forest strata had the highest number of species evenness. More so, Cercopithecus tantalus was widespread throughout the Park among other primates and Cercopithecus mona is most likely to decline even more rapidly than others since they inhabit the very tall trees.
    [Show full text]
  • Population Composition and Density of Mona Monkey in Lekki Concervation Centre, Lekki, Lagos, Nigeria
    Olaleru et al., 2020 Journal of Research in Forestry, Wildlife & Environment Vol. 12(3) September, 2020 E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] http://www.ajol.info/index.php/jrfwe This work is licensed under a jfewr ©2020 - jfewr Publications 259 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License ISBN: 2141 – 1778 Olaleru et al., 2020 POPULATION COMPOSITION AND DENSITY OF MONA MONKEY IN LEKKI CONCERVATION CENTRE, LEKKI, LAGOS, NIGERIA *1, 2Olaleru, F., 1Omotosho, O. O. and 1, 2Omoregie, Q. O. 1Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Lagos, Lagos State, Nigeria. 2Centre for Biodiversity Conservation and Ecosystem Management, University of Lagos, Lagos State, Nigeria. * Corresponding Author: [email protected]; + 234 807 780 0748 ABSTRACT The mona monkey (Cercopitecus mona) is the only non-human primate in Lekki Conservation Centre (LCC), a 78 hectares Strict Nature Reserve located in a peri-urban part of Lagos, Nigeria. This study aimed to of population composition and density of mona monkeys in LCC. Total count method using woods walk ways and perimeter road as line transects was used for the enumeration. The censuses were conducted for 27 days in October, November, and December, 2018. Counts were carried out between 06:30 and 10:30 hours for 22 days, and between 16:30 and 19:00 hours for five days. Monkeys were enumerated by counting all sighted individuals on both sides of the walk ways, and other study points. Data was subjected to analysis of variance to compare the monthly means, and statistically significant means (P < 0.05) were separated using Tukey post hoc test.
    [Show full text]
  • Mandrillus Leucophaeus Poensis)
    Ecology and Behavior of the Bioko Island Drill (Mandrillus leucophaeus poensis) A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Drexel University by Jacob Robert Owens in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy December 2013 i © Copyright 2013 Jacob Robert Owens. All Rights Reserved ii Dedications To my wife, Jen. iii Acknowledgments The research presented herein was made possible by the financial support provided by Primate Conservation Inc., ExxonMobil Foundation, Mobil Equatorial Guinea, Inc., Margo Marsh Biodiversity Fund, and the Los Angeles Zoo. I would also like to express my gratitude to Dr. Teck-Kah Lim and the Drexel University Office of Graduate Studies for the Dissertation Fellowship and the invaluable time it provided me during the writing process. I thank the Government of Equatorial Guinea, the Ministry of Fisheries and the Environment, Ministry of Information, Press, and Radio, and the Ministry of Culture and Tourism for the opportunity to work and live in one of the most beautiful and unique places in the world. I am grateful to the faculty and staff of the National University of Equatorial Guinea who helped me navigate the geographic and bureaucratic landscape of Bioko Island. I would especially like to thank Jose Manuel Esara Echube, Claudio Posa Bohome, Maximilliano Fero Meñe, Eusebio Ondo Nguema, and Mariano Obama Bibang. The journey to my Ph.D. has been considerably more taxing than I expected, and I would not have been able to complete it without the assistance of an expansive list of people. I would like to thank all of you who have helped me through this process, many of whom I lack the space to do so specifically here.
    [Show full text]
  • Widespread Behavioral Responses by Mammals and Fish to Zoo Visitors Highlight Differences Between Individual Animals
    animals Article Widespread Behavioral Responses by Mammals and Fish to Zoo Visitors Highlight Differences between Individual Animals Sarah A. Boyle 1,*, Nathan Berry 1, Jessica Cayton 1, Sarah Ferguson 1, Allesondra Gilgan 1, Adiha Khan 1, Hannah Lam 1, Stephen Leavelle 1, Isabelle Mulder 1, Rachel Myers 1, Amber Owens 1, Jennifer Park 1 , Iqra Siddiq 1, Morgan Slevin 1, Taylor Weidow 1, Alex J. Yu 1 and Steve Reichling 2 1 Department of Biology, Rhodes College, 2000 North Parkway, Memphis, TN 38112, USA; [email protected] (N.B.); [email protected] (J.C.); [email protected] (S.F.); [email protected] (A.G.); [email protected] (A.K.); [email protected] (H.L.); [email protected] (S.L.); [email protected] (I.M.); [email protected] (R.M.); [email protected] (A.O.); [email protected] (J.P.); [email protected] (I.S.); [email protected] (M.S.); [email protected] (T.W.); [email protected] (A.J.Y.) 2 Conservation and Research Department, Memphis Zoo, 2000 Prentiss Place, Memphis, TN 38112, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-901-843-3268 Received: 21 September 2020; Accepted: 9 November 2020; Published: 13 November 2020 Simple Summary: It is important to understand the impacts that humans have on zoo animals to ensure that zoo animal welfare is not compromised. We conducted multiple short-term studies of the impact of zoo visitors on 16 animal species and found that 90.9% of the mammal species and 60.0% of the fish species studied exhibited some change in behavior related to zoo visitors.
    [Show full text]
  • AFRICAN PRIMATES the Journal of the Africa Section of the IUCN SSC Primate Specialist Group
    Volume 9 2014 ISSN 1093-8966 AFRICAN PRIMATES The Journal of the Africa Section of the IUCN SSC Primate Specialist Group Editor-in-Chief: Janette Wallis PSG Chairman: Russell A. Mittermeier PSG Deputy Chair: Anthony B. Rylands Red List Authorities: Sanjay Molur, Christoph Schwitzer, and Liz Williamson African Primates The Journal of the Africa Section of the IUCN SSC Primate Specialist Group ISSN 1093-8966 African Primates Editorial Board IUCN/SSC Primate Specialist Group Janette Wallis – Editor-in-Chief Chairman: Russell A. Mittermeier Deputy Chair: Anthony B. Rylands University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK USA Simon Bearder Vice Chair, Section on Great Apes:Liz Williamson Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK Vice-Chair, Section on Small Apes: Benjamin M. Rawson R. Patrick Boundja Regional Vice-Chairs – Neotropics Wildlife Conservation Society, Congo; Univ of Mass, USA Mesoamerica: Liliana Cortés-Ortiz Thomas M. Butynski Andean Countries: Erwin Palacios and Eckhard W. Heymann Sustainability Centre Eastern Africa, Nanyuki, Kenya Brazil and the Guianas: M. Cecília M. Kierulff, Fabiano Rodrigues Phillip Cronje de Melo, and Maurício Talebi Jane Goodall Institute, Mpumalanga, South Africa Regional Vice Chairs – Africa Edem A. Eniang W. Scott McGraw, David N. M. Mbora, and Janette Wallis Biodiversity Preservation Center, Calabar, Nigeria Colin Groves Regional Vice Chairs – Madagascar Christoph Schwitzer and Jonah Ratsimbazafy Australian National University, Canberra, Australia Michael A. Huffman Regional Vice Chairs – Asia Kyoto University, Inuyama,
    [Show full text]
  • Cercopithecus
    Edinburgh Research Explorer New simian immunodeficiency virus infecting De Brazza's monkeys (Cercopithecus neglectus) Citation for published version: Bibollet-Ruche, F, Bailes, E, Gao, F, Pourrut, X, Barlow, KL, Clewley, JP, Mwenda, JM, Langat, DK, Chege, GK, McClure, HM, Mpoudi-Ngole, E, Delaporte, E, Peeters, M, Shaw, GM, Sharp, PM & Hahn, BH 2004, 'New simian immunodeficiency virus infecting De Brazza's monkeys (Cercopithecus neglectus): Evidence for a Cercopithecus monkey virus clade', Journal of Virology, vol. 78, no. 14, pp. 7748-7762. https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.78.14.7748-7762.2004 Digital Object Identifier (DOI): 10.1128/JVI.78.14.7748-7762.2004 Link: Link to publication record in Edinburgh Research Explorer Document Version: Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Published In: Journal of Virology Publisher Rights Statement: Free in PMC. General rights Copyright for the publications made accessible via the Edinburgh Research Explorer is retained by the author(s) and / or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing these publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. Take down policy The University of Edinburgh has made every reasonable effort to ensure that Edinburgh Research Explorer content complies with UK legislation. If you believe that the public display of this file breaches copyright please contact [email protected] providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 25. Sep. 2021 JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY, July 2004, p. 7748–7762 Vol. 78, No. 14 0022-538X/04/$08.00ϩ0 DOI: 10.1128/JVI.78.14.7748–7762.2004 Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology.
    [Show full text]
  • Primates in Peril: the World's 25 Most Endangered Primates 2008–2010
    Primates in Peril The World’s 25 Most Endangered Primates 2008–2010 Russell A. Mittermeier, Janette Wallis, Anthony B. Rylands, Jörg U. Ganzhorn, John F. Oates, Elizabeth A. Williamson, Erwin Palacios, Eckhard W. Heymann, M. Cecília M. Kierulff, Long Yongcheng, Jatna Supriatna, Christian Roos, Sally Walker, Liliana Cortés-Ortiz, and Christoph Schwitzer 2009 Cover photos (clockwise from top left): Javan slow loris (Nycticebus javanicus) © K. Anna I. Nekaris Delacour’s langur (Trachypithecus delacouri) © Tilo Nadler Cotton-top tamarin (Saguinus oedipus) © 2008 Lisa Hoffner Northern sportive lemur (Lepilemur septentrionalis) © Conservation International. Photo by Russell A. Mittermeier Primates in Peril: The World’s 25 Most Endangered Primates 2008–2010 Edited by Russell A. Mittermeier, Janette Wallis, Anthony B. Rylands, Jörg U. Ganzhorn, John F. Oates, Elizabeth A. Williamson, Erwin Palacios, Eckhard W. Heymann, M. Cecília M. Kierulff, Long Yongcheng, Jatna Supriatna, Christian Roos, Sally Walker, Liliana Cortés-Ortiz, and Christoph Schwitzer Illustrations by Stephen D. Nash IUCN/SSC Primate Specialist Group (PSG) International Primatological Society (IPS) Conservation International (CI) This publication was supported by the Margot Marsh Biodiversity Foundation Published by: IUCN/SSC Primate Specialist Group (PSG), International Primatological Society (IPS), and Conservation International (CI) Copyright: © 2009 Conservation International All right reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any means without permission in writing from the publisher. Inquiries to the publisher should be directed to the following address: Russell A. Mittermeier, Chair, IUCN/SSC Primate Specialist Group, Conservation International, 2011 Crystal Drive, Suite 500, Arlington, VA 22202, USA Citation: Mittermeier, R. A., Wallis, J., Rylands, A.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Classification of Nonhuman Primates
    BLBS036-Voevodin April 8, 2009 13:57 Part I: Introduction to Primatology and Virology COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL BLBS036-Voevodin April 8, 2009 13:57 BLBS036-Voevodin April 8, 2009 13:57 1 Classification of Nonhuman Primates 1.1 Introduction that the animals colloquially known as monkeys and 1.2 Classification and nomenclature of primates apes are primates. From the zoological standpoint, hu- 1.2.1 Higher primate taxa (suborder, infraorder, mans are also apes, although the use of this term is parvorder, superfamily) usually restricted to chimpanzees, gorillas, orangutans, 1.2.2 Molecular taxonomy and molecular and gibbons. identification of nonhuman primates 1.3 Old World monkeys 1.2. CLASSIFICATION AND NOMENCLATURE 1.3.1 Guenons and allies OF PRIMATES 1.3.1.1 African green monkeys The classification of primates, as with any zoological 1.3.1.2 Other guenons classification, is a hierarchical system of taxa (singu- 1.3.2 Baboons and allies lar form—taxon). The primate taxa are ranked in the 1.3.2.1 Baboons and geladas following descending order: 1.3.2.2 Mandrills and drills 1.3.2.3 Mangabeys Order 1.3.3 Macaques Suborder 1.3.4 Colobines Infraorder 1.4 Apes Parvorder 1.4.1 Lesser apes (gibbons and siamangs) Superfamily 1.4.2 Great apes (chimpanzees, gorillas, and Family orangutans) Subfamily 1.5 New World monkeys Tribe 1.5.1 Marmosets and tamarins Genus 1.5.2 Capuchins, owl, and squirrel monkeys Species 1.5.3 Howlers, muriquis, spider, and woolly Subspecies monkeys Species is the “elementary unit” of biodiversity.
    [Show full text]
  • The Primates of the Western Palaearctic: a Biogeographical, Historical, and Archaeozoological Review
    JASs Invited Reviews Journal of Anthropological Sciences Vol. 87 (2009), pp. 33-91 The primates of the western Palaearctic: a biogeographical, historical, and archaeozoological review Marco Masseti1 & Emiliano Bruner2 1) Dipartimento di Biologia Evoluzionistica “Leo Pardi”, Università di Firenze (Italia) e-mail: marco.masseti@unifi .it 2) Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana (CENIEH), Burgos (España) e-mail: [email protected] Summary – e Western Palaearctic is traditionally regarded as a zoogeographical unit which is lacking in primatological fauna. e representatives of this taxonomic group which has been documented within its boundary can be referred to the genera Macaca, Papio, and Chlorocebus, and possibly also to Erythrocebus and Galago. e data for the present research were collected through a review of all previous knowledge of the primates of this biogeographical region, including their history, and through original sightings and direct observation of fi eld signs. Surveys were carried out directly in North Africa, the peninsula of Gibraltar, and in the Sahara. Additional data on primate distribution were obtained through the examination and evaluation of the materials conserved in several museums. A historical and archaeological investigation was also carried out, appraising both archaeozoological fi ndings and prehistoric and ancient artistic production, in order to evaluate the importance of the monkeys of the Western Palaearctic in relation to local human activities and needs. Keywords – Ethnozoology, Macaca, Papio, Chlorocebus. “Hamadryads. A type of wood-nymph. of Eurasia north of the Himalaya along northern All dryads are concerned with trees and live in Africa, including the northernmost part of the them when they are roaming the forest Sahara (cf.
    [Show full text]
  • (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 9.260,522 B2 Kufer Et Al
    US009260522B2 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 9.260,522 B2 Kufer et al. (45) Date of Patent: Feb. 16, 2016 (54) BISPECIFIC SINGLE CHAIN ANTIBODIES WO WO 2008, 119565 A2 10/2008 WITH SPECIFICITY FOR HIGH WO WO 2008, 119566 A2 10/2008 MOLECULAR WEIGHT TARGET ANTIGENS WO WO 20089567 A2 102008 OTHER PUBLICATIONS (75) Inventors: Peter Kufer, Munich (DE); Claudia Blimel, Munich (DE); Roman Kischel, Sist etal (r. NA i. S. 2. Munich (DE) 139-159).*ariuZZa et al. eV. Ophy S. Ophy S. e. : (73) Assignee: AMGEN RESEARCH (MUNICH) syst al. (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. May 1987; 84 (9): 2926 GMBH, Munich (DE) Chien et al. (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. Jul. 1989: 86 (14): 5532 5536).* (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this Caldas et al. (Mol. Immunol. May 2003; 39 (15): 941-952).* patent is extended or adjusted under 35 Wils a systs, lig,...si:18): U.S.C. 154(b) by 553 days. 5.adoSeal. Elia? J. VTOl. (J. Immunol.S1Ol. Jul. 2002;, 169 (6): 3076-3084).*: (21) Appl. No.: 13/122,271 WuCasset et al. et (J.t Mol.(Biochem. Biol. Nov.Biophys. 19, 1999;Res. &R294 (1): 151-162).*Jul. 2003; 307 (1): 198-205).* (22) PCT Filed: Oct. 1, 2009 MacCallum et al. (J. Mol. Biol. Oct. 11, 1996; 262 (5): 732-745).* Holmetal. (Mol. Immunol. Feb. 2007; 44 (6): 1075-1084).* (86) PCT NO.: PCT/EP2009/062794 ClinicalTrials.gov archive, "Phase II Study of the BiTE(R) Blinatumomab (MT103) in Patients With Minimal Residual Disease S371 (c)(1), of B-Precursor Acute ALL.” View of NCT00560794 on Aug.
    [Show full text]
  • Journal of Research in Forestry, Wildlife and Environment, Volume 12, No
    Olaleru and Omotosho, 2020 Journal of Research in Forestry, Wildlife & Environment Vol. 12(4) December, 2020 E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] http://www.ajol.info/index.php/jrfwe 54 This work is licensed under a jfewr ©2020 - jfewr Publications Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License ISBN: 2141 – 1778 Olaleru and Omotosho, 2020 HUMAN-MONKEY CONFLICT IN AND AROUND LEKKI CONSERVATION CENTRE, LAGOS, NIGERIA *1, 2Olaleru, F. and 1Omotosho, O.O. 1Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Lagos 2Centre for Biodiversity Conservation and Ecosystem Management, University of Lagos, Lagos State, Nigeria. * Corresponding author: [email protected]; +234 807 780 0748 ABSTRACT As human and wildlife habitats become more spatially close, the resource requirement overlaps and conflicts are inevitable. This study determined the incidence and nature of conflicts caused by the monkeys in Lekki Conservation Centre (LCC). One hundred and fifty structured questionnaires were administered to the staff of, and visitors to LCC, and community members around LCC. Descriptive statistics was used to analyze the data. Cross tabulation and Pearson Chi-square test were used to determine the effects of personal data of respondents on their assessment of human-monkey conflicts. All respondents indicated sighting monkeys on daily basis, in both wet and dry seasons. Most (91.5%) of the respondents showed that the monkeys were not hunted, 80.0% indicated the monkeys caused harm, 53.8% was stealing of goods, while 26.2% was destruction of properties. The harm caused by the monkeys was significant (P<0.05) among respondents based on age (n=129), status (n=127), and educational levels (n=130).
    [Show full text]
  • Eye-Blink Behaviors in 71 Species of Primates
    Eye-Blink Behaviors in 71 Species of Primates Hideoki Tada1, Yasuko Omori2, Kumi Hirokawa3, Hideki Ohira4, Masaki Tomonaga5* 1 Department of Psychology, Tohoku-Gakuin University, Sendai, Japan, 2 Jin’ai University, Echizen, Japan, 3 Okayama University, Okayama, Japan, 4 Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan, 5 Primate Research Institute of Kyoto University, Inuyama, Japan Abstract The present study was performed to investigate the associations between eye-blink behaviors and various other factors in primates. We video-recorded 141 individuals across 71 primate species and analyzed the blink rate, blink duration, and ‘‘isolated’’ blink ratio (i.e., blinks without eye or head movement) in relation to activity rhythms, habitat types, group size, and body size factors. The results showed close relationships between three types of eye-blink measures and body size factors. All of these measures increased as a function of body weight. In addition, diurnal primates showed more blinks than nocturnal species even after controlling for body size factors. The most important findings were the relationships between eye-blink behaviors and social factors, e.g., group size. Among diurnal primates, only the blink rate was significantly correlated even after controlling for body size factors. The blink rate increased as the group size increased. Enlargement of the neocortex is strongly correlated with group size in primate species and considered strong evidence for the social brain hypothesis. Our results suggest that spontaneous eye-blinks have acquired a role in social communication, similar to grooming, to adapt to complex social living during primate evolution. Citation: Tada H, Omori Y, Hirokawa K, Ohira H, Tomonaga M (2013) Eye-Blink Behaviors in 71 Species of Primates.
    [Show full text]