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Official Application by the Basque Coast Geopark Project to Become a European Geopark

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Official Application by the Basque Coast Geopark Project to Become a European Geopark CANDIDATURA OFICIAL DEL GEOPARQUE DE LA COSTA VASCA A LA RED EUROPEA DE GEOPARQUES ÍNDICE Índice propuestoOFFICIAL de la memoria de la candidatura APPLICATION a la Red Europea de Geoparques (EGN) DescripciónBY THE BASQUE COAST A. Identificación del Geoparque. Definición del territorio 1. Nombre GEOPARKdel lugar que solicita ser geoparque. PROJECT 2. Localización y límitesTO del territorio. BECOME A 3. Superficie,EUROPEAN elementos geográficos y humanos GEOPARK 4. Organización responsable del geoparque B. Descripción científica de la región propuesta a la nominación de Geoparque Europeo 1. Caracterización geográfica del territorio (Definición de la zona geográfica donde se localiza el territorio) 2. Descripción geológica general 2.1. Introducción 2.2. Estratigrafía 2.3. Tectónica 2.4. Historia geológica 2.5. Relevancia del patrimonio geológico 2.5.1. Estratigrafía 2.5.2. Paleontología 2.5.3. Tectónica 2.5.4. Geomorfología y paisaje 2.5.5. Hidrogeología 3. Listado y descripción de los puntos de interés geológico (o “geositios”) 4. Detalles del interés de estos puntos (científico, educativo, etc.) 5. Amenazas o impactos actuales o futuros en el territorio y en los “geositios” MUTRIKU - DEBA - ZUMAIA NOVEMBER 2009 OFFICIAL APPLICATION BY THE BASQUE COAST GEOPARK PROJECT TO BECOME A EUROPEAN GEOPARK A. Description of the Geopark territory 2 1. Name of the area applying to become a European Geopark 2 2. Location of area applying to become a geopark 2 3. Physical and human geography 3 4. Organisation in charge of the geopark 4 4.1. Background 4 4.2. Management of the geopark 5 4.3. Geopark funding 6 B. Scientific description of the region applying to become a European Geopark 6 1. Geographical features of the territory 6 2. General geological description 6 2.1. Introduction 6 2.2. Stratigraphy 7 2.3. Tectonics 8 2.4. Geological history 10 2.5. Importance of the geological heritage 10 2.5.1. Stratigraphy 10 2.5.2. Palaeontology 11 2.5.3. Tectonics 11 2.5.4. Geomorphology and landscapes 11 2.5.5. Hydrogeology 12 3. List and description of the places of geological interest (or “geosites”) 12 4. Details of the reasons why these places are of interest (scientific, educational, etc.) 13 5. Current or future threats or impacts facing the territory and the “geosites” 14 6. Current protection status of the “geosites”. Policies for the protection, promotion and economic development of the geological heritage in the territory. Existing policies and those currently being prepared, as well as current and future actions 14 6.1. Status derived from country legislation 14 6.2. Special Protection Areas and Areas of Nature Conservation Interest in the Land Use Planning Guidelines for the Basque Country 14 7. Information on the management of these “geosites” 15 8. List and description of the sites of non-geological interest, which can link up with the sites of geological interest 16 8.1. Areas of natural interest 16 8.2. Geocultural heritage 17 8.2.1. Caves with archaeological sites 17 8.2.2. Mythology 18 8.3. Architecture 18 C. Reasons that justify the nomination of this territory as a European Geopark 19 1. Comprehensive analysis of the territory’s potential for the development of geotourism 19 2. Overview of the geoinstitutions and geoactivities in the geopark region 22 3. The territory’s interest in becoming a member of the European Geopark Network 24 D. General information about the territory 25 1. Economic activity. Description of the main areas of activity within the territory and its surrounding area. Brief description of the main structures in charge of the sustainable development policy for the territory 25 2. Plans for the future protection of the territory 26 3. Existing infrastructures 27 4. Planned infrastructures 28 Official application by the Basque Coast Geopark Project to become a European Geopark 1 A. DESCRIPTION OF THE GEOPARK TERRITORY A.1. NAME OF THE AREA APPLYING TO BECOME A EUROPEAN GEOPARK The municipalities of Zumaia, Deba and Mutriku request incorporation in the European Geoparks Network and the Global Geoparks Network (EGN and GGN, respectively) under the name Basque Coast Geopark. A.2. LOCATION OF AREA APPLYING TO BECOME A GEOPARK The three municipalities that comprise the territory being proposed for geopark status are located on the west coast of Gipuzkoa, one of the three provinces making up the Autonomous Community of the Basque Country in the north of Spain. Gipuzkoa borders on the department of Pyrénées-Atlantiques in the French region of Aquitaine. The geopark boundaries are the municipality of Getaria to the east; Aizarnazabal, Zestoa, Azpeitia, Azkoitia and Mendaro to the south (all municipalities located in Gipuzkoa); and the municipality of Ondarroa, in the province of Bizkaia, to the west. The privileged geographical location and well-developed facilities, including excellent transport and communications to the three Basque capitals, situate the proposed geopark at the nerve centre of the Basque territory. San Sebastián, for example, is only 30 minutes by car and Bilbao, 50 minutes (driving time calculated from Zumaia, the most populated town in the proposed geopark). The French border is 35 km from the eastern boundary of the geopark candidate site. The territory can be accessed via the following road, rail and air connections: The A-8 (E-70) Bilbao-Behobia (French border) motorway, which becomes the ‘Autovía del Cantábrico’ continuing westward to Cantabria and Asturias, and crossing the entire geopark territory. 25 km to the east the A-8 (E-70) connects up with the Madrid- Paris road (N-I and E-5, and at this point also called the E-80). The AP-1 Eibar-Vitoria motorway, which links the A-8 and the N-1 through the geopark territory. The N-634 road San Sebastián-Bilbao passes through the territory. The Euskotren railway links Bilbao and San Sebastián, and has two stations within the geopark territory. Various local and regional public bus transport routes have numerous stops in the area. Bilbao International Airport, the leading airport in the northern Iberian Peninsula, with direct flights to the most important cities in Spain and Europe, is located 77 km from the geopark. In 2008 Bilbao airport served 4,172,903 passengers travelling to more than 20 destinations. Gipuzkoa has its own airport in Hondarribia, 53 km from the geopark (serving 403,191 passengers in 2008, two destinations), and another three airports offering national and international flights are located within a 110 km radius of the geopark. BASQUE GIPUZKOA COAST DONOSTIA PROPOSED SAN SEBASTIÁN GEOPARK Distance in km CITY (from Zumaia) San Sebastián/Donostia 35 Bilbao 74 FRANCE Vitoria/Gasteiz 75 Pamplona/Iruña 103 Bayonne (France) 87 Pau (France) 194 Bordeaux (France) 275 Zaragoza 283 Valladolid 311 Madrid 427 Barcelona 592 Paris (France) 854 SPAIN Fig. A.1 Location maps of the proposed geopark Official application by the Basque Coast Geopark Project to become a European Geopark 2 AUTONOMOUS COMMUNITY BASQUE COAST BASQUE COAST OF THE BASQUE COUNTRY PROPOSED GEOPARK PROPOSED GEOPARK BASQUE COAST PROPOSED GEOPARK The nearest geoparks are relatively far from the proposed geopark: · Distance from Sobrarbe Geopark in Aragón: 295 km; travel time: 4 hours, 00 min. (distance calculated from Deba to Ainsa; source: www.viamichelin.com, on 12-11-2009) · Distance from Maestrazgo Geopark in Aragón: 438 km; travel time: 5 hours, 01 min. (distance calculated from Deba to Molinos; source www.viamichelin.com, on 12-11-2009) A.3. PHYSICAL AND HUMAN GEOGRAPHY The population within the proposed geopark area is approximately 19,476. The surface area comprises 89 Km2, and the population density is 219 inhabitants per km2. The total population of the province of Gipuzkoa is 701,056 (source: National Statistics Institute, INE, 2008) and the population of the Autonomous Community of the Basque Country is 2,140,908. The GDP of the Autonomous Community of the Basque Country is distributed among sectors as follows: services 60.8%, industry 29.3%, construction 8.9%, and fishing and agriculture 1%. The province of Gipuzkoa contributes approximately one third of the GDP. The population within the proposed geopark is concentrated in the larger towns and neighbourhoods (Zumaia, Narrondo, Oikia, Deba, Itziar, Mutriku and Mijoa), which account for more than 96% of the local population. Thus, the population is mainly confined to certain areas, such as valleys, mouths of rivers, ports and a few rural areas. Apart from the larger towns and neighbourhoods cited above, the remainder of the population is sparsely distributed throughout the region, and traditionally engaged in agricultural activities. As regards land use, it is important to point out that 55% of the Table 1. SURFACE AREA AND POPULATION OF GEOPARK surface area of the territory is forested. Pastures, and to a lesser extent orchards or land converted to other agricultural uses, account for 28% of the area. 8% of the countryside is covered with Municipality Surface area (Km2) Town mountainous grassland, shrubland or thicket. Rocky areas cover Source: Eustat. 2005; Source: I.N.E. 2008 3% of the surface area and inland waters or wetlands account for I.N.E. Nomenclature 1%. The remaining 5% is urban land or land occupied by infrastructures, quarries or dedicated to other uses which have Deba 50 5,404 transformed the area into man-made spaces. Mutriku 28 4,973 Zumaia 11 9,099 The proposed geopark territory encompasses 23 km of abrupt coastline consisting largely of steep cliffs. Inland the landscape 2 TOTAL 89 Km 19,476 is dominated by hilly countryside, where much of the agricultural activity takes place. A group of mountains composed of Urgonian limestone — former barrier reefs — can be found in the southern part of the region, the highest point (Sesiarte) reaching an elevation of 755 metres.
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