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Digital Twin Modeling of a Solar Car Based on the Hybrid Model Method with Data-Driven and Mechanistic
applied sciences Article Digital Twin Modeling of a Solar Car Based on the Hybrid Model Method with Data-Driven and Mechanistic Luchang Bai, Youtong Zhang *, Hongqian Wei , Junbo Dong and Wei Tian Laboratory of Low Emission Vehicle, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; [email protected] (L.B.); [email protected] (H.W.); [email protected] (J.D.); [email protected] (W.T.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Featured Application: This technology is expected to be used in energy management of new energy vehicles. Abstract: Solar cars are energy-sensitive and affected by many factors. In order to achieve optimal energy management of solar cars, it is necessary to comprehensively characterize the energy flow of vehicular components. To model these components which are hard to formulate, this study stimulates a solar car with the digital twin (DT) technology to accurately characterize energy. Based on the hybrid modeling approach combining mechanistic and data-driven technologies, the DT model of a solar car is established with a designed cloud platform server based on Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) to realize data interaction between physical and virtual entities. The DT model is further modified by the offline optimization data of drive motors, and the energy consumption is evaluated with the DT system in the real-world experiment. Specifically, the energy consumption Citation: Bai, L.; Zhang, Y.; Wei, H.; error between the experiment and simulation is less than 5.17%, which suggests that the established Dong, J.; Tian, W. Digital Twin DT model can accurately stimulate energy consumption. Generally, this study lays the foundation Modeling of a Solar Car Based on the for subsequent performance optimization research. -
Thin Film Silicon Solar Cells: Advanced Processing and Characterization - 26 101191 / 151399
April 2008 Photovoltaic Programme Edition 2008 Summary Report, Project List, Annual Project Reports 2007 (Abstracts) elaborated by: NET Nowak Energy & Technology Ltd. Cover: Zero-Energy Building: Support Office of Marché International, Kemptthal / ZH 44,6 kWp Solar Power System with Thin Film Solar Cells (Photos: Front cover: SunTechnics Fabrisolar, Back cover: Büro für Architektur Beat Kämpfen, Photo Willi Kracher) Prepared by: NET Nowak Energy & Technology Ltd. Waldweg 8, CH - 1717 St. Ursen (Switzerland) Phone: +41 (0) 26 494 00 30, Fax. +41 (0) 26 494 00 34, [email protected] on behalf of: Swiss Federal Office of Energy SFOE Mühlestrasse 4, CH - 3063 Ittigen postal addresse: CH- 3003 Bern Phone: 031 322 56 11, Fax. 031 323 25 00 [email protected] www.bfe.admin.ch Photovoltaic Programme Edition 2008 Summary Report, Project List, Annual Project Reports 2007 (Abstracts) Contents S. Nowak Summary Report Edition 2008 Page 5 Annual Project Reports 2007 (Abstracts) Page C. Ballif, J. Bailat, F.J. Haug, S. Faÿ, R. Tscharner Thin film silicon solar cells: advanced processing and characterization - 26 101191 / 151399 F.J. Haug, C. Ballif Flexible photovoltaics: next generation high efficiency and low cost thin 27 film silicon modules - CTI 8809 S. Olibet, C. Ballif High efficiency thin-film passivated silicon solar cells and modules - 28 THIFIC: Thin film on crystalline Si - Axpo Naturstrom Fonds 0703 C. Ballif, F. J. Haug, V. Terrazzoni-Daudrix FLEXCELLENCE: Roll-to-roll technology for the production of high efficiency 29 low cost thin film silicon photovoltaic modules - SES-CT-019948 N. Wyrsch, C. Ballif ATHLET: Advanced Thin Film Technologies for Cost Effective Photovoltaics - 30 IP 019670 A. -
Design and Implementation of Reliable Solar Tree
5 IV April 2017 http://doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2017.4184 www.ijraset.com Volume 5 Issue IV, April 2017 IC Value: 45.98 ISSN: 2321-9653 International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET) Design and Implementation of Reliable Solar Tree Mr. Nitesh Kumar Dixit1, Mr. Vikram Singh2, Mr. Naveen Kumar3, Mr. Manish Kumar Sunda4 1,2 Department of Electronics & Communications Engineering, 3,4 Department of Electrical Engineering, BIET Sikar Abstract: - Flat or roof top mountings of Photovoltaic (PV) structures require large location or land. Scarcity of land is greatest problem in towns or even in villages in India. Sun strength Tree presents higher opportunity to flat mounting of PV systems. For domestic lighting fixtures and other applications use of solar Tree is extra relevant whilst PV system is to be used. Sun tree is an innovative city lights idea that represents a really perfect symbiosis among pioneering layout and like-minded technology. In this paper load, PV, battery and tilt angle requirements estimated for solar tree. The optimum tilt angle for Sikar, Rajasthan calculated i.e. Latitude=27.5691 and Longitude=75.14425. The power output of 240Whr with battery unit of 30Ah, 12V was calculated. Keywords— Photovoltaic, Sun, Solar Tree, Tilt Angle, Sikar Rajasthan; I. INTRODUCTION It is a form of renewable power resource that is some degree competitive with fossil fuels. Hydro power is the force of electricity of moving water. It provides about 96% of the renewable energy in the United States. Solar electricity is available in abundance and considered as the easiest and cleanest method of tapping the renewable power. -
Large-Scale Solar Photovoltaic Impact Assessment in the Context of the Brazilian Environmental and Energy Planning
LARGE-SCALE SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC IMPACT ASSESSMENT IN THE CONTEXT OF THE BRAZILIAN ENVIRONMENTAL AND ENERGY PLANNING Gardenio Diogo Pimentel da Silva Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada ao Programa de Pós-graduação em Planejamento Energético, COPPE, da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, como parte dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do título de Mestre em Planejamento Energético. Orientador(es): David Alves Castelo Branco Alessandra Magrini Rio de Janeiro Feverreiro de 2019 LARGE-SCALE SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC IMPACT ASSESSMENT IN THE CONTEXT OF THE BRAZILIAN ENVIRONMENTAL AND ENERGY PLANNING Gardenio Diogo Pimentel da Silva DISSERTAÇÃO SUBMETIDA AO CORPO DOCENTE DO INSTITUTO ALBERTO LUIZ COIMBRA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO E PESQUISA DE ENGENHARIA (COPPE) DA UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO RIO DE JANEIRO COMO PARTE DOS REQUISITOS NECESSÁRIOS PARA A OBTENÇÃO DO GRAU DE MESTRE EM CIÊNCIAS EM PLANEJAMENTO ENERGÉTICO. Examinada por: ________________________________________________ Prof. Dr. David Alves Castelo Branco, DSc. ________________________________________________ Prof. Dr. Alessandra Magrini, DSc. ________________________________________________ Prof. Dr. Betina Susanne Hoffmann, DSc. ________________________________________________ Prof. Dr. Ricardo Abranches Felix Cardoso Júnior, DSc. RIO DE JANEIRO, RJ - BRASIL FEVERREIRO DE 2019 Da Silva, Gardenio Diogo Pimentel Large-scale solar photovoltaic impact assessment in the context of the Brazilian environmental and energy planning/ Gardenio Diogo Pimentel da Silva. XIV, 89 p.: il.; 29,7 cm. Orientador: David Alves Castelo Branco e Alessandra Magrini Dissertação (mestrado) – UFRJ/ COPPE/ Programa de Planejamento Energético, 2019. Referências Bibliográficas: p. 92-96. 1. 1. Environmental Impact Assessment. 2. Regulation and energy planning. 3. Multicriteria decision-making analysis. I. Branco, David Alves Castelo; Magrini, Alessandra. II. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, COPPE, Programa de Engenharia Civil. -
Barbados Sustainable Energy Industry Market Assessment Report
Barbados Sustainable Energy Industry Market Assessment Report In preparation of the GEF Project No. 9648: “Strategic Platform to Promote Sustainable Energy Technology Innovation, Industrial Development and Entrepreneurship in Barbados” Final report: 19 March 2018 Procurement Notice Ref. No.: 7000002430 Submitted by ConPlusUltra GmbH Written by: Josef Buchinger, David Ince, Leisa Perch and Brigitte Hatvan UNIDO Project Contact: Martin Lugmayr, [email protected], Laia Barbara, [email protected] MIICS Project Contact: Rodney Payne, Senior Administrative Officer, [email protected] Barbados Sustainable Energy Industry Market Assessment Report Table of Contents Table of Contents ............................................................................................................................................................. 1 Acronyms ......................................................................................................................................................................... 4 Units and nomenclature .................................................................................................................................................. 4 1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................................................. 5 1.1 Objective of the assignment ............................................................................................................................... 5 2 -
US Photvoltaic Patents
NRELlTP-210-4469 UC Category: 270 DE91015013 December 1991 u.s. Photovoltaic Patents: 1988-1990 Produced by the Photovoltaics Division National Renewable Energy Laboratory 1617 Cole Boulevard Golden. CO 80401-3393 A Division of Midwest Research Institute Operated for the U.S. Department of Energy Under Contract No. DE-AC02-83CH10093 Contents Introduction....................... ...........................iii Photovoltaic Patents 1988-1990.................................. 1 Indexes Assignee Index .......................................76 Inventor Index.......... ..............................84 Subject Index...................... .. ................106 I I U.S. Patent Oec. 6, 19�J Sheel I or J 4.419.532 FIG. I n� U.S. pa.te ,,,12/!. \ F'IG.2 It! ii Contents Introduction This document contains U.S. patents on terrestrial • Cell Components (metalization, substrates, conduc photovoltaic (PV) power applications, including systems, tive coatings, anti reflective coatings) components, and materials, as well as manufacturing • Cell Enhancement Techniques (surface and grain and support functions. boundary paSSivation, annealing) • Materials Production and Processes (purification, The patent entries in this document were Issued from deposttion, doping) 1988 through 1990. The entries were located by search • Characterization and Analysis ing USPA, the data base of the U.S. Patent Office. The final search retrieved all patents under the class "Batter Collectors ies, Thermoelectric and Photoelectric" and the sub classes "Photoelectric," "Testing," and IIApplications." • Flat-Plate Collectors (design, components, produc The search also located patents that contained the words tion) "photovoltaic(s)" or "solar cell(s)" and their derivatives. • Concentrator Collectors (design, components, A manual search of the patents In the Solar Energy production) Research Institute (SERI) patent file augmented the data • Optics and Trackers (lenses, reflectors, tracking base search. -
A New Direction for Renewable Energy
A New Direction For Renewable Energy . Conserving the worlds carbon . At our current usage of carbon their will be no carbon left on this planet in approx 7000 years time. Carbon is the building block of life. This is why we need renewable energy & electric propulsion. AUSI, Australien Universal Space Industries have developed the latest state of the art robotic systems for constructing renewable energy infrastructure. Robotic Renewable Energy Infrastructure Construction . Evolutionary swarm robotics basics . In days gone by & still in these days & hopefully for many years into the future the demoscene has stamped its way into computer immortality. Using complex discrete mathamatics computer programmers are able to push the limits of computational power & produce awe inspiring display hacks. http://www.demoscene.tv/ What started out as abit of tinkering with computers by enthusiasts & hobbyists resulted in attaining government & corporate sponsorship, however has government & corporate sponsorship reduced the creativity of the demoscene ? The demoscene was around before youtube or googlevid & even the internet. What makes the Demoscene stand out from the rest is that computer generated music was blended with computer generated graphics. Three types of ppl make a demo work. [1] coders [2] graphicians [3] musicians And these days many old demo group groupies now work with mathematicians, data miners, scientists & engineers to create EEA Exploratory Engineering Applications . The Magical Seven These Days Comprise Of . [1] coders [2] graphicians [3] musicians [4] mathematicians [5] data miners [6] scientists [7] engineers EEA Exploratory Engineering Applications are still esoteric but do provide humanity a possible alternative reality apart from the traditional highway to hell. -
(12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 8,220,569 B2 Hassan (45) Date of Patent: Jul
USOO8220569B2 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 8,220,569 B2 Hassan (45) Date of Patent: Jul. 17, 2012 (54) GREEN ELECTRIC VEHICLE UTILIZING 4,592,436 A * 6/1986 Tomei ............................ 1802.2 MULTIPLE SOURCES OF ENERGY D374,656 S 10, 1996 Richardson 5,680,032 A * 10/1997 Pena ............................... 290,52 5,680,908 A 10, 1997 Reed (76) Inventor: M. Hassan Hassan, Windermere, FL 6,138,781 A * 10/2000 Hakala ........................... 1802.2 (US) 6,831,221 B2 * 12/2004 Hulen ......... ... 136,253 6.857,492 B1* 2/2005 Liskey et al. ................. 180,165 (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this 7,445,064 B2 11/2008 Kim patent is extended or adjusted under 35 7,493.974 B1 2/2009 Boncodin U.S.C. 154(b) by 288 d 7,605,493 B1 10/2009 Boudreaux .S.C. 154(b) by ayS. 7,810,589 B2 * 10/2010 Frierman ....................... 1802.2 2007,0261896 A1* 11/2007 Shaffer et al. ... 1802.2 (21) Appl. No.: 12/819,174 2010, 0006351 A1* 1 2010 Howard ...... ... 1802.2 2011/0100.731 A1* 5, 2011 Hassan .......................... 1802.2 (22) Filed: Jun. 18, 2010 FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS (65) Prior Publication Data GB 2126963. A 4f1984 US 2011/0309786 A1 Dec. 22, 2011 * cited by examiner (51) Int. Cl. Primary Examiner — J. Allen Shriver, II B60L. 8/00 (2006.01) Assistant Examiner — Emma K Frick (52) U.S. Cl. ...................................... 180/2.2: 180/65.31 (58) Field of Classification Search ................... 1802.1 (57) ABSTRACT 180/2.2, 65.1, 65.31, 165; 290/55, 4 R; 136/291 The present disclosure includes an electric vehicle without an See application file for complete search history. -
NREL Information Resources Catalogue 1999
About the Catalogue The National Renewable Energy Laboratory’s (NREL) sixth annual Information Resources Catalogue can help keep you up-to-date on the research, development, opportunities, and National Renewable Energy Laboratory available technologies in energy efficiency and renewable energy. The catalogue includes 1617 Cole Boulevard five main sections with entries grouped according to subject area. Golden, Colorado 80401-3393 Most of the publications in this catalogue—and many others on energy efficiency and NREL is a U.S. Department of Energy National Laboratory renewable energy—can be found on Web sites developed and/or maintained by NREL. The first Operated by Midwest Research Institute • Battelle • Bechtel section provides a listing of these “Internet Resources,” which is especially helpful if you’d like to access information quickly. You can also access the latest information using these resources. NREL/BK-310-27838 March 2000 A good place to start a search for information is on NREL’s Publications Database at www.nrel.gov/publications/. The second section provides concise descriptions of the “General Interest Publications” produced by NREL during its 1999 fiscal year. These publications highlight the advances in energy NOTICE: This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States government. Neither the United States efficiency and renewable energy technologies, as well as the NREL and U.S. Department of Energy government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes (DOE) programs that encourage their advancement and use. any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its The last three sections in the catalogue—“Technical Reports,” “Conference Papers, Journal use would not infringe privately owned rights. -
SOLAR TREE for SMART CITY *M.Samson Antony, *S..Dineshkumar, *M
Vol 11, Issue 7,July/ 2020 ISSN NO: 0377-9254 SOLAR TREE FOR SMART CITY *M.Samson Antony, *S..Dineshkumar, *M. Arun kumar, *M. Mohamed Abdullasha, *S. Ajith kumar, *P Parthiban, # Dr.V. Hamsadhwani *Final year students, #Associate Professor Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Periyar Maniammai Institute of Science and Technology, Thanjavur 613403, India ABSTRACT natural hazards. India is a densely populated Electric energy demand is increasing over the country the advantage of such energy source which decades and to fulfil the required demand we have into account that requires a very less space to to concentrate on utilizing non-conventional produce energy efficiently. A solar tree is most sources of energy. India being a highly populated relevant and economical way of harnessing the country, so it is essential to take the advantage of solar energy. It can harness the energy occupying such an energy source which requires a very less less space as compared to other traditional space to produce energy efficiently. This methods. An attempt is made to design and arrangement of solar panels called “Spiralling fabricate solar trees for the remotely located Phyllotaxy” improves the efficiency of the tree. It individual households by reducing or avoiding the can be applied in street lightening system, regular electric energy consumption. Considering industrial power supply, remote areas etc. It is a the minimum power requirement for a single very good option for implementation and requires household, the tracking however being passive in less space than other conventional energy nature requires energy input for operation which equipment as space availability is the main problem becomes a liability from the point of the total in many cities. -
Multidisciplinary Design Optimization of an Extreme Aspect Ratio HALE UAV
MULTIDISCIPLINARY DESIGN OPTIMIZATION OF AN EXTREME ASPECT RATIO HALE UAV A Thesis presented to the Faculty of the California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science in Aerospace Engineering by Bryan J. Morrisey June 2009 © 2009 Bryan J. Morrisey ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii COMMITTEE MEMBERSHIP Title: Multidisciplinary Design Optimization of an Extreme Aspect Ratio HALE UAV Author: Bryan J. Morrisey Date Submitted: June 2009 Committee Chair: Dr. Robert A. McDonald Committee Member: Dr. David D. Marshall Committee Member: Dr. Tim Takahashi Committee Member: Dr. John Dunning iii ABSTRACT Multidisciplinary Design Optimization of an Extreme Aspect Ratio HALE UAV Bryan J. Morrisey Development of High Altitude Long Endurance (HALE) aircraft systems is part of a vision for a low cost communications/surveillance capability. Applications of a multi payload aircraft operating for extended periods at stratospheric altitudes span military and civil genres and support battlefield operations, communications, atmospheric or agricultural monitoring, surveillance, and other disciplines that may currently require satellite-based infrastructure. Presently, several development efforts are underway in this field, including a project sponsored by DARPA that aims at producing an aircraft that can sustain flight for multiple years and act as a pseudo-satellite. Design of this type of air vehicle represents a substantial challenge because of the vast number of engineering disciplines required for analysis, and its residence at the frontier of energy technology. The central goal of this research was the development of a multidisciplinary tool for analysis, design, and optimization of HALE UAVs, facilitating the study of a novel configuration concept. -
Solar and Fuel Cells Technology Fundamentals & Design
PDHonline Course E512 (8 PDH) _______________________________________________________________________________ Solar and Fuel Cells Technology Fundamentals & Design Instructor: Jurandir Primo, PE 2016 PDH Online | PDH Center 5272 Meadow Estates Drive Fairfax, VA 22030-6658 Phone & Fax: 703-988-0088 www.PDHonline.org www.PDHcenter.com An Approved Continuing Education Provider www.PDHcenter.com PDHonline Course E512 www.PDHonline.org SOLAR AND FUEL CELLS TECHNOLOGY FUNDAMENTALS & DESIGN CONTENTS: CHAPTER 1 – SOLAR ENERGY I. INTRODUCTION II. SOLAR ENERGY TIMELINE III. SOLAR POWER PANELS IV. LARGE SOLAR POWER SYSTEMS V. SOLAR ENERGY INTEGRATION VI. SOLAR THERMAL PANELS VII. SOLAR ENERGY APPLICATIONS VIII. SOLAR SYSTEMS INSTALLATION IX. BASIC ELECTRICITY – OHM´S LAW AND POWER X. SOLAR PANELS DESIGN XI. HOW TO WIRE THE SOLAR PANELS CHAPTER 2 – FUEL CELLS TECHNOLOGY I. INTRODUCTION II. FUEL CELLS HISTORY III. MAIN FUEL CELLS TYPES IV. OTHER FUEL CELLS DEVELOPMENT V. FUEL CELLS BASIC CHARACTERISTICS VI. FUEL CELLS GENERAL APPLICATIONS VII. HYDROGEN PRODUCTION METHODS VIII. HYDROGEN USE IN FUTURE IX. LINKS AND REFERENCES ©2016 Jurandir Primo Page 1 of 76 www.PDHcenter.com PDHonline Course E512 www.PDHonline.org CHAPTER 1 - SOLAR ENERGY: 1. INTRODUCTION: Solar energy is the technology used to harness the sun's energy and make it useable, using a range of ever-evolving technologies such as, solar heating, photovoltaics, solar thermal energy, solar ar- chitecture and artificial photosynthesis. It is an important source of renewable energy, whose tech- nologies are broadly characterized as, either passive solar or active solar depending on the way they capture and distribute solar energy or convert it into solar power. The passive solar techniques include orienting architecture to the sun, selecting materials with favorable thermal mass or light dispersing properties, and designing spaces that naturally circulate air.