DOCSLIB.ORG

Vegetarische Sekten“) in Taiwan

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Vegetarische Sekten“) in Taiwan Die religiöse Praxis der Zhaijiao („Vegetarische Sekten“) in Taiwan Von der Fakultät für Geschichte, Kunst- und Orientwissenschaften der Universität Leipzig angenommene D I S S E R T A T I O N zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades DOCTOR PHILOSOPHIAE (Dr. phil.) vorgelegt von Nikolas Broy geboren am 03. September 1980 in Wurzen Gutachter: Prof. Dr. Hubert Seiwert Prof. Dr. Christoph Kleine Tag der Verteidigung: 30. Januar 2014 1 Inhaltsverzeichnis Abkürzungsverzeichnis und Konventionen..........................................................................................6 1. Einleitung: Die „vegetarischen Sekten“ in Taiwan..........................................................................7 1.1. Stand der Forschung.................................................................................................................8 1.2. Ziele und Arbeitsprogramm...................................................................................................14 1.2.1. Ziele................................................................................................................................14 1.2.2. Arbeitsprogramm............................................................................................................18 1.3. Gliederung und Aufbau der Arbeit..........................................................................................20 2. Volksreligiöse Sekten, „Redemptive Societies“ und Geheimreligionen: Hintergrund und Erbe der Zhaijiao...............................................................................................................................................24 2.1. Synkretismus und Devianz: Zum Problem der Definition von „Sekten“ in China................24 2.2. Religiöse Symbole und Vorstellungen spätkaiserzeitlicher Sekten am Beispiel der Zhaijiao36 2.2.1. Vorstellungswelt..............................................................................................................36 2.2.2. „Mutter“ und andere Gottheiten......................................................................................39 2.2.3. Textkorpus.......................................................................................................................46 3. Die vegetarischen Sekten in Taiwan – ein Überblick.....................................................................50 3.1. „Vegetarierfreunde“, Langhaarmönche und Laienbuddhisten................................................50 3.2. Orte religiöser Praxis: „Vegetarierhallen“ (zhaitang).............................................................55 3.3. Entwicklung und Transformation der Zhaijiao im 20. Jahrhundert........................................67 4. Die Longhuapai..............................................................................................................................77 4.1. Die frühe historische Entwicklung der Longhuapai...............................................................77 4.1.1. Die Vorgeschichte: Patriarch Luo in Geschichte und Hagiographie...............................77 4.1.2. Von Kanalarbeitern und Mönchen: Zur Vielgestaltigkeit von „Luo-Sekten“ im spätkaiserzeitlichen China.........................................................................................................79 4.1.3. Die Frühgeschichte (1): Patriarch Ying...........................................................................81 4.1.4. Die Frühgeschichte (2): Patriarch Yao............................................................................85 4.2. Die außerfamiliäre Tradition: Longhuapai.............................................................................90 4.2.1. Die Abspaltung von der Familientradition......................................................................90 4.2.2. Die Aufspaltung der Zweige...........................................................................................93 4.3. Die Longhuapai in Taiwan....................................................................................................101 4.3.1. Entwicklung und Verbreitung.......................................................................................101 4.3.2. Zweigzugehörigkeit, Beziehungen zum Festland und Ökumene..................................109 4.4. Entwicklung und Bedeutung des Gradsystems.....................................................................114 4.5. Kodifizierte Normen und Regelwerke: Das „Soll“ religiösen Handelns..............................125 4.5.1. Verhaltensnormen und Ethik.........................................................................................125 4.5.2. Die Ritualhandbücher der Drachenblumensekte: Das Longhua keyi...........................130 4.6. Religiöse Praxis in der spätkaiserzeitlichen Longhuapai.....................................................134 4.6.1. Ikonoklasmus und „protestantischer“ Fundamentalismus in den frühen Luo-Sekten..134 4.6.2. Individuelle und kommunale Religiosität seit dem 18. Jahrhundert.............................149 4.7. Religiöse Praxis in der Longhuapai in Taiwan.....................................................................162 4.7.1. Das religiöse Leben in der Geschichte der taiwanischen Longhuapai..........................162 4.7.2. Religiöse Praxis in der heutigen Longhuapai (1): Kurzrituale......................................178 4.7.2.1 Reguläre Rituale: Morgen- und Abendliturgie.......................................................178 4.7.2.2 Guanyins Erleuchtung in der Mindetang................................................................183 4.7.2.3 Longhua-Anhänger als Laienbuddhisten: Buddhageburtstag in der Dehuatang....186 4.7.2.4 Die Longhuapai als Ritualdienstleister: Die Erlösung der Seelen ........................188 4.7.2.5 Das Begräbnisritual................................................................................................190 4.7.3. Religiöse Praxis in der heutigen Longhuapai (2): Das siebentägige Initiationsfest......192 4.7.3.1 Historische Grundlagen..........................................................................................192 4.7.3.2 Das Initiationsfest in Taiwan..................................................................................200 4.7.3.3 Das Initiationsfest in der Chaotiantang..................................................................204 2 5. Die Jintongpai...............................................................................................................................213 5.1. Zum Problem des Sektennamens..........................................................................................213 5.2. Die Geschichte der Jintongpai auf dem chinesischen Festland............................................215 5.2.1. Die Frühgeschichte.......................................................................................................215 5.2.2. Beziehungen zur Ying- und Yao-Tradition (Longhuapai).............................................230 5.3. Die Jintongpai in Taiwan......................................................................................................235 5.4. Religiöse Praxis und verehrte Gottheiten in der Jintongjiao................................................241 5.5. Gradsystem und Verwaltung.................................................................................................246 6. Die Xiantianpai.............................................................................................................................249 6.1. Frühe Entwicklung bis ins 19. Jahrhundert..........................................................................249 6.2. Die Xiantianpai in Taiwan ...................................................................................................259 6.2.1. Wanquantang.................................................................................................................261 6.2.2. Qianyuantang................................................................................................................265 6.3. Organisation und Verwaltungsstruktur.................................................................................267 6.4. Religiöse Praxis in der Xiantianpai......................................................................................271 6.4.1. Religiöse Praxis in den Qing-zeitlichen Xiantian-Sekten.............................................271 6.4.2. Religiöse Praxis in der taiwanischen Xiantianpai.........................................................282 6.5. Schriften und Texte...............................................................................................................297 6.6. Eschatologie und Erlösung...................................................................................................301 7. Abschließende Betrachtungen......................................................................................................306 7.1. Zhaijiao gestern und heute: Die Folgen der Konventionalisierung religiöser Praxis...........306 7.2. Zhaijiao in der heutigen Gesellschaft Taiwans: Distinktion vs. Diffusion...........................312 7.3. Zhaijiao und die religiöse Landschaft des modernen Taiwan...............................................322 7.4. Schlussbemerkung: Die historische Bedeutung der vegetarischen Sekten in China............328 8. Literaturverzeichnis .....................................................................................................................331 8.1. Siglen....................................................................................................................................331
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Making the State on the Sino-Tibetan Frontier: Chinese Expansion and Local Power in Batang, 1842-1939
    Making the State on the Sino-Tibetan Frontier: Chinese Expansion and Local Power in Batang, 1842-1939 William M. Coleman, IV Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Columbia University 2014 © 2013 William M. Coleman, IV All rights reserved Abstract Making the State on the Sino-Tibetan Frontier: Chinese Expansion and Local Power in Batang, 1842-1939 William M. Coleman, IV This dissertation analyzes the process of state building by Qing imperial representatives and Republican state officials in Batang, a predominantly ethnic Tibetan region located in southwestern Sichuan Province. Utilizing Chinese provincial and national level archival materials and Tibetan language works, as well as French and American missionary records and publications, it explores how Chinese state expansion evolved in response to local power and has three primary arguments. First, by the mid-nineteenth century, Batang had developed an identifiable structure of local governance in which native chieftains, monastic leaders, and imperial officials shared power and successfully fostered peace in the region for over a century. Second, the arrival of French missionaries in Batang precipitated a gradual expansion of imperial authority in the region, culminating in radical Qing military intervention that permanently altered local understandings of power. While short-lived, centrally-mandated reforms initiated soon thereafter further integrated Batang into the Qing Empire, thereby
    [Show full text]
  • Umithesis Lye Feedingghosts.Pdf
    UMI Number: 3351397 INFORMATION TO USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleed-through, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. ______________________________________________________________ UMI Microform 3351397 Copyright 2009 by ProQuest LLC All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. _______________________________________________________________ ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, MI 48106-1346 TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS vi INTRODUCTION The Yuqie yankou – Present and Past, Imagined and Performed 1 The Performed Yuqie yankou Rite 4 The Historical and Contemporary Contexts of the Yuqie yankou 7 The Yuqie yankou at Puti Cloister, Malaysia 11 Controlling the Present, Negotiating the Future 16 Textual and Ethnographical Research 19 Layout of Dissertation and Chapter Synopses 26 CHAPTER ONE Theory and Practice, Impressions and Realities 37 Literature Review: Contemporary Scholarly Treatments of the Yuqie yankou Rite 39 Western Impressions, Asian Realities 61 CHAPTER TWO Material Yuqie yankou – Its Cast, Vocals, Instrumentation
    [Show full text]
  • Official Colours of Chinese Regimes: a Panchronic Philological Study with Historical Accounts of China
    TRAMES, 2012, 16(66/61), 3, 237–285 OFFICIAL COLOURS OF CHINESE REGIMES: A PANCHRONIC PHILOLOGICAL STUDY WITH HISTORICAL ACCOUNTS OF CHINA Jingyi Gao Institute of the Estonian Language, University of Tartu, and Tallinn University Abstract. The paper reports a panchronic philological study on the official colours of Chinese regimes. The historical accounts of the Chinese regimes are introduced. The official colours are summarised with philological references of archaic texts. Remarkably, it has been suggested that the official colours of the most ancient regimes should be the three primitive colours: (1) white-yellow, (2) black-grue yellow, and (3) red-yellow, instead of the simple colours. There were inconsistent historical records on the official colours of the most ancient regimes because the composite colour categories had been split. It has solved the historical problem with the linguistic theory of composite colour categories. Besides, it is concluded how the official colours were determined: At first, the official colour might be naturally determined according to the substance of the ruling population. There might be three groups of people in the Far East. (1) The developed hunter gatherers with livestock preferred the white-yellow colour of milk. (2) The farmers preferred the red-yellow colour of sun and fire. (3) The herders preferred the black-grue-yellow colour of water bodies. Later, after the Han-Chinese consolidation, the official colour could be politically determined according to the main property of the five elements in Sino-metaphysics. The red colour has been predominate in China for many reasons. Keywords: colour symbolism, official colours, national colours, five elements, philology, Chinese history, Chinese language, etymology, basic colour terms DOI: 10.3176/tr.2012.3.03 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction
    Notes Introduction 1. Hobsbawm 1990, 66. 2. Diamond 1998, 322–33. 3. Fairbank 1992, 44–45. 4. Fei Xiaotong 1989, 1–2. 5. Diamond 1998, 323, original emphasis. 6. Crossley 1999; Di Cosmo 1998; Purdue 2005a; Lavely and Wong 1998, 717. 7. Richards 2003, 112–47; Lattimore 1937; Pan Chia-lin and Taeuber 1952. 8. My usage of the term “geo-body” follows Thongchai 1994. 9. B. Anderson 1991, 86. 10. Purdue 2001, 304. 11. Dreyer 2006, 279–80; Fei Xiaotong 1981, 23–25. 12. Jiang Ping 1994, 16. 13. Morris-Suzuki 1998, 4; Duara 2003; Handler 1988, 6–9. 14. Duara 1995; Duara 2003. 15. Turner 1962, 3. 16. Adelman and Aron 1999, 816. 17. M. Anderson 1996, 4, Anderson’s italics. 18. Fitzgerald 1996a: 136. 19. Ibid., 107. 20. Tsu Jing 2005. 21. R. Wong 2006, 95. 22. Chatterjee (1986) was the first to theorize colonial nationalism as a “derivative discourse” of Western Orientalism. 23. Gladney 1994, 92–95; Harrell 1995a; Schein 2000. 24. Fei Xiaotong 1989, 1. 25. Cohen 1991, 114–25; Schwarcz 1986; Tu Wei-ming 1994. 26. Harrison 2000, 240–43, 83–85; Harrison 2001. 27. Harrison 2000, 83–85; Cohen 1991, 126. 186 • Notes 28. Duara 2003, 9–40. 29. See, for example, Lattimore 1940 and 1962; Forbes 1986; Goldstein 1989; Benson 1990; Lipman 1998; Millward 1998; Purdue 2005a; Mitter 2000; Atwood 2002; Tighe 2005; Reardon-Anderson 2005; Giersch 2006; Crossley, Siu, and Sutton 2006; Gladney 1991, 1994, and 1996; Harrell 1995a and 2001; Brown 1996 and 2004; Cheung Siu-woo 1995 and 2003; Schein 2000; Kulp 2000; Bulag 2002 and 2006; Rossabi 2004.
    [Show full text]
  • Constructed History: Ethnic Yao in Modern China Chen, Meiwen
    Constructed History: Ethnic Yao in Modern China Chen, Meiwen Citation Chen, M. (2011). Constructed History: Ethnic Yao in Modern China. Leidschrift : Vergeten Verleden, 26(April), 93-108. Retrieved from https://hdl.handle.net/1887/73320 Version: Not Applicable (or Unknown) License: Leiden University Non-exclusive license Downloaded from: https://hdl.handle.net/1887/73320 Note: To cite this publication please use the final published version (if applicable). Artikel/Article: Constructed History: Ethnic Yao in Modern China Auteur/Author: Meiwen Chen Verschenen in/Appeared in: Leidschrift, 26.1 (Leiden 2011) 93-108 © 2011 Stichting Leidschrift, Leiden, The Netherlands ISSN 0923-9146 E-ISSN 2210-5298 Niets uit deze uitgave mag worden No part of this publication may be gereproduceerd en/of vermenigvuldigd reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, zonder schriftelijke toestemming van de or transmitted, in any form or by any uitgever. means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission of the publisher. Leidschrift is een zelfstandig Leidschrift is an independent academic wetenschappelijk historisch tijdschrift, journal dealing with current historical verbonden aan het Instituut voor debates and is linked to the Institute for geschiedenis van de Universiteit Leiden. History of Leiden University. Leidschrift Leidschrift verschijnt drie maal per jaar in appears tri-annually and each edition de vorm van een themanummer en biedt deals with a specific theme. hiermee al vijfentwintig jaar een podium Articles older than two years can be voor levendige historiografische downloaded from www.leidschrift.nl. discussie. Copies can be order by e-mail. It is also Artikelen ouder dan 2 jaar zijn te possible to order an yearly subscription.
    [Show full text]
  • The Festival of the Nine Emperor Gods in Malaysia: Myth，Ritual，And Symbol
    C heu H ock T ong National University of Singapore The Festival of the Nine Emperor Gods in Malaysia: Myth，Ritual，and Symbol Abstract The present paper describes and analyzes the Festival of the Nine Emperor Gods, a popular celebration among the Chinese in Malaysia. The origins of the myth of the Nine Emperor Gods may be traced back to the Nine Human Sovereigns of Chinese tradition, to the historical events of the Han and Ming dynasties, and to the circumstances of the Chinese immigration into Malaysia. The myth of the Nine Emperor Gods is enacted in a body of rituals, the significance of which is reflected in the symbolic representations of the gods. Myth, ritual, and symbol are thus ideologically interrelated to form a structural framework for the interaction of the yin-yang forces at different levels of the cosmic representations featured in the festival. The festival provides a venue for the yearly renewal of cosmic power, so that human life may be rejuvenated and human conflicts resolved. Key words: Nine Emperor Gods — festival— myth ——ritual— macrocosm 一 micro­ cosm — infracosm Asian Folklore Studies, Volume 55，1996: 49-72 1 H E Festival of the Nine Emperor Gods (Jiuhuangye 九皇爺）in 1 Malaysia is a form of temple fair celebrated only at temples dedicated to these gods. In a 1984 survey I found tmrty-nine such temples in Peninsular Malaysia and none in the states of Sabah and Sarawak. In 1990 the number in Peninsular Malaysia had increased to fifty. My latest surveys, in 1991 and 1992，revealed a further three temples in the West しoast Residency of Sabah (two in Kota Kinabalu and one in Labuan).1 The organization of the festival can be represented in the form of two large concentric circles.
    [Show full text]
  • The Case of the Missing Indigene: Debate Over a 'Second-Generation'
    The Case of the Missing Indigene: Debate Over a “Second-Generation” Ethnic Policy .BSL&MMJPUU ABSTRACT The last few years have seen a vigorous public policy debate emerge over a “second- generation” ethnic policy (di’erdai minzu zhengce) which, if implemented, would constitute a major revision of ethnic politics in China. Despite the fact that nationalities policy is a notoriously sensitive subject within China, the debate is happening openly in newspapers, academic journals and on the Internet. The prominence accorded to anthropological theory and international comparison is a notable feature of the debate. This article first explores the main positions in the ongoing policy discussion, then goes on to argue that, rather than comparing China’s non-Han peoples to minority immigrant populations in the industrial- ized democracies, a better comparison is to indigenous peoples. It then considers why this perspective is completely missing from the present debate. n recent years, a debate has arisen among intellectuals and officials in the IPeople’s Republic of China over the proper framework for managing the affairs of the country’s roughly 114 million citizens who identify themselves ethnically other than as Han Chinese (Hanzu 汉族).1 The earliest questioning of the present system for determining minority nationality status (shaoshu minzu chengfen 少数 民族成分) dates from about a decade ago, but the discussion has become greatly amplified since 2008, as the situation in many of the country’s ethnically dis- tinct frontier regions—notably, Tibet, Xinjiang and Mongolia—has deteriorated, * A version of this article was first presented at an international conference on the “second-generation” policy held at Shiga University (Japan) in December 2012.
    [Show full text]
  • A Historical and Comparative Analysis of Incense and Moxibustion As Similar Agents of Edification and Self-Cultivation Hannah E
    Black & Gold Volume 3 Black & Gold Article 2 2017 Succor in Smoke: A Historical and Comparative Analysis of Incense and Moxibustion as Similar Agents of Edification and Self-Cultivation Hannah E. Matulek The College of Wooster Follow this and additional works at: https://openworks.wooster.edu/blackandgold Part of the Asian History Commons, Chinese Studies Commons, History of Science, Technology, and Medicine Commons, and the Other Religion Commons Recommended Citation Matulek, Hannah E. (2017) "Succor in Smoke: A Historical and Comparative Analysis of Incense and Moxibustion as Similar Agents of Edification and Self-Cultivation," Black & Gold: Vol. 3. Available at: https://openworks.wooster.edu/blackandgold/vol3/iss1/2 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Open Works. It has been accepted for inclusion in Black & Gold by an authorized administrator of Open Works. For more information, please contact [email protected]. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 4.0 License. Matulek: Succor in Smoke: A Historical and Comparative Analysis of Incense Introduction Medicine in traditional China was a dynamic, widespread, and all-encompassing aspect of society that drew from other facets of civilization to gain information, define etiology, diagnose illness, and offer treatment options to the sick. In the earlier periods of Chinese history, disease was explained and treated through the concepts of dissatisfied ancestors and malicious demonic possession. Expressed in the oracle bones of the Shang and Early Zhou Dynasties, mortal ailments were attributed to and thought to be controlled by volatile external forces. The Chinese medical tradition would shift from these approaches in subsequent dynasties, however, largely due to the introduction of China’s three major religions—Confucianism, Buddhism, and Daoism.
    [Show full text]
  • The Daoist Tradition Also Available from Bloomsbury
    The Daoist Tradition Also available from Bloomsbury Chinese Religion, Xinzhong Yao and Yanxia Zhao Confucius: A Guide for the Perplexed, Yong Huang The Daoist Tradition An Introduction LOUIS KOMJATHY Bloomsbury Academic An imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing Plc 50 Bedford Square 175 Fifth Avenue London New York WC1B 3DP NY 10010 UK USA www.bloomsbury.com First published 2013 © Louis Komjathy, 2013 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage or retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the publishers. Louis Komjathy has asserted his right under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988, to be identified as Author of this work. No responsibility for loss caused to any individual or organization acting on or refraining from action as a result of the material in this publication can be accepted by Bloomsbury Academic or the author. Permissions Cover: Kate Townsend Ch. 10: Chart 10: Livia Kohn Ch. 11: Chart 11: Harold Roth Ch. 13: Fig. 20: Michael Saso Ch. 15: Fig. 22: Wu’s Healing Art Ch. 16: Fig. 25: British Taoist Association British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. ISBN: 9781472508942 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Komjathy, Louis, 1971- The Daoist tradition : an introduction / Louis Komjathy. pages cm Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-4411-1669-7 (hardback) -- ISBN 978-1-4411-6873-3 (pbk.) -- ISBN 978-1-4411-9645-3 (epub) 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Taoism and Chinese Religion
    www.quirinpress.com @QuirinPress Quirin Press Release “It is largely thanks to [Maspero’s] pioneer work in the fields of Chinese religion, anthropology, linguistics and history that China’s contribution to the achievement of man could first be reviewed on terms of parity with those of other civilizations. “To the question whether his discoveries, opinions and interpretations have been outdated by the subsequent thirty years’ research, it may be answered that leading scholars still rely with the utmost confidence on his writings as a framework whose validity has outdated their most recent findings, and whose detail has in many cases not been bettered.” — Michael Loewe, University of Cambridge (from the sleeve notes to the original 1981 edition.) Taoism and Chinese Religion Revised Edition by Henri Maspero Translated by Frank A. Kierman, Jr. Price for pb & E-book: $ 96.56 USD | €74.00 EUR | £ 58.40 GBP | $ 99.99 AUD Publication date: Sep. 2014 Paperback (Sep. 2015 E-book) Size: xli + 689 pages | 6 x 9 in. / 234 x 156 mm. | 2.339 lb / 1060 gm Formats available: Perfect Bound (pb) & E-book Series: Quirin Pinyin Updated Editions (QPUE) ISBN 13: 978-1-922169-04-4 Paper | 978-1-922169-05-1 E-book (Sep 2015) … one of the greatest attractions of Maspero’s writings in this volume (and one that will endure even when our own researches eventually make us better informed than he was on every topic upon which he touched), is the invaluable picture disclosed to us of a mature sinologist remarkable for his broad erudition and penetrating insight confronting a field of research completely untouched by earlier scholars.
    [Show full text]
  • Dr Birgit Schneider Student: Monty LAW Cheuk Lem
    History 3029 Transnational History: A New Perspective on the Past Semester I, 2017-18 Instructor: Dr Birgit Schneider Student: Monty LAW Cheuk Lem Book review Duara, Prasenjit. The Crisis of Global Modernity: Asian Traditions and a Sustainable Future. Asian Connections. Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press, 2015. Prasenjit Duara is currently the Oscar Tang Chair of East Asian Studies at the History Department of Duke University. He was born and educated in India and received his PhD in Chinese History from Harvard University. His research focuses on Modern China. His previous three books were Rescuing History from the Nation: Questioning Narratives of Modern China (1996), Sovereignty and Authenticity: Manchukuo and the East Asian Modern (2004) and The Global and Regional in China’s Nation-Formation (2008). His work places Asian countries in the context of broader global and regional processes, thus incorporating ideas from world history. The author sets out to find an alternative paradigm to three global crises in the modern world. The first is the problem of environmental sustainability, caused by competitive capitalist states legitimizing the conquest of nature for human needs since the eighteenth century. He argues that the modern world is now caught in a treadmill of competition and growth, and the resulting climate change has the potential to wipe out a large proportion of living beings. The second is the loss of transcendent authority to challenge worldly authorities. Here, transcendence is not limited to religion but includes ideas of scientific utopianism. The author argues there are currently few moral forces which offer alternatives to the paradigm of competitive capitalist states.
    [Show full text]
  • Gongan Collections I 公案集公案集 Gongangongan Collectionscollections I I Juhn Y
    7-1 COLLECTED WORKS OF KOREAN BUDDHISM 7-1 GONGAN COLLECTIONS I COLLECTIONS GONGAN 公案集公案集 GONGANGONGAN COLLECTIONSCOLLECTIONS I I JUHN Y. AHN JUHN Y. (EDITOR) JOHN JORGENSEN COLLECTED WORKS OF KOREAN BUDDHISM VOLUME 7-1 公案集 GONGAN COLLECTIONS I Collected Works of Korean Buddhism, Vol. 7-1 Gongan Collections I Edited by John Jorgensen Translated by Juhn Y. Ahn Published by the Jogye Order of Korean Buddhism Distributed by the Compilation Committee of Korean Buddhist Thought 45 Gyeonji-dong, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-170, Korea / T. 82-2-725-0364 / F. 82-2-725-0365 First printed on June 25, 2012 Designed by ahn graphics ltd. Printed by Chun-il Munhwasa, Paju, Korea © 2012 by the Compilation Committee of Korean Buddhist Thought, Jogye Order of Korean Buddhism This project has been supported by the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism, Republic of Korea. ISBN: 978-89-94117-10-2 ISBN: 978-89-94117-17-1 (Set) Printed in Korea COLLECTED WORKS OF KOREAN BUDDHISM VOLUME 7-1 公案集 GONGAN COLLECTIONS I EDITED BY JOHN JORGENSEN TRANSLATED AND ANNOTATED BY JUHN Y. AHN i Preface to The Collected Works of Korean Buddhism At the start of the twenty-first century, humanity looked with hope on the dawning of a new millennium. A decade later, however, the global village still faces the continued reality of suffering, whether it is the slaughter of innocents in politically volatile regions, the ongoing economic crisis that currently roils the world financial system, or repeated natural disasters. Buddhism has always taught that the world is inherently unstable and its teachings are rooted in the perception of the three marks that govern all conditioned existence: impermanence, suffering, and non-self.
    [Show full text]