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International Journal of Research e-ISSN: 2348-6848 p-ISSN: 2348-795X Available at https://edupediapublications.org/journals Volume 05 Issue 12 April 2018

Automobile Solar Air conditioner Rishabh maheshwari, Anand Gangwani, Amarjeet singh DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING SHRI SHANKARACHARYA INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY

Abstract INTRODUCTION

Air conditioner is the primary Use of petrol and diesel cars are getting accessory of a passenger car which is maximum day by day. We will design used to maintain the cabin an Automobile air conditioner system temperature and humidity at which will work on . We comfortable levels for a passenger. will use solar panels which will charge But this system consumes a lot of power automatically from sunlight and will and negatively affects the fuel efficiency power the battery. The components like of a car. Depleting natural oil compressor, DC motor, fan motor are resources, increasing oil prices and connected in circuit through which our environment pollution increases the automobile air conditioner will work on awareness about the Need to use solar energy. The main concept of this renewable sources. In past years, lot of project is to reduce the use of fossil fuels efforts have been made towards the and to decrease the engine load and application of solar energy to electric increase the average by disconnecting and hybrid cars, but a limited work is compressor from engine. done on particularly air conditioning The use of solar energy for cooling can case. In the present work, feasibility be either to provide refrigeration for study of air conditioner has been food preservation or to provide comfort discussed using solar energy. With the cooling. There is less experience with implementation of solar conditioner in solar cooling than solar heating. Several automobile the fuel efficiency will be solar heated buildings have been increased and the tail pipe emissions designed, built, operated for extended are reduced. Also by dis-attaching periods but only a few short –time experiments have been reported on solar compressor from engine and making it cooling. However, research work is run through the solar energy, the load expected to close the gap between the on engine decreases. two within few years.

Keywords: Automobile, Solar, Air- Energy Resources Conditioner, Motor, Compressor. Global warming and the rising costs of petroleum products have become topics in the forefront of modern day science and politics. Research on renewable,

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non- energy technology has ’s energy to heat a fluid that drives a been steadily increasing and many turbine to produce electricity. consumers view these “green” energy Photovoltaic cells, also known as solar technologies as opportunities to both cells, which convert light energy reduce their carbon footprints as well as directly into electricity, are the primary save money. Some examples of these focus of this project. energy sources that can be readily Sunlight carries energy which normally implemented in small-scale applications is partly turned into heat when it hits an for the average consumer include solar, Object. Solar cells are constructed of geothermal and wind energies. materials that turn solar energy into electrical current which can be collected Other popular for power generation. To increase the sources, including tidal and voltage of the electricity generated, hydroelectric, are not feasible or solar cells can be wired together in accessible for the average consumer. series to create larger arrays, known as Solar energy has become more solar panels. Solar cells accomplish this appealing because of improvements in energy conversion by the use of overall efficiency and decreasing costs. semiconductor materials. Currently, compared to the cost per watt Semiconductors are the building blocks of energy produced by coal, solar energy of solar cells and are materials that do is more expensive; however, the cost of not behave as insulators or conductors, solar cells is continually decreasing and but rather exhibit characteristics that fall reducing the price gap. in-between. Silicon solar cells are a popular category because of availability and Solar Cell Technology cost and will be the technology investigated. These semiconductors are There are two major types of renewable broken down into two types, n-type and technologies that utilize solar energy: p-type. In order to improve its electrical solar thermal plants and photovoltaic conductivity characteristics, silicon is cells. Solar thermal plants utilize the “doped.”

Figure 1 - Solar Cell Circuit

Available online: https://edupediapublications.org/journals/index.php/IJR/ P a g e | 1522 International Journal of Research e-ISSN: 2348-6848 p-ISSN: 2348-795X Available at https://edupediapublications.org/journals Volume 05 Issue 12 April 2018

Solar Panels

A is made up of many solar Several components are necessary in a cells wired together. Depending on the system capable of utilizing the energy energy required for the specific generated by the solar panel array as application, many solar panels can be shown in Figure 2: wired together to create a large array.

Figure 2 - Typical Solar Energy System

Literature Review saving these non renewable sources of energy. Several people have performed research studies on energy efficient source for Daut, M. Adzrie, M. Irwanto, P. cooling and refrigeration. Ibrahim, M. Fitra investigated the design and construction of a direct Yogesh Sunil Wanborikar, Abhay current (DC) air conditioning system Sinha studied that the renewable integrated with photovoltaic (PV) energy is vital for today’s world as in system which consists of PV panels, near future the non renewable sources , inverter and batteries. that we are using are going to get how to design and construct the system exhausted. The solar vehicle is a Step in with enough supplied to it. With considering of these several

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factors, it will help to improve the Methodology stability and efficiency of the system for The subject components include a greener solutions to the world’s energy battery, or battery chain, charge needs. controller and inverter. Because solar E. Janotkova, M. Pavelek presented panels are generally not able to generate new trends in the area of automobile air energy at night, a battery is needed for conditioning, which is fast becoming storage of the energy that is necessary at standard equipment. Their Attention is night-time or on cloudy days when the focused on the refrigerant and production from the panel is lessened or ventilation circuit of the air conditioning is non-existent. Deep cycle batteries are equipment, and on the control system. a good choice for this application because they are designed to be A solar panel may be installed of the discharged to a greater percentage of roof of the car. The generated electricity their capacity. They are also able to from solar panel is stored in thebattery. deliver lower amperage levels for longer This stored battery power is used to run periods of time than other batteries, the compressor of auto air conditioner which is desirable for the consistent with the help of . The loads that would be expected. compressor is not connected to the engine. Solar controller is attached The charge controller is also known as a between solar panels and battery for voltage regulator and is included to safety of battery. protect the battery. When the battery is charged to its full capacity, the charge Charles A. Lindgren concluded that controller prevents the battery from Inevitably at some point the weather being overcharged, which could will prevent the solar panels from decrease its expected lifetime or even gathering energy to use for the air cause an explosion. conditioning. However, the solar panels will provide a source of energy, which The last component in this system is the will lessen the amount of fuel burned inverter. The inverter takes the charge and reduce the output of greenhouse from the direct current (DC) output and gases to the environment. turns it into alternating current (AC), which is the format present in household systems.

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Fig -3: Circuit of Solar Operated Automobile AC System

Specifications of Circuit Components automobile application, angle between solar radiation and solar panel cannot be Solar-Panel Specification maintained ideally. And if a mechanism Type = panel is made for variable sun tracking, then one should have to compromise with the Power = 100 Watt aerodynamic shape of the vehicle.

Voltage = 24 V That may cause little improvement and A 20 ampere current rating solar charge major harm to the vehicle performance. controller is placed between panel and So panel should be placed as the vehicle battery for the safety issues of battery. aerodynamic shape.

Polycrystalline silicon panels are Due to lack of possibility of ideal angle selected for this application, because formation between sun rays and solar this type of solar panel shows good cost panels, panels may work with less to power ratio as compare to mono- effectiveness, so a lower photovoltaic crystalline and efficiency of 13% is taken for this panels. system design calculations.

Generally polycrystalline panel give an efficiency of 15%, but in this kind of

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Fig -5: Swash Plate Type Compressor

Car’s Roof And Hood Available Area iii) Car gives 20km/litre mileage (Maruti Suzuki WagonR) without air conditioner work and 16km/litre with air conditioner work. Cost Comparative Analysis iv) Fuel price is 70 Rs/litre Solar operated auto air conditioner system is eco friendly as compare to the v) A car runs nearly one lakh km in 10 present engine driven AC system. years of life. Generally combustion of one litre of petrol emits 240 gm of carbon mono oxide, 2.5 kg of carbon Di oxide, 1 gm Fuel saved value by solar air of hydro carbons, and 0.1 gm of nitrogen conditioner: oxide. But for successful implementation of this system, it should As we have already assumed that, car be cost effective also. gives the mileage of 20km/litre when car run without air conditioner operation So a cost comparison is made between and 16 km/litre with air conditioner the present system and solar operated operation. system. Break even analysis (BEP) is made for this cost analysis. i) The vehicle is run maximum 2 hours Here x, is the distance travelled by the daily. car with Air conditioner, ii) Car takes complete day sunshine that may be during running or parking time.

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CONCLUSION conditioner on car engine i.e. air conditioner can be run without Feasibility of the solar driven auto air engine working like on red light conditioner is checked under different etc. working conditions and following  Extra solar energy can also be conclusions are determined through the used for power the other car appropriate calculations and practical accessories like music system, consideration with reasonable light, 12 V car batteries etc. assumptions:

 There is direct relation between References solar energy and AC requirement i.e. more the sunshine more will 1. Dr. R.E. Critoph, Mr. K. Thompson be the requirement of (1999) “Solar Energy For Cooling And cooling(say in summer) and less Refrigeration”, Engineering the sunshine less will be the Department, University of warwick, requirement of cooling (say in Coventry CV4 7AL,UK. winter or monsoon). This relation 2. E. Janotkova, M. Pavelek(1994) gives the major strength to this “New Trends in the Field of Automobile project feasibility. Air Conditioning”, Department of  Air conditioner compressor can Thermomechanics and Environmental be run with the help of 230 V, AC Engineering Brno University of motor of power 738 watt. Technology, 61669 Brno, Czech  Sufficient to run the Republic. motor can be generated by installing a solar panel on the 3. I. Daut, M. Adzrie, M. Irwanto, P. roof of the car. This solar energy Ibrahim, M. Fitra(2013) “Solar can run the motor nearly 1 hour a Powered Air Conditioning System” day at peak load. 4 TerraGreen13 International  Polycrystalline solar panel and Conference. lead acid battery are advised for such a system work. Because this 5. Yogesh Sunil Wamborikar, Abhay combination makes a good Sinha (2010) “Solar Powered Vehicle”, compromise between cost and Proceedings of the World Congress on work performance. Engineering and Computer Science  This solar operated Air 2010 Vol II WCECS 2010, San conditioner system is both eco Francisco, USA. friendly and cost effective. It reduces the dependency of Air

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6. Salman Tamseel, Shah Alam (2016) “ Analysis of SolarPowered D.C Air Conditioning System”, International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 6, ISSN 2250- 3153

7. http://www.nrel.gov

8. http://www.swtc.edu/ag_power/air_con ditioning/lecture/basic_cycle.htm

9. http://www.electronics- cooling.com/2002/05/thermal-design- challenges-in-automotive-alternator- power-electronics/

10.http://www.climatechangeconnectio n.org/emissions/documents/GWP_AR4

11. Z. Rahman. M. Ehsani, and K. Butler, An investigation of electric motor drive characteristics for EV and HEV systems, Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) Journal, Paper No. 2000–01–3062, Warrendale, PA, 2003.

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